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H-ng dn gii thi th ln 1: s 1D 2014------

Cu 1:Mt kim loi M c s khi bng 54, tng s ht gm (p, n, e) trong M2+l 78. M l nguyn t no:A. 5424Cr B.

5425Mn C.

5426Fe D.

5427Co

Gii: Chn C

542654 26 e2Z 2 78 28A Z N Z FN N

Cu 2: Cho H c 2 ng v 11H v21H v oxi c 3 ng v

168O ,

178O v

188O . Hi c th to nn bao nhiu

phn t nc t 2 nguyn t c cc ng v trnA. 8 B. 9 C. 12 D. Kt qu khc

Gii: Chn B

H2O16

8O

1 1

1 2 3 3 9

1 3

Cu 3: Cho cc cht FeS, Cu2S, FeSO4, H2S, Ag, Fe, KMnO4, Na2SO3, Fe(OH)2. S cht c th phn ngvi H2SO4c nng to ra SO2l:

A. 9 B. 8 C. 6 D. 7Gii: Chn B

2FeS + 10H2SO4ot Fe2(SO4)3+ 9SO2 + 10H2O

Cu2S + 6H2SO4ot 2CuSO4+ 5SO2 + 6H2O

2FeSO4+ 2H2SO4ot Fe2(SO4)3+ SO2 + 2H2O

H2S + 3H2SO4ot 4SO2 + 4H2O

2Ag + 2H2SO4ot Ag2SO4+ SO2 + 2H2O

2Fe + 6H2SO4ot Fe2(SO4)3+ 3SO2 + 6H2O

Na2SO3+ H2SO4otNa2SO4+ H2O + SO2 (phn ng trao i)

2Fe(OH)2+ 4H2SO4ot Fe2(SO4)3+ SO2 + 6H2O

Cu 4: Cho V lt NO2(ktc) hp th vo mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sau c cn th thu c15,4 gam cht rn khan cha hn hp 2 mui. Nung cht rn ny ti khi cn mt mui duy nht cn li13,8 gam. Hy chn th tch ng ca V.

A. 1,12 lt B. 2,24 lt C. 4,48 lt D.5,60 ltGii: Chn C

NO22 2

32 O

2

OO 0,2

O

oNaOH tNO NaN

NaNNaN n n

NaN

mol

V = 0,2. 22,4 = 4,48lt

Cu 5: Tnh th tch dung dch Ba(OH)20,025M cn cho vo 100 ml dung dch gm HNO3v HCl cpH = 1 dung dch thu c c pH = 2.

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A. 0,456 lt B. 0,15 lt C. 0,125 lt D. 0,312 ltGii: Chn B

2sau

0,05 0, 01 0, 052 [ ] = 10 0,15

0,01 0,1OH

H

n V VpH H V

n V

lt

Cu 6: C hin tng g khi cho Na2CO3vo dung dch CuSO4:A. C kt ta xanh v c kh thot raB. C kt ta mu nu v c kh thot raC. C kt ta trng xanh ha nu trong khng khD. C kt ta xanh

Gii: Chn ANa2CO3+ CuSO4+ H2O Cu(OH)2 + CO2 + Na2SO4

Cu 7:Nung 3,2 gam hn hp gm CuO v Fe2O3vi cacbon trong iu kin c khng kh phn ng xyra hon ton 0,672 lt (ktc) hn hp gm CO v CO2c t khi so vi hiro l 19,33. Thnh phn % theokhi lng ca CuO v Fe2O3trong hn hp u l:

A. 50% v 50% B. 66,66% v 33,34%C. 40% v 60% D. 65% v 35%Gii: Chn A

2 3 2

1: :

3,2 0,03 a 0,01; 0,022e O : :

a 0,03

aCuO x CO a

g C KL mol bbF y CO b

b

BTNT O3 0,01 2.0,02 x 0,02

% 50%80x 160 3,2 0,01 CuOx y

my y

Cu 8: Ha tan 11,2 gam Fe bng dung dch HNO3thu c kh NO duy nht, dung dch X v cn li

2,8 gam cht rn khng tan. Tnh khi lng mui trong dung dch X:A. 40,5 gam B. 27 gam C 36,3 gam D. 54 gamGii: Chn B

n Fep=11,2 2,8

0,1556

V Fe d ch to ra Fe(NO3)2= nFe= 0,15 m= 0,15.180 = 27 gam

Cu 9:in phn 250 gam dung dch CuSO48% n khi nng CuSO4trong dung dch thu c gimi v bng mt na so vi trc phn ng th dng li. Khi lng kim loi bm catot c gi tr no sauy?

