hymd,kh ;yjqre l< zf;dr;=re oek.eksfï whs;shz · f;dr;=re whs;sh hymd,k ixl,amh cd;hka;rj ms

zz NdIKfha yd mldYkfha ksoyi r|d mjskafka rg jeisfhl=g

lt= iyosk sew kakjhsl adyf kakhs alhof uEkacute seuel du

muKla o ke uyckhdg ukag wjYH fohla weiSug fyda

lhdoqg=i hodjakdcm Sjm aift o lt= iyosk sew guugraveehsl

aku agdiskntilde Hkdudi iumlk akfakj luadhsl if wdKavqfotilde hiuml

fldgila bgq lrk nj yeOtildeShd hq=h mcdkajdsect iudchl uQsl

zz akfakj alhkusk mdkfha moku mdshdfa leueaZZ

hkakhs mdshdfa leuea ksoyfia leuea uacuteh hq= wr ta

i|yd mudKja fdr=re nd ekSula sigraveh hq=h uacutefYaIfhka

uacuteuacuteO jQa udfrac34hk dn er=rdf ut akrfqiew odjuacute odj akfa

yels uacuteh hq=h bd jeoa lreK jkafka mldYkfha ksoyi

Sodjakdcm ht jdkf alKum uIacuteeo alulaoej kdmYaof

luhla Nduacute ugraveu Wfoid ke=ju neszlig luhla ugraveuhZZ

ysgmq wuacuteksiqre tia Yfrac34jdkkao uyd uacuteiska llt mldYhls

mdshdfa leuea ksoyfia leuea uacuteh hq= wr ta i|yd mudKja fdr=re nd ekSula sigraveh hq=hs

rcfha mjDas fomdfrac34fiumlka=fotilde mldYkhla

fdr=rewhssh

hymdkh yjqre llt zfdr=re oekekSfiuml whsshZ

rcfha mjDas fomdfrac34fiumlka=fotildemldYkhla

ljr ksfrac34udKh - ixcSj fmadjvqfuu mldYkh zfkdntildefaZ fnod yeIacuteu i`oyd muKhs

ljr is=ju - wkafrac34cdfhka nda is=juls whsslre ksfrac34kdntildelhs

kQk hqfha fdr=re plusmnkekSu ntildeksidfa uQsl whssjdislula jYfhka cdHkarj msltsekSug laugrave sfnk wr ckdj fjkqfjka mdlhka uacuteiska bgqlrkq nk ldfrac34hhka msltsn|j ckdjg fdr=re ndsectfiuml lufotildeo rciufha mejes njg bsydih idlaIs orhs

tfya miqldSkj nhg mentildeKs mdlhska ckdjg fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml wjiadjka wysntilde llt fya=fjka ckdj mdlhska flfrka yumlria jk wdldrh o wm yumlgqfjuq wm ksfhdackh lrkakd jQ wdishdsl ldmfha rgja ishalau mdfya wmg fmr u rg jeishkag fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh kSHqkql+j ndsect we YS dxlslhska jk wmg fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml kSHdkql+ whssh yssntildejkafka ol=Kq wdishdkq ldmfha wjika rg jYfhks

rgl hymdkhla wes lsIacutefiuml mOdk ikaecirciadkhla jYfhka ielsh yels fdr=re fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml mk fk taug lshd llt rcfha kdhlhd fi lghq= lsIacuteug eicircu mssltsn|j buya i=gg mafjntilde

kSsfha wdecircmH udkj ysntildeliuml iqlSu ieug iudk whssjdisliuml N=las uacutepoundug wjiadj ndsectu wdsect jQ uacuteYaj mldYkhka ys we=lta udkj whssjdisliuml iuia YS xlslhska fjkqfjka yjqre llt hq= ldhl hymdkh fmrplusmnszlig lrfk 2015 ckjdIacute 8 jk Egravek furg nhg ma jQ rch uska fujka lfrac34jHhla bgq lsIacuteug yelsugraveu hymdk ixlamh ienE fi u wfrac34ja lsIacuteuls

ckdj uacuteiska fdard kq nk ksfhdaethhska fukau ma lrkq nk ksfhdaethhska o uka ma lrkq nk ckdj fjkqfjka fiajh bgq lsIacutefiumlsect jvda mdroDYH Ndjhlska lghq= lsIacuteug fuu mk uacuteiska fhduqlrk wr ta Tiafia ckdjfa mrudecircmH furg hlts yjqre llsIacuteug yelsugraveu ckdj enQ mcdkajdsect chyKhls

ffuSmd issszligfiak ckdecircms

YS xld mcddkasl iudcjdsect ckrch 2016 wfdaia= 18 jk Egravek

fdr=re whssh hymdk ixlamh ienE fi u wfrac34ja lsIacuteula


fdr=re plusmnkekSu lshkafka fiuml rfUuml ckdjg sfnk whsshla ckdjfa mrudecircmHfhka fldgila

wms mcdkajdoh lshd 19 jeks Y jfrac34Ifha neumlfotilde ukaSjrfhla fdarK whssh uacuterhs ta Pkao nh ek uacuterhs tfya 21 jeks Y jfrac34Ihg tk fldg mrudecircmH Bg jvd fjkia uQsl whssjdisliuml sfhkjd uQsl whssjdisliuml lshdaul lrkak rfUuml isyumljk ldrKd ek plusmnkekSfiuml whsshla sfnkak acutekE wkak tal uhs wo wms lshdaul lrkafka

fiuml mka flgqiumlm fakak oYlhlg jvd la shd mdfrac34sfiumlka=fotilde tod lrkak snqKq jev lghqa iiumlmQfrac34Kfhkau wvmK jqKd uacutefYaIfhka u ldrl iNd sfnk ksid ta iNdjska mqiquestjka uacuteYd jev fldgila lrkak

fdr=re plusmnkekSu wfma mcdkajdoh yjqre lsIacutefiuml jev fldgila mcdkajdoh ckdjg sfnk whsshla ckdjg lshdaul lrkakg sfnk whsshla wms ckdj tekska wEa lrkjd kiuml tal mcdkajdoh fkdfjhs rfUuml mdk hdkaKh ckdjg j lshkak acutekE

wdudH rksa uacuteluisxy uyd fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mka flgqiumlm msltsn|

mdfrac34sfiumlka= uacutejdoh wdriumlN lrntildeka llt ldfjka Wmqgd kakd os

2016 cQks 23

fdr=re plusmnkekSu wfma mcdkajdoh yjqre lsIacutefiuml jev fldgila

rcfha mjDas fomdfrac34fiumlka=j

ත ොරතර දැනගැනතේ අයතය පළබඳ පනත l=ugo කයලා සමහර අහනවා ත ොරතර දැනතගන කරනන පළවන තමොනවද කයලා අහන අයත ඉනනවා

තේ mYakවලට තදනන පළවන පළතර තබොතහොම irය ආණඩතවත rdcH තනොවන සංවධානවලත ආණඩව හා jHdපාර ගනතදන කරන තපෞදගලක සමාගේවලත ත ොරතර දැනගැනතේ අයතය වතේම ඒවාතේ lsයාකාරතවය ගැන mශන කරමටත තේ පන හරහා ජන ාවට අයතයක ලැතබනවා කයන එක මය මට කයනන තතයනතන

ගතේ ඉසපර ාතේ තබතහත නැතතත තමොන තහේතව නසා ද කයන එක සළ මදලක දලා ත ෝේ තකොළයක පරවලා ලබා ගැනතේ අයතය අතේ idudkH ජන ාවට තේ හරහා ලැතබනවා

ඒ වතේම ගතේ පාරට fldkalSට දමන තකොට ඒතක mමතය තමොකකද ntildeYKය තමොකකද දග පළල කයද අනමැතය දනතන තකොතහොමද ඒ සයේල පළබඳව දැන ගැනතේ අයතය අතේ idudkH ජන ාවට පවා ලැතබනවා

mdfrac34sfiumlka= msixialrK yd ckudOH wudH

hka lreKdsl uyd fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mka flgqiumlm msltsn| mdfrac34sfiumlka=

uacutejdofhasect llt ldfjka Wmqgd kakd os

2016 cQks 23

wdKavqfotilde lshdldIacuteajh mYak lsIacuteug ckdjg wjiadj ysntildefjkjd


fiuml mka flgqiumlm hdfrac34hla njg ma lr kak wfma wudHdxYfha faliuml=ud wsffrac34l faliuml rugravekaoslash ues=ud kSs wxYfha ksOdIacuteka we=iquest wudHdxYfha ldfrac34h uKavha mjDas fomdfrac34fiumlka=fotilde wdpdfrac34h rx lkaiQszligh ues=ud we=iquest lKavdhua odhl jqKd ta jfau re chiumlms uacutelurak ues=udfa iNdmSajfhka fyd| flgqiumlma lrk lKavdhula wmg ysaacutehd

ta jfau re fiajhla yeaacutehg bd uacuteYd ldfrac34h idOk nldhl uacutefYaI msszligila isuacutea iudc ixuacuteOdkj ksfhdaethhska yeaacutehg lafIa Kkdjla ksfhdackh lrntildeka wmsa tlal fiuml mka flgqiumlm ilia lrkak odhl jqKd

ta ishuml fokdgua ta jfau fiuml iiumlnkaOfhka ckudOH idlEacutePd mjajd sms shd u bEgraveszligma lrd fiumll bEgraveszlighg fk hd hq=hs lshd wmsj Egraveszligua lrmq ckudOH wdhj ishuml fokdgua wfma ia=sh fiuml fotildedfotildesect mqo lrkjd

mdfrac34sfiumlka= msixialrK yd ckudOH ksfhdacH wudH

lre mrKuacutedk uyd

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mka flgqiumlm msltsn| mdfrac34sfiumlka= uacutejdofhasect llt ldfjka Wmqgd kakd os

2016 cQks 24

fdr=re mk hdfrac34hla lr ekSug odhlajh yumlka ieug ia=sh mqo lrkjd


fiuml mka flgqiumlmska ckdjg isyumljk fiajh msltsn|j jpk lsysmhla ld llt hq=uhs WodyrKhla jYfhka bkaEgravehdj ek uu lshkakiuml bkaEgravehdj fiuml mk fydcentka lshdaul jk rgla

kjEgraveasfha iuyr mdrja Y=oaO lsIacuteug kshntilde fiajlhska fotildedjg tkafka keye fldEacutepr fgsfdaka lrd lsjqja tjkafka keye tu ksid Tjqka lrkafka fudllao fiuml mk hgfa RTI application tlla odkjd

myqjodg Tjqka fiajhg tkjd RTI application tlla plusmniumlug miafia ta wh Tjqkafka wykjd zzfiuml mdffrac34 fiajh lsIacuteug kshntildej isaacutefha ljqo ZZ lshd myqjodg Tjqka fiajhg tkjd

xldfjka WodyrKhla ksuq mdiajg ltuqka we=iquest lsIacuteu msltsn|j mYakjsect mqrjeishkag whsshla keyezzufa ltuhd afa keye kuqa wamq for ltuhd ad Tyq uga miqj mEgravexNtildehg wdfotilde tfyu jqfKa wehs ZZ lshd wykakg

kuqa fiuml mka flgqiumlm iiumlu jqKdg miafia tjeks ishuml fdr=re nd ekSug mqrjeishkag wjiadj efnkjd mqrjeishka nekafjkjd

fuu mka flgqiumlm iiumluugraveua iuu wdKavqlrKfha jvd fyd| uacuteksuacuteoNdjhla wes fjkjd mcdkajdoh Ylasua fjkjd mqrjeishka ndaul fjkjd

mdfrac34sfiumlka= ukaS

wdpdfrac34h chiumlms uacutelurak uyd fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mka flgqiumlm msltsn| mdfrac34sfiumlka=


2016 cQks 24

wdKavqlrKfha jvd fyd| uacuteksuacuteoNdjhla wes fjkjd


ත ොරතර දැනගැනතේ පන 2016 ජන 24 වනදා පාරලතේනතතේ ඒකචඡනදතෙන සේම වමත සමග YS ලංකාව ඉතහාසතේ කඩඉමක පස කළා

rdcH පාලනෙ ගැන ත ොරතර ඉලලd එෙ ලබා ගැනතේ අයතෙ පරවැස අපට ලැතබනතන අතේ දග ඉතහාසතේ පළමවැන ව ාවටය රජවරන අතේ රට පාලනෙ කළ කාලතේ තහෝ ෙටත වජ පාලන සමතේ තහෝ නදහසන පසව තහෝ රතේ කසද පරපාලන ත ොරතරක ඉලලතේ අයතෙ ජන ාවට තබතේ නැහැ

තලෝකතේ මලම ත ොරතර නතෙ සේම වතේ සවඩනතේ 1766ද එයන වසර 250ක සපතරන 2016ද YS ලංකාතේ ත ොරතර නතෙ සේම වම හරහා පමා ව තහෝ අප ද ශෂට තලෝක සමාජෙට එක කරනවා අනධකාරතේ දග කලක සට සමහරනට එම තතවතෙහ තදොසක තනොතපතනනවා ඇත ඔවනතේ mතතරෝධෙ මැද ලක සමාජෙ 21 වන සෙවසට රැතගන එනනට mගතශල ටක තදනකට හැක වම තක රේ අපරද

නමත ත ොරතර නතෙක සේම කර ගැනම ෙහපාලනතේ එක පෙවරක පමණය රටක ත ොරතර නතෙ සාරථක වනතන එයන පරවැසෙන වැඩ ගනනා පමණටය ආතේග අනමාන ඇදහල හා l=ukaණවාද mබනධ ම පදනේ ව නගමනවලට එළඹමට හරව සටන අතේ සමාජෙ ත ොරතර සාකෂ හා හරවත uacuteහෙන හරහා ඉදරෙට තගන ොතේ දැවැන අභතෙෝගෙ අප හමතේ තතබනවා

kdl =Kjfrac34Ok uyd uacuteoHd faLl yd udOH mfrac34fhaIl

fdr=re kSsh iiumluugraveu bsydifha lvbula

rcfha mjDas fomdfrac34fiumlkaa=j msgqj 1

fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssjdislu mqrjeis chyKhla ugraveug kiuml

oYl follg wecircl ldhla mqrd

YS xldfotilde mqrjeishka fdr=re whssh Egravekd ekSug llt wrh

plusmnka chyKh lrd sfnkjd th mqrjeis whssjdisliuml Egravekd ekSfiuml wrfha iquacutefYaI chyKhla jkjd muKla fkdfjhs rdcH mdkh =lt yerjqiuml laIhla o

fjkjd

fuu whssjdislu Egravekd ekSug furg mqrjeishka ckudOHlrejka isuacutea iudc lshdldIacuteka fukau

foaYmdk kdhlhska lsysm fokl= o plusmnauml lemugraveula lltd fuu iquacutefYaI wjiadfotilde wm Tjqka ishuml fokdgu wmfa frjh mqo llt hq=hs tfukau plusmnauml lem lsIacuteiuml ueo Egravekda fuu whssh wjNduacute fkdlrk njg iyslhla o nd Egraveh hq=hs

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdislu Egravekd ekSu iiumlnkaOfhka fndfyda fokl= mlt llt woyia wr mOdk woyila fi wjOdrKh jqfKa fiuml whssh mqrjeishka uacuteiska wNHdi llt hq= Nduacute llt hq= tlla njhs rch

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh mqrjeis chyKhla ugraveug kiuml


mkjk kSs mka lshdaul lrjkafka rdcH ksOdIacuteka fmdSish wdEgrave Rcqj rdcH hdkaKh iu iiumlnkaO wdhk fyda ksOdIacuteka jqja fdr=re whssh lshdaul llt hqafa mqrjeishka Tjqka uacuteiska rdcH i= fdr=re bad isaacutentildeka fuu kSsh wNHdi llt hq=hs tlS fdr=re mcdkajdoh ksoyi nyqajjdoh iudc mukh i|yd jlSfuka hq=j Nduacute llt hq=hs

fiuml iu rdcH mszligmdk hdkaKhg o iquacutefYaI ldfrac34hNdrhla fukau jugraveula o mejfrkjd Tjqka uacuteiska o ckdj i= fdr=re

whssh wNHdi lsIacuteug wkqnh Egravehhq=hs

Tjqka ffOfrac34hua lrntildeka myiqlrKh iemhsh hq=hs rdcH fdr=re hkq yuia fmUumlaacutefha ndfk iqrlaIs llt hq= uyd iiumlmla fkdj hymdkh mcdkajdoh jeks jaacutekdliuml i|yd wHjYH ilSh fujula nj Tjqka ksr wjOdrKh lr hq=hs

hymdkh iysl lrntildeka Egravekda fuu whssjdislu frjKSh wdldrfhka Nduacute lsIacuteu uska YS xldj jvda hyma rdcHhla lsIacuteug yelsjkq wes nj wm ishuml

fokdfa wfmalaIdjhs

WmfoaYlajh (

wdpdfrac34h rx lkaiQszligh wOHlaI ckrda


kSs ca shk wdrEacuteNtilde kdl =Kjfrac34Ok

ohd xldmqr

ixialrKh =Ida uacutedkfa

ldgQka iy PdhdrEm (

wkafrac34cdh weiqszligKs


zzfdr=re plusmnk ekSug wes whsshZZ Right To Information jfrac34udk fdalfha jvdau wjodkhg laj wes hymdk yd mcdkajdsect uQOfrac34uhla jYfhkqhs ieflkafka talg fya=j jkafka fdr=re plusmnk ekSug wes whssh ckd mrudecircmH u mokiuml jQ acutekEu kQk mcdkajdsect rdcHhl mdkfha flakaoslashSh wxhla jYfhka ielSuhs

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zz rdcH mdkh msltsn|j jk ishuml fdr=re uyckhdg fylts lsIacuteu iy ta uacuteiar ek ukd fia plusmnkqja lsIacuteu mcdkajdofha uQsl yrhZZ jYfhka Tjqka uacuteiska olajd sfnkjd ta wkqj fdr=re nd ekSug wes mqrjeis whssh ndOd lsIacuteiuml jska fdrj mEk yeisrugravefiuml udOH ksoyi yd mdk lghq=j mdroDYHNdjh mcdkajdsect ck iudchla =lt wksjdfrac34hfhka mejesh hq= nj msltsekSug laj sfnkjd

wfYdal wecircrdcHhdfa ftsydisl odhdoh

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh ngysrg muKla fkdfjhs fmrEgravega ^ bkaEgravehdj amp ysntildejk nj fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssjdislu iiumlnkaOfhka zrdjhZ mqjamg ^

wdfYdal wecircrdcHhdfa rdcH mdkfha tla msltsfjla jQfha rfUuml msmas yd kSsIacutes fmdyuml ckdjg mldY lsIacuteug

misoaO iadkj fiasms a ^ wfYdal iaiumlN kntildeka mlg amp l=iquestKq bEgravelsIacuteuhs ishjia 23 lg miqja ta iaiumlN ila

jua bsszlig ugrave sfnkjd fiumljd wOHhkh llt mqrduacuteoHdhska fidhd

afa tajdfha NdIdj mltdfka mltdg fjkia jk njhs


20060626$ msgq 06amp smshla shntildeka kdl =Kjfrac34Ok uyd i|yka lrkjd kdl =Kjfrac34Ok uyd fuu smsh uska meyeEgraves lrkafka uyckhdfa fdr=re whssh bkaEgravehdj mdkh llt fYaIaGu wecircrdcHfhla jk zwfYdal wecircrdcHhdZfa ^lsmq 03 jeks ishjiamp ftsydisl odhdohla jYfhka ielsh yels njhs

fiuml iiumlnkaO ja yecentkaugraveulg wkqj zzmcdkajdofha Ocircj jdhqj jkafka fdr=rehs ta wkqj uy ckdjg fdr=re plusmnkekSug wes whssh yjqre lsIacuteu mcdkajdEgrave rgl uQsl laIKhla jYfhka ieflkjd ZZ tfya mcdkajdoha tys jkasa snQ muKska zzfdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh ZZ ysntildejkafka keye th ntildeksid i= fiiq whssjdisliuml fiau Egravekd hq= whsshla jYfhka ieflkjd

kdl =Kjfrac34Ok uyd ish smsfha fufia i|yka lrkjd zzfdr=re whsshZ msltsn| ixlamh kQk hqfha u=j wdfha hqfrdamfha 18-19 jk ishjiaj isyuml jQ foaYmdk yd odfrac34Yksl msigravesectu ksihs fmdyuml wjldYh ^ Public Space ) yd fmdyuml ckhdg rdcH mdkh ek uacuteufrac34Ykhg wes whssh Public

access and scrutiny hk ixlamh wmg Wreu jQfha hqfrdamSh Ntildekakfhka

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wdfYdal wecircrdcHhdfa rdcH mdkfha tla msltsfjla jQfha rfUuml msmas yd kSsIacutes fmdyuml ckdjg mldY lsIacuteug misoaO iadkj fiasms a ^ wfYdal iaiumlN kntildeka mlg amp l=iquestKq bEgravelsIacuteuhs ishjia 23 lg miqja ta iaiumlN ila jua bsszlig ugrave sfnkjd fiumljd wOHhkh llt mqrduacuteoHdhska fidhd afa tajdfha NdIdj mltdfka mltdg fjkia jk njhs

zwecircrdcHhdfa rdcH iNdfotilde Nduacute jqfKa iiumlNdjH ixialD NdIdjhs tfya rg jeishkag fdr=re fok uacuteg thg iSud fkdugrave tla tla mltdfys jeaumlmqru Nduacute jk mdfoaYSh NdIdjska th mldYhg ma lrkakg riuml wfYdal wecircrdcHhd ielssua ugrave sfnkjd tEgravefkod mszligmdkuh fdr=re jg wurj wdiuml wr iyOcircjkh wdEgrave lreKq o fiuml fiasmsj yuq fjkjdZ hhs kdhla lshkjd

tfiau wl=re lshugravefiuml yelshdj triuml mps fkdjQ tl tu


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Tng fdr=re whssh ysntildejkafka Wmskauhs

ntildeksidg Ocircja ugraveug ch jdh wdydr wjYH jk wdldrhg iOcircugrave mcdkajdsect ck iudchl hymejeau i|yd fdr=re wHjYH fjkjd fiuml whssh fiiq uQsl whssjdisliuml jfau ntildeksidg Wmamasfhkau ysntilde jQ whsshla taa ntildeksid Wmskau enQ fiuml whssh ta wdldrfhka u msltskak wdKavqj iQodkiuml keye th ntildeksidfa uqau hqfha isg mejes aajhla

