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HIV/AIDS and human rights issues:Civil society advocacy and research艾滋病和人权问题：公民社会倡导与研究

Beijing, China　 　中国 北京

March 2007 2007 年 3 月Joanne Csete 乔安 夏塔Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network

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About the Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network关于加拿大艾滋病（ＨＩＶ／ＡＩＤＳ）　法律网

The Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network (www.aidslaw.ca) promotes the human rights of people living with and vulnerable to HIV/AIDS, in Canada and internationally, through research, legal and policy analysis, education, and community mobilization. The Legal Network is Canada’s leading advocacy organization working on the legal and human rights issues raised HIV/AIDS.

加拿大艾滋病法律网（ www.aidslaw.ca) 通过科研、 法律与政策分析、教育和社会动员促进加拿大及世界爱滋病人及易感人群的人权．该法律网站是加拿大的主要从法律和人权角度关注艾滋病的宣传组织．

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Issues 　问题• HIV/AIDS in prisons• 监狱中的艾滋病病毒／艾滋病

Access to methadone 美砂酮的获得 Access to sterile syringes 消毒针具的获得 Access to condoms and HIV information 安全

套和艾滋病资讯的获得 No need for segregation by HIV status 不能因

艾滋病患者的身份而被隔离

• Criminal law and HIV/AIDS transmission or exposure• 刑法与艾滋病病毒／艾滋病的传播或暴光

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Issues 　问题

Criminal law and HIV/AIDS transmission or exposure

刑法与艾滋病病毒／艾滋病的传播或暴光

• In many countries, HIV+ people are charged with criminal assault if they have sex without disclosing their HIV status

• 在一些国家，如果艾滋病患者不告知对方自己感染而与其发生性关系，将被处以刑罚。

• Criminal law is a “blunt instrument” for changing sexual behaviour

• 刑法对于改变性行为来说是一种生硬的手段

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Issues 　问题HIV testing policy艾滋病病毒检测政策• Informed consent, confidentiality, counselling are being

questioned in WHO and national policy 知情同意、保密、咨询，正在被世界卫生组织和国家

政策所质疑• Many countries choosing to test all pregnant women for

HIV – “opt-out” policies 许多国家正试图对所有怀孕的妇女做艾滋病病毒检测Immigration policy and HIV/AIDS移民政策与艾滋病病毒／艾滋病Drug policy and harm reduction, human rights of people

who use illegal drugs药品政策与损害缩减；使用非法药品人的人权

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Issues 　问题HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination

与艾滋病病毒／艾滋病有关的羞辱和歧视• Workplace, access to medical and dental services, schools

工作场所、医院和牙科诊所、学校• Many cannot afford to take cases to human rights tribunals

一些人无力将案件诉诸人权法院

Income security for people living with HIV/AIDS

艾滋病病毒／艾滋病患者的收入安全Privacy protection and the disclosure of health information

私人保护及健康信息的爆光Intellectual property, international trade and access to medicines

知识产权，国际贸易和药品可及性

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Issues 　问题

Women’s human rights and HIV/AIDS• 妇女人权和艾滋病病毒／艾滋病HIV/AIDS vaccines: legal and ethical issues• 艾滋病病毒／艾滋病疫苗：法律与道德问题Criminal law, HIV/AIDS and the human rights of sex workers• 刑法，艾滋病病毒／艾滋病和性工作者的人权Legal issues facing Aboriginal communities in relation to HIV/AIDS• 土著居民在艾滋病病毒／艾滋病上面临的法律问题HIV/AIDS and human rights of lesbians, gay men, bisexuals &

transgender people• 艾滋病病毒／艾滋病与女同性恋者，男同性恋者，双性恋者和变性人的人权

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Advocacy (1) 　宣传• Media releases, press conferences, media interviews• 媒体发布，记者招待会，媒体采访• Opinion pieces and letters to editor in mass media• 整合意见并邮寄给大众媒体编辑• Briefs and submissions to legislative committees, advisory

bodies• 制作摘要并提交立法委员会，顾问团体• Meetings with Ministers, senior public officials, Members of

