vH;kl lkxj(d{kk & NBh)

izdk'ku foHkkx

Mh-,-oh- dkWyst izca/oQ=khZ lfefrfp=kxqIr ekxZ] u;h fnYyh&110055

fo"k;&lwph

Øe la[;k ikB dk uke O;kdj.k fo"k; i`"B la[;k

1- lkFkh gkFk c<+kuk mPpkj.k ,oa rqdkar 'kCn 01

2- fpV~Bh osQ v{kj vuqLokj ,oa vuqukfld 06

3- cjlrs ty osQ :i vusd laKk o Hksn 14

4- iqjLdkj loZuke o Hksn 19

5- lh[kks Mk;jh ys[ku 25

6- vuks[kk ojnku fo'ks"k.k 26

7- lqanj yky ^j* osQ fofHkUu :i 33

8- utkuw dfo cuk fojke&fpg~u 39

9- nksgs vusdkFkhZ 'kCn 45

10- iksaxy dky 49

11- rsukyhjke us pksjksa dks mYyw cuk;k Mk;jh ys[ku 55

12- nl vkeksa dh dher uqDrk dk iz;ksx 56

13- vuks[kh nkSM+ milxZ 62

14- ,d jksekapd ;k=kk dkjd 68

15- ifjJe le:ih fHkUukFkZd 'kCn 74

16- /ku dk egRRo foKkiu 81

17- ;k=kk vkSj ;k=kh izR;; 82

18- iap ijes'oj fozQ;k 89

19- floaQnj vkSj lk/q laokn ys[ku 95

20- vk;k olar fofo/ 'kCn&iz;ksx 96

1

lkFkh gkFk c<+kuk

vH;kl

1

mPpkj.k ,oa rqdkar 'kCn

lkFkh gkFk c<+kuk]

,d vosQyk Fkd tk,xk] feydj cks> mBkukA

lkFkh gkFk c<+kukA

ge esgurokyksa us tc Hkh] feydj dne c<+k;k]

lkxj us jLrk NksM+k] ijcr us lhl >qdk;k]

IkQkSyknh gSa lhus vius] IkQkSyknh gSa ck¡gsa]

ge pkgsa rks pV~Vkuksa esa iSnk dj nsa jkgsa]

lkFkh gkFk c<+kukA

1- mQij nh xbZ iafDr;ksa esa vk, eksVs dkys

'kCnksa dks tksM+s osQ :i esa fyf[k,μ

(d) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

vc bu 'kCnksa dks cksy&cksydj if<+,A

;kn jf[k,μ yxHkx leku mPpkj.k okys 'kCnksa osQ iz;ksx dks rqdkar 'kCn

dgrs gSaA tSlsμc<+kuk] mBkuk

+ +

2

2- iz'u 1 esa fn, x, mnkgj.kksa osQ vfrfjDr dfork esa vk, dksbZ vU; rqdkar 'kCnksa osQ

tksM+s fyf[k,μ

(d) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (x) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ (?k) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ rqdkar okys 'kCn fyf[k,μ

(d) tk,xk μ -------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------

([k) dy μ -------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------

(x) NksM+k μ -------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------

(?k) pgd μ -------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------

(Ä) ctkuk μ -------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------

4- uhps fn, x, 'kCn&lewgksa esa ls lgh 'kCnksa ij ?ksjk yxkb,μ

(d) vfo"dkj vkfo"dkj vkfo'dkj

([k) vfHkyk'kk vHkhyk"kk vfHkyk"kk

(x) O;Drh O;fDr o;fDr

(?k) ijh.kke ifjuke ifj.kke

(Ä) eqfu equh ewfu

5- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa dks è;ku ls if<+,μ

o`Q".k fdLer pV~Vkuksa

mi;qZDr 'kCnksa esa mu o.kks± ij ?ksjk yxkb, ftuesa dksbZ Loj ugha gSA

;kn jf[k,μ tc nks ;k rhu O;atuksa osQ chp dksbZ Loj ugha gksrk rks os lg;ksxh

;k la;qDr :i ls fy[ks tkrs gSaA bUgsa la;qDr O;atu vFkok O;atu xqPN Hkh dgk

tkrk gSA

3

vc uhps fn, x, fp=kksa osQ lkeus muosQ os uke fyf[k,] ftuesa la;qDr O;atuksa dk

iz;ksx gqvk gksμ

(d) μ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) μ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) μ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) μ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Ä) μ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

vkvks nksgjk,¡

6- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa dks vkSj D;k dgrs gSa\ fyf[k,μ

