[học anh văn cùng thầy] developing skills for the toefl ibt 521-560.pdf

8/21/2019 [Học anh văn cùng thầy] Developing Skills for the TOEFL iBT 521-560.pdf http://bsquochoai.ga

1/40

,

\·

impression

of

those

people. We would be better

off

if we

just did

not

learn

about those events

at

all.

Finally

it

is

not important to

learn

about

events

in

other

countries

· because they often will not

teach

you anything about

your

own situation.

Many

worldly

events are so different from the events you may experience

in your

day-to-day life that learning

about them

will

not

show

you how

to live your

life

better.

It

is therefore more important to spend your time

and energy learning about the

lives

of people like you.

Therefore I do not

agree

that

learning

about events in

other

countries

is important

especially if they do not

directly affect your

own life.

associate

10 connect two things or

ideas

together

·

After studying the two sample

responses

give your own opinion on the prompt.

Brainstorm

your ideas

below.

Then writ

or

type

your essay.

·

~

.... ._. ...

__

_.. ...

___________________________________________________________________ _

·

~

[

.

z

-

Brainstorming 5 9 - - - . · .


2/40


3/40

ecessary Skills

l J ' i l M H < m ~ ~ I B U < Z < f i l i ' , 1 1 , _ > : ' : : . < V , ; , ; > ; ; ~ ; - i , , - , - ' ~ - ' f , l • _ . \ ~ · ; ; 1 . • . ; , \ ; ; ; ; · \ ~ - . - , , · , . •

••

•

Stating your opinion or thesis clearly

•

Stating clear and strong

topic

sentences that support the thesis

Strategies

•

Make your thesis

statement

clear and

concise.

•

For

your

thesis,

do not write,

I agree with this

opinion. Restate the

question

when

giving

your

opinion, such as I

agree

that when people reach

a

certain age, they

should no longer

be

able

to

drive.

•

Make your topic sentence

a

summary of

all the points you will cover in the paragraph.

•

Write

clear

topic

sentences that will naturally lead into the rest of the information

in

the paragraph.

Example

Weak

topic

sentence

- I

think cows

are

more

useful

than horses.

Strong topic sentence

-

Cows are more useful than horses for two main

reasons.

nting Thesis

Statements

ilnd Topic Sentences 52


4/40

Thesis

Statements

~ t e p 1

Read the following prompts and sample thesis statements. Underline the words in the thesis

statements that are also used in the prompts.

Prompt 1:

r

.

,,.,,,,.,,

........

,,,,

.

,., ............. -------·-..

-- ·-·--·-------- --------------·-------

..- - - - - ...,..... ,

..... ]

i

Describe a time that you were encouraged to

try

something new. Explain why you decided

: to try or not

to try

it. Give specif ic reasons and examples

to

support your answer.

; ~ • u • • • • - · - · ~

- · ~ -

· · • • • • • • • • · • • •

· ~ - - - - •

• • • • ~ ~ - · - · - · - · - · - - - · - - - - - · - · · - • • ~ • · - - · - - - - - - -

• • • • • · - • • · · ~ - ~ - ~ - • • • • - - - - . · ~ - - - · · - ~ · •

' '

Thesis Statement 1:

When I was twelve, my brother encouraged me

to

try out for a football

team,

but I

decided not

to try

out for two reasons.

·

Prompt2:

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should be taught to

use computers

at

a very early age. Give specific' reasons and examples

to

support your

answer.

Thesis Statement

2:

There are three main reasons why I

believe

that young children must

be

taught

to use computers.

Prompt3:

'

· 1

Describe a place

that

you have traveled and state whether it changed your opinion of I

, I

the place that you live. Give specific reasons and examples

to


.J

Thesis Statement

3:

When I traveled

to

a larger city in my country, it made me realize how

much

I

love

my own town,

and

there are three

reasons

why

I

feel this way.

5 Chapter 5


5/40

Some people like movies that are fast-paced and entertaining. Others like movies that

have deep meaning and make them think. Which type of movie do you prefer? Give

specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

.

Thesis Statement

4:

n my opinion

the

most

enjoyable movies to watch

are

ones

that make you think and I believe

this

for

two reasons.

Read the following prompts. Decide

if

each prompt

asks

you for your experience or your opinion.

Then write a thesis statement in

response

to each prompt.

Prompt :

l ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ · t ~ e ~ t i m · p ~ ~ a ~ ~ ~ e r : ~ ~ · ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; e · : ~ ~

: ~ ~ ; ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~

~ ~ : ~ ~ ~ r : ~ ~ i : i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1

L ~ i . e specific ~ e a s ~ _ n s and examples to support your answer. j

Does

this question

ask you

to

explain

your

opinion

or your

experience? Select

one.

opinion experience

Prompt

2:

Do

you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should never do things

that harm the environment even i they are beneficial in other ways. Give specific reasons

and

examples

to


Writing Thesis Statements

and Topic Sentences

5 3 - - . .


6/40

·

.

Does

this

question

ask you to

explain

your opinion

or your

experience? Select

one

opinion D experience D

Thesis

s t a t e m e n t : ~

Prompt3:

r··---------·-··------------···---·-·-----------·---·--···-··--···--···-·--···----·--·-··-------·--·-----·-·--·-----------------·--· ··

t

Some people

prefer

to spend

all

of

their

money

after

they

earn

it

Others would

rather

save

most of their money to use

later

Which

do you think is

better? Give

specific reasons and

.1·

examples to

support

your answer

Does this question ask you to explain your opinion or your experience?