A. 4,08 gam B. 2,04 gam C. 4,58 gam D. 4,5 gamGii: Chn A

4uS 0,125C On mol CuSO4+ H2O Cu + H2SO4+ 1/2 O2x x x/2

m ddsau= mb- mCu-2 O

m = 250 - 64x - .32 250 80x2

x

4uSO cndds

. (0,125 ).160% .100 .100 4 x 0,06375 4,08

250 80xC au

n M xC m g

m

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Cu 10: Cho cc phn ng sau:(I) Ca(OH)2+ CO2 CaCO3 + H2O(II) CaO + CO2 CaCO3(III) CaCO3+ H2O + CO2 Ca(HCO3)2,(IV) Ca(HCO3)2 CaCO3 + H2O + CO2Trong cc phn ng trn, phn ng no dng gii thch s to thnh thch nh trong cc hang

ng vi?A. (IV) B. (III) C. (II) D. (I)Gii: Chn A

Cu 11:X l dung dch AlCl3, Y l dung dch NaOH 2M. Thm 240 ml dung dch Y vo cc cha 100mldung dch X, khuy u ti phn ng hon ton thy trong cc 6,24 gam kt ta. Thm tip vo cc100 ml dung dch Y, khuy u ti kt thc cc phn ng thy trong cc c 4,68 gam kt ta. Nng molca dung dch X bng

A. 1,85M B. 1,2M C 1,5M D. 1,6MGii: chn A

n NaOH tng= 0,08 Al3++ 3OH- Al(OH)3

nAl(OH)3sau cng= 0,06 0,06 0,18 0,06Al3++ 4OH- AlO2-+ H2O

0,125 0,53

3 0,06 0,125 0,185 1,85AlClMAl

n C M

Cu 12:t chy hon ton 1,8 gam cht hu c A ch cha C, H, O. Dn ton b sn phm chy quabnh cha dung dch Ba(OH)2 thy khi lng tng 5,32 gam; v thu c 11,82 gam kt ta v dungdch nc lc B, lc b kt ta cho tip dung dch NaOH vo dung dch B li thu c thm 1,97 gamcht kt ta na. Xc ch cng thc phn t A.

A. C2H6O2 B. C3H8O C. C4H10O2 D. C4H10OGii: chn C

2 2 2

2 3 3

tan

1 2

5,32 0,1 0,2

2 0,08 0,64 0,04

binh g CO H O H O H

CO lan BaCO lan BaCO O A C H O

m m m n n

n n n m m m m m

CxHyOz x : y : z = 0,08 : 0,02 : 0,04 = 2 : 5 : 1

(C2H5O)n s dng 2 2y x , y chn n = 2 C4H10O2

Cu 13:t chy hon ton 0,15 mol 2 ankan c 9,45 gam H2O. Sc hn hp sn phm vo dung dchCa(OH)2d th khi lng kt ta thu c l:

A. 52,5 gam B. 37,5 gam C. 15 gam D. 42,5 gamGii: Chn B

nankan=2 2 2 3

0,525 0,15 0,375 37,5 H O CO CO CaCOn n n m gam

Cu 14:Khi un nng hn hp 2 ancol no, n chc A, B ng ng k tip vi H2SO4c nhit thch hp c 2 cht hu c A1, B1c t khi hi so vi ancol ban u l = 0,6747. Thnh phn % khilng mi ancol trong hn hp l:

A. %mA = 27,71%; % mB= 72,29%B. %mA= 63,33%; %mB= 36,67%C. %mA= 50%; %mB= 50%

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D. % mA= 40%; % mB= 60%Gii: Chn A

Ancol tch H2O sn phn c M < Mancolchng t sn phm l anken.

2 1 2

14 80,6747 2,666

314 8n n n nn

C H OH C H nn

2 52 5

2 5

3 7

:1 1.46% .100 .100 27,7: 2 1.46 2.60

C H OH C H OH hh

mC H OH xx mC H OH y y m

Cu 15: Cho cc dung dch FeCl3 (1); NaHSO4 (2); NaHCO3 (3); K2S (4); NH4Cl (5); AlCl3 (6);CH3COONa (7). Cc dung dch c pH < 7 l:

A. 1, 2, 5, 6 B. 3, 4, 7 C. 4, 5, 7 D. 2, 3, 5, 6Gii: Chn A

(1) FeCl3(mui to bi baz yu v axit mnh thy phn cho mi trng axit)(5) NH4Cl (mui to bi baz yu v axit mnh thy phn cho mi trng axit)(6) AlCl3(mui to bi baz yu v axit mnh thy phn cho mi trng axit)(2) NaHSO4 Na

++ H++ SO42-

Cu 16: Criolit Na3AlF6c thm vo trong qu trnh in phn Al2O3 sn xut Al nhm mc chchnhno sau y?

A. To thnh hn hp ni trn lp Al lng, thu c Al nguyn chtB. Cho php in phn nhit thp hnC. Tng tan Al2O3D. Tng dn nhit ring ca Al2O3

Gii: Chn D

Cu 17: Cho hn hp X gm Mg, Al, Fe, Cu tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4c, ngui thu c cht rnY v dung dch Z. Nh t t dung dch NH3cho n d vo dung dch Z thu c kt ta v dung dch Z.

