[học anh văn cùng thầy] developing skills for the toefl ibt 760-end

8/9/2019 [Học anh văn cùng thầy] Developing Skills for the TOEFL IBT 760-EnD http://bsquochoai.ga

1/36

~ ; ,

__

. j

1.

YES

NO

The

student

is

looking

for

a job

/

that begins immediately.

The student will work in

the

/

bakeshop.

The student hopes

to begin

/

working as soon as possible.

Summary:

A

student

wants

to

sign up for

an on-

campus job, so

she visits the student

employment

office. The employee

tells

her about

the

bidng process.

First, she

must

go through an official interview.

Then she must

go

to an

orientation session.

Last,

there

is

a

training period

that

occurs

after

she

begins

work.

5 Environmental

Science

How Mountains Grow

Cause Effect

Subductio_n f one continental plate

slides under another Mountains

get

Global w a r ~ j n g glaciers melt, relieve taller

over

time

pressure

1.

The Andes are

so

tall because

of earthquakes.

Mounlains can be formed by

plate collisions. ·

The

process of global

warming

is affecting the height of

some

mountains.

YES

NO

/

/

/

Summary: The professor talks about why some

mountain

ranges are

taller than others.

He

says that

this is

sometimes

caused

by Q .alSl

collisions. This

happens when

two

of the

Earth s plates

come

together. The professor also

discusses

gjQQfil

warming as

a

cause. Glaciers push down on the

Earth.

But when

they

melt,

the Earth smings back

lJll.

and mountains

grow taller.

06 History

Confucianism

Topic

Effect

Shaped ideals

of

family and

Confucianism in

northeast

social organization

Asian countries

Can

lead

to liarmony

in

workplace

1. C)

.

2. (B) 3. A)

Summary:

The professor

discusses

the

effects of

Confucianism on

northeastern

Asia.

In

particular,

the professor mentions how Confucianism affected

the culture

of

J ai;IBn First

of all, its

influence can be

seen in

how

people

rel


2/36

08 Service Encounter

Questions Answers

How much student activity 560 per semester

fee is

What student

activity

fee University events like Spring

is used

for

Weekend

Student services

YES

NO

The

student wants

to

find

out

how much the fee

is

and what it

/

is

used

for.

The

student

activity fee doesn't

/

include

campus events

The student activity fee

is

used

/

mostly

for

campus services.

Summary: The

student

asks about the student

activity fee.

He wants to know how much

it

is and

Summary: The professor explains the

weather

patterns on the

surface of J.. JQilfil.

She describes

its

unique

colors, which

are

caused by

the rotational

. of the planet along with the process of

convection. These two things together

cause

bands

of

colored

gases

to wrap around the planet.

The professor also discusses the

Great

Red Spot,

which is a hurricane maintained by the planet's

fast

rotational speed.

10 Biology

Alleles

Definition

Role

Types

Sequences of

Determine the Dominant - only

genes on

a appearance of

need one allele for

specific

specific

tr8 its trait to

appear

chromosome

Recessive

need

two

identical alleles

for

trait

ta appear

what

it .is

used

for.

He

is told that it

helps pay

for

1.

,

both university

events, which

are arranged by student

organizations, and is also used for

various

services.

A few

services mentioned

by

the

woman

are

the

weekly newspaper,

computer and library

facilities,

and free on-campus

transportation.

09

Astronomy

.

Weather

Patterns on Jupiter

I

- - -

Classification

·

Bands of color

Great Re.d Spot

1 - - - ~ - - - - - + - A _ t m o s e

Similar

in n_ature

to a hurricane

1

Caused by

I

convection

i

Dark

and light

ired

color

Description

j Convection

creates

color

f

ands, rotational speed

wraps them around planet

300-year-old

hurricane

1

aused by rotational speed

and

lack of

land

heric Bands Great Red Spot

/

/

/

- ·

76 nswer

Key

1

YES

NO

Alleles

determine the

appearance

/

of

a

character

trait.

Alleles are made up of

/

chromosomes.

There are four different types

of

/

alleles.

·

Summary: The

professor

discusses alleles, which

are a pair of that are

located

on a specific

chromosome.

The professor talks

about their

role,

which

is to determine specific

traits.

The professor

then

discusses

how this occurs by defining

dominant

and recessive alleles.

1 Environmental Science

r · Types

of

Seas ]

[ 0 ~ n e ~ n

_

IMarg._in_a_I______

Water circulates as a result otfwater circulates as a result of

j changes

i n

water temperature Iocean currents i

1

and density

J

__J

l

li-mitS d-··--1--Curren.

ts ]

art

of o ~ e n

-Currents l

exchange caused by with some caused by

f ater

with t e ~ p ~ r a t u r e land around

. ocean winds

ns variation

_ ___


3/36

:

f

1. (B)

2. (B)

3. (D)

Summary: The professor discusses the different

types of

seas.

The first type is called amedjterranean

sea.

The

water in this

type

of sea

circulates through

changes

in

temperature

and water

density.

The

second type is called a marginal sea,

which

is

nearly

enclosed y ~ or some other kind of land. The

waters

within this

kind of

sea are

circulated

by

currents

caused

by wind.

02 Biology

Respiration Underwater

vs.

Respiration

on

Land

Underwater

Both Land

• Requires gills to

take oxygen from

water

1. (B)

u

• Exchange of

carbon dioxide

and oxygen

2.

(B)

• Requires organs

such

as lungs

3. (A)

~ u m m a r y :

The professor

discusses

two types

of

respiration: underwater

and

on

land. He

explains

·:ttle need for different

respiration

QLQfilIB for animals

that

live

underwater. Gills

are

adapted

to

extract

oxygen

from

water. For animals that

live

on land,

there

are

different ways

of

breathing. Some animals

can

breathe

just

by

having their cells exposed to

the air. Some animals require special organs to

breathe,

lil1e

.u.ng§,,

3

Office

Hours

r Problem ---1-·- = ~ = =

Student

is

always late

to

Switch

to

another

discussion section discussion

ser::tion

at a

I

better

time

·

~ · ~ ~ J ::__

· · · · ·

1.

(A)

2. (C)

3. (B)

Summary: The conversation

takes

place between

a professor and a studeot She

·1s approaching

the

professor

to

change

the time of her

discussion section.

The

professor asks her why, and she explains

that

it is a problem with her schedule caused

by

another

professor. She has troub1e gettLog to her

group

on

time.

The

professor

agrees.

to

change her

to

a

different

group.

•

04 Service

Encounter

Problem

Solution

Student

was accidentally Housing Coordinator

helps

assigned

to room in hlm change

rooms

all-girl s dormitory

1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (C)

Summary: The conversation takes place between

a housing employee and a student. The

student

has

accidentally

been

assigned

to

a

dorm

that

houses

only

girls, and

he needs to change dorms.

He says the room is very nice, but

he

obviously

cannot

stay

there. The

employee provides

him with

a form that will

allow

him

to

move to a different

dorm.

She also

tells him

that he can

leave part

of

the

form

blank.

OS Business

The Bricks

and

Clicks Business

Model

· Definition Aspects

Has

established supply

and

B u s i n e ~ s

model

that useS distribution networks

both online and

offline

components

Has

stability,

which helps

attract customers

1. (B)

2.

