hoffer mdm11e tif 02

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Modern Database Management, 11e (Hoffer et al.)

Chapter 2 Modeling Data in the Organization

1) Data modeling may be the most important part of the systems development process because:

A) data characteristics are important in the design of programs and other systems components.

B) the data in a system are generally less complex than processes and play a central role indevelopment.

C) data are less stable than processes.

D) it is the easiest.Answer: A

Diff: 1 age !ef: "#

$opic: %ntroduction

AAC&B: Analytic &'ills( se of %nformation $echnology

*) $he logical representation of an organi+ation,s data is called a-n):

A) database model.

B) entityrelationship model.C) relationship systems design.

D) database entity diagram.Answer: B

Diff: 1 age !ef: "/

$opic: $he 0! odel: An 2verviewAAC&B: se of %nformation $echnology

3) $he common types of entities are:

A) strong entities.B) wea' entities.

C) associative entities.D) all of the above.Answer: D

Diff: * age !ef: "/

$opic: %ntroductionAAC&B: se of %nformation $echnology

4) %n an 0! diagram( there are 55555555 business rule-s) for every relationship.

A) twoB) three

C) one

D) noneAnswer: A

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$opic: $he 0! odel: An 2verviewAAC&B: se of %nformation $echnology

1

Copyright 7 *813 earson 0ducation( %nc. ublishing as rentice 9all



") Business policies and rules govern all of the following 0C0$:

A) managing employees.

B) creating data.C) updating data.

D) removing data.

Answer: ADiff: * age !ef: #8

$opic: $he 0! odel: An 2verview

AAC&B: !eflective $hin'ing&ubtopic: etadata

#) A business rule:

A) defines or constrains some aspect of the business.B) asserts business structure.

C) controls or influences the behavior of the business.

D) all of the above.

Answer: DDiff: 1 age !ef: #1

$opic: odeling the !ules of the 2rgani+ationAAC&B: se of %nformation $echnology

&ubtopic: 2verview of Business !ules

/) ;hich of the following is <2$ a characteristic of a good business rule=

A) Declarative

B) Atomic

C) %nconsistentD) 0xpressible

Answer: C

Diff: * age !ef: #*$opic: odeling the !ules of the 2rgani+ation

AAC&B: Analytic &'ills

&ubtopic: &cope of Business !ules

>) ;hich of the following is <2$ a good characteristic of a data name=

A) !elates to business characteristics

B) !eadableC) !epeatable

D) !elates to a technical characteristic of the system

Answer: DDiff: * age !ef: #3

$opic: odeling the !ules of the 2rgani+ation

AAC&B: Analytic &'ills&ubtopic: Data <ames and Definitions

*




6) A fact is an association between two or more:

A) words.

B) terms.C) facts.

D) nuggets.

Answer: BDiff: 1 age !ef: #4


AAC&B: Analytic &'ills&ubtopic: Data Definitions

18) A good data definition will describe all of the characteristics of a data ob?ect 0C0$:

A) subtleties.B) examples.

C) who determines the value of the data.

D) who can delete the data.

Answer: DDiff: 1 age !ef: #4

$opic: odeling the !ules of the 2rgani+ationAAC&B: Analytic &'ills

&ubtopic: Data Definitions

11) Customers( cars( and parts are examples of:

A) entities.

B) attributes.

C) cardinals.D) relationships.

Answer: A

Diff: 1 age !ef: ##$opic: odeling 0ntities and Attributes


1*) ;hich of the following is an entity type on which a strong entity depends=

A) 2wner

B) ember

C) AttributeD) <one of the above

Answer: D

Diff: * age !ef: #/( #>$opic: odeling 0ntities and Attributes

AAC&B: !eflective $hin'ing( se of %nformation $echnology

&ubtopic: &trong @ersus ;ea' 0ntity $ypes

3




13) An entity type whose existence depends on another entity type is called a 55555555 entity.

A) strong

B) wea'C) codependent

D) variant

Answer: BDiff: 1 age !ef: #/

$opic: odeling 0ntities and Attributes

AAC&B: !eflective $hin'ing&ubtopic: &trong @ersus ;ea' 0ntity $ypes

14) $he following figure shows an example of:

A) a onetomany relationship.

