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2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 1 History of Landfills and Japanese Strategy ごみ埋立の歴史と日本の戦略 Nobutoshi TANAKA Professor, Dr Eng. , Faculty of Eng. , Hokkaido Univ. , Japan 田 中 信 壽 北海道大学・工学研究科・教授 Source: wastegr2-er.eng.hokudai.ac.jp/home/staff/tanaka/clip/img/2.ppt

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Page 1: History of Landfills and Japanese Strategyeportfolio.lib.ksu.edu.tw/user/4/9/4970N069/repository/固體廢棄物(丁文輝, 2010...stage 3: from engineered landfill to (sophisticated)

2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 1

History of Landfills and

Japanese Strategy

ごみ埋立の歴史と日本の戦略

Nobutoshi TANAKA

Professor, Dr Eng. , Faculty of Eng. , Hokkaido Univ. , Japan

田 中 信 壽

北海道大学・工学研究科・教授

Source: wastegr2-er.eng.hokudai.ac.jp/home/staff/tanaka/clip/img/2.ppt

Page 2: History of Landfills and Japanese Strategyeportfolio.lib.ksu.edu.tw/user/4/9/4970N069/repository/固體廢棄物(丁文輝, 2010...stage 3: from engineered landfill to (sophisticated)

2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 2

CONTENT 話の内容

• History of Sanitary landfill in the world

世界の埋立地の歴史

• Japanese Strategy for landfill

日本の埋立戦略

• Sanitary Landfills in Japan

日本の埋立地

Page 3: History of Landfills and Japanese Strategyeportfolio.lib.ksu.edu.tw/user/4/9/4970N069/repository/固體廢棄物(丁文輝, 2010...stage 3: from engineered landfill to (sophisticated)

2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 3

History of Landfill 埋立地の歴史(1)

① Discard into river 水中への投棄:河川や海への投棄

② Open Dumping & Open Burning:

③ Sanitary Landfill 1930~;衛生埋立:Trench method;

トレンチ工法; ハエ、臭い、飛散の対策として覆土をする

④ Engineered Landfills 1970~ ; 工学化埋立地

1)containment type landfills & 2)natural attenuation

type landfills:有害廃棄物と 非有害廃棄物に分離

⑤ Highly Engineered Landfills 1990~:

MSW Landfill is also regulated to be containment type

公害規制厳しく、非有害廃棄物もそして、二重ライナーへ、 粘土ライナー + シートへ

Page 4: History of Landfills and Japanese Strategyeportfolio.lib.ksu.edu.tw/user/4/9/4970N069/repository/固體廢棄物(丁文輝, 2010...stage 3: from engineered landfill to (sophisticated)

2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 4 G. TCHOBANOGLOUS,etc.: Solid Waste, p.19,1977

Page 5: History of Landfills and Japanese Strategyeportfolio.lib.ksu.edu.tw/user/4/9/4970N069/repository/固體廢棄物(丁文輝, 2010...stage 3: from engineered landfill to (sophisticated)

2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 5 G. TCHOBANOGLOUS,etc.: Solid Waste, p.323,1977

即日覆土

作業面

フェンス

即日覆土のために掘削される部分

埋立終了区画

図 衛生埋立のためのトレンチ工法

この場所か、トレンチの内側にごみを降ろす

元の地面

Page 6: History of Landfills and Japanese Strategyeportfolio.lib.ksu.edu.tw/user/4/9/4970N069/repository/固體廢棄物(丁文輝, 2010...stage 3: from engineered landfill to (sophisticated)

2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 6 A. BAGCHI: Design, Construction, & Monitoring of Sanitary Landfill,p.2,1990

浸出水の水面

廃棄物

最終覆土

地下水面 飽和地下水層

基盤又は超低透水性層

図 自然減衰型埋立地

Natural Attenuation Type Sanitary Landfill

自然減衰型衛生埋立地

Page 7: History of Landfills and Japanese Strategyeportfolio.lib.ksu.edu.tw/user/4/9/4970N069/repository/固體廢棄物(丁文輝, 2010...stage 3: from engineered landfill to (sophisticated)

2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 7 A. BAGCHI: Design, Construction, & Monitoring of Sanitary Landfill,p.3,1990

Containment Type Landfills

封込め型埋立地

基盤又は超低透水性層

飽和地下水層

地下水面

遮水工 浸出水の水面

浸出水集水管

廃棄物

最終覆土

Page 8: History of Landfills and Japanese Strategyeportfolio.lib.ksu.edu.tw/user/4/9/4970N069/repository/固體廢棄物(丁文輝, 2010...stage 3: from engineered landfill to (sophisticated)