Dung dch Z cha nhng ion no sau y:A. Cu2+, SO42-, NH4

+, SO42-

B. Cu(NH3)42+, SO4

2-, NH4+, OH-

C. Mg2+, SO42-, NH4

+, OH-D. Al3+, Mg2+, SO4

2-, Fe3+, NH4+, OH-

Gii: Chn B

Cu 18: Cho hn hp Fe v Cu d vo dung dch HNO3thy thot kh NO. Mui thu c trong dungdch l mui no sau y:

A. Fe(NO3)3 B. Fe(NO3)3v Cu(NO3)2C. Fe(NO3)2v Cu(NO3)2 D. Cu(NO3)2

Gii: Chn CCu d nn Fe3+khng tn ti

Cu 19:Dy cht c xp theo th t tng dn nhit si l:A. CCl4, CHCl3, CH3Cl, CH3F, CH4B. CH3Cl, CHCl3, CCl4, CH3F, CH4C. CH4, CH3F, CH3Cl, CHCl3, CCl4D. CH4, CCl4, CHCl3, CH3Cl, CH3F

Gii: Chn C

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Cu 20:Ha tan 17 gam hn hp NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2vo nc c 500 gam dung dch X. trungha 50 gam dung dch cn dng 40 gam dung dch HCl 3,65%. C cn dung dch sau khi trung ha thuc khi lng mui khan l:

A. 3,16 gam B. 2,44 gam C. 1,58 gam D. 1,22 gamGii: Chn B

nHCl= 0,04 mol

NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2OKOH + HCl KCl + H2OCa(OH)2+ 2HCl CaCl2+ 2H2O

Theo pt ta thy:2O

0,04( )H HCln n mol

Theo LTBTKL: mbaz + mHCl= mmui +2OH

m

1,7 + 36,5.0,04 = mmui + 18. 0,04 mmui= 2,44 gam

Cu 21:Nhit si ca cc cht c sp xp theo th t tng dn nh sau:A. C2H5Cl < CH3-COOH < C2H5OH

B. C2H5Cl < CH3-COOCH3< C2H5OH < CH3COOHC. CH3-OH < CH3-CH2-COOH < NH3 < HClD. HCOOH < CH3OH < CH3COOH < C2H5F

Gii:Chn BTh t nhit si: axit > ancol > este > dn xut halogen

Cu 22: Cho cc phn ng:

1) O3+ dd KI 2) F2+ H2O 3) MnO2+ HCl cot

4) Cl2(kh)+ H2S (kh) 5) H2O2+ Ag2O 6) CuO + NH3ot

7) KMnO4ot 8) H2S + SO2

ot S phn ng to ra n cht l:

A. 5 B. 8 C. 6 D. 7Gii: Chn B

O3+ 2KI + H2O 2KOH + O2+ I2F2+ H2O 2HF + O2

MnO2+ 4HClot MnCl2+ Cl2 + 2H2O

Cl2+ H2S HCl + SH2O2+ Ag2O 2Ag + O2+ H2O

3CuO + 2NH3ot 3Cu + N2+ 3H2O

2KMnO4ot K2MnO4+ MnO2+ O2

2H2S + SO2ot S + 2H2O

Cu 23: Chia 20 gam hn hp hai axit HCOOH v CH3COOH thnh hai phn bng nhau:- Phn mt trung ha va 190ml dung dch NaOH 1M- Phn hai tc dng vi 9,2 gam ancol C2H5OH c xc tc, hiu sut phn ng l 90%. Lng este thu

c l:A. 15 gam B. 13,788 gam C. 14,632 gam D. 17 gam

Gii: Chn B

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P1: 10g145

OO 0,19 ( 45).0,19 1019OH

RC H n R R

P2:2 5 2 5 2 5 2

0, 2 : OO OOC H OH n RC H C H OH RC C H H O

0,19.0,9 0,171

meste= 0,171.145

7319

=13,788 (gam)

Cu 24:Khi trung ha 2,8 gam cht bo cn 3 ml KOH 0,1M. Ch s axit ca cht bo l:A. 4,5 B. 6 C. 7,5 D. 8

Gii: Chn B

Ch s axit =3.0,1.56

62,8

Cu 25: Thy phn este A c cng thc phn t C4H8O2(c mt H2SO4 long) thu c hai sn phmhu c X, Y (ch cha cc nguyn t C, H, O). T X c th iu ch trc tip Y bng mt phn ng duynht. Tn gi ca X l:

