hoc pic ntn-machnapvdk

8/2/2019 Hoc Pic Ntn-machnapVDK

1/17

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I. Bn cn nhng g hc ti liu ny ?

1. T vic lp trnh trn my tnh, n hot ng ca mt con vi iu khin

S ca ton b qu trnh c m t trong hnh v sau :

Giao din son tho >> Trnh bin dch >> File .HEX >> Chng trnh np >> Mchnp >> PIC (v s ny ra)

Nhng m th ny, hin nay vic lp trnh cc giao din phn mm tr nn qun gin, cho nn giao din son tho, trnh bin dch, v ngay c chng trnh npcng c tch hp vo trong chung mt phn mm, phn mm c gi l mitrng lm vic. MPLAB IDE l mt th d.

Do vy, hiu r hn cc khi nim, chng ti trnh by thao tc t vic lp trnhtrn giao din son tho, n vic np chng trnh cho PIC m khng dng MPLABIDE. Chng ta s dng Notepad lm giao din son tho, MPASM l chng trnhdch, dng mch np PG2C v chng trnh np IC PROG.

Phn ny cc bn khng cn lm theo, ch cn xem thi, v chng ti ch minh ha vcc khi nim cc bn hiu. Cc bn cng cha cn bit chng trnh u ra, chcn thy giao din khc nhau l bit chng trnh khc nhau ri.

Trc tin, chng ta s son tho trn mn hnh Notepad mt chng trnh bng ngnng lp trnh MPASM nh hnh sau :

Hnh 2.1 : Giao din son tho n gin nht l Notepad


2/17

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Chng ta s lu li file trn l PICtutorial_intro.asm

Sau , chng ta s dng chng trnh bin dch MPASM dch nhng g chng ta

vit trong PICtutorial_intro.asm thnh PICtutorial_intro.HEX chun b np voPIC.

Hnh 2.2 : Trnh dch MPASM trn Windows

Sau khi dch xong, s c mt bng thng bo xut hin nh sau:


3/17

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Hnh 2.3: Bng thng bo sau khi dch xongCc bn s thy trn thng bo c nhng ni dung sau:

Errors: 0, l s li c php hoc nhng li quy nh ca trnh dch MPASM.Chng ta s phn tch v cc li xy ra trong qu trnh thc hin nhng bi tp thchnh phn sau. Cn phn ny, tt nhin chng trnh ny ti vit lm lun vn,vy th khng sai c, cho nn s li s l 0.

Warnings: l cc thng bo cn ch , y cng l 0, c ngha l khng c ccthng bo no. Cc thng bo ny l nhng thng bo rng c mt s thanh ghi cbit cn phi quan tm, c th khi vit chng trnh khng sai v li c php, nhngc th sai v li v tr thanh ghi Cc thng bo ny khng c.

Message: l cc thng bo cho ngi dng ch , c mt s thanh ghi nm ccBANK khc nhau, cn phi ch khi lp trnh. Khi nim ny cc bn s lm quensau. Nhng y c 10 thng bo. Khi gp cc thng bo ny, cc bn phi xem litrong chng trnh v chc rng mnh lm ng. Nhng cho d bn lm ng ri, thcc thng bo ny vn c nh thng. l iu hn ch ca trnh dch, cc bn phithng cm.

Lines Assembled: 810 l s dng c vit trong chng trnh, k c nhng dng ccbn b trng, hoc nhng dng khng dch. N thng k di chng trnh ca ccbn. C 1024 dng lnh l 1K Flash, v 16F628(A) c ti 2K Flash, nh vy, chngtrnh ny vn m bo hot ng tt.

Sau khi dch xong, n s to ra mt lot cc file khc ngoi file PICtutorial_intro.asmban u nh hnh sau:


4/17

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Hnh 2.4: Cc file c to ra sau khi dch

File ERR lu cc thng bo li. Nhng y s li khng c, th cng ch c g xem. File .LST l file LIST. N trnh by li file .asm ban u ca cc bn, nhng nth hin thnh dng ct, v hng r rng hn. ng thi, n cng ghi r v tr ca mtlnh trong b nh khi np vo PIC nh hnh sau:


5/17

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Hnh 2.5: File LIST c to ra

Nhng file khc cc bn khng cn phi quan tm. M thc ra cc bn cng khng

cn phi quan tm n file no khc ngoi tr file .HEX c to ra.