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taa fuh isyuml uacuteh hq= aajh fkdfjhs rdcH ksOdIacuteka fdr=re ksfrac34udKh lrkafka ckdjfa mfhdackh i|yd kiuml ckdj i= iiumlma WmfhdaS fldg fk kiuml tu fdr=re ckdjfka jix fkdllt hq=hs ta i|yd mfotildeYugraveug ckdjg wjiadj iid Egraveh hq=hs

zztaa fuh isyuml uacuteh hq= aajh fkdfjhs rdcH ksOdIacuteka fdr=re ksfrac34udKh lrkafka ckdjfa mfhdackh i|yd kiuml ckdj i= iiumlma WmfhdaS fldg fk kiuml tu fdr=re

ckdjfka jix fkdllt hq=hs ta i|yd mfotildeYugraveug ckdjg wjiadj iid Egraveh hq=hsZZ


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ishumlu ksoyia lshdldrliumlj Wr

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fdr=re hkq mcdkajdofha TlaIscka

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mcdkajdoh bd uacuteYsIag whqszligka lshdaul fjkjd

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bEgraveszligma lrntildeka ta 1966 cQs 04 jeksod Tyq fufia i|yka lltd

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fdr=re whssh hkq fjflt| NdKavhla fkdfotilde

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th ufrac34Okhg iy yenIKhg tfrysj wes mOdk

wdrlaIKhhs

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iy tys hqlasiy Ndjh fmkakqiuml lsIacuteuhs th ufrac34okhg iy yenIKhg tfrysj wes mOdk wdrlaIKhhsZ

ckdjg wdKavqfotilde lshdldIacuteajh mIacutelaId lsIacuteug

wjiadj efnkjd

fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh zzmldYk ksoyfiaZZ tla wxhla muKhs

fkdfna HddNS bkaEgraveh cdsl wdfrac34Oacutel uacuteoHd wdufrac34Hd fikag wkqj zzmcdkajdoh mokiuml lrfk iy thg iudkarj ksoyia udOHla wes lsisdivide rgla yumlfrac34NSlaIhg fdyumlreugrave ke fdr=re nd ekSfiuml ksoyi wdKavqfotilde lshdldIacuteajh mIacutelaId lsIacuteug ckdjg wjiadj nd fohs tfukau tu lshdldIacuteajh msltsn|j plusmnkqiuml fok uacutejdofha moku o th jkafkahZ


oszligoslashdjh =rka lsIacuteu i|yd wjiadjla

tlaia cdSkafa ixuacuteOdkfha ysgmq uy faliumljrfhl= jk flds wkka uyd i|yka lrk wdldrhg fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh yumlmamalu =rka lsIacuteu kefyda oszligoslashdjh =rka lsIacutefiuml fdaSh wrfha wHjYH fldkafoaishla wkka uyd ta nj fufia wjOdrKh lrkjd

zzjfrac34udkfhasect wmg isd fkdyels wkaontildeka fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml iy nd ekSfiuml mcdkaSlrKh jQ nh uacuteiska fjkialiuml iy oszligoslashdjh =rka lsIacuteu i|yd wjiadjla wmg imhd sect we wfma ldfrac34hh uacuteh hqafa tu fjki ljqreka fyda fotildejd wjYH wh fjkqfjka hdfrac34hla lsIacuteuhs

fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh wm i= lr ksntildeka iEu wfhl=gu plusmnkqu nd ekSu i|yd Ylashla wes lrSu uska oszligoslashdjh lrd hk uk wdmiq yeruacuteh yelshsZZ

igraveiakia aumllaIkszlig igraveiakia aumllaIkszlig uacuteiska bEgraveszligma lrk ksfrac34jpkh jvda bEgraveszlig ksfrac34jpkdaul meyeEgraves lsIacuteula jYfhka ielsh yelshs zzfdr=re plusmnk ekSug wes whssh hkq zwdKavqfotilde ksfhdaethdhkhla uska weeiuml fdr=re r|jd fk isaacutekafka kiuml ta msltsn|j sAringj plusmnk ekSug iy tajd fyltsorotilde lrk fig baSula lsIacuteug wes whsshhs tfia lsIacuteu mslafIam lflta kiuml Tyqg fyda wehg mslafIam lsIacuteula sAringj eicircug baSula llt yelshZ

mcdkajdsect rgl wdKavqj msysgqjkafka ckdj uacuteiska rfUuml mdkh isyuml jkafka ckdj uacuteiska fdard ma lr hjk uyck ksfhdaethhska yrydhs tfya tu ksfhdaethhska uacuteiska kakd SrK lshdaul lrk SrK ek ckdj fkdokafka kiuml ksis mcdkajdohla lshdaul jkafka keye ta jfau ukafa iudcfha isyumljkafka l=ula plusmnhs ckdj fkdokafka kiuml Tjqkag mdkh lrkakkafa lshd jika lrkafka kiuml ckdjg tu iudcfha lghq=jg odhl uacuteh fkdyelshs tksid mcdkajdoh idfrac34lj lshdaulugraveug kiuml ckdj fdr=re plusmnk isaacuteh hq=uhs

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lghq= mjajdfk hdug jeauml reNtildehla yd keUqrejla plusmnlaugraveug ksrkarfhka Waidy kakjd fiuml nj fydcentka meyeEgraves lrk WodyrKhla wmsldkq NdIdjla jk ziajdySsZ NdIdfjka efnkjd wmsldkq nila jk zziajdySsZz NdIdfjka wdKavqj hkakg fhfok mohla jkafka zzigraveysiqKq ryiZZ hkakhs wdKavqj fldriuml yumlrg ryiska lghq= lsIacuteug leueala olajkafka o hkak ta jpkh =ltska ukdj meyeEgraves fjkjd

zzks fdr=re ZZ uyck foafmdltla tfya fndfyda wdKavq tajd mjajdfk hkafka rdcH mdlhskafa foafmdltla fia ysdfkhs

nh wksis fi mszligyrKh lsIacuteu iudc foaYmdk iodpdrh msszligyS fdia jxpdj yenIKh ds ixyh mpKavajh byjyd hdu kSsfha mdkh fyja zzkSsfha wecircmHZZ igrave| jeagravefiuml Wam jYfhka ieflkjd tfukau uy ckdjg rdcH mdkh uacuteksuacuteo plusmnlsh yels hdkaKhla kesugraveu nh wksis fi mszligyrKh lsIacuteug l=la jYfhka ielsh yelshs

acutekEu iudchl isyumljk fuu lshdoduh jeltelaugraveug plusmnkqja mqrjeis iudchla wes jkafka fdr=re ksoyfia nd yels jddjrKhla =lths mcdkajdsect fdalfha zzfdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh ZZ hkqfjka yecentkafjkafka tlS mQfrac34j fldkafoaishhs

hymdk lshkafka fiumllg

zhymdkhZ lshkafka xldjg wumla woyila taa ldhla mqrd xldfotilde fiuml ek ixjdohla snqKa tal fmdyuml ckdj wrg sfha miqsh ckdecircmsjrK iufha

hymdkh iy fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh wr sfnkafka fndfydu ioacutem iiumlnkaOdjla tal yszlighg zyg fmda Z jfhs fiuml folg tlsfkldfka fdrj mejeaula keye

hymdkh ukdj lshdaul ugraveug kiuml ta yd nedivideKq lshdjsh o ksishdldrj lshdaul uacuteh hq=hs ^hymdk ixrplamp fiuml hymdk

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdislu iy hymdkh

hymdkfha jeoa ixrplhla jYfhka

zzuacuteksuacuteoNdjhZZ Transparency ielsh yelshs mdk lghq= yd

nedivideKq ldrK j ryiHNdjfhka fdrugraveu yd tajdfha uacutejDNdjh uhs

uacuteksuacuteoNdjh jYfhka ieflkafka uacuteksuacuteoNdjh r|d mjskafka fdr=re ksoyfia d hdu uhs


hymdk ixrpl wr bEgraveszligfhkau sfnkafka zzjugraveuZZ

Accountability lshk woyihs

hymdkfhasect jugraveu lshd lshkafka zz iajlSh msmaSka lshdldrliuml yd uyck foamlt Nduacutehka msltsn|j rdcHh ksOdIacuteka fmoasl fiajlhka fyda fiajd imhkakka le|jd mYak lsIacuteug mjsk yelshdj iy Tjqka Bg War sectug wes nepounduhs fiuml wkqj jugraveu hkq jlSug iy mslts=re sectug nefok wdKavq mdk iiumlmodhla jYfhka yecentkauacuteh yelshs

hymdkfha ja jeoa ixrplhla jYfhka

zzuacuteksuacuteoNdjhZZ Transparency ielsh yelshs

zfdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml ksoyiZ hkafkka hiuml

mqoafhl=fa baSu u fdr=re fj

mfotildeY ugraveug iy fdr=re ndekSug

Tyqg wes ksoyi woyia fjkjd wdKavqj

wfmalaId lrkafka tjeks mfotildeYhla iSud

lsIacutefuka tjeks ksoyila Waxgtkh

lsIacutefuka jeltlSu muKhs wdKavqfotilde

nepoundiuml zwlshZ kshudjkSka ilia ugrave

sfnkjdZZ


mdk lghq= yd nedivideKq ldrK j ryiHNdjfhka fdrugraveu yd tajdfha uacutejDNdjh uhs zuacuteksuacuteoNdjhZ jYfhka ieflkafka uacuteksuacuteo Ndjh r|d mjskafka fdr=re ksoyfia d hdu uhs wdhk msltsn| fdr=re o tu wdhkj lshdldIacuteajh msltsn| fdr=re o ixjfrac34Ok jevigykajg wodlt ieiqiuml kqfokq suacuteiqiuml yd WmlrK wdsect ishuml fdr=re iDcqj yd myiqfjka yd idudkH ckdjg fareiuml yels mszligEgrave eigraveh hq= nj fuys woyihs

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssho ksoyi o

fdr=re plusmnk ekSu iiumlnkaOfhka jk fndfyda meyeEgraves lsIacuteiuml yd ixjdojsect zfdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whsshZ fyda zfdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml ksoyi Z hk mo oauacuteajhu Nduacute jk wdldrhla plusmnlsh yelshs tfya idudkH jpkdfrac34h blaujd sh bd meyeEgraves fjkila zwhssh $ ksoyiZ hk jpk fol =lt plusmnlsh yelshs

zfdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml ksoyiZ hkafkka hiuml mqoafhl=fa baSu u fdr=re fj mfotildeY ugraveug iy fdr=re nd ekSug Tyqg wes ksoyi woyia fjkjd wdKavqj wfmalaId lrkafka tjeks mfotildeYhla iSud lsIacutefuka tjeks ksoyila Waxgtkh lsIacutefuka jeltlSu muKhs wdKavqfotilde nepoundiuml zwlshZ kshudjkSka ilia ugrave sfnkjd

zfdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh ckdjfa wdfotildeKsl whsshla jk wr tu fdr=re iemhSug wdKavqjg rdcldIacuteuh jlSula sfnkjd fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml

whssh hgfa wdKavqfotilde tlS nepoundu zilShZ kshudjSka ilia ugrave wes nj fdr=re whssh msltsn| ixlamfhka woyia fjkjd

udkj ysntildelulao uQsl whssjdislulao

fdr=re plusmnk ekSug wes whssh iiumlnkaOfhka wjOdkh fhduq lsIacutefiumlsect mek ksk ja egumljla uhs th udkj whssjdislulao kefyda uQsl whssjdislulao hkak fuu egumlj ksrdlrKh lr ekSu i|yd zuQsl whssjdisliuml yd udkj ysntildeliuml Z wr wes fjki ydividekd hq=hs

fmdyuml jHjydrfhasect udkj ysntildeliuml uQsl whssjdisliuml tlu wfrac34fhka kakjd fndfyda fofkla fiuml fol wr fjki okafka keye taa zzudkj ysntildeliuml ZZ iy zzuQsl whssjdisliuml ZZ hkq folla ntildei tlla fkdfjhs

udkj whssjdisliuml iy uQsl whssjdisliuml wr weafa jpkj fjkila fkdfjhs lshdmaacutemdaacutefha keskiuml lshdaul ugravefiuml fjkila udkj whssjdisliuml iudch uacuteiska msltsmecenth hq= msmas iuQyhla jYfhka ieflkjd tajd lvjQ uacuteg nd yels Rcq mslfrac34uhla keye udkj whssjdisliuml hkq zzmsmas faLkhla ZZ ntildei kSshla fkdfjhs

fndfyda rgja udkj ysntildeliuml fi udkj ysntildeliuml msltsn| uacuteYaj mldYkfha we=iquest fjka cdHkar faLk il wkafrac34 ysntildeliuml jska hiuml mudKhla rfUuml mOdk kSsh jk wdKavqlu jHjiadjg we=lta lrd


sfnkjd tfia we=lta ugraveu ksid tajd zzuQsl whssjdisliuml ZZ fi ydividekajkjd tfia yecentkaugravefuka yd ielSfuka tajd zzkesju neszlig whssjdisliuml ZZ njg mafjkjd tu ffksl msltsekSu ksid tu uQsl whssjdisliuml lvugraveulsect kefyda lvugraveug wdikak aajhlsect kSsfhka msltsirK nd yelshs ta wkqj uQsl whssjdisliuml zbd iOcircugrave kSs fldgila Z njg ma fjkjd

fiuml wkqj wmg fmkS hkafka YS xldj o we=iquestj fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh ysntilde fndfyda rgja tu whssh wdKavqlu jHjiadj uska iysl fldg th lvugraveulsect hq= lshdudfrac34 o meyeEgraves fldg wes njhs ta wkqj fdr=re plusmnk ekSug wes whssha zuQsl whssjdislulaZ jYfhka ielsh yelshs

fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh igraveysjQ odfrac34Yksl miqigraveu

zzfiuml wkqj wmg fmkS hkafka YS xldj o we=iquestj fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh

ysntilde fndfyda rgja tu whssh wdKavqlu jHjiadj uska iysl fldg th lvugraveulsect hq=

lshdudfrac34 o meyeEgraves fldg wes njhs ta wkqj fdr=re plusmnk

ekSug wes whssha zuQsl whssjdislulaZ

jYfhka ielsh yelsh ZZ

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh igraveysjQ odfrac34Yksl miqigraveu

fdalfha uqskau zmcdkajdohZ lshdaul jqKd lshd lshkafka mqrdK Sisfha bsydifhda lshk

uacuteEgraveyg mqrdK Sisfha lshdaul jqfKa zRcq mcdkajdohZ Sl

ckdju uhs mdkhg iiumlnkaO jqfKa mqrdK Sl rdcHj isaacutefha l=vd ck

msszligila ksid Rcq mcdkajdoh egumljla

jqfKa keye


ntildeksid i= fiiq whssjdisliuml jfau fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh iiumlnkaO ixlamh igraveysugraveu flfrys bd meyeEgraves odfrac34Yksl miqigraveula plusmnlsh yelshs fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssfha odfrac34Yksl miqigraveu fidhd nk uacuteg meyeEgraves jkafka th zmcdkajdohZ yd Rcqj nepound mjsk njhs

fdalfha uqskau zmcdkajdohZ lshdaul jqKd lshd lshkafka mqrdK Sisfha bsydifhda lshk uacuteEgraveyg mqrdK Sisfha lshdaul jqfKa zRcq mcdkajdohZ Sl ckdju uhs mdkhg iiumlnkaO jqfKa mqrdK Sl rdcHj isaacutefha l=vd ck msszligila ksid Rcq mcdkajdoh egumljla jqfKa keye taa jfrac34udk fdalfha ckyKh uacuteYdhs N+ntilde mfoaYh uacuteYdhs ckjdfrac34sl uacuteuacuteOajha jeaumlhs ta ksid mqrdK Sisfha jdfa Rcq mcdkajdoh lshdaul llt fkdyelshs ta ksid miqldSkj th hiuml hiuml mjKdjkag la jqKd

zzckdj uacuteiska ckdj i|yd lrkq nk mdkhZZ

zmcdkajdohZ hkq zzckdj uacuteiska ckdj i|yd lrkq nk mdkhZ hehs ysgmq wefuszligldkq ckdecircmsjrfhl= jQ tanyiuml skalka

llt mldYh ta yd iiumlnkaOfhka bEgraveszligmaj wes mYia ksfrac34jpkhla jYfhka ielsh yelshs tanyiuml skalka uacuteiska bEgraveszligma llt woyfia uQsl yrh fjkafka zmcdkajdsect mdkhla hkq wdKavqfotilde ishuml lreKq iiumlnkaOfhka ckdjfa mszligudecircmH mOdku lreK jk njhs oacuteg fmr i|yka lltd jdfa jfrac34udk mcdkajdoh =lt plusmnlsh yelafla zckdj uacuteiska lrkq nk mdkhla Z fjkqjg ckdj uacuteiska ma lrkq nk ksfhdaethhska uacuteiska lrkq nk mdkhla th zksfhdaeth mcdkajdohZ hkqfjka yecentkauacuteh yelshs

ksfhdaeth mcdkajdofha plusmnlsh yels mOdk laIKhla jkafka ckdj fjkqfjka rdcH mdkh iy rdcH msmas lshdaul lsIacuteu zrdcH ksOdIacutekaZ uska isyumlugraveuhs fuu rdcH ksOdIacuteka uacuteiska ksfhdaeth mcdkajdoh =lt rdcH mdkfha iy rdcH msmas iiumlnkaO ckdj i= whssjdisliuml ksfhdackh lrkq nk nj fmdyumlfotilde msltskakjd

fiuml wkqj wmg meyeEgraves jkafka ckdj uacuteiska rdcH ksOdIacuteka fj ckdj mdkh lsIacuteu iiumlnkaOfhka jk nh mjrd wes njhs fuu nh mjrdsectu fya=fjka rdcH ksOdIacuteka lrk lghq=jg wodlt fdr=re zckdjfa foafmdltla Z jYfhka msltsekSug wmg isyumlfjkjd ta ksid ckdjg fuu fdr=re fj mfotildeYugraveug whsshla ysntildefjkjd fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssfha odfrac34Yksl moku jYfhka ieflkafka ckdj i= fuu whsshhs


ckdj fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh Egravekda yeaacute

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh mcdkajdofha uQsl ixlamhla jYfhka iel=ja ta whssh mqrjeiskag iafotildeEacutePdfjka modkh lsIacuteug mdlhska bEgraveszligma fkdjQ nj udkj bsydih wOHhkh lsIacutefiuml yjqre lr yelshs uacutefYaIfhka zwecircmsjdsect rdcHjZ fulS aajh meyeEgravesju plusmnlsh yels jqKd fulS rdcHj mdlhska iy kdhlhska uacuteiska ckdjfa ikaksfotildeok yd udOH Nduacutehka plusmnaumlj mdkh llt ksid mdlhska yd kdhlhska wlues fdr=re plusmnkekSug ckdjg lsisdivide wdldrhl wjiadjla snqfKa keye

ckdj fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdislu Egravekda yeaacute

zzhqfrdamfha zwdividere hqhZ jYfhka ieflk ldfhasect ckdjfa fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml jfau NdIKfha mldYkfha we=iquest woyia mlt lsIacutefiuml whssh mash

yd mdlhska uacuteiska iiumlmQfrac34Kfhka mdkh lltd

fmrEgrave rgja fiuml wkaOldrfhka tltshg tkafka

zmqkreo iuhZ jYfhka ieflk hqfhasecths ZZ


fiuml aajh mqrdK Sisfha igrave| jeagravefuka miq ngysr rdcHja wfYdal wecircrdcHfha igrave| jeagravefuka miq fmrEgravea plusmnaumlj lshdaul jqKd uacutefYaIfhka fmrEgrave rgj ^ hqfrdamd rgjaamp zwdividere hqhZ jYfhka ieflk ldfhasect ckdjfa fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml jfau NdIKfha mldYkfha we=iquest woyia mlt lsIacutefiuml whssh mash yd mdlhska uacuteiska iiumlmQfrac34Kfhka mdkh lltd fmrEgrave rgja fiuml wkaOldrfhka tltshg tkafka zmqkreo iuhZ jYfhka ieflk hqfhasecths ta ishjia Kklg miqjhs

mqrdK Sl rdcH hqfha isg fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh msltsn| odfrac34Yksl woyia bEgraveszligma jqKa th ckdjfa whssjdislula jYfhka msltsekSu isyuml jQ njg ksYaNtilde idOl bEgraveszligma jkafka 18-19 jeks ishjiajsecths ta fmrEgrave rgja j mesr sh zmqkreofhaZ nmEu ksihs

fiuml ldfha zrdcH igraveysjqfKa fldfyduo Z zmdlhskag nh nd yumlkafka ljqo ta nh ckdjg hlts nd fkdyelso jfa uacuteuacuteOdldr woyia bEgraveszligma jqKd fiuml yryd zksoyiZ zwhssjdisliumlZ lshk woyiqa igraveys jqKd

fdr=re oekekSfiuml uqau whssh iaugravevkfhka

fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh u mqrjeishkag ks jYfhka modkh llt fdalfha uqau rg jYfhka ieflkafka ziaugravevkhZ hs 18 jk ishjfia uOH Ndh jk uacuteg iaugravevkfha zuyck mfotildeYhZ hk

ixlamh jfrac34Okh ugraveu fiuml i|yd fya= jQ njhs msltsefkkafka ta wkqj 1766 sect iaugravevkh zmqjama ksoyi msltsn| mkZ ydividekajd yumlkakd fuu mk uska wdKavqfotilde faLk flfrys mfotildeY ugravefiuml whssh fmdyuml ckdjg modkh lltd fuu mk iaugravevkfha kSs moaOsfha uQsl fldgila njg ma lrkq enQ wr wdKavqlu jHjiadj uska o tlS whssh yjqre lsIacuteug mshjr ad

fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh yd iiumlnkaO iaugravevkfha ffksl moku uacuteuid neSfiumlsect fmkS hkafka wdKavqfotilde iy mltda mdk wdhkj lshdldrliuml msltsn|j ndOdjlska fdrj fidhd neSfiuml whssh ckdjg ysntildejk njhs

