Archytas – wooden bird 400 B.C. Hero of Alexandria – aeolipile 100 B.C. Chinese – 1st Century – accident? Chinese – Kai Keng – fire-arrows 1232 A.D. Mongols – spread rockets to Europe

Roger Bacon – gunpowder Jean Froissart – launching tubes Joannes de Fontana – surface running

torpedo 16th Century – fireworks – Joann Schmidlap

– “step rockets” Legend of Wan Hu – 47 rocket chair

17th Century – Isaac Newton Late 18th Century – early 19th – weapons –

Colonel William Congreve – British War of 1812 – Used at Ft. McHenry William Hale – “spin stabilization”

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935) – liquid propellant – report on space exploration

Robert H. Goddard (1882-1945) – “Father of Modern Rocketry” – liquid propellants

Hermann Oberth (1894-1989) – book on rocket travel into outer space

Wernher von Braun – V-2 Rocket

Sputnik I October, 1957 Explorer I January, 1958

NASA – October 1958