histamine. storage sites highest amounts in mast cells basophilsskinlung intestinal mucosa...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
HISTAMINE
![Page 2: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Storage Sites
Highest amounts in mast cells
Basophils Skin Lung Intestinal mucosa Stomach Brain
![Page 4: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Rlease Primary mechanism during allergic
reactions IgE antibody interacts with antigen on the surface of mast cells
Enzymes as trypsin or drugs as morphine liberate histamine without prior sensitization
Inhibition of release with β2 agonists
![Page 5: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
SYNTHESIS & INACTIVATIONTION
![Page 6: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
H 2
H 1
H 3
H
istamine Mediator
NeurotransmitterCNSANS
H 3
+
+
+
H 1
-ve presynaptic autoregulation
![Page 7: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
ReceptorType
Major Tissue Locations Major Biologic Effects
H1smooth muscle, endothelial cells
acute allergic responses
H2gastric parietal
cellssecretion of gastric acid
H3central nervous
systemmodulating neurotransmission
H4
mast cells, eosinophils, T
cellsregulating immune responses
Histamine receptors
![Page 8: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Histamine receptors antagonists
![Page 9: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Diphenhydramin
( First generation)
Clinical uses :
Insomnia
Motion sickness
H1 antagonists
![Page 10: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Loratadine (Second
generation)
Non-sedatingClinical uses Allergic conditions : allergic rhinitis ConjunctivitisUrticaria
H1 antagonists
![Page 11: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Cimetidine
Inhibitor of gastric acid secretion Used in the treatment of :
peptic ulcers
H2 antagonists
![Page 12: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
BETAHISTINE
Used in treatment of : vertigo in middle ear
H3 antagonists
![Page 13: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
EICOSANOIDS
![Page 14: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
INHIBITORS OF EICOSANOIDS
![Page 16: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Phospholipids Phospholipase A2
Arachidonic Acid
Prostaglandins PGE2, PGD2, PGF2
Thromboxane (TXA2)
Prostacyclin (PGI2)
COX1 & COX2
LeukotrienesLTA4, B4, D4, C4
Lipoxygenase
Drugs
NSAIDs
Corticosteroids
Zileuton
![Page 17: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
ACTIONS
![Page 18: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Vascular smooth muscles:
Potent vasoconstrictor.
PGE2 and PGI2
Thromboxane A2
Potent vasodilators.
![Page 19: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Blood:
PGE2 and PGI2
inhibit platelet aggregation
TXA2 a potent inducer of platelet aggregation.
![Page 20: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
One of the chemical mediators in inflammatory reactions.
Inflammation:
![Page 21: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
-PGF2
-LTs and thromboxane are potent bronchoconstrictors in man → allergic bronchospasm .
Bronchial smooth muscle:
-PGE2 cause dilatation.
![Page 22: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Uterine smooth muscle:
PGE2 and PGF2 → Menstruation/ Dysmenorrhea/ Labor contractions
![Page 23: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
- PGE2 and PGF2 and LTs
GIT smooth muscle:
GITmotility
![Page 24: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
GIT secretions:
PGE2 , PGE1 PGI2
↓acid and pepsinogen secretion .
mucin, water and bicarbonate & Blood flow.
![Page 25: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
PGE2 and PGI2 increase renal blood flow and diuresis.
Kideny
![Page 26: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Central and peripheral nervous systems
Fever: PGE1 and PGE2 increase body temperature.
![Page 27: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
CLINICAL USES OF PGS ANALOGS
![Page 28: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Carboprost
PGF2α ( analog)
1) Abortifacient:
Trigger abortion in first trimester.
![Page 29: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
2) For postpartum haemorrhage
vasoconstriction + uterine muscle contraction
![Page 30: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
(PGF2α analog )
eye drops in open angle glaucoma.
↓ IOP by enhancing outflow of the aqueous humar.
Latanoprost
![Page 31: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Alprostadil
(PGE1analog)
1 -Injected in corpus cavernosum of the penis for some forms of male impotence.
![Page 32: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
2 -In congenital heart anomalies
to keep the patent ductus arteriosus until
surgery .
![Page 33: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Misoprostol
(PGE1 analog)
Peptic ulcer
![Page 34: HISTAMINE. Storage Sites Highest amounts in mast cells BasophilsSkinLung Intestinal mucosa StomachBrain](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649ef55503460f94c08664/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Thank you