Select

one

opinionD

experience D

Thesis statement:

Prompt 4:

Describe

one of your skills that you believe

has

helped

you

to

be

successful

Give

specific reasons

and

examples to support your answer

Does

this question ask you to explain your opinion or your experience? Select one

opinionD

experience D

Thesis statement:

~

5 4 Chapter

.

t:


7/40

Topic Sentences

~ M ~ = . ' . l l * = - { i ' l , . v ~ < : . X < ' . > i > O F ; ; , ' t ~ < < · J ; ; . . ' i , i O . < ' M . > t - < : ' i ' - < ' ~ ' : > : ~ ; > , t c ~ . , F . · : . : " " ; ; - . ' ' " ' > : ~ · , _ - · ,

)Read

the prompts and three sentences

that

could

be used

in a response

to each

prompt.

One

entence

is

a thesis statement. Another sentence

is

the topic sentence

of

the body paragraph.

irhe last sentence

is

a reason, example,

or

detail

used

in a body paragraph. Number the

sentences as follows:

•

Thesis statement 1 )

Topic

sentence

2 )

Reason, example, or

detail

3 )

you agree

or

disagree with the following statement? Having fun is just as important for

·1

ad1Jlts as it is

for

children. Give specific reasons and examples

to


There are three reasons why

I

feel that

having

fun

is just

as important for

adults

as it

is

for children.

For example, my dad likes to

play

baseball with me on weekends.

For

one,

I think that adults need

to

be able

to

relax and

have fun

because they work

all

the time.

~ : : ~ r ; ~ : · ·

~ t i ~ ~

~ ~ : ; ~ o ~

~ ~ r e

~ ; ; ~ ~ t ~ ~ : ~

-

· : ~ ~ : t ~ i ~ g . ~ ~ ~ .

~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ : r ~ ~ ~ : ·

Y ~ ~ ~

\

fear? Give specific reasons and examples

to


· --

·

-

. · · ~

-· . -

------ -

.

· · · . . -

I asked for help from a really

nice woman that

I met,

and

she

helped

me

figure out

where I

was going.

Another

way

that

I overcame my fear

was by

telling myself

that

I could do anything

that

I

wanted to.

I once had

an

experience where I

was

scared

because

I went

to

a

new place

alone,

but

I

overcame my fear

in two important

ways.

Prompt 3:

Some people like to try new things as much as they can. Others prefer to

do

things that

they know very well. Which do you prefer and why? Give specific reasons and examples to


I like to try new things because I

get

bored if I do the same thing all the time.

I definitely like to try new

things

as much

as

I can.

When I

tried

joining

my school s

diving

team,

I

found that

I

really enjoyed it.

[

.

·

.

.

l

Nriting

Thesis

S t a t ~ m e n t s and Topic Senten(es 5 5

----


8/40

Prompt4:

~ : ~ : : agree or d i s : ~ ; : : ~ i t ~

~ ~ :

~ : 1 1 : ~ i ; g · : ~ : t : ~ : n · t ; ~ ~ i : : : : ~ i · : : : ~ : : 1 ~ · : : ~ : i ~ : J

I

students to live on campus during their first year

of

university. Give specific reasons

and

·

L . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ s

t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

~ ° ~ ~

~ : e ~ . .

····· ·········

.. .

.. ···············

··· ····· ··· ···· · ·

· · ····

J

( .

(

In my

opinion

universities should

not

require

students

to live

in

the

dormitories for their

freshman year.

Living in

an apartment

is more enjoyable than living in

the

dorms.

My friend got

stuck

with

a

really annoying

roommate in

the dorms.

~ t e p

2

Read the following prompts. Complete the thesis statements.

Then

provide three

reasons or

examples

th t

you would

use

to support

each

thesis in a

response.

Prompt

1:

Some people do not like buying products made by machines because they might be of

lower quality.

Do

you think products made by hand are better than products made

by

machines? Use specific details and examples to support your answer.

Thesis statement: In my opinion products made by hand

products made by machines.

Reason/Example 1:

Reason/Example

2:

Reason/Example3:

Choose one of the ideas you listed above. Rewrite the idea as a full sentence that could

be

used as the topic sentence of a body paragraph.

Topic sentence:

·--

_

________

__ , . ___ __

- ' ' - ; -- ' ' -

_:

__ . :

.

'


9/40

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

You

can tell a lot about a person

by the clothing

that

he

or

she wears. Give specific reasons and examples

to

support

your answer.

.

~ · · - - - · - · - - - - - - · · - · - - · - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - · - - - - - - · ~ - ~ - ~ - - - ~ · - · - - ~ · - - · - - · - - ~ - - , - - - , ~ - - ~ · - - - · · - - - · - · · - - ·

Thesis

statement: I

believe that

y o u -

by the clothing

he

or

she wears.

.Reason/Example 1:

Reason/Example 2:

Reason/Example3:

· Choose one of the ideas you listed above. Rewrite the idea as a full sentence that could

be


Topic sentence:

: :

Prompt

3:

··

.•.

···-· ..............

· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

........................

·· ··

..........................

1

~ a n y

schools take field trips in which they take students out

of

school for a day to visit a

I

place like a zoo. Describe a trip that you think would teach students something valuable.

I

~ - i - ~ ~ - ~ p - e ~ i f i ° r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ s ~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ ~ ~ ~ e ~ ........ .

....

·· .......... __J

Thesis statement: I think

that

a trip to

would

be a valuable

learning experience.

Reason/Example

1:

Reason/Example 2:

Reason/Example3:

Choose one of the ideas you listed above. Rewrite the idea as a full sentence that could

be


Topic sentence:

a

· ~

g

I \

m

.

