hubei provincial seed group co.,ltd 楚国种天下用 !

HUBEI PROVINCIAL SEED GROUP CO.,LTD

楚国种天下用

!

A life cycle of Cotton • The life cycle of Cotton contains seed germination and sprouting f

rom the first, roots and stems and leaves growth, and branches e

merging and elongating , Based on the grawth of vegetative orge

ms,reproductive orgems formation and deuelopment ,such as flo

wer bud differentiation, budding, flowering, boll enlarging, and bol

l opening and cotton seeds mature.

• According to organs forming sequence and development process,c

otton growing periods can be divided as five stages:seed sprouting,

seedling, bud, flowering and boll forming and boll opening stages.

Sowing seeds and raising seedlings in

nursery pots

sprouting stage

Transplanted seedlings

seedling stage

bud stage

flowering and boll forming stage

Boll opening stage

(Mature period)

hybrid cotton seed production

hybrid cotton seed production: In simple term ， hybrid cotton seed production indicates that before th

e flowers of female parent bloom, remove their stamens and corolla and th

en pollinate their stigmas with male parent’s pollens, finally the female par

ent bolls produce hybrid F1 seeds.

Mother line

♀

Father line ♂

Simple diagram of hybrid cotton seed production

Early management and operation procedures in hybrid cotton seed production

Seedbed management and roguing

Transplanting

Seedling stage management

Bud stage management

Flowering and boll forming stage management

Cotton harvest and cotton ginning

Natural conditions

Field selection

Preparation of nutrient soil

Parents seed selection and treatment

Sowing

Field preparation

8

10

12

11

1

4

3

2

7

6

5

9

•An important part of blossoming and boll forming stage

——artificial pollination

1.Natural conditions

Tilling soil layer

Subsoil layer

Zinc Boron Sulphur Manganese Molybdenum

PH valueOrganic mater

Total N

Active P

Active K

1.Natural conditions

• Water requirements: it need rainfall 450-600mm during growing period;

• Light requirements:

Compensation point :1000-2000lux; Saturation point :70000-80000 lux.

• Temperature requirements : 14 -35 , ℃ ℃

the optimum 25 -30 .℃ ℃

2 、 Field selection

Fertile soil, flat, no shadow, located leeward;

contiguous vast plot, convenient irrigation and

drainage, disease-free

The requirements of fields ：

3. preparation of nutrient soil

• Prepare 6.5-7MT nutrient

soil for one hectare

seedbed, mix with 30kg

compound fertilizer, and

then water the soil 15

days ahead seed sowing.

Compound

fertilizer

4. Parent seeds selection and treatment

• Select plump, vigorous and

intact seeds

• One day before sowing: soak the seed

s with water solution of 150mg/kg DPC

and 70% imidacloprid 500mg/kg for 8 h

ours. One kg water solution can soak 2

kg seeds.

Soak seeds

5. Sowing

Include ：

• Preparation of Nutritionp

ot;

• Filling nutrient soil in nut

ritionpots and watering a

dvance;

• Dibble seeding;

• Earthing the seeds with

nutrient soil; covering th

e seedbed with polythen

e membrane

5. Sowing

5.1 Nutritionpots

Prepare 33000 plastic cups per hectare that each cup has a small hole at the bottom

(Making nutrition bowls for nursery)(plastic cup for nursery)

5. Sowing

5.2. Filling soil and watering

filled with soil water the soil one day before sowing

5. Sowing5.3. Dibble seeding

a. Make a hole in the central of bowl (if the bowl is a plastic cup)

b. Put a seed (bigger side upwards) in the hole

Keep water holding capacity of the soil at about 80% Before sowing

Sowing male parent seeds 3-5 days earlier than female parent

5. Sowing

After sowing, cover the seeds with a

layer of 1.5cm depth fine soil, press

the soil slightly, then cover with plas

tic membrane to keep proper moistu

re. If the temperature is too high, su

nshading nets is needed.

5.4 Earthing the seeds and

covering embrane

6. Field preparation

6.1 Furrow and ridge

a. Deeply plough the land and harrow the

soil;

b. Dig ditches every 190cm and make ridges

for cotton seedling transplanting;

c. make 2 trenches on each ridge for fertilizer

applying.

