history of cryptography.pdf

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Lesson 1: History of Cryptography and its Early Stages in Europe Arturo Ribagorda Garnacho [email protected] Carlos III University of Madrid University Professor Madrid, Spain, September 2010 Video intypedia001en © intypedia 2010 Creative Commons

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  • Lesson 1: History of Cryptography and its Early Stages in Europe

    Arturo Ribagorda [email protected]

    Carlos III University of MadridUniversity Professor

    Madrid, Spain, September 2010 Video intypedia001en intypedia 2010 Creative Commons

  • Ancient Greece Cipher development

    2

    Homer- The Iliad

    Book VI

    Herodotus - The Histories

    Book V - Histiaeus

    Book VII - Demaratus

    Madrid, Spain, September 2010 Video intypedia001en intypedia 2010 Creative Commons

  • Wax Tablet

    3Madrid, Spain, September 2010 Video intypedia001en intypedia 2010 Creative Commons

  • Wax Tablet (Wall-painting in Pompeii)

    4Madrid, Spain, September 2010 Video intypedia001en intypedia 2010 Creative Commons

  • Cryptography Caesar method

    5

    [] If he had anything confidential to say, he wrote it in cipher,that is, by so changing the order of the letters of the alphabet,that not a word could be made out. If anyone wishes todecipher these, and get at their meaning, he must substitutethe fourth letter of the alphabet, namely D, for A, and so withthe others. []

    Suetonius (69 140) The Twelve Caesars

    Madrid, Spain, September 2010 Video intypedia001en intypedia 2010 Creative Commons

  • Cipher Methods

    6

    Substitution

    Permutation (Transposition)

    Product ciphers

    Madrid, Spain, September 2010 Video intypedia001en intypedia 2010 Creative Commons

  • Frequency of the letters (%) in Spanish

    7

    e a o l s n d r u i

    16,78 11,96 8,69 8,37 7,88 7,01 6,87 4,94 4,80 4,15

    t c p m y q b h g f

    3,31 2,92 2,77 2,12 1,54 1,53 0,92 0,89 0,73 0,52

    v j z x k w

    4,80 4,15 3,31 2,92 0,06 0,00 0,00

    Madrid, Spain, September 2010 Video intypedia001en intypedia 2010 Creative Commons

  • Leone Battista AlbertiUffizi Gallery (Florence)

    8Madrid, Spain, September 2010 Video intypedia001en intypedia 2010 Creative Commons

  • Francis Walsingham (1530 - 1590)

    9Madrid, Spain, September 2010 Video intypedia001en intypedia 2010 Creative Commons

  • Franois Vite (1540 1603)

    10Madrid, Spain, September 2010 Video intypedia001en intypedia 2010 Creative Commons

  • Philip II Types of Cipher (1)

    11

    Whatever is to be kept secret should be written in ciphertextfor which you use the general one that I use with all myministers, and the personal one is used for when the businessis so secret that it suits better than the general one.

    Instruction given by Philip II to Diego Guzmn de Silva,Ambassador in Venice.

    Los Espas de Felipe II. Carnicer. C., Marcos, J. La Esfera de los Libros, 2005.

    Madrid, Spain, September 2010 Video intypedia001en intypedia 2010 Creative Commons

  • Philip II Types of Ciphers (2)

    12

    Sometimes, the business you are undertaking may be soserious, important and of such secrecy, that it would not beadvisable to write it in general cipher, so for this purpose youare sent a personal cipher which will not be useful with theother ministers, only with me.

    Letter from Philip II to the Duke of Medina Sidonia, 19th ofJune, 1581.

    Los Espas de Felipe II. Carnicer. C., Marcos, J. La Esfera de los Libros, 2005.

    Madrid, Spain, September 2010 Video intypedia001en intypedia 2010 Creative Commons

  • Spain Philip II Types of Cipher

    13

    General

    Messages between Secretaries of Sate and War, Viceroys,Ambassadors, General Governors...

    Personal

    King or Secretaries of Sate and War with other people

    Madrid, Spain, September 2010 Video intypedia001en intypedia 2010 Creative Commons

  • Cryptography - Stages

    14

    Pre-scientific (artistic) Ancient Times to 1949

    Scientific (Shannon) 1949 to 1976

    Asymmetric (Diffie-Hellman) 1976 to Present

    Madrid, Spain, September 2010 Video intypedia001en intypedia 2010 Creative Commons

  • Contact: [email protected], Spain, September 2010 Video intypedia001en intypedia 2010 Creative Commons

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