iaugravevka kSsh =lt zfmdyuml faLkZ wfrac34 kajd wes wdldrh o wjOdkhg hq=hs tu kSshg wkqj kSs iiumlmdokh uska mldYsju iy uacutefYaIfhka fjkia wdldrhlg ilia lrkafka kiuml ntildei tfia fkdfotilde kiuml nOdIacuteka uacuteiska mduacuteEacuteNtilde lrk ishumlu faLk zfmdyuml faLkZ hkqfjka wfrac34 ekafjkjd

iaugravevka kSsh wkqj jHdsffrac34Lhla wes wjiadjsect mjd ixfotildesect fdr=rla ugravefiuml yelshdj wes fdr=rla i|yd wes iEu baSula u fjk fjku ild nesh hq=hs ta wr fdr=re iemhSu mslafIam lsIacuteu Bg uacutereoaOj wNshdpkh lsIacutefiuml whsshg o hga lr sfnkjd fuu msmdok fya=fjka ukag tfrysj wmrdO fpdaokd fdkq lsIacutefiuml wjodkula fkduesj uyck iqnidOkh fjkqfjka udOH fj ixfotildesect fdr=re fyltsorotilde lsIacutefiuml whssh rdcH ksOdIacutekag


mejIacuteug iaugravevkh mshjr fk sfnkjd

iaugravevkh fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mk iiumlu lr jir 200 la jk fla fdalfha lsisu rgla fiuml ek wjOdkh fhduq lflta keye fdalfha uqau fdr=re mk iiumlu ugrave jir 200 la jqK 1966 sect wefuszligld tlaia ckmoh fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mk iiumlu lltd Bg miqj 1978 sect mxYh 1980 sect fkofrac34kah 1982 sect txkah acuteiaUumlshdj iy kjiSkah 1983 sect lekvdj 1985 sect fvkaudfrac34lh wdEgrave ngysr rgjaj ckdjg fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdislu enqKd

taa wdishdkq wmsldkq yd ska wefuszligldkq rgja ta i|yd fndfyda ldhla ad ol=Kq wdishdfotilde uqskau fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdislu efnkafka mdlsiadk ckdjh ta 2001 sect 2005 sect

bkaEgravehdja 2007 sect fkamdfha 2009 sect nxadfoaY udEgravejhsk yd N+dkfha ckdjg fdr=re whssh ysntilde fjkjd

wdishdfotilde mcdkajdofha socircszligfh jYfhka ielsh yelafla YS xldjhs xldfotilde ckdjg lsisdivide fNaohlska fdrj ifrac34jck Pkao whssh ysntildefjkafka 1931 sect fdalfha ldkadjkag Pkao nh ysntilde jqK rgja wr xldj bkafka fndfydu bEgraveszligfhka ta lshkafka YS xldjg sfhkafka sectfrac34gt mcdkajdsect mdk iiumlmodhla taa fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdislu ek wfma mdlfhda plusmnlajQfha plusmnauml NSshla ta ksid 1994 isg 2016 olajd sectfrac34gt ldhla fiuml whssjdislu Egravekd ekSfiuml uacuteuacuteO Waidyhka widfrac34l jqKd wjidkfha ol=Kq wdishdfotilde wjidk rg uacuteEgraveyghs xldfotilde ckdjg tu whssjdislu enqfKa ta 2016 secths

fmdyumlck wrhlska Egravekda fdr=re ysntildelu

wrhlska Egravekda fdr=re whssh

zzbkaEgravehdfotilde ckdj fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml

whssjdislu Egravekd ekSfiuml igk wdriumlN lrkafka 1990 oYlfha

uOH Ndfhasecths ta 1994 sect rdciadka

mdkafha zfouacuteyumlkasZ kiuml ckdj uacuteiska wdriumlN llt zuiayumlfrac34

lsidka Ylas ikakaZ ^ tiumlflatiatia amp

lshk isuacutea ixuacuteOdkfha

ueEgraveyaugraveu iuhsZZ


fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh u mqrjeishkag Ylasua ffksl mokula uska ysntildelr yumlka rgja wr bkaEgravehdjg ysntildejkafka frjKSh iadkhla weeiuml jdfrac34d olajk wdldrhg fdalfha fyd|u fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mka wr bkaEgravehdjg ysntildejkafka fojeks iadkh mltuq iadkh ysntildejk nj lshkafka fulaIsfldajg

bkaEgravehdfotilde ckdj fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdislu Egravekd ekSfiuml igk wdriumlN lrkafka 1990 oYlfha uOH Ndfhasecths ta 1994 sect rdciadka mdkafha zfouacuteyumlkasZ kiuml ckdj uacuteiska wdriumlN llt zuiayumlfrac34 lsidka Ylas ikakaZ ^ tiumlflatiatia amp lshk isuacutea ixuacuteOdkfha ueEgraveyaugraveu iuhs

fuu ixuacuteOdk uacuteiska ixuacuteOdkh llt uyck iaugraveiumljg footildeyumlkas ckdj iyNdsugraveu iuska wdriumlN jQ fuu wrh ja bEgraveszlighg fdia wdKavqfotilde jHdmDs iiumlnkaO jdfrac34d iuacuteiardaulj idlEacutePd lsIacuteu olajd bEgraveszlighg shd fuu ldh =lt rdciadka mdkah =lt oreKq kshOtildela mejes wr mdka wdKavqj fulS ckdj fjkqfjka lshdaul llt iqnidOk fiajdjska ksOdIacuteka idlk njg fpdaokd ta jqKdamp

jHdmDs yd iiumlnkaO jdfrac34d iuacuteiardaulj idlEacutePd lsIacutefuka muKla fkdkej=Kq footildeyumlkas ckdj iy tiumlflatiatia idudethlfhda wdKavqfotilde yenIK msltsn|j meyeEgraves idlaIs iysj lreKq bEgraveszligma lltd tys bEgraveszlig mshjrla jYfhka wdKavqfotilde jHdmDs yd iiumlnkaO fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh nd fok luhla iiumlmdokh

lrk fuka Tjqka nOdIacutekag n lrk isuacutea jHdmdrhla wdriumlN lltd

lntildelj tfya fotildefhka uqiquest bkaEgravehdj mqrdu zfdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh bad wdKavqjg n lrk isuacutea jHdmdr Egraveha jQKd fiuml fya=fjka uqskau rdciadka mdka wdKavqjg u mdkafha ckdjg fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh ysntildejk kSs iiumlmdokh lsIacuteug wjidkfhasect isyumljqKd ta wkqj bkaEgravehdfotilde fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh Egravekda mu mdkah njg rdciadkh majqKd Bg miqj lntildelj zuydrdIagZ zfdajZ we=iquest fjka mdka o fulS whssh msltsksntildeka kSs iiumlmdokh lltd wjidkfhasect tkiuml 2005 jiffrac34sect bkasecth uOHu wdKavqj uacuteiska o fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh yd iiumlnkaO mk iiumlu lltd woa fdalfha fyd|u fdr=re mKla uacuteEgraveyg bkaEgravehdfotilde fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml mk ieflkjd

zfdr=reZ lshkafka fudkjdo

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh msltsn| kSsfha uQsl yrh jkafka rgl rch i=j sfnk fdr=re uyckdj i=h hkak ffksl jYfhka msltsekSuhs fuu kSsh uOtildeska rch rdcH wdhk ixiadms wdhkj SrK msmas ieiqiuml iy lshdldrliuml uyckdjg uacutejD lrntildeka tu fdr=rejg mfotildeYugraveug uyckdjg bv iik ffksl aajhla iy hdkaKhla ilia lrkjd


fdr=re hkakg my i|yka lreKq we=ltaa

fjkjd 1 rdcH wdhk iy jHjiadms wdhk uacuteiska uyckdj msltsn|j ndfk sfnk fdr=re

2 rdcH wdhkj iy jHjiadms wdhkj ck Ocircuacutehg nmdk wdldrhg lrkq nk lshdldrliumlj fdr=re

3 mdfrac34sfiumlka=j mltda iNdj mltda mdk wdhkj kSs iiumlmdok whjeh iy ffoksl lshdldrliuml iiumlnkaO fdr=re

u rfUuml ckdjg fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssjdislu nd fok uacuteg ta ta rgja uacuteuacuteO iSudjkag hgaj fdr=re ysntildelu nd fokjd WodyrKhla uacuteEgraveyg YS xldfotilde fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssjdislu iiumlnkaO mkfa 34^1amp Wm jkash plusmnlauacuteh yelshs fdr=re ksOdszlighdfka fdr=re bad isaacutek mqrjeisfhl=g th bgq fkdjk wjiadjlsect wNshdpkd llt yels nj

tys 31^1amp Wm jkasfha i|yka jk wdldrhg wDmasua mqrjeishdg wodlt mslafIam lsIacuteu isyuml jQ wjiadfotilde isg Egravek 14 la we=lt wodlt wdhkfha kiuml llt ksOdszlighdg wNshdpkd llt yelshs tuska o mqrjeishd iEySug ma fkdjqKfyda mkfa 32^1amp ^wamp yd ^wdamp jkash wkqj udi folla we=lt fdr=re fldntildeiug mentildeKss llt yelshs

wodlt mqrjeishd fldntildeIfiuml Skayumlfjka o wDmashg ma fotilde kiuml Tyq hd hq= ek mkfa 34^1amp Wm jkasfha i|yka fjkjd fuu jkash wkqj Egravek 14 la we=lt Tyq wNshdpkdecirclrKhg wNshdpkhla bEgraveszligma llt hq=hs

xldfotilde fdr=re mkfa iy bkaEgravehdkq fdr=re mk =lt fiuml wjiad fol iiumlnkaOfhka fjkila plusmnlsh yelshs bkaEgravehdkq fdr=re mk wkqj wDmasua mqrjeishdg hd yels wjidk iadkh jkafka fdr=re fldntildeika iNdjhs xldfotilde kiuml wjidk Skayumlj fokafka wNshdpkdecirclrKh uska

ckdjg fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdislu ysntildelr fontildeka rdcHhka uacuteiska kSs mkjkafka wehs o lshk tl fndfyda fokl=g mYakhla uacuteh yelshs fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml kSsh uOtildeska lreKq Kkdjla idCIdalr ekSug wfmalaId lrkjd

1 rgl msmas SrKh lsIacuteu msmas iiumlmdokh iy lshdjg kexugraveu i|yd uyck iyNdsajh nd ekSu

fdr=re kSsfhka wfmalaIs wruqKq

fdr=re oek ekSfiuml whssjdisliuml msltsn| mka flgqiumlmfa plusmnlafjk wdldrhgzfdr=reZ hkakg my i|yka tajdfha fNsl iajrEmh fyda iajNdjh fkdild igyka faLk ixfoaY uacuteoHqa emea u WmfoaY udOH ksfotildeok plfaLkshu fda fmda suacuteiqiuml jdfrac34d mjDas m idiumlma wdofrac34Yl yqjudre jk sms ixfoaY kSs flgqiumlma fmda msUqre isshiuml Ntilde rEmigyka rEmuh fyda miadruh jev fyda PdhdrEm fiahdmg laIqoslash fiahdmg Yiacuteo maacute lsIacuteiuml ugraveaumlfhda mg hka uska lshuacuteh yels jdfrac34d uacuteoHqa sms iy fjka faLk oslashjH we=iquest mszligKl jdfrac34d iy fjka faLk oslashjH iy tajdfha hiuml msgma we=lta fjkjd

fdr=re ndsectfiuml whssjdislu =lt fdr=rejg mfotildeYugraveu mslafIam llt yels wjiad ek jfau mslafIam lsIacuteiumljg tfrysj wNshdpkd llt yels wdldrh ek o meyeEgravesj i|yka ugraveu uacutefYaIajhla xldfotilde fdr=re mkfa fiuml i|yd jk uacuteecircuacuteOdk bd meyeEgravesj i|yka fjkjd


2 rch iy wdKavqfotilde lghq= msltsn| uyck uacuteYajdih fdvkeSu

3 mjsk plusmnauml wecircmsjdsect ksOdszliguh rdcH mszligmdk ixialDsh fjkialr rdcH mszligmdk lshdjsh ldfrac34hCIu iy ModhS aajhlg ma lsIacuteu

4 yenIs nuacuteka wvq udkj ysntildeliuml iqrlsk mszligir ysldoacute fiLHiiumlmkak iudchla fdv keSu

5 yumlSnj kes lsIacuteu iy msixuacuteOdkh ixysEgravehdj iy kej fdvkeSfiuml lshdjsh Ylasua lsIacuteu jeks lreKq ta wr jk nj uacuteoaj=ka i|yka lrkjd

fdr=re oekekSfiuml whssjdisliuml kSsh fjkia

jkafka wehs fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh msltsn| wjOdkh fhduq lrk uacuteg fmkS hk uacutefYaIs lreKla jkafka th rdcH uacuteiska mkjk fjka kSsjg jvd Nduacuteh iiumlnkaOfhka iquacutefYaI jk njhs thg fya=j jkafka rdcH uacuteiska mkjk fjka kSs wNHdi lrkafka rdcH ksOdIacuteka fmdSish we=iquest rdcH mszligmdk hdkaKh uacuteiska ugraveuhs irj lsjfyda tlS kSsh wdrlaId lrkafka o th ckdj fj mkjd lshdaul lrkafka rdcH hdkaKh uacuteiska ugraveuhs tfya fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml mkla ^ysntildeluamp uska efnk ffksl msmdok lshdaul lrkqfha zckdjZ uacuteiskauhs Tjqkafa iyNdSajh Tjqkafa jqjukd tmdliuml wdEgravefhka fdrj fdr=re mk uska ndsect wes

msmdok wNHdifha fhouacuteh fkdyelshs fuh iquacutefYaI aajhla jYfhka ielsh yelshs

fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh hkqfjka woyia jkafka zmfotildeYk whssh iy rdcH ksOdIacutekafka fdr=re nd ekSug mqrjeishkag wes whsshZ hs fuu whssh ysntilde mqrjeishkag my i|yka rdcH mdkh yd iiumlnkaO wruqKq lsysmhla bgqlr ekSug wjiadj efnkjd

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdislu mqrjeishdg jeoa jkafka wehs

1 msmas iiumlmdokfhasect uyck iyNdsajh jeauml EgravehqKq lsIacuteu

2 wdKavqfotilde mdroDYHNdjh iy jugraveu mjfrac34Okh ugraveu

3 rdcH ksOdIacuteka uacuteiska isyumllrk yenIK yd rdcH iiumlma kdiash wju lsIacuteu

by i|yka mcdkaSh iy hymdk wruqKq bgqlr ekSug wurj fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh uska

1 wdKavqj i= oa fj fmdyuml mfotildeYh yjqre lsIacuteu

2 wdKavqj i= fdr=re bad isagraveiuml yd wju fyda lsisyuml msszligjehla fkduesj isyuml lr ekSfiuml ldfrac34hmaacutemdaacutehla wes lsIacuteu

3 idudkHfhka fdr=re mldY lsIacutefiuml iy fdr=re i|yd jk uacutejDNdjh mjfrac34Okh lsIacutefiuml jlSulska wdKavqj nepoundu


jdish ckudOHhg muKla fkdfotilde

YS xldfotilde fndfyda fokd uacuteYajdi lrkafka fiuml mk ckudOHfotildeoSkag jdis iy jk kSshla fighs th jeros jegySula jYfhka ielsh yelshs fdr=re kSshl jdish efnkafka iuia mqrjeishkaghs tla wlska rcfha ks fdr=re i|yd kSHdkql+ mfotildeYhla eicircu uska ckdjfa tosfkod lghq= ksis wjfndaOhlska hq=j isyumlllt yels fjkjd fukau tuska rcfha ksOdIacutekafa jugraveuo bylt hk njla plusmnlsh yelshs

wfkla wg rcfha fdr=re i|yd ckdjg mfotildeYhla sicircu uska ckdjfa iqmIacuteCIK yelshdj bylt hk wr tuska ksOdIacuteka yd

foaYmdkhkag rcfha uqoa kdias lsIacuteug wes bvlv weysIacute hkjd tuska uyck uqoa ksis wruqKq i|yd Wmszligu Modhsdjhlska jeh lsIacuteug ksOdIacutekag n lsIacuteula isyuml lrkjd ir fi lsjfyda fdr=re oekekSfiuml kSshla uska ckdj iuacuten ekafjk wru rcfha jugraveuo bylt hkjd


fdr=re i|yd mfotildeYugraveug mqrjeishdg wes yelshdj whsshla fi msltsekSu bd jeoa thg fya= jkafka

1 mcdkajdsect lshdjsh i|yd th wdrlaIdugrave wes whsshla iy hymdkh iy wfkl=a ishumlu udkj whsSka idlaIda lr ekSu i|yd jeoa ldfrac34hNdrhla bgq lsIacuteu

2 rdcHhlg cdHkar nepoundiuml sfnkjd fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml iy nd ekSiuml whsshg bv Egraveh hq= njg o cdHkar msltsekSula sfnkjd

3 rch uacuteiska ish ckdjg Tjqkafa wNsuh mszligEgrave fdr=re ndsectu isyuml llt hq= wr thska ffksl jYfhka lshdaul llt hq= whsshla umlyqccedilka lsIacuteug fyda fkdild yeIacuteulg rchlg ish wNsuh mszligEgrave llt fkdyelshs

4 fuh tla wlska jlSiuml orkafkl= iy wksla wska ffksl ysntildelula orkafkl= kSsh ksfrac34udKh lsIacuteula fiuml =lt fdr=re wkdjrKh fkdlsIacuteu kSsh Waxgtkh lsIacuteula ugraveu iy ta wkqj msdNshdg kSsfha msltsirKla nd ekSug ysntildelula fnkjd

fdr=re fj mfotildeYugraveug wes whssfha jeoalu l=ulao


5 fdr=re wha jkafka ckdjg ntildei rchg fkdjk nj uH ugraveu ta wkqj fdr=re uqod yeIacuteug on fya=jla wefda ntildei zishuml u fdr=re ryiHheZhs hk isoaOdkah fjkqjg fdr=re mslafIam lsIacuteug on fya= wefda ntildei iEu fdr=rla u nd ekSfiuml ksoyi ckdjg wes nj wdfoaYkh ugraveu

6 jugraveu i|yd bd bylt fha mntildeshla ksfrac34udKh lsIacuteu

7 uacutejDNdjh iy jugraveu iiumlnkaOj rdcHhka ys uqa nei fk mjsk ffksl iy wdhksl ndOdjkag tfrysj lghq= lsIacuteug mqrjeishkag kSsuh nhla ysntildeugraveu mdkfha uacuteIh mh rdcHfha isg mqrjeishdg mszligjfrac34kh ugraveu yryd ckd mrudecircmHh kej iadms ugraveu

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssfha jaacutekdlu j yumlrga

fdr=re plusmnkekSug wes whssh udkj ysntildelula fi( fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh ieflkafka zisuacutea yd foaYmdk whssjdislulaZ jYfhkqhs weeiuml uacuteg fuh zudkj ysntildelulaZ fi o ksfrac34jpkh flfrkjd lekvdfotilde msysaacute zkSsh yd mcdkajdoh i|yd jk uOHiadkhZ g wkqj fiuml jk uacuteg fdalfha rgja 120 l fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh msltsn| mka iiumlu fldg sfnkjd tmuKla fkdfjhs tlaia cdSkafa ixuacuteOdkh we=iquest cdHkar ixuacuteOdk ila cdHkar mmas yd suacuteiqiuml ila o fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh udkj ysntildelula fi msltsfk iysl fldg sfnkjd

wfkl=a udkj ysntildeliuml iiumlmQfrac34K lsIacutefiuml fujula fi( woyia mlt lsIacutefiuml whssh wOHdmkhg wes whssh yd iudkdaudjfha whssh wdrlaId lr ekSu i|yd fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh uQsl fujula fi ieflkjd woyia mlt lsIacuteu i|yd ksis mszligEgrave fdr=re plusmnk hq=hs taksid tu whssh lshdaul ugraveu i|yd fdr=re plusmnk ekSug wes whssh uQsl fldkafoaishla fjkjd kSsh bEgraveszligfha iudkdaudjh N=las uacutepoundug iy tajd WaxgtKh jQ uacuteg th wNsfhdahg la lsIacuteu i|yd fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh wjYH fjkjd

fdr=re plusmnkekSug wes whssh mcdkajdofha yd hymdkfha fujula fi o ieflkjd mcdkajdofha moku jkafka uesjrK lshdjshhs tu ksid uesjrKhlsect ksis mszligEgrave ish Pkaoh mldY lsIacuteu i|yd ckdjg ksis fdr=re nd ekSug wjiadj ieish hq=hs ntildeksfil=g Ocircja ugraveug ch jdh wdydr wjYH fjkjd jdfa iOcircugrave mcdkajdsect ck iudchlg fdr=re wjYH fjkjd jfrac34udkh jk uacuteg fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh ilkq nkafka zisuacutea yd foaYmdk whsshla Z fihs kefyda zziudc whsshlaZZ fihs tfukau fdr=re i|yd mfotildeYugraveug wes whssh zmspdrdaul mcdkajdofha Z uQsldxhla jYfhka ieflkjd

tfukau SrK ekSfiumlsect uacuteksuacuteONdjhla yd fdr=re fnod ekSula fkduesj mcdkajdsect iyNdSajhla iysl llt fkdyelshs ta ksid fdr=re nd ekSug wes mfotildeYh zWmfoaYl mcdkajdofha mOdkdxhla jYfhka ieflkjd


fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh wdKavqlu jHjiadms iysl lsIacuteiuml

fdalfha fndfyda mcdkajdsect wdKavq ish wdKavqlu jHjiadj =lt NdIKfha yd mldYkfha ksoyi uQsl whssjdislula jYfhka msltsfk wea fdr=re nd ekSfiuml whssh Rcq jYfhka msltsfk keye

NdIKfha yd mldYkfha whssh iiumlnkaOfhka mqiquesta wfrac34lk we=lta wefuszligldkq wdKavqlu jHjiadj fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdislu msltskakd kSs iiumlmdokh lflta 1966 sect

ta lshkafka wefuszligldkq wdKavqlu jHjiadj iiumlmdokh lsIacutefuka wjqreyuml 200 lg muK miafia