2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 8

H. D. Sharma,etc.: Waste Containment systems, Waste Stabilization, And Landfills, p.11,1994

Highly Engineered Municipal Solid Waste Landfills

高度工学化都市ごみ埋立地

図 サブタイトルD:都市ごみ埋立地のライナーと最終覆土

浸出水排水

コンポジット法面遮水工

最終覆土

腐食防止工遮水シート 難透水土層

コンポジット底部遮水工

保護土 不織布 砕石層 遮水シート 難透水土層

廃棄物層

Page 9: History of Landfills and Japanese Strategyeportfolio.lib.ksu.edu.tw/user/4/9/4970N069/repository/固體廢棄物(丁文輝, 2010...stage 3: from engineered landfill to (sophisticated)

2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 9

Landfill is defined as the engineered deposit of waste onto and into

land in such a way that pollution or harm to the environment is

prevented and, through restoration, land provided which may be

used for another purpose. 埋立地とは、環境への汚染や害が防止され、返還(restoration)によって他の目的に使用される土地が提供されるような方法で、陸上又は土中に廃棄物を堆積する工学

施設である。 A containment site is defined as a landfill site where the rate of

release of leachate into the environment is extremely low. Polluting

components in waste are retained within such landfills for sufficient

time to allow biodegradation and attenuating processes to occur,

thus preventing the escape of polluting species at an unacceptable

concentration. 封じ込め型埋立地とは、浸出水の環境への放出速度が非常の遅い埋立地であり、廃棄物中の汚染成分は微生物分解や減衰プロセスが起こるほど十分長い時間埋立地内に保持され、受容できない濃度で汚染物質が漏出することはない。

Definition of Landfills by ISWA (The international solid waste association)(1992)

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2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 10

Step by Step Improvement of Landfills 埋立地の改善step;Waste Management & Research

. Rushbrokk: Getting from subsistence landfill to sophisticated landfill, 17(1), pp.4-9(1999)

stage 1: open dumping to controlled dumping

reduction of landfill working area, covering with soil, cessation of fires and

don’t exclude scavengers if impossible 埋立作業領域を減らす、覆土する、野焼きをしな

い、acavengersを排除できないならそこで働くことを許す。

stage 2: controlled dumping to engineered landfill

control and avoid surface water, extract and spread soil, gather leachate

into lagoons, compact waste, prepare new parts of landfill and improve

isolation from surrounding 表面水が廃棄物内に流入するのを防ぐ、ごみを覆うために土壌

を広げる、浸出水を集めてラグーンに入れる、ごみを小さな層に圧縮する、重機で次の埋立場所を用意する、周辺の地下水からごみを、より隔離するなどの工学的手段(遮水工)を徐々に採用する。

stage 3: from engineered landfill to (sophisticated) sanitary landfill

to a truly sanitary landfill, continuing refinement and the increasing

complexity in engineering design and construction techniques. In addition

preplanned installation of landfill gas control or utilization measures,

extensive environmental monitoring, leachate collection systems and on-

site leachate treatment etc. 真の衛生埋立になるためには、工学的設計と建設技術を洗練し

たものにする。埋立ガスの制御と利用のための設備、環境モニタリング設備、高度に組織化されよく訓練された作業員、詳細な記録保存、及び浸出水集水設備と処理設備が必要である。

Page 11: History of Landfills and Japanese Strategyeportfolio.lib.ksu.edu.tw/user/4/9/4970N069/repository/固體廢棄物(丁文輝, 2010...stage 3: from engineered landfill to (sophisticated)

2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 11

History of Landfill 埋立地の歴史(2)

⑥ Containment Type Landfill, or Engineered Landfill 封込め型埋立地、工学化埋立地 1970~

⑦ Bio-Reactor Landfill 反応器型埋立地 1988 1995年前後から埋立前処理技術開発が活発に

⑧ Landfills of Final Storage Quality 1988 最終安定化物埋立地

⑨ Sustainable Landfill 持続型埋立地 1997

Page 12: History of Landfills and Japanese Strategyeportfolio.lib.ksu.edu.tw/user/4/9/4970N069/repository/固體廢棄物(丁文輝, 2010...stage 3: from engineered landfill to (sophisticated)

2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 12

Bio-Reactor Landfill (微生物反応器型埋立地)

Landfill with the ability of early stabilization

of leachate and wastes by the activation of

biodegradation reaction in landfill layer

埋立地内の微生物反応などを利用して、浸出水

や埋立物を埋立地内で早期に安定化させる機能を持った埋立地

Page 13: History of Landfills and Japanese Strategyeportfolio.lib.ksu.edu.tw/user/4/9/4970N069/repository/固體廢棄物(丁文輝, 2010...stage 3: from engineered landfill to (sophisticated)

2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 13

Technical Methods to Early stabilization 安定化を早める方法

・Leachate Circulation 浸出水循環

・Addition of Buffer Solution etc.

