Hjernen i socialt perspektiv

Andreas Roepstorff Interacting Minds Centre

Aarhus University

• Fortællinger fra neurofeltet

• Baseret på vigtige genstande (artikler)

• Omrids af et landskab i forandring, metodisk, konceptuelt og måske eksistentielt….

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Presidential Proclamation 6158 July 17, 1990 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation The human brain, a 3-pound mass of interwoven nerve cells that controls our activity, is one of the most magnificent--and mysterious--wonders of creation. The seat of human intelligence, interpreter of senses, and controller of movement, this incredible organ continues to intrigue scientists and layman alike… To enhance public awareness of the benefits to be derived from brain research, the Congress, by House Joint Resolution 174, has designated the decade beginning January 1, 1990, as the "Decade of the Brain" and has authorized and requested the President to issue a proclamation in observance of this occasion. Now, Therefore, I, George Bush, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the decade beginning January 1, 1990, as the Decade of the Brain. I call upon all public officials and the people of the United States to observe that decade with appropriate programs, ceremonies, and activities. In Witness Whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this seventeenth day of July, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and ninety, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and fifteenth. GEORGE BUSH [Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 12:11 p.m., July 18, 1990]

George HW Bush, ukendt pressekonference,1990

Hjernealderen:du er din hjerne! The astonishing Hypothesis is that "You", your joys and your sorrows, your memories and ambitions, your sense of personal identity, are in fact no more than the behavior of a vast assembly of nerve cells and their associated molecules. As Lewis Carroll's Alice might have phrased it: "You are nothing but a pack of neurons”(Crick 1994). Neuropsychology, Neurophilosopy, Neuroaesthetics, Neuroeconomy, Neuropragmatics, Neuropedagogics..

“Wir haben herausgefunden, dass im menschlichen Gehirn neuronale Prozesse und bewusst erlebte geistig-psychische Zustände aufs engste miteinander zussammenhängen und unbewusste Prozesse bewusten in bestimmter Weise vorausgehen…. Geisteswissenschaften und Neurowissenschaften werden in einem intensiven Dialog treten müssen, um gemeinsam ein neues Menschenbild zu entwerfen” (Monier et al, 2004).

“The Knowledge” og den plastiske hjerne

Eleanor Maguire

Ændring gennem træning

Until the Decade of the Brain, scientists believed that, once development was over, the adult brain underwent very few changes. This perception contributed to polarizing perspectives on whether genetics or environment determines a person’s temperament and personality, aptitudes, and vulnerability to mental disorders. But during the past two decades, neuroscientists have steadily built the case that the human brain, even when fully mature, is far more plastic—changing and malleable—than we originally thought. It turns out that the brain (at all ages) is highly responsive to environmental stimuli and that connections between neurons are dynamic and can rapidly change within minutes of stimulation. Nora D. Volkow, National Institute on Drug Abuse (2010) http://www.dana.org/Cerebrum/2010/A_Decade_after_The_Decade_of_the_Brain__Compilation/

Det plastiske årti?

Resonans/spejlhjernen

Pain-no pain (self) Pain-no pain (other)

Men Women

Women Men

aka “ Schadenfreude”

Plasticitet x Resonans

Mary Helen Immordino Yang Community Violence Exposure Correlates with Smaller Gray Matter Volume and Lower IQ in Urban Adolescents (under review)

Byens krigszone?

Immordino Yang, unpublished

Den kommunikerende og forventende hjerne

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Er du din hjerne? The astonishing Hypothesis is that "You", your joys and your sorrows, your memories and ambitions, your sense of personal identity, are in fact no more than the behavior of a vast assembly of nerve cells and their associated molecules. As Lewis Carroll's Alice might have phrased it: "You are nothing but a pack of neurons”(Crick 1994). Ikke så overraskende fund: Måske lærte vi mere om hjernen end om hvem ‘vi’ er?

“Wir haben herausgefunden, dass im menschlichen Gehirn neuronale Prozesse und bewusst erlebte geistig-psychische Zustände aufs engste miteinander zussammenhängen und unbewusste Prozesse bewusten in bestimmter Weise vorausgehen…. Geisteswissenschaften und Neurowissenschaften werden in einem intensiven Dialog treten müssen, um gemeinsam ein neues Menschenbild zu entwerfen” (Monier et al, 2004).

Dialogen er vigtig,men hvilken hjerne, og hvis hjerne??

• The nature of our brains is now considered to have huge implications for who we are, individually and collectively, and on our conduct and our capacities. That is really the phenomenon – the change in the kinds of creatures we think we are, and all the implications of that change – that one has to try to understand.

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http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/usappblog/2014/01/31/nikolas-rose-human-brain-project/

Nikolas Rose

Natur - Kultur

Hjerne

Hvad skete der lige med hjernen?

• Vores forestilling om, hvem vi er, er i stigende grad blevet udtrykt gennem viden om hjernen

• Hjernen er plastisk: ændrer sig som følge af påvirkninger

• Hjernen er åben i forhold til andre

• Træning gør en forskel, i struktur og funktion

• Forestillinger og forventninger gør en forskel

• Fokus på praksis, kontekst, værdier (kultur): hvad bliver vi trænet til at blive gode til?, og hvorfor?

• Den nye viden om hjernen bringer personen tilbage som centralt omdrejningspunkt

Eleanor Maguire Nora Volkow

Tania Singer

Vittorio Gallese

Antoine Lutz Francesca Fardo

Beretningens helt(e)-inder:

Mary Helen Immordino Yang

Nikolas Rose