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh msltsn| wdKavqlu jHjiadms iysl lsIacuteiuml

zzfdalfha fndfyda mcdkajdsect wdKavq

ish wdKavqlu jHjiadj =lt NdIKfha yd

mldYkfha ksoyi uQsl whssjdislula jYfhka msltsfk

wea fdr=re nd ekSfiuml whssh Rcq jYfhka msltsfk

keyeZZ


bkaEgraveh wdKavqlu jHjiadj o fuu WKdjg uqyqK yumlkakd bkaEgravehdkq wdKavqlu jHjiadfotilde uQsl whssjdisliuml jkash fndfydu Ylasua tlla tfya tuska fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdislu msltsfk snqfKa keye

ta ksid bkaEgraveh isuacutea ixuacuteOdkj nlsIacuteu u zzfdr=re nd ekSfiuml whsshZZ iysl flfrk mkla kSs lsIacuteug 1999 sect rdciadka mdka wdKavqj o 2001 sect kj Egraveas mdka wdKavqjg o isyuml jqKd miqj 2005 jiffrac34sect zzfdr=re nd ekSfiuml whssh yjqre lrk cdsl mk ZZ iiumlu lsIacuteug bkaEgraveh mdfrac34sfiumlka=j mshjr ad

jfrac34udk jdfrac34d olajk wdldrhg fdalfha rgja 120 lg wecircl ixLHdjla fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh msltsfk sfnkjd fiuml wr hqfrdamfha rgja 40 la o wefuszligld tlaia ckmoh we=iquest ol=Kq wefuszligldkq uyoaugravemfha yd Ydkaslr idr ldmfha rgja 22 la o wmsldkq ldmfha rgja 4 la o sfnkjd

fiuml jk uacuteg YS xldj o we=lta ^ 19 jeks jHjiad ixfYdaOkh uska amp ol=Kq wdishdkq rgja o fdr=re plusmnk ekSu i|yd ckdjg wes whssh yjqre flfrk kSs ydividekajdsect sfnkjd

jauka fdalh hkq cdsl rdcH iSudj blaujd sh zfdaSh rdcHhla tksid lsishiuml rgla uacuteiska msltskakd jQ kSshg jvd nhla yd mqiquesta iSudjla iys kSshla njg cdHkar kSsh fyda iiumluqs mafjkjd fiuml aajh yuqfotilde cdHkar kSsh yd iiumluqs =lt fdr=re plusmnk ekSug wes whssh msltskakd yd wdrlaId lrk iajNdjhla plusmnlsh yelshs

udkj ysntildeliuml msltsn| uacuteYaj mldYkh

fuyssect bEgraveszligfhkau isaacutekafka tlaia cdSkafa udkj ysntildeliuml msltsn| uacuteYaj mldYkhhs

tys 19 jeks jHjiadj uska fdr=re plusmnk ekSug wes whssh




tys 19 jeks jHjiadj uska fdr=re plusmnkekSug wes whssh


msltsfk sfnkjd tys fufia plusmnlafjkjd zzu ksoyia uh plusmnIacuteug yd mldY lsIacuteug iEu mqoafhl=gu whsshla we wkqkafa ndOdjla fkduesj u uh plusmnIacuteuga foaYiSud fkdild ljr udOHhlska fyda fdr=re eicircug yd sectuga wes whssh o Bg we=ltahZZ

isuacutea yd foaYmdk whssjdisliuml msltsn| wkafrac34cdsl iiumluqsh

isuacutea yd foaYmdk whssjdisliuml msltsn| wkafrac34cdsl iiumluqsfha 19 jeks jkash- tys 19 ^1amp jkashg wkqj zz ndOdjlska fdrj iajlSh uh plusmnIacuteug iEu ekeafl=g u whssjdislula weafah 19 ^2amp iEu ekeafl=g u woyia mlt lsIacutefiuml ksoyi weafah foaYiSudjkafka

fdrj fdr=re iEu wkaoul u jdNtildelj sAringj fyda Ntildej wdldrfhka o tfia kefyda ud leues fjka acutekEu udOHhlska o fidhd ekSug iy plusmnkaugraveug sfnk ksoyi fuu whssjdislug we=lta uacuteh hq=h ZZ

udkj ysntildeliuml msltsn|j jQ hqfrdamd iiumluqsh

udkj ysntildeliuml msltsn|j jQ hqfrdamd iiumluqsfha 10 ^1amp jeks jkasfha plusmnlafjk wdldrhg zz mldYkfha ksoyi ishuml fokdu i=fotilde uhla plusmnIacutefiuml ksoyi iy hiuml wecircldszlighla uacuteiska mkjkq nk iSud lsIacuteiuml yd ndOdjka msltsn| ielsala fkdolajd fdr=re yd woyia nd ekSuga tajd fnod yeIacuteuga wes ksoyi fuu whssh =lt wkafrac34 fotildeZ hkqfjka i|yka lrkjd


sectfrac34gt mcdkajdsect mdk luhla iys rdcHhla jk YS xldj 1994 isg fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml mkla iiumlu lr ekSug Waidy a o ^ fiuml msltsn| bEgraveszligfhasect idlEacutePd flffrac34 amp 2015 ckjdIacute 08 jeksod ckms ffuSmd isszligfiak uyd nhg majk fla tlS mhakhka lsisjla bgqlr ekSug wjiadjla enqfKa keye

ckms ffuSmd isszligfiak uyd zfmdyuml wfmalaIlhd Z fi miqsh 2015 ckdecircmsjrKhg bEgraveszligma jQ miq ckdj yuqfotilde enQ zfjkilg tlafjuq - ffuS mdkhlaZmsmas mldYkfha fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdislu ndfok mkla fk tk nj bd meyeEgravesj wjOdrKh lr snqKd

2015 ckjdIacute 08 ckdecircmsjrKfhka ffuSmd isszligfiak uyd ws uacuteYsIag chyKhla enqjd Bg miqj wues rksa uacuteluisxy uydfa

rch uacuteiska bEgraveszligma llt zEgravek 100 jevigykZ =lt fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh nd fok kSs iiumlmdokh lrk nj iysl lr snqKd

ta wkqj hntildeka miqsh 2015 jiffrac34 uehs 15 jeksod sect YS xld wdKavq lu jHjiadjg tla llt 19 jeks jHjiad ixfYdaOkh uska fdr=re plusmnkekSug ckdjg wes whssh uQsl whssjdislula jYfhka msltsad 19 jeks jHjiad ixfYdaOkh uska wdKavqlu jHjiadfotilde 14 jeks jHjiadjg miqj 14 ^1amp ^wamp wxlh ork wumla jHjiadjla we=lta lltd ta wkqj uacuteOdhl fyda mszligmdk fyda lshdjlska mqoafhl=fa fdr=re plusmnk ekSug wes uQsl whssjdislu lvjqjfyda wdKavqlu jHjiadfotilde 126 jHjiadj hgfa fYaaIaGdecirclrKh fjg fmaiula bEgraveszligma llt yelshs

wdKavqlu jHjiadjg tla llt 19 jeks jHjiad ixfYdaOkh uska fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdislu enqK o th mdfhdaslj lshdaul lsIacuteug ja bEgraveszlig mshjrla wjYH fjkjd talg fya=j uhs jHjiadjg fdr=re whssh we=lta llt muKska th mdfhdaslj lshdaul lsIacuteu triuml myiq keye

thg fya=j jkafka mqoafhl= fdr=re bakafka ldfkao fdr=re ndsectug nepound isaacutekafka

YS xldfotilde fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mk


ljqrekao fuska nd yels fdr=re fudkjdo tajdfha iSud fudkjdo muKla fkdj hiuml filska fdr=re ndsectu mslafIam lltfyda mqrjeishdg yels mshjr fudkjdo jeks fiuml lreKq lsisjla 19 jeks jHjiad ixfYdaOkh uska meyeEgraves fkdugraveuhs fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh jvda yjqre lrntildeka th wfrac34lkh lrk mkla fk taug rch mshjr afa ta wkqjh fdr=re mk uska isyuml lflta ckdjg wes fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh mdfhdasl hdfrac34hla lsIacuteu i|yd wjYH lltukdlrK hdkaKh ilia lsIacuteuhs

fulS wjYHdj wkqj 2016 udfrac34= 24 jeks od mdfrac34sfiumlka= msixialrK yd ckudOH weues hka

lreKdsl uyd uacuteiska fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh iiumlnkaO mka flgqiumlm mdfrac34sfiumlka=jg bEgraveszligma lltd mka flgqiumlm yd iiumlnkaO fYaIaGdecirclrK uacuteuiqu 2016 wfmaa ui 5$6 hk Egravekjsect isyuml jqKd uehs ui 03 jeks Egravek fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml mka flgqiumlm yd iiumlnkaOfhka jk fYaaIaGdecirclrKfha SrKh ldkdhl lre chiQszligh uyd uacuteiska mdfrac34sfiumlka=jg plusmnkqiuml yumlkakd mka flgqiumlm fojeks jr lshugravefiuml uacutejdoh cQks ui 23$24 hk Egravekjsect isyuml jqKd cQks 24 jeksod fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mka flgqiumlm mdfrac34sfiumlka=j uacuteiska taluslj iiumlu lltd ta iu oYl follg wecircl bsydi wrhla uska YS xldfotilde ckdjg fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh yjqre jqKd

fdr=re whssh yjqre llt kvq Skayuml

YS xldfotilde ckdjg ysntilde fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh yd iiumlnkaOfhka woyia olajk weeiuml kSsfotildesectkafa woyi jkafka YS xldfotilde wdKavqlu jHjiadfotilde 10 jeks jHjiadj iy 14 ^1amp ^wamp jHjiadj uska fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh msltsfk wes nja ta yd iiumlnkaO wecirclrK Skayuml lsysmhla ndsect wes njhs

uacuteua fmffrac34rd tEgraveszligj YS xld =jka uacuteyumls ixiadj yd ja wh


uacuteua fmffrac34rd


fiuml iiumlnkaOfhka fndfyda uacuteg Wmqgd olajk tla kvq Skayumljla jkafka zzuacuteua fmffrac34rd tEgraveszligj YS xld =jka uacuteyumls ixiadj iy ja wh - 1996 ZZ kvq Skayumljhs fuu kvqfotilde Skayumlj fontildeka fYaIaGdecirclrK uacuteksiqre udfrac34la mkdkayuml uacuteksiqre=ud fufia mldY lltd

zzud uacuteiska ild nk o kvq Skayuml fmkajd fokafka wdKavqlu jHjiadfotilde 14 ^1amp ^wamp jkash mgq fi wfrac34lkh fkdllt hq= njh ta =lt iEu wdldrhlu mldYkh wkafrac34 fkdjk wr fracirchka kvqfotilde lshejqKq iudkajfha whssjdislu jeks fjka mldYs wdrlaIK weiqfrka tu jkasfha msysg eigraveh yelsh efudkaUuml kvqfotilde lshejqKq zzmldYs wdrlaIKhka jvda wfrac34dkauacute lsIacuteug wjYH jk jHx iyslhla o olajd th mqiquesta jk nj fmfka fufia ta =lt fdr=re nd ekSfiuml yd jdfrac34d lsIacutefiuml whssh o sigraveh yelsh th whsshg iiumluqL idlEacutePd ^ oafa kvqj amp maacute lsIacutefiuml fracirc hka kvqj amp fmdama ^ efudkaUuml amp iy PdhdrEm uska Nduacuted llt yelsh tfiau tu whssh fdr=re nd a udfrac34 tltsorotilde fkdlsIacutefiuml jrmidoh wdEgraveh olajd ^ tu whssh fdr=re nd ekSfiuml whssh jvda wfrac34dkauacute lsIacuteug wjYH kiuml amp mqiquesta uacuteh yelsh fiuml whqszligka NdIKfha whssh jvda Modhl lsIacuteug fjka whssjdisliuml o ssigraveh hq=h tkiuml iadkhla Nduacuted lsIacuteug Yiacuteo uacuteldYk fhsectug whssh wdEgraveh fotilde flfia fja flaacutefhka lshfda ta =lt fdr= nd ekSfiuml whssh weehs uu isntilde ZZ

fiuml iiumlnkaOfhka bd jeoa woyila Yfrac34jdkkao wuacuteksiqre=ud uacuteiska olajd sfnkjd zz NdIKfha yd mldYkfha ksoyi r|d mjskafka rg jeisfhl=g ud leues acutekEu fohla shkak fyda lshjkak wes ksoyi =lt muKla o ke uyckhdg ukag wjYH fohla weiSug fyda lsheugraveug wes ksoyi =lt o tfia mjS mcdkajdoh i=gqodhl fi lshdaul jkafka kiuml idudkH ntildeksidga uka wdKavqfotilde hiuml fldgila bgq lrk nj yeOtildeShd hq=h mcdkajdsect iudchl uQsl ksukhla jkafka zzmdkfha moku mdshdfa leuea ZZ hkakhs mdshdfa leuea ksoyfia leuea uacuteh hq= wr ta i|yd mudKja fdr=re nd ekSula sigraveh hq=h uacutefYaIfhka uacuteuacuteO jQa udfrac34hkafka jdo uacutejdo weiqfrka tu fdr=re nd yels uacuteh hq=h bd jeoa lreK jkafka mldYkfha ksoyi foaYmdk jeoalula oeIacuteu muKla fkdj th mcdkajdoS luhla Nduacute ugraveu Wfoid ke=ju neszlig luhla ugraveuhZZ

fuyssect tia Yfrac34jdkkao uacuteksiqre=ud Wmqgd olajk bd jeoa mldYhla jkafka zzmdshdfa leuea ksoyfia leuea uacuteh hq= wlr ta i|yd mudKja fdr=re nd ekSula sigraveh hq=h uacutefYaIfhka uacuteuacuteO jQa udfrac34hkafka jdo uacutejdo weiqfrka tu fdr=re nd yels uacuteh hq=h ZZ hkakhs tyssect fdr=re nd ekSug wes whssfha jeoalu wjOdrKh fjhs

zzfdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh NdIKfha ksoyfiau fldgilsZhs


hk Skayumlfotilde yrh wkafrac34 jk ja kvq Skayuml lsysmhla o we

uacuteYajsxiuml tEgraveszligj shkfa 1983 sect cdsjdsect ln wes jQ uacuteg iqiquest llg miqj hdmkfhasect mlt lrk o ldmSh mqjamla jQ zziegfrac34facirc szligugraveotilde ZZ mqjam mldYhg ma lsIacuteu ykiuml lsIacuteug rch a mshjrg tfrysj ksr ta mqjam lshjk mdGlhska lsysm fokl= uacuteiska fYaaIaGdecirclrKhg fmaiiuml folla bEgraveszligma lltd thska tla mdGlfhla tlS mqjamg sms imhkafkla o jqKd tu sms i|yd Tyqg fugraveula o lr snqKd Tjqka uacuteiska fYaaIaaGdecirclrKhg mentildeKss bEgraveszligma lrntildeka tlS yku uska Tjqkafa NdIKfha ksoyi iiumlnkaO uQsl whssjdislu lvuacutekehs fpdaokd lltd

tmuKla fkdj fjka mqjama jdrKhg muKla hga fldg fiuml mqjam ykiuml lsIacuteu Tjqkafa iudkdaudjfhka ilkq eicircfiuml whssh o lvlr weehs fpdaokd lltd fuu fpdaokdjg tfrys jQ rcfha ksfhdacH kvq wOHlaIjrhd frac34l lflta fmaiiumllrejkag tfia fpdaokd bEgraveszligma lsIacuteug kSHdkql+ whsshla fkdues njhss Bg fya=j jYfhka rcfha ksfhdacH kvq wOHlaIjrhd olajd isaacutefha zztu yku ksl=a fldg weafa Tjqkag tfrysj fkdj uqoslashKlre mldYl iy fnodyszligkakkag tfrysj njhs iSud lr weafa misoaO lsIacutefiuml whsshhs lshugravefiuml whssh wes jkafka misoaO lsIacuteu ksidh tfyhska misoaO fkdlrk fohla ksid lshugravefiuml whsshla wes fkdjk njg Tyq frac34l lltd

tfya fmaiiumllrejkafa frac34lh jQfha zzfdr=re nd kakdfa ksoyi NdIKfha ksoyi msltsn| uacuteIh iSudj =ltu mjsk njhs NdIKfha ksoyi hkak jvda wfrac34dkauacute lsIacuteug kiuml fdr=re yd woyia nd kakdfa ksoyi o mslts hq=hsZZ Tjqka frac34l lltd

Widuacutefha Skayumlj jQfha zzmcdkajdohla =lt fmdyuml ixjdoh jeoa fjhs mcdkajdoh mQfrac34K jYfhka nd ekSug kiuml fdr=re nd kakdfa whssjdisliuml o mslts hq=h hkak uyckhd bad isaacutek fohls mldYkhg yd NdIKhg wes ksoyi =lt fdr=re nkakdfa ksoyi o we=lta fjhs ta wkqj fmaiiumllrejkag 126 jHjiadj wkqj iyk baSug kSHdkql+ aajhla we tfya wfkla ishumlu uQsl whssjdisliuml jg sfnk iSudjka fdr=re nkakdfa uQsl whssjdislug o nmk njhs ^ YStawdfrac34 123amp

fuu kvq Skayuml oauacuteajhg wurj zuyck Ndrh isoaOdkahZ mokiuml lrksntildeka ja kvq Skayumljla 2005 jiffrac34sect fYaIaGdecirclrKh uacuteiska nd yumlkakd

isudiys mszligir mokug tEgraveszligj kdszligl ixjfrac34Ok

wecircldszligh isuacutea iudc ixuacuteOdkhla jk ziSudiys mszligir mokuZ uacuteiska fYaIaGdecirclrKh yuqfotilde fdkq llt fuu uQsl whssjdisliuml fmaiu uska lshd isaacutefha rchg wha fmdyuml foafmdltla iy uyckdjfa


uacutefkdao iadkhla jQ zduml uqjfodrmsaacutehZ ckdj plusmnkqja lsIacuteulska fdrj fmoasl iudula fj mjrdsectu kSs uacutefrdaeuml hehs mldY lrk fihs

zuyck NdrhZ ^ fuu isoaOdkah i|yd mokiuml jk uQOfrac34uh jkafka zzweeiuml iiumlma fmdyuml mdszligfNdackh i|yd iqrlaIs lsIacuteua wdKavqj uacuteiska uyckdjfa idOdrK mszligYSkh i|yd tajd mjajd fk hd hq=h ZZhkakhs amp hk isoaOdkah

u msysgd fdkq llt fuu fmaiu uacuteNd llt fYaIaGdecirclrKh fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml mldYs whsshla wdKavqlu jHjiafjys fkdues jqjo 14^1amp^wamp jHjiadj hgfa wdKavqlu jHjiadfjka iysl lr wes NdIKfha ksoyi iy mldYkh we=iquest woyia mlt lsIacutefiuml ksoyig uyck iqnisoaecirchg wodlt lreKq msltsn| fdr=re plusmnk ekSug hiuml mqoafhl=g wes whssh o we=lta jk nj SrKh lltd

fdr=re whssh yjqre llt fjka ffksl meyeEgraves lsIacuteiuml

YS xld wdKavqlu jHjiadj uska fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh iysl fldg kea rch uacuteiska mkjd wes mka lsysmhla uska fdr=re nd ekSug wes ysntildelu msltsn| bOtildes flfrkjd

1 1946 wxl 47 orK ks mldYk wdd mk

fuu mkg wkqj idudkH plusmnk ekSu i|yd wdKavqfotilde nh u mldYhg ma lrk jdfrac34djla fyda faLkhla misoaO lsIacuteu fyda kej Wmqgd plusmnlaugraveu fyda bka fldgila Wmqgd plusmnlaugraveu u hiuml lsisfjl=g isuacutea fyda wmrdO jlSula mejszligh fkdyels nj olajhs fuh fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh i|yd efnk mfotildeYhla jYfhka ielsh yelshs

2 1975 wxl 01 ork jaliuml nerliuml mldY lsIacutefiuml mk


fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh iysl flfrk ja mkla fi 1975 wxl 1 orK 1988 wxl 74 orK mkska ixfYdaecirc zzjaliuml nerliuml mldY lsIacutefiuml mk ZZ plusmnlauacuteh yelshs

fiuml hgfa mdfrac34sfiumlka= ukaSjre rdcH ksOdIacuteka fuka u jDaSh intildes kdhlhska ckudOHfotildesectka o ish jdfrac34Isl jaliuml nerliuml mldYhg ma llt hq=hs

3 ckmsjrK yd uy uesjrK mk

fuu mkg wkqj uesjrK i|yd r lrk ishumlu wfmalaIlhska ish jaliuml nerliuml mldYhg ma llt hq=hs

4 1987 wxl 15 orK mdfoaYSh iNd mk

1987 wxl 15 orK mdfoaYSh iNd mkfa 1112 1524 123^2amp 124 171 173 hk jkas wkqj mdfoaYSh iNdfotilde weeiuml fdr=re fj mfotildeY ugraveug ckdjg wjiadj ndsect we

5 ckudOH wdpdrOfrac34uhla fi ielSu

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh yd ckudOH wr mjskafka fkdigravecenth yels iiumlnkaOdjla ckdj uacuteiska ckudOH mszligyrKh lrkafka o fdr=re plusmnkekSug jk wr ckdj uacuteiska wfmalaId lrk tlS fdr=re ndsectu ckudOH i= mOdk ldfrac34hNdrhla jYfhka ieflkjd

fiuml aajh =lt ckudOH uacuteiska fdr=re nd kakd uQdY fylts fkdlsIacutefiuml sectfrac34gt iiumlmodhla ckudOH =lt mjsk wr fiuml jk uacuteg th wecirclrKh uacuteiska o msltskakd aajhla olajd jfrac34Okh ugrave sfnkjd

6 mqjama uKavh udOH wdpdr Ofrac34u ixyh

YS xld mqjama uKavh uacuteiska mkjd wes 19811014 Egravek orK wxl 162$ 5 ta ork xld wdKavqfotilde ws uacutefYaI eiUuml mh uska ydividekajd yumlka udOH wdpdrOfrac34u ixfha 4 jeks jkash olajd wes mszligEgrave zz iEu m ldfotildeEgravefhl= u ud fj hiuml fdr=rla imhk o ekeafl= uacuteiska ta ekeadfa wkkHdj fylts lsIacuteug nh fokafka kiuml ntildei ta fdr=re nd a ljr fyda mNjhka msltsn| ryiHdjh lsh hq=hZ fiuml jkash uska o udOHfotildesectka i= fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh iysl flfrkjd