B) a strong entity and its associated wea' entity.C) a codependent relationship.

D) a doublewalled relationship.

Answer: BDiff: * age !ef: #/( #>


AAC&B: Analytic &'ills


1") A-n) 55555555 is the relationship between a wea' entity type and its owner.A) member chainB) identifying relationship

C) ?ump path

D) chain lin'Answer: B

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$opic: odeling 0ntities and AttributesAAC&B: Analytic &'ills( !eflective $hin'ing


4




1#) An entity type name should be all of the following 0C0$:

A) concise.

B) specific to the organi+ation.C) as short as possible.

D) a singular noun.

Answer: CDiff: * age !ef: #>( #6


AAC&B: Analytic &'ills( !eflective $hin'ing&ubtopic: <aming and Defining 0ntity $ypes

1/) A property or characteristic of an entity type that is of interest to the organi+ation is called

a-n):A) attribute.

B) coexisting entity.

C) relationship.

D) crossfunction.Answer: A

Diff: 1 age !ef: /8$opic: odeling 0ntities and Attributes

AAC&B: se of %nformation $echnology

&ubtopic: Attributes

1>) An attribute that must have a value for every entity -or relationship) instance is a-n):

A) composite attribute.B) reuired attribute.

C) optional attribute.

D) multivalued attribute.Answer: B

Diff: 1 age !ef: /8

$opic: odeling 0ntities and AttributesAAC&B: Analytic &'ills


16) A person,s name( birthday( and social security number are all examples of:A) attributes.

B) entities.

C) relationships.D) descriptors.

Answer: A

Diff: * age !ef: /8$opic: odeling 0ntities and Attributes

AAC&B: !eflective $hin'ing


"




*8) An attribute of an entity that must have a value for each entity instance is a-n):

A) optional attribute.

B) composite attribute.C) reuired attribute.

D) fu++y attribute.

Answer: CDiff: 1 age !ef: /8


AAC&B: !eflective $hin'ing&ubtopic: Attributes

*1) An attribute that can be bro'en down into smaller parts is called a-n) 55555555 attribute.

A) associativeB) simple

C) composite

D) complex

Answer: CDiff: 1 age !ef: /1

$opic: odeling 0ntities and AttributesAAC&B: se of %nformation $echnology


**) $he following figure shows an example of:

A) a composite attribute.B) a relational attribute.

C) a derived attribute.

D) a multivalued attribute.Answer: A

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$opic: odeling 0ntities and AttributesAAC&B: Analytic &'ills( se of %nformation $echnology


#




*3) %n the figure below( which attribute is multivalued=

A) ears50mployed

B) 0mployee5%DC) &'ill

D) Address

Answer: CDiff: * age !ef: /1



*4) %n the figure below( which attribute is derived=

A) ears50mployed

B) 0mployee5%D

C) &'illD) Address

Answer: A

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/




*") An attribute that can be calculated from related attribute values is called a-n) 55555555

attribute.

A) simpleB) composite

C) multivalued

D) derivedAnswer: D

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*#) $he total ui+ points for a student for an entire semester is a-n) 55555555 attribute.A) derived

B) mixed

C) stored

D) addressedAnswer: A

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*/) ;hich of the following criteria should be considered when selecting an identifier=

A) Choose an identifier that is stable.B) Choose an identifier that will not be null.

C) Choose an identifier that doesn,t have large composite attributes.

D) All of the above.Answer: D

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&ubtopic: %dentifier Attribute

*>) An attribute that uniuely identifies an entity and consists of a composite attribute is calleda-n):

A) composite attribute.

B) composite identifier.C) identifying attribute.

D) relationship identifier.

Answer: BDiff: 1 age !ef: /3




>




*6) An entity that associates the instances of one or more entity types and contains attributes

specific to the relationships is called a-n):

A) associative entity.B) connecting entity.

C) intersectional entity.

