Howard Hughes

Best known for: aviator, movie producer, billionaire, hypochonBest known for: aviator, movie producer, billionaire, hypochondriacdriac （抑郁症患者）（抑郁症患者） .. Born: Howard Robard Hughes, Jr., December 24, 1905, in HousBorn: Howard Robard Hughes, Jr., December 24, 1905, in Houston.ton. Family: Mother: Allene (Gano) Hughes (died March 29, 1922); FaFamily: Mother: Allene (Gano) Hughes (died March 29, 1922); Father: Howard Robard Hughes, Sr., founder of Hughes Tool Comther: Howard Robard Hughes, Sr., founder of Hughes Tool Company (died January 14, 1924); Uncle: father's brother Rupert, a pany (died January 14, 1924); Uncle: father's brother Rupert, a writer for Samuel Goldwyn's movie studios; Wives: Houston sowriter for Samuel Goldwyn's movie studios; Wives: Houston socialite Ella Rice (married June 1, 1925, divorced in 1929); Actrescialite Ella Rice (married June 1, 1925, divorced in 1929); Actress Jean Peters (married 1957, divorced 1970); Hughes often dats Jean Peters (married 1957, divorced 1970); Hughes often dated Hollywood actresses in the 1930s, especially Katherine Heped Hollywood actresses in the 1930s, especially Katherine Hepburn.burn.

Education: Education: Hughes attended private school in Boston, Hughes attended private school in Boston, where he was better at golf than classwork. where he was better at golf than classwork. He was attending thacherHe was attending thacher School in CalifornSchool in California when his mother died. In California, Hughia when his mother died. In California, Hughes spent time with his uncle, Rupert, who ines spent time with his uncle, Rupert, who inspired his later interest in filmmakingspired his later interest in filmmaking （（电电影摄制影摄制 ）） . Hughes never graduated from hi. Hughes never graduated from high school. Nonetheless, his father arranged gh school. Nonetheless, his father arranged for him to sit in onfor him to sit in on

classes at Cal Tech by donating classes at Cal Tech by donating money to the school. money to the school.

Afterward, Howard returned to Afterward, Howard returned to Houston and enrolled at Rice Houston and enrolled at Rice Institute (now Rice University)..Institute (now Rice University)..

Howard, Sr. died suddenly a few Howard, Sr. died suddenly a few weeks after his son turned weeks after his son turned eighteen. Young Howard inherited eighteen. Young Howard inherited much of the family estate and much of the family estate and dropped out of Ricedropped out of Rice

He had three wives all his life: Ella Rice (1925-1929) Terry Moore(1949-1976) Jean Peters(1957-1971)

Profession: Family business: Uncle RuProfession: Family business: Uncle Rupert supervisedpert supervised （监督） （监督） Howard's paHoward's part of the estate and interests in the Hurt of the estate and interests in the Hughes Tool Company until he was twenghes Tool Company until he was twenty-one. Family quarrels led Howard to ty-one. Family quarrels led Howard to have company lawyers buy out his relhave company lawyers buy out his relatives. A Houston judge and friend of atives. A Houston judge and friend of his late father's granted Howard legal his late father's granted Howard legal adulthood on December 26, 1924, alloadulthood on December 26, 1924, allowing him to take over the tool compawing him to take over the tool company. ny.

1927 《 Everybody'sActing 》

1928 《 The Racket 》

1930 《 Hell's Angels 》

1931 《 The Front Page 》

1932 《伤疤脸》

1943 《 The Outlaw 》

His movies:

<Everybody’s Acting> (1927)<Two Arabian Nights> (1928)<The Racket> (1928)<The Front Page> (1931)And so on…

Aviation: In 1932, Hughes formed the Hughes AircraAviation: In 1932, Hughes formed the Hughes Aircraft Company division of Hughes Tool. The company ft Company division of Hughes Tool. The company has pioneeredhas pioneered （开发者） （开发者） many innovationsmany innovations （改（改革） 革） in aerospacein aerospace （宇宙空间） （宇宙空间） technology. But its technology. But its origin was an attempt to finance the expensive conorigin was an attempt to finance the expensive conversion of a military plane into a racing plane. The version of a military plane into a racing plane. The next year, he achieved a false status by lobbyingnext year, he achieved a false status by lobbying(( 大厅大厅 ) the Commerce Department to lower his pilo) the Commerce Department to lower his pilot‘s license number from 4223 to 80. Charles Lindbt‘s license number from 4223 to 80. Charles Lindbergh’s number was 69. The only real job Hughes eergh’s number was 69. The only real job Hughes ever had also came in 1933. He signed on as a co-pilover had also came in 1933. He signed on as a co-pilott （（副驾驶员 ） ） for American Airways. He applied unfor American Airways. He applied under the name Charles W. Howard.der the name Charles W. Howard.

It was flown It was flown only once on only once on November 2, November 2, 1947, by 1947, by Hughes Hughes himself. The himself. The public public ridiculed him ridiculed him by calling the by calling the plane "The plane "The Spruce Spruce Goose."Goose."

Military-Industrial Complex: Military-Industrial Complex: Throughout the 1950s, as the power of tThroughout the 1950s, as the power of three entities grew -- the Hughes empirehree entities grew -- the Hughes empire（帝国）（帝国） , organized crime, and the new , organized crime, and the new Central Intelligence Agency -- it became Central Intelligence Agency -- it became all but impossible to distinguish betweeall but impossible to distinguish between themn them

Hughes took over Air West in 1970. HughHughes took over Air West in 1970. Hughes was increasingly reclusive and decreaes was increasingly reclusive and decreasingly in control of his business dealings. singly in control of his business dealings. Not even Nixon could contact him directNot even Nixon could contact him directly. Maheu's power was also declining. Thly. Maheu's power was also declining. The CIA assassination plots had begun to lee CIA assassination plots had begun to leak to the press, requiring the governmenak to the press, requiring the government to distance itself from Maheu.t to distance itself from Maheu.

In 1972, Hughes sold Hughes Tool In 1972, Hughes sold Hughes Tool Company's stock and renamed his Company's stock and renamed his company Summa Corporation, company Summa Corporation, ending any remaining role in his ending any remaining role in his business.business.

Death: Hughes died April 5, 1976, en routDeath: Hughes died April 5, 1976, en route by private jet to a hospital in Houston. e by private jet to a hospital in Houston. His drastically changed appearance and His drastically changed appearance and the fact that he had been seen by so few the fact that he had been seen by so few people for so long forced the Treasury Dpeople for so long forced the Treasury Department to use fingerprintsepartment to use fingerprints （指纹） （指纹） tto identify his body. He left an estate estio identify his body. He left an estate estimated at $2 billion. Four hundred prospmated at $2 billion. Four hundred prospective heirs tried to inherit it but it eventective heirs tried to inherit it but it eventually went to twenty-two cousins on botually went to twenty-two cousins on both sides of his family. h sides of his family.

Texas, Nevada and California claimed Texas, Nevada and California claimed inheritance-tax in disputes reviewed by inheritance-tax in disputes reviewed by the Supreme Court three times. Hughes the Supreme Court three times. Hughes Aircraft ended up in the hands of Hughes Aircraft ended up in the hands of Hughes Medical Institute, which sold it to General Medical Institute, which sold it to General Motors in 1985 for $5 billion. Four hotels Motors in 1985 for $5 billion. Four hotels and six casinos in Las Vegas and Reno and six casinos in Las Vegas and Reno remained with Summa Corporation.remained with Summa Corporation.