A. Axit axetic B. Axit fomic C. Ancol etylic D. EtylaxetatGii: Chn C

A X + Y , X Y chng t s C X v Y bng nhau.CH3COOC2H5+ H2O CH3COOH + C2H5OH

C2H2OH + O2 CH3COOH + H2O

Cu 26: phn bit cc dung dch: glixerol (glixerin), glucoz, lng trng trng ta ch cn dng:A. AgNO3/NH3 B. Cu(OH)2/OH

-,to C. nc brom D. Tt c u saiGii: Chn B

Cu(OH)2, to: - Glixerol to dung dch xanh,

- Glucoz to dung dch xanh lam m v kt ta gch- Lng trng trng to dung dch tm

Cu 27: Cho dung dch cha cc cht sau: C6H5-NH2 (C6H5 l vng benzen) (X1); CH3-NH2 (X2);H2N-CH2-COOH (X3); HOOC-CH2-CH2-CHNH2-COOH (X4); H2N-(CH2)4-CHNH2-COOH (X5). Nhngdung dch lm qu tm ha xanh l:

A. X1; X2; X5 B. X2; X3; X4 C. X2; X5 D. X3; X4; X5Gii: Chn C

Ch X2, X5c tnh baz. X2l amin, cn X5l amino axit nhng c s nhm NH2nhiu hn nhmCOOH

Cu 28:Mun phn bit du nht bi trn my vi du thc vt, cch lm sao y l ng?A. Ha tan vo nc, cht no nh ni trn b mt l du thc vtB. Cht no tan trong dung dch HCl l du nhtC. un vi dung dch NaOH, ngui, cho hn hp thu c tc dng vi Cu(OH) 2thy chuyn sang

dung dch mu xanh lam thm l du thc vtD. un vi dung dch CuSO4thy chuyn sang dung dch mu xanh lam thm l du thc vt

Gii: Chn C

men gim

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Cu 29: Chn cu ngtrong cc cu sau:A. Xenluloz v tinh bt c phn t khi nhB. Xenluloz c phn t khi nh hn tinh btC. Xenluloz v tinh bt c phn t khi bng nhau

D. Xenluloz v tinh bt u c phn t khi rt ln, nhng thng thng phn t khi ca xenlulozln hn nhiu so vi tinh bt

Gii: Chn D

Cu 30:Khi ln men 1 tn ng cha 65% tinh bt th khi lng ancol etylic thu c bao nhiu (trongcc s cho di y)? Bit hiu sut phn ng ln men t 80%

A. 290kg B. 295,3kg C. 300kg D. 350kg

Gii: Chn BC6H10O5 2C2H5OH + 2CO21000.0,65.0,8

162 6,42 mol

6,42.46 295,3m kg

Cu 31: Cho s : C6H6(benzen) C6H5-X meta X-C6H4-Y. Cc nhm X, Y ph hp vi s trnl:

A. X(-NO2), Y(-CH3) B. X(-CH3), Y(-NO2)C. X(-NH2), Y (-CH3) D. C A, C

Gii:Chn ANhm NO2l nhm nh hng th meta n nh hng cho nhm th mi vo v tr metaCn nhm CH3v nhm NH2l nhm nh hng ortho v para nn khng tha mn nh hng th vo v tr meta th NO2phi th trc.

Cu 32:Mt bnh kn dung tch khng i cha hn hp kh cng th tch N2v H2 0C, 10 atm. Sau khitin hnh tng hp NH3a nhit bnh v 0C, p sut trong bnh l 9 atm. Hiu sut phn ng tnghp NH3l:

A. 10% B. 25% C. 20% D. 30%Gii: Chn D

Gi s c 10 ml hn hp 2

2

5 :

5 :

ml N

ml H

ss s s

10 109

9t tP n n mol

P n n

N2+ 3H2 2NH3pt: 1 mol N2+ 3 mol H2 2 mol NH3. S mol (1 + 3) - 2 = 2 molbi: 0,5 mol N2 1,5 mol H2 1 mol NH3. S mol 10 - 9 = 1 molHiu sut tnh theo H2

2

2

( )

( d )

15100% 100% 30%

5H pu

H b

nH

n

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Cu 33: xc nh hm lng cacbon trong mt mu thp, ngi ta phi t mu thp trong oxi d vxc nh lng CO2to thnh. Hy xc nh hm lng cacbon c trong mu X, bit rng khi t 10 gamX trong oxi d dn ton b sn phm qua nc vi trong d th thu c 0,5 gam kt ta.

A. 6% B. 0,6% C. 5% D. 0,5%Gii:Chn B

C CO2 CaCO3

0,005 0,0050,005.12% .100 0,6%

10Cm

Cu 34: C mt loi qung pirit cha 86,4% FeS2. Nu mi ngy nh my sn xut 100 tn H2SO498%th qung pirit trn cn dng bao nhiu?