D) all of the above.Answer: A

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$opic: odeling !elationshipsAAC&B: se of %nformation $echnology

&ubtopic: Basic Concepts and Definitions in !elationships

38) ;hich of the following conditions should exist if an associative entity is to be created=A) All the relationships for the participating entities are manytomany.

B) $he new associative entity has independent meaning.

C) $he new associative entity participates in independent relationships.

D) All of the above.Answer: D

Diff: * age !ef: />$opic: odeling !elationships


&ubtopic: Associative 0ntities

31) $he number of entity types that participate in a relationship is called the:

A) number.B) identifying characteristic.

C) degree.

D) counter.Answer: C

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&ubtopic: Degree of a !elationship

3*) A relationship between the instances of a single entity type is called a-n) 55555555relationship.

A) ternary

B) primaryC) binary

D) unary

Answer: DDiff: * age !ef: /6

$opic: odeling !elationships



6




33) A student can attend five classes( each with a different professor. 0ach professor has 38

students. $he relationship of students to professors is a 55555555 relationship.

A) onetooneB) manytomany

C) onetomany

D) strongAnswer: B

Diff: 3 age !ef: >1

$opic: odeling !elationshipsAAC&B: Analytic &'ills( se of %nformation $echnology


34) %n the following diagram( what type of relationship is depicted=

A) nary

B) Binary

C) $ernaryD) uad

Answer: C

Diff: * age !ef: >*$opic: odeling !elationships



18




3") %n the following diagram( which is true=

A) %t depicts a unary relationship.

B) %t depicts a manytomany relationship.C) $here is an associative entity.

D) All of the above.

Answer: DDiff: 3 age !ef: >1( >*


AAC&B: Analytic &'ills( se of %nformation $echnology&ubtopic: Degree of a !elationship

3#) A 55555555 specifies the number of instances of one entity that can be associated with eachinstance of another entity.

A) degreeB) cardinality constraintC) counter constraint

D) limit

Answer: B

Diff: 1 age !ef: >"$opic: odeling !elationships


&ubtopic: Cardinality Constraints

11




3/) A simultaneous relationship among the instances of three entity types is called a-n) 55555555

relationship.

A) ternaryB) tertiary

C) primary

D) binaryAnswer: A

Diff: 1 age !ef: >*



3>) %n the figure shown below( which of the following is true=

A) A person can marry at most one person.

B) A person has to be married.

C) A person can marry more than one person( but that person can only be married to one person.

D) A person can marry more than one person.Answer: A

Diff: * age !ef: >#$opic: odeling !elationships



36) A relationship where the minimum and maximum cardinality are both one is a-n) 55555555

relationship.

A) optionalB) unidirectional

C) mandatory lin'D) mandatory oneAnswer: D

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1*




48) or the relationship represented in the figure below( which of the following is true=

A) An employee can wor' in more than one department but does not have to wor' for anydepartment.

B) A department must have at least one employee.

C) A department can have more than one employee.D) An employee has to wor' for more than one department.

Answer: C

Diff: 3 age !ef: >"( >#$opic: odeling !elationships



41) %n the following diagram( which of the answers below is true=

A) 0ach patient has one or more patient histories.

B) 0ach patient has one and only one visit.

C) 0ach patient history belongs to one and only one patient.D) Both A and C

Answer: DDiff: * age !ef: >"( >#$opic: odeling !elationships



13




4*) %n the figure shown below( which of the following business rules would apply=

A) 0ach vendor can supply many parts to any number of warehouses( but need not supply any

parts.

B) 0ach part must be supplied by exactly one vendor to any number of warehouses.C) 0ach warehouse can be supplied with any number of parts from more than one vendor( and

each warehouse could be supplied with no parts.

D) <one of the above.Answer: A

Diff: 3 age !ef: >/


AAC&B: Analytic &'ills( se of %nformation $echnology&ubtopic: A $ernary !elationship

43) A value that indicates the date or time of a data value is called a-n):A) value stamp.

B) time stamp.

C) chec'point.D) chec' counter.

Answer: B

Diff: 1 age !ef: >/( >>


&ubtopic: odeling $imeDependent Data

14




44) %n the following diagram( which answer is true=

A) 0ach employee can supervise one to many employees.