(D) 3. (A)

Summary: The discussion is

about

the

bricks

and

Clicks business

model.

It is a model that includes

both

offline and

QIJ ioo elements. The professor

explains a couple of advantages

for this

business

model. First, he says that it allows

businesses

more

freedom

in

how they operate. He also says the system

is stable because

established businesses already

have

fil1Qll. ) and distribution chains set

up.

06 Anatomy

The lntegumentary System

· ·

Definition I Functions

"

)Protects

internal organs

; Body covering such

as

skin, Helps regulate o ~ d y

I

hair and

nails

j f t e m ~ e r a ~ _ r e ~ ·

_ _,

Provides sense

of touch

Answer

Key

761


4/36

1.

(A) 2

(A)

3. (C)

Summary:

The

professor discusses the integumentary

system, which

comprises

the

body s

external

coverings,

such

as

skin, hair, and nails.

First, the

integumentary

system

provides protection for

our

internal

organs.

Second, it

helps

us to regulate

our

body temperature. Last, it acts as a

receptor

for

pain and temperature

changes.

07 Office Hours

Problem Solution

Student wants

to

expand

a

Professor agrees, as long as

previous paper

rather

than

student follows the same

write new one

rules

as everyone else

1.

(B)

2 (A)

3. (D)

Summary:

A

student

approaches her professor to

discuss the paper topics he assigned.

The

student

wants

to expand on aprevious paper that she wrote

rather than choose from the new topics the professor

presented.

The

professor to let her do this

because the

student

plans to submit the paper

to

the

department s

magazine.

08

Service

Encounter

r ~ ~ · . . . . ~ > C · 0 0 ~ · - '

octor s visits •

X-rays

•Lab tests

Dental work

· ~

1.

(A)

2.

(D)

3.

(A)

Summary:

The

conversation

takes place

between

a student

and

an employee

at

health

services.

The

student approaches the

employee with

questions

about the university insurance plan. The employee

explains

the cost

as

well

as some of the services

that

are covered and

not

covered in the

plan. The

student also finds

out that dental

insurance is not

covered by the

universiiy

plan

at all.

762 Answer

Key

09

History

The Success of the Purepecha

Point

Example

Had

better

ways of defending

Knew how

to

work

metal to

themselves than other tribes

create weapons and armor

Had well-organized military

Outnumbered and defealed

Aztec

army

n

numerous

battles

1. (B)

2

(A)

3.

(B)

Summary:

The

Purepecha

are a tribe living

today

in

Central America.

The

professor presents

two

theories about why the Purepecha peoples were

able to effectively f i l Aztec and Spanish forces.

First, she argues

that

the

advanced Purepecha

knowledge of working metal helped them produce

weapons

and armor.

She also proposes that the

Purepecha army was relatively 1filg_e and

well

organized.

10 Ecology

Parasitism

vs.

Mutualism

Parasitism

Both

Mulualism

• One species • Two species

• Both

species

benefits,

other s coexist

benefit

harmed

1. (C)

2.

(A) 3. (B)

Summary:

The discussion begins with a

definition

and

example

of

parasitism and ends with

adefinition

and

example

of

mutualism. In the first type

of

relationship, one

animal

ljves off of another animal,

and by doing so, harms the other animal. By

contrast,

in

the second

relationship, two

species are able

to

help

each other

by

either providing protection or

nutrition.


5/36

.

1 :

I Vocabulary Review 3 I

1.

(0)

4.

A)

7. C)

9.

B)

12 A)

15. B)

16. comprises

19:

enrich

21.

B)

24.

E)

I Mini Test 3 I

2. D) 3.

B)

5.

(0)

6.

C)

8.

A)

10. B) 11. C)

13. C)

14.

A)

17. complaint 18. feasible

20. deduce

22. A)

25.

(C)

23. (0)

,

01

Computer

Science

1

i

I

I

r

1. C)

4. .

>§

2.

B)

3.

B)

Local

area network

Wide area network

Private organization

Home

office

Internet

service

provider

Small

office

Dormitory

5. B)

02 Literature

6. A)

9.

7. A)

r

r

r

8. (0)

I · ·

I

YES

The names of some characters in

The

./

andman refer to lhe eyes.

NO

1 f {

The

main

character,

Nathanial,

became blind

as a young boy.

r

One of the

story s hemes

is o b s ~ ; ; ; ~ - . 7 ~ -

Thc Sandman tr;di.tionally h a ~ ; ; ~ ; y d i ~ r e n t 1- .-r-

,

meaning

from

that n l ~ . _ : : ~ t o r y ~ - - - - - - · · - - · t - · · + - J

The professor discusses vision and op1ical : i

./

J

illusions.

;

~ · · · · · ·

10. C)

03

S

0

ervice

Encounter

11.

(0)

13.

12.

B)

Receive course approval from the head

of

the

deparlment

Submit the credit request

form

by the

deadline

Contact her

professors

about the courses she

plans

to take

Send

her

professors copies of

her

final

exam

14. A) 15. B)

Practice Test

01 History

1. C)

2.

(0)

3.

B)

4

A) 5. B)

6. B)

02 Chemistry

7. A) 8. (0) 9. B)

10. B) 11. B)

12.

.

A

stable

cluster

in solution forms

the

nucleus

of the crystal.

--

A

supersaturated solution eliminates

growth potential.

A

crystal structure

is formed by

connected atoms.

-

-----.

The solution becomes supersaturated and

the

crystal

stops growing.

03 Service

Encounter

13. B)

16.

C)

14. 0)

17.

A)

---

15.

B)

YES NO

r

r

r

r

YES.

NO

f

r

r

r

r

Answer Key

76


6/36

4

Psychology

18.

A)

19.

B)

21.

C)

22.

A)

S Physics

24. A)

25.

B)

27.

A)

28.

C)

29.

Fixed

base

pulley

Has an axis

that

is

not

stationary

Has the most

potential

for

mechanical

advantage

The

most basic

/

kind of pulley

6 Office Hours

30.

C)

33. 8)

764

Answer

ey

31.

A)

34.

A}

20. B}

23.

A)

;:. :

i

26.

B)

Movable base

Compound

pulley pulley

/

/

32. A)


7/36

m;

•

.

u£

f

Part

I

.

r

l

;.

.

r

I

,

.

Chapter·1

Q1

Practice

1

• tep

1

Related Ideas and Expressions:

conscientious

passion commitment devotion

brilliant trained experienced

inspire

excite

benevolent unselfish helpful nice

Q1

Practice

2

• tep

1


approve of think

a

lot

of

regard highly value

heroic

bold valiant

support help

out

provide

assistance

income

money

payment wage

Q1

Practice

3

• tep

1


calm content

happy

at peace

answer

trouble

dilemma challenge

skill talent data

comparable almost the same

close to

Q2

Practice 1

• tep

·


cash wealth riches charge pay

agonize

over

be stressed about

be

upset about

commit to

consider

contemplate

instruction academic tutor

2

Practice 2

~ t e p 1


open

air count1yside landscape

walking

rock climbing

skiing swimming

stuffed

up

wate1y eyes

medicine

healthy feeling

good

Q2 Practice 3

• tep 1


chat conversation argument

intriguing attention-grabbing

prepared

in

order

structured

key major

essential

fundamental

Q3 Practice 1

• tep 1

Suggested Keywords/Key Phrases:

basketball tickets

reduced

price profit improve

facilities

poor condition

Sample Restatement:

The university

is

not going

to

offer basketball tickets at

a

reduced price anymore. This is because it has

not

made a

profit

recently.