7 lfrac34D ixio jDaSh wdpdrOfrac34u ixyh

YS xldfotilde mqjama ldfotildesectka fjkqfjka Nduacuted jk mOdk wpdrOfrac34u moaOsh jk zzlfrac34D ixio - jDaSh wdpdr Ofrac34u uddfotildeZZ 51 fdr=re j ryis uQdYh th wkdjrKh lsIacutefiuml wjirh ta uQdYfhka u fkdefnk dla la fyltsorotilde fkdlsIacutefiuml iodpdrdaul jlSula iEu mqjama ldfotildeEgravefhl= fju mejfrkafkah hk jkash uska wdrlaId flfrkafka ckudOHfotildesectka i= tlS ysntildeluhs


fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh iysl llt uacutefoaYSh rgja lsysmhl kvq Skayuml

fdr=re nd ekSfiuml whssh ffkslj iysl llt rgja ila fdalfha sfnkjd tfukau fndfyda rgjaj tu ksoyi msltsn| wecirclrK Skayuml uska o wfrac34lk ndsect sfnkjd

mNdoa tEgraveszligj bkasecth ixuh

^ tawhswdfrac34 1982 tiaiS 6 amp kvq Skayumlj wkqj isrlrejkafka iiumluqL idlEacutePd uska fdr=re nd ekSug mqjama ldfotildesectkag whssh wes nj msltsad

kdrdhka tEgraveszligj flarlt ^ bkaEgraveh kvq jdfrac34d 1973 amp kvqfotilde Skayumlj uska o fdr=re plusmnk ekSug wes whssh msltsa nj ieflkjd fuu kvqjg wodlt kvq ksntildea jQfha wawvx=fotilde isaacute mqoafhl=g lshugraveug fok fmdama ek iSud mekuacuteh yelso hkakhs

Skayumlj jQfha ysxikhg fmdltUjk uyck iduh lvlsIacuteug bjya jk fmdm ndsectu jeltelauacuteh yels kuqa fjka fmdama tfia ykiuml llt fkdyels njhs

NdIKfha ksoyi hkqfjka woyia jkafka wawvx=fotilde isaacutek mqoafhl=g jqja u woyia mldY lsIacuteug fmdm sugraveug lshugraveug yd wOHhkh lsIacuteug fyja fmdyumlfotilde plusmnkqu fyja fdr=re nd ekSug whssh sfnk njhs

viacuteska ldkad uOHiadkh tEgraveszligj whfrac34kah

^ 2910 92ta 246 amp fuu kvqfotildesect mjqa ieiqiuml WmfoaYljreka uacuteiska fdr=re ndsectuga iaSka uacuteiska ta fdr=re nd ekSua lltd fuu fdr=re kiuml whfrac34kahg msgska iacuteid lsIacuteu lrjd yels iadk ekhs

ta fdr=re ndsectug tfrysj ykiuml ksfhdah hqfrdamd iiumluqsfha 10 ^1amp jkashg mgyeKs nj SrKh flfrKd

fiuml iiumlnkaO ja iquacutefYaI kvq Skayumljla fi zhqfrdamd wecirclrKh bEgraveszligfha uacuteNd jQ zskafkaia kvqj Z iiumlnkaOfhka yumlka Skayumlj ielsh yelshs Profil kiuml iOtilderdfotilde ixialdrljrhd jk zskafakaia Z uacuteiska iiumlmdokh lrk o sms folla uska acuteiaaacutehdfotilde foaYmdkfhl= jQ flhsialsUuml keues foaYmdkhd uacutefotildepkh lrntildeka iiumlmdokh llt sms folla i|yd hqfrdamd wecirclrKh uacuteiska nd yumlka Skayumlj uska fdr=re plusmnk ekSug wes whssh msltsad

fndfyda udkj ysntildeliuml fukau fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh o iSud lsIacuteiuml lsysmhlg hgaj N=las uacutecenth yels ysntildelula nj msltskakjd ta nj cdHkar iiumluqs uska o msltsfk sfnkjd

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh iysl llt uacutefoaYSh kvq Skayuml


fdr=re whssh iSud llt cdHkar iiumluqs isuacutea yd foaYmdk whssjdisliuml msltsn| wkafrac34cdsl iiumluqsh (

isuacutea yd foaYmdk whssjdisliuml msltsn| wkafrac34cdsl iiumluqsfha 19 ^2amp ^ amp iy ^wdamp jkas uska bd meyeEgravesj tys 19 ^1amp jkash uska modkh llt fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh N=las uacutecenth yels fldkafoais ek i|yka flfrkjd

ta wkqj 19 ^2amp ^wamp jkash zwksla whfa whssjdisliumljg yd lSfrac34s kduhkag re lsIacuteu i|yd 19 ^2amp ^ wdamp cdsl wdrlaIdj fyda uyck iduh fyda uyck fiLHh yd iodpdrh lSu i|yd kSsfhysd uacuteecircuacuteOdk iid wead jQ o tajd uacuteh hq=hs

udkj whssjdisliuml msltsn| hqfrdamd iiumluqsh(

udkj whssjdisliuml msltsn| hqfrdamd iiumluqsfha 10 ^2amp jkash zzfuu ksoyi N=las uacutepoundu hq=liuml yd jlSiuml u nepound wes neuacuteka th kSsfhka olajd wes iy cdsl wdrlaIdj iduh igravepoundu fyda wmrdO ksjdrKh fiLH fyda iodpdrh lSu fiiaikafa lSfrac34sh fyda whsSka lSu ryfia nd a fdr=re wkdjrKh lsIacuteu jltldSu fyda wecirclrKfha n yd wmlaImdSajh mjajd ekSu i|yd mcddkasl iudchlg wjYH jk hiuml kshuhkag fldkafoaisjg iSudjg fyda o~qjiumljg hga llt yelshs

fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh iSud llt YS xldfotilde kSsIacutes

YS xldfotilde Nduacuted jk uacuteuacuteO wkq kSs yd mka uska fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whsshg Rcq fi ueEgraveya jk wdldrh plusmnlsh yelshs

1 wdKavqlu jHjiadfotilde 15 jeks jkash

fuyssect bEgraveszligfhkau isaacutekafka wdKavqlu jHjiadfotilde 15 ^2amp 15 ^7amp iy 15^8amp hk jkashs

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh iSud llt YS xldfotilde kSsIacutes

zz15^2amp jkashg wkqj 14 ^1amp ^wamp uska mqrjeishkag ysntilde whssjdisliuml N=lasuacutepoundu llt yelafla jdfrac34sl yd wdntildel iyfhdaSdj yjqre lsIacuteu

mdfrac34sfiumlka= jrmido wecirclrKhg wmydi lsIacuteu fyda

jrolg fmltUugraveu yd iiumlnkaOj kSsfhka kshu lrkq

nk iSudjkag hgajhZZ


15^2amp jkashg wkqj 14^1amp^wamp uska mqrjeishkag ysntilde whssjdisliuml N=lasuacutepoundu llt yelafla jdfrac34sl yd wdntildel iyfhdaSdj yjqre lsIacuteu mdfrac34sfiumlka= jrmido wecirclrKhg wmydi lsIacuteu fyda jrolg fmltUugraveu yd iiumlnkaOj kSsfhka kshu lrkq nk iSudjkag hgajh

15^7amp jkashg wkqj 14^1amp ys i|yka whssjdisliuml N+las uacutecenth yelafla cdsl wdrlaIdj rfUuml hd mejeau uyck fiLHh wdEgraveh imqrdSu i|yd yd yEgraveis kSsh lrk iSudjg hgajh

15^8amp jHjiadj hgfa plusmnlafjkafka 14 jk jHjiadj i|yd whssjkafka ikakoaO yuqodfotilde fmdSisfha idudethlhskag N=las uacutecenth yelafla

uacutekh msltsn| kSs Iacutesjg hgaj njhs

fuu jHjiadms iSud lsIacuteiumljg wurj fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml ksoyig nmdk ja mka lsysmhla plusmnlsh yelshs tajd wr

2 1955 wxl 32 orK ks ryia mk

cdsl wdrlaIdj iiumlnkaOfhka fuu mk uska iquacutefYaI wjOdkhla fhduq flfrkjd ta wkqj cdsl wdrlaIdj i|yd Nduacute lsIacuteug yels fyda woyia lrk NdKav ixuacuteOdk fyda wdhk ykiuml oE fyda iadk jYfhka mldYhg ma lsIacuteug fuu mkfa ^2amp jkash hgfa rchg nh mejfrkjd


fuu mk uska mldYhg ma lrk acutekEu iadkhlg fyda tjks iadkhl sfnk acutekEu fohlg ltOtildedugraveu mIacutelaId lsIacuteu miqlr hdu fyda jrola jYfhka ieflk wr acutekEu ks ryila fyda shuacuteala nd ekSu tl= lsIacuteu jdfrac34d lsIacuteu mlt lsIacuteu fyda Nduacute lsIacuteu fyda ja flfkl=g ikaksfotildeokh lsIacuteu fyda y=frl=g flskau fyda jldldrj mfhdackja jkafka hehs fyda uacuteh yels hehs kshu lr wes woyia lrk acutekEu fdr=rla ndsectu jrola jk wr jrolrejka jk wh o~qjug hga uacuteh hq=h fuu mkfa 29 jeks jkash wkqj zryia shuacuteala Zhkq ryis ks ixyhla isshula umlyq~q igykla ieiqula Ntildehla ieeiaul msgmla PdhdrEmhla wdofrac34Yhla fyda fjka ykiuml fohl fyda iadkhl ksfhdackhls

3 1947 wxl 25 orK uyck wdrlaIl wdd mk

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml ksoyi iiumlnkaOfhka jvda ydkslr mk jYfhka fuh ielsh yelshs fuu mkg nh ysntildejkafka wdKavqlu jHjiadfotilde 155 ^2amp jeks jkasfhka jk wr zzyEgraveis kSshZZ mekugraveu yd th lshdaul lsIacuteua fuu mk uska isyumlfjkjd fiuml mk wkqj zhqO mqja jdrKh ksis nOdIacuteka malsIacuteu udOH wdhk ykiuml lsIacuteu fyda iSa eicircu olajd ckdjfa NdIKfha yd mldYkfha whsshg wsIhska ndOd jk rdcH ueEgraveyaugraveiuml Kkdjla isyumlfjkjd

yEgraveis kSsh

uyck wdrlaIl mk hgfa mjrd wes n mldrj yEgraveis kSsh


mekugraveug ckmsjrhdg $ ckmsjszlighg nh mejfrkjd fiuml n hgfa mqja jdrKhla lshdaul lsIacuteug fukau udOH wdhk i|yd mjDas nOszligfhl= ma lsIacuteug o ckmsjrhdg yelsfjkjd tlS ma lsIacuteu wkqj ckudOH uska mlt llt hqafa l=ulao hkak msltsn|j SrKh lrk mOdk nOrhd jkafka mjDas nOdszlighdhs

yEgraveis kSs fr=dis WmfhdaS fldg ksntildeka YS xldfotilde udOH mdkh isyuml jQ wjiad Kkdjla miqsh ldh =lt jdfrac34d jqKd wea oji iegfrac34facirc szliguacuteotilde ikafacirc Svfrac34 yd Wohka jeks mqjama Kkdjla o jua uacuteoHqa udOH wdhk Kkdjlao yEgraveis kSsh uska djldslj jid plusmniumlud yEgraveis kSs fr=dis wdKavqlu jHjiadj uska iysl fldg wes zNdIKfha yd mldYkfha ksoyi Waxgtkh jk nj mjintildeka tu fr=dis wNsfhdahg la lrntildeka fYaaIaGdecirclrKh yuqjg sh wjiad Kkdjlao YS xld ckudOH bsydih =lt yuqfjkjd tajd wr

1 isszligjfrac34Ok tEgraveszligj shkfa iy fjka wh ^ 1982 amp

2 uacuteluisxy tEgraveszligj chisxy - 1994

3 wfiacutefialr tEgraveszligj rEnisxy - 1999

4 Svfrac34 miacutesflaIka tEgraveszligj rEnisxy

5 mikak uacutedkfa tEgraveszligj ira wuqKqu

6 lfrac34Djrekafa ixioh tEgraveszligj rEnisxy wdEgrave kvq plusmnlauacuteh yelshs

uyck wdrlaIl mk hgfa mkjk yEgraveis wjiad fr=dis uska zhqo mqja jdrKhla Z o mekfjk wdldrh plusmnlsh yelshs uacutefYaIfhka YS xldj miqsh ldfha uqyqK yumlka hqouh aajh yuqfotilde wjiad Kkdjlsect hqo mqja jdrKhla mekugraveug wdKavqj mshjr ad

tyssect uyck wdrlaIl mkfa 5 jeks jkash wkqj zzixfotildesect hqo fdr=re mldYhg ma lsIacuteu yd iiumlfmaIKh lsIacuteu Z ykiuml lrntildeka wjiad Kkdjlsect jdrK mekjQjd fuu ksfhda uska ckdjg fdr=re plusmnkekSug wes whssh Waxgtkh jk nj meyeEgravesj plusmnlauacuteh yelshs

4 1973 wxl 5 orK mqjama uKav mk

mqjama uKav mk mkjk oafoa ckudOH ksoyi wdrlaId lsIacuteu fjkqfjka jqja ta =lt wkafrac34 weeiuml jkas uska ckdjfa fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml ksoyig wes whssh meyeEgraves fiu iSud jk wdldrh plusmnlsh yelshs mqjama uKav mkfa 16 ^1amp wudH uKavfha iaugraveul lghq= hehs fyda ta lghq= j hiuml fldgila hehs ieflk lsisu lreKla lsis u ekeafl= uacuteiska lsisu mqjaml mlt lsIacuteu fyda mlt lrugraveu fkdllt hq=h

^2amp wamp hiuml wudHjrfhl= uacuteiska fyda ishumlu wudHjreka uacuteiska fyda hiuml wudHjrfhl=g fyda ishumlu wudHjrhkag fyda wudH uKavfha faliumlg fyda tu faliuml uacuteiska hjk o hiuml lsis shuacuteal wvx= foa hhs fyda wvx= foaj hiuml


fldgila hehs ieflk hiuml lreKla fyda ^wdamp wudH uKavfha SrKhla hhs fyda SrKhl hiuml fldgila hhs fyda ieflk hiuml lreKla mqjama j mlt lsIacuteu i|yd wudH uKavfha faliuml uacuteiska wkqu lrkq en wefda ntildei lsisu ekeafl= uacuteiska lsis u mqjaml mlt lsIacuteu fyda mlt lrugraveu fkdllt hq=hZz fuu jkash uskao fdr=re oek ekSug wes whsshg Rcqj ndOd ta fjkjd

5 1979 wxl 48 orK iajdoh jeltelaugravefiuml mk

udOH ksoyi flfrys nmjajk plusmnauml kSshla jYfhka 1979 wxl 48 orK iajdoh jeltelaugravefiuml mk ielsh yelshs fuu mkfa 4 jeks fldgfia 14 jeks jkasfha 111111 jkas uska ckdjg fdr=re plusmnkekSug wes whssh wNsfhdahg la lrkjd wsIhska uacutejdodaul mkla jk fiuml uska miqsh ldh =lt ckudOHfotildesectka Kkdjla

wawvx=jg ma jqKd ta wr mlgu isoaecirch jkafka zsiaikdhiumlZ keues udOHfotildeEgravehd wawvx=jg ekSfiuml isoaecirchhs

6 wdhk ixyh ckdjg fdr=re plusmnkekSug wes whsshg iSud mkjk ja wxYhla jYfhka 19711215 jeks sect ydividekajd yumlka zzwdhk ixyh ZZ bEgraveszligfhkau isaacutekjd wdhk ixyfha 31 jeks mszligEacutefthornofha 3 jeks jkash ^ 1-5amp iy 2 ldKavfha 47 jeks mszligfthornofha 6 jeks jkash wkqj fuu iSud lsIacutefiuml isyumlfjkjd zzhd aajh mldY lsIacuteug muKla iSud jQ hiuml fdr=rla jqj o mlt lsIacutefuka uqiquest rchu fyda rcfha hiuml wdhkhla fyda ksOdszligfhl= fyda wiSre aajhg maugraveug bv wefda tndivide fdr=re ksl=a fkdllt hq=h iel iys wjiadjlsect wodlt wudHjrhd uacuteuid lshd llt hq=hZZ

wdhk ixyfha plusmnlafjk mszligEgrave lsishiuml rdcH wdhkhlg wha ks fdr=re ckudOH fj fyda ckdj fj ksl=a lsIacutefiumlsect wodlt wudHxYfha faliumljrhdfa fyda fomdfrac34fiumlka= mOdkshdfa wkquesh wjYH fjkjd wodlt fdr=re ndsectu isyumljkafka Tjqfa wNsuh mszligEgravehs

7 oacuteg wurj 1912 wxl 07 orK uyck mofrac34Yk mk 1927 wxl 04 ork wYaS mldYk wdd mk 1958 wxl 41 ork wdiuml uacutefrdaeuml mldYk mk hk mka uska o fdr=re whssh iSud flfrk njla plusmnlsh yelshs

ckudOHfotildesect tia fEcirc ugrave siaikdhiuml


fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh Egravekd ekSug a Waidyhka

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml ksoyi YS xld wdKavqlu jHjiadj =ltskaau Egravekd ekSfiuml kefyda iysl lr ekSfiuml Waidyhka lsysmhla miqsh ldh =lt ork o wdldrh plusmnlsh yelshs

ta iiumlnkaOfhka a uqau Waidyh jdfrac34d jkafka 1995 jiffrac34secths 1994 jiffrac34sect nhg ma fmdyuml ck tlaia fmruqKq wdKavqj ish uesjrK msmas mldYkh uska bEgraveszligma llt udOH msixialrK ieiqu fiuml i|yd uQsl waumldu iiumlmdokh lltd

wdfrac34 fla viacutesotilde =Kfialr lntildegq jdfrac34dj - 1994

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh Egravekd ekSug a Waidyhka


ta wkqj hntildeka 1994 jiffrac34sect z udOH msixialrKjg iy woyia mldY lsIacutefiuml ksoyig nmdk kSsuh msixialrK i|yd Wmfoia sectuZZ msKsi ckudOH ixpdrl yd isuacutea =jka fiajd weues Ofrac34uisszlig fiakdkdhl uyd uacuteiska kSs wdfrac34flaviacutesotilde =Kfialr uydfa iNdmSajfhka WmfoaYl lntildegqjla ma lltd fuu fldntildeIfiuml fiiq idudethlhska fi YsrdKs nKavdrkdhl frdydka tEgraveszligisxy AEligIka rdclreKdkdhl chiumlms uacutelurak iy cduacuteacirc hQiqma lshd llt wr miqj uacutelagfrac34 =Kjfrac34Ok iy iQszlighd uacuteluisxy hk who ma lltd

1996 uehs 27 jeks Egravek bEgraveszligma lrk o wdfrac34 flaviacutesotilde =Kfialr lntildegqfotilde wjika jdfrac34dj uska my plusmnlafjk ksfrac34foaY we=lta fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh iysl lrk mkla fk wd hq= njg ksfrac34foaY bEgraveszligma lrk o wr tjlg flgqiumlma lrntildeka mejes wNskj wdKavqlu jHjiadjg tu ixfYdaOk we=lta uacuteh hq= nj o ksfrac34foaY lltd

1 fdr=re fylts lsIacuteu Iacutesh jk yd Bg wes iSud jHdsffrac34lh jk

2 iEu mqoafhl=gu fdr=re i|yd iudk mfotildeYhla wes lrk

3 fdr=re fkdsect isagraveug fya= hqlas iy lsIacutefiuml Ndrh wdKavqj u megfjk

4 wksis fi fdr=re ndsectu mslafIam lrk uacuteg iyk bad wecirclrKhg hEug yels jk hkdsect ksfrac34foaY wdfrac34 fla viacutesotilde =Kfialr lntildegqfotilde wjika jdfrac34dj uska bEgraveszligma lltd

tfya 2000 jiffrac34sect flgqiumlma lsIacuteu ksu jQ wNskj jHjiadj =lt fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh we=lta jkas snqfKa keye tu jHjiadj o iiumlu lr ekSug fkdyels jqKd fiuml aajh fya=fjka fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh iysl lsIacuteu i|yd a mu mhakh widfrac34l jqKd

YS xld kSs fldntildeIu- 1996 wdfrac34 flaviacutesotilde =Kfialr lntildegqj lshdaul jk ldfhasect tkiuml 1996 jiffrac34sect wdfrac34 icirc wurisxy uacuteksiqre=udfa kdhlajfhka hqa zYS xld kSs fldntildeiuZ uacuteiska o fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh iysl lsIacuteu iiumlnkaO mkla flgqiumlma lltd dkqqsl jQ o wkafrac34cdsl mntildeSkafka fdr jQ o fuu flgqiumlm hiuml ixjdohlg la jQ kuqa mdfrac34sfiumlka=jg bEgraveszligma lsIacuteula isyuml jqfKa keye

fldltU mldYkh 1998 1998 wfmaa ui 27-29 hk Egravekj mejes jevuqiquestjlska miqj ksl=a llt zudOH ksoyi yd iudc jlSu msltsn| fldltU mldYkfhysZ wdfrac34 fla viacutesotilde =Kfialr lntildegq jdfrac34dj uacuteiska bEgraveszligma llt ksfrac34foaY my olajd wes wdldrfhka wjOdrKh lltd

zzks ryia hkak mqiquesta yd wkshntilde fi ksfrac34jpkh lr wes ks ryia mk wfydais fldg ta fjkqjg fdr=re fylts lsIacuteu idudkH msltsfj yd ryisNdjh jHdsffrac34lh fi ilk fdr=re ksoyi msltsn| mkla mekuacuteh hq=h tu mkfys uacuteksuacuteONdjh iy uacutejD


rdcH hdkaKhl uQOfrac34u msltsigraveUq uacuteh hq=hZZ

fldltU mldYkfhys we=lta fhdackd flfrys mejes wdKavqj hyma mspdr fkdplusmnlajQ fyhska tu fhdackd lshdjg mszligjfrac34kh ugraveula isyuml jqfKa keye tfya 2001 foieiumlnfrac34 05 jeks Egravek mejes uy uesjrKfhka nhg ma tlaia cdsl mlaI wdKavqj tlS fhdackd ek Okdaul mspdr plusmnlajQjd