B) 0ach employee can manage many departments.

C) 0ach employee wor's in more than one department.D) All of the above.

Answer: A

Diff: 3 age !ef: 68( 61$opic: odeling !elationships


&ubtopic: ultiple !elationships

4") A mutually exclusive relationship is one in which:

A) an entity instance can participate in many different relationships.

B) an entity instance can participate in only one of several alternative relationships.C) an entity instance can not participate in a relationship with another entity instance.

D) none of the above.

Answer: B

Diff: 3 age !ef: 6*( 63$opic: odeling !elationships

AAC&B: Analytic &'ills( se of %nformation $echnology&ubtopic: <aming and Defining !elationships

4#) ost systems developers believe that data modeling is the least important part of the systemsdevelopment process.

Answer: AE&0

Diff: * age !ef: "#

$opic: %ntroductionAAC&B: !eflective $hin'ing

4/) Data( rather than processes( are the most complex aspects of many modern informationsystems.

Answer: $!0

Diff: * age !ef: "#$opic: %ntroduction


1"




4>) $he 0! model is used to construct a conceptual model.

Answer: $!0

Diff: * age !ef: "#$opic: %ntroduction


46) %n an 0! diagram( strong entities are represented by doublewalled rectangles.

Answer: AE&0Diff: * age !ef: #8



&ubtopic: 0! odel <otation

"8) %n an 0! diagram( an associative entity is represented by a rounded rectangle.

Answer: $!0Diff: * age !ef: #8


AAC&B: se of %nformation $echnology&ubtopic: 0! odel <otation

"1) Data modeling is about documenting rules and policies of an organi+ation that govern data.

Answer: $!0Diff: * age !ef: #8


AAC&B: !eflective $hin'ing&ubtopic: etadata

"*) 2ne of the roles of a database analyst is to identify and understand rules that govern data.Answer: $!0

Diff: 1 age !ef: #1

$opic: odeling the !ules of the 2rgani+ationAAC&B: !eflective $hin'ing

"3) $he purpose of data modeling is to document business rules about processes.

Answer: AE&0Diff: * age !ef: #1



"4) A business rule is a statement that defines or constrains some aspect of the business.

Answer: $!0Diff: 1 age !ef: #1




1#




"") $he intent of a business rule is to brea' down business structure.

Answer: AE&0

Diff: 1 age !ef: #1$opic: odeling the !ules of the 2rgani+ation



"#) 0nforcement of business rules can be automated through the use of software tools that caninterpret the rules and enforce them.

Answer: $!0

Diff: * age !ef: #*


&ubtopic: $he Business !ules aradigm

"/) ;hen systems are automatically generated and maintained( uality is diminished.

Answer: AE&0



&ubtopic: $he Business !ules aradigm

">) A business rule is a statement of how a policy is enforced or conducted.

Answer: AE&0




"6) ;hile business rules are not redundant( a business rule can refer to another business rule.

Answer: $!0Diff: * age !ef: #*




#8) A business rule should be internally consistent.



AAC&B: se of %nformation $echnology&ubtopic: &cope of Business !ules

1/




#1) Business rules are formulated from a collection of business ramblings.

Answer: AE&0

Diff: * age !ef: #3$opic: odeling the !ules of the 2rgani+ation


&ubtopic: Fathering Business !ules

#*) Data names should always relate to business characteristics.




&ubtopic: Data <ames and Definitions

#3) Data names do not have to be uniue.Answer: AE&0

Diff: * age !ef: #3

$opic: odeling the !ules of the 2rgani+ationAAC&B: Analytic &'ills( se of %nformation $echnology


#4) An example of a term would be the following sentence: GA student registers for a course.GAnswer: AE&0

Diff: 3 age !ef: #4



#") A fact is an association between two or more terms.

Answer: $!0

Diff: 1 age !ef: #4$opic: odeling the !ules of the 2rgani+ation



##) A good data definition is always accompanied by diagrams( such as the entityrelationship

diagram.



AAC&B: Analytic &'ills( se of %nformation $echnology&ubtopic: Data <ames and Definitions

1>




#/) An entity is a person( place( ob?ect( event( or concept in the user environment about which

the organi+ation wishes to maintain data.

