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8/8/2019 Holy Thishtle

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Holy-Thistle

Silybum marianum

Prepared by

Naveen.M.N

PHK-820


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INTRODUCTION

Holy-Thistle (Silybum marianum) Family:Asteraceae.

According to Greek-physician Dioscoroids (first century AD)- Parts of holy thistle as a remedy for those who have theirbody drawn backwards.

Mentioned in the writings venerable Bede (872-735) as aplant which was cure for all and had supernatural powers.

Seedscontain flavonoid silymarin and sylibin (maincomponents for the antihepatotoxic property of the drug).


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In Europe - Used against jaundice, intermittantfevers, dropsy and utirine trouble.

The seeds are pungent, demulcent andantispasmodic, used for the treatment ofcalculi of liver and gall bladder and incontrolling hemorrhages.

The flowering heads - Consumed by diabetics.

Extract of seeds - Increase the peristalsis ofsmall intestine and is mildly purgative.

Spiny nature plant.


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DESCRIPTION OF THE

PLANT

Errect annual or biennial, 120-130 cm tall.

Stem - pale green, simple or

slightly branching.

Leaves - Large, mottled withwhite, pinnatified into ovate,triangular, sinuate toothed,

spiny lobes.

Flowers - Hermophrodite andfertile, purple or white, tubeslender, limb dilated below,

five-fid.


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SOIL

Very hardy plant.

Sandy loam soils with good drainage are ideal.

Successful even on marginal lands bysupplementing the nutrients through fertilizerapplication.

CLIMATE Prefers moderate climate.

Places with extreme climates are unsuitable.

Up to altitude 2400 m from sea level.


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CULTIVATION

SOWING

Seeds from previous season crop. Sowing - September-October in plains.

March-April in hills.

Sowing methods - Broadcasting then thinning to

60X60cm later, or sown at 60 x 60 cm spacingusing the seed drill.

Manures and fertilizers

FYM - 8-10 tonnes 120:100:75 NPK/ha respectively.

Half of N and whole of P and K - At the time ofplanting.

Half of nitrogen - Top dressing after one month.


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IRRIGATION AND WEEDING

Hardy crop and does not require very frequent irrigations.

Early stages - At weekly intervals.

Subsequently, watering once in a fortnight will be enough.

10-12 irrigations during the entire cropping season.

One or two weedings when the plants are young.

INSECT PESTS AND DISEASES

Free from many pests and diseases.

Tanyameus polliatus (controlled by spray of 0.03 per cent

Methyl pararthion.). Among the diseases, root-wilt caused by Rhizoctonia species

observed under Bangalore conditions .

Controlled by drenching the soil by fungicides like captof,Brassicol etc., (0.1%).


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Harvesting and yield

4 months crop, prickly nature.

Harvested by cutting the individual heads with thehelp of any sharp instruments.

Harvesting is done 2-3 times.

Problem of seed shattering.

Heads harvested when the seeds are just turningbrown.

Spread in the threshing yard for 3-4 days for drying.

Then threshed and stored.

YIELD

About 1 tonn of seed per hectare.


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HOLY THISTLE PRODUCTS


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