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Govlr Eot 2.:

E.[. LFLKQUOIMK LI@MILLUMI@, EBQKG 5::7

Mitlribf BavmsorNbgba Bgdla [maamqum

Bssmstbit Zronlssor

Lflktroimks

[[\LQ, Cbrbkgm

Lxtlribf BavmsorDbqeoof Bgdla

[maamqum

Dbib`lr Lflktroimks

[\ZBUKO,

Cbrbkgm

[uedmttla ey8

Dugbddla ]ousun LL-5::7-:0

BKCIOPFLA@LDLIQ .............................................................................................. 0

BE[QUBKQ .................................................................................................................... 7

KGBZQLU OIL8 MIQUOA\KQMOI ........................................................................... 2:

2.2 [LFLKQMOI ON ZUOHLKQ .......................................................................... 2:

2.5 [kopl on Zrohlkt ............................................................................................. 2:

2.; [yiopsms ......................................................................................................... 2:

2.1 Dotmvbtmoi ...................................................................................................... 25

2.< Ovlrvmlw ........................................................................................................ 25

2.> [m`imnmkbikl on prohlkt ................................................................................... 25

2.0 Zrohlkt Ulqumrldlits ..................................................................................... 21

2.7 Dltgoaofo`y .................................................................................................. 21

2.= Ruba-rotors Dovldlit bia Koitrof ............................................................. 2

2.2:.2 ZZD.......................................................................................................... 2>

2.22 Lflktroimk [plla Koitrof (L[K) ................................................................. 20

2.25 ZPD ........................................................................................................... 20

2.2; B^U dbmieobra .......................................................................................... 27

2.21 Pmrlflss Kodduimkbtmoi ........................................................................... 2=

2.2< Xm`Ell ........................................................................................................ 2=

KGBZQLU QPO8 EBKC@UO\IA ............................................................................ 52

5.2 Gmstory ............................................................................................................ 525.5 Nlbturls8 ......................................................................................................... 5;

5.; Kodpbrmsois & Nlbsmemfmty ............................................................................. 51

5.;.2 Glfmkoptlr8............................................................................................... 51

5.;.5 Qrm Koptlr8 ............................................................................................... 5

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BKCIOPFLA@LDLIQ

Mi tgl ibdl on BFFBG tgl dost dlrkmnuf3 tgl oil bia oify suprldl powlr,

tgl oil wgosl wmff dbcls lvlrytgmi` possmefl, bia tgl oil wmtgout wgosl wmff tgl

smdpflst ms mdpossmefl.

Pl brl tgbicnuf to BFDM@GQ] BFFBG nor `mvmi` us tgl kourb`l bia

strli`tg to sukklssnuffy kodpfltl our prohlkt, uialr tgl tmtfl Govlr EOQ 2.:.

Pl woufa fmcl to tgbic our Nbdmfy dldelrs nor tglmr prbylrs, `umabikl,

support bia kbrl. Pmtgout tglmr dorbf bia nmibikmbf support mt woufa iot gbvl elli

possmefl nor us to bkgmlvl tgms dmflstoil.

Pl lxprlss our mialetlailss bia glbrtnlft `rbtmtual to Dr.Nbgba Bgdla [maamqum,

uialr wgosl befl bia smiklrl bavmkl bia `umabikl wl gbvl elkodl sukklssnuf mi

kodpfltmi` tgms prohlkt.

Pl bfso wmsg our `rbtmtual to bff tgl stbnn mi tgl uimvlrsmty. Bia fbst eut iot tgl flbst

wl bkciowfla`l tgl lnnorts on our tlbkglrs wgo gbvl elli our sourkl on mispmrbtmoi

tgrou`gout tgl uimvlrsmty ylbrs bia gbvl sgbrla tglmr ciowfla`l bia scmffs wmtg us.

Qo bff tglsl plopfl bia dbiy dorl, wl gbvl nbmfla to dlitmoi wl lxtliala our smiklrl

tgbics.

@roup Dldelrs

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BE[QUBKQ

GovlrEot 2.: ms bi \i-Dbiila Blrmbf bia @rouia ^lgmkfl. Mt ms b Govlr Eot 2.: oi

Pgllfs koitroffla wmrlflssfy ey b @bdl Koitrofflr koiilktla to b Fbptop wgmkg slias

bia rlklmvls sm`ibfs to bia nrod GovlrEot 2.: bia amspfbys Doimtory abtb oi b @\M.

GovlrEot 2.: ms kbrlnuffy alsm`ila to dbmitbmi b ebfbikl eltwlli Uoeustilss, Plm`gt,

[plla, [tbemfmty bia Foocs. Lbkg brd on GovlrEot 2.: ms 2 nt. mi fli`tg bia gbs b wmatg

on 2 kd. Qgl nour brds, dbal on Bfudmiud homi to`ltglr uialrilbtg tgl kmrkumt

gofami` brlb wgmkg ms Ebfsb Pooa, wgmkg ms stroi` ylt vlry fm`gt mi wlm`gt. Qgl

ebttlry gofalr ms b kut out pfbstmk pmlkl sbiawmkgla mi b [tyronobd sgokc besorelr. Qgl

wgllfs brl douitla uialr tgl brds bia brl lqumamstbit nrod tgl klitlr. Qgl glbrt on

GovlrEot 2.:, mts dbmieobra fmls oi top on tgl Ebfsb Pooa kmrkumt gofalr wgmkg

koismsts on bi Btdl`b ;5 (B^U) Dmkrokoitrofflr wgmkg koitrofs eotg, tgl Govlr Eot

2.: bia tgl Pgllfs uialrilbtg mt. Qgl B^U dbmieobra bfso koismsts on 5 vlry

mdportbit Kodpoilits.

2. WELL Pmrlflss Ulklmvlr5. Milrtmbf Dlbsurldlit \imt

Qgl WELL Pmrlflss Kodduimkbtmois Doaufl ms lbsy to mitlrnbkl wmtg b kodputlr bs

kodpbrla to otglr UN Kodduimkbtmois Doaufls. Mt ms mitlrnbkla tgrou`g tgl slrmbf port

oi our fbptop. Qgl Milrtmbf Dlbsurldlit uimt ms bi lxtrldlfy mdportbit kodpoilit on

GovlrEot 2.:. Mt provmals abtb beout tgl ormlitbtmoi on GovlrEot 2.: mi bmr. Qgms abtb ms

bibfo` bia ms rlklmvla ey tgl B^U tgrou`g mts BAKs. Qgl B^U gbs 1 ZPD

`lilrbtors wgmkg ms mts dost mdportbit bppfmkbtmoi mi tgms prohlkt. Qgl ZPD sm`ibfs brl

slit to L[Ks wgmkg koivlrt tgld mito ZZD sm`ibfs tgbt koitrof tgl splla on tgl Erusg

Flss AK Dotors. Douitla uialr tgl ebttlry gofami` [tyronobd ms b wmrlflss Kbdlrb

tgbt provmals rlbf tmdl nootb`l on tgl nmlfa. Qgl L[Ks bfso gbvl b splkmbf nlbturl on

iomsl rlhlktmoi. Biy abtb otglr tgbi tgl rlqumrla ZPD sm`ibf ms rlhlktla ey tgl L[K.

GovlrEot 2.: gbs bi Buto-Zmfot nlbturl wgmkg ms bkgmlvla soflfy ey pro`rbddmi`, io

usl on @Z[ ms aoil nor tgl kbfkufbtmoi on amstbikl, flbrimi` tgl pbtg, or stbymi` wmtgmi

tgl rbi`l on WELL doaufl.

GovlrEot 2.: kbi el usla mi dmfmtbry oplrbtmois sukg bs Ulkoi bia [urvlmffbikl. Mt gbs

b pbyfoba kbpbkmty on :.< to :.7 C`. Mt kbi bfso el usla bs b wlbpoi. Mt kbi kbrry rm``la

lxpfosmvls to lildy ebrrmkbals bia trlikgls bia altoibtl, dmimdmzmi` tgl rmsc nor

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nrmliafy sofamlrs. @rouia doemfmty libefls GovlrEot 2.: to prlslrvl ebttlry, iot lvlry

alstmibtmoi rlqumrls bi blrmbf routl

=

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KGBZQLU OIL8 MIQUOA\KQMOI

Qgms rlport prlslits altbmfla mism`gts mito our Nmibf ]lbr Zrohlkt Qgl purposl on

tgms prohlkt ms to mitroaukl our `roup's worc oi tgl prohlkt tgbt wl stbrtla bfdost b ylbr

b`o. Pl gbvl mikfuala tgl bff tgl rlfbtmvl rlqumsmtls tgbt illala to el aoil to kodpfltl

tgms prohlkt. Bfso, wl gbvl mikfuala b amskussmoi on gow tgl alsm`is dllt tgl krmtlrmb

`mvli mi tgl prohlkt outfmil. Qgl Govlr Eot 2.: sgoufa el b vlry vlrsbtmfl Aroil nor

dmfmtbry purposls.

2.2 [LFLKQMOI ON ZUOHLKQ[lvlrbf possmefl prohlkts wlrl tgou`gt on wgmfl aomi` mimtmbf rlslbrkg. Lvli

Bntlr allp bia tgorou`g rlslbrkg wl koufait kodl up wmtg sodltgmi` wortgwgmfl.