Answer: $!0Diff: 1 age !ef: ##



#>) A single occurrence of an entity is called an entity instance.

Answer: $!0Diff: * age !ef: ##



#6) $he relationship between a wea' entity type and its owner is an identifying relationship.

Answer: $!0

Diff: 1 age !ef: #>



/8) An entity type on which a strong entity is dependent is called a covariant entity.

Answer: AE&0Diff: * age !ef: #/


AAC&B: !eflective $hin'ing( se of %nformation $echnology&ubtopic: &trong @ersus ;ea' 0ntity $ypes

/1) An entity type name should always be a singular noun.Answer: $!0

Diff: 1 age !ef: #>


&ubtopic: <aming and Defining 0ntity $ypes

/*) $he name used for an entity type should never be the same in other 0! diagrams on whichthe entity appears.

Answer: AE&0

Diff: * age !ef: #6$opic: odeling 0ntities and Attributes


&ubtopic: <aming and Defining 0ntity $ypes

16




/3) &ome examples of attributes are: eye5color( weight( student5id( student.

Answer: AE&0

Diff: * age !ef: /8$opic: odeling 0ntities and Attributes



/4) A simple attribute can be bro'en down into smaller pieces.

Answer: AE&0Diff: 1 age !ef: /1




/") An attribute whose values can be calculated from related attribute values is called a derived

attribute.

Answer: $!0Diff: 1 age !ef: /*



/#) A multivalued attribute may ta'e on more than one value for a particular entity instance.

Answer: $!0

Diff: 1 age !ef: /1



//) %n the figure below( one might want to create a singleattribute surrogate identifier to

substitute for the composite identifier.

Answer: AE&0

Diff: 3 age !ef: /*( /3$opic: odeling 0ntities and AttributesAAC&B: Analytic &'ills( se of %nformation $echnology


*8




/>) ;hen choosing an identifier( choose one that will not change its value often.

Answer: $!0

Diff: 1 age !ef: /3$opic: odeling 0ntities and Attributes



/6) %t is desirable that no two attributes across all entity types have the same name.

Answer: $!0Diff: * age !ef: /3



&ubtopic: <aming and Defining Attributes

>8) %t is not permissible to associate attributes with relationships.

Answer: AE&0

Diff: * age !ef: /#$opic: odeling !elationships

AAC&B: se of %nformation $echnology&ubtopic: Basic Concepts and Definitions in !elationships

>1) A relationship instance is an association between entity instances where each relationshipinstance includes exactly one entity from each participating entity type.

Answer: AE&0

Diff: 1 age !ef: /#

$opic: odeling !elationshipsAAC&B: !eflective $hin'ing

&ubtopic: Basic Concepts and Definitions in !elationships

>*) 2ne reason to use an associative entity is if the associative entity has one or more attributes

in addition to the identifier.

Answer: $!0Diff: 1 age !ef: />




>3) $he degree of a relationship is the number of attributes that are associated with it.Answer: AE&0

Diff: 1 age !ef: /6

$opic: odeling !elationshipsAAC&B: !eflective $hin'ing( se of %nformation $echnology


*1




>4) $he relationship between the instances of two entity types is called a binary relationship.

Answer: $!0

Diff: 1 age !ef: >1( >*$opic: odeling !elationships



>") $he relationship among the instances of three entity types is called a unary relationship.

Answer: AE&0Diff: 1 age !ef: >*




>#) A cardinality constraint tells what 'inds of properties are associated with an entity.

Answer: AE&0

Diff: 1 age !ef: >"$opic: odeling !elationships

AAC&B: se of %nformation $echnology&ubtopic: Cardinality Constraints

>/) $he maximum criminality of a relationship is the maximum number of instances of entity Bthat may be associated with each instance of entity A.

Answer: AE&0

Diff: 1 age !ef: >"

$opic: odeling !elationshipsAAC&B: !eflective $hin'ing( se of %nformation $echnology


>>) articipation in a relationship may be optional or mandatory.