I

;

I

'

~ r i t i n g Thesis Statements and Tdpic Sentences 5 7 :


10/40

Prompt4:

• • ~ - - • - • •

• • • ~ - - • • O

' '

•••-• ~ • • • . • · • · ~ · · · • • • - , • • - · - - - • • • • - ' > ~ < » - - • - - · - ~ - • · • - · - o ; • • · - - · - • ~ • · - • • - • • ' ' · ' ' ~ ' '

Most people listen

to

music every

day

and many people l e r ~ to play

an

instrument

when they are young Why do you think music is important to people? Give specific

reasons and examples

to

support your answer

Thesis

statement:

I

think that

music is important to people

mainly

because

_______

Reason/Example 1:

Reason/Example2: _________________________

Reason/Example3: _________________________

Choose one o the ideas you listed above Rewrite the idea

as

a full sentence that could be

used as the topic sentence o a body paragraph

Topic

sentence:


11/40

trategies

< ; J . 1 > J 1 ' J \ ' i ' . n V . l t ~ U - ' O < W J ; F . Z l f d C i ' . ' R i ' . : < N : ' f f , . < / : : ; . . , - _ f ; • , · l 1 : ~ . ; ; ~ - f c · H . ' ~ M C . l . l ' 1 • U . ' . l : ; . ' <

' ' ' ' '

,


12/40

Opinion

~ - i . . - ' i ' Z \ ) : : W . - , ; . z - l ; ~ ; ( t l ' , r o , . > ; •,,i•i •

. . . •

. , . , , , _ . , , _ , , , , . , , ~ ; 0 , \ • . ' ' ' - - ' ' ' ' ~ ' · :

. 0 , - . , , , , . , - 1 , , ~ - , -.:_- _-

~ S t e p 1

Read

the prompt and think of ideas

to

list in the blanks.

Sorne people watch the news in order to get their information. Others like to look for information

themselves in newspapers

or

on the Internet. Which do you think is better and why? Give

specific reasons and examples

to


Watching

the

news: Newspapers and the Internet:

easier than

looking for

news

let you search for the news

you

want

lets

you

see and

hear do not have to

wait for

a story

gives just the

information you need

more

depth

to the stories

~ t e p 2

Read the sample response. Think about the role

of

the sentences in

each

part

of

the essay.

Look

for

any transitions

that link the

ideas and underline them. Then

put

the sentences in the

right order.

Introduction:

A) Even though

other

people might

like

to watch

the

news

on

1V

to

get information

about

the world, I prefer to use

newspapers

and

the

Internet

to

get

news.

B)

I feel this

way because

newspapers

and the Internet are

more

accessible,

informative, and easier

to share

with others

than 1V.

Body paragraph 1:

A)

With 1V, I have to wait through other

news

stories

and

commercials before the weather comes on.

B) First

of

all, newspapers and the

Internet are

more accessible

because

I

can find

exactly

what

I

want when

I

want

it.

C)

If

I

want

to know the

weather,

I

can

get

that

information

in

a

few

seconds

from a newspaper or the Internet.

53

Chapter 6

- : < : ~

accessible:

easy

to

use and understand

informative

giving

a

lot

of information

clearly

specialized:

focusing on one particular

thing or

set

of things

tend:

to usually do something

in depth:

in

a ot

of detail

sensational

m a ~ n g something seem

more exciting than it is

devote

to give

time or

effort

to

something

celebrity: .

a

famous person


13/40

Body

paragraph

2:

A)

They

tend

to

feature

stories

that

discuss

issues

in

depth.

B)

1V

news

on the other hand tends

to be

sensational devoting a

lot

of time to celebrities and crime stories.

C) Second

newspapers

and the Internet are

more

informative.

D) They also

make it

easier to learn

about

international

events and

specialized issues like the

environment which

might get

only

minor

coverage on

1V.

Body paragraph 3:

A) You cannot send a story like that with 1V news.

B) If

am reading an article on the Internet

that

think my friend might

like can

simply

send it to

her by

email.

C)

Finally

prefer

newspaper and

the

Internet for

my

news because

they make it

easier

for

me

to share the information that find.

Conclusion:

A) That may not be for everyone but think these sources are better

than

1V

news

because

can access

them

when want

can

stay

informed and can pass on what learn to

others.

·

B)

In conclusion prefer to get my

news

from newspapers

and the

Internet.

[

r

· ·· ·

[

tv1,>king

ldras

How 53

·-----.: ··


14/40

~ S t e p 3

Look back

at

the ideas you wrote in the blanks

for Step

1 Write your own response to the

prompt using one of your own ideas or another idea from Step 1

53 Chapter 6

_

: : : ~ . --,- -,----;-

-- - - - - - - - - - - : - - . - - - - - - - - : - - - - ; - -_ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -_ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -_- - - - - . - - - - - - -

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

.-'

. [.:

if.


15/40

Opinion

~ ' W U i i l l > : l ; ' - ' l I ' : ' ; i ' i i i l l l X ' . - V . ' \ f • \ l l J \ - > ' & J ' . l , > l l ' . > ~ ~ - O ' a " > • - ' 0 - ~ ; < ~ H , o ' . ' _ / ' , " ' ' · " · · < • : - ~ · - , · ~

,-,,._,_,_-

-,· ·

~ ~ ~

~ ' R e a d the prompt and

think

of ideas to list in the blanks.

;i< :

· Do you agree

or

disagree with the following statement? All university students should be

'

required to take literature classes. Give specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Pros of literature classes: Cons of literature classes:

- teach you important life lessons - cannot apply to many

careers

- teach

you how to

read better -

can be

boring

- gives just the information you need - make you

do

a lot of

writing

S t e p 2

Read

the sample response. Think about the role of the sentences in each

p rt

of

the

essay.

Look .for any transitions th t link

the

ideas and underline them. Then put

the

sentences in

the

right

order.

Introduction:

A) All

university

students should

be required to

take

literature classes.

(B) This is because literature

is

valuable

for

what

it

can teach students

and how it can change

them.

Body paragraph

1:

A) It is

important

to

learn

about these things because

we

live in such

a diverse world.