Gowlvlr wl ama wbit to dbcl b prohlkt tgbt rlfbtla to tgl dmfmtbry. Pmtg sgllr fukc

wl kbdl up wmtg b rlkoiibmssbikl aroil tgbt wbs usla mi b kodputlr `bdl kbffla

NUOIQFMIL N\LF[ ON PBU tgbt wbs elmi` pfbyla ey b `roup dldelr bt tgbt

tmdl bia wl nlft tgbt tgms ms wgbt wl gbvl to dbcl. Mt wbs b gu`l kgbffli`l nor us tokrlbtl b dbkgmil tgbt woufa iot bppfy our ciowfla`l mito mt eut bfso woufa elkodl

uslnuf bia elilnmkmbf nor us bia otglr koiklrila plopfl.

2.5 [kopl on ZrohlktBntlr slflktmoi on tgl prohlkt, tgl `roup dldelrs alkmala to alnmil tgl skopl on

tgl prohlkt aul to tmdl fmdmtbtmois. Qgl eouiabrmls on tgl prohlkt sgoufa bfso el

alnmila nor bpprovbf bia bkgmlvmi` tgl elst dbxmdud rlsufts nrod tgms prohlkt mi tgl

prbktmkbf slisl.

2.; [yiopsmsBi butoiodous quba-rotor ms bi uidbiila glfmkoptlr wmtg nour gormzoitbf

nmxla rotors alsm`ila mi b squbrl, syddltrmk koinm`urbtmoi, wmtg tgl nroit bia ebkc

rotors rotbtmi` kouitlr-kfokcwmsl bia tgl smal rotors kfokcwmsl. Ruba-rotors wlrl

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koiklptubfmzla ey Ar. @lor`l al Eotglzbt bia Mvbi Hlrodl mi tgl 2=5:s. Lbrfy alsm`is

ilvlr bkgmlvla b govlrmi` glm`gt `rlbtlr tgbi nmvl dltlrs. Nlw bppfmkbefl usls brosl

nor tgl quba-rotor ovlr tgl ylbrs.

Ulklitfy, tgly gbvl elkodl b vlry popufbr koisudlr proaukt bs b rldotl

koitrof (UK) glfmkoptlr. Qgl quba-rotor ms sukg b pronmkmlit UK glfmkoptlr aul to tgl

nmxla rotor alsm`i, wgmkg koislqulitfy rlaukls tgl kgbikl on nbmfurl mi kodpbrmsoi

wmtg tgl bktubtmi` rotor alsm`i on smi`fl rotor UK glfmkoptlrs. Mi baamtmoi, gbvmi` nour

dotors vlrsus oil dotor bffows nor bi mikrlbsla potlitmbf tgrust. Qglrlnorl tgl quba-

rotor gbs mdprlssmvl dbiluvlrmi` kbpbemfmtmls tgbt dbcl mt b `rlbt miaoor bia/or

outaoor UK glfmkoptlr. Qgl bavbitb`ls to alvlfopmi` bi butoiodous dmimbturl quba-

rotor brl iudlrous bia dbcl mt b wortgy rlslbrkg topmk. Mi baamtmoi, gbvmi` nour

dotors vlrsus oil dotor bffows nor bi mikrlbsla potlitmbf tgrust. Qglrlnorl tgl quba-

rotor gbs mdprlssmvl dbiluvlrmi` kbpbemfmtmls tgbt dbcl mt b `rlbt miaoor bia/or

outaoor UK glfmkoptlr. Qgl bavbitb`ls to alvlfopmi` bi butoiodous dmimbturl quba-

rotor brl iudlrous bia dbcl mt b wortgy rlslbrkg topmk.

Alvlfopmi` bi butoiodous dmimbturl quba-rotor ymlfala dbiy amnnmkuftmls.

Mimtmbffy tglrl wbs rlslbrkg mito amnnlrlit typls on dotors, proplfflrs, ebttlrmls bia

koitrof skgldls mi bi lnnort to alvlfop tbsc splkmnmkbtmois to bkkodpfmsg nfm`gt. Qgl

dotors bia proplfflrs dust proaukl liou`g tgrust to fmnt bff tgl kodpoilits mito nfm`gt

bia dbiluvlr. Qgl ebttlrmls illa to gbvl b fbr`l liou`g kbpbkmty to bffow nor

sunnmkmlit nfm`gt tmdl. Bf`ormtgd nor tgl ayibdmk koitrof lqubtmois usla to korrlkt tgl

bttmtual on tgl quba-rotor bia krlbtl stlbay flvlf nfm`gt gbs to el nordufbtla. Bt tgl

sbdl tmdl, kodpoilits nor dovldlit posmtmoi dust el kgosli bia mdpfldlitla mito b

kmrkumt. Bfso, nrbdl dust el koistruktla to gofa tgl dotors bia bff tgl lflktroimk

kodpoilits. Oikl tgl nmibf koistruktmoi on tgl quba-rotor gbs elli kodpfltla, b

pro`rbd to usl tgl bf`ormtgds wmff el krlbtla to bffow tgl kodputlr to nfy tgl quba-

rotor. Qgus, tglrl brl dbiy nbklts mi koistruktmi` b quba-rotor proaukmi` dbiy

kgbffli`ls mi mitl`rbtmi` bff tgl kodpoilits.

Qgl `obf ms to alsm`i b dmimbturmzla butoiodous quba-rotor kbpbefl on tbcmi`

onn nrod b fbiala posmtmoi, dbiluvlrmi` to b pomit altlrdmila ey b pro`rbddmi`, so mt

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kbi govlr, bia fbia bt mts tbcl onn pomit. Qgl tlbd alsm`ila b quba-rotor ebsla oi tgl

UK glfmkoptlr koinm`urbtmois, lxklpt tgl provmala quba-rotors tgrust kbpbemfmtmls

illala mdprovldlit bs wlff bs tgl ebttlry oplrbtmi` tmdl to bkkodpfmsg tgl `obfs.

Bf`ormtgds wlrl alvlfopla to dbp tgl ayibdmks on tgl dmimbturl quba-rotor tomdpfldlit tgld mi b pro`rbd kbpbefl on nfymi` tgl glfmkoptlr.

2.1 DotmvbtmoiPl wlrl dotmvbtla to slflkt GovlrEot nor our Nmibf ]lbr Zrohlkt nrod b

Amskovlry Kgbiilf pro`rbd Nuturl Plbpois bia ey tgl koiklpt on b Uldotl

Koitroffla Aroil mi b kodputlr `bdl kbffla Nroitfmils - Nulfs on Pbr ey QGR mi

wgmkg tgl aroil wbs usla nor rlkoiibmssbikl dmssmois bia mt koufa bfso silbc mito

tlrrormst euiclrs/ebrrmkbals/gmalouts bia altoibtl mtslfn

2. [m`imnmkbikl on prohlktGmstormkbffy, glfmkoptlrs wmtg nour rotors (Govlr Eot 2.:s) gbvl iot elli vlry

koddoi, dbmify elkbusl dost on tgl usubf pbyfobas koufa el fmntla usmi` oil or two

rotors. Gowlvlr, tgl Govlr Eot 2.: posslssls sodl splkmbf kgbrbktlrmstmks tgbt dbcl mt

bttrbktmvl. Oil, on koursl, ms tgl suplrmor pbyfoba kbpbkmty. Qgl otglr ms tgl smdpfmkmty

on mts koitrof systld8 hust ey mialplialitfy bahustmi` tgl splla on lbkg rotor mt ms

possmefl to koitrof eotg tgl bftmtual bia tgl gormzoitbf/vlrtmkbf dotmoi. Qgms systld ms

pbrtmkufbrfy sumtbefl nor sdbff \B^s, elkbusl mt rlaukls tgl dlkgbimkbf kodpflxmty on

tgl rotors (sbvmi` vofudl bia wlm`gt) bia smdpfmnmls tgl koitrof bf`ormtgds. Govlr Eot

2.: aols iot rlqumrl dlkgbimkbf fmicb`ls to vbry tgl rotor efbal pmtkg bi`fl bs tgly

spmi. Qgms smdpfmnmls tgl alsm`i on tgl vlgmkfl, bia rlaukls dbmitlibikl tmdl bia kost.

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[lkoiafy, tgl usl on nour rotors bffows lbkg miamvmaubf rotor to gbvl b sdbfflr ambdltlr

tgbi tgl lqumvbflit glfmkoptlr rotor, nor b `mvli vlgmkfl smzl, bffowmi` tgld to storl

flss cmiltmk lilr`y aurmi` nfm`gt. Qgms rlaukls tgl abdb`l kbusla sgoufa tgl rotors gmt

biy oehlkts.

B quba koptlr bfso gbs dbiy bavbitb`ls ovlr bi bmrpfbil tglsl brl

Qgl dost mdportbit ms tgbt mt kbi govlr wglrlbs b koivlitmoibf bmrkrbnt kbit aoso.

Bi bmrkrbnt rlqumrls b ruiwby to fbia bia tbcl-onn wglrlbs b Govlr Eot 2.: kbiao ^QOF.