Parliament• 部长，高级官员，国会议员会议• Participation in government consultations re: legislation or

government policy, funding, programs, • 参与政府咨询：立法或政府政策，基金，规划

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Advocacy (2) 　宣传

• Action alerts (e.g., by e-mail, web-based)　立法警示（如通过电子邮件或网络）

• Litigation　立法 Ex: intervention in Supreme Court of Canada case

re: criminalization ＥＸ：加拿大最高法院案件干涉 :犯罪 Ex: application to compel introduction of needle

exchange in prisons ＥＸ：申请禁止监狱中针头交易

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Advocacy (3) 　宣传

• Participation in international coalitions and campaigns• 参与国际联合及运动• Advocacy efforts in international fora (e.g., UN

Commission on Human Rights, UNGASS, UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs)

• 国际论坛中的大力宣传（如联合国人权委员会，联合国艾滋病特别联大，联合国麻醉药品委员会）

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Communications & education 交流与教育• Dissemination of publications to members and other targeted

recipients• 向成员及其他特定的接收者分发出版物

Regular mailings, dissemination by e-mail　定期邮件，通过电子邮件发送

Targeted mailings (including international)　特定对象邮件（包括国际邮件）

Resource centre with extensive collection of legal and policy materials on HIV/AIDS and human rights资源中心主要是收集有关艾滋病病毒／艾滋病和人权的法律及政策

• Media outreach　媒体宣传• Website: www.aidslaw.ca　网站 www.aidslaw.ca

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Communications & education 交流与教育Seminars and workshops on substantive legal and policy issues

related to HIV/AIDS and human rights (e.g., local, regional, AGM)

• 有关艾滋病病毒／艾滋病的主要法律和政策研讨会和研讨会（例如地方的、地区的、 AGM)

Conference presentations, info tables (local, regional, national, international)

• 会议介绍，信息表（当地的，地区的，国家的，国际的）Government consultations (e.g., re: national AIDS strategy, Foreign

Affairs consultations, prisons)• 政府咨询（例如，国家艾滋病政策，外事咨询，监狱）

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General contribution of Legal Network法律网的一般性贡献

Augments and mobilizes capacity of legal service providers even if we do not provide direct services

• 即使我们不直接提供服务 ,也要提高和调动法律服务提供者的能力

Human rights issues related to HIV/AIDS are never popular; need special work to keep them on the political agenda

• 有关艾滋病病毒 /艾滋病的人权问题不是一个普遍性问题 ;这个问题需要专项工作使其提上政治日程

Place where the most marginalized persons with the weakest political voice can turn.

• 政治地位最弱的社会最边缘人员的境况能够逆转。

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Some achievements (1) 成果Amendment of Canadian patent law to enable

compulsory licensing of pharmaceuticals for export to eligible countries

修改专利法，使强制许可的药品能够出口到符合条件的国家

Technical assistance to a wide range of organizations in all parts of the world on AIDS and human rights issues

在世界艾滋病和人权问题上为广大组织提供技术援助

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Some achievements (1) 成果Improvement of HIV/AIDS services in prisons (example: new

agreement in Ukraine for methadone and needle exchange) 改善监狱内艾滋病病毒 /艾滋病病服务（例如，乌克兰美沙酮和注

射剂调换新协议）Helped to block Canadian criminal law provisions for compulsory

HIV testing; related local efforts 有助于阻止加拿大刑法中有关强制 HIV 测试的规定；相关地方的努力

Assistance to Thai Drug Users’ Network that helped them get a Global Fund grant

为泰国药物使用者网站提供协助，帮其获得全球基金的授权

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Some achievements (3) 成果 Assisted in advocacy leading to opening of a safe injection site for

injection drug users in Canada (with more to come) 在加拿大为药物注射者开放安全的注射场所提供辩护上的协助（更多的人参加进来）

Main authors of the updated (2002) guideline on treatment access of UN Guidelines on AIDS and Human Rights (Revised Guideline 6)

联合国艾滋病和人权指南的治疗介入部分（ 2002）更新指引的主要作者 Inclusion of human rights commitments in 2001 UN Declaration of

Commitment; related human rights resolutions 2001 年联合国宣言包括人权宣言；相关的人权决议 UNAIDS prevention strategy, UNGASS 2006 political declaration: saving

harm reduction

• UNAIDS 预防策略， UNGASS 2006 政治宣言：救助损害缩减

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Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network

1240 Bay Street, Suite 600

Toronto, Ontario

Canada M5R 2A7

Telephone 电话 : +1 416 595-1666 ext. 232

Fax 传真 : +1 416 595-0094

E-mali: jcsete@aidslaw.ca

Website 网址 : www.aidslaw.ca

Contact 联系方式