The facilities also

need

to

be

improved because they are

in poor condition.

~ t e p 2


raising

ticket

prices full ticket price arena outdated

leaks

Sample Restatement:

The

man

thinks

that

raising ticl\et prices

is good.

He

says

that most

people

do not

pay

the

full ticket

price

since

most

people at the games are

students. He

also

says

that

arena

is very outdated.

He says he

has

heard

that

the

roof

leaks.

~ t e p 3

Opinion:

The man thinks it

is

good

that

the university will no

longer

sell

reduced-price tickets to students.

Reason 1:

The

university is not

making

money.

Detail:

Most of

the

people

at basketball games

are students.

Reason 2:

The

university

needs money

to

improve the

facilities.

Detail:

The

university

is old ugly and

the

roof leaks.

nswer Key 76

- . :


8/36

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - i t f ( ~

Q3

Practice

2

• tep 1


canceled, Music Theory, additional section,

unable

to

find a professor,

not

enough

space

Sample Restatement:

The

university says that it has

canceled

a

section

of

music theory. It

was

supposed to be

an

additional

section.

The

announcement

says

it

is

because they

were

unable

to

find a professor. Also,

there

was

not

enough

space

in the music

building.

• tep


hire.

another professor, growing,

another

building, do

not need instruments,

head

of the music department

Sample Restatement:

The

man says he does not agree with

the

announcement.

He says the university should hire

another professor since the music program has

been

growing lately. He also

says that

they

could h ve

the

class

in another building since

you do

not

need

instruments for

the class. The speakers decide

to talk

to the

head

of the music department.

~ t e p 3

Opinion:

The

university

should

not

cancel

the

music theory

class.

Reason 1:

The university should hire more professors

to attract

students.

Detail:

The music department

has been

growing

quickly.

Reason

2:

Another building

can

be

used

to hold the class.

Detail:

The

class

can

be held in any building because

it

does

not require

instruments.

.:3 Practice

3

~ t e p

1

~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ i y ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ the offerings,

growing student

base

7

nswer Key

Sample Restatement:

The

announcement says that a new class is going to

be

offered

in

the

English

department.

This

is

supposed

to meet the

needs

of working students who need to

take classes n

the

evening. Also, the

university wants

to expand its literature class offerings to meet the

needs of

the

growing

student

base.

• tep

Suggested KeYwords/Key Phrases:

night

classes,

working

students,

packed, majors,

survey class

Sample Restatement:

The woman is

happy

with the

announcement.

She

says

the

university needs more

night classes

for

students

who work during the day.

When

she had

a

night class,

it

was

packed. Also,

she is

glad

the

university is offering

a

class

that

is

not

just

for

majors.

Many

of

these classes

are too

advanced, and a

survey class s better for her needs.

• tep 3

Opinion:

The woman thinks

it

is

a

good idea for the

university

to expand the English

department s offerings.

Reason 1:

More working students are coming to the university.

Detail:

The

woman s

night class was

packed

with

working

students.

Reason2:

The university needs to offer more

basic

literature

classes.

Detail:

The woman

struggled

to find aclass that was

not too

advanced.

Q4 Practice 1

~ t e p 1


price, appearance, luxury, necessity, decoration

Sample Restatement:

Consumers

classify

products

by

price and appearance.

Expensive products

are often

luxuries, while inexpensive

products sometimes become necessities. Also, a more


9/36

-

,:·.·,

;

·

attractive product is

more likely

to

be classified as

decoration.

~ t e p

2

Suggested Keywords/Key

Phrases:

television luxury . lower

price

more appealing

decoration

Sample Restatement:

The television

shows

how

consumers

classify

products

by price and appearance. The television was first

considered a uxury because it was so

expensive.

But

the lower

price made it more of a

necessity. Also the

first

1Vs

were very big

and

ugly.

But now

that

they

are

more

appealing more

people use them for

decoration.

~ t e p

3

Classify products by

price

and

appearance

Example: television

First

way: price: luxury

or necessity

Example:.

television wis first an

expensive

luxury then

became

an

inexpensjve

necessity

Second

way:

appearance: better appearance allows for decoration

Example:

television was plain and ugly at first

now

they are

attractive

and

hung

like

paintings

Q4 Practice 2

~ t e p 1


memory echo

limited duration exact

copy

accurate

reproduction

Sample

Restatement:

Echoic

memory

is a type

of

memory. With it you hear

an echo of sound for a few seconds.

It has

a

limited

duration.

But

it makes an

exact copy of

what you

hear so

it

is

a very accurate reproduction

of what

was

heard.

~ t e p 2


telephone

number

forget lasts

a

few seconds

perfect accuracy hearing echo

Sample

Restatement:

When you hear a phone number for the

first

time you

remember it in echoic memory.

Because

echoic

memory

is

brief you will

forget the number quickly.

That is because

echoic memory

only

lasts a

ew seconds.

Also

because

echoic

memory

is accurate you

can .

remember the number for a few

seconds

with perfect

accuracy. That

is

because you can hear an echo of

the number in your memory.

~ t e p

3

Echoic memory is when information you just heard

stays

in your mind for a

few

seconds.

Example:

hearing

a

new telephone number

First feature: very short

Example:

you will

forget

the

number

after a few seconds

Second feature: accurate

Example:

you can dial it

accurately

if you

do

so immediately

Q4 Practice 3

~ t e p

1


Phrases:

unconscious competence

without thinking

second

nature doing

other

things

automatic

Sample

Restatement:

Unconscious

competence is when you can

do

something naturally. One feature

is

that you can

do

it

without thinking

about

it; it becomes second nature.

In

addition you

can

do

it while

doing other things.

That

is

because

it

becomes

automatic.

~ t e p


Phrases:

learning

new instrL1ment

play

without

thinking

looking at your fingers

do

other things simultaneously

sing

while playing

Sample

Restatement:

The

process of learning anew instrument demonstrates

unconscious competence. \ I V ~ e n you learn the guitar it

s hard at

first.

but aitsr 8 wl1ile you can play without

thinking.

You

can

swn

plEy

w 1 t i ~ c u t

locking

at

your lingers.

In

addition

you can do

other things simultaneously.