緩衝液などの添加

・Reduction of Organics by Incineration, or Aeration

焼却や通気による有機物減少

・Penetration of Rainfall 水の浸透

・Semi-Aerobic Landfill 準好気性埋立

Page 14: History of Landfills and Japanese Strategyeportfolio.lib.ksu.edu.tw/user/4/9/4970N069/repository/固體廢棄物(丁文輝, 2010...stage 3: from engineered landfill to (sophisticated)

2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 14

What is Stabilization?安定化とは何か

1. Generally speaking, it means the decrease of the pollutant

concentration of leachate and the quantity of lanfill gas.

一般には、「浸出水中の汚濁物質濃度の減少や、埋立ガス量の減少」をいう。

However, strictly speaking

2. Stabilization of the first stage:No influence on the environment

outside the landfill as long as the waste is kept in soil

第一段階の安定化:「土の中にとどまっている限り、外部の環境に影響を与えない状態」;浸出水・埋立ガスの安定化

3. Stabilization of final stage: No influence on the environment

outside the landfill even when the waste is dug out

最終の安定化:「廃棄物を掘り返して大気や雤に曝しても環境に影響を与えない状態」 ;

Waste stabilization, or inert;廃棄物そのものの安定化

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2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 15

Landfills of Final Storage Quality

最終安定化物埋立地 1. Leachate and landfill gas needn’t be treated if the

waste of final storage quality is disposed of.

廃棄物を最終安定化物に処理する。それを埋めた埋立地からの浸出水や埋立ガスは処理される必要がない。

2. Final storage quality is the same property as crust

such as natural sediment, stone, minerals and soil

最終安定化物とは地殻(自然堆積物、石、鉱物、土壌)に非常に似た性質を持つはずである。

Page 16: History of Landfills and Japanese Strategyeportfolio.lib.ksu.edu.tw/user/4/9/4970N069/repository/固體廢棄物(丁文輝, 2010...stage 3: from engineered landfill to (sophisticated)

2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 16

Sustainable Landfill 持続型埋立地1997

1. Landfill so that wastes can be safely reduced to

surroundings whatever pre-treatment they undergo.

Proper site selection, design and management of

landfill site are essential. (Westlake,1997)

埋立地の運転方法や前処理技術に依存するのではなく、廃棄物が安全に周囲環境に同化するようなもの。適切な用地選定、設計、管理が必須。

2. Landfill so that it will be not negative inheritance to

future generation. (Tanaka, 2002)

埋立地が未来世代に負の遺産とならない。

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2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 17

Concept of MSW treatment;都市ごみの中間処理の考え方:

by Stegmann,2002

Waste avoidance発生抑制

Separate Collection分別収集 Recycling リサイクル

MSW 都市ごみ

Disturbing

fraction

不適物

Reusable Materials 再使用可能物

RDF(Refuse Derived Fuel)

MPT;Crushing 破砕、

Sieving 篩分け、Separation選別、 Metal

recovery 金属回収

BPT;Composting堆肥化/

Biogas+aerobic treatment バイオガス化+好気処理

Thermal

recycle Energy

Incineration

Inert Waste

Landfills

Dangerous Waste

Landfills MBP Landfills

Fly ash Bottom

Ash

Energy

MPT:mechanical pretreatment

BPT:biological pretreatment

MBP:mechanical-biological pretreatment

Page 18: History of Landfills and Japanese Strategyeportfolio.lib.ksu.edu.tw/user/4/9/4970N069/repository/固體廢棄物(丁文輝, 2010...stage 3: from engineered landfill to (sophisticated)