\idbiila blrmbf vlgmkfls (\B^s) brl krbnts kbpbefl on nfm`gt wmtgout bi

oieobra pmfot. Qgly kbi el koitroffla rldotlfy ey bi oplrbtor, or kbi el koitroffla

butoiodousfy vmb prl-pro`rbddla nfm`gt pbtgs. Prmttli pro`rbds gbvl tgl krbnt turi

oi, fmnt onn, govlr, trbisfbtl, bia fbia, or biy otglr kodemibtmoi on tglsl tbscs. Dorl

amnnmkuft tbscs, sukg bs b posmtmoimi` or ibvm`btmoibf systld rlqumrl baamtmoibf

kodpoilits bia dorl bavbikla pro`rbddmi`, eut kbi lbsmfy el babptla to tgms quba-

rotor.

Qgl quba-rotor mi tgms prohlkt ms kbpbefl on `rouia dovldlit bs wlff. [o, wl

kbi sby mt ms \idbiila Blrmbf bia @rouia ^lgmkfl (\.B.@.^.). Mt ms nmrst on mts cmia tmff

abtl. Bs b rlsuft on `rouia dovldlit, mt glfps dmfmtbry ey provmami` baamtmoibf support

nor spymi` purposl. Qgl otglr nlbturls brl mts fm`gt wlm`gt, qumkc bia sdbff krbnt on

kbrrymi` pby-foba up to 2 c`.

Bi lnnlktmvl butoiodous dmimbturl quba-rotor woufa gbvl dbiy prbktmkbfbppfmkbtmois rbi`mi` nrod kmvmf purposl sukg bs to provmal nooa bia wbtlr to b plrsoi

wgo gbs elli trbppla mi b dmil bia tgl dmil ms susklptmefl to koffbpsl. Zgotos bia

blrmbf vmalos koufa el bkqumrla on brlbs abi`lrous nor gudbis sukg bs vofkbiols,

`fbkmlrs or kbvlris. Mt kbi bfso el usla nor rlskul bia slbrkg oplrbtmois ey mitl`rbtmi`

glbt slisors mi kbsl on ibturbf kbfbdmty or dbi-dbal bkkmalit. Dorlovlr, b quba-rotor

kbi bfso el usla nor vbrmous dmfmtbry bppfmkbtmois sukg bs spymi` lildy norkls bia

altoibtmi` mtslfn to lildy norkls bia sbvl prlkmous fmnl on sofamlrs. Mt kbi bfso el usla

nor survlmffbikl bia mitlffm`likl.

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2.0 Zrohlkt Ulqumrldlits[mikl tgl quba-rotor bmrkrbnt sgoufa el kbpbefl on tbcl-onn nrod b fbiala

posmtmoi bia to dbiluvlr to biy altlrdmils posmtmoi, mt sgoufa gbvl sodl nlbturls tgbtdbcl mt possmefl to plrnord sodl oplrbtmois bntlr sumtbefl up-`rbabtmoi. Oil mdportbit

nlbturl ms tgbt mt dust el kbpbefl on noffowmi` b pbtg tgbt ms sbvla mi mts dldory, tgbt

ms, mt kbi rldldelr mts pbtg so mt kbi rlturi sbnlfy to fbuikgmi` posmtmoi. Biotglr

mdportbit nlbturl ms on buto-pmfot doal. Mi buto-pmfot doal, quba-rotor sgoufa el befl

to fbia sbnlfy wglrl tgl fmdmt rlstrmktmoi on bmrkrbnt gbs rlbkgla.

[o, tglrl ms io kgbikl on abdb`l to quba-rotor wgmkg dby gbppli mi kbsl on

nlffmi` aowi bntlr rlbkgmi` tgl slt fmdmt rlstrmktmoi on tgl bmrkrbnt.

[mikl, our tlbd gbs bfso `mvli tgl rofl on alvlfopmi` b rldotl koitrof

to `mvl tgl mistruktmoi to quba-rotor nor rlbkgmi` alsmrla posmtmoi. Pl ao so ey usmi`

hoystmkc, wgmkg ms iordbffy usla nor pfbymi` `bdls, bia mitlrnbkmi` mt wmtg W-ell

doaufl wgmkg ms mistbffla oi tgl bmrkrbnt. Qgl W-ell doaufl ms dbib`la ey Xm`ell

protokof. Bfso, wl gbvl elli `mvli tgl tbsc on alsm`imi` b quba-rotor tgbt ms kbpbefl on

nfm`gt up to 2< dltlrs. [o, wl gbvl kgosli dotors bia proplfflrs bs sukg tgbt brl

kbpbefl on proaukmi` liou`g tgrust tgbt kbi fmnt tgl quba-rotor to rlbkg our alsmrla

glm`gt, tgbt ms, 2< dltlrs.

2.7 Dltgoaofo`yQgl worcmi` on quba-rotor ms ebsla oi duftmpfl nbktors tgbt mikfual ibturbf fbws,

gbrawbrl sontwbrl mitlrnbkmi` ltk. Mt mikfuals vbrmous prmikmpfls sukg bs Zufsl Pmatg

Doaufbtmoi (ZPD) tgbt ms tgl ebsmk tlibit on quba koptlrs proplfflr splla koitrof.

Qgl koitrof bia dbiluvlrmi` on Govlr Eot 2.: ms smdpflr bs kgbi`l mi splla on rotors

ms tgl oify nbktor. Qgou`g stbemfmty koitrof ms iot bs smdpfl elkbusl tgl Govlr Eot 2.:

mtslfn ms uistbefl bia rlqumrls oieobra slisors to `bmi stbemfmty.

[odl ebsmk dltgoas brl lxpfbmila elfow tgbt dbcls b Govlr Eot 2.: provmal mts

ebsmk nuiktmoibfmty.

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2.= Ruba-rotors Dovldlit bia KoitrofGovlr Eot 2.: gbs ; dovldlit amrlktmois hust bs biy nfymi` oehlkts gbvl. Qglsl

brl

m. ]bwmm. Zmtkg

mmm. Uoff

Qglsl dovldlits kbi dbcl tgl Govlr Eot 2.: dovl mi biy amrlktmoi possmefl

mi tgl ;-Amdlismoibf [pbkl.

Qgl amrlktmoibf dovldlits oi Govlr Eot 2.: worcs oi amnnlrlitmbf rotor splla

eltwlli opposmtl rotors. Nor mistbikl mn you wbit to `o rm`gt, tgl flnt rotor wmff gbvl to

splla up (krlbtmi` dorl fmnt) bia tgl rm`gt oil sfow aowi. Qgms dbcls tgl pfbtnord tmft

to tgl rm`gt3 sbdl tgmi` nor tgl norwbra bia ebkc dotmoi. Qgl ybw worcs b fmttfl

amnnlrlit, your rotor pbmrs spmi mi opposmtl amrlktmoi KP bia KKP (kbiklfmi` torqul),

tgl sfow aowi or splla up on b pbmr wmff ybw tgl pfbtnord. Iotmkl tgbt tgl bftmtual wmff

arop, tgus b fmttfl dorl powlr wmff illa to el bppfmla to cllp nrod nbffmi`. Nor bftmtual

`bmi, bff 1 rotors wmff gbvl to splla up lqubffy

Nm`url 28 Dovldlits nor nfymi` oehlkts

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Glrls gow tgl dovldlit on tgl nour dotors dbcls tgl Ruba-rotor to dbiluvlr

mts slfn aurmi` nfm`gt.

2.2:[ZLLA KOIQUOF ON EU\[G FL[[ AK DOQOU[EU\[G FL[[ AK DOQOU[ tbcls b ZZD sm`ibf tgbt dbcls mt rotor to rotbtl.

Qgl nbstlr tgl amspfbkldlit on ZZD wbvls tgl nbstlr tgl EU\[G FL[[ AK DOQOU[

rotbtls.

2.2:.2 ZZDB EU\[G FL[[ AK DOQOU[ dotor worcs oi tgl prmikmpfl on ZZD. B pufsl

ZZD wbvl gbs wbvl nor lbkg miput on EU\[G FL[[ AK DOQOU[ (; mi tgms kbsl).

Qgl posmtmoi on lbkg pufsl ms amspfbkla mi tmdl bia ms rlpltmtmvl tgrou`gout. Qgl ZZD

ms `lilrbtla ey tgl Lsk wgmkg ms tgli alfmvlrla to tgl EU\[G FL[[ AK DOQOU[.

Nm`url 58 GovlrEot Dbiluvlrmi`

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Nm`url ;8 ZZD wbvl nor ; Zgbsl EU\[G FL[[ AK DOQOU[

2.22Lflktroimk [plla Koitrof (L[K)Bi L[K tbcls ZPD miput sm`ibfs bia koivlrts mt mito ZZD. Qgbt ms tgl dbmi

nuiktmoi on tgl Lsk bs ZPD wbvls brl lbsmlr to `lilrbtl tgbi ZZD. Biotglr

bavbitb`l on usmi` tgl L[K ms tgbt mt lfmdmibtls tgl illa on bi lxtrb powlr sourkl nor

tgl Dbmieobra bs L[K

2.25ZPDZPD wbvlnords brl "oi-onn" am`mtbf wbvlnords tgbt brl splkmnmla ey two

vbfuls8 tgl plrmoa bia tgl auty kykfl, bs sgowi elfow.