Space 190cmditches

6. Field Preparation

6.2 Field fertilization

Apply basal fertilizer before transplanting: organic

fertilizer 40-60 cubic meters, or cake fertilizer 750kg,

urea 300kg, 12% Phosphate 900kg, 60% potash 225kg,

zinc 15kg, manganese fertilizer 15kg, Granubor

(boron) 4.5kg. (per hectare )

trench

6. Field Preparation

6.3 Chemical weeding

a.We can spray 48% Trifluralin 1500-1875g/hm2 on the surface of soil before transplanting ；

use in early time

Trifluralin

7. Seedbed management and roguing off-type 7.1 Seedbed management

The main work is spraying chemicals to prevent diseases and pests

Carbendazol,Furandan,Tachigaren

7. Seedbed management and roguing off-type

7.2 Roguing off-type

b. When the seedlings are

at 1.5 leaves stage,

spraying kanamycin

solution 8000mg/kg for

roguing off-type (the

plants will become

yellowish and die after 5

days)

a. Female parents ： identify and remove the off-type plants by the appearanc

e of shape (such as hair and color of stem) during seedling and bud stages

kanamycin

Off-type plants

8. TransplantingApplying compound fertilizer 225kg/ha before

transplanting. Start transplanting from 2.5 leaves

stage.Timely watering

after transplanting

8. TransplantingRow spacing &plant spacing of female plants (F) and male plants (M)

Transplant Male plants 3-5 days

earlier than female parent with

the row and plant spacing 70cm:

45cm, and female plants spacing

is 95cm: 45cm. Area ratio of Male

and female parents is 1:7-8.

Check and fill the vacant place in

time after transplanting.

F

row to row space

Plant to plant space M

Plant to plant space

row to row space

9. Seedling stage management

9.1 Fertilization and watering

• Apply less quantity fertilizer

for 1-2 times after the

seedlings recovered: spot

applying solution of urea

apart 10-13cm from the

seedlings, per acre land

need urea 24 to 30 kg.

Repeat once if necessary.

9. Seedling stage management

9.2 Disease and pest control

• Mainly prevent aphids, thrips and other pe

sts in the seeding stage

aphids

thrips

10. Bud stage management 10.1 Bud stage Fertilization

When bud appears in cotton plant,

apply decomposed cake fertilizer

240-300kg, potash 60 kg and

compound fertilizer 150 kg.

Caution: do not use quick-acting

nitrogen such as urea from the

budding stage till to early flowering.

After fertilization, taking soil to make ridge at the base of seedlings to prevent plant lodging and waterlogging.

10.2 Ridging and molding

10. Bud stage management

10.3 Pruning in time

Remove vegetative shoots,

redundant branches and buds at

the bottom to create a fruitful

frame. If seedlings density is

low, remain 1-2 vegetative

shoots to cover vacant space.

Apply DPC 30g/hm2 to prevent buds shattering and over-flourishing of the seedlings after budding according to the weather and seedling conditions

DPC

10.4 Chemical control


Cotton is a kind of often cross-polli

nated crop, parental mutations usu

ally occurs. During bud stage, off-ty

pe features are visible, roguing wor

k should be done in time according

to plant type, leaf shape, boll-shap

e or the number of stem villi, ability

of insect and disease resistance etc.

10.5 Roguing


10.6 Pests control

Control of aphids, cotton bollworm, bli

nd stinkbug, corn borer and other harmful

pests in the bud stage

Aphid Cotton bugs

Corn borer

Cotton bollworm

Aphids

11. Management during the flowering and boll forming stage

11.1 Topdressing in flower-boll stage

a. Ploughing near cotton plants and applying fertilizer after the first boll form (boll diameter 2cm ). Apply urea 225kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer 600kg/hm2, potassium fertilizer 225kg/hm2, Granubor (boron) 1-2 bags b. Apply urea 150kg/hm2 after 15-20 days of previous topdressing according seedling condition; c. Later period topdressing is spraying water solution of urea and KH2PO4, once a week.


11.2 Proper chemical regulation

●According to the weather and seedling condition, use regulator 2-3 times f

rom initial flowering to topping stage. 5-7 days after topping, apply 25% DP

C 20-25ml/hm2 for capping (final regulation).

● Remove the tops of

plants and tips of down

side branches to elimin

ate the top superiority

when fruit branches re

ach 20-21 per plant or i

n the mid-October

11.3 Remove tops


11.4 Diseases and pests control

Mainly prevent cotton bollworm: biological control and ecological chemical is

the main treatment in earlier stages; organophosphorus insecticide and

chrysanthemate pesticide are the main chemicals during later stages, spraying

such pesticides every 5-7days, joined by manual seizing of aged larvae.

bollworm

Ecological pesticide

Organophosphoru

s insecticide


• An important part of flowering and boll forming stage ——artificial pollination

●What is artificial pollination?

● how to do it?