Vy ni dung ca file .HEX l g? L nhng th chng ta khng c c v khnghiu c. Vy khng cn c v khng cn hiu lm g, ch cn xem cho vui thi.N nh sau :


6/17

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By gi cc bn gn mch np PG2C vo cng COM ca my tnh, trn c gnmt con PIC16F628 nh hnh sau :

Chng ta s gn con PIC16F628 nh sau:


7/17

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Sau , chng ta s m chng trnh ICPROG ln, chn ng loi PIC16F628 vchn file .HEX np cho PIC. Vic cui cng l n nt Program trn chng trnh

np ICPROG:

Kt qu, cc bn s c mt con PIC c np chng trnh, v by gi ch cn cmn vo mch chy. Bt in, v mi chuyn khng cn g ni.


8/17

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Sau phn ny, cc bn hnh dung c th no l mt giao din son tho, mtchng trnh dch, mch np v chng trnh np. Quan trng hn, thc cht y l

mt quy trnh y cc bn c th lm vic vi mt con PIC bng ngn ngMPASM.

Chng ti cha cp n vn thc hin nhng cng vic phc tp, v phngthc to ra mt th vin s dng sau ny, v khng th t mc tiu bin mtngi cha bit vi iu khin thnh mt chuyn gia lp trnh. Hn na, chng ticha l chuyn gia, th khng th bin cc bn thnh chuyn gia c. Trn kia lnhng g m chng ti tin chc l cc bn c th thc hin cho sut cc ti sinhvin ca cc bn. Vy cc bn cn hc g?

2. Nhng g bn cn hc

phn trn, cc bn thy rng c mt con PIC hot ng c, bn phi lptrnh trn my tnh, dng chng trnh dch dch ra file .HEX, ri dng chngtrnh np v mch np np file .HEX vo PIC. Sau cng, bn gn PIC vo mch vbt in cho n hot ng.

Chng ti c hay nhc li rng bn ang l ngi mi bt u hc nhc bn rngbn ch cn quan tm n nhng g cn quan tm. Vy nn, bn khng th ngi vit rachng trnh dch, cng khng th sng to ra mt mch np cng vi chng trnhnp da vo nhng ti liu khng phi bng ting m ca bn. Kt qu, nhng th bn ch c th la chn t nhng ci c sn. thun tin cho vic la chn ca

bn, chng ti lit k ra y nhng chng trnh dch, chng trnh np v mch npm chng ti bit, s dng, km theo mt s li khuyn cho vic la chn cabn. Nh vy, ni dung m chng ti s cp ch yu trong ti liu ny, lhng dn cc bn vit chng trnh trn my tnh, v hiu c nhng g bn vittrn my tnh, vi iu khin s thc thi nh th no, t cc bn c th to chomnh nhng ng dng ring.

Nhng nh ni trc y, hin nay vic lp trnh giao din son tho tr nn ngin, v ngi ta tch hp giao din son tho vi chng trnh dch thun tin chongi dng. Do vy, t y, khi chng ta ni n lp trnh trn mt ngn ng no ,ng ngha n i km vi mi trng lm vic ca ngn ng l giao din sontho v trnh dch t ngn ng ra file .HEX.

Trong ti liu ny, chng ti ch chn ngn ng MPASM, CCS C v HT PIC hng dn cc bn. V vy, chng ti tm thi gc li cc ngn ng khc l C17, C18(dng cho PIC18F), C30 (dng cho dsPIC), cng nh mt s ngn ng PICBasic,hoc cc ngn ng C khc.


9/17

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Ngoi ra, trong 3 ngn ng trn, HT PIC ch cung cp chng trnh dch i km, vn cho php nhng vo mi trng lm vic MPLAB IDE, do vy, giao din lm vicca HT PIC s cng chnh l giao din lm vic ca MPASM, v chnh l mi trng

MPLAB.


10/17

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Giao din mi trng MPLAB IDE

Giao din mi trng CCS C


11/17

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Cc bn mun hc theo ti liu hng dn ny, chc chn cc bn phi s dng c bami trng lm vic ny. Mi trng MPLAB IDE c th nhng CCS C, HT PIC,C17, C18, C30 v rt nhiu ngn ng lp trnh khc vo trong mi trng ca n.Tuy nhin, chng ti khuyn rng, khi cc bn lm vic vi h thng ca CCS C, ccbn c lm vic trn mi trng ca chnh n. Bi v mi mi trng c thit lpra cho mt ngn ng, ngi lp trnh lm cho n n gin nht v d dng nhtcho ngi dng. Trong khi , MPLAB IDE phi thit k mt giao din ph hp vitt c cc ngn ng, cho nn s phc tp hn.