For example you can

sing while

playing.

nswer

ey

7 7

I


10/36

~ t e p 3

Unconscious

competence

is doing something

automatically

Example:

learning to play

guitar

Feature : can

do

t without having to concentrate

Example:

do

not

have

to watch

fingers any

more

Feature

2: can

do

other things

Example: singing and playing at the same time

QS Practice

~ t e p

Problem:

The literary magazine

is

running out of money

Solution : Look for

more

advertisers

Solution

2: Let some it

the

writers go

~ t e p 2

Opinion

Problem:

The literary magazine

is

running

out of

money

Best

Solution:

She

should look

for more

advertisers

Reason

:

It is

the fastest

way to

find more money

Reason

2:

There

is

no

guarantee that letting writers go will

help

Opinion

Problem:

The litera1y magazine is running

out of money

Best Solution:

She should

let some

of ih writers

go

Reason :

It

is

the easiest

way

to cut costs

Reason 2:

They

might not

be able to find more

advertisers

768 Answer Key

QS Practice 2

~ t e p

Problem:

The man does

not know

how

to get

teaching experience

Solution :

Ask

a

professor

to sponsor an

independent

project

Solution

2:

Become a teaching

assistant

in

grad

school

~ t e p 2

Opinion

Problem:

The man

does

not

know

how

to get teaching

experience

Best

Solution:

Ask a professor to sponsor

an

independent project

Reason

:

He will get experience right away

Reason

2:

It will give him

a chance to

change his mind

Opinion

Problem:

The man

does

not

know

how to

get

teaching experience

Best

Solution:

Become a teaching assistant in

grad

school

Reason :

He

is too

busy to

do a project now

Reason 2:

He

will

get better experience in grad school

QS

Practice

3

~ t e p

Problem:

The man

wants

to

attend

aconference

but

is scheduled

to go to

a

team debate

Solution :

Go

to

the

team

debate and forget

the

conference

Solution

2:

Go to

the

conference and disappoint his team

--- :;.:.,

·-' -'

_

.. _.

i.

I

i

I

'


11/36

Step

2

Opinion

Problem:

The man wants to attend aconference but is scheduled

to go to a

team

debate.

Best

Solution:

Go to the

team

debate and forget the conference

Reason :

His

team

is

counting

on him.

Reason

:

He

can

go to other

conferences

when he is available.

Opinion 2

Problem:

The man wants to attend aconference

but

is scheduled

to go to a team

debate.

Best Solution: Go to the conference

Reason : He could learn a lot at

the

conference.

e a ~ p n

: His team members will understand.

Q6 Practice

Step

Topic:

How

ancient stories are told

Thesis:

Because

stories were

not written

down,

they

were

affected

in two ways.

Key

point

:

Stories often

changed when they were

told

aloud.

Key point

:

Stories did not have only one author.

Q6

Practice 2

~ S t e p

Topic: Animation

Thesis:

There are

two

differences between traditional

animation

and

computer animation.

Key point

:

They

differ in how

long

it

takes

to

do them.

Key

point 2: They

differ in reputation.

Q6 Practice 3

Step

Topic:

Brand

names

Thesis:

Apopular

brand

name can

help

a

product in two

ways.

Key

point :

A popular brand

name can

make a product

more

appealing.

Keypoint2:

A popular

brand name

helps people remember a

product.

IVocabulary

Review

I

1. C)

2.

A) 3. 0)

4.

A) 5. C) 6. B)

7. C)

8. B)

9. A)

10. 0)

11.

A)

12. C) 13. C)

14. A)

15.

0)

16.

draw

17. animation

18. eager

19.

brand

20.

significant

21.

responsibility

22.

upcoming

23.

independent

24.

reproduction

25. expand

IVocabulary

Review

2 I

1. 0) 2. B)

3

A)

4. 0)

5. C) 6. C)

7.

A) 8. B)

9.

B)

10.

A)

11. 0)

12.

A) 13. C)

14. A)

15. C)

16. experience 17. latter 18. firefighter

19. competence

20. Conversely

21. 0)

24. A)

22.

B)

25.

C)

23. E)

Answer Key 769


12/36

Part 2

Q Practice

•Step

Transition words and

phrases:

This

is

because, once, also, because, however,

someday, since that day

Sentence

order: F) A) E) 8)

D)

C)

•Step

1 The speaker wants to

learn

how to sail

a

boat.

2. The speaker went

sailing

on

a boat with her

grandfather.

3.

The speaker wants

to sail

around the

world

someday.

Q1 Practice 2

~ t e p

Transition

words

and phrases:

so,

recently, someday, though, for one,

because,

also

Sentence order: C)

E)

8) F) D)

A)

~ t e p

1. The speaker wants to take a

photography

class.

2. The speaker

received a

camera for

his birthday.

3. The speaker

takes

pictures of nature and animals.

Q1

Practice

3

~ t e p

Possible

transition words phrases:

because,

also, first, and, in addition, consequently

Cl 1

Practice 4

~ t e p

Possible

transition words phrases:

moreover, because, also, in the

first

place, later, while

770

Answer

ey

Q2 Practice

•Step

Transition words

and

phrases:

if However, and, Secondly, For one thing

Sentence

order: A) F) 8) E) D) C)

•Step 2

1

The speaker thinks

it

is good to give unannounced

tests.

2.

The

speaker says that he

is encouraged to study

the material

thoroughly

because of unannounced

tests.

3.

The

speaker says

that

unannounced tests

give

him a chance to improve

his grade.

Q2 Practice 2

•Step

Transition words and phrases:

That way,

and,

First of all, However,

Also

Sentence order:

E) B) F) C)

D) A)

•Step

2

1. The

speaker

would

prefer

to go to university

immediately.

2.

The

speaker says that

they

lose

motivation when

they

do

not go

to

university right away.

3.

The speaker suggests that you will enter

into

your career

more quickly

if

you

go immediately

to

university.

Q2

Practice 3

~ t e p

Possible transition

words phrases:

first

of

all, second

of all,

for

example, basically,

in

addition,

besides

that

Q2

Practice 4

~ t e p

Possible transition

words phrases:

because, but,

therefore, undoubtedly, hence,

furthermore

k


13/36

j_-

.

Q3 Practice

~ t e p 1

Opinion:

The television should

not be

removed from the

student

union building.

Reason 1:

That area should not be used for studying.

Reason

2:

Many people do not want to go back to the

dorms

to

watch 1V.

Q3

Practice

2

~ t e p

1

·opinion:

He does not

agree

with the

decision

to close the

dorms in

the

summer.

Reason 1:

·w

The univers1fy should have searched

for supervisors.

. Reason 2:

The universify did not advertise

that

the dorms were

open.

Q4

Practice

1

~ t e p 1

Main topic:

Reward systems encourage good behavior in children.

Key

point

1:

Reward

systems provide a positive

outcome

for

both

parents and child.

Key point2:

Reward systems

encourage

children

to continue to

behave well.

Q4 Practice 2

~ t e p 1

Main

topic:

Teaching by

demonstration s the

best way to

teach

how to use a computer.

l


14/36

Q6 Practice

~ t e p

Main

topic:

There are

two

types of camouflage

that help

animals

hide from predators.

Key

point

:

Animals camouflage themselves

by changing to look

like

the

environment.

Example:

The Arctic fox s coat changes to white to match the

snow

in

winter.

Key point :

Animals disguise themselves

to

look like other things. ·

Example:

The walking stick looks

like

an ordinary twig.

~ t e p 2

1

Animals camouflage themselves in order

to hide

from predators.

2.

The

Arctic fox s fur turns white so it can blend in

with the environment.

3. The

walking

stick is able to

hide from

predators

because

it

looks

like

a

twig.

Q6 Practice 2

~ t e p

Main

topic: There are

two

kinds of role

conflicts.

Key point

:

Role

conflict can happen when a person takes

on

two

incompatible

roles.

Example:

A

father might

have

to act

as

both

a

father

and

a

coach.