(d) jLrk -------------------------------------------------------- fdLer

([k) ijcr -------------------------------------------------------- jkLrk

(x) ys[k -------------------------------------------------------- 'kh'k

(?k) nfj;k -------------------------------------------------------- ioZr

(Ä) lhl -------------------------------------------------------- lkxj

4

7- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ myVs vFkZ okys 'kCn fyf[k,μ

(d) ,d μ -------------------------------------------------------- (x) lp μ --------------------------------------------------------

([k) vius μ -------------------------------------------------------- (?k) nq[k μ --------------------------------------------------------

8- uhps fn, x, 'kCnkas ls okD; cukb,μ

(d) lkFkh μ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) esgur μ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) ussd μ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) vosQyk μ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9- uhps fn, x, nks&nks 'kCnksa dk bl izdkj okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft, fd muosQ vFkZ esa

varj Li"V gks losQμ

(d) irk μ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

iRrk μ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) cpk μ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

cPpk μ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) leku μ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

lEeku μ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

5

vkvks fy[ksa

10- esgur vkSj fey&tqydj dke djus osQ egRRo ij 100&150 'kCnksa esa vuqPNsn

fyf[k,μ

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6

● fpV~Bh osQ uhps laiknd osQ gLrk{kj FksA ● fpV~Bh dh fy[kkoV cM+h lqanj FkhA ● esjs eq¡g ls

vuk;kl gh fudy iM+kμokg! cM+h lqanj fy[kkoV gSA ● vki rks esjs eu dh ckr Hkk¡i x,A

1- Åij fn, x, okD;ksaa esa ls mu 'kCnksa dks Nk¡Vdj fyf[k, ftu ij fcanq yxk gS vFkok

paæfcanq yxk gSμ

fcanq okys 'kCn paæfcanq okys 'kCn

----------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------------------

2- fcanq okys 'kCnkas esa ftl o.kZ ij fcanq yxk gS] mls cksyus osQ ckn vkok”k dgk¡ ls

fudyrh gS\ mfpr mRrj ij lgh (✓✓✓✓✓) dk fu'kku yxkb,μ

eq¡g ls ukd ls eq¡g ,oa ukd] nksuksa ls

fpV~Bh osQ v{kj

vH;kl

2

vuqLokj ,oa vuqukfld

7

3- paæfcanq okys 'kCnksaa eas ftl v{kj ij paæfcanq yxk gS] mls cksyrs le; vkok”k dgk¡

ls fudyrh gS\ mfpr mRrj ij lgh (✓✓✓✓✓) dk fu'kku yxkb,μ

eq¡g ls ukd ls eq¡g ,oa ukd] nksuksa ls

4- vc uhps nh xbZ o.kZekyk dks iwjk dhft,μ

o.kZ igyk o.kZ nwljk o.kZ rhljk o.kZ pkSFkk o.kZ ik¡pok¡ o.kZ

d oxZ d ------------------------------- ------------------------------- ------------------------------- -------------------------------

p oxZ p ------------------------------- ------------------------------- ------------------------------- -------------------------------

V oxZ V ------------------------------- ------------------------------- ------------------------------- -------------------------------

r oxZ r ------------------------------- ------------------------------- ------------------------------- -------------------------------

i oxZ i ------------------------------- ------------------------------- ------------------------------- -------------------------------

5- D;k vki tkurs gSa fd oqQN 'kCnksa dks nks izdkj ls fy[kk tkrk gSA

uhps fn, x, 'kCnkas dks if<+, vkSj le>us dk iz;kl dhft,μ

(d) vÄ~d μ vad

([k) p×py μ papy

(x) B.Mk μ BaMk

(?k) pUnk μ pank

(Ä) iEi μ iai

;kn jf[k,μ 'kCn osQ nksuksa :i lgh gSaA exj vktdy 'kCnksa dks ekud

:i esa nwljs izdkj ls fy[kk tkrk gSA (vad] papy] BaMk] pank] iai 'kCn

ekud :i eas gSaA)