MPLAB IDE c cung cp min ph ti www.microchip.comCCS C c bn ti www.ccsinfo.com, chng trnh demo dng trong 30 ngyHT PIC c th s dng 30 ngy min ph tiwww.hitech.com

Chng ti download sn cc chng trnh ny trong a CD v c hng dn cit cho cc bn. (C:// Chuong trinh dich).

Mch np v chng trnh np
http://www.microchip.com/http://www.ccsinfo.com/http://www.hitech.com/http://www.hitech.com/http://www.microchip.com/http://www.ccsinfo.com/http://www.hitech.com/


12/17

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Mch np Kt nimy

tnh

Chng trnh np Ghi ch

JDM COM IC Prog Mch in hnh, d lmJDMmodified

COM IC Prog Thay i ca JDM cho ch np tthn, d lm

PG1D COM IC Prog Ging JDM, nhng dng npICSP, kch thc nh, cc k ngin.

PG2C COM IC Prog Ging JDM, nhng s dng cc linhkin d kim Vit Nam (*****)

PG3B Cngmy in

LPT

ICProg, ProPIC2 Np rt nhanh (*****)

PG4B ICProgPG5V2 COM ICProg Chnh l mch JDM modified (****)MCP-PIC COM Tng thch PICStart

Plus, dng MPLAB np

Np rt chm, t tin

MCP-USB USB Tng thch PICStartPlus

Thm FT232 to ra cng COM obng USB. Thun tin khi di chuyn,khng dng ngun ngoi. Gi cao.Np chm.

ICD1 COM MPLAB Gi cao, ch dng cho mt s loi

thng dng. Chc nng In CircuitDebuggerICD 2 COM MPLAB Rt mnh, np c nhiu loi. Chc

nng In circuit debuggerWarp13A COM Tng thch PICStart

PlusNp nhanh, gi cao hn MCP

PIC16Pro40 LPT WinPICProg Mch np in hnh ca NigelGoodwin, c dng ging dy nhiu trng i hc trn th gii

ProPIC2 COM ICPROG, Propic2 C hai phn, phn thng thng cth t lm, phn c debugger phi

mua, gi rt cao.Labtools LPT Labtools Gi rt cao, np a dng, khng ph

hp vi vic chuyn np PICStart Kit 1 USB MPLAB Np c mt s loi, c th t lmPM2, PM3 COM,

USBMPLAB Gi rt cao, khng nn quan tm nu

cha c nhu cuICD1 Mirochip

COM MPLAB Gi cao, khng ph hp. Chc nngICD


13/17

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ICD2 Microchip

USB MPLAB Gi cao, khng ph hp. Chc nngICD

Tt c cc mch nguyn l v chng trnh np u c trong CD, ngoi ra, trong CDcng c nhng chng trnh v mch np chng ti khng lit k ra y. Mt smch np khng c s nguyn l v khng c cho min ph.

Ring mch MCP-USB, chng ti lm c v d kin s bn trong thi gian spti. Tuy nhin, mch ny gi linh kin kh cao, thit ngh khng ph hp lm vi sinhvin, tc np li chm. Ch ph hp vi cc bn mun lm thc nghim vi nhiuloi vi iu khin khc nhau thc hin sn phm thng mi.

Ngoi cch np chng trnh thng thng bng mch np (programmer), cc bncn c mt cch np khc, tn dng chc nng self-programming ca PIC, l

bootloader. Tuy nhin, v cha trnh by cho cc bn v cu trc b nh ca PIC, do, chng ti tm gc phn gii thiu v bootloader li cho phn sau.

3. Dng c hc tp ca bn u ?

iu u tin cc bn cn c l 2 con PIC16F628A v 16F877A. Cc bn c th tm thycc con PIC ny cc ch in t nh Hng Trng H Ni hoc Nht To TPHCM.Tuy nhin, cc bn vn c th mua c PIC thng qua mt s ngi bn l trnwww.diendandientu.com, theo tham kho th gi PIC trn din n tng i r hn sovi gi PIC cc ch in t.