A. 69,44 tn B. 68,44 tn C. 67,44 tn D. 70,44 tnGii: Chn A

2 4

98.1001

98.100H SOn

FeS2 2H2SO4.0,864120

m 2 .0,864120

m =1 m = 69,44 tn

Cu 35: Cho 1,74 gam anehit oxalic tc dng va vi dung dch AgNO3trong NH3to ra m gam bckt ta. Gi tr m l:

A. 6,48 gam B. 12,96 gam C. 19,62 gam D. Kt qu khcGii: Chn B

2( )0,03 4.0,03 0,12 0,12.108 12,96 CHO Ag Ag n n m gam

Cu 36:Mt hp cht hu c A n cht, tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3to ra Ag kt ta,

cng Br2theo t l mol 1:1. Hiro ha hon ton A thu c 1,2 gam B, lng B ny khi tc dng vi Nad cho ra 0,224 lt H2(ktc). Cng thc cu to ca A v B l:A. (A): H-CHO, (B): CH2OHB. (A): CH2=CH-CH2-CHO, (B): CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2OHC. (A): CH2=CH-CHO, (B): CH3-CH2-CH2(OH)D. (A): CH2=C=CH-CHO, (B): CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2OH

Gii:Chn CRCHO ROH H2

0,02 0,01

3 7 3 7( 17).0,02 1,2 43( )R R C H C H OH ch c C tha mn.

Cu 37:Hp cht hu c A c cng thc phn t C5H12O. S ng phn ca A tc dng vi Kali l:A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8

Gii: Chn DS ng phn phn ng vi Kali l ng phn ancol: C5H11OH

Cu 38: Cho hn hp gm 2 gam Fe v 3 gam Cu vo dung dch HNO 3thy thot ra 0,448 lt NO (ktc).Khi lng mui thu c trong dung dch (bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton) l:

A. 1 gam B. 6 gam C. 5,4 gam D. 5 gamGii: Chn C

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nFe=0,0357 Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)2+ NO + 2H2OnCu= 0,047 0,02 0,02 0,02nNO= 0,02 Fe + 2Fe(NO3)3 3Fe(NO3)2

0,01 0,02 0,03 Fe cn d Cu cha phn ng ch cha mui Fe2+

3 2( )0, 3.180 5, 4 Fe NOm m gam

Cu 39: Hai Hirocacbon A v B c cng thc phn t C6H6 v c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh.A lm mt mu dung dch brom v dung dch thuc tm iu kin thng. B khng phn ng vi haidung dch trn. A tc dng vi dung dch bc nitrat trong amoni to thnh kt ta D c cng thc phn tC6H4Ag2. Cng thc cu to ca A, B ln lt l:

A. CH C-CH2-CH2-C CH, benzen B. CH C-CH(CH3)-C CH, benzenC. CH C-CH2-CH=C=CH2, benzen D. benzen, CH C-CH=CH-CH=CH2

Gii: Chn AV D c CT C6H4Ag2 A phi c 2 lin kt 3 u mchA khng phn nhnh ch c p n A tha mn.

Cu 40:Hirocacbon M c cng thc phn t C8H10, khng lm mt mu dung dch brom. Khi un nngM vi dung dch thuc tm to thnh C7H5KO2(N). Cho N tc dng vi dung dch axit HCl to thnh hpcht C7H6O2. M c tn gi no sau y?

A. 1,2-imetylbenzen B. 1,3-imetylbenzenC. etylbenzen D. 1,4-imetylbenzen

Gii: Chn C

C6H5CH2CH3 4, oKMnO t C6H5COOK

H C6H5COOH

3C6H5CH2CH3 + 10KMnO4 3C6H5COOK + 3HCOOK + 4KOH + 10MnO2 + 4H2O

C6H5COOK + HCl C6H5COOH + KCl

Phn I: Phn chng trnh chunCu 41: Cho hn hp X gm Al, Fe, Cu. Ly 9,94 gam X ha tan trong lng d HNO3long th thot ra3,584 lt NO (ktc). Tng khi lng mui khan to thnh l:

A. 39,7 gam B. 29,7 gam C. 39,3 gam D. Mt kt qu khcGii: Chn A

mmui= mKL+ 62. ne= 9,94 + 62.3.0,16=39,7g

Cu 42:Ha tan hon ton 21,1 gam hn hp gm FeCl2v NaF (c t l mol 1: 2) vo mt lng nc(d), thu c dung dch X. Cho dung dch AgNO3(d) vo X, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton sinh ra

m gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m l :A. 39,5 gam B. 28,7 gam C. 57,9 gam D. 68,7 gamGii : Chn A

21,1 (g) hh 20,1 : e

0,2 : aF

mol F Cl

mol N

dd X

2+

-

-

0,2 :

0,1 : e

0,2 mol : Cl

0,2 mol : F

mol Na

mol F

t0C

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Fe2++ Ag+ Fe3++ Agmol 0,1 0,1