2002 jiffrac34sect wues rksa uacuteluisxy uydfa wdKavqj fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh msltsn| mkla flgqiumlma lsIacuteu i|yd lntildegqqjla ma lltd wues rksa uacuteluisxy uydfa mOdkajfhka hqa fuu lntildegqjg uska ilia llt mka flgqiumlm 2003 jiffrac34sect leigravekUuml uKavh uacuteiska o wkqu lltd tfya 2004 jiffrac34 uOH Ndfha sect ckmsksh uacuteiska tcdm wdKavqj uacuteiqrejd yeIacuteu iu fuu mk wfydais jqKd

tcksi uesjrK fmdfrdkayumljla

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml ksoyi Egravekd ekSfiuml uka ufa bd jeoa wjiadjla 2004 jiffrac34 iksgqyka jqKd tu jiffrac34 mejes uy uesjrKh i|yd bEgraveszligma jQ tlaia ckd ksoyia ikaOdkh ish uesjrK msmas mldYkfha bd meyeEgravesj fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh jHjiadms ysntildelula njg ma lrk nj fmdfrdkayuml jqKd tys zudOH ksoyi Z hk mszligEacutefthornofha wxl wxl 5 hgfa fufia i|yka jqKd zz ckdjg ljr fyda ndOdjlska fdrj fdr=re plusmnk

ekSug wes whssh rch uska iqrlaIs lrkq efiacute ljr aajhlsect jqj fdr=re plusmnk ekSug wes whsshg tfrysj rch mshjr fkdkakd wr th wdKavqlu jHjiadj uska o ikd lrkq efiacuteZ hkqfjkqhs tlaia ckd ksoyia ikaOdkh u uesjrK msmas mldYkfha fiuml wdldrfhka i|yka lr snqK o Tjqka 2015 ckjdIacute olajd jQ mdk ldh =lt uacutemlaIh uacuteiska fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh yd iiumlnkaOfhka bEgraveszligma llt mka flgqiumlma folla mrdchg ma lsIacuteug mshjr ad muKla fkdj fmdfrdkayuml mldrj tjeks mkla bEgraveszligma lsIacuteu o lflta keye

ntildeskao fudrfdv - 2009

hltsa jrla fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh iiumlnkaOfhka lsishiuml wjOdkhla fhuq jQfha 2009 jiffrac34secths tlaia ckd ksoyia ikaOdk wdKavqfotilde wecirclrK weuesjrhdj isaacute ntildeskao fudrfdv uyd uacuteiska fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml ksoyi iysl flfrk mkla flgqiumlma lsIacutefiuml mhakhla 2009 jiffrac34sect oerejd tfya 2010 jiffrac34 mejs uy usjrKfhka ta uyd mrdch ugraveua iu ta Waidyh o wdidfrac34l jqKd


uacutemlaI kdhl rksa uacuteluisxy 2010

2010 jiffrac34 cQks udifhasect tlaia cdsl mlaI kdhl yd uacutemlaI kdhl rksa uacuteluisxy uyd uacuteiska o fmoasl ukaS fhdackdjla fi fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml ksoyi we=lta mka flgqiumlmla bEgraveszligma lltd th kHdh mqialhg we=lta lsIacuteu mjd mslafIam llt wdKavqj mldY lflta uacutemlaI kdhljrhdg fmoasl mka flgqiumlmla bEgraveszligma llt fkdyels njhs tcdm ksfhdacH kdhl lre chiQszligh uyd uacuteiska 2010 iemaeiumlnfrac34 23 jeksod keja fmoasl mka flgqiumlmla fi tcdm kdhlhd uacuteiska bEgraveszligma llt mka flgqiumlm mdfrac34sfiumlka=jg bEgraveszligma lltd

fiuml wjiadfotilde wdKavq mlaIfha mOdk ixuacuteOdhljrhd jQ weues EgravefkaIa =Kjfrac34Ok uyd mldY lflta lre chiQszligh uyd bEgraveszligma llt mka flgqiumlm yl=ltd hq= nja wdKavqj udi 06 la =lt tjeks mka flgqiumlmla mdfrac34sfiumlka=jg bEgraveszligma lrk njhs tksid lre chiQszligh uyd ud uacuteiska bEgraveszligma llt mka flgqiumlm bja lrad

tcdm ksfhdacH kdhl lre chiQszligh 2011 cQks 21

wdKavqj fmdfrdkayuml jQ wdldrhg udi 06 la =lt fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh iiumlnkaO mka flgqiumlmla mdfrac34sfiumlka=jg bEgraveszligma fkdllt ksid 2011 jiffrac34 cQks 21 jeks Egravek tlaia cdsl mlaIfha ksfhdacH kdhl lre chiQszligh uyd uacuteiska zzfmoasl ukaSjrfhl=fa mka flgqiumlmla ZZ jYfhka fdr=re nd ekSfiuml ksoyi iiumlnkaO rksa uacuteluisxy uyd uacuteiska bEgraveszligma llt mka flgqiumlm hlts mdfrac34sfiumlka=jg bEgraveszligma lltd fiuml wjiadfotildesect tjlg mejes wdKavqfotilde mnfhl= jQ wdfrac34Oacutel ixjfrac34Ok weues neisa rdcmlaI lre chiQszligh uydg wodlt mka flgqiumlm mdfrac34sfiumlka=jg bEgraveszligma lsIacuteug bv fokjdo hkak ek mdfrac34sfiumlka=fotilde Pkaohla mejea uacuteh hq= njg fhdackd lltd tu mka flgqiumlm mdfrac34sfiumlka=jg bEgraveszligma lsIacuteug uacutereoaOj Pkao 99 la enqKq wr mlaIj enqfKa Pkao 32 la muKhs fuu flgqiumlm mdfrac34sfiumlka=fotilde wsnyqr Pkaofhka mrdchg ma jqKd


fdr=re whssh ek wmQre ldjla

YS xldfotilde fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh Egravekd ekSfiuml uka u msltsn| uacuteuid neSfiumlsect plusmnlsh yels iqN aajhla jkafka th wsIhska wiSre Waidyhla muKla fkdj uacuteuacuteO flkyssliumljg o la jQ ukla njhs

fiuml iiumlnkaOfhka Egraveh yels lEgraveu WodyrKhla jkafka lre chiQszligh uydfa mka flgqiumlm mdfrac34sfiumlka=jg bEgraveszligma lsIacuteug mjd bv fkdyumlka tlaia ckd ksoyia ikaOdk wdKavqfotilde ^ 2005-15amp

ckdecircms uyskao rdcmlaI uyd wrshy ukaEgraverfhasect mejes ckudOH mOdkSkafa udisl yuqfotildesect llt nj lshk ldjhs lre chiQszligh uyd uacuteiska fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml mka flgqiumlm bEgraveszligma lsIacuteug a Waidyh mrdchg ma llt miq Egravekl wrshy ukaEgraverfha mejes ckudOH mOdkSkafa yuqfotildesect tlard mqjaml lfrac34Djrfhl= zzfdr=re mk fk tkafka kesplusmnhs ZZ ckmsjrhdfka uacuteuiQ wjiadfotildesect ckms uyskao rdcmlaI uyd mldY lr weafa zz fudlgo mkla Th fdr=re yeu eku sfhkafka jqjukd kiuml ufka bakak ux lshkakiuml ZZ lshdhs

hymdkh iysl llt fdr=re oekekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mk

xldfotilde ckdj fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdislu Egravekd ekSug sectfrac34gt ldhla mqrd wr lltd talg fya= jqfKa jauka wdKavqlu jHjiadj uska NdIKfha mldYkfha we=iquest woyia mltlsIacutefiuml ksoyi uQsl whssjdislula fi msltsfk snqKa ta =lt fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh wkafrac34 fkdugraveuhs

oacuteg byska i|yka llt wdldrhg ckdjg fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh wes nj fYaIaGdecirclrK kvq Skayuml lsysmhla uska ^ uacuteua fmffrac34rd tEgraveszligj =jka uacuteyumls ixiadj amp tlS whssh msltsaa th lsisfiaa mudKja jqfKa keye ta fjkqjg

CckudOH yd mdfrac34sfiumlka= msixialrK weues hka lreKdsl


mudKja jqfKa keye ta fjkqjg uacuteuacuteOdldr kSs yd wdhk ixy yryd fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh iSud lsIacuteu wLKavj yd mn isyuml jqKd

fiuml uska isyumljqfKa rfUuml wai yenIKh yd wldfrac34hlaIudj jfrac34Okh ugrave rg plusmnjeka wdOhla lrd hEuhs fuys l+Gmdmash miqsh 2005-15 ldhfhasect igyka jqKd 1994 isg wdriumlN ugrave mK wEgraventildeka snQ fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdislu Egravekd ekSfiuml wrh hlts mK eysd wdfotilde fiuml ksihs fiuml wrhg furg uacuteoaj=ka isuacutea iudc lshdldIacuteka ckudOHfotildesectka fukau foaYmdkhska uacuteYd msszligila Wr yumlkakd

fiuml wrfha uacutechyKh miqsh 2015 ckjdIacute 08 jeks Egravek wdriumlN jqKd ffuSmd isszligfiak ckdecircms=udfa iy wues rksa uacuteluisxy uydfa mOdkajfhka hqa wdKavqj fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh iiumlnkaOfhka bdu Okdaul yd bEgraveszligdoacute mshjrla enqjd

ta wdKavqj uacuteiska wodlt mka flgqiumlm iiumlmdokh lrkq fjkqjg ta jlSu furg isuacutea iudcfha uacuteoaj=ka msszligilg mejIacuteu uska tu uacuteoaja lntildegqj sectfrac34gt lshdjshlska miq wodlt mka flgqiumlm ilia lltd th xld bsydifha isuacutea iudc odhlajfhka iiumlmdEgrave tlu kSsh uacuteh yelshs

fuu lKavdhu uacuteiska iiumlmdokh llt fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssjdislu msltsn| mk fdalfha fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml mka wr 07 jekshg fyd|u mk nj lekvdj flakaoslash lr a zzkSsh yd mcdkajdoh i|yd jk wdhkhZ uacuteiska kiuml lltd tal YS xldfotilde mqrjeishka fi wm ishuml fokd enQ chyKhla fiuml yryd xldfotilde mcdkajdoh iadjr jkjd muKla fkdfjhs cdHkarh bEgraveszligfha rfUuml aajh jvda yjqre fjkjd 2016 cQks 24 jeksod fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml mka flgqiumlm iiumlu ugraveu iu tu wrfha iajfrac34Kuh fudfyd iksgqyka jqKd

fkdhduhs fiuml ksid fdr=re mk ek uacutelDs ujdo jfau jerEgrave ujdo o wes jqKd

fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mkfa mQfrac34uacuteldj uska fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml mk l=ula i|yd o lshk tl jgyd ekSug mqiquestjka tys fufia i|yka fjkjd

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mk iiumlu jQ uacuteg ckdj =lt zzfudllao fiuml fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mk lshd lshkafka Z hk mYakh wes jqKd talg fya=j jqfKa xldfotilde mOdk Odrdfotilde ckudOH fiuml ek ckdjg plusmnfkk ixjdohla fk fkdhduhs fiuml ksid fdr=re mk ek


zzfdr=rejg mfotildeY ugraveug wes whssjdislu iiumlnkaOfhka uacuteecircuacuteOdk ieiSu i|yd o fdr=re fj mfotildeYugraveu mslafIam llt yels fya= ksYaNtildej plusmnlaugraveu i|yd o fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdislu msltsn| fldntildeika iNdj msysgqugraveu i|yd o ksOrhka ma lsIacuteu i|yd o fdr=re nd ekSu i|yd jk lshdmaacutemdaacuteh ksYaNtildej plusmnlaugraveu iy Bg iiumlnkaO fyda wkqIxsl ldrKd i|yd uacuteecircuacuteOdk ieiSu msKsi o jQ mklsZZ

zzwdKaavqlu jHjiadfotilde 14 ^wamp jHjiadj uska fdr=re i|yd mfotildeY ugravefiuml whssh yjqre lr wes neuacuteka iy fdr=re nd ekSfiuml

whssjdislu ndaul lsIacuteu uska fmdyuml wecircldszligj uacuteksuacuteONdjh iy jlSu msltsn| ixialDshla fmdaIKh lsIacutefiuml wjYHdjla mek keOtildeS wes neuacuteka o tuska YS xldfotilde uyckdjg hymdkh i|yd jeauml jYfhka iyNds uacuteh yels iy rfUuml fmdyuml ck Ocircuacutefhasect ilsh fi iyNds uacuteh yels iudchla mjfrac34Okh jk neuacuteka o YS xld mcddkasl iudcjdsect ckrcfha mdfrac34sfiumlka=j uacuteiska fufia mkjkq efiacuteZZ

fiuml mQfrac34uacuteldj wkqj fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssjdislu uska YS xldfotilde uyckdjg hymdkh i|yd jeauml jYfhka iyNdS ugravefiuml

zzfdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdislu uska YS xldfotilde uyckdjg

hymdkh i|yd jeauml jYfhka iyNdS ugravefiuml wjiadjla jfau rfUuml fmdyumlck Ocircuacutefhasect ilsh fi iyNdsuacuteh yels mszligirhla o ksfrac34udKh

lrkjdZZ


wjiadjla jfau rfUuml fmdyumlck Ocircuacutefhasect ilsh fi iyNdsuacuteh yels mszligirhla o ksfrac34udKh lrkjd

nd yels fdr=re fukjdo

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml msltsn| mka flgqiumlmfa 1 jk fldgfia 3 jk jkasfha zfdr=rejg mfotildeYugravefiuml whssjdisluZek i|yka fjkjd ta wkqj fuu mkfa 5 jk jkasfha uacuteecircuacuteOdkjg hgaj zfmdyuml wecircldszlighlZ ikalfha Ndrfha fyda mdkfha wes fdr=rejg mfotildeYugravefiuml whssjdislu iEu mqrjeisfhl=gu ysntildefjkjd

fmdyuml wecircldszlighla lshkafka l=ulao

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml msltsn| mka flgqiumlmfa 43 jk jkash ^ wfrac34 ksrEmKhamp =lt zfmdyuml wecircldszlighZ lshkafka l=ulao lshd ^ w-acute olajdamp bd meyeEgravesj wfrac34 ksrEmKh lrd sfnkjd

ta wkqj fmdyuml wecircldszlighla hkakg my i|yka wdhk wha fjkjd

w wdKavqfotilde wudHdxYhla

wd wdKavqlu jHjiadj fyda ^bamp fthornoh hgfa ksYaNtildej olajd wes mudKhg yer 2007 wxl 07 ork iudiuml mk yer hiuml sAring kSshla fyda mltda iNdjl mmashla uska fyda hgfa msysgqjk o hiuml uKavhla fyda ldfrac34hdhla

we wdKavqfotilde fomdfrac34fiumlka=jla

wE rdcH ixiadjla

b ish fldgiajska ishhg 25 la fyda bka jeauml mudKhla rch fyda rdcH ixiadjla fyda rch iy rdcH ixiadjla tl=j orkq nk iy 2007 wxl 7 ork iudiuml mk hgfa ixiad lrk o iudula

B mltda mdk wdhkhla

W wdKavqfotilde fyda tys ksfhdacHdkhl fyda mltda mdk wdhkhl fldkada=jla yjqa jHdmdrhla suacuteiqula fyda nmhla hgfa jHjiadms fyda fmdyuml lfrac34jHhla bgq lrk tfya ta jHjiadms fyda fmdyuml fiajdjkafka wdjrKh jQ lshdldrlula mudKhlg muKla iSud jQ fmoasl ysntildeldIacuteajhla fyda ixuacuteOdkhla

W mltda iNdjla uacuteiska msysgqjk o fyda wes lrk o hiuml fomdfrac34fiumlka=jla fyda fjka wecircldszlighla fyda whkhla

t uyckdj fj fiajhla ndfokq nk iy bad isaacutek o fdr=re uyckdj fj ndfokq nk fiajhg wodlt jkdla yumlrg wdKavqj fyda hiuml fomdfrac34fiumlka=jla fyda mltda iNdjla uska msysgqjk o fyda wslrk o fjka wecircldszlighla fyda uacutefoaYSh wdKavqjla fyda cdHkar ixuacuteOdkhla uska ielsh hq= mudKhla wruqoa ihkq nk rdcH fkdjk ixuacuteOdkhla

ta fmoasl uacuteYajuacuteoHd iy jDaSh wdhk we=iquestj Wiia wOHdmk wdhk


T jDaSh fyda ldfrac34ntildel wOHdmkh nd fok wdhk we=iquestj mqoasl wOHdmk wdhk

acute hqlash mis|Su i|yd wes fldg msysgqjk o wecirclrK uacuteksYaph wecirclrK yd wdhk

hkdEgraveh zfmdyuml wecircldszligh Z jYfhka ieflkjd

fuyssect zrdcH fkdjk ixuacuteOdkZ hkqfjka woyia jkafka iafotildeEacutePd moku u mqoa lKavdhula uacuteiska wslrk o rcfha fyda cdHkar ixuacuteOdkjska Rcqj fyda jlj wruqoa efnk rdcH fkdjk wdldrfha ixuacuteOdk wha fjkjd

fiuml whssjdislug fjka kSs uska nmEiuml ta fjkjdo fuu smsfha by mszligEacutefthornohl fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdislug nmEiuml llt fjka kSs ek i|yka lltd

taa fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mk uska tlS ishuml ndOd lsIacuteiuml bja lrntildeka mqrjeishdg wes fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdislu iqrlaIs lrd sfhkjd

ta mkfa 4 jeks jkash uska tys fufia i|yka fjkjd

zzfjka hiuml sAring kSshl uacuteecircuacuteOdkjg mgyeksj l=ula i|ykaj we o fiuml mkfa uacuteecircuacuteOdk ndaul uacuteh hq= wr ta wkqj fiuml mkfa uacuteecircuacuteOdk iy fjka hiuml sAring kSshl uacuteecircuacuteOdk wr wkkql+djla fyda eagraveula wes wjiadjl fiuml mkfa uacuteecircuacuteOdk ndaul uacuteh hq=hZZ

fiuml wkqj meyeEgravesj fmkS hkafka fdr=re mk uska mqrjeishdg ndsect wes whssjdislu bdua iqrlaIs fukau meyeEgraves njhs


fdr=re nd yels wdhk

fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mk uska mqrjeishkag fdr=re nd yels wdhk ek i|yka fjkjd

ta rdcH wdhk jHjiadms wdhk iy rdcH fldgia 25] g jvd sfnk wdhk fuu mkfa uacuteecirc uacuteOdkjg hga fjkjd tfukau fiuml mkfa ja iquacutefYaIajhla sfnkjd ta fuu

mkg wkqj fdr=re ndsectug nepound isaacutekafka rdcH fyda wfrac34O rdcH wdhk muKla fkdfjhs tyssect rdcH fkdjk ixuacuteOdk o ^ rcfha wruqoa fyda uacutefoaY wruqoa nk amp mqrjeishkag fdr=re ndsectug nepound isaacutekjd fuu jkash bkaEgravehdfotilde fdr=re mk =lt o kes iquacutefYaI aajhla

ishagu byltska mk lshdaul fjkjd

fdr=re mk iiumlu ugraveu iu oacuteg wodltj plusmnkg sfnK kSs wKmka fr=dis ishagu byltska fuu kSsh lshdaul fjkjd mk uOtildeska wdjrKh jk wdhkj fdr=re ksOdszligfhla isaacutekjd tu ksOdszlighd fjska wodlt fdr=re bad isaacuteh yelshs tjeks baSula bEgraveszligma jQ uacuteg ksYaNtilde ld iSudjla =ltsect wodlt fdr=r ndsectug tu ksOdszlighd nesect isaacutekjd fdr=re bak mqoahd tfia fdr=re baSug fya=j bEgraveszligma lsIacuteu wjYH keye fiuml fdr=re nd ekSu fjkqfjka hiuml dia=jla fdr=re

bak mqoahd uacuteiska fuacuteh hq=hs fdr=re ksOdszlighd wodlt fdr=r ndsectu msfCIam lrkafka kiuml Bg fya= plusmnlauacuteh hq=hs hiuml fya=jla ksid wodlt fdr=re nd sectu mslafIam lltfyda fyda mqrjeishd tlS fdr=re ek Dmasua fkdjqKfyda Bg uacutereoaOj wNshdpkd wjiad Kkdjla mk uska fdr=re baumliumllreg nd sect sfnkjd

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml kSsh hgfa fdr=re nd fkdfok

fCIa fiuml iiumlnkaOfhka msmdok we=lta jkafka fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mka flgqiumlmfa 5 w- acute amp olajd i|yka fjkjd

ta wkqj

w mqoasl fdr=rejg wodlt fdr=re

fuu fdr=re ndsectu my i|yka fya= wkqj mslafIam llt yelshs

1 fdr=re fyltsootilde lsIacuteu hiuml fmdyuml lghqlala fyda iiumlnkaOdjla fkdues wjiadjlsect

2 mqoafhl=fa mqoaslajh wkjirfhka wdluKh lsIacuteula isyumljk uacuteg tu fdr=re ndsectu mslafIam llt yelshs

tfya fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mka flgqiumlmfa i|yka wdldrhg

1 tu fdr=re hiuml fmdyuml lghqlala yd iiumlnkaOhla mjS kiuml


2 tu fdr=re fyltsorotilde lsIacuteu uacuteYd uyck iiumlnkaOdjla uacuteiska idOdrKSlrKh lrhs kiuml tu fdr=re ndsectug isyumlfjkjd

by i|yka jk fdr=re ndsectu my plusmnlafjk lreKq fya=fjka o mslafIam llt

yelshs w rdcH wdrlaIdjg fyda rfUuml fNntildel wLKavdjg fyda cdsl wdrlaIdjg nrmlt fi wsodhl wjiadjl

wd tu fdr=re hiuml rchla fyda cdHkar kSsh hgfa jQ wkafrac34cdsl suacuteiqiuml fyda nepoundiuml uacuteiska ryisj ndyumlka fyda ryisj nda wjiajl

we tu fdr=re fyltsorotilde lsIacuteu tu rch fyda cdHkar kSsh hgfa jQ wkafrac34cdsl suacuteiqiuml fyda nepoundiuml iu YS xldfotilde wes in|djg wdsdoacute fyda wsdoacute uacuteh yels wjiadjl

tu fdr=re fylts lsIacuteu

w uacuteksuh wkqmudKh fyda uacutefoaY yqjudre kqfokq mdkh lsIacuteug

wd nexl= lghq= fyda Kh lghq= uacuteecircua lsIacuteug

we nyuml mekugraveug

wE NdKav yd fiajdj ntilde iadjrj mjajd ekSu mdkh iy eltmSug l=S iy wfkl=a msszligjeh iy fEacutek wkqmudKh jegqma i wfkl=a wdodhiuml fyda

b uacutefoaY fjflt| suacuteiqiumljg

we=lta ugraveug wodltj wdKavqfotilde wdfrac34Oacutel fyda uQHuh msmas fjkia lsIacuteug fyda fkdlvjd mjajdfk hEu iiumlnkaO SrK ksis llg fmr fyltsorotilde lsIacuteu uska YS xldfotilde wdfrac34Oacutelhg nrmlt wshla isyumluacuteh yels wjiadjl fdr=re fyltsorotilde lsIacuteu mslafIam llt yelshs


nqoaecircuh foafmdlta mkg hga fjkjdo

2003 wxl 36 ork nqoaecircuh foafmdlt mk hgfa wdrlaId lr wes jdKsc ryia fjflt| ryia fyda nqoaecircuh foafmdlt we=iquest fdr=re fyltsorotilde lsIacuteu hiuml =kajk mdfrac34Yajhl rldIacute aajhg wyslr fi nmdkafka kiuml tu fdr=re ndsectua fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mk uska mslafIam llt yelshs

wmrdO yd wmrdO uacuteufrac34Ykjsect fdr=re ysntildelug l=ula fotildeo

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdislu wmrdO yd wmrdO uacuteufrac34Ykh yd iiumlnkaO wjiadjsect o mqrjeishkag ysntildejkafka keye ta nj mkla flgqiumlmfa 5 Wamp Wm jkash uska meyeEgravesj olajd sfnkjd ta wkqj