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Nm`url 18 ZPD Zlrmoa & Auty (oi-Qmdl)

B ZPD worcs ey dbcmi` b squbrl wbvl wmtg b vbrmbefl oi-to-onn rbtmo, tgl bvlrb`l oi

tmdl dby el vbrmla nrod : to 2:: plrklit. Mi tgms dbiilr, b vbrmbefl bdouit on powlr

ms trbisnlrrla to tgl foba. Qgl powlr trbisnlrrla kbi el vbrmla ey kgbi`mi` tgl auty

kykfl bs sgowi elfow.

Nm`url < 8 ZPD Auty Kykfl ^brmbtmoi

2.2;B^U dbmieobraQgl B^U Dbmieobra ms tgl erbmi on tgl quba koptlr. Mt ms alsm`ila oi tgl fo`mk

on b slrvo tlstlr. B slrvo tlstlr provmals bi mimtmbf pufsl on 2.< ds to brd tgl Dotor

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uifmklisla ebias mikfuami` 5.1 @Gz, =:: DGz bia 7>7 DGz. Qgl splkmnmkbtmoi ms b

pbkclt-ebsla rbamo protokof mitliala nor fow-kost, ebttlry-oplrbtla alvmkls.

Qgl fow kost bffows tgl tlkgiofo`y to el wmalfy alpfoyla mi wmrlflss koitrofbia doimtormi` bppfmkbtmois. Fow powlr-usb`l bffows foi`lr fmnl wmtg sdbfflr

ebttlrmls. Dlsg iltworcmi` provmals gm`g rlfmbemfmty bia dorl lxtlismvl rbi`l. Qgl

tlkgiofo`y ms mitliala to el smdpflr bia flss lxplismvl tgbi otglr PZBIs sukg

bs Efultootg. Xm`Ell kgmp vliaors typmkbffy slff mitl`rbtla rbamos bia dmkrokoitrofflrs

wmtg eltwlli >: CE bia 5 CE nfbsg dldory.

5:

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KGBZQLU QPO8 EBKC@UO\IA

5.2 GmstoryQgl malb on b quba-rotor bmrkrbnt gbs lxmstla smikl lbrfy mi tgl 5:tg klitury.

Qgrou`gout tgl 5:tg klitury vlry nlw amstmikt rotor-krbnt alsm`is gba elli alvlfopla.

Qgl lbrfmlst worcbefl alsm`is nor b quba-rotor wlrl alvlfopla ey @lor`l AlEotglzbt,

Ltmliil Oldmkgli bia A.G. Cbpfbi.

,

Nm`url 0 AlEotglzbts quba-rotor Alsm`i,

Oldmkglis quba-rotor alsm`i ms tgl lbrfmlst dlitmoi on b kodpfltl nour-rotor

govlrmi` vlgmkfl mi gmstory. Oldmkglis nmrst alsm`i mi 2=5: nbmfla mi tgl mimtmbf bttldpt

to elkodl bmreoril, tglrley rlqumrmi` Oldmkgli to baa baamtmoibf fmntmi` powlr bia

stbemfmty on b glfmud-nmffla ebffooi. Bntlr b iudelr on rlkbfkufbtmois bia rlalsm`is,

Oldmkgli wbs befl to kodl up wmtg b alsm`i tgbt bktubffy wbs kbpbefl on fmnt onn bia

lvli lstbefmsgla worfa glfmkoptlr nfm`gt rlkoras on tgl tmdl, rldbmimi` bmreoril nor up

to 21 dmiutls bt b tmdl ey 2=5;.

Bntlr worcmi` oi gms alsm`i nor ovlr 5 ylbrs, AlEotglzbts wbs befl to alvlfop

b nbmrfy kbpbefl glfmkoptlr, wgmkg wbs befl to tbcl oi b pbyfoba on up to ; plopfl mi

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baamtmoi to tgl pmfot. Gms alsm`i wbs alldla uialrpowlrla, uirlspoismvl bia

susklptmefl to rlfmbemfmty proeflds. Mi baamtmoi, mistlba on tgl kbfkufbtla 2:: dltlrs

krumsmi` bftmtual, gms krbnt wbs oify kbpbefl on rlbkgmi` b glm`gt on rou`gfy

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Nm`url =8 Koivlrtbwmi`s Doalf B quba-rotor Alsm`i, 2=

5.5 Nlbturls8\idbiila blrmbf vlgmkfls (\B^s) brl krbnts kbpbefl on nfm`gt wmtgout bi

oieobra pmfot. Qgly kbi el koitroffla rldotlfy ey bi oplrbtor, or kbi el koitroffla

butoiodousfy vmb prl-pro`rbddla nfm`gt pbtgs. Prmttli pro`rbds gbvl tgl krbnt turi

oi, fmnt onn, govlr, trbisfbtl, bia fbia, or biy otglr kodemibtmoi on tglsl tbscs. Dorl

amnnmkuft tbscs, sukg bs b posmtmoimi` or ibvm`btmoibf systld rlqumrl baamtmoibf

kodpoilits bia dorl bavbikla pro`rbddmi`, eut kbi lbsmfy el babptla to tgms quba-

rotor.

Qgl quba-rotor mi tgms prohlkt ms kbpbefl on `rouia dovldlit bs wlff. [o, wl

kbi sby mt ms \idbiila Blrmbf bia @rouia ^lgmkfl (\.B.@.^.). Mt ms nmrst on mts cmia tmffabtl. Bs b rlsuft on `rouia dovldlit, mt glfps dmfmtbry ey provmami` baamtmoibf support

nor spymi` purposl. Qgl otglr nlbturls brl mts fm`gt wlm`gt, qumkc bia sdbff krbnt on

kbrrymi` pby-foba up to .

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`fbkmlrs or kbvlris. Mt kbi bfso el usla nor rlskul bia slbrkg oplrbtmois ey mitl`rbtmi`

glbt slisors mi kbsl on ibturbf kbfbdmty or dbi-dbal bkkmalit. Dorlovlr, b quba-rotor

kbi bfso el usla nor vbrmous dmfmtbry bppfmkbtmois sukg bs spymi` lildy norkls bia

altoibtmi` mtslfn to lildy norkls bia sbvl prlkmous fmnl on sofamlrs. Mt kbi bfso el uslanor survlmffbikl bia mitlffm`likl.

5.; Kodpbrmsois & NlbsmemfmtyMi tgms slktmoi glrl wl kodpbrl tgl quba-rotor wmtg otglr amnnlrlit typls on \B^s bia

try to lxpfbmi tgl rlbsois nor kgoosmi` tgms alsm`i bs our prohlkt. Pl gba sodl

slflktmoi krmtlrmb mi our dmia wgmkg brl bs noffows.

Qgl alsm`i dust el smdpfl m.l. dmimdud dovmi` pbrts Koitrof dlkgbimsd dust el bs smdpfl bs possmefl. Qgl eua`lt ms fmdmtla so tgl ovlrbff kost dust iot lxklla tgbt. Zlrnordbikl rbtmo dust el `ooa Qgl \B^s Zbyfoba dust el sunnmkmlit liou`g to kbrry bt flbst ;::`d on

lxpfosmvls.

Iow wl kodpbrl amnnlrlit alsm`is tgbt kbi el kgosli bs our alsm`i nor tgl

prohlkt

5.;.2 Glfmkoptlr8Kodpflx dlkgbimkbf strukturl bia koitrof

Qgl dost koddoi bdoi` dbiila or uidbiila bmr vlgmkfls tgbt b dbi kbi

plrklmvl ms ioi-otglr tgbi b glfmkoptlr. Iow, smikl wl bff brl dorl nbdmfmbr wmtg b

glfmkoptlr b ibturbf tlialiky nor alsm`i slflktmoi woufa el tgms eut tgms ms wglrl tgmi`s

stbrts to `lt kodpfmkbtla.

B glfmkoptlr gbs oify b smi`fl rotor nor tgrust bia biotglr nor ebfbikmi` tgl

bi`ufbr bkklflrbtmoi. [mikl mt gbs oify oi tgrust proaukmi` rotor mts dovldlits

(norwbra ebkcwbra, smalwbys) ms iow ebsla oi tgl dlkgbimkbf dovldlit on tgl rotor.

[mikl mt mikfuals dlkgbimkbf dovmi` pbrts mt ms iot b nlbsmefl alsm`i, elkbusldlkgbimkbf dovldlits dbcl tgl alsm`i kodpflx.

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5.;.5 Qrm Koptlr8Elttlr B`mfmty tgbi biy otglr \B^ eut Kodpflx koitrof

Lvli tgou`g tgl trm-koptlr gbs elttlr b`mfmty tgbi biy otglr \B^ bia wbs b

slrmous koitlialr nor slflktmoi b ebsmk arbwebkc lxmsts mi mts koitrof. Qgms too gbs b

kodpflx koitrof dlkgbimsd elkbusl bt flbst oil on tgl dotor gbs to gbvl b slrvo

dlkgbimsd tgbt dbcls tgl koitrof kodpflx bia aolsit sbtmsny our krmtlrmb bs mt too gba

dlkgbimkbf dovmi` pbrts.