6- vkb,] vc bu 'kCnkas osQ vk/kj ij fcanq yxkus osQ fu;e dks le>saμ

(d) ^pUnk* 'kCn eas vk/k o.kZ dkSu&lk gS\ ----------------------------------

([k) ;g ik¡pok¡ o.kZ fdl oxZ dk gS\ ----------------------------------

8

(x) ik¡posa o.kZ osQ ckn dkSu&lk o.kZ gS\ ----------------------------------

(?k) ik¡posa o.kZ osQ ckn okyk o.kZ fdl oxZ dk gS\ ----------------------------------

(Ä) D;k ik¡pok¡ o.kZ vkSj mlosQ ckn okyk o.kZ ,d gh oxZ osQ gSa\ ----------------------------------

(p) ^pank* 'kCn eas ik¡posa o.kZ osQ LFkku ij fdldk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gS\ ----------------------------------

(N) D;k ^pUnk* 'kCn osQ ik¡posa o.kZ esa ^v* Loj gS\ ----------------------------------

;kn jf[k,μ ;fn ik¡posa o.kZ osQ ckn okyk o.kZ mlh osQ oxZ dk dksbZ vU;o.kZ gks rks ml ik¡posa o.kZ dh txg fcanq (μ) dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ;gfcanq ik¡posa o.kZ ls igys okys o.kZ ij yxk;k tkrk gSA bl fcanq dks vuqLokjdgk tkrk gSA

7- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa eas ik¡posa o.kZ osQ LFkku ij ^vquLokj* fpg~u (μ) yxkb,μ(d) jÄ~x μ -------------------------------------------- (p) fnukÄ~d μ --------------------------------------------

([k) e×tu μ -------------------------------------------- (N) i×pe μ --------------------------------------------

(x) M.Mk μ -------------------------------------------- (t) if.Mr μ --------------------------------------------

(?k) vUr μ -------------------------------------------- (>) xUnk μ --------------------------------------------

(Ä) dEiu μ -------------------------------------------- (×k) vEcj μ --------------------------------------------

8- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa esa mnkgj.k osQ vuqlkj lgh LFkku ij ^vuqLokj* (μ) fpg~uyxkb, vkSj okD; cukb,μmnkgj.k% jx μ jax

(d) xnk μ ----------------------------------------- ([k) fprk μ -----------------------------------------

okD;&iz;ksxmnkgj.k% jax μ lq'khyk yky jax osQ iwQy ykbZ FkhA

(d) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-

-

-

9

9- uhps fn, x, fp=kksa osQ uke ekud :i esa fyf[k,μ

(d) μ --------------------------------------- (p) μ ---------------------------------------

([k) μ --------------------------------------- (N) μ ---------------------------------------

(x) μ --------------------------------------- (t) μ ---------------------------------------

(?k) μ --------------------------------------- (>) μ ---------------------------------------

(Ä) μ --------------------------------------- (×k) μ ---------------------------------------

10- ;fn ik¡posa o.kZ osQ ckn okyk o.kZ mlh oxZ dk u gks] ftl oxZ dk ik¡pok¡ o.kZ gSvFkok ogh ik¡pok¡ o.kZ nqckjk vk, rks D;k gksxk\ vkb,] fn, x, mnkgj.kksaa ls blsle>saμmnkgj.k% (tUe] lEeku] fHkUu)

(d) ^tUe* 'kCn esa dkSu&ls ik¡posa o.kZ esa ^v* Loj ugha gS\ ----------------------------------------------

([k) blosQ ckn okyk o.kZ fdl oxZ dk gS\ ---------------------------------------------

(x) D;k nksuksaa osQ oxZ leku gSa\ ---------------------------------------------

(?k) ^lEeku* ,oa ^fHkUu* 'kCnkas esa dkSu&ls o.kZ nks ckj vk, gSa\ ---------------------------------------------