2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 18

・Treatment of leachate 浸出水処理

・Landfill gas utilizationガス抽出・利用

・Humidification 加湿

・aeration on site 現場通気

・Treatment of leachate 浸出水処理

・Top capping トップキャップ

・Natural ventilation 自然通気

・Monitoring 監視/モニタリング ・Treatment of leachate by sewage treatment plant 下水処理場での処理

・Natural attenuation 自然減衰

10-15 years after the

end of landfill work

For 2

years

For long time

Post-operation phases for closed landfills埋立終了後の操作;by Stegmann,2002

When generation rate of landfill gas

decreases ガス生成量が小さくなったら

When BOD in leachate decreases 生物分解性成分が少なくなったら

Page 19: History of Landfills and Japanese Strategyeportfolio.lib.ksu.edu.tw/user/4/9/4970N069/repository/固體廢棄物(丁文輝, 2010...stage 3: from engineered landfill to (sophisticated)

2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 19

日本の埋立処分の課題と戦略

Issues and strategy of landfill

in Japan

Page 20: History of Landfills and Japanese Strategyeportfolio.lib.ksu.edu.tw/user/4/9/4970N069/repository/固體廢棄物(丁文輝, 2010...stage 3: from engineered landfill to (sophisticated)

2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 20

Recent issues of Solid Waste Management in Japan 廃棄物処理の課題

1.Illegal Disposal 産業廃棄物の不法投棄

2.Dioxins from Incinerators 廃棄物焼却によるダイオキシン類の発生

3.Water Pollution by Landfill Site 埋立処分場による水質汚染

As a result, その結果

1.Big Social Issues 大きな社会問題

2.Difficulty for Construction of Treatment & Disposal facility 廃棄物処理施設が建設できない

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2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 21

Real State of Illegal Dumping 不法投棄の実態

Amount of illegal

dumping is equal to

about 0.7% of landfilled

waste and 0.01% of

generated waste

不法投棄の量は、埋立量の約0.7%、廃棄物発生量の約0.01%である。

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

19931994199519961997199819992000

0

100

200

300

400

500

The number of illegal dumping

Amount of illegal dumping [thousand ton]

Note: From the recycling-based society white paper in p.126

of 2002 fiscal year

Illegal dumpings of ten tons or more per one, and all of the

special management industry wastes are totaled.

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2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 22

Remainder Years of Landfill Sites 最終処分場の残余年数の経時変化

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1985 1990 1995 2000Remainder years残余

年数

[years]

MSW 都市ごみ DIW 産業廃棄物

MSW:Municipal solid waste, DIW:Designated industrial solid waste

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2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 23

Target for Reduction of Japan

日本の廃棄物減量目標 Table 1 Targets for Reduction of MSW (Unit: million tons/year)

表1 都市ごみ減量目標 (単位:百万トン/年) Fiscal year 年度 1996 2005 2010 2050

Waste discharged 発生量 53* (100) 52 (100) 50 (100)

Recycled  リサイクル量 5.5 (10.4) 10 (19.2) 12 (24.0)

Loss in weight 中間処理減量 34 (64.2) 34 (65.4) 32 (64.0)

Final disposal 最終処分量 13 (24.5) 7.7 (14.8) 6.5 (13.0) 1.3

(Reference) incinerated 焼却率 40 (75.5) 37 (71.2) 34 (68.0) Note: *Waste discharged = collected waste + Carried-in waste + Group collection waste ノート:発生量=収集量+自己搬入量+集団回収量

Table 2 Targets for Reduction of DIW   (Unit: million tons/year)表 2 産業廃棄物の減量目標 (単位:百万トン/年)

Fiscal year 年度 1996 2005 2010 2050

Waste discharged 発生量 426* (100) 460 (100) 480 (100)

Recycled  リサイクル量 181 (42.5) 219 (47.6) 232 (48.3)

Loss in weight 中間処理減量 185 (43.4) 202 (43.9) 216 (45.0)

Final disposal 最終処分量 60 (14.1) 39 (8.5) 31 (6.5) 6.0

(Reference) incinerated 焼却率 18 (4.2) 14 (3.0) 14 (2.9)

Note: The value(*) is estimated by the Cabinet Committee on Dioxin Countermeasures

   ノート:この値はダイオキシン対策閣僚会議によるものである。

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2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 24

Numerical target for recycle-based society

数値目標(循環型社会推進基本計画)

1. Productivity of resources=GDP / Total resources input

資源生産性=GDP/天然資源投入量

210,000(1990)⇒280,000(2000)⇒390,000\/ton (2010)

2. Recycling rate=Recycled / Total resources input

循環利用率=再生資源/総物質投入量

8%(1990)⇒10%(2000)⇒14%(2010)

