How are weight and mass different? What do they measure?

A.) Weight measures the force of gravity acting on an object. Mass measures the space taken up by an object. An object would have the same mass on the moon, but a different weight, because gravity’s force is not as strong on the moon.

What do we use to measure gravity’s force acting on an object?

How can we measure an object’s mass?

A.) A spring scale

A.) Submerge it in water and watch the water level to see how much it has risen. The displaced amount shows the actual amount of space occupied by the object.

• Two boxes are the same size, which statement is true about the boxes?– The boxes weigh the same– The boxes have the same mass– Gravity pulls on both of the boxes with the same

force– None of the above

• Two buses leave your school at the same time on their way to the Pacific Science Center. Bus A takes the freeway and travels at 50mph, Bus B takes side streets and travels at 45mph. They travel the same distance. Who gets there first?

Bus A arrives first.

• Two bikers leave Seattle. After 2 hours, Mike has arrived in Bellevue, 20 miles away, and Selena has biked 8 miles down the coast, completed a 5 mile trail loop, and biked back to Seattle. Who moved faster?– The better rider– The one who left Seattle first– Selena– Mike

A stewardess pushes a cart at 1mph toward the nose of an airplane moving 500mph. Is the cart or the airplane moving faster and why?

The cart is moving with the plane 500mph but is also moving forward inside the plane +1 mph=501mph

Describe an event that causes the formation of a fossil.

A.) the plant or animal may have been buried in sediment that hardened into rock and left an imprint orA.) dissolved minerals may have seeped into a piece of wood and hardened into rock

If you found a fish fossil at the top of a mountain, what could you conclude about the environment when the fossil was formed?

A.) fish fossils would indicate that a body of water existed at the time the fossils formed

Is water the same substance in a gas, liquid, or solid?

A.) Yes- the chemical composition has not changed; still the same, just different states of matter

List some examples of liquids.

A.) Water, juice, oil, saliva, pop, milk, etc.

List some examples of solids.

A.) rocks, chairs, humans, desks, fish, the floor, etc.

List some examples of gases.

A.) Air, carbon dioxide, ozone, helium, etc.

How do you change liquid water into steam?

A.) You heat it up

How can you change liquid water into ice?

A.) You take heat away (cool it).

Describe the characteristics of air that make air a gas.

A.) expands to fill a closed container, increases pressure in a closed container when more is added).

What can wind do?

A.) Move sailboats, move branches, make a flag whip in the wind, fly a kite

If salt is poured into a cup of water, is the salt still there? What could you do to prove it?

A.) The salt is still there. You could evaporate out the water and examine the salt crystals at the bottom of the glass.

• Does a gram of salt weigh the same when it is in solid form as it does when you pour it into a cup of water? What could you do to find out?

Yes it weighs the same. Measure the gram of water on the scale in the solid state. Weigh a cup of water. Pour the salt into the water and measure the weight of the water again. Record the difference in weight and see if it has changed.

• Does an intact glass cup weigh the same as it does after it has been broken into pieces? Why or why not?

Yes- the sum of the pieces still weighs as much as the whole.

• What shape is the planet Earth? How do you know?

A.) Spherical. Picture of Earth from space.

• Why do objects fall down and not up?

A.) The force of gravity acts on the objects and makes them fall.

• What causes day and night?

A.) The Earth is spinning on an axis and when the part of Earth faces the sun it is day and when it faces away from the sun it is night.

• Why can you see some constellations during the summer but different constellations during the winter?

A.) The Earth revolves around the sun and as the Earth spins around the sun, different star patterns are visible.

What is the one star that is essential for life on Earth?

A.) The sun. It provides energy for plants to grow, warms our planet so life can persist, etc.

• Does the Earth revolve around the sun or does the sun revolve around the Earth? How do you know.

A.) The Earth revolves around the sun. You know because of the changes of seasons, day and night, etc.

Why does the sun appear larger and brighter than any other star?

A.) It is closer to Earth.

What are the forms of energy?

A.) light, heat, sound, motion, chemical, and electricity

Describe an energy transfer in the solar system.

A.) Ex: light energy travels from the sun to earth through space

Describe an energy transfer in the food web.

A.) the plant takes the sun’s light energy and changes it into food energy. When an animal eats the plant the food energy can transform into heat energy, sound energy, or motion energy.

• How can heat energy be created?

A.) Lighting a match; rubbing your hands together and creating friction.

• How does heat energy transfer?

A.) From hot objects to cool object like a flame heating a cool frying pan

• How is sound energy generated?

A.) By making an object vibrate.

• How is sound energy transferred through air?

A.) Sound energy travels from a vibrating source to an object by making air particles vibrate.

• Draw and label an electrical circuit with a battery, wire, tape, and bulb?

• What are some examples of raw materials?

• What are some examples of human made materials?

Rocks, gems, soil, trees, water

Plastic, Styrofoam, ceramics

• What are the physical and chemical properties that result from the breakdown of rocks and weathering?

A.) heating, cooling, pressure, acid rain, etc.

• What are some of the causes of erosion?

A.) Wind, water moving, ice forming, gravity

• How is soil formed?

A.) weathering, erosion, decay of plant matter, settling, transport by water, deposition of sediments

How can you tell if one soil sample is from the same site (place) as another soil sample?

A.) color, texture, size/shape of particles, amount of dead plant/animal material, capacity for holding water.

• How can does erosion occur in an ecosystem?