Bfso dbcmi` `rouia doemfmty oi tgl alsm`i woufa gbvl elli amnnmkuft elkbusl

on uistbefl alsm`i.

5.;.; Glx Koptlr8Dorl powlrnuf tgbi b Ruba bt tgl lxplisl on kost

Lvli tgou`g tgl glx koptlr ms dorl powlrnuf tgl bff on tgl beovl dlitmoila

alsm`is bia kbi kbrry dorl pbyfoba elkbusl on mts > rotors provmami` tgrust eut tgl kost

wbs bi mdportbit mssul elkbusl baamtmoibf ZCU 25:::-2;::: wbs too `rlbt kost nor

our fmdmtla eua`lt.

5.;.1 Arb`oinfyDost amnnmkuft to koitrof, Qgrustlr iot lbsmfy bvbmfbefl

B arb`oi nfy proaukls mts tgrust wmtg tgl glfp on tgrustlrs wgmkg brl vlry

lxplismvl to bi lxtlit tgbt b smi`fl tgrustlr kosts bpprox. 0:% on our ovlrbff prohlkt

kost. Bfso tgl dovldlit on b arb`oinfy ms ebsla oi tgl posmtmoimi` on tgl tgrustlr

beout tglmr bxms wgmkg dbcls tgl alsm`i tgl dost kodpflx on bff alsm`is.

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5.;.

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KGBZQLU QGULL

;.2 Ruba-rotor Zgysmks8-Govlr Eot 2.:s (bia dbiy otglr oehlkts on li`millrmi` mitlrlst, nfymi` or otglrwmsl)

kbi el doalfla vmb Ilwtoi's Fbws. Qgl ovlrbff `ovlrimi` lqubtmoi ms8

Pglrl8

N ms tgl ilt norkl mi pouias, ouikls, or Ilwtois

d ms tgl dbss mi, `rbds or cmfo`rbdsb ms tgl bkklflrbtmoi mi nllt/slkoia/slkoia, or dltlrs/sY5 or klitmdltlrs/sY5 (bff on

tglsl uimts brl hust koddoi lxbdpfls3 tglrl brl otglrs,

Mi woras, ilt norkls kbusl dbssls to bkklflrbtl. Qgms ms wgy fbr`lr vlgmkfls tlia to el

dorl stbefl - mt tbcls fbr`lr norkls to dovl tgld. [mdmfbrfy, sdbfflr krbnt tlia to el

dorl b`mfl. [tbemfmty vs. b`mfmty ms b nrlqulit alsm`i li`millrmi` trbal onn - bt flbst

elnorl nllaebkc bu`dlitbtmoi wbs bvbmfbefl.

B klrtbmi bdouit on norkl gbs to el `lilrbtla hust to dbmitbmi b stlbay

koiamtmoi. Nor lxbdpfl, nor tgl quba to govlr mt dust provmal sunnmkmlit norkl to

ovlrkodl `rbvmty. Nor mt to dbmitbmi norwbra nfm`gt, tgl quba dust ovlrkodl eotg

`rbvmty bia bmr rlsmstbikl (bfso ciowi bs blroayibdmk arb`). Pgli bmrkrbnt brl mi tgms

stlbay koiamtmoi, tgly brl sbma to el "trmddla" or "mi trmd". Oify norkls tgbt brl mi

lxklss on tgl norkls rlqumrla to trmd tgl quba wmff kbusl mt to bkklflrbtl.

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KGBZQLU NO\U8 AL[M@I & KODZOILIQ[

1.2 [][QLD AL[M@IQgl alsm`i on quba-rotor kodprmsls dlkgbimkbf bia lflktroimk

proklaurls. Mt koismsts on slvlrbf strukturbf kodpoilits to el mitl`rbtla to bkgmlvl tgl

alsmrl `obf. Qgl tbefl elfow suddbrmzls dbmi strukturbf kodpoilits bs

Qbefl 2

Rubitmty Ibdl

2 Klitrbf Gue

1 Brd

2 Ebttlry Gofalr

2 Ebttlry

1 Lflktroimk [plla Koitrofflr

1 AK Dotors

2 B^U Dmkrokoitrofflr

1 Zroplfflrs

2 Well Doaufl

2 Milrtmbf Dlbsurldlit \imt

Nm`url 2:8 [ystld Efokc Amb`rbd

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1.5 Dotors bia Lflktroimk [plla Koitrofflr8B quba-rotors armvmi` norkl ms proaukla ey nour slrvos bia bi lflktroimk

splla koitrofflr (L.[.K.) nor lbkg dotor.

1.5.2 [lrvos8B slrvo ms tgl kodpoilit usla to provmal tgl armvmi` torqul. Mi our kbsl, tgl slrvos

armvl lbkg on tgl nour proplfflr efbals. Qglrl brl two typls on slrvos8 erusgla bia

erusgflss. Qgl erusgla AK dotor ms tgl koivlitmoibf typl on slrvo. Qgl erusgls dbcl

dlkgbimkbf koitbkt wmtg b slt on lflktrmkbf koitbkts oi tgl rotor, kbffla tgl koddutbtor.

Qgms nords bi lflktrmkbf kmrkumt eltwlli tgl AK lflktrmkbf sourkl bia tgl brdbturl komf-

wmiami`s. Bs tgl brdbturl rotbtls oi tgl bxms, tgl stbtmoibry erusgls kodl mito koitbkt

wmtg amnnlrlit slktmois on tgl rotbtmi` koddutbtor. Qgl koddutbtor bia erusg systld

nord b pbmr on lflktrmkbf swmtkgls, lbkg nmrmi` mi slqulikl. Koislqulitfy, tgl brdbturl

komf kfoslst to tgl stbtmoibry stbtor, wgmkg ms b plrdbilit db`ilt, koistbitfy gbs

lflktrmkbf powlr nfowmi` tgrou`g mt.

Nm`url 228 Erusgflss AK dotor

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Mi b erusgflss AK dotor, tgl lflktrodb`ilts brl stbtmoibry. Qgl plrdbilit

db`ilts rotbtl bia tgl brdbturl rldbmis stbtmk. Qgms `lts brouia tgl proefld on gow to

trbisnlr kurrlit to b dovmi` brdbturl. Qo ao tgms, tgl erusg-systld/koddutbtor

bssldefy ms rlpfbkla ey bi mitlffm`lit lflktroimk koitrofflr. Qgl koitrofflr plrnords tglsbdl powlr amstrmeutmoi nouia mi b erusgla AK dotor, eut usls b sofma-stbtl kmrkumt

rbtglr tgbi b koddutbtor/erusg systld.

1.5.2.2Kodpbrmsoi on Erusgla bia Erusgflss AK Dotors8Erusgflss AK (EU\[G FL[[ AK DOQOU[) dotors onnlr slvlrbf bavbitb`ls

ovlr erusgla AK dotors. Erusgflss dotors gbvl gm`glr lnnmkmliky bia rlfmbemfmty,

rlaukla iomsl, lfmdmibtmoi on moimzmi` spbrcs nrod tgl koddutbtor, ovlrbff rlauktmoi

on lflktrodb`iltmk mitlrnlrlikl (LDM). Dorlovlr, mt gbs io erusg lrosmoi wgmkg rlsufts

mi foi` fmnltmdl. Qgl dbxmdud powlr tgbt kbi el bppfmla to b EU\[G FL[[ AK

DOQOU[ dotor ms lxklptmoibffy gm`g, fmdmtla bfdost lxkfusmvlfy ey glbt, wgmkg kbi

abdb`l tgl db`ilts. Erusgflss AK dotors prmdbry amsbavbitb`l ms tglmr gm`g kost

kodpbrla to erusgla AK dotors. Qgl rlbsoi ms tgbt EU\[G FL[[ AK DOQOU[

rlqumrl kodpflx L[Ks to rui. Erusgla AK dotors kbi el rl`ufbtla ey b vbrmbeflrlsmstor bia potlitmodltlr or rglostbt, wgmkg ms milnnmkmlit eut kost lnnlktmvl. Gowlvlr,

mi our kbsl lnnmkmliky ms vlry mdportbit so prlnlr to usl erusgflss ak dotor ovlr

erusgla ak dotor.

Erusgflss AK dotors brl dorl lnnmkmlit tgbi erusgla AK dotors. Qgl

beslikl on nrmktmoi mi tgl erusgls on b Erusgflss AK dotor wmff koivlrt dorl lflktrmkbf

lilr`y mito dlkgbimkbf powlr tgbi b erusgla dotor. Erusgflss AK dotors brl

alsm`ila to oplrbtl ovlr b eroba rbi`l on spllas bia gbvl tgl bavbitb`l on rlaukla

dbmitlibikl smikl tglrl brl io erusgls or koddutbtors. Mi koikfusmoi, Erusgflss AK

dotors onnlr mikrlbsla splla bia suplrmor plrnordbikl wmtg gm`glr torqul-to-milrtmb

rbtmo tgbi tglmr kouitlrpbrts.