Answer: $!0

Diff: * age !ef: >"$opic: odeling !elationships



>6) A ternary relationship is euivalent to three binary relationships.

Answer: AE&0

Diff: * age !ef: >/$opic: odeling !elationships



**




68) A time stamp is a time value that is associated with a data value.

Answer: $!0

Diff: * age !ef: >>$opic: odeling $imeDependent Data


61) !elationships represent action being ta'en using a verb phrase.

Answer: $!0

Diff: * age !ef: 6*$opic: odeling !elationships


&ubtopic: <aming and Defining !elationships

6*) %n the figure below( the name of the relationship follows the guidelines for naming a

relationship.

Answer: AE&0Diff: * age !ef: 6*( 63



&ubtopic: <aming and Defining !elationships

63) 2n what premises are business rules based=

Answer: A business rules approach is based on the following:1. Because business rules are an expression of business policy( they are a core concept in an

enterprise.

*. <atural language for endusers and a data model for developers can be used to state businessrules.

Diff: * age !ef: #1( #*


AAC&B: !eflective $hin'ing&ubtopic: $he Business !ules aradigm

*3




64) ;hat are some of the guidelines for good data names of ob?ects in general=

Answer:

Data names always should:1. !elate to the business not technical characteristics. &tudent would be a good name but not

filest8*3.

*. Be meaningful so that the name tells what the ob?ect is about3. Be uniue

4. Be readable

". Be composed of words ta'en from an approved list#. Be repeatable

/. ollow a standard syntax

Diff: * age !ef: #3( #4

$opic: odeling the !ules of the 2rgani+ationAAC&B: Analytic &'ills( !eflective $hin'ing


6") ;hat is the difference between an entity type and an entity instance=

Answer: An entity type is a collection of entities that share common properties. An entityinstance is a single occurrence of an entity type. &o( for example( &$D0<$ is an entity type

and Hohn &mith is an entity instance.

Diff: * age !ef: ##


&ubtopic: 0ntities

6#) 9ow is a strong entity different from a wea' entity=

Answer: A strong entity type exists independently of any other entities. A wea' entity type

depends on another -strong) entity type. ;hen an instance of the strong entity type no longerexists( any wea' entity instances which depend upon the strong entity cease to exist.

Diff: * age !ef: #/( #>



6/) ;hat is the difference between a simple attribute and a composite attribute=Answer: A simple attribute cannot be bro'en down into smaller components whereas a

composite attribute can be. An example of a simple attribute is last name. An example of a

composite attribute is mailing5address( which would have street( city( state and +ip code ascomponents.

Diff: * age !ef: /1



*4




6>) ;hat is a derived attribute( and how is it different from a stored attribute=

Answer: A derived attribute is an attribute whose value can be calculated from other related

attributes. A derived attribute is not stored in the physical table which is eventually created fromthe 0!D. A stored attribute( as its name implies( is stored as a column in the physical table.

Diff: * age !ef: /*


&ubtopic: &tored vs. Derived Attributes

66) ;hat is an associative entity= ;hat four conditions should exist in order to convert a

relationship to an associative entity=

Answer: An associative entity is an entity type that associates the instances of one or more entitytypes and contains attributes that are peculiar to the relationship between those entity instances.

2ften( a manytomany relationship is converted to an associative entity. $he following four

conditions should exist in order to do this:1. All the relationships for the participating entities types are many relationships.

*. $he resulting associative entity has independent meaning.

3. $he associative entity has one or more attributes other than the identifier.4. $he associative entity participates in one or more relationships independent of the entities in

the associative relationship.

Diff: * age !ef: //( />

$opic: odeling !elationshipsAAC&B: Analytic &'ills


188) ;hat are the three different degrees of relationship=

Answer: $he thee possible degrees are: nary -an instance of one entity is related to an instance

of the same entity type)( Binary -an entity instance of one type is related to an entity instance ofanother type) and $ernary -instance of three different types participate in a relationship).

Diff: * age !ef: /6>*

$opic: Basic Concepts and Definitions in !elationshipsAAC&B: Analytic &'ills( !eflective $hin'ing


hoffer mdm11e tif 02

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