1 hiuml wmrdOhla jeltelaugraveu fyda ta msltsn|j fidhdekSu fyda

jrolrejka wad ekSu fyda Tjqkg tfrysj kvq mejIacuteu iiumlnkaOfhka nja wshla isyumljk wjiadjl fdr=re fylts lsIacuteu mslafIam llt yelshs

ta jfau kSsh ndaul lsIacuteu fyda cdsl wdrlaIdjg wodlt fdr=re msltsn| ryis uQdYhl wkkHdj fyltsjk wjiadjlsect o fdr=re ndsectu mslafIam llt yelshs

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mka flgqiumlmfa 5 tamp Wmjkash

zzfdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdislu wmrdO yd wmrdO

uacuteufrac34Ykh yd iiumlnkaO wjiadjsect o mqrjeishkag ysntildejkafka keye ta nj mkla flgqiumlmfa 5 ^Wamp Wm jkash

uska meyeEgravesj olajd sfnkjdZZ


i|yka lrfka 29 ^2amp ^weamp jkasfha uacuteecircuacuteOdkjg hgaj tu fdr=re fjk mdfrac34Yajhla uacuteiska wodlt fmdyuml wecircldszligh fj ryisj imhd wes wjiadjlsect tu fdr=re fyltsorotilde lsIacuteu i|yd tu mdfrac34Yajh uacuteiska wkquesh ndsect fkdues wjiadjl tu fdr=re fylts lsIacuteu uska wecirclrKhg wmydi lsIacuteula jk wjiadjlsect fyda tu fdr=re fylts lsIacuteu mdfrac34sfiumlka= jrmido Waxgtkh lsIacuteula jk wjiadjlsect fukau uacuteNd fomdfrac34fiumlka=j fyda Wiia wOHdmk wdhkhla uacuteiska mjajkq nk hiuml uacuteNdhlg wodlt fdr=re ryisj nd ekSug kshntilde jkakd jQ wjiadjlsect fuu mk hgfa ta fdr=rejg mfotildeY ugraveu mslafIam llt yels njhs

fdr=re bad isagraveu $ fdr=re ksOdszlighd

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mk fk tafiuml wruqK jqfKa ckdjg fdr=re ndekSu i|yd uacuteecircua lufotildeohla ksfrac34udKh lsIacuteuhs

ta i|yd mqoahskag ndOdldIacute fkdjk fmltUugraveula isyumluacuteh hq=hs tyssect mqrjeishkag fdr=re ndsectfiuml jlSu mejfrkafka zfdr=re ksOdszlighdZ kiuml whl=ghs wues=ud fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mk mdfrac34sfiumlka=jg bEgraveszligma lrntildeka i|yka lflta fiuml ldfrac34h i|yd fdr=re ksOdIacuteka 8000 la n|jd ekSug rch iQodkiuml njhs

zzfdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mk fk tafiuml wruqK jqfKa ckdjg fdr=re ndekSu i|yd uacuteecircua lufotildeohla ksfrac34udKh lsIacuteuhs ta i|yd mqoahskag ndOdldIacute fkdjk fmltUugraveula isyumluacuteh hq=hsZZ


ta i|yd mk uacuteiska zfdr=re ksOdszlighl= Z kiuml lr sfnkjd mkfa 23 jk jkash fdr=re ksOrhka iy kiuml llt ksOrhka ma lsIacuteu iy Tjqkafa ldfrac34h ek i|yka lrkjd

mka flgqiumlmfa 23 2amp Wmjkash fdr=re ksOdszlighdfa ldfrac34h ek i|yka lrkjd ta wkqj iEu fdr=re ksOdszligfhl= uacuteiska u ud wkqhqla fldg wes fmdyuml wecircldszligfhka mqrjeishka uacuteiska fdr=re bad isaacutek wjiadjlsect ta fdr=re mqrjeishkag efnkak ieeiauacuteh hq=hs ta jfau tjeks baSula lrk mqrjeisfhl=g ishuml iydh ndEgraveh hq=hs

fdr=re nd ekSu fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mkfa 24 jeks jkash fdr=re

zziEu fdr=re ksOdszligfhl= uacuteiska u

ud wkqhqla fldg wes fmdyuml wecircldszligfhka mqrjeishka uacuteiska

fdr=re bad isaacutek wjiadjlsect ta fdr=re mqrjeishkag efnkak ieeiauacuteh hq=hs ta

jfau tjeks baSula lrk mqrjeisfhl=g ishuml iydh ndEgraveh

hq=hsZZ


nd ekSfiuml lshdmaacutemdaacuteh ek i|yka lrkjd mkfa 24 ^1amp Wmjkashg wkqj fiuml mk hgfa fdr=re nd ekSug wfmalaId lrk mqrjeishka ud uacuteiska bad isaacutek fdr=re msltsn| fdr=re ksYaNtildej olajntildeka WNtilde fdr=re ksOdszlighdg sAring baSula llt hq=hs fuu Wm jkasfha jeauml yumlrga i|yka lrkafka mqrjeishdg hiuml fya=jla ksid fdr=re baSu sAringj lsIacuteug fkdyels kiuml ta baSu jdNtildelj lsIacuteug Tyqg whsshla sfnk njhs

tfukau tu baSu lrk mqrjeishd fjkqfjka tu baSu zsAringjZ igyka lr ekSu WNtilde fdr=re ksOdszlighdfa ldfrac34hhla nj mk jeauml yumlrga i|yka lrkjd fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whsssjdisliuml mka flgqiumlmfa 24^5amp jkash mqrjeishka iiumlnkaOfhka bd jeoa tys fdr=re bad isaacutek mqrjeishka uacuteiska wkqukh llt hq= lufotildeoh i|yka fjkjd ta wkqj

w fdr=re ydividekd ekSu i|yd fdr=re ksOdszlighd fj yelshdj efnk mszligEgrave idOdrK fi wjYH uacuteh yels bad isaacutekq nk fdr=rejg wodlt uacuteiar iemhsh hq=hs

wd tu mqrjeishd fdr=rejg mfotildeYugraveug wfmalaId lrkq nk wdlDsfha iajNdjh yd NdIdj ydividekd hq=hs

we hiuml ekeal=fa Ocircuacuteh wdrlaId lr ekSu fyda ksoyi wdrlaId lr ekSu i|yd fdr=re wjYH njg uacuteYajdi lrk wjiadjlsect tu uacuteYajdi lsIacuteu moku we=iquestj ta i|yd jQ mldYhla we=lta llt hq=hs

zsAringZ hkakg wkafrac34cdh whao

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mkfa 24^1amp Wm jkasfha i|yka jkafka wodlt baSu zWNtilde ksOdszlighdg sAringjZ bEgraveszligma llt hq= njhs fuyssect zsAringZ hkakg uacuteoHqa udfrac34fhka lrkq nk sAring jQ lreKq o we=lta jk nj 24^6amp Wm jkash i|yka lrkjd zWNtilde ksOdszlighdZ hkqfjka fdr=re bad isaacutek fmdyuml wecircldszlighg ma lr isaacutek fdr=re ksOdszlighd woyia lrkjd

fdr=re bad isaacutek uacuteg mqoasl fdr=rea ndEgraveh hq=o

mkfa 24^5amp^wEamp Wmjkashg wkqj fdr=re bad isaacutek mqrjeishd iiumlnkaO lr yels wjYH uacuteiar yer fdr=re bad isagraveug fya= lsisjla fyda fjka mqoasl uacuteiar ndsectula wjYH jkafka keye

zzfdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mkfa 24^1amp Wm jkasfha i|yka

jkafka wodlt baSu zWNtilde ksOdszlighdg sAringjZ bEgraveszligma llt hq= njhs fuyssect zsAringZ hkakg

uacuteoHqa udfrac34fhka lrkq nk sAring jQ lreKq o we=lta jk nj 24^6amp

Wm jkash i|yka lrkjdZZ


taa mkfa 24^5amp^weamp Wmjkashg wkqj hiuml ekeal=fa Ocircuacuteh wdrlaId lr ekSu fyda ksoyi wdrlaId lr ekSu i|yd fdr=re wjYH njg uacuteYajdi lrk wjiadjlsect tu uacuteYajdi lsIacuteu msltsn| moku we=iquestj ta i|yd mldYhla ndEgraveh hq=hs

fdr=re ndsectu isyumljk wdldrh

mqrjeishd fdr=re baSula llt uacuteg Egravek 14 la we=lt tlS fdr=r ndEgraveh hq= nj mkfa 25^1amp jkasfha i|yka jk wr th ndsectu isyumljkafka ksYaph lrkq nk dia=j ^ fdr=r ndsectu i|yd amp fugravefuka miqjhs tfukau oacuteg by i|yka llt 5^1amp jkash wkqj hntildeka fdr=re ndsectula mslaIam llt uacuteg tlS SrKh jydu wodlt mqrjeishd fj plusmnkauacuteh hq= nj mk wjOdrKh lrkjd

fdr=re ndsectu iiumlnkaOfhka fmdyuml Kkh Egravek 14 la jqja idOdrK fya= u tu Egravek Kk sectfrac34gt llt yels nj mkfa 25^5amp ^wamp jkash i|yka lrkjd ta Egravek 21 lg fkdjeauml ldhlg muKhs fuu sectfrac34gt lsIacuteu iiumlnkaOfhka mk i|yka lrkafka fdr=re ksOdszlighd sectfrac34gt llt Egravek Kk iy ta i|yd jQ fya= meyeEgraves llt hq= njhs

fdr=re nd yels lu fudkjdo

fdr=re nd ekSfiuml baSulg bv enqK miq tlS fdr=re nd yels lu msltsn|j mkfa

27^2amp Wm jkasfha i|yka fjkjd ta wkqj

1 wodlt jev faLk jdfrac34d weumllaIKh lsIacuteu i|yd

2 wodlt faLkfhka fyda jdfrac34djska igyka WoaOD fyda iysl msgma nd ekSu i|yd

3 wodlt oslashjHhkafa iysl llt ksofrac34Yk nd ekSu i|yd

4 tu fdr=re mszligKl fyda fjka hiuml Wmmdxhl nvd lr wes wjiadjlsect aumlialUuml afdms maacute oDYH leiUuml mg fyda fjka hiuml uacuteoHqa luhlska fyda uqoslashs msgma jYfhka fdr=re nd ekSu i|yd mqrjeishdg wjiadj ysntildefjkjd

mslafIam llt nja mqrjeishdg plusmnkauacuteh hq=hs

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mk =lt plusmnlsh yels ja iquacutefYaIajhla jkafka hiuml mqrjeisfhla fdr=re bad isaacutehsect fdr=re ksOdszlighd uacuteiska tlS baSu mslafIam lltfyda Bg miq mshjr i|yka lsIacuteuhs fdr=re mka flgqiumlmfa 28 jeks jkash i|yka lrk wdldrhg fdr=re ksOdszlighl= uacuteiska fdr=re nd ekSu i|yd jk baSula mslafIam llt wjiadjlsect tu ksOdszlighd uacuteiska tu baSu llt mqrjeishdg tu baSu mslafIam lsIacuteug fya= jQ lreKq iy tu mslafIam lsIacuteug tfrysj wNshdpkhla fhduq llt yelafla ljr ldiSudjla we=lt o hkak iy tu wNshdpkh fhduq llt yelafla ljr ekeal= fj o lshd ikaksfotildeokh llt hqq=hs


bad isaacutek fdr=re =kajk mdfrac34Yajhla uacuteiska imhd wes

wjiadjl sect isyumljkafka l=ulao

mka flgqiumlmfa 29 jkash hgfa fiuml ek i|yka fjkjd fuys i|yka jkafka mqrjeisfhl= uacuteiska bad isaacutek fdr=rla =kajk mdfrac34Yajhla uacuteiska imhkq enQ fdr=re fyda =kajk mdfrac34Yajhlg wodlt fdr=re ryis tajd kiuml mqrjeishdfa baSu eicirc Egravek 07 la we=lt tlS fdr=re fylts lsIacuteug leuea fyda wluea sAringj wodlt =kajk mdfrac34Yajfhka uacuteuish hq= njhs =kajk mdfrac34Yajh fdr=re ksOdszlighdfa fiuml ksfotildeokhg wodlt =kajk mdfrac34Yajh mspdr fkdplusmnlajqfyda ta fdr=re fylts lsIacuteug fdr=re ksOdszlighdg wjiadj efnk nj mkfa 29^2amp^wamp Wm jkash i|yka lrkjd

fuys ^wdamp Wm jkash i|yka lrkafka fdr=re ksOdszlighd uacuteiska wodlt =kajk mdfrac34Yajfhka llt baSug mspdr olajd tlS fdr=re fylts lsIacuteug tlOtilde jQ wjiadjl tajd fylts llt hq= njhs fdr=re ksOdszlighdfa baSug mspdr olajd bad isaacute fdr=re fylts lsIacuteu mslafIam llt wjiadjl mqrjeishdg tlS fdr=re fylts lsIacuteu mslafIam llt hq= njhs mkfa 29^2amp ^weamp Wm jkash i|yka lrkafka

fujeks fdr=rla flfiaja fylts llt fkdyelso

by i|yka llt fdr=re ndsectu =kajk mdfrac34Yajh uacuteiska mslafIam llta ta fdr=re fydlts fkdlsIacuteu iiumlnkaOfhka jk fmoasl necenthdj tu fdr=re fyltslsIacuteu uska =kajk mdfrac34Yajhg isyumluacuteh yels ydkshg jvd jeauml nj fldntildeIka iNdj msltskafka kiuml =kajk mdfrac34Yajfha uacutefrdaOh fkdld tu fdr=re fyltsorotilde llt yels nj mkfa i|yka fjkjd


fdr=re ksOdszlighdg wdrlaIdjla sfnkjdo

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mk hgfa fdr=re ksOdszlighl=g mejrE ldfrac34hhla fyda nhla bgq lsIacutefiumlsect lshdaul ugravefiumlsect ta ksOdszlighd ioaNjfhka llt lsisu lshdjlg ta fmdyuml wecircldszligh fyda ta fmdyuml wecircldszligfha fdr=re ksOdszlighd fyda fjka ksOdszligfhla fyda lsisyuml isuacutea fyda wmrdO jlSulg hga fkduacuteh hq= nj mkfa 30 jeks jkash i|yka lrkjd fiuml wkqj ioaNjfhka lrk rdcldIacuteuh ldfrac34hhka i|yd fdr=re ksOdIacutekag isuacutea fyda wmrdO kvqjg tfrysj wdrlaIdj efnkjd

fdr=re nd fok NdIdj fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssjdislu jvda ilShugraveug kiuml tajd nd yels NdId udOH bd jeoa fiuml

zzfdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mk hgfa fdr=re ksOdszlighl=g

mejrE ldfrac34hhla fyda nhla bgq lsIacutefiumlsect lshdaul

ugravefiumlsect ta ksOdszlighd ioaNjfhka llt lsisu

lshdjlg ta fmdyuml wecircldszligh fyda ta fmdyuml wecircldszligfha fdr=re ksOdszlighd fyda fjka ksOdszligfhla fyda lsisyuml isuacutea fyda wmrdO

jlSulg hga fkduacuteh hq= nj mkfa 30 jeks jkash i|yka lrkjd fiuml wkqj

ioaNjfhka lrk rdcldIacuteuh ldfrac34hhka i|yd fdr=re ksOdIacutekag isuacutea

fyda wmrdO kvqjg tfrysj wdrlaIdj

efnkjdZZ


ek mk plusmnauml wjOdkhla fhduq lr sfnkjd ta wkqj rdcH NdIdjkafka fdr=re nd ekSfiuml ysntildelu mqrjeishkag efnkjd

fdr=re ndsectu mslafIam llt uacuteg llt yelafla l=ulao fdr=re mk =lt fdr=re ndsectu mslafIam llt yels fya= bd meyeEgravesj olajd sfnkjd taa tu mslafIam lsIacuteu iuska tlS mshjr wjika lsIacuteug mqrjeishdg isyumljkafka keye mqrjeishdg ud baAElig fdr=r ndsectu mslafIam jQ uacuteg ta mslafIam lsIacuteu iiumlnkaOfhka wDmashg ma jkafka kiuml ta i|yd idOdrKh bad wNshdpkhla llt yelshs ta nj mkfa 31^1amp ^wamp isg ^Wamp olajd Wm jkasj i|yka fjkjd

w fdr=re bad isagraveu i|yd lrk o hiuml baSula Ndr ekSu fdr=re ksOdszlighd mslafIam lsIacuteu

wd 5 jeks jkash hgfa modkh lsIacutefuka uqla lr wes fdr=re fya=fjka hiuml fdr=rla fj mfotildeY ugraveu i|yd wjiadj ndsectu mslafIam lsIacuteu

we fiuml mk uska ksYaNtildej olajd wes fr=re fya=fjka hiuml fdr=rla fj mfotildeY ugraveu i|yd wjiadj ndsectu mslafIaam lsIacuteu

wE iiumlmQfrac34K fkdjQ fkduOtilde hjk fyda idjoH fdr=re modkh lsIacuteu

b jeaumlmqr dia= wh lsIacuteu

B bad isaacutekq nk wdlDsfhka fdr=re iemhSug fdr=re ksOdszlighd uacuteiska mslafIam lsIacuteu


W tu fdr=re fj tu mqrjeishd mfotildeY ugraveu jeltelaugraveu i|yd tu fdr=re uacutelDs lr uacutekdY lr fyda wiadk lr wes njg tu fdr=re bad isaacutekq nk mqrjeishd yg idOdrK fya= mejSu

fdr=re mslafIam llt uacuteg wNshdpkd lsIacuteu

by i|yka llt fya= u mslafIam jQ fdr=re bad wNshdpkd lsIacutefiuml whssjdislu fdr=re mk uska mqrjeishdg ndsect sfnkjd

ta wkqj wodlt fdr=re ndsectu mslafIam jQ fudfydfa isg Egravek 14 la we=lt wodlt wdhkfha kiuml llt ksOdszlighd fj wNshdpkhla bEgraveszligma lsIacuteug mqrjeishdg mqiquestjka fuu wNshdpkh bEgraveszligma llt Egravek isg Egravek =kla we=lt tlS wNshdpkh Ndra kiuml llt ksOdszlighd uacuteiska wNshdpkdlreg l=uacutedkaishla ksl=a llt hq=hs Bg miqj wodlt wNshdpkh ek kiuml llt ksOdszlighd uacuteiska uacuteufrac34Ykhla lr ta ek iuacuteiardaul mslts=rla wNshdpl mqrjeishd fj ndEgraveh hq=hs

fiuml mslts=frka o weeiuml uacuteg mqrjeishd wDmashg ma uacuteh yelshs ta wNshdpkhg wodlt foa i|yd ukag idOdrK mslts=rla fkdeicircu kshntilde ldh =lt mslts=r ndfkdsectu jerEgrave mslts=rla ndsect wes njg wNshdpl mqrjeishdg yeOtildeS sh uacuteghs tuacuteg Tyq uacuteiska wkqukh llt hq= mshjr fdr=re mkfa 32^wampiy ^wdamp hk jkasj i|yka fjkjd

zzwodlt fdr=re ndsectu mslafIam jQ fudfydfa isg

Egravek 14 la we=lt wodlt wdhkfha kiuml llt ksOdszlighd fj wNshdpkhla bEgraveszligma lsIacuteug mqrjeishdg mqiquestjka

fuu wNshdpkh bEgraveszligma llt Egravek isg Egravek =kla we=lt

tlS wNshdpkh Ndra kiuml llt ksOdszlighd uacuteiska

wNshdpkdlreg l=uacutedkaishla ksl=a llt hq=hs Bg miqj wodlt wNshdpkh ek kiuml

llt ksOdszlighd uacuteiska uacuteufrac34Ykhla lr ta ek iuacuteiardaul mslts=rla

wNshdpl mqrjeishd fj ndEgraveh hq=hs ZZ


ta wkqj wodlt wNshdpl mqrjeishdg fdr=re fldntildeIu fj mentildeKss lsIacuteug wjiadj Wod fjkjd ta wodlt fudfydfa isg udi 02 l ldhla we=lt fiuml wdldrfhka fdr=re fldntildeIu fj mentildeKsala enqKq miq ta ek mIacutelaIKhla mjajd tyssect nd a u SrKh iiumlnkaOfhka fldntildeIu sAring fya= bEgraveszligma llt hq=hs

wNshdpkdecirclrKhg wNshdpkh llt yelshs

fdr=re fldntildeIfiuml mIacutelaIKh iiumlnkaOfhka o wodlt mqrjeishd wDmashg ma jkafka kiuml Tyqg mkfa 34^1amp Wm jkash wkqj wNshdpkdecirclrKh wNshdpkhla bEgraveszligma llt yelshs

lsishiuml fya=jla ksid fdr=re ndsectu mslafIam llt uacuteg Bg idOdrKh bad mqrjeishd uka llt hq= u uola ixlSfrac34K njla plusmnlsh yelshs taa th wodlt mhakhg RKdaul nmEula isyumlfkdjk nj o i|yka llt hq=hs