(Ä) ;s o.kZ vius&vius oxZ osQ dkSu&ls LFkku osQ o.kZ gSa\ ---------------------------------------------

10

;kn jf[k,μ ;fn ik¡posa o.kZ osQ ckn fdlh nwljs oxZ dk o.kZ vk, vFkok oghik¡pok¡ o.kZ nqckjk vk, rks vuqLokj fpg~u (μ) dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k tk,xkA

11- uhps oqQN 'kCn fn, x, gSaA ftu 'kCnksa esa vuqLokj fpg~u (μ) dk iz;ksx fd;k tk,xk]muosQ lkeus ^gk¡* rFkk ftu 'kCnkas esa vuqLokj fpg~u (μ) dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k tk,xk]muosQ lkeus ^ugha* fyf[k,μ

(d) lqUnj μ ----------------------------------- (?k) iÄ~dt μ -----------------------------------

([k) vUu μ ----------------------------------- (Ä) i×Nh μ -----------------------------------

(x) lEekfur μ ----------------------------------- (p) v{kq..k μ -----------------------------------

12- uhps [kaM I ,oa II esa oqQN 'kCn fn, x, gSaA bu 'kCnksa dks cksy&cksydj if<+,μ

I II

ck/k ck¡/klkl lk¡ldkVk dk¡Vklokj l¡okj

(d) [kaM I osQ 'kCnksa osQ igys v{kj dks cksyrs le; vkok”k dgk¡ ls fudyrh gS\

mfpr mRrj ij lgh (✓✓✓✓✓) dk fu'kku yxkb,μ

eq¡g ls ukd ls eq¡g ,oa ukd] nksuksa ls

([k) [kaM II osQ 'kCnksa osQ igys v{kj dks cksyrs le; vkok”k dgk¡ ls fudyrh gS\

mfpr mRrj ij lgh (✓✓✓✓✓) dk fu'kku yxkb,μ

eq¡g ls ukd ls eq¡g ,oa ukd] nksuksaa ls

(x) ftu 'kCnksa dks cksyrs le; vkok”k eq¡g ,oa ukd nksuksa ls fudyrh gS] muosQ Åij

D;k yxk gqvk gS\

--

-

11

;kn jf[k,μ tc fdlh o.kZ dks cksyrs le; vkok”k eq¡g ,oa ukd nksuksa ls fudyrhgS rks ml o.kZ osQ Åij panzfcanq (μ) yxk;k tkrk gSA panzfcanq dks O;kdj.k dh Hkk"kkesa vuqukfld dgk tkrk gSA

13- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa esa mfpr LFkku ij ^vuqukfld* fpg~u (μ) yxkb, vkSj okD;

cukb,μ

mnkgj.k% iwN μ iw¡N

(d) vk/h μ ------------------------------------------------------- (x) lokj μ -------------------------------------------------------

([k) dgk μ ------------------------------------------------------- (?k) pkVk μ -------------------------------------------------------

okD;&iz;ksx

mnkgj.k% iw¡N μ xk; viuh iw¡N ls efD[k;k¡ mM+k jgh FkhA

(d) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(x) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(?k) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

14- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa dks cksy&cksydj if<+,μ

iqLrosaQ] lM+osaQ] fp=kksa] iQyksa] fpV~fB;ksa

(d) bu 'kCnksa osQ vafre v{kj dks cksyrs le; vkok”k dgk¡ ls fudyrh gS\ -----------------------------

([k) igys crk, x, fu;e osQ vuqlkj bu v{kjksa ij dkSu&lk fpg~u vkuk ------------------------------

pkfg, Fkk\

(x) bu vafre v{kjksa ij dkSu&lk fpg~u vk;k gS\ ------------------------------

¡

¡

12

;kn jf[k,μ;fn fdlh o.kZ dks cksyrs le; vkok”k eq¡g ,oa ukd] nksuksa ls fudys]exj f'kjksjs[kk (μ) osQ Åij dksbZ ek=kk gks rks ogk¡ vuqukfld (μ) dh txg vuqLokj(μ) fpg~u dk iz;ksx fd;k tk,xkA

15- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa esa vuqLokj (μ) vFkok vuqukfld (μ) fpg~u yxkb,μ