Cng vic th hai, l cc bn cn phi ci t cc phn mm cn thit bt u ccbi hc lp trnh. Cc chng trnh MPLAB IDE, CCS C v HT PIC u c sn trong aCD, cc bn nn xem hng dn trong a CD v ci t theo hng dn.

Tip theo, cc bn cn c mt mch np np cho PIC. Chng ti la chn mch npPG2C nh mt v d in hnh hng dn cc bn cch lm mch v thao tc vichng trnh np ICProg. L do chng ti la chn mch np ny l v n tng i dlm, v gi linh kin thc hin mch np cng tng i r. Trong CD, c cung cp s nguyn l, mch in v c cc file ORCAD ca mch np ny. Cui cng, cc bn cnchp cc file trong th mc ICProg vo a cng chy, chng trnh ny khng cn

ci t.Do c rt nhiu vn c hi xung quanh ICProg, chng ti trnh by phn ci tchng trnh mt cch c th trong ti liu hng dn lun.

Khi chp vo a cng, cn phi chp y c th mc vo a cng v to mtshortcut ngoi desktop tin vic s dng sau ny.
http://www.diendandientu.com/http://www.diendandientu.com/


14/17

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Chy chng trnh ICProg.exeB qua tt c cc thng bo li m c chng trnh ra.Chn Settings >> Clear Settings


15/17

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Sau khi nhn Yes lin tc, mt mn hnh Hardware settings s hin ra. Do chng ta chndng b np PG2C l mt b np c pht trin ca JDM, cho nn phn Programmerchng ta s chn JDM Programmer. Phn Ports, chng ta s chn COM 2 hoc COM 3ty theo my tnh ca bn. Tuy nhin, thng th chng ta nn chn COM 2, v COM 3chnh l COM 1 v COM 1 thng hay dng cho cc cng vic khc. Phn Interface, ccbn chn Windows API v phn Communication cc bn khng nh du g c. Cc bnnhn OK. Khi s dng Windows API, cc bn khng cn quan tm n phn I/O Delay.


16/17

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Mn hnh ban u sau khi khi ng li IC-Prog hin ra nh hnh trn. Chng ta s chnSettings >> Options tip tc ci t cho IC-Prog.

Mn hnh Options s hin ra. Cc bn s ch quan tm ti phn Misc, cn cc phn khckhng cn quan tm. C mc nh nh chng trnh ban u c.


17/17

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Cc bn chn Enable Vcc control for JDM, sau mi chn tip Enable NT/2000/XPDriver. Khi bn chn Enable Driver xong, ngay lp tc s c mt mn hnh Confirm hin

ln nh trong hnh trn. Cc bn nhn Yes ci t.Lu rng, driver nm sn trong th mc ICProg m cc bn chp sang. Do vy,ICProg s t ng nhn ra v khi ng li ICProg.

Mt mn hnh Confirm khc s hin ra yu cu bn xc nhn vic ci t driver choWindows NT/2000/XP. Cc bn chn Yes.

Nh vy, cng vic ci t hon tt.

Chng ti hng dn cc bn ci t theo cc bc trn l v hin nay, a s cc bn uchn Windows XP s dng. Windows 98se khng cn ph bin na. Nu cc bnvn dng Windows 98se th cc bn chn Interface Direct I/O thay v chn WindowsAPI, v cc bn nguyn I/O Delay (10) l mc nh. Tc np s nhanh hn, tuy

nhin chng ta tm gc li chuyn ny y.Sau khi ci t cc chng trnh MPLAB IDE, CCS C, HT PIC v IC-Prog, cc bn hon tt bi hc th nht cho vic chun b cc dng c hc tp trn my tnh.

Bi hc th hai, hon ton khng lin quan n vi iu khin, nhng thit ngh n li rtcn thit cho cc bn trong vic lm mch chy cho vi iu khin sau ny, l vic lmmch in. Trong bi hc ny, chng ta s ly vic lm mch np PG2C lm th d. Nhvy, chng ta va c th lm ra mt dng c hc tp na, li va tit kim thi gian.

4. in t c bn dng cho vi iu khin

c nhiu bn t cu hi v nhng iu v cng n gin l nn chn in tr nhth no, ti sao li mc chn linh kin nh th ? Nhng iu ny tht l kh tr liv n qu n gin vi cc bn hc in t, v li dng nh l m h vi cc bnmi hc, nht l khi cc bn cha tn mt thy ci in tr, transistor, hay ci diodethc t n ra lm sao.

Hng dn lm mch in

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