Ag++ Cl- AgClmol 0,2 0,2m = mAg+ mAgCl= 108.0,1 + 143,5.0,2 = 39,5 gam

Cu 43: Cho H2S ti d vo 500 ml dung dch hn hp ZnCl21M v CuCl22M sau phn ng khi lngkt ta thu cA. 193 gam B. 144,5 gam C. 48,5 gam D. 96 gam

Gii: Chn D

2Z0,5nCln mol

21CuCln mol

H2S ch phn ng vi CuCl2 to kt taH2S + CuCl2 CuS + 2HCl

1 mol1 molmCuS= 96.1 = 96 (gam)

Cu 44:X l este ca etanol vi axit no n chc. Ly 0,05 mol X cho vo 100 gam dung dch NaOH 4%ri un nng ti kh c cn P. t chy hon ton P thy thot ra 7,1 gam hn hp (CO 2v hi nc).X l:

A. Etyl propionat B. Etyl axetatC. Etyl butirat D. Etyl panmitat

Gii: Chn B

2 1

2 1 2 5

0,1 :0,05

: 0,05 : 0,05NaOH n n

n n

n C H COONacrP

C H COOC H NaOHdu

CnH2n+1COONa2

2 2 2 3

1 2 1 1

2 2 2

otO

nn CO H O Na CO

0,05 1

2n

.0,05

1

2n

.0,05

CO2+ 2NaOHot Na2CO3+ H2O

0,025 0,05 0,025

2 2

1 1.0,05 0,025 .44 .0,05 0,025 7,1

2 2CO H Om m n n g

2 5 2 52n C H COOC H

Cu 45:Ha tan hon ton y gam mt oxit st bng H2SO4c, nng thy thot ra kh SO2 (sn phmkh duy nht). Trong th nghim khc, sau khi kh hon ton cng y gam oxit trn bng CO nhit cao ri ha tan lng st to thnh bng H2SO4c, nng th thu c lng kh SO2nhiu gp 9 lnlng kh SO2 th nghim trn. Xc nh cng thc oxit st?

A. Khng d liu xc nh B. Fe2O3C. Fe3O4 D. FeO

Gii: Chn COxit st tc dng vi H2SO4c nng SO2(ch c FeO v Fe3O4) (loi p s A v B)

Ta nhn thy2SO

n (lc sau) = 92SO

n (lc u)

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Vy tc l kim loi phn ng vi H2SO4c nng cho s mol e gp 9 ln s mol e do axit phn ng viH2SO4c nng.Nu 1 mol FeO phn ng vi H2SO4cho 1 mol eNu 1 mol FeO phn ng vi CO cho 1 mol Fe v 1 mol Fe phn ng vi H2SO4c nng cho 3 mol eVy ch gp 3 ln (loi p s D)Vy p s ng l C

Hc sinh t chng minh tng t vi Fe3O4

Cu 46: Sc ht 1,568 lt CO2(ktc) vo 500ml dung dch NaOH 0,16M. Sau th nghim c dd A. Rt250ml dung dch B gm BaCl20,16M + Ba(OH)2xM vo dung dch A, c 3,94 gam kt ta v dungdch. Nng xM ca Ba(OH)2bng:

A. 0,02M B. 0,025M C. 0,03M D. 0,015MGii: Chn A

2

0,080,07; 0,08 2

0,07CO NaOH n n KT

3

23

: 0,07 0,06

2 0,08 0,01:

HNO x x y x

x y yCO y

HCO3-+ OH- CO3

2-+ H2O0,5x 0,5x

22 3

( )2 0,5 ; 0,02 0,01 0,5 0,02 0,02Ba OHOH COn n x n n x x

Cu 47:Ancol etylic c nhit si cao hn hn so vi cc anehit v dn xut halogen c khi lngphn t xp x vi n v trong cc hp cht nu :

A. ch c ancol etylic cho phn ng vi natriB. ch c ancol etylic to c lin kt hyro vi ncC. ch c ancol etylic c kh nng loi nc to olefin

D. ch c ancol etylic c lin kt hyro lin phn t.Gii: Chn D

Cu 48:Hn hp X gm hai hirocacbon A, B thuc loi ankan, ankin. t chy hon ton 6,72 lt (ktc)kh X c khi lng l m gam, v cho tt c sn phm chy hp th hon ton vo bnh ng nc vitrong d, thy khi lng bnh tng thm 46,5 gam v c 75 gam kt ta. Nu t l khi lng ca A v Bl 12: 13, th gi tr m l:

A. 10 gam B. 9,5 gam C. 10,5 gam D. 11 gamGii: Chn C

2 2tan46,5g CO H Om m m

2 230,75 0,75 10,5CO H O C H CaCOn n n m m m

Cu 49:Khi cho Buta-1,3-ien thc hin phn ng cng vi HCl theo t l s mol 1:1 th thu c baonhiu dn xut cha clo (k c ng phn hnh hc):

A. 1 B. 4 C. 3 D. 2Gii: Chn B

Cu 50: T l th tch CO2v hi nc k hiu l T (2 2O

:CO HV V T ) bin i trong khong no khi t

chy cc ancol no, n chc.