• Can the dirt leave one ecosystem and join another?

A.) wind blowing, water moving, ice forming, or gravity pulling

A.) Yes- due to erosion

• How do people slow down erosion?

A.) Plant trees and create retaining walls.

• What do cows, dogs, cats, rats, humans, and whales have in common?

A.) They are mammals; they give birth to live babies, have hair, drink milk, breathe air, and have a four chambered heart.

• What do ostriches, crows, swallows, and hummingbirds have in common?

A.) Winged, bi-pedal (two feet), lay eggs, vertebrae

• What do ants, wasps, moths, mosquitoes, and weevils have in common?

A.) They are all arthropods. They have a three part body, antennae, exoskeletons, three pairs of jointed legs, and compound eyes.

• Why have polar bears evolved to have thick fur?

A.) The thick fur helps the polar bears stay warm in the winter.

• Why do you think the hummingbird has a long thin beak?

A.) The long thin beak helps the birds get nectar in a flower.

• What do the bones do for the human body?

A.) They provide structural support for the body.

• Why do animals hide from predators?

A.) To avoid being eaten – stay alive

• What does a plant do in response to not having enough water?

It wilts.

• What will an animal do when it sees a threat in its environment?

A.) Make hair stand on end to look larger; Run and hide; Stand perfectly still to camouflage into its surroundings; play dead

• In a Washington forest ecosystem what are the nonliving components?

Dirt, sunlight, rain, rocks, air, water, energy

• In a Washington forest what are the living components of the ecosystem?

All the plants and animals in the ecosystem. Dead leaves are also classified as the living components in the ecosystem

Tell me about how animal and plant population depend on each other for survival and growth.

A.) Example: worms decompose waste returning minerals to the soil which help plants grow. The plants grow and the heriborves eat the plants and get the energy. Then carivores eat the herbivores . The carnivores die of a disease and lay on the ground. The worm (decomposer) eats the dead body and the cycle continues.

• What energy inputs do plants need?

What are energy outputs?

A.) Sun light (the ONLY one)

Cells, growth, seeds, leaves, fruit

• What matter inputs does a plant have?

• What are its matter outputs?Water, nutrients, carbon dioxide

Growth, seed production, flowers, oxygen, water, cells, leaves, fruit

• How do plants get energy to grow?

A.) Plants make their own energy by using water, the sun’s light, and carbon dioxide to create energy

How do animals get energy?

A.) They eat plant, other carnivores, or herbivores

Name some producers in the wetland ecosystem.

Grasses, elm trees, small plants, tumble weed, etc.

Name some consumers in an ocean ecosystem.

Salmon, zooplankton, whales, porpoises, dolphins, fish, etc.

Name some decomposers in a Washington Ecosystem.

A.) Worms, slugs, flies, bacteria, and fungi

How is a producer different from a consumer in an ecosystem?

A.) A consumer eats animals or plants to get energy. A producer can use the suns energy, water, and carbon dioxide to make energy.

How can an increase in temperature affect the food web in a temperate forest?

.A.) An increase in temperature causes an increase of plant growth and production (if water is also present) and if the plants increase, animals will be able to find food easier and then they will survive and reproduce

In a stapler system:

what is the matter input?

Matter output?

Energy input?

Energy output?

Staples

Bent staples

Pushed down (kinetic energy)

Pops up (kinetic energy)SoundHeat

Flashlight

What is the matter input and output?Matter input: Matter output:What is the energy input and output?Energy inputs:

Energy Output:

batteries

empty batteries

chemical energy, kinetic(mechanical) energy (flipping switch)

light and heat

Toaster

What is the matter input?Matter input: Matter output:Describe the energy transfer.

bread

toast

Energy input: mechanical (push lever down) which includes sound and heat and the cord carries electricity energy from outlet coils change electricity to heat which makes lever pop up- kinetic energy and then you hear sound energy and can feel heat energy

Ecosystems?

• How might in increase in rainfall affect the desert rat population in a desert ecosystem?

An increase in rain could mean an increase in plant life production because water is a limiting factor in the desert. If the plants increase, there will be more food for the desert mice and then the desert mice population will increase. Because the desert mouse population will increase, then predator’s who eat the desert mouse will also increase because more food is available. Etc.

• Describe a change in an ecosystem that could impact a population of plants or animals.

Change in climate, precipitation levels, sunlight, predator/prey populations, pollution, fires, floods, etc.

Solve the problem

A park in Newcastle existed for many years. It was a Washington forest habitat and had many native plants and animals living there. Recently a developer came and built a housing complex next to the park. Now the park is underwater? Why is the park under water? What could the city do to restore the park back to normal?

planting native species to prevent flooding and erosion

• Describe one or more characteristics of a population of organisms that enable that population of organisms to thrive and grow in a given ecosystem.

Easily adapt to changes in the environment; eat many things; have lots of babies

• Why do offspring look like their parents?

A.) characteristics such as eye color, hair color, strong build etc, are inherited from their parents; the are passed in something called DNA

If a tree is blowing in the wind and looses a branch, will it’s offspring also be missing branches? Why or why not?

No- losing a branch is a result of the tree’s interaction with the environment and cannot be passed down through heredity

• How do you know plant and animal species have changed over time?

Fossils

• How can fossils prove that some species are extinct?

If no living creature has the same body parts and features as the fossil, one can conclude that the organism lived at one point in time, but is no longer living today.