History of MicroprocessorsPRESENTORS:

1. Abdullah tariq2. Kashif rizvi3. Arbish tufail

Contents1. Processors2. Basic E lements Of Processors3. Factors Effect ing Performance4. Inte l 40045. Inte l 80086. Inte l 80807. Inte l 80858. Inte l 80869. Inte l 8028610. Inte l 8038611. Inte l 8048612. Inte l Pent ium13. Inte l Pent ium i i14. Inte l Pent ium i i i15. Inte l Pent ium iv16. Inte l Pent ium D17. Inte l Pent ium core18. Inte l core 2

Presenter:Abdullah Tariq

Processors

• A processor is the logic circuitry that responds to and processes the basic instructions that drive a computer. • The Three primary functions of a processor are

I. fetch, II. decode,III. execute

The Basic Elements Of A Processor:Control Unit; Fetches, Decodes, Executes Instructions.Arithmetic & Logic Unit; Performs Arithmetic And Logical Operations On Data.Registers:Fast, On-chip Memory Inside The CPU, Dedicated Or General Purpose.Internal Clock:Derived Directly Or Indirectly From The System ClockInternal Buses: To Connect The ComponentsLogic Gates: To Control The Flow Of Information

Factors Affecting Performance• Increase Clock Speed:More the number of cycles per second the more faster it is.

• Multicore Processors:Multiple tasks are run at the same time on different cores or tasks are split across several cores

• Increase Word Length:Typical processor word lengths are 32bit and 64bit. the bigger the word length, the bigger the operands and the results

• Increase Bus Width:The wider the bus, the larger the word that can be transferred along it Where an address or instruction is wider than the bus, multiple clock ticks are required for processing.

Intel 4004• The Intel 4004 is a 4-bit central processing unit (CPU) released by Intel Corporation in 1971

• It was the first commercially available microprocessor by Intel

• Max CPU Clock rate : 740KHz

• Minimum feature size : 10µm

• Instruction set: 4bit BCD

• Transistors 2300

• Data Width 4

• Address Width: 12 (Multiplexed)

Intel 8008• The Intel 8008 Is An Early Byte-

oriented Microprocessor Designed And Manufactured By Intel And Introduced In April 1972

• Max Clock: 0.2 MHz to 0.8 MHz• Feature Size : 10μm• Predecessor: Intel 4004• Successor: Intel 8080

Intel 8080• THE INTEL 8080   WAS THE SECOND 8-BIT

MICROPROCESSOR DESIGNED AND MANUFACTURED BY INTEL AND WAS RELEASED IN APRIL 1974

• Max Clock: 2 MHz to 3.125 MHz• Feature Size : 6μm• Predecessor: Intel 8008• Successor: Intel 8085

Presenter:Kashif Rizvi

Intel 8085• The Intel 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor produced by Intel

and introduced in 1976

• Max CPU Clock rate : 3.5 to 6 MHz• Minimum feature size : 3µm• Instruction set: 80• Transistors: 6500• Predecessor: Intel 8080• Successor: Intel 8086

Intel 8086• The 8086 is a 16-bit microprocessor chip designed by Intel in early 1978

• Max CPU Clock rate : 5MHz

• Minimum feature size : 3µm

• Instruction set: x86, 16

• Transistors 2300

• Predecessor: Intel 8085

• Successor: Intel 80286

Intel 80286• The Intel 80286 often called Intel 286 is a 16-bit

microprocessor that was introduced on 1 February 1982

• Max CPU Clock rate : 6MHz – 25MHz• Instruction set: x86, 16• Data width: 16• Address width: 24• Predecessor: Intel 8086• Successor: Intel 80386

Intel 80386

• The Intel 80386 ("eight-oh-three-eighty-six"), also known as i386 or just 386, is a 32-bit microprocessor introduced in 1985

• Max CPU Clock rate : 12MHz – 40MHz• Min feature size: 1.5µm – 1µm• Instruction set: x86, 16• Predecessor: Intel 80286• Successor: Intel 80486

Intel 80486• The intel 80486, also known as the 486 or a higher

performance follow-up to the intel 80386 microprocessor.

• The 486 was introduced in 1989 and was the first tightly pipelined x86 design

• Max CPU Clock rate : 16MHz – 50MHz• Min feature size: 1µm – 0.6µm• Instruction set: x86• Data width: 32• Address width: 32• Predecessor: Intel 80386• Successor: Intel Pentium

Intel PentiumPentium is a brand used for a series of x86-compatible microprocessors produced by Intel since 1993

Max CPU Clock rate : 150MHz – 200MHzMin feature size: 0.35 µm – 0.50 µmInstruction set: x86Cores: 1Predecessor: Intel 80386Successor: Pentium 2

Presenter:Arbish Tufail

Intel Pentium ii• The Pentium II is Intel's sixth-generation

microarchitecture and x86-compatible microprocessors introduced on May 7, 1997

• Max CPU Clock rate : 223MHz – 450MHz• Min feature size: 0.35 µm – 0.48 µm• Instruction set: x86• Cores: 1• Predecessor: Pentium• Successor: Pentium 3

Intel Pentium iii• Pentium III brand refers to desktop and mobile microprocessors based

on the sixth-generation P6 microarchitecture introduced on February 26, 1999.

• Max CPU Clock rate :450 MHz – 1.4 GHz

• Minimum feature size : 0.25 µm - 0.13 µm

• Instruction set: x86

• Cores: 1

• Predecessor: Pentium ii

• Successor: Pentium iv

Intel Pentium iv• Pentium 4 was a l ine of single-core central processing

units (CPUs) for desktops, laptops and entry-level servers introduced by Intel on November 20, 2000

• Max Clock: 1.3Ghz to 3.8GHz• Transistors: 42M – 188M• Feature Size : 180nm – 165 nm• Predecessor: Intel Pentium ii i• Successor: Intel Pentium D

Intel Pentium D• The pentium D refers to two series of desktop dual-

core 64-bit x86- bit microprocessors with the netburst microarchitecture, which is the dual-core variant of pentium 4

• The brand's first processor, codenamed smithfield, was released by intel on may 25, 2005

• Max Clock: 2.66 GHz to 3.73 GHz• Feature Size : 90nm - 65nm• Predecessor: Intel Pentium iv• Successor: Intel Pentium core

Intel Dual Core• The Pentium Dual-Core brand was used for mainstream x86-architecture

microprocessors from Intel from 2006 to 2009 when it was renamed to Pentium

• Max CPU Clock rate : 1.3 GHz – 2.6 GHz• Minimum feature size : 65nm – 40nm• Instruction set: 86, 64• Cores: 2• Predecessor: Intel Pentium D• Successor: Intel Core 2

Intel Core 2• Core 2 is a brand encompassing a range of Intel's consumer 64-bit x86-64

single-, dual-, and quad-core microprocessors based on the Core microarchitecture

Max CPU Clock rate : 1.6 GHz – 3.3 GHzMinimum feature size : 65nm – 45nmInstruction set: 86, 64Cores: 1, 2, 4(2x2)Predecessor: Intel Dual CoreSuccessor: Intel Core i3, i5, i7

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