Key point

2:

Role

conflicts can

happen when

someone

has

to take

on a

new role suddenly.

Example:

A

doctor

might

have

a

conftict if

he suddenly becomes

a

patient.

>Step 2

1

Role

conflicts

can

occur

either when someone

has

two incompatible

roles

or when

someone

is

suddenly given

a new

role.

77

Answer Key

2. A

role

conflict

happens

because the father wants

to

be

a

dad

to

the child

but

he also

has to act

as

a

coach.

3. A

doctor can experience

a

role

conflict

when he

becomes

a

patient. He wants to still be

a

doctor,

but he cannot

because

his

role has been reversed.

I

Vocabulary

Review 3 I

1. (C) 2. (D)

4. (B)

5. A)

7. D) 8. (B)

10.

(B)

11. (C)

13.

(D)

14.

(B)

16. (C)

17. A)

19.

(D)

20.

(C)

.22.

(B)

23. (B)

25.

(C) 26. A)

28. (D) 29. A)

31. utilize .32. refrain

34.

suffer

35.

frequently

37.

excessive

38. lonely

39. keep them from

40. companions

3.

A)

6. (B)

9 (C)

12. A)

15.

(B)

18. A)

21.

A)

24. D)

27. (B)

30. (B)

33.

distracting

36. social

41

.

alternative

43. witness

42.

demonstrate

46.

(0)

49.

(0)

44.

demanding

45. surprising

47.

S)

50. S)

48.

(S)

IVocabulary

Review

4 I

1.

(C)

2.

A)

3.

(B)

4.

A)

5. (D)

6.

A)

7. (B)

8.

(C)

9. (D)

10. A) 11.

(B)

12. (C)

13.

D)

14. A)

15. (B)

16. (D) 17. A)

18.

A)

19.

(C) - 20. (C)

21.

(D)

22.

(B) 23. (C)

24.

A)

25. D)

26.

(B)

27. B).

28. D) 29. A)

30. C)

31.

adaptations

32.

disguise 33. technique

34. literally 35.

altering 36.

blend

in

37.

wildlife

38.

drastically

39. feature

40.

outcome


15/36

41

reward

44

excessive

46

(C)

49.

(B)

42

diagnosis

43

complaint

45 hectic

47.

(A)

50. (D)

48 (E)

[

t

art 3

I

\

.

i

·

I.

I

I

I

Stress related

to

parts of

words

~ t e p 1

1

a.

method

2

a.

economy

3.

a.

academy

4. a. luxury

5

a.

drama

6 < ~ recommend

7

i i.

capable

8 a. prefer

9 a. photograph

10. a. negotiate

~ t e p 2

b. methodology

b.

economic

b. academic

b.

luxurious

b.

dramatic

b.

recommendation

b. capability

b.

preference

b.

photography

b.

negotiation

1

Do

you

have

a campus parking permit for your

bike?

2

I

hope

my professor can advise me

on

which

course

to take.

3. She has to present her project to the class

tomorrow.

4 My friends and

I

are going to

the

protest

downtown

this afternoon.

5

Did you hear that Jane and her band will record

an album

this summer?

6 Unfortunately, my parents

will not

permit me

to

go skiing this

weekend.

7 The police have arrested a suspect in the

campus

computer lab robbery.

8

In biology, we are

studying how

plants convert

sunlight into energy.

Stress on phrasal ferbs

>Step 1

·

1.

The researchers found it out very recently.

2. The

robber

held

up the convenience

store.

3 Let s go check out the

new

restaurant in the

student

union.

4 Can you help me? I

am

searching for a journal ·

on

anthropology.

5 Do

not point at her. That is

rude.

6. People often say that I

take

after my

father.

Sentence stress related to content words

~ t e p

Suggested content words in bold:

1 People classify products based on price and

appearance.

2

The university

should advertise

that

the dorms

are open

in the

summer.

3 Echoic memory lasts for

only

a few seconds.

4 The

magazine might

have

to shut down,

5

Giving rewards will teach children to

behave

well.

6 I was very proud of my brother when he was

accepted into medical school.

7 I feel comfortable talking to my sister about my

problems.

8 Students

should

work

for

a

year

before going to

university.

~ t e p 2

Sample clear words

in

bold:

One person

that

I really admire

is

my father. For

one, he has

worked very

hard in his life. He was very

poor as achild and did not

get

agood education, but

he worked very hard to educate himself and get a

good

job. Second, he is a very nice person. He is

always giving

money

and assistance

to

other people.

Just last weekend, he helped a coworker remodel

his house.

Reduction d

unstressed words

~ t e p 1

Sample weakened

and

reduced words

in

bold:

1 The people who

moved

out

to other cities

were

safe, but those who were

io

th.e city

were

in

danger.

nswer

Key

77 - -


16/36

2. He is the one in my family who

understands

ill¥

dream.

3

The

students cannot

access

this

section

but

the

t e a c h e r s ~

4 The

government asked him

to stop

campaigning

a g a i n s t ~ policy.

5 J:b.m(

wanted

to

create something new

and

innovative.

6 For homework, you all should have read a bit

about wind power.

7 I know I

look

young, but I

am

a student

at

this

university.

8

Mathematics

is an important aspect

of

university

studies.

~ S t e p

2

Sample

clear words in bold:

The

man supports the decision by the university to

offer literature classes

at

night.

For one,

he thinks it

is good

because

it

allows people

who work to take

more classes. He says that there are many working

students who

take classes

at night. He also thinks

it

is

good because it

will

allow the university to offer

more types

of literature

classes. The

speaker

says

he

wanted to take

abasic

literature

class, and

now

he can.

Intonation

~ S t e p

I

had

lost an important assignment due to computer

llli blems.

2. That gave me

the

opportunity to learn about a

new Q , \ture.

3. I

never

went on a trip with those friends

again.

4.

Universities

need

money

for comruiter

labs.

5.

Many

people

think

that teaching by

exrunple is

best.

6. They look more interesting and

have

more

·character.

7. A reward system is agood way

to

teach children

to

behave

well.

~ S t e p

1.

That will tell us

the date

at which

the

house was

built.

2.

Mom

and Dad

want

me

to attend.

3.

They can

cause all kinds of trouble.

4.

I

am

sure I will land a good

iob

after graduation.

774 Answer

Key

5 n

the

past, the television was a

luxury.

6

n addition, they are beneficial to mankind.

· ~ s t e p 1

1

Although

we had

not

finished we

decided to go

home.

2

When

she stepped off

the

boat she i m m e d i t e ~

ran to her car.

3

It

was raining so

hard

all

day

that

they did not

leave the house.

4

If

the

alarm

rings

put down your books and

slowly leave the

building.

5 The final

test

will be two hours long and will

count

for

twenty-five

percent of

your final

grade.

~ S t e p

2

1 In

my

opinion,

students

should

not

have to pay

to go to university.

2

To begin, echoic

memory

is

v ry

short,

lasting

only three

to

four seconds.

3. Charities, both local and international, rely

on the

generosity of individuals to help the

less

fortunate.

4.

In summary, then, I think that teachers

should

give

unannounced tests in

class.

5.

While

a strong

brand

narne

can make

a

product

more appealing, it can also help customers

remember a

company

or

product.

6. Many people, however, feel that animation

done

by hand

is more

artistic

than

computer

animation.