3. Amount of landfilled waste 最終処分量

110(1990)⇒56(2000)⇒28Mton(2010)

Total;0.77 kg person-1 day-1, MSW;0.16 kg person-1 day-1

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2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 25

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

2000

2001

2004

2006

2008

2010

2050

Fiscal year

Amount of Landfilled W

aste[×

10

tons per year]

MSW DIW

2010:Reduction to

half 半減

2050:Reduction to one tenth

;ultimate waste zero society 究極のゴミゼロ社会

1997:Container & Package

Law 容器包装

1991:Recycle

Law 再生資源利用促進法

Numerical target for amount of landfilled waste 埋立処分量減量目標

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2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 26

Quantity and quality of landfilled waste in landfill

volume minimization society 埋立量最小化社会における埋立物の予測

1. Main composition of landfilled DIW :Sludge38%、Construction&demolition waste 23%、Fly ash9%、Slug8%、Waste plastics6%、Waste glass6%(2000)

埋立産業廃棄物の種類

2. Minimization plan:45(2000)→22(2010)→4.5Mton per

year(2050) 減量目標

3. Required landfill volume from 2000 to 2050=1210Mm3

4. Remainder of landfill capacity at Apr. 2001=176Mm3

Consequently fatal lack of landfill capacity!!

埋立地が圧倒的に不足している!!!

Page 27: History of Landfills and Japanese Strategyeportfolio.lib.ksu.edu.tw/user/4/9/4970N069/repository/固體廢棄物(丁文輝, 2010...stage 3: from engineered landfill to (sophisticated)

2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 27

Quantity and quality of landfilled waste in landfill

volume minimization society

埋立量最小化社会における埋立物の予測

1. Composition of landfilled MSW :Incineration residue 53%、Directly landfilled waste32%、Recycling residue16%(2000)

埋立都市ごみの種類:焼却残渣53%、直接埋立物32%、資源化残渣16%

2. Minimization plan: 11(2000)→6(2010)→

1.1Mton per year (2050) 減量目標

3. Required landfill volume from 2000 to 2050=227Mm3

4. Remainder of landfill capacity at Apr. 2001=157Mm3

Consequently 70% of required capacity is secured!!

埋立地は既に70%を確保!!!

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2003.10.14 JICA・東欧 28

日本の埋立地の現状

Up-to-date Technology of

Japanese landfills

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a)Type C: for Hazardous Industrial Wastes

b)Type A: for No-Hazardous & Non-Biodegradable Wastes

c)Type B: for Non-Hazardous, but Biodegradable Wastes

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Definition of landfills in Japan日本での埋立地の定義

Technical guide line in Japan

1.「指針解説」1977:Wastes is stored properly, stabilized

by using natural attenuation ability in the way that the living

environment is preserved.

Three functions;1)storage, 2)seepage control and 3)treatment 生活環境の保全上支障が生じない方法で、廃棄物を適切に貯留し、自然

界の代謝機能を利用し安定化、無害化することである。貯留、遮水、処理等の機能

2.「設計要領」2001:

Three functions; 1)Storage & treatment, 2)Preservation of the

environment and 3)Restoration of completed landfill site

3つの機能;①保管・処理機能、②環境保全機能、③地域還元機能

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Fig.2 Classification of sanitary landfills by decomposition pattern

(a)Anaerobic landfill

(b)Anaerobic sanitary landfill

(c)Improved anaerobic

sanitary landfill (Improved

sanitary landfill)

(d)Semi-aerobic landfill

(e)Aerobic landfill

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Mechanism of semi-aerobic landfills

準好気性埋立構造の仕組み

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Schematic diagram of typical sanitary landfill

in Japan

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FACILITIES LAYOUT OF NEWEST LANDFILL SITE 最新の埋立処分場施設配置図 (平面図)Plane figure

Refuse storage dam Leachate adjustment pond

Leachate treatment plant

Adjustment pond for disaster

Tunnel for inspection

Leachate pump pit

Debris barrier

Dam for division

Peripheral ditch

Box calbart Peripheral road

Car washer Building for management

Facility for waste control

Road for carrying waste

Road in landfill

Road for maintenance

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FACILITIES LAYOUT OF NEWEST LANDFILL SITE 最新の埋立処分場施設配置図 (断面図)cross section