(d) liknd (?k) iwN (N) ekykvks

([k) eSus (Ä) oqQflZ;k (t) dkjs

(x) frfFk;k (p) lqnj (>) Åpk

vkvks nksgjk,¡

16- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ lgh :i fyf[k,μ

(d) dkS/us μ ------------------------------------------------ (?k) fdft, μ -------------------------------------------------

([k) lIrkfgd μ ------------------------------------------------- (Ä) iwjrh μ -------------------------------------------------

(x) elfr'd μ ------------------------------------------------- (p) iM+xk μ -------------------------------------------------

17- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksaa osQ cgqopu :i fyf[k,μ

(d) ckr μ ---------------------------------------------------- (?k) dfork μ ----------------------------------------------------

([k) oqQlhZ μ ---------------------------------------------------- (Ä) lk/q dks μ ----------------------------------------------------

(x) gkFk ij μ ---------------------------------------------------- (p) dgkuh μ ----------------------------------------------------

-¡

Kkr jgsμ

oqQN 'kCn ,dopu vkSj cgqopu :i esa ,d tSls jgrs gSaA ijarq ̂ dkjd fpg~u*

vk tkus ij os ^kas* osQ :i esa vkrs gSa] tSlsμ

● gkFkμgkFk ● ?kjμ?kj

● gkFk ijμgkFkksa ij ● ?kj esaμ?kjksa esaa

-¡

13

18- ik¡poha d{kk dh okf"kZd ijh{kk nsrs le; vkius fdu&fdu dfBukb;ksa dk lkeuk

fd;kμbuosQ ckjs esa crkrs gq, vius fe=k dks i=k fyf[k,μ

ijh{kk -----------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------

fnukad μ

fiz; fe=k -------------------------------------

e/qj Le`fr!

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rqEgkjk fe=k@l[kh--------------------------------------------------------------

vkvks fy[ksa

14

cjlrs ty osQ :i vusd

vH;kl

3

laKk o Hksn

jk?ko] ijehr] ”kIkQj vkSj veu eSnku esa [ksy jgs FksA veu osQ nknkth nwj ls cPpksa dks [ksyrs gq,

ns[k jgs FksA os cgqr izlUu Fks fd lHkh cPps bZekunkjh ls fey&tqydj [ksy jgs gSaA xsan ls [ksyus

dk flyflyk vHkh 'kq: gh gqvk Fkk fd vpkud fctyh pedus yxhA

1- Åij fn, x, vuqPNsn esa ls laKk 'kCn Nk¡Vdj fyf[k,μ

--------------------------- --------------------------- --------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------------

--------------------------- --------------------------- --------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------------

2- vc bu laKk 'kCnksa dks uhps nh xbZ Jsf.k;ksa esa fyf[k,μ

O;fDrokpd laKk

15

tkfrokpd laKk

Hkkookpd laKk

lef>, vkSj ;kn jf[k,μ

• fdlh Hkh O;fDr] oLrq] LFkku] tkfr ;k Hkko osQ uke dks laKk dgrs gSA

• ftu 'kCnksa ls fdlh fo'ks"k oLrq] fo'ks"k O;fDr ;k fo'ks"k inkFkZ dh lwpuk feys] mUgsaO;fDrokpd laKk dgrs gSaA mnkgj.kμjkgqy] fnYyh

• ftu 'kCnksa ls fdlh oLrq] LFkku] ;k inkFkZ dh tkfr dh lwpuk feys] mUgsatkfrokpd laKk dgrs gSaA mnkgj.kμd{kk] iqLrd

• ftu 'kCnksa ls fdlh Hkko dh lwpuk feys] mUgsa Hkkookpd laKk dgrs gSaAmnkgj.kμcpiu] cq<+kik