7.

t took

five years, but

he finally

achieved his goal.

8.

lri the case of many oral traditions, ii is impossible

to

identify the stories authors.

Question

Sample

Response

Mr. Daniels was

the most memorable teacher I have

v r

had. First, I remember

him

because he

was

very

strict. You could not

mess

around in his English class.

He

did not tolerate

lazy

students, either. Second,

he

is

memorable

because

he

loved to teach. He was


17/36

always excited

about

the stories and poems

that

he

presented to us. He made

everything

more interesting

that way.

Question

Sample

Response

1

I

think

that it is better to do research

on

the Internet

than

use

books.

One

reason is that the Internet is

faster. If Iwant to

find

information, I can

do

so quickly

using the Internet. It

takes

much longer to find that

sarne

information in a book. Second,

the

Internet is

more up-to-date.

Many

books in

the library are

old.

.

People update the

Internet everyday,

so the information

is fresh and

new.

Sample Response

2

I think

it is

better

to use the books

for

research

than

to use

the

Internet. For one, I think

books

are more

accurate than the Internet. There are

many

people

that post

false

information

on

the

Internet.

But people

check

facts that

are in books.

Second, I think it

is

eailier

to find what you are looking for in

books. That

is

because it is

easy to find a

book

you need using a

library catalog.

Question 3

Sample Response

The

university announcec that it will update an exercise

facility

because the exercise machines are old and it

··

.

is

not big enough for all he

students

who use it. The

man thinks this

is

agood

idea

because he goes there

and

there

is not a

lot

of good

exercise

equipment.

Sarne

is even

broken. Moreover,

lie

feels

that

it is

too

crowded. He goes there

and has

to wait

fifteen

minutes

to

use

a

machine. So

the

place needs

to

be expanded

to fit all the students

who go there.

Question

4

Sample Response

The lecturer uses an example

of

a computer store

manager to explain impression management. First,

the manager

tries

to act in a really professional way

because he thinks that customers expect

it.

This

supports the idea from ihe reading that

people

want

to

control how others

see

them.

Tl1e

speaker also

says that the manager jokes around with his employees

because he wants them to see him as a friend. This

is

because he wants to create aspecific impression in

the

minds of those employees.

Question

5

Sample Response 1

The

woman

wants to

take

a

class

that

is

full.

She can

either wait for a

student

to drop or talk to the professor.

I

believe

that

she

should

wait

for a

student

to drop it.

For one, this

is the

easier

solution.

If she spoke to the

professor, she

would have to

make

an appointment

and try

to

convince

him to let

her into

the

class.

However, this way, she can

just check the

class

online. Also, it

is

the

most

reliable

solution: The

speakers say

that

there might not be

enough seats

left

in class.

But if someone drops, then

the

woman

would

definitely be able to get

in.

Sample Response 2

The

woman s problem is that

she

wants to take a

class

but

it

is

already

full.

So she either has to

wait

for

an

opening

when

a student

drops

it or to

talk

to

the professor to get in. I think

she

should

talk

to the

professor. First,

it

is

better because

it

can save her

time. If

he says yes, then

she is

in

the class

and does

not

have to

wait

for

people to drop

it. Second, it will

almost certainly get her into the class. The speakers say

that the professor will

let

her

in

as long as there are

seats

left.

Question 6

Sample Response

The lecture

talks

about the keystone species as a

species

in

the

environment

that

plays

a

very

important

role. The professor shows how the wolf is a

good

example. First,

they affect animal populations. After

wolves

were reintroduced

to

a park

where they did

not

exist

for

eighty years,

the

large populations

of two

animals, deer and elk, went down to healthier levels.

They

also

affect the environment.

The

wolves

return

also

improved the number of cottonwood trees

because

it

reduced the

number

of animals that

ate

the young trees.

nswer

ey 77


18/36

Practice Test 2

Question

Sample Response

like

to go to the beach

to relax,

like relaxing

at the

beach because can listen

to

the

waves, They

are

very soothing, The sound

takes

my

mind

off of all the

things have to do, also

like

to relax at the

beach

because can lie in

the sun,

can take

naps or read

a

book, do

not

worry about anything

when

am lying

in the warmth

of

the

sun,

Question

2

Sample Response

think

it is better to live with a roommate at

university, think this

because having

a roommate

gives you a chance

to meet other students

like

yourself. Your roommate could turn

out to

be a really ·

good

friend, and he or she can introduce you to

other

students.

It

is also better

to

have a roommate because

you can

do

chores together, That

way,

you

can get

the

cleaning

done much·

faster and have more

fun

doing it.

Sample

Response 2

think

it

is better to

live alone at university, For one,

think

living alone prevents distractions, When you live

with a roommate, you might want

to

have fun with

him

instead of study. When you live alone, you can

focus on studying. Also,

think

living

with a

roommate

can be annoying. Sometimes you have

to

live with

someone who is loud or messy. You

do

not have

to

worry about that

if you

live alone.

Question 3

Sample Response

The woman

does

not think it

is

a good

idea

for

the

maintenance

department

to

install more lights around

campus. She thinks that additional lights will not stop

people from

vandalizing

and

stealing,

She

thinks

that

having

more

lights

will

reveal

things that

thieves did

not

know

were there in the

first

place. She also

thinks

that

the campus already has enough lights for doing

things outdoors at

night.

Plus, she

likes

doing things,

like

jogging,

when

it is somewhat dark outside.

77

Answer

Key

Question

4

Sample Response

According to the

professor,

point

of

view

refers

to

the

position of

the viewer when

he s looking

at

a work of

art.

The

professor says

that

Velazquez uses

point

of

view for

two

purposes. First, he paints the scene so

that the viewer sees it from inside the house but

is

not

too

close

to

the people.

That way,

the viewer

sees all

the action.

He also uses point of view

to

show acertain

meaning.

He uses

a

broad

point

of

view

to

emphasize

the

group instead

of the emotions of

one person.

Question

5

Sample Response

The man

wants

to

live in the

dorms

the

next semester,

but

university

policy

says he

has

to

move out after

freshman year. He could either talk to

the campus

housing

department

or

apply to be

a resident

assistant. think it

would

be

better

for

him to

talk

with

someone in campus housing;

That way,

he might

be

al)le to

get a dorm room without having

to

be ari

RA

Also,

even

if they do not let him stay

in the dorms,

they may

be able to

help

him

find

housing close

to

campus.

Sample Response 2

The

man s

problem

is that

he

is

forced to move

out

of

the dorms but he

wants

to stay. The

speakers

say

that

he could either talk

to

campus housing or apply

to

be a

resident

assistant. think he

should become

a

resident assistant. For one,

he

will definitely get housing

this

way, whereas

he

might

not be allowed to

stay

in

the dorms if he

asks to have

the

policy

changed. n

addition, he

will get

free housing. They always pay

resident assistants,

so he

gets

two good things out of

this

solution.

Question 6

Sample

Response

The

professor says

that

there are

two

ways that

advertisers

make

everyday

products look

appealing.

One

way they do this

is to

use exaggeration.

The

professor

uses

the example of a

fast

food commercial,

in which two people buy food at a

drive

thru window

The food is

so big it makes

their car tip to

one side.