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml msltsn| fldntildeIu fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mkfa i|yka uacutefYaI wdhkhla jYfhka zfdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml msltsn| fldntildeIka iNdjZ plusmnlauacuteh yelshs

mkfa ^4amp jeks fldgfia fdr=re plusmnkeekSfiuml whssjdisla msltsn| fldntildeIka iNdj msysgqugraveu msltsn| i|yka fjkjd

fldntildeIka iNdfotilde ixhqsh ilia jkafka flfiao

iudethlhska mia fokl=fka hqa fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml msltsn| fldntildeIka iNdj ma llt hqafa wdKavqlu jHjiad iNdfotilde ksfrac34foaY u ckdecircmsjrhd uacuteiska nj mkfa 12^wamp Wm jkash i|yka lrkjd

mkfa 12 ^1amp Wm jkashg wkqj fuu ksfrac34foaY bEgraveszligma lsIacutefiumlsect wdKavqlu jHjiad fldntildeIka iNdj uacuteiska YS xld kSs ixuh mldYljrekafa lfrac34Djrekafa iy udOHfotildesectkafa ixuacuteOdk iy fjka isuacutea iudc ixuacuteOdk tla tla ixuacuteOdk fyda ixuacuteOdk mfNao uacuteiska kiuml lrk tla ekeal= ksfrac34foaY llt hq= i|yka lrkjd

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml msltsn| fldntildeIka iNdjg ^2amp^wamp^1amp Wm jkash hgfa ksfrac34foaY lrk mqoahska l=ukdldr wh uacuteh hq=o lshd mkfa i|yka fjkjd mkg wkqj fuu mqoahska

1 kSsh mdkh rdcH mszligmdkh iudc fiajd mqjama ldfotildesect uacuteoHd yd dlaIK fyda lltukdlrK hk lafIaj idOkh llt plusmnkSula waplusmnlSiuml yd mugravekajh iys fmdyuml ck Ocircuacuteh msltsn| iquacutefYaI ekeaka njg

2 mdfrac34sfiumlka= ukaSjreka fyda hiuml mltda iNdjl ukaSjrfhl= fyda mltda mdk wdhkhl iNslfhl= fkdjk njg

3 hiuml rdcH fyda wecirclrK OQrhla fyda fjka dNodhS OQrhla ork ekeaka fkdjk njg


4 hiuml foaYmdk mlaIhlg iiumlnkaO fkdjk njg

5 hiuml jHdmdrhla lrfk hkq fkdnk fyda hiuml jDashl fkdfhfok njg wdKavqlu jHjiad iNdjg iysl uacuteh hq=hs

fldntildeIka iNdfotilde ldfrac34hhka yd lfrac34jHhka fudkjdo

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml msltsn| fldntildeIka iNdfotilde ldfrac34hh yd lfrac34jHh ek mka flgqiumlmfa 14 jeks jkasfha i|yotilde fjkjd ta wkqj

w fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mk hgfa fmdyuml wecircldIacuteka fj mjrd wes ldfrac34h ksis fi bgq lrkafka o hkak weumllaIKh lsIacuteu iy tajdg wkql+j lghq= lrkafkao hkak iysl ugraveu

wd msixialrK iudfdackh lsIacuteu i|yd wjYH fmdyuml ksfrac34foaY iajNdjhlska hqla jQ iy uacutefYaIfhka u hiuml fmdyuml wecircldszlighla fj fhduq lrk o hk fojfrac34fhau ksfrac34foaY iEsectu

we fiuml mk hgfa hiuml fdr=rla ksoyia lrkq eicircu msKsi fmdyuml wecircldszligh uacuteiska wh lrkq nk dia= ksYaph lsIacuteu i|yd idOdrKajh mokiuml fldg fk udfrac34fdamfoaY ksl=a lsIacuteu

wE fdr=re ksOdszlighl= uacuteiska dia=jla wh lsIacuteulska fdrj fdr=re ndEgraveh yelafla ljr wjiadjsect o hkak kshu lsIacuteu

b fdr=re iemhSu iiumlnkaOfhka mdoacute fyltsorotilde lsIacutefiuml msmash

u mokiuml j dia= Wm faaLk kshu lsIacuteu

B fuu mkfa uacuteecircuacuteOdk ModhS fi lshdaul lsIacuteu iiumlnkaOfhka rdcH ksOrhka iu iduqyslj lghq= lsIacuteu fyda tu ksOrhka i|yd mqyqKq lghq= Ndr ekSu

W fiuml mkfa wjYHd iy ta hgfa mqoahskafa whssjdisliuml misoaecirchg ma lsIacuteu

W fmdyuml wecircldIacuteka i|yd jdfrac34d ksis mszligEgrave mjajd ekSfiuml udfrac34fdamfoaY ksl=a lsIacuteu

fdr=re fldntildeIfiuml n fudkjdo

fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml msltsn| fldntildeIka iNdj i= n ek mkfa 15 jeks jkasfha i|yka fjkjd tys i|yka wdldrhg fldntildeIka iNdjg my i|yka n ysntildefjkjd

w mIacutelaIK mejeaugraveu yd tu mIacutelaIK i|yd fmkS isaacutek fi hiuml ekeal= fj kshu lsIacuteu

wd Egravejqreiumlsect fyda msdsectu hgfa tu ekead uacuteNd lsIacuteu yd wjYH wjiadj sect tu ekeadfa ikalfha mjsk hiuml fdr=rla imhk fi tu ekead fj kshu lsIacuteu tfia jqj o ^5amp jk jkash hgfa fyltsorotilde lsIacutefuka uqla lr wes fdr=re ryisj mIacutelaId llt hq=hs

we fiuml mkfa uacuteecircuacuteOdk hgfa jQ hiuml fmdyuml wecircldszlighla uacuteiska mslafIam lrkq nk fdr=re


we=iquestj fmdyuml wecircldszlighla uacuteiska orkq nk fdr=re mIacutelaId lsIacuteu

wE hiuml ksYaNtilde wdlDshlska fdr=re imhk fi fmdyuml wecircldszlighla fj uacuteOdk lsIacuteu

b ^5amp jk jkasfha uacuteecircuacuteOdkjg hgaj uyckdjfka hiuml fmdyuml wecircldszlighla uacuteiska r|jdfk isaacutekq nk fdr=re misoaO lrk fi tu fmdyuml wecircldszligh fj uacuteOdk lsIacuteu

B 32 jk jkash hgfa wDmashg ma hiuml ekeal= uacuteiska fldntildeIka iNdj fj bEgraveszligma lrkq nk wNshdpkd uacuteNd lsIacuteu iy SrKh lsIacuteu

W bad isaacutekq enQ fdr=re kshntilde fotildedjg fkdeicircu fya=fjka mqrjeishl=fka wh

lrkq enQ dia= msmQfrac34Kh lrk fi fmdyuml wecircldszlighla fyda wodlt fdr=re iemhSfiuml ksOdszlighl= fj uacuteOdk lsIacuteu

fdr=re ksOdszligkag tfrys uacutekh mshjr

fdr=re plusmnk ekSu lshkafka mqrjeishdfa uQsl whsshla ta ksid Bg wjysr lsIacuteu o~qjiuml eigraveh hq= jrola jYfhka ielsh yelshs ta jfau uhs fylts fkdllt hq= fdr=re fylts lsIacuteuga o~qjiuml eigraveh yels jrola fiuml ldrKd fol eku fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mk wjOdkh fhduq lrd sfnkjd

fdr=re mk wkqj fdr=re ndsectfiumlsect fdr=re ksOdszlighd wska isyumluacuteh yels jerEgrave$ uacuteIudpdr lsysmhla olajd sfnkjd


1 mqrjeishdg fdr=re ndsectfiumlsect jerEgrave wdldrhg lghq= lrk fyja ysdudu fdr=re ndsectu wjysr lrk

2 fEacutedkauacutej jerEgrave yd wiiumlmQfrac34K fdr=re iemhk

3 ud fj enqKq fdr=re fEacutekdkauacutej uacutekdY lrk wjx= lrk fjkia lrk fyda mQfrac34K fi fyda wfrac34O fi jika lrkq nk

4 fldntildeIka iNdfotilde kshuhkag wkql+ fkdjk fldntildeIka iNdjg fEacutekdkauacutej idjoH fdrl=re imhk 5 fldntildeIka iNdj bEgraveszligfha fmkS isagraveu meyer yszligk

6 fldntildeIka iNdfotilde uacuteufrac34Yk lghq=jg wjysr lrk

7 mkfa ^5amp jeks jkash iy Wm jkas uska fyltsorotilde fkdllt hq= fdr=re fyltsorotilde lrk

fdr=re ksOdszligfhl=g tfrysj kakd mshjr fdr=re mkfa 39

^Wamp Wm jkash uska olajd sfnkjd

fuu Wm jkash wkqj fdr=re ksOdszligfhl= uacuteiska jrola lr wes nj mldY fldg ufyaiada jrfhl= uacuteiska mkjkq nk gtq kvq uacuteNdhlska miqj jrolre jqjfyda remsha 5000000 la fkdblaujk ovhlg fyda wjqreyuml foll ^2amp ldhla fkdblaujk nkaOkddr lsIacuteulg fyda fiuml o~qjiuml folgu hga llt yelshs

fdr=re mk wkqj fdr=re ksOdszlighdg muKla fkdj Tyqg iydh ndsectu mslafIam lrk fyda

meyer yszligk fjka ksOdszlighl=g jqj o kvq mjrd o~qjiuml ndEgraveh yelshs ta nj fdr=re mkfa 39^2amp jkash meyeEgravesj i|yka lrkjd tys i|yka wdldrhg fdr=re ksOdszlighl= uacuteiska fjka ksOdszlighl=fa iydh bad isaacutek uacuteg tlS ksOdszlighd uacuteiska wodlt iydh ndsectu mslafIam lrkafka kiuml fyda iydh ndsectu meyer yszligkafka kiuml wodlt ksOdszlighd ufyaiadajrfhl= bEgraveszligfha mjajkq nk gtq kvq uacuteNdhlska jrolre jqjfyda remsha 1000000 la fkdblaujk ov uqolg hga llt yelshs

fiuml wkqj fdr=re ksOdszlighl=fa uacuteIudpdr lshdjlg tfrysj ufyaiada wecirclrKh kvq mjrd jerEgravelre jk wodlt ksOdszlighdg o~qjiuml ndEgraveh yelshs fuh xld kSsfha iquacutefYaI aajhla jYfhka ieflkjd

ufyaiada wecirclrKhla wjYH wehs

fdr=re ksOdIacutekafa uacuteIudpdr jsect o~qjiuml kshu lsIacuteu i|yd ufyaiada wecirclrKh fj hd hq= ugraveu fndfyda fokl=g mYakhla fujeks mYakhla wesugraveu i|yd moku jegqfKa xldfotilde fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mk bkaEgravehdkq fdr=re mk yd ixiokh lsIacuteuhs bkaEgravehdkq fdr=re mkfa 20^1amp Wm jkash wkqj bkaEgravehdfotilde fdr=re ksOdIacutekafa uacuteIudpdr iiumlnkaOfhka o~qjiuml lrkafka bkaEgravehdkq fdr=re fldntildeIuhs tuska nd fok o~qjua xldjg


jvd fjkia WodyrKhla fi fdr=re ndsectu sect sfnk Egravek 30 l ldhg jvd jeauml ldhla fk fdr=re ndsectu mud lrk fdr=re ksOdszlighl=g tlS mud lrk Egraveklg ^ ndsect wes ldh jk Egravek 30 lg miqj amp bkaEgravehdkq remsha 25000 neska remsha 250000 l Wmszliguhlg hga fldg ov ikjd

tfya xldfotilde kSsh bkaEgravehdfotilde kSshg jvd fjkia YS xldfotilde jauka wdKavqlu jHjiadj ^ 1978amp kvq weiSu o~qjiuml kshu lsIacuteu ov eiSu jeks oKavkhka kshu llt hqafa ksis wecirclrKuh lshdjshlska muKhs ta i|yd ffksl lshdjshla iys wecirclrK moaOshla sigraveh hq=hs bka mszligndysrj kvq weiSug ov eiSug

fyda o~qjiuml kshu lsIacuteug ffksl yelshdjla xldj =lt keye fiuml aajh ksid uhs fdr=re uacuteIudpdrjg lajk fdr=re ksOdIacutekag tfrysj ufyaiada wecirclrKhg hkak isyumlfjkafka

wumla waplusmnlSula fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssjdisliuml mk iiumlu ugrave udi 06 la jQ miq th lshdaul fjkjd tuacuteg ckdjg miqsh ldh mqrd

iEu whssjdisliuml iu u

jlSula fukau jugraveula o

mentildefKkjd ja nQre

ksoyila ek fndfyda fokd

=lt NSshla sfnkjd ta

ek wm ishuml fokdu

wjOdkfhka isaacuteh hq=hs


ukafka jix fldg snQ rdcH i= fdr=re fj bd myiqfjka mfotildeY ugraveug wjiadjla efnkjd fiumll mcdkajdsect iudchlg wkd wjiadjla ta jfau wNsfhdahla fiumll iajfrac34Kuh wjiadjla jkafka fiuml uska mcdkajdoh yd hymdkh Ylasua ugrave rgg yd ckdjg fiNdH Wodugraveu ta jfau fiumll wNsfhdahla jkafka ckdj fiuml whssjdislu iiumlnkaOfhka fldmuK plusmnkqja o Tjqka fldriuml yumlrg fuu whssh Nduacute lrhso hk mYakh uhs wfma iudchg fdr=re whssh iiumlnkaOfhka waplusmnlSiuml keye ta jfau ksOdIacutekaga waplusmnlSiuml keye

fiuml ksid fdr=re mk uska ysntildejk msdN yd whssjdisliuml ek fiuml rfUuml ckdjg meyeEgraves wjfndaOhla ndEgraveh hq=hs tfukau ksOdIacutekag o fiuml ek meyeEgraves wjfndaOhla wjYHhs fiuml mk fiuml fomdfrac34Yajhgu msdN nd fokjd

fuyssect ckudOHjg o meyer yeszligh fkdyels wjiadjla Wod fjkjd talg fya=j uhs fiuml ysntildelu jvda fydcentka lshdaul llt yelafla ckudOHjg Tjqka miqsh ldh mqrdu fdr=re ysOtildehlska fmiquestKd tal udOH lfrac34udkahg RKdaul nmEula lltd ckudOHlrejka wffOfrac34hua lltd plusmnka Tjqkag ta whssh yssntildefjd sfnkjd

iEu whssjdisliuml iu u jlSula fukau jugraveula o mentildefKkjd ja nQre ksoyila ek fndfyda fokd =lt NSshla sfnkjd ta ek wm ishuml fokdu wjOdkfhka isaacuteh hq=hs

wdYs ka

1 ixialrKh orejdd udcd mcdkajdoh

ixjfrac34Okh yd fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh fjiquestu

01 msgqj 08 gdkaiafmarkais bkagfrac34keIka YS xld

2011

1 Tfiacute plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh foaYmsh iqkkao uacutelam

msmas flakaoslashh 2001 cQs 29

2 fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh shkwdrEacuteNtilde ca

wamsldj

3 iqmsltsmkak gdkaifmarkais bkagfrac34keIka YS xld

2010 cQs

4 NdIKfha ksoyi - YS xld =jka uacuteyumls ixiadjg

tfrys kvq Skayumlj mcdkaSh whssjdisliuml l

ekSfiuml jHdmdrh 1996 wfdaia=

5 ckdj yd fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh fudrfv

ntildeskao 2010 cQks 20 bszligod Egravejhsk msgqj 09

6 fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whssh - udfrac34fdamfoaYhla

sydka =Ksl YS xld mqjama wdhkh 2014

7 fdr=re plusmnk ekSfiuml whsshg wes iSud wur=x

iSfEcirc bszligod xldsectm 2010 cQs 23 msgqj 05

8 udkj whsSka msltsn| kSsh iy udkjohdjdsect kSsh

msltsn| yecentkaugraveula kfacircika flakaoslashh 1995

9 yenIKh =rka lsIacuteug wodlt jk kSsh msltsn|

idrdxYh ^ nmjakd kSs iy fhdaeth kj kSs amp

wekagka mkdkayuml iy wdfrac34tiumlicirc fiakdkdhl msgqj 39

2007

10 rdjh flaviacutesotilde ckrxck 2016 wfmaa 03 msgqj

09

11 foish$ 2016 uehs ldmh

12 wdpdfrac34h msectma ugraverisxy wo mqjam 2016 cQks 22-23

13 fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssjdisliuml msltsn| mka

flgqiumlm $ 2016 udfrac34= 24

kQk hqfha fdr=re plusmnkekSu ntildeksidfa uQsl whssjdislula jYfhka cdHkarj msltsekSug laugrave sfnk wr ckdj fjkqfjka mdlhka uacuteiska bgqlrkq nk ldfrac34hhka msltsn|j ckdjg fdr=re ndsectfiuml lufotildeo rciufha mejes njg bsydih idlaIs orhs

tfya miqldSkj nhg mentildeKs mdlhska ckdjg fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml wjiadjka wysntilde llt fya=fjka ckdj mdlhska flfrka yumlria jk wdldrh o wm yumlgqfjuq wm ksfhdackh lrkakd jQ wdishdsl ldmfha rgja ishalau mdfya wmg fmr u rg jeishkag fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml whssh kSHqkql+j ndsect we YS dxlslhska jk wmg fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml kSHdkql+ whssh yssntildejkafka ol=Kq wdishdkq ldmfha wjika rg jYfhks

rgl hymdkhla wes lsIacutefiuml mOdk ikaecirciadkhla jYfhka ielsh yels fdr=re fdr=re plusmnkekSfiuml mk fk taug lshd llt rcfha kdhlhd fi lghq= lsIacuteug eicircu mssltsn|j buya i=gg mafjntilde

kSsfha wdecircmH udkj ysntildeliuml iqlSu ieug iudk whssjdisliuml N=las uacutepoundug wjiadj ndsectu wdsect jQ uacuteYaj mldYkhka ys we=lta udkj whssjdisliuml iuia YS xlslhska fjkqfjka yjqre llt hq= ldhl hymdkh fmrplusmnszlig lrfk 2015 ckjdIacute 8 jk Egravek furg nhg ma jQ rch uska fujka lfrac34jHhla bgq lsIacuteug yelsugraveu hymdk ixlamh ienE fi u wfrac34ja lsIacuteuls

ckdj uacuteiska fdard kq nk ksfhdaethhska fukau ma lrkq nk ksfhdaethhska o uka ma lrkq nk ckdj fjkqfjka fiajh bgq lsIacutefiumlsect jvda mdroDYH Ndjhlska lghq= lsIacuteug fuu mk uacuteiska fhduqlrk wr ta Tiafia ckdjfa mrudecircmH furg hlts yjqre llsIacuteug yelsugraveu ckdj enQ mcdkajdsect chyKhls

ffuSmd issszligfiak ckdecircms

YS xld mcddkasl iudcjdsect ckrch 2016 wfdaia= 18 jk Egravek









2016 cQks 23










2016 cQks 23







lre mrKuacutedk uyd


2016 cQks 24












2016 cQks 24














fjkjd











fokdfa wfmalaIdjhs

WmfoaYlajh (




ohd xldmqr


ldgQka iy PdhdrEm (
















































wdrlaIKhhs




wjiadj efnkjd







































sfnkjdZZ



























jqfKa keye

















































































































keyeZZ









































































































nk iSudjkag hgajhZZ













yEgraveis kSsh


















































































lrkjdZZ











wE rdcH ixiadjla


B mltda mdk wdhkhla
















fdr=re nd yels wdhk









ta wkqj














































hq=hsZZ















































efnkjdZZ



























































































ek wm ishuml fokdu







wdYs ka




2011




wamsldj


2010 cQs















2007


09











2016 cQks 23










2016 cQks 23







lre mrKuacutedk uyd


2016 cQks 24












2016 cQks 24














fjkjd











fokdfa wfmalaIdjhs

WmfoaYlajh (




ohd xldmqr


ldgQka iy PdhdrEm (
















































wdrlaIKhhs




wjiadj efnkjd







































sfnkjdZZ



























jqfKa keye

















































































































keyeZZ









































































































nk iSudjkag hgajhZZ













yEgraveis kSsh


















































































lrkjdZZ











wE rdcH ixiadjla


B mltda mdk wdhkhla
















fdr=re nd yels wdhk









ta wkqj














































hq=hsZZ















































efnkjdZZ



























































































ek wm ishuml fokdu







wdYs ka




2011




wamsldj


2010 cQs















2007


09













2016 cQks 23







lre mrKuacutedk uyd


2016 cQks 24












2016 cQks 24














fjkjd











fokdfa wfmalaIdjhs

WmfoaYlajh (




ohd xldmqr


ldgQka iy PdhdrEm (
















































wdrlaIKhhs




wjiadj efnkjd







































sfnkjdZZ



























jqfKa keye

















































































































keyeZZ









































































































nk iSudjkag hgajhZZ













yEgraveis kSsh


















































































lrkjdZZ











wE rdcH ixiadjla


B mltda mdk wdhkhla
















fdr=re nd yels wdhk









ta wkqj














































hq=hsZZ















































efnkjdZZ



























































































ek wm ishuml fokdu







wdYs ka




2011




wamsldj


2010 cQs















2007


09










lre mrKuacutedk uyd


2016 cQks 24












2016 cQks 24














fjkjd











fokdfa wfmalaIdjhs

WmfoaYlajh (




ohd xldmqr


ldgQka iy PdhdrEm (
















































wdrlaIKhhs




wjiadj efnkjd







































sfnkjdZZ



























jqfKa keye

















































































































keyeZZ









































































































nk iSudjkag hgajhZZ













yEgraveis kSsh


















































































lrkjdZZ











wE rdcH ixiadjla


B mltda mdk wdhkhla
















fdr=re nd yels wdhk









ta wkqj














































hq=hsZZ















































efnkjdZZ



























































































ek wm ishuml fokdu







wdYs ka




2011




wamsldj


2010 cQs















2007


09















2016 cQks 24














fjkjd











fokdfa wfmalaIdjhs

WmfoaYlajh (




ohd xldmqr


ldgQka iy PdhdrEm (
















































wdrlaIKhhs




wjiadj efnkjd







































sfnkjdZZ



























jqfKa