3- uhps fn, x, okD;ksa esa O;fDrokpd laKk 'kCnksa ij ?ksjk yxkb,μ

(d) lHkh yM+fd;ksa us ehuk dks mlosQ izFke vkus ij c/kbZ nhA

([k) jfo us NksVs ckyd dks Mwcus ls cpk;kA

(x) fnYyh Hkkjr dh jkt/kuh gSA

(?k) veu nkSM+dj ?kj esa ?kql x;kA

(Ä) rktegy cgqr lqanj gSA

4- uhps fn, x, okD;ksa esa tkfrokpd laKk 'kCnksa ij ?ksjk yxkb,μ

(d) i{kh pgpgk jgs FksA

([k) lksgu isM+ dh ?kuh Nk;k esa lks x;kA

16

(x) Hkkjr egku ns'k gSA

(?k) os oqQlhZ ij cSB x;kA

(Ä) gesa gjh lfC”k;k¡ [kkuh pkfg,A

5- uhps fn, x, okD;ksa esa Hkkookpd laKk 'kCnksa ij ?ksjk yxkb,μ

(d) uhe osQ isM+ dh mQ¡pkbZ cgqr ”;knk gSA

([k) ek¡ dh eerk dk dksbZ eksy ugha gSA

(x) jlxqYys esa feBkl gSA

(?k) ”;knk dke djus ls eq>s FkdkoV gks jgh gSA

6- uhps nks [kaM fn, x, gSaμO;fDrokpd laKk ,oa tkfrokpd laKkA buesa oqQN laKk 'kCn

fn, x, gSaA mnkgj.k osQ vuqlkj [kaMksa esa O;fDrokpd ,oa tkfrokpd laKk fyf[k,μ

tkfrokpd laKk O;fDrokpd laKk

(d) -------------------unh---------------------- ---------------------xaxk--------------------

([k) ------------------ ioZr-------------------- -------------------fgeky;-------------

(x) -------------------yM+dh--------------- -------------------------------------------------

(?k) -------------------fdrkc--------------- -------------------------------------------------

(Ä) -------------------ns'k----------------------- -------------------------------------------------

(p) ------------------------------------------------- -------------------eksgu-------------------

(N) ------------------------------------------------- -------------------iatkc-------------------

7- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksaa ls Hkkookpd laKk cukb,μ

(d) cPpk μ ----------------------------------------------------

([k) cw<+k μ ----------------------------------------------------

17

(x) vehj μ ----------------------------------------------------

(?k) lq[kh μ ----------------------------------------------------

(Ä) ohj μ ----------------------------------------------------

8- uhps fn, x, vuqPNsn dks mfpr laKk 'kCnksa ls iwjk dhft,μ

ehuk i<+kbZ esa cgqr gksf'k;kj gSA og viuh --------------------------------------- esa ges'kk izFke vkrh gSA

mlosQ lHkh -------------------------------------------- mldh cgqr rkjhIkQ djrs gSaA --------------------------------------------- dks

--------------------------- dh lqxa/ cgqr Hkkrh gSA mlus vius ----------------------------------- eas rjg&rjg osQ -----------------

vkSj ------------------------------------ yxk j[ks gSaaA og ------------------------------------ dks jks”k ------------------------------------ nssrh gS vkSj

vPNh rjg ns[kHkky djrh gSA

vkvks nksgjk,¡

9- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa dks muosQ leku vFkZ okys 'kCnksa ls feykb,μ

^d* ^[k*

ty ekuo

isM+ vkleku

euq"; ikuh

vkdk'k o`{k

10- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ foykse 'kCn (myVs vFkZ okys 'kCn) fyf[k,μ

(d) lq[kh μ ----------------------------------------------- (?k) loky μ -----------------------------------------------

([k) thou μ ----------------------------------------------- (Ä) Å¡pk μ -----------------------------------------------

(x) vkjaHk μ ----------------------------------------------- (p) vf/d μ -----------------------------------------------

+

18

11- uhps fn, x, 'kCnksa osQ fyax cnydj fyf[k,μ

(d) yM+dh μ ----------------------------------------------- (?k) ekyh μ -----------------------------------------------

([k) uj μ ----------------------------------------------- (Ä) lqukj μ -----------------------------------------------

(x) L=kh μ ----------------------------------------------- (p) xk; μ -----------------------------------------------

vkvks fy[ksa

12- uhps fn, x, laKk 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx djrs gq, ,d vuqPNsn fyf[k,μ

ykyfdyk] cPps] iwQy] isM+&ikS/s] [kkuk] ikuh

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