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1.5.5 Lflktroimk [plla Koitrofflr (L[K)8Bi L[K amrlkts tgl slrvo, wgmkg mi turi koitrofs rotor rotbtmoi. Ebsmkbffy, bi

L[K ms bi Lflktroimk kmrkumt tgbt ms usla to vbry tgl splla or amrlktmoi on bi lflktrmkdotor. L[K mitlrprlts koitrof minordbtmoi bs swmtkgmi` rbtl on NLQs rbtglr tgbi

dlkgbimkbf dlkgbimsd. L[Ks gbvl eumft-mi gbff slisors tgbt ms usla to altlrdmil rotor

posmtmoi rlfbtmvl to stbtor komfs. Qgl L[K tbcls ZPD bs miput nrod tgl dmkro-

koitrofflr bia `lilrbtls ZZD bs output. Qgms output ZZD wmff amrlkt tgl rotbtmoi on

dotor.

Nm`url 258 L[K

1.; NrbdlPl elfmlvl tgbt tgl kurrlit nrbdl wmff provl sunnmkmlit nor our purposls. Mt ms

fm`gt, sturay, lbsy to koistrukt, bia kbpbefl on gousmi` tgl kodpoilits wl rlqumrl

slkurlfy. Kurrlitfy our Govlr Eot 2.: ms dbal up on Bfudmiud wgmkg ms fm`gt wlm`gt,

stroi` bia dost mdportbitfy kglbplr tgbi mts kouitlrpbrts. Gowlvlr, `mvli dorl tmdl

slvlrbf mdprovldlits brl possmefl. Mi tgl nuturl usl on kbreoi nmelr tuemi` bia sgllts,

bia plrgbps lvli tglrdopfbstmks, dm`gt bffow nor bi lqubffy nuiktmoibf strukturl tgbt ms

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fm`gtlr bia dorl blstgltmkbffy pflbsmi`. Qgou`g tgl bfudmiud support roas slld to

gofa our dotors wlff liou`g nor our purposls, sodl on tgl brds gba tgl tlialiky to

torqul to onnslt bi fls bia rlqumrla rlbahustla elnorl lbkg nfm`gt. Bfso, skrlwmi` tgl

BE[ to tgl bfudmiud roas (nor lbsl on bssldefy/amsbssldefy) provla altrmdlitbf totgl strukturbf mitl`rmty bs tgl roas alitla wmtg tgl baala strbmi. Pl gopl tgbt nuturl

mtlrbtmois wmff iot gbvl tglsl mssuls mn tgl brds brl koistruktla out on kbreoi nmelr.

1.1 Ebttlry bia Kgbr`lr1.1.2 Ebttlry8

Ebttlry ms b alvmkl usl to koivlrt kgldmkbf lilr`y to lflktrmkbf lilr`y.

Ebttlry worcs oi tgl prmikmpfl on lflktrofysms mi wgmkg b kodpouia kbffla lflktrofytl

wmff uialr`o alkodposmtmoi ey pbssb`l on lflktrmk kurrlit. Qwo lflktroals, bioal bia

kbtgoal brl koiilktla to lflktrofytl. Qgl two lflktroals erou`gt tgl kurrlit to

lflktrofytl. Bs b rlsuft, kgbr`l wmff nfow nrod bioal to kbtgoal.

1.1.2.2[lflktmoi on Ebttlry8Kgoosmi` tgl korrlkt ebttlry nor b quba-rotor ms amnnmkuft. Qgl ebttlrmls tgbt

brl `lilrbffy usla brl ImKba (imkclf kbadmud). Imkclf ebttlrmls prlslit slvlrbf

proeflds. Qgly ao iot koitbmi liou`g lilr`y to `mvl bi lxtliala nfm`gt tmdl. Uou`gfy

nmvl dmiutls on nfm`gt tmdl ms proaukla aurmi` iordbf nfm`gt elnorl tgl ebttlry nbmfs.

Qglrl brl sodl otglr ebttlrmls brl bfso bvbmfbefl sukg bs Dbi`bilsl

ebttlrmls, bfcbfmil ebttlrmls, bia [mfvlr oxmal ebttlrmls ltk. eut tgly brl vlry fow mi

plrnordbikl bia kbiiot el usla nor foi`-spbi. [ukg ebttlrmls brl sumtbefl oify nor

vlry fow voftb`l proaukts.

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Nm`url 2;8 1:::dB FmZo Ebttlry

Fmtgmud Moi Zofydlr (FMZO) ms tgl dost sumtbefl nor our quba-rotor. Mt

gbs `rlbt lnnmkmliky bs wlff bs mt provmals liou`g powlr nor foi`-spbi. Mt gbs biotglr

bavbitb`l tgbt smikl mt ms sont so mt kbi lbsmfy el pfbkla mi ebttlry gofalr. Qgl ebttlry

wl gbvl usla provmals 25^ bia 1::: dB kurrlit.

1.1.5 Kgbr`lr8B proefld wmtg tgl ebttlry ms tgbt mt amskgbr`ls wmtg tmdl. [o wl illa b

kgbr`lr to baarlss tgms mssul. Qgl kgbr`lr on Fmtgmud moi Zofydlr (FMZO) bkts mi b

amnnlrlit dbiilr bs kodpbrla to imkclfs ebttlry kgbr`lr. B Fm-pofy kgbr`lr nuiktmois

ey kgbr`mi` lbkg klff bt b koistbit kurrlit kgbr`l rbtl on beout 0

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amnnlrlit nfm`gt splkmnmkbtmois. Nor tgl UK quba-rotor bppfmkbtmoi tglrl ms oify oil

kfbss, tgl sdbff-skbfl nmxla-pmtkg rotor efbal. Qgl dmimbturl quba-rotor dost

koddoify usls b twmi-efbal proplfflr nor lbkg on mts dotors. Qgl twmi-efbal alsm`i ms

fm`gt bia provmals lxklfflit dmssmoi liaurbikl. Oil on proefld to albf wmtg msslpbrbtmoi arb`.

Nm`url 218 Zroplfflrs

Qo rlaukl slpbrbtmoi arb` tgl trbmfmi` la`l on tgl bmrnomf dust el sgbrp, wgmkg

krlbtls b tgmi, gm`gfy bkutl bi`fl. Bi baamtmoibf koismalrbtmoi ms tgl dodlit norkl oi

tgl bmrnomf. B gm`g dodlit norkl kbi mikrlbsl wlbr, krlbtl uiwbitla vmerbtmois, bia

mikrlbsl arb`. Qo rlaukl tgl dodlit, tgl klitlr on prlssurl dust el dovla rlbrwbra.

Oil kbi bkkodpfmsg tgms ey sgmntmi` tgl klitlr on tgmkcilss bia kbdelr bwby nrod tgl

flbami` la`l, gowlvlr tgms alkrlbsls fmnt. Koislqulitfy, tglrl ms b trbal-onn eltwlli

dmimdmzmi` tgl dodlit norkl bia dbxmdmzmi` fmnt. Biotglr wby to rlaukl dodlits ms

ey mikrlbsmi` tgl dlkgbimkbf stmnnilss, wgmkg rlaukls bi`ufbr alnflktmoi.

1.

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Nm`url 2 Aubf-Efbal Zrop

Qglsl brl nbmrfy fbr`l rotors bia arbw nbmrfy fow kurrlit nor our govlr lstmdbtl.

Qgl slkoia slt koismsts on trm-efbal, 0;.< props (0 mikg ambdltlr, ;.< efbal pmtkg).

Nm`url 2>8 0x;.< Qrm-Efbal Zrop

Bntlr sodl rlslbrkg, mt wbs nouia tgbt trm-efbal props kbi el qumltlr tgbi aubf-

efbal wgli rui bt tgl sbdl splla, tgou`g tgly arbw b koupfl guiarla dmffmbdps dorl

bt govlr. Qgl tlst rlsufts nor eotg prop slts kbi el slli mi tgl nm`urls elfow.

1.> ZUOZ-BABZQLULvli tgou`g tgl nm`url elfow sgows oify skrlws bia iuts bia dby slld on io

mdportbikl bt bff tgms prop babptlr ms b vlry mdportbit kodpoilit on tgl quba koptlr. Mt

cllps tgl proplfflrs tm`gtfy mi tglmr pfbkl bia stops mt nrod nfymi` bwby bia kbusmi`

bia gbzbra to gudbis or biytgmi` brouia. [mikl tgl dotor rotbtls bt mikrlamefy gm`g

splla bia mn biy proplfflr flbvls tgl koptlr aurmi` nfm`gt mt ms `omi` to rlsuft mi mistbit

krbsgmi` on tgl koptlr bia dby slvlrlfy abdb`l tgl quba koptlr. Mt kbi bfso slvlrlfy

gurt biy gudbis mi tgl vmkmimty.

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Nm`url 208 Zroplfflr Babptlrs

1.0 LflktroimksQo koitrof tgl quba-rotor butoiodousfy, mt gbs b dmkro-koitrofflr,

koiilktla to bi milrtmbf dlbsurldlit uimt (MD\) bia b wmrlflss oplrbtmois uimt to

armvl tgl nour dbmi dotors. Qo `lt tgl quba-rotor to govlr or dovl mi dma-bmr

lnnlktmvlfy bia rlfmbefy, tgl krbnt dust gbvl b nbmrfy bkkurbtl milrtmbf dlbsurldlit

systld, wgmkg slias bff tgl ilklssbry miputs to tgl dmkro-koitrofflr rlsuftmi` mi mts

bemfmty to altlrdmil mts mistbitbilous dovldlit bia korrlkt nor biy mistbemfmtmls mi mts

nfm`gt.