(B) Literature

is one thing that

can

bring

us

together

and bridge

these

differences.

C)

First

of all, literature is valuable because it

can

help students to

learn

about other

people and cultures.

D)

It

can also

help us

understand people

that are

different from

us.

E)

This means

that

people

are

more

connected with

each

other

than

ever before, including people

from

very different cultures and

backgrounds.

bridge:

to

overcome;

to bypass

connected:

able to

communicate

successfully

conflict:

a

disagreement between

people or

ideas

wise

smart

in

terms

of

making

good decisions

dilemma:

a problem that requires

you

to make a difficult decision

attitude:

a set of opinions or beliefs

about something

passion

a very strong interest

[[

i

l vlak1ng Ideas Flow 533

1


16/40

Body

paragraph :

A)

These

are

often

problems

that

all

people

face,

such

as love,

conflict,

anger, loss, and sadness.

B)

Second, literature can

help students become

wiser and more

mature.

C)

Also, when you read literature, you learn about different individuals

experiences

with

these issues.

(0) These experiences can

help

you when you go through similar

experiences.

E)

When you

read and study literature, you learn about

many dilemmas

in life.

Body paragraph 3:

Finally, all

students

should take literature classes because

they

will

help

them

develop

a

love of reading.

This is unfortunate

because

they are

missing a

great pleasure in

life.

Today, fewer young people read than

before.

For example,

Iwas

very lucky that my parents encouraged me to

read when

Iwas young.

That is not the

case

for many of my

peers.

I think

that they would find enjoyment in reading.

If they had been required to take

a

literature course,

I think they

would change their attitudes.

Conclusion:

A) In

conclusion, university students would

benefit by

being required

to

take literature courses.

B) This would

help

students

learn

about other cultures, become more

mature, and develop

a

passion

for

reading.

534 Chapter 6

-


17/40

~ t e p

Look back at the ideas

you

wrote

in

the

blanks for

Step

1 Write

your own response to the

prompt using one of your

own

ideas or another idea from

Step

1

~ .

~

~

.

.

l

Making ideas low 5 5

~


18/40

Opinion

" - l ' X m ~ < R i : < • < I W ? l i V > ~ ~ i . ~ F . V R - ' n m w . : ~ & < : £ ~ . ' i " ~ « - o : i : ~ ' - • ' - ' - ' ' ' " ' " ' ° · ~ ' : - 1 - - . , .,'

.-, - - ~

~ S t e p 1

Read the prompt and think of ideas

to

list in the blanks.

Some people like to plan everything carefully in their lives. Others would rather live each day

without a strict plan. Which do you prefer and why? Give specific reasons and examples to


Careful planning: Living without a plan:

- allows you to set goals

-

lets

you adapt

to

changes

- makes you feel more secure -

lets

you

try new

things

-

reduces

the

chance

of

having

a

problem

-

makes

life

more

interesting

S t e p ~ 2

Read the sample response. Think about the role of the sentences in each part of the essay.

Look for any transitions that link the ideas and underline them. Then put the sentences in the

right order.

Introduction:

A)

This is because I think

it

is better to

have

a schedule that is flexible

to change

and

open to new opportunities.

B) Some people like to

plan

everything carefully

in their

lives, but I

prefer

to

live

each day

without

a

strict

plan.

Body paragraph 1:

A)

The

main

reason I

like

to

live

without a strict

plan is that it

allows

me to be more flexible

to change.

B) For instance, sometimes I intend to go

out

with my friends after

school,

but

then I

get stuck

staying

late

at

school

working

with

a

tutor.

C)

I have to

change

to

deal

with circumstances

like

that.

D) I,

on

the other hand, do not let things

like

that bother me.

flexible:

easily changed

open

willing to

accept changes

strict:

rigid; setting a clear

expectation

tutor

a

person that helps you

understand schoolwork

circumstances

factors that inftuence an

event

·hectic

very busy and unorganized

unforeseen

unexpected

editor

a

person who

determines

the final draft of

a

text

5 6 Chapter 6


19/40

E) People today live hectic

lives and

face

all

kinds of changes.

F) People that carefully

plan too

much get stressed out

by

these

unforeseen

circumstances.

Body paragraph :

A) If I carefully planned all my days, I

would

miss out on interesting

things.

8)

If I had had a

carefully

planned schedule, Iwould have never been

open to that opportunity.

C) Another

reason I

do not plan

too

much is that it

allows

me to take

advantage of

unanticipated opportunities.

0)

I helped her out, and she gave me a ob as the

photographer

for

my

school paper.

E)

Then,

I ran into the editor of

our

school paper who needed

some

photographs right

away.

F)

For

example, I stayed late after

school

one day with nothing

to

do.

Conclusion:

·

·

A) Not planning too

much

has allowed

me to

deal with change in a

positive

way and

to

remain open

to

new

opportunities.

8) To conclude, there are people

in

this

world

who like to

live

by

a

strict schedule,

but

I am not one of them.

l

:

.

VI

.

~

C\

I V l d ~ n g Ideas low

5 7

--·-- '


20/40

~ t e p 3

Look

back

at the ideas you wrote in the blanks

for

Step

1

Write your own response to the

prompt using one of your own ideas or another idea

from

Step

1

5 8 Chapter 6

· ·

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ · ~ ~

· · ·

~ ~ ~

i

\


21/40

OpirBion

l t l U i . " l < Y r : < . r ~ . " ' - ' i ' ~ - < - ~ · . k < ; . , , . ; . : . ' ; ' ; t . " i P - ' ' : i ' ~ ; , ; , ~ ~ ' - ' - - " ' - " ' ' \ \ " ' - " - · h , , ' J _ , ·_ .: _,,,_

;\-;: ;.- :•:

,--

Read

the following prompt.