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A. 0,5 1T B. 1 1,5T C. 0,5 2T D. 1 < T < 2Gii:Chn A

CnH2n+2O nCO2+ (n+1)H2O

2

21

CO

H O

V nT

V n

N=1 T= 0,5 N T 10,5 1T

Phn II: Phn chng trnh nng caoCu 51: t chy hon ton m gam mt hirocacbon th kh, nng hn khng kh, mch h thu c3,584 lt kh CO2(ktc). Sc m gam hirocacbon ny vo nc brom d, sau khi phn ng xy ra honton thy cho 25,6 gam brom tham gia phn ng. Gi tr ca m (gam) l:

A. 2 B. 4 C. 10 D. 2,08Gii: Chn A

2

3,584

0,1622,4COn mol

; 225,6

0,16160Brn mol

t CTPT ca hirocacbon l CnH2n+2-2a

CnH2n+2-2a +3 1

2

n a

O2 nCO2+ (n + 1 a )H2O

x n.xCnH2n+2-2a+ aBr2 CnH2n+2-2aBr2a

x axTheo bi ra: n.x = 0,16 v a.x = 0,16 a = n hirocacbon c CTPT dng CnH2

V hirocacbon th kh nn 4n v nng hn khng kh nn 3n n = 3 hoc n = 4+ Nu n = 3 C3H2(khng c cu to tha mn)+ Nu n = 4 C4H2(mch h): HC C-C CHSuy ra: x = 0,04 (mol) m = 0,04.50 = 2 gam.

Cu 52: Cho cc cht: Eten, etyl clorua, glucoz, anehit axetic, natri etylat, ietyl oxalate. S cht chdng 1 phn ng iu ch c ru etylic l:

A. 6 B. 2 C. 5 D. 4Gii: Chn A

PTP iu ch C2H5OH (ch dng 1 ptp) t cc cht cho:

+ C2H4+ H2O H

CH3CH2OH+ C2H5Cl + NaOH C2H5OH + NaCl+ C6H12O6(glucoz)

enzim 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

+ CH3CHO + H2, oNi t CH3CH2OH

+ C2H5ONa + H2O C2H5OH + NaOH+ C2H5OOC-COOC2H5+ 2NaOH 2C2H5OH + NaOOC-COONaTt c cc cht u iu ch c.

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Cu 53: Cho cc cht: Al, Fe, dung dch AgNO3, dung dch NaOH ln lt tc dng vi nhau tng imt. S phn ng oxi ha kh nhiu nht c th xy ra l:

A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6Gii: Chn B

Cc PTP xy ra (cc cht tc dng vi nhau tng i mt)1) Al + 3AgNO3 Al(NO3)3+ 3Ag

2) Fe + 2AgNO3 Fe(NO3)2+ 2Ag3) Fe(NO3)2+ AgNO3 Fe(NO3)3+ Ag4) Al + NaOH + H2O NaAlO2+ 3/2H25) 2AgNO3+ 2NaOH Ag2O + 2NaNO3+ H2OTa thy 1, 2, 3, 4 l phn ng oxi ha-kh (5) khng phi l phn ng oxi ha-kh

Cu 54: Cracking butan thu c hn hp ch gm 5 hirocacbon c t khi so vi H2bng 18,125. Hiusut phn ng cracking l:

A. 40% B. 20% C. 80% D. 60%Gii: Chn D

Cc PTP xy ra khi crackinh C4H10:

C4H10 CH4+ C3H6C4H10 C2H5+ C2H4Sau phn ng thu c 5 hi rocacbon (CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6v C4H10d)

Theo bi ra:2/

18,125 18,125.2 36, 25hhhh Hd M

Gi thit ban u c a mol C4H10(khi lng l 58.a gam)V khi lng trc v sau phn ng khng i nnmhh (sau phn ng)= 58.a (gam)

58.1,6. ( )

36,25hh

hhhh

m an a mol

M

V s mol C4H10phn ng bng s mol hn hp tng sau phn ng, do :

4 10 ( ) 1,6. 0,6. ( )C H pun a a a mol

Vy hiu sut phn ng: ( )

( )

0,6.(%) .100% .100% 60%pu

bd

n aH

n a

Cu 55: Tnh cht vt l ca cc kim loi nhm IIA bin thin khng u n vA. chng c bn knh nguyn t khc nhauB. chng c in tch ht nhn khc nhauC. chng c kiu mng tinh th khc nhauD. chng c s lp electron khc nhau

Gii: Chn C

Tnh cht vt l ca cc kim loi nhm IIA bin i khng c quy lut v n cht ca chng c kiumng tinh th khc nhau:VD: Be, Mg: Mng tinh th lc phng