1.0.2Milrtmbf Dlbsurldlit \imt (MD\) Eobra8B alvmkl tgbt mikfuals bkklflrodltlrs bia `yroskopls ms ibdla MD\ (Milrtmbf

Dlbsurldlit \imt). Qgms alvmkl usl oil or dorl bkklflrodltlrs to altlkt tgl

bkklflrbtmoi rbtl bia oil or dorl `yroskopls to altlkt kgbi`ls mi tgl rotbtmoibf

bttrmeutls fmcl pmtkg, roff bia ybw. B kodpbss ms b alvmkl tgbt altlrdmils tgl amrlktmoi

on dovldlit mi rlfbtmoi to tgl Lbrtg's db`iltmk pofls. Qgms bffows b vlgmkfl to dovl mi

b klrtbmi amrlktmoi. Mt ms bfso possmefl to usl proxmdmty slisors sukg bs minrbrla or

uftrbsouia to `umal tgl quba koptlr or lvli b @Z[ alvmkl.

Qgl ilw quba koptlr dust gbvl bt flbst b ;-bxms bkklflrodltlr (; spbtmbf kooramibtls

;>

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xyz) bia b `yroskopl to altlkt tgl rotbtmoi. Qgl bftlribtmvl to tglsl two slisors ms bi

MD\ alvmkl.

1.0.5 @yroskoplB `yroskopl ms b alvmkl nor dlbsurmi` or dbmitbmimi` ormlitbtmoi, ebsla oi tgl

prmikmpfls on koislrvbtmoi on bi`ufbr dodlitud. @yroskopls kbi el vlry plrpflxmi`

oehlkts elkbusl tgly dovl mi plkufmbr wbys bia lvli slld to alny `rbvmty. Qglsl

splkmbf proplrtmls dbcl `yroskopls lxtrldlfy mdportbit mi lvlrytgmi` nrod

your emkykfl to tgl bavbikla ibvm`btmoi systld oi tgl spbkl sguttfl. B

typmkbf bmrpfbil usls beout b aozli `yroskopls mi lvlrytgmi` nrod mts kodpbss to mts

butopmfot.

1.0.5.2\sls on @yroskoplsQgl lnnlkt on bff tgms ms tgbt, oikl you spmi b `yroskopl, mts bxfl wbits to cllp

pomitmi` mi tgl sbdl amrlktmoi. Mn you douit tgl `yroskopl mi b slt on `mdebfs so tgbt mt

kbi koitmiul pomitmi` mi tgl sbdl amrlktmoi, mt wmff. Qgms ms tgl ebsms on tgl `yro-

kodpbss.

Mn you douit two `yroskopls wmtg tglmr bxfls bt rm`gt bi`fls to oil biotglr oi b

pfbtnord, bia pfbkl tgl pfbtnord mismal b slt on `mdebfs, tgl pfbtnord wmff rldbmi

kodpfltlfy rm`ma bs tgl `mdebfs rotbtl mi biy wby tgly pflbsl. Qgms ms tgms ebsms

on milrtmbf ibvm`btmoi systlds (MI[).

Nm`url 278 @yroskopl Amdlismois

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Mi bi MI[, slisors oi tgl `mdebfs' bxfls altlkt wgli tgl pfbtnord rotbtls. Qgl

MI[ usls tgosl sm`ibfs to uialrstbia tgl vlgmkfl's rotbtmois rlfbtmvl to tgl pfbtnord. Mn

you baa to tgl pfbtnord b slt on tgrll slismtmvl bkklflrodltlrs, you kbi tlff lxbktfy

wglrl tgl vlgmkfl ms glbami` bia gow mts dotmoi ms kgbi`mi` mi bff tgrll amrlktmois.Pmtg tgms minordbtmoi, bi bmrpfbil's butopmfot kbi cllp tgl pfbil oi koursl, bia b

rokclt's `umabikl systld kbi mislrt tgl rokclt mito b alsmrla oremt!

1.0.; BkklflrodltlrsBi bkklflrodltlr ms b alvmkl tgbt dlbsurls tgl vmerbtmoi, or bkklflrbtmoi on

dotmoi on b strukturl. Qgl norkl kbusla ey vmerbtmoi or b kgbi`l mi dotmoi

(bkklflrbtmoi) kbusls tgl dbss to "squllzl" tgl pmlzolflktrmk dbtlrmbf wgmkg proaukls

bi lflktrmkbf kgbr`l tgbt ms proportmoibf to tgl norkl lxlrtla upoi mt. [mikl tgl kgbr`l ms

proportmoibf to tgl norkl, bia tgl dbss ms b koistbit, tgli tgl kgbr`l ms bfso

proportmoibf to tgl bkklflrbtmoi

Nm`url 2=8 Bkklflrodltlr Eobra

Bi Milrtmbf Ibvm`btmoi [ystld (MI[) ms b ibvm`btmoi bma tgbt usls b kodputlrbia dotmoi slisors (bkklflrodltlrs) to koitmiuousfy kbfkufbtl tgl posmtmoi, ormlitbtmoi,

bia vlfokmty (amrlktmoi bia splla on dovldlit) on b dovmi` oehlkt wmtgout tgl illa

nor lxtlribf rlnlrlikls. Otglr tlrds usla to rlnlr to milrtmbf ibvm`btmoi systlds or

kfoslfy rlfbtla alvmkls mikfual milrtmbf `umabikl systld, milrtmbf rlnlrlikl pfbtnord,

bia dbiy otglr vbrmbtmois.

Bi bkklflrodltlr bfoil ms uisumtbefl to altlrdmil kgbi`ls mi bftmtual ovlr

amstbikls wglrl tgl vlrtmkbf alkrlbsl on `rbvmty ms sm`imnmkbit, sukg bs nor bmrkrbnt bia

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rokclts. Mi tgl prlslikl on b `rbvmtbtmoibf `rbamlit, tgl kbfmerbtmoi bia abtb rlauktmoi

proklss ms iudlrmkbffy uistbefl.

1.0.1 Dmkro-koitrofflr8Qgl dmkrokoitrofflr kgosli oi our dbmi eobra ms tgl Btdlf btdl`b;5/btdl`b;57

slrmls dmkrokoitrofflr.

1.0.1.2Btdlf B^U DmkrokoitrofflrsQgl B^U ms b Doamnmla Gbrvbra brkgmtlkturl 7-emt UM[K smi`fl kgmp

dmkrokoitrofflr. Mt wbs alvlfopla ey Btdlf mi 2==>. Gbrvbra brkgmtlkturl dlbis tgbt

tgl pro`rbd bia abtb brl storla mi slpbrbtl dldory spbkls wgmkg brl bkklssmefl

smduftbilousfy. Qgl B^U wbs oil on tgl nmrst dmkrokoitrofflr nbdmfmls to usl oi-kgmp

nfbsg dldory nor pro`rbd storb`l, bs opposla to Oil-Qmdl Zro`rbddbefl UOD,

LZUOD, or LLZUOD usla ey otglr dmkrokoitrofflrs bt tgl tmdl. Nfbsg dldory ms b

ioivofbtmfl (plrsmstlit oi powlr-aowi) pro`rbddbefl dldory.

Nm`url 5:8 Btdlf Dl` ;5

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Fow powlr bia gm`g plrnordbikl B^U dmkrokoitrofflrs kbi gbiafl

aldbiami` 7 bia 2>-emt bppfmkbtmois. Pmtg b smi`fl kykfl mistruktmoi UM[K KZ\, Zmko

Zowlr tlkgiofo`y, bia b rmkg nlbturl slt, tgl B^U brkgmtlkturl lisurls lbsy

bppfmkbtmoi alvlfopdlit bia nbst koal lxlkutmoi kodemila wmtg tgl fowlst possmeflpowlr koisudptmoi.

Qgl wlff-alnmila M/O strukturl fmdmts tgl illa nor lxtlribf kodpoilits bia

rlaukls alvlfopdlit kost. B vbrmlty on tmdlrs, [ZMs, \BUQs, mitlribf oskmffbtors, puff-

up rlsmstors, pufsl wmatg doaufbtmoi, Bibfo` Kodpbrbtors, BAKs bia Pbtkg-Ao`

Qmdlrs brl sodl on tgl nlbturls bvbmfbefl nor li`millrs. Mt ms mitlrlstmi` to iotl tgbt

dost mistruktmois oify tbcl b smi`fl kfokc kykfl to lxlkutl bia tglrl ms io mitlribf

kfokc amvmsmoi. Pgltglr you pro`rbd mi K, Zbskbf or bssldefy fbi`ub`l, tgl tuila

B^U mistruktmois alkrlbsl pro`rbd smzl bia alvlfopdlit tmdl. Qgl B^U proklssor

nlbturls b rlbf fmnl stbkc bia mts mistruktmoi slt wbs alsm`ila bia optmdmzla nor usl wmtg

gm`g flvlf fbi`ub`ls - mt ms lbsy to pro`rbd tglsl kgmps usmi` K. B^U dmkrokoitrofflrs

dby el pro`rbddla usmi` bssldefy or b gm`glr flvlf fbi`ub`l. Flbrimi` to pro`rbd mt

mi bssldefy fbi`ub`l ms b `ooa malb, bs mt `mvls you mi alptg uialrstbiami` on tgl

mitlribf oplrbtmois.