Another way,

according to

the professor,

is with

humor.

The

professor gives

the example

of a photo

editing ad, in which a bad

family

portrait is

edited

to

look

more presentable.

By

using humor, people

get a

good impression of

the

product.


19/36

r

Part

01

Urban

Planning

~ t e p

Main ide


20/36

2 History

~ t e p 1

Main idea: The Copper Scroll did not describe a real

treasure.

Key point

1: The Copper

Scroll was likely a

story

because there

were

many

similar stories

in

Israel.

Key point 2: The amount of treasure described in the

scroll seems too

larae

to

be

real

since

it would be

worth

one billion dollars todaY

Key point 3: The

treasure

has

never been

found

because the

descriptions

in the scroll are vague.

~ t e p 2

Main idea:

There

is

evidence to suggest

that

the

treasure in the

Copper Scroll is rfil [.

Key point 1: Since

the

Copper Scroll uses technical

language it

is probably

real.

Key

point 2:

The amount

of treasure

described in

the

scroll might

not

be

as

large

as

some

people think

because money

was

worth

different

amounts in different

places.

Key point

:

It may be

possible to

find

the

treasure

because

another

scroll

might exist.

~ t e p

Introduction:

Main topic:

Is the treasure described in the Copper

Scroll

is

real or imaginary?

Main idea of the reading

passage:

The

Copper

Scroll

did not describe a real treasure.

Main idea

of the lecture: It

is possible that

the

treasure

is real.

Body:

Key point 1:

Was the

scroll a story?

Supporting information from the

reading

passage:

The

scroll

was probably just a story used

to

entertain

people

because there were many similar

stories in.

Israel.

Supporting information from the lecture:

The

technical

language

used

means

it

probably

was not

just

a

story.

8

nswer

Key

Key

point

2: Is the size

of the treasure false?

Supporting information from the reading passage:

The

scroll describes

a

treasure

that

is

too large

to

be

real

since

it would

be

worth one

billion

dollars today.


The

treasure

might not

be as large as some

people think

because money was worth

different

amounts in

different

places.

Key point 3: Where is

the treasure?

Supporting information from the reading passage:

The treasure has never been found because the

descriptions

in the scroll are vague.


It

might

be possible to find

the treasure by

using another

scroll.

Conclusion:

· Summary: The reading says that the treasure

does

not exist but the speaker

thinks

that it might.

· ~ t e p

4

Both the lecture and

the passage

discuss

the

Copper

Scroll. While

the passage

says

that the

tieas11fe

described in the scroll does not actually exist the

lecturer argues the treasure is real.

According

to

the

passage

the scroll is an old story

that

was passed

down over

generations.

The

lecturer

corrects

this claim by explaining

that the

scroll used

vocabulary that

is

not used in folk tales. The

passage

also argues

that

the treasure

is

much too

large

to

be

real.

n response the

lecturer reasons that the

amount

in

the

scroll may be

smaller

than it seems; therefore

it

is probably real.

Last

the

passage claims

that

the

treasure

is

impossible

to

find because the directions.

on the scroll are not

clear.

The lecturer says that a

different

map

mentioned in

the

copper

scroll probably

has

better directions to

the treasure.

The mystery of the

copper

scroll has inspired many

arguments. Some people still think it is authentic while

others think

it

is

only a story.


21/36

l

03

Environmental

Science

>Step 1

Main

idea:

Biofuels cannot replace fossil

fuels.

Key point : Biofuels are

not

more environmentally

friendly

than

fossil fuels because they also

pollute

the

environment.

Key

point 2:

Biofuels

do

not

have an unlimited supply

because

most agricultural land

is

already

being used.

Key

point 3:

Biofuels

cannot meet the

world s

demand

for fuel because

we

need

too

much fuel.

>Step 2

Main

idea: Ethanol

is not

a

substance that we can

use to replace gasoline.

Key

point

: Ethanol is

not cleaner

than gasoline; in

fact, it

produces

more pollution.

Key point 2: Ethanol requires

more

laoQ than we

have available

because there

is

not

enough

for

both

food and fuel crops.

Key lpoint

3: Ethanol cannot meet the demand for

fuel

n the world because

we do not have

enough land.

,.)_;) .

>Step 3

Introduction:

Main

topic:

Can

biofuels

can be used as

a

substitute

for

fossil fuels?

Main idea of

the

reading

passage:

Biofuels cannot

· · ·

be·used as

a

substitute

for fossil fuels. ·

Main

idea.of

the

lecture:

Ethanol

is

not something

we

can w e to

replace

gasoline.

Body:

Key

point

1:

What is the environmental

impact

of

biofuels?

Supporting information

from the reading passage:

Biofuels are not better for the

environment than

fossil

fuels

because they also pollute

the environment.


Ethanol

actually pollutes

the environment more

than

fossil

fuels.

Key point

2: Where does

the

supply come

from?

Supporting infonnation

from the reading

passage:

Biofuels

do

not

have an

unlimited

supply

because

most

agriculturat land is

already used.

Supporting information from

the

lecture:

Ethanol

requires

too

much

land to make because th ere is not

enough land

for

both food

and

fuel

crops.

Key point 3:

What

is the

demand for biofuels?


reading

passage:

Biofuels cannot meet the world s demand for fuel

because

we need

too much

fuel.

Supporting information from ttie lecture:

Ethanol

cannot meet the demand for fuel in the world because

we

do not

have enough land.

Conclusion:

Summary:

The

reading says

that

biofuels cannot

replace

fossil fuels,

and

the

lecture support it with the

example

of

ethanol.

~ t e p

4

Both

the

lecture

and the

passage discuss biofuels

as

a

possible alternative

to

fossil fuels.

The passage

states

that they

cannot

replace current fuel sources. The

lecturer

supports the

with

a

discussion

about

ethanol,

a biofuel made

from corn.

To begin, the passage

says

that biofuels

are no better

for the environment

than

fossil fuels.

The lecturer

proves

the

claim

by showing

that

ethanol creates more

pollution than

gasoline. Then

the passage states that

biofuels place strain

on

land

resources.

The lecturer

agrees, adding that the

production of

ethanol makes

corn

more

expensive.

Lastly, the

passage

says

that

biofuels

cannot meet the world demand for fuel. Again,

the

lecturer

agrees.

He says that

there is

no

way

that

·

enough ethanol could be

produced

to satisfy the

needs

of the world.

Both sources discuss

biofuels.

They give three

reasons why biofuels

cannot replace

fossil fuels.

04 Environmental Science

} Step I

Main idea: Corntainers are

better

for the environment

for three main reasons.

Key

point

1: Corntainers

can

be composted, which

returns

them

to the Earth as fertilizer.

Key

point

2: Corntainers take up less space in landfills

L ecause

they

will biodegrade.

Key

point

3:

Using

corntainers

is

the socially

resoonsible

thing to do

because it

is

better for

the

environment.

I

nswer Key 9


22/36

~ t e p

Main

idea:

Corntainers

do

not

solve environmental

concerns.

Key point 1: Corntainers require special facilities in

order to break down.

Key

point 2: Many

corntainers

end up

in

landfills

because

people do not understand how to

recycle

them.

Key point 3:

There

is

nothing

socially responsible

about

using

corntainers because people

need

corn to

eat.