· Some people prefer

to

be the leader in a group. Others would rather follow the lead of another

person. Which do you prefer and why? Give specific reasons and examples

to

support your

· answer.

. Now look at the outline of a possible response

to

the prompt. First identify which side

of

the

argument the responses support. Then write one more idea

of

your own

th t

supports that

side of the argument.

1.

Leading gives me the opportunity to make the

decisions

I

think

are

best

I find it good

practice for

leading in the future.

3.

~ t e p

Read the sample introduction below. Then

in

the

space

provided

write

body paragraphs

for

two of

the ideas above. Try

to write

three

to

five sentences

for each

body paragraph. Then

read the sample conclusion paragraph.

Introduction:

For a group to

get things

done

in

an efficient and organized manner

it

is often essential

that

they

have a leader. In

these

situations I

prefer

to

act

as the leader rather than

one

of the many

followers in

the

group.

Body

1:

r

'

,

~

z

Gl

Making Ideas Flow 539

··

ll lli f l llll l lllllllllll lllllll lllllll lllllll ll lllllll l ll ll ll llllJlll lll llll lll

. ~ i i i l l l

: _ ; _ ~ ·


22/40

Body2:

Conclusion:

For

these reasons

I prefer to assume a

leadership position whenever

I

am given the

opportunity.

Write your

own

response

to

the prompt in Step 1 from the opposite side

of

the argument.

First

think

of two or

three ideas

for

body paragraphs. Then write a response using

your

ideas.

54

Chapter 6


23/40

Now read the sample response below What similarities and differences do you

see wit

the

paragraphs you wrote?

· a m p l e Response

For a group

to

get things done

iri

an

efficient

and organized manner,

it

is often essential that

they

have a leader.

In

these

situations,

I prefer

to

act

as the leader

rather than one of the many followers in

the group.

One reason I like to lead is

that

leading gives me the

opportunity

to

make the decisions I

think

are the best. For example,

in

the summers I

often go

on

backpacking

trips with

large

groups

of

my

friends.

I

prefer

to lead because that way, I get to make

the final

decision as to where

we go, which peaks

we

climb,

and how

we get there.

Another

reason I prefer to

be

the leader

of

a group is that I

find

it

good practice for leading in

the future.

Almost

every

career

requires

some

kind of leadership

skills.

Even if you start out

at the

bottom

of a

corporation,

you

eventually work your way

up

the business hierarchy

dnto some kind

of management

position. I

think

it is

important

to develop

·'· the skills

it

takes to be a

good

leader as soon as possible.

« ~ ·

Lastly,

I

prefer

to

lead

because

as

a

leader,

I

get

more

respect

than

as

a follower. Because Iam responsible for the safety and success of an

entire group, the

members

of

that

group

tend

to look

up

to me and listen

to what

I say. When one

of my backpacking

groups

ran into

a

huge

snowstorm one year,

nobody

questioned my decision to turn back. In

fact, niany

of

them

thanked

me

for

keeping them

out of

danger.

For

these

reasons, I

prefer

to assume a eadership position

whenever

I am

given

the

opportunity.

essential:

necessary

follower:

a person who

lets

other

people

lead

a group

hierarchy:

a

system

of organizing

people

respect:

to

regard someone

else's

choices

or

actions

highly

look up to:

to admire someone

question:

to

have doubts

about

something

turn back:

to

return the

way

that you

c me

assume:

to start

to

control

something

I

[

l

I

I

z

'

[

I

[

i

I

i

ivlar:in9 :ueas Flow 54


24/40

Opinion

= 1 ; : ; ~ . ; l l ~ ; , - , , , \ \ t , ; 1 - ( , J > ? i . ( ; h i < l > . < -

• ;

; ' ' •- '

~ , · , , ,. ;.,

~ S t e p

Read

the following prompt.

Is

it

better to get advice from a parent or from a friend? Give specific reasons and examples

to support your answer

Now look at the outline of a possible

response

to the prompt.

Then

write the thesis

and

the

conclusion.

Key point

1:

Parents can be more knowledgeable than

friends

Key point 2: Parents

do not

give bad

advice

Key

point 3:

Parents will recommend what is the best for

you

Conclus ion

~ S t e p :2

Now write

an

introduction

and

a conclusion for the prompt in

Step

1 Use

your thesis

and

conclusion from

Step 1 Try to

write three to five

sentences

for

each

paragraph.

Introduction:

54

Chapter G


25/40

~ t e p

3

·Write your own response to the prompt in Step

1.

First

think of two

or

three ideas for

body

paragraphs. Then

write a

response

using your

ideas.

Body

Paragraph 1:

~ ~

Body Paragraph 2:

~ ~ ~

Body

Paragraph

= ~

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Making c eas Flow 54

.:·

\

r

:

l

:


26/40

~ t e p 4

Now read the sample response below What similarities and differences

o

you see with the

paragraphs you wrote?

When

you

are

stuck

in a tough situation

and you

do not know

what

to

do

about it it is only natural to

seek

advice. In most situations I

think

it is

better

to go to a

parent

for

advice

than to a friend.

One

reason why

I hold

this belief is because

your

parents

are often

more

knowledgeable

than

your

friends. Your parents have

already gone

through many of the

situations

you are going through. In hindsight they

often have figured out which

solutions

work and which do not. Therefore

they

may

be

able to answer many of

the

questions and concerns your

friends

will

not

be

able

to

answer.

Also I think it is

better

to ask your parents for guidance because they

are less likely to give you bad

advice.

Your friends may be preoccupied

with

things

like

acting

cool or wanting to be accepted. They may

advise

you

to

do things

like

spend your

money

on

clothes

when

it may

not

actually be in your best interest to do so. Your parents

on

the other

hand

are more

removed

from

the

immediate situation and

thus

are

better

able to see

clearly

which solutions are best.