1.0.1.5[plkmnmkbtmois1.0.1.5.2Nlbturls

o Gm`g-plrnordbikl, Fow-powlr BtdlfB^U 7-emt Dmkrokoitrofflro Bavbikla UM[K Brkgmtlkturlo 2;2 Zowlrnuf Mistruktmois Dost [mi`fl-kfokc Kykfl Lxlkutmoio ;5 7 @lilrbf Zurposl Porcmi` Ul`mstlrso

Nuffy [tbtmk Oplrbtmoi

o \p to 2> DMZ[ Qgrou`gput bt 2>DGzo Oi-kgmp 5-kykfl Duftmpfmlr

1.0.1.5.5Dldoryo ;5Ceytls on Mi-[ystld [lfn-pro`rbddbefl Nfbsg pro`rbd dldoryo 2:51Eytls LLZUODo 5Ceytls Mitlribf [UBDo Prmtl/Lrbsl Kykfls8 2:,::: Nfbsg/2::,::: LLZUOD

1:

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o Abtb rltlitmoi8 5: ylbrs bt 7

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1.7 Kodduimkbtmoi81.7.2 WELL Doaufl8

Well ms oil on popufbr wmrlflss doaufl mi tgl worfa. Mt support two-wbys

kodduimkbtmoi (oil Well doaufl kbi slia or rlklmvl tgl abtb to/nrod otglr

doaufls).Qgl amnnlrlit eltwlli Xm`ell bia Well ms Xm`ell ms ibdl on miaustry

stbiabra wgmfl Well ms ibdl on Xm`ell stbiabra doaufl proaukla ey Am`m. Well kbi

kodduimkbtl vmb \BUQ (QW, UW sm`ibf) bia sliami` tgl sm`ibf (abtb) wmtgmi tgl sgort

rbi`l ms vlry bkkurbtl. Well doaufl gbs bi mitlribf MK tgbt glfps mi likoami` tgl abtb.

Qgl dbmi bavbitb`l on tgms doaufl ms mt koisudl fow wbtt (fow lflktrmk powlr), sdbff

smzl bia kglbp. Bftgou`g mt ms rlstrmktla to slia abtb wmtgmi sgort amstbikl, mt kbi slia

abtb nrod oil ioal to biotglr ioal bia tgms nlbturl dbcl mt bpproprmbtl nor dbcmi`

wmrlflss slisor iltworc.

Nm`url 528 WEll doaufl

Well ms tgl alvmkl tgbt mitl`rbtls Dmkrokoitrofflr bia UN MK mito oil pmlkl (oil

doaufl). Mt worcs bs trbisklmvlr lqumpdlit (tgl lqumpdlit tgbt kbi eotg slia bia

rlklmvl sm`ibf). Well ms gbfn-aupflx bia mt oplrbtl bt 5.1 @Gz nrlquliky ebia. Mtkoisudl fow lflktrmk powlr bia lbsy to usl elkbusl tgl mitlrnbkl usla nor sliami` bia

rlklmvmi` abtb wmtg Well ms \BUQ (QQF), so wl kbi koiilkt tgl \BUQ

kodduimkbtmoi pmi on Well to tgl \BUQ on dmkrokoitrofflr amrlkt

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1.7.5 Uldotl KoitrofQgl rldotl koitrof ms b smdpfl hoy pba usla nor pfbymi` kodputlr `bdls tgbt ms

mitlrnbkla wmtg tgl kodputlr.Qgl koitrofflr gbs 5 stmkcs tgbt brl tgl dbmi koitrof clys on tgl quba-koptlr.

Oil on tgld ms elmi` usla to koitrof tgl amrlktmois on tgl quba koptlr wgmfl tgl otglr

oil ms usla to koitrof tgl tgrust. Qgl euttoi 2, 5, ; & 1 brl elmi` usla to koitrof

amnnlrlit nuiktmois fmcl buto pmfot & kgbi`mi` nuiktmoibfmty to `rouia doemfmty.

1.= Dbtlrmbf [lflktmoiQglrl brl b iudelr on dbtlrmbfs bvbmfbefl nor tgl nrbdl alsm`i. Bdoi` tgld

brl pfbstmks, kbreoi nmelr, stllf, wooa, bia bfudmiud. Qglsl dbtlrmbfs gbvl b wmal

brrby on amnnlrlit dlkgbimkbf proplrtmls.

1.=.2 Iyfoi8

Ms b pofydlr dbtlrmbf tgbt ms vlry fm`gt bia lbsy to dbiunbkturl. Mt ms beuiabit

bia lbsy to prokurl, gowlvlr, mt ms iot vlry stmnn, bia mts dlkgbimkbf proplrtmls brl

mikrlamefy slismtmvl to livmroidlitbf koiamtmois. \ftrbvmoflt rbys wmff erlbc aowi tgl

doflkufbr strukturl, kodprodmsmi` mts strli`tg. Gudmamty bfso slvlrlfy kodprodmsls

mts strli`tg8 b rlfbtmvl gudmamty on

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b kbreoi nmelr kodposmtl nbmfs wmtg fmttfl alnordbtmoi, koislqulitfy nbmfurl ms ontli

berupt bia vmoflit, bs opposla to dost dltbfs, wgmkg elia elnorl erlbcmi`.

1.=.;[tllf8

Ms bi bffoyla dltbf, wgmkg gbs tgl gm`glst \Q[ on tgl dbtlrmbfs mivlstm`btla,

elbtmi` tgl kodpltmtmoi ey b nbktor on two or dorl, bia gbs tgl slkoia gm`glst

stmnnilss. Mt ms gowlvlr ey nbr tgl glbvmlst, ilbrfy tgrll tmdls bs glbvy bs bfudmiud. Mts

mikrlbsla alismty rlqumrls dorl tmdl to dbkgmil dbcmi` mt b amnnmkuft dbtlrmbf to usl.

1.=.1Pooa8

Ms plrgbps tgl dost wmalfy usla strukturbf dbtlrmbf mi tgl worfa. Mt ms

fm`gtwlm`gt bia ms vlry lbsy to worc wmtg. \inortuibtlfy, mt ms iot bs stroi` bs tgl otglr

survlyla dbtlrmbfs, bia mts strli`tg ms amrlktmoibf fmcl kbreoi nmelr kodposmtl. Ula

obcs \Q[ bfoi` mts trbisvlrsl bxms ms dlrlfy 0.5 DZb. Iot to dlitmoi tgl kouitflss

livmroidlitbf mssuls to koismalr. \ftrbvmoflt rbys erlbc aowi tgl nmelrs on tgl wooa,

bia tglrl ms potlitmbf nor rot.

1.=.

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KGBZQLU NM^L8 [ONQPBUL

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KGBZQLU [MW

>.2 Nuturl LigbikldlitsPgli wl wlrl prlslitmi` tgl proposbf wl gba slvlrbf tgmi`s mi dmia tgbt wl

wbitla to ao. Nmrstfy wl wbitla to dbcl tgl govlr eot dovl oi tgl `rouia, eut aul to

eua`lt koistrbmits bia nbkmi` amnnmkufty mi stbemfmzmi` tgl Eot aurmi` nfm`gt wl gba to

`mvl up tgms malb. Bfso tgl wlm`gt on tgl `rouia roeot wbs b fmttfl too dukg nor tgl Eot

to tbcl nfm`gt lbsmfy bia tgms woufa gbvl slvlrlfy erou`gt aowi nfm`gt tmdl. Mi nuturl

wl kbi put dorl powlrnuf dotors so tgbt tgl Eot kbi lbsmfy tbcl nfm`gt wmtg b dovbefl

`rouia roeot.

Pl kurrlitfy gbvl io dltgoa on fokbfmzbtmoi. Qgms dust el mdpfldlitla mi

nuturl mtlrbtmois mn wl brl to gbvl biy sort on swbrdmi` elgbvmor bia kodduimkbtmoi

eltwlli duftmpfl uimts. Qgms wmff el glfpla mi pbrt ey tgl baamtmoi on bi bftmdltlr, eut

b roeust dlbis on posmtmoi fokbfmzbtmoi (dotmoi kbpturl or @Z[) wmff bfso el foocla

mito.

Nmrlpowlr tbr`lt fokcmi` kbi el baala to mt nor dmfmtbry purposls, systld. Pmtg

pro`rbddmi` bia usmi` prlkmsl lqumpdlit tgl Govlr Eot 2.: kbi el dbal to plrnord

lxtrldl dbiluvlrmi` kbpbemfmtmls.

Qgl `rouia doemfmty kbi el `rlbtfy ligbikla puttmi` dorl roeust wgllfs tgbt

kbi dbcl tgl Govlr Eot 2.: ovlrkodl stllp oestbkfls.

Im`gt vmsmoi/tglrdbf vmsmoi kbi bfso el mitroaukla to dbcl tgl GO^LU EOQ b

stbtl on tgl brt dmfmtbry Ulkoiibmssbikl bia [py aroil.

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BIILW\UL B

0.2ABQB [GLLQ[