Ca, Sr: Mng tinh th lp phng tm dinBa: Mng tinh th lp phng tm khi

Cu 56:Hn hp A gm C3H4, C3H6, C3H8c t khi hi so vi H2bng 21. t chy hon ton 1,12 lthn hp A (ktc), ri dn ton b sn phm chy vo bnh ng nc vi trong d. tng khi lngca bnh ng nc vi trong l:

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A. 9,3 gam B. 10,6 gam C. 14,6 gam D. 12,7 gamGii: Chn A

Ta c:2/

21 21.2 42AA Hd M

Gi x, y, z ln lt l s mol ca C3H4, C3H6v C3H8c trong 1,12 lt hn hp A. Theo bi ra: x + y + z =1,12/22,4 = 0,05 (mol)

Mt khc:40. 42. 44.

42Ax y z

M x y z

40. 42. 44. 42. 42. 42.y z x y z 2. 2.z x x z

PTP t chy:C3H4 2

O 3CO2+ 2H2Ox 3x 2xC3H6 2

O 3CO2+ 3H2Oy 3y 3yC3H83 2

O 3CO2+ 4H2Oz 3z 4z

Cc sn phm chy CO2, H2O b hp th hon ton vo nc vi trong d. Do , tng khi lng cabnh bng tng khi lng ca CO2v H2O

2 2CO H Om m m

= 3x + 3y + 3z).44 + 2x + 3y + 4z).18= 3.44(x + y + z) + 18.3 (x+ y + z)(V x = z nn 2x + 4z = 3x + 3z)= 3. (44+ 18). 0,05 (v x + y + z = 0,05) = 9,3 gam

Cu 57: Trong ha hc v c, phn ng ha hc lun l phn ng oxi ha kh l:A. phn ng ha hp B. phn ng trao i

C. phn ng phn hy D. phn ng thGii: Chn DXt cc loi phn ng:A. Phn ng ha hp

CaO + CO2 CaCO3; Khng phi phn ng oxi ha khB. Phn ng trao i

AgNO3+ NaCl AgCl + NaNO3; Khng phi phn ng oxi ha khC. Phn ng phn hy:

CaCO3 CaO + CO2: Khng phi phn ng oxi ha khD. Phn ng th :

Zn + 2AgNO3 Zn(NO3)2+ 2Ag lun l phn ng oxi ha kh

Ch : Trong ha hc v c:- Phn ng ha hp, phn ng phn hy c th l phn ng oxi ha kh, c th khng phi l phnng oxi ha kh

- Phn ng trao i lun khng phil phn ng oxi ha kh- Phn ng th lun lphn ng oxi ha khCu 58:Nguyn t clo khngc kh nng th hin s oxi ha

A. 0 B. +3 C. +1 D. +2Gii: Chn D

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Cu hnh electron nguyn t clo trng thi c bn (trng thi c nng lng thp nht) v trngthi kch thch.Do trong cc hp cht nguyn t clo c kh nng th hin cc oxi ha l : -1, +1, +3, +5, +7Khng c kh nng th hin cc s oxi ha chn (+2, +4)

Cu 59: C th lm kh kh NH3bng

A. H2SO4c B. P2O5 C. CaO D. CuSO4khanGii: p n CNguyn tc lm kh cht kh:+ Dng cht ht m mnh (cht lm kh)+ Cht lm kh khng phn ng vi cht cn lm kh.Ta thy:- H2SO4c, P2O5, CaO, CuSO4khan u l cht hc m mnh dng lm cht lm kh- NH3c tnh baz, c tnh kh v c kh nng to phc nn khng th dng c tnh axit (axit, oxit axit)

c tnh oxi ha, to phc vi NH3 lm cht lm kh loi H2SO4c, P2O5, CuSO4khan;V: 3H2SO4c + 2NH3 N2+ 3SO2+ 6H2O

P2O5+ 6NH3+ 3H2O 2(NH4)3PO4

CuSO4+ 6NH3+ 2H2O [Cu(NH3)4](OH)2+ (NH4)2SO4CaO c th dng lm kh kh NH3.

Cu 60: C bao nhiu ancol c cng cng thc phn t C4H10O?A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

Gii: p n CS lin kt (pi) + vng ( bt bo ha ca hp cht hu c) ca

Ancol l: n+v=2.4 2 10

02

ancol no, n chc, mch h. Cc ancol l:

CH3CH2CH2CH2OH (CH3)2CHCH2OH (CH3)2C(OH)CH3 CH3-CH(OH)-CH2CH3Butan-1-ol 2-metylpropan-ol 2-metylpropan-2-ol butan-2-ol

Ch : bt bo ha ca hp cht hu c (tr mui amoni, mui ca amoni vi axit hu c) dng:

CxHyOzNtClkc tnh theo cng thc:

n + v =2. 2

2

x y t k