Hvor kritisk er innholdet av omega-3 hos oss mennesker?

Livar FrøylandForskningsdirektør

NIFES

8. Maring FagDag 29. november 2012

1

Marine omega-3

Phytoplankton

Seafood

Plant omega-3

EPA and DHA ALA (alpha-linolenic acid)

Omega-3 from sea and land

Documented health effects – cardiovascular diseases

Essential, through diet

Dietary intake of plant omega-3 (ALA) versus marine omega-3 (EPA & DHA)?

ALAEPA & DHA

Marine omega-3

Phytoplankton

Seafood

Plant omega-3

EPA and DHA ALA (alpha-linolenic acid)

Omega-3 from sea and land

Low conversion rate

Dietary intake of marine omega-6 versus omega-3 (particularly EPA + DHA?

Omega-6EPA & DHA

Background diet

Marine omega-3

Phytoplankton

Seafood

Plant omega-3

EPA and DHA ALA (alpha-linolenic acid)

Omega-3 from sea and land

Very low, competition with omega-6

Recommendations omega-3 fatty acids

VKM (2011)

Omega-6EPA & DHA

Background diet

Soy oil production for food consumptionUSA, 1909-1999

Year

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 20000

5

10

15

20

25

30

0.02 lbs/pers/year-1909

Soy

Oil

Prod

uctio

n (lb

s/pe

rs/y

ear)

25.0 lbs/pers/year-1999

1,000 fold increase

Hibbelen, personal communication

62

64

66

68

70

72

74

76

78

1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

Tiss

ue 2

0:4n

-6+2

0:3n

-6

(% to

tal P

L H

UFA

)Estimated tissue availability of n-6 eicosanoid precursors,

(20:4n-6+20:3n-6, % PL-HUFA)Based on foods available for consumption in the U.S. 1909-1999

X = Actual tissuemeasures

X

X X

X

Hibbelen, personal communication

U.S. Diet Japanese Diet

COX 1-2 Aspirin

Other drugs>$ 10 Billion

PGE2 TXA2

ThrombosisGene

Expression

PGE3 TXA3

COX 1-2

PLA2

G

15 25 35 45 55 65 8575

200

150

100

50

0

% Omega-3 in tissue HUFA

Car

diov

ascu

lar m

orta

lity

/100

,000

Cardiovascular deaths and Omega-3 in tissues

Hibbelen, personal communication

Recommendations omega-3 (only EPA and DHA) for primary prevention of coronary heart diseases

VKM (2011)

Recommendations omega-3 (only EPA and DHA) for primary prevention of coronary heart diseases

VKM (2011)

Recommendations omega-3 (only EPA and DHA) for primary prevention of coronary heart diseases

VKM (2011)

Hjerne• Bortsett fra fettvev, er det hjernen som

inneholder mest lipider (fett) i kroppen vår.

• Hvis vi tørker hjernen, er 50-60 % vekten lipider– Av dette er 35% umettede fettsyrer, og de fleste er

langkjedete slik som eikosapentaensyre (EPA) og dokosaheksaensyre (DHA)

• DHA er særlig viktig for utvikling og vekst av hjerne

Accumulation of DHA into the developing human brain

DHA accumulation into humanbrain

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500

50

100

150

200

250

300

N

Brain growth spurt

N = neuritogenesis

Post conceptual age (weeks)

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g to

tal c

ereb

ellu

m)

Bilde av “økt RAM”

Hibbeln, personal communication

Mental helse; hvordan er situasjonen i dag?

25% utvikler mentale lidelser elleradferdslidelser i løpet av livet.

>450 millioner lider av mentale, nevrologiske eller adferdsrelaterte lidelser på verdensbasis1

2

3

Depresjon

Demens (Alzheimer)

Schizofrenihttp://www.who.int/mental_health/en/

Pos

tpar

tum

dep

ress

ion

(EP

DS

) poi

nt p

reva

lenc

e (%

)

Hibbeln (2002) Journal of Affective Disorders, 69, 15-29

Intake of seafood

Post partum depression

Norway

High seafood intake – less depression

EPA & DHA?

Prevention (most people) versus treatment (patients)

• Prevention, 0.25-0.5 g EPA+DHA/d

• Treatment, 1-4 g EPA+DHA/d (medicine)

• Health claims, 2-4 g EPA+DHA/d (”medicine”)

• What about prevention?

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