howtodrawbohrdiagramsslideshare 120310011759-phpapp01 (1)
TRANSCRIPT
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How to Draw Bohr Diagrams
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Atomic Structure
• Atoms have a nucleus that contains Protons and Neutrons
• Electrons are contained in shells that surround the nucleus
• An atom is made of mostly empty space• Protons have a positive (+) charge• Electrons have a negative (-) charge • Neutrons are Neutral
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Valence Electrons• Each electron shell can hold
a certain number of electrons
• Electron shells are filled from the inside out
• Noble Gases have full outer electron shells
• All other elements have partially filled outer electron shells
Electron Shell
Number of Electrons
1 2
2 83 8
4 185 186 32
7 32
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Valence Electrons
• The electrons in the outer most electron shell are called valence electrons
• The shell containing electrons that is furthest from the nucleus is called the valence shell
• The number of electron shells with electrons is the same as (=) the period number
• Atoms will try to gain or lose electrons to have a full valence shell
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Bohr Diagrams
1) Find your element on the periodic table.2) Determine the number of electrons – it is the
same as the atomic number.3) This is how many electrons you will draw.
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Bohr Diagrams
• Find out which period (row) your element is in.
• Elements in the 1st period have one energy level.
• Elements in the 2nd period have two energy levels, and so on.
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Bohr Diagrams
C
1) Draw a nucleus with the element symbol inside.
2) Carbon is in the 2nd period, so it has two energy levels, or shells.
3) Draw the shells around the nucleus.
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Bohr Diagrams
1) Add the electrons.2) Carbon has 6
electrons.3) The first shell can only
hold 2 electrons.C
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Bohr Diagrams
1) Since you have 2 electrons already drawn, you need to add 4 more.
2) These go in the 2nd shell.
3) Add one at a time -starting on the right side and going counter clock-wise.
C
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Bohr Diagrams
1) Check your work.2) You should have 6 total
electrons for Carbon.3) Only two electrons can
fit in the 1st shell.4) The 2nd shell can hold up
to 8 electrons.5) The 3rd shell can hold 18,
but the elements in the first few periods only use 8 electrons.
C
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Bohr Diagrams
End of Study Guide.
You should know how to draw a Bohr Diagram for
the first 20 elements.