Lastly

I

think

you

should

ask

your

parents

for advice

rather than

your

friends

because your parents

will always

support

you. While

your

friends

may turn their backs on you or even desert you your parents will always

be there to help you.

Most

of

the time

your parents will

spend

as much

time

with

you

as is

needed to

solve your

problem.

In

conclusion

I hink that

you

should

almost

always

go

to your parents

for advice rather than seeking advice from a friend.

stuck:

unable to solve

a

problem

natural:

reasonable n

a given

situation

seek:

to look

for something

hindsight:

the ability to

look

back

on

past events

and

judge them

preoccupied:

thinking

about other things

removed:

to

be

separate from

something

turn

one s

back:

to

stop

helping

somecne

desert:

to

leave someone

in

a

situation where they

need

help

----

·-----------·

5 Chi-lpter 6


27/40

Opinion

I M > M n » ' W c ; w . i : u > J ' : , . T , . l : ; \ : l " i t l W < < . ' : > ~ < ' i ' . ~ ~ = - " " ~ " > l l J i l ~ : ; ) H < \ ~ Y . ~ t : , ~ P ~ ~ " ' - ' " \ · <

.

•>

Read the following prompt.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

It

is important for people

to

learn

the customs

of

a country when they visit. Give specific reasons and examples to support

your answer.

Now look at the outline

of

a possible response to the prompt. First identify which side of

the argument the responses support. Then write one more idea

of

your own that supports

that side of the argument.

I

agree

that

it

is

important to

learn

the

customs

of

a

country

when

people

visit.

Key point 1: You will

learn

about behavior to avoid that

may be offensive.

Key point 2: You

will be

better able

to communicate

with people.

Key

point :

~ S t e p 2

Read the sample introduction below. Then in the space provided write body paragraphs for

two of the ideas above. Try

to

write three

to

five sentences for

each

body paragraph.

Then

read the sample conclusion paragraph.

Introduction:

When you visit

another

country, you often witness a variety of

customs much different

from your

own. I agree

that

it

is

important for people to learn these customs when they

travel to

a foreign country.

Body 1:

Making

Ideas F ow 5 5 •

.


28/40

Body

2:

. \:

Conclusion:

In conclusion I think that it is

essential to

learn the

customs

of a

country

you

are

planning to

visit.

~ S t e p 3

Write your

own

response

to

the prompt in Step 1 from the opposite side

of

the argument.

First

think

of two or

three ideas

for

body paragraphs. Then

writ

a response using your ideas. <

:\.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

5 6

Chapter 6

- ~ - - ~ · o -

_ ___ ~ · ~ - -- · --•


29/40

Now read the sample response below. What

similarities

and differences do you see with the

paragraphs you

wrote?

• Sample

Response

When you

visit another

country,

you often witness avariety of customs

much different from your own. I agree

that

it is important

for

people to

learn

theses customs

when

they travel

to a

foreign

country.

First

of all, learning

a

country s customs

helps you

avoid

embarrassing

situations

or

miscommunications.

In

many African

countries, for example,

it

is

considered

very

rude

to touch

a

person or

eat with

your

left

hand.

Ignorance

of such a

custom

would certainly cause you to offend many

of

the people you meet.

On

the

other

hand,

if you learn

acountry s

customs,

you

will be able

to get

along

with its people quite well.

Secondly, knowing

the

customs of

a

country

you

are visiting shows

locals that

you are genuinely interested

in

their country and that you

\respect

its

people.

In

the

days of colonialism, many colonists blatantly

, disregarded

the

customs

of

the

locals and therefore angered many of

~ t h e m .

When you

visit another country, it

is

important to remember that

,

you

are

a

guest

of

the

people

who

live

there.

As

such,

you

should

respect

their customs,

and in

order

to

do

so, you must learn them.

Finally,

it is important to

learn

a country s customs because it allows

you to communicate with people. Often, people use certain gestures or

greet

each

other in

a unique way.

Knowing what

these

gestures

and

greetings

mean

and what they

are will make

it

much easier to meet

people and get

any

information you might

need.

In conclusion, I

think

that it is essential to learn the customs of a

country

you

are

planning to visit.

witness:.

to see something happen

custom:

something that people in a

particular culture usually

do

embarrassing:

making you feel

self-conscious

or

silly

miscommunication:

misunderstanding

offend:

to

make person upset

because of something that

you

do

or

say

local:

person who

lives

in

particular

place

blatantly:

in n obvious way ,

gesture:

movement of

one s hands

or

head to

communicate

message

I

I

'

Making Ideas Flow

5 7


30/40

Instructions Choose the

best

word or phrase

to complete each

sentence.

1 Some

people

are

more

when it s

quiet,

while others work better

with noise in the

background.

(A)

abundant

(B)

productive

(C)

linear

(D) traditional

2

Emily had

to

the fact that

she

didn t study

enough for

the test

and

got

a

poor grade.

(A)

face

(B) eradicate

(C)

post

(D) refuse

3.

I

found the

movie

extremely

I can t believe that

it

got

such

good

reviews.

(A) adequate

(8) significant

(C)

engaging

{D) dull

4.

The

company did

not have

enough

o

get

the

job finished, so

it hired more

people.

(A)

programming

(8) access

(C) manpower

(D)

signal

5. The committee has

been busy planning the

picnic for former_students

of

the

university.

(A) resources

(8)

alumni

(C)

challenges

(D) posters

548

Vocabulary

Review

6.

Stuart

is

a

v ry young

man, so he

should

have no

trouble

finding

a

job.

(A) unstable

(B) scarce

(C) well-rounded

(D)

distracted

7

Some

people

do not understand the

importance of

recycling

in

efforts

to

save the environment.

(A)

waste

(B) signals

(C) pride

(D) globes

8 The

company s of

a

large

sum

of money allowed the

new

park to be

built.