Artificial pollination

• Pollination time

• Preparation before Pollination

• Ways and means of emasculation

and pollination

• Pollination notice

• Inspection personnel requirements

Artificial pollination1. Preparation before Pollination

Color

thread

sieve

Pollination bottle

Cloth

bag

forceps

a. 50-60 employees needed per

hectare land. Reserve fingernail

s 10days ahead

b. Preparation for pollination work

c. Before the date of pollination, r

emove vegetative branches and

new redundant branches and s

hoots of female plants; Check a

nd ensure removing all the exis

ting cotton bolls and flowers in

the morning of emasculation.

d. The due pollination time is tent

atively scheduled around in Se

ptember 1st


2. Ways and means of emasculation and pollination

b. Object of emasculation ： corolla of rapid elongation of the female parent

a. Time of emasculation ： every 1:00 pm to next 5:00 am

Bloomed female bud is forbidden for emasculation.


c. Emasculation ： insert forceps or thumbnail into a crown base, remove the corolla and anther around the ovary.

No anther left, no injury to the bract, ovary and stigma. All removed anthers taken out of the field

2. Ways and means of emasculation and pollination


a. Pollen collection requirements： collect anthers together with the corolla from male plants’ flowers

4.Pollen collection

male

Sieve the pollen out and collect them into vials for pollination

Artificial pollination4.Pollen collection

b. Issues for pollen preservation

If the next day may rain, fetch the male plant ready-flowering buds in advance, and store

them in refrigerator at 10-15 . ℃

Weather forecast Fetch male bud Cold store


4. pollination

Every sunny day, start

pollination after dew

dried, about 9:00 am

During rainy season, one end closed tube should be used to protect the post-emasculated stigma and to prevent subsequent pollination failing from rain soaking 。

The next day, remove the bloomed buds and take out of the field before emasculation.

5. Pollination notice


（ NOTE: The pollens would lose activity if the pollens of male parent blooming flowers were soaked by rain, or pollinated pollens on stigma met rainwater within 2 hours.

Therefore, we should pay attention to the weather: If the next day may rain, fetch the male plant ready-flowering buds in advance (the night or next early morning), and store them in refrigerator at 10-15 . ℃



Pollinate after the drew on the stigma dried


●Remove all non-emasculated flowers and self-pollinated bolls on the female plants in time, including those resulted by

consecutive rainy days

●Cut off new branches after

the pollination period


Suffered by high temperature and dry weather, the pollen number of

male flowers will be lessened, spraying water or irrigating in time could

reduce temperature and increase the pollens.



Artificial pollination6. The duty of the inspection staff

5:00-7:00 AM check emasculating condition of the previous day, examine by monitoring points.

7:00-9:00AM check and clear white and red flowers and the quality of previous pollination, Remove red and white flowers in time before pollination to prevent self-crossed bolls.

Clearance standard: no white and red flowers exist in seed production fields before hand-pollination

First, check whether the pollination is sufficient and uniform. (Observe the pollen on the stigma)


Second, check whether buds kept un-pollinated.

Check the quality of pollination

6. The duty of the inspection staff

19 、检验人员工作要求

Afternoon (15:30-18:30): Check the quality of emasculating and situation of removing self-crossed boll.


人工授粉棉桃

自交成桃


Female

Emasculation

Hand-pollinated

boll

Self-pollinated

boll

Bract

Hand-pollinated

Boll

Self-pollinated

Boll

First, whether the emasculation of the buds is perfect. Anther can not be

left. The removed corolla and stamens should be taken out of the field

and destroyed.

Second, whether the emasculation of the fields is thoroughly.

Emasculate all the buds which will bloom on the next day.

Check the quality of emasculation ：

Artificial pollination6. The duty of the inspection staff

● Inspection staff must urge the workers to remove the self-pollinated bolls

all the time, and check before and after the work. 3-5 days after the pollinati

on and removing, inspection staff check and accept it. Rate of self-pollinate

d bolls (include flowers and buds) in the seed field must be less than 0.1%.


≤ 0.1%


23 、授粉结束

The pollination would be probably end on November 1st.

Remove male plants after completing the whole pollination work; cut away the tops of female branches and spray water solution of DPC 80-120g per hectare. Clear the later flowers and buds continuously for 10days.

12. Cotton harvest and cotton ginning

a.Harvest cotton every 7 days after cotton boll opened.

b.Sundry the cotton, remove out rotten and rigid pieces. Amass ginning after cotton dry.

12.1Cotton harvest

晒花

Harves

t P

icking

Ginning machine of more than 40 sheets of saw tooth ? are used

for cotton ginning. Ensure the seed broken rate is less than 2%,

percentage of healthy seeds is above 85% and germination is above

72%

12.2 Examination of cotton ginning

12. Cotton harvest and cotton ginning

hubei provincial seed group co.,ltd 楚国种 天下用 !

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hubei provincial seed group co.,ltd 楚国种天下用 !