· ~ t e p

3

Introduction:

Main

topic;

Are corntainers good for

the environment?

Main idea of the reading

passage:

Corntainers are

better for the environment for three main reasons.

Main idea of the lecture:

Corntainers do not

solve

environmental

concerns.

Body:

Key point

1: Corntainers

can be

composted.

Supporting information from

the reading

passage:

Corntainers can be

composted,

which returns them

to

the Earth as

fertilizer.

Supporting informationfromthe ecture:Corntainers

require special facilities in order

to

break down.

Key

point 2:

Corntainers

do

not

fill

up landfills.


reading passage:

Corntainers will not take up space in landfills because

they

will

biodegrade.

Supporting information from the lecture: Many

corntainers

will

just

end

up

in

landfills anyway because

people don t understand how to

recycle

them.

Key

point

3: Using

corntainers is socially

responsible.

Supporting information from the reading

passage:

Using

corntainers is

socially responsible because it

is

better for tl1e environment.


Using

corntainers

is

not socially responsible because people

need

corn

to eat.

Conclusion:

Summary: The reading says

that corntainers

are

good, while the lecture

says

that

they

do

not help the

environment.

78 nswer ey

•

~ t e p 4

Both the lecture and the passage discuss PLA

containers

(corntainers). Though the

passage

presents

corntainers

as

an eco-friendly alternative to

other

plastic

packages,

the lecturer

says they do

not

benefit the

environment.

According

to

the

passage,

corntainers

are

good

because

they break

down

easily and

turn into fertilizer.

The lecturer

challenges the

claim.

She

shows that

the

composting process

for

corntainers

is long and

complicated.

The

passage also states

that

corntainers

are beneficial because they reduce the

amount

of waste

that ends up

in

landfills.

However, the lecturer disagrees,

saying

that

many

corntainers end

up

in

landfills,

anywey.

Finally, .the

passage says

that

using

corntainers is

socially responsible. They help the environment, and

thus, 2§De i everyone. n contrast, the lecturer argues

it is actually irresponsible to

produce

plastic with

corn

that could

be

used to feed the hungry.

Many

people

are interested in

doing what is

best

for

the environment. The passage claims that corntainers

are

eco-friendly,

but the lecturer disagrees.

01 Climatology

~ t e p

II/lain idea:

Climatologists

believe that global warming

is occurring for

three

reasons.

Key point 1:

There

is more

carbon dioxide

in the

atmosphere than ever before,

which

raises the Earth s

temperature.

Key

point

2: The

Earth s ice

caps are melting raoidly

as the

Earth gets hotter.

Key point

3: The

average global

temperature

has

been

steadily

increasing.

~ t e p

A.

2

B.

C.

The ongoing

process of global warming can

be

proved

by three

different

points.

:>Step 3

Main idea:

Global

warming

is

not

taking place

on

Earth


23/36

Key point

1: Carbon dioxide levels have

not increased

dramatically

in the past quarter century.

Key point 2:

There

are

many different

factors

that

contribute

to

the

melting

of

ice caps.

Key point 3: Reported average global temperatures

are

not

accurate because the facilities do

not

include all

temperatures in the

average.

•Step

4

1 b 2

a

•Step 5

A

3. a

4.b

1. While

the reading says

that global warming is

currently taking

place, the

lecture

says

that

temperatures

are

not

changing.

2.

The

reading

states that carbon dioxide levels

have

worsened global warming, though the

lecturer disagrees

with

this

view.

3.

The

passage

suggests

that melting

ice caps

i o d i ~ t e rising temperatures.

The lecture, however,

says

that ice cap

loss

is due to many

other

factors.

4. The author

of the

passage

says

two facilities have

recorded temperature increases over

the

past

hundred

years, Jhe

lecturer points out that the

records

are

inaccurate.

B

1. The lecture says that temperatures

are

not changing,

while

the

reading says global warming is currently

taking

place.

2.

The

lecturer

disagrees with the view

presented

in

the

reading, which claims that carbon

dioxide

levels

have

worsened

global

warming.

3. It

is

suggested in the

passage

that melting ice

caps indicate global warming;

however,

the

lecture

says

other factors might be responsible.

4.

The lecturer shows

that average global

temperature

records are inaccurate,

though the

passage

says

that

two

facilities provide proof

that average

temperatures have

increased.

~ t e p 6

1. Experts say that

carbon dioxide

levels have

increased

by thirty-one percent

in

recent

years,

but

the

lecturer points

out

that over

the past

quarter

century, the levels have only increased

by

two

percent.

2. The Hadley Center and NASA record average

temperatures, but

their

figures are inaccurate

despite

their

use

of the most advanced technology.

02 Psychology

•Step

1

Main idea: Adult

interference in

children s

playing is

problematic.

Key point 1: Adult interference can hurt children s

creativitv.

Key

point 2:

Children

need

to develop

positive

l l l [

role

models, which is done through playtime.

Key point 3: Children

need

to learn to

stand

up

for

themselves.

•Step

2

A

2 B.1

C.

There are

three reasons

why

adult

interference

causes problems.

~ t e p

3

Main idea: Adults need to

monitor children s

playtime.

Key point 1: Adults

need to

monitor

playtime

to

make

sure

it

is

positive becaus.e

many children will get

into trouble

otherwise.

Key point 2:

Children need

adults, not peers, as IDll2

models because

children learn

bad behavior from

other children.

Key point 3: Adults need to

monitor

children to protect

them.

Step

4

1

b

2

a

Step 5

A

1. states/troublesome

3.

good/require

3.a

4.b

2.

harm/watch

4. defend/parents

· :

nswer

Key 78 ·

1


24/36


25/36

. - : ~

.t1; -',

I \ .

£

j

I

I

Key point 2:

DDT can

endanger the health

of

humans

by causing a number of diseases.

Key

point

3:

DDT

has failed

to combat

disease-canyiog

mosquitoes

because insects became resistant to DDT.

•Step 2

A

2 B.1

C

Scientists

eventually

realized that

DDT

was not

as

good

as they

thought.

•Step

3

Main

idea: DDT is

not

as bad as some people

believe, and

it

has many benefits.

Key

point

1: DDT

can,

in some cases, benefit plants

and animals because it kills insects that cause disease.

Key point 2: DDT can

also

benefit human health by

stopping

diseases

that

kill humans.

Key point

3:

DDT

has effectively combated

diseases

in the

past, and millions

of lives

have been saved.

•Step

4

1. b

>Step

5

A

2.a

1.

found/benefits

3. says/help

B

3.b

4.a

2. danger/may

4. fight/successfully

1. According

tb

the reading, scientists

found

·that

DDT did

more

harm than good. However,

the

lecture

argues

that

DDT has many

benefits

and

is

not

as

bad

as some people

believe.

2.

While

the reading says that

DDT

is

a

danger to

the environment,

the

lecture

says that

DDT

may,

in some

cases,

benefit the environment.

3.

While the reading

says

that human health can be

endangered

by

DDT,

the lecture

argues

that

DDT

can really benefit

human health.

4. The

reading

says

that

DDT has

failed to

fight

disease-carrying rr.osquitoes. However, according

to

the lecture, DDT has combated diseases in the

past.

- ~ ~ ~

. -

�

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