(A)

impression

(B)

contribution

(C)

tradition

(D) association

9. I

would

like

to go to

the

movies.

I could just watch

television at

home

and

save money.

{A) Hardly

(B) Primarily

(C) Swiftly

(D) Conversely

10.

I

decided

I

needed

a ,

so

I

signed up to run a 15-kilometer marathon

next month.

(A) crisis

(B)

challenge

.

(C) forum

(D) program

i;,

· · ~ · ·

i


31/40

11

The library has many to help

students

who

are researching topics for

reports.

A) finances

B) impressions

C) portrayals

D) resources

12 George is

to

building a

treehouse for his nephews in his sister s

backyard.

A) ensured

B) distracted

C) dedicated

D) associated

13 The new Italian restaurant is going to

ts

menu

on

its website so

·

people can

see it.

A)

vaccinate

, B) pacify

(C)

refuse

D) post

14

I

have

never been

good at

math,

so

I

with it the whole time I was

at school.

A) struggled

B) dropped

C)

concentrated

D) retained

15 Everyone who works with Charlotte is

amazed

at

how

good she is at

A) poverty

B) popularity

C) multitasking

D)

access

Instructions: Choose the

word or phrase closest

in meaning

to

the underlined word.

. 16

I was so

interested

in reading my new book

that I didn t realize how late it

was.

A) valued

B) engaged

C) unstable

D)

linear

17

In

order for antiques

to keep their value,

they must

be

treated

very

carefully.

A)

retain

B) ensure

C)

refuse

D) portray

18

It

is typical

in

some

countries to

put out

milk and

cookies for Santa Claus

on

Christmas Eve.

A)

productive

B) dedicated

C)

scarce

D)

traditional

19

Cleopatra is usually

described

as very

beautiful, though some historians doubt this

is true.

A) portrayed

B) associated

(C)

eradicated

D) replicated

20. She felt a

lot

of

satisfaction

when she found

out that she had achieved a perfect score

on

her

exam.

A) cns1s

B)

value

C)

pride

(0)

signal

~

]

~

[

•

·I

I

.

I

Vocabulary Review 549 · - - · · .


32/40

21

They

were pleased

to

discover they could

QW

for

a trip

to Europe

this

summer

for the

entire

family.

(A)·

pacify

(B)

finance

(C) refuse

(D) postpone

22 The flight had been overbooked, so there

was not

enough

seating on

the

plane for

everyone.

(A) sc


33/40

· ; . ~ · ; n s t r u c t i o n s : Write the missing words.

Use

the

words

below to fill in the

blanks.

ensure

run into

· access

•·abundance

scarce

generate ·

preferred

·

crisis

significance · :

globe

·

There

is a lot of

31

to the rising costs of power around the

32

It shows that

_______

as

our

non-renewable sources of energy such

as

coal and

oil are

becoming more and

·· more 34 The

Earth

simply

cannot 35 enough

resources

to

meet

the world's

energy

needs.

However,

using

renewable power

sources

like

·· win·d

and

solar can 36

that we do not

37 energy

problems. More countries

are

gaining

38

to renewable power

sources in the form of wind farms

and

solar

power

plants.

Unlike non-renewable

sources, there will always be an

39

of sunlight and

wind.

In

fact, renewable

energy is quickly

becoming

the

40

method of power

for many

people

and

governments.

Instructions

Choose one

word in each group

that does not

belong.

41 give

provide

design

supply

42

pacify

calm

value

peace

43 unbalanced

unstable

uneven

unproductive

44 focus

attention

disadvantage

concentration

45 copy

replicate

portray

repeat

. nstructions Label

each

pair

of

words as

similar

S)

or

opposite

(0).

46

poverty

wealthy

47

refuse

reject

48

associate

connect

49

distracted

focused

50

design

plan

I

I

[

f

i

.

:

•

[

[ .

·

;

[

;.·

Vocabulary

Review 551

_

" " " ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ) 1 1 1 1 ~ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ~ - -

l l l l l l l I ~ . . ; ~

_

. -·-·-

~ ~ ·

'-----·----

_

: . ~ .. . , , , ..


34/40

Instructions Choose the

best word or

phrase

to complete

each sentence.

1

I m

on this chemistry

exercise and I ust can t figure it out.

(A)

natural

(B) strict

(C) wise

D) stuck

2 He

says he

has always

his

older

brother

and

grandfather

as role

models.

(A)

offended

(B) tended

(C)

looked

up to

D) turned

back

3

She was late because she

a

car

accident and

had to

fill out a report

about what happened.

(A)

witnesses

(B)

deserted

(C) connected

D)

devoted

4.

The

academic support center

has

that can help you out in

any

subject.

(A)

locals

(B)

tutors

(C) editors

D) celebrities

5.

My

parents

both believe a good

education

is

for

a

successful

future.

(A)

flexible

(B)

removed

C)

essential

D)

hectic

552 Vocabulary

Review

~ - ~ ' U ' i t l < W < J ' > l l i ' ; t . . - < m O ' • ¥ , : : · • - • - -

.-· }

6 Many explorers

have

gone

out

to

'

the

Fountain of Youth, but

g

.,

none

have found it.

·

(A) seek

-,}

•

B)

desert

i

(C)

connect

J

i

D) devote

j

.,

7

Cais and dogs to

fight,

.

'

i

but

sometimes they

can

also

become

'

friends.

(A)

offend

j

l

(B) assume

·.1

(C)

tend

f>t

D) refuse

i

;j ji

h

8.

My best friend is always reading about

her

' ·

favorite

in

entertainment

*,r,

magazines.

(A)

celebrity

(B) alumni

{

(C)

conflict

fl·

D)

gesture

,

9

It is

often said

that younger people

should

their

elders and speak to

them

politely.