Leachate collection pipe

Peripheral road

Box calbart

Outside of landfill Inside of landfill

Landfilled waste

Seepage control work

Equipment for refuse dispersion

Outside of landfill

Equipment for refuse dispersion

Final soil cover

Final landfill height

Electric equipment for detecting break of geomembrane

Ground water collection pipe

Peripheral ditch

Vertical gas ventilator

Seepage control work: surface liner type

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Layout of leachate collection and drainage pipes 浸出水集排水管ガス抜き設備配置図

Main LC&DP

LC&DP:Leachate collection and drainage pipe

Semi-main LC&DP

Branch LC&DP on slope

1200mmφ

600mmφ

300mmφ

Vertical gas ventilator 300mmφ

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Seepage control work: vertical impervious wall type

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①Super-Low-Risk Landfill 超低リスク型処分場

・Reinforcement of Liner 遮水工を強化する

・Massive Monitoring モニタリングを強化する

・Landfill with Roof 屋根付きの埋立地

・Landfills with Plate of Steel 鋼板遮水の埋立地

②Minimization of Landfilled waste 埋立ゴミゼロ

・Thorough Recycling 徹底的なリサイクル

・Incineration and Melting, or Making Cement

燃やして灰を溶融する、灰からセメントを作る

?? Too Much Cost and Energy

??コストやエネルギーを使いすぎる!!

Two Measures for NIMBY in Japan 施設忌避に対応する2つに道

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Landffiiled MSW in FUKUOKA city 埋立ごみの組成(福岡市)島岡1992

47.8

25.4

6.1

42.5

47.7

55.3

9.7

26.9

38.6

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

1967

1977

1988

Fis

cal Yea

r

Composition

Combustibles Incombustibles Incineration Residue

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Basic plan of waste management

処分場の基本計画

Construction and management plan of landfill site

処分場の設計維持管理計画

Impact assessment of surrounding environment

生活環境影響調査

Construction work of landfill site処分場の建設

Confirmation of construction

施工の確認

Start of landfilling埋立開始

End of landfilling埋立終了

Maintenace of completed site維持管理 Monitoring of environment環境モニタリング

Closure of landfill site処分場の廃止

Conservation of information情報管理 Utilization of completed site跡地利用

Permission by governor

知事による許可

Watch for landfilled waste廃棄物管理 Control of landfill work埋立作業管理

Monitoring of environment環境モニタリング Check and repair of facilities点検・修復

Permission by governor知事による許可

Participation

of inhabitants 住民参加

Opinions from inhabitants and experts住民や専門家の意見

Disclosure of

information

情報公開

Reserve

fund for

aftercare 維持管理費用の積み立て

Multi soft Barriers ソフト的な多重安全

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Multi Hard barriers ハード的な多重安全

Leacahate

浸出水

Monitor of discharged

water 放流水監視

Monitor of underground water 地下水帯水層

監視

Aquifer地下水帯水層

Watch for Waste廃棄物監視

Solid Waste廃棄物

Adjustment pond for disaster 防災調整

Monitor of discharged

water 溢流水監視

Monitor of discharged underground water

地下水監視

Attenuation by soil土壌の浄化能

Detection of Breakage of FML

破損検知

Rainfall降雤

Monitor of Landfill Gas 埋立ガス監視

Discharge to river 河川放流

High drainage

ability 高排水能

Surface

water表面

流出水

Ground water地下水

Monitor of Leachate 浸出水監視

Leachate Treatment

浸出水処理

Discharge to river 河川放流

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Concept of Landfills 埋立地の概念

①Permanently Managed Containment type Landfill 恒久土中保管型埋立地

②Stockpile Type Landfill for Recycling/Treatment in Near Future

備蓄保管型埋立地

③Bio-Reactor Type Landfill 微生物反応器型埋立地

④Final Storage Quality Waste Landfill 安定化物埋立地

⑤Reactor Type Landfill with Low Load 低負荷物反応器型埋立地

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Requirement for Reactor Type Landfill with Low Load 低負荷物反応器型埋立地

1.Minimization of Quantity 埋立物の制限・最小化

2.Minimization of Organic/Hazardous Matter

処理負荷(汚濁物・有害物)の最小化

3.Maximum Utilization of Bio-Reaction and Clean-up Ability of Soil in Landfill Layer

埋立地の持つ自然浄化能力を最大限利用する

As a Result, その結果

Landfilled waste in soil becomes so as not to influence the environment outside landfill site within 20 to 30 years. 埋立物は、20~30年の間に、土の中にある限り外の環境に影響を与えない状態になる。