;p;

(A)

f

ensure

(B)

desert

(C) respect

D)

pacify

}( ,

'> il'

O They

aren t

very when it

omes to making financial

decisions,

which

.


35/40

·

11 Everyone says that you

should always

be

honest, but

sometimes being too honest

people.

(A)

vaccinates

(B)

drops

C) respects

(D) offends

12 The

professor is

very

about students attending class

every week.

(A) flexible

(B)

strict

C) specialized

(D)

unstable

13 She

has

a very strong

for

helping animals,

so

she joined an animal

rights group.

(A) forum

(B) dilemma

C)

passion

(D)

field

14

Personal computers have become a

lot

more since they were first

marketed.

·(A) natural

(B) open

C) embarrassing

(D)

accessible

15

The media seem to create more

news

stories instead of

just

reporting the

facts.

(A)

financial

(B)

sensational

C)

devotional

(D)

digital

Instructions: Choose

the

word

or phrase closest

in

meaning

to the underlined word.

16 I

really

have

to doubt whether he really

wants to be a part of this team

due

to

his

attitude.

(A)

associate

(B) struggle

C) assume

(D) question

17

Karen

is

facing

the

problem

of

not knowing

which university

she

wants to

attend.

(A) dilemma

(B)

gesture

C) hindsight

(D)

resource

18. Everyone has had uncomfortable moments

in life when they just want to disappear.

(A)

flexible

(B) embarrassing

C)

essential

(D) informative

19

The

wild

strawberries at my uncle s

farm

were

so plentiful

last

summer that

we

ate

them

for

dessert

nearly every

night.

(A)

suburban

(B) linear

C)

abundant

(D) sensational

20.

His

opinion toward life

is really

positive,

which

makes

him really fun to be

around.

(A) attitude

(B) passion

C) popularity

(D)

pride

· ~ i · .

.

c

z

l

[

i

l

VI I

O

z

l

q '

;:;

'

.

I I

i

Vocabulary Review 553 ~ ; ·


36/40

21

Between

work

and school, my

schedule

has gotten

pretty busy

lately.

A) unforeseen

(B) hectic

Cl removed

D)

specialized

22 Sometimes

events happen

that

keep us

from

doing

the things

we

really want to do.

A) conflicts

B)

connections

C)

customs

D)

circumstances

23

He made

a

movement

that meant

he

wanted

me to

follow

him

into

the

sporting

goods

store.

A)

hierarchy

B) miscommunication

C)

gesture

D) follower

24

Due to

an unexpected snowstorm, school

was cancelled for the day which made

the

students

happy.

A)

unforeseen

B) accessible

C) informative

D)

adequate

25

I

have

a

lot of

admiration for people

who

have

overcome difficult obstacles in their

lives.

A)

flexibility

B)

respect

C)

preoccupation

D)

dedication

554 Vocabulary eview

: . ; ; . o < : ... j ' ' ; , ; . ; , ~ . , ; , ;;,;c:;,_.,;;,,;,;c.;;,;,::;:;,;c :.; :::c;;;; :;:;c;;; ;;; ;:c;_ ;;;;;;;; ,;;.

26

They had

a disagreement about

how the

project should be completed, but

they

worked it out.

A) preference

B) memo

C)

passion

D) conflict

27

My schedule is

pretty

changeable, so

just

let me know when you want to

get together

for lunch.

A)

removed

B) open

C) flexible

D) informative

28 In medical

school,

students take

a

lot

of

focused courses relating

to the field of

medicine

they

are interested in.

A) · traditional

B) resourceful

C)

scarce

D) specialized

29

It

is reasonable to be frightened

when

watching scary

movies

on television

late

at

night.

A)

stuck

B)

natural

C)

strict

D)

hectic

30 I

don t

know why

she

bothered

even to

come

with

us when she obviously didn t

want to.

A) adequately

B) conversely

C) blatantly

D) digitally

(


37/40

Instructions: Write

the

missing words. Use

the

· words

below

to

fill in

the blanks.

connected

·

turn back

hectic

devote

hindsight

desert

open

removed

attitude

preoccupied

Ji \ : In today s busy society, it is

easy

to become

' : f , ' : ' ~ · ; , : _ t :

· i \ i ' N t 31 with our own

lives

and

i f ; { . · ~ ~ : ; .

, t ~ ; , ' { become 32 from

the

lives

; w -

. j iib

of our

friends. However, it

is

very important to

.

· · ~ · · ·

..

.

i ~ F

.

stay

33 with

them and be

:,; fj 34 to making

changes

in

. ~ r ; ; ~ : : .

, order to do so.

Although our

lives may be

•

extremely 35

it is not

..

·

acceptable

to

36

one s

-·::;-

·

friends. If you have

the 37

that you are too busy

for them,

there will be a

d a ~ · when they

will

be too busy for you

when

you need help. In

38

you will

wish you

had

not ignored them, but

it will be too late to

39

and change things. So make sure you

40 time

to your friends.

Instructions: Write

the

missing word. Use the

words below to fill in

the

blanks.

off

out

off

so

up

41

The

game

was called and

rescheduled

because of

the bad

weather.

42

I called to ask if you

want

to go

onight.

We

could

see a

movie.

43

She was

upset that

she

failed her midterm exam.

44

We

did not buy

the

sofa

because

we

thought it would take too

much

room.

45 People often think everyone

else is

better

han they are.

Instructions: Match the words that

are

opposites.

46

removed

47 strict

48 unforeseen

49 follower

50 conflict

(A)

relaxed

(B) leader

C) attaohed

(0) agreement

(E) expected

/ j

·

Vocabulary Review 555 1

I


38/40


39/40


40/40

[học anh văn cùng thầy] developing skills for the toefl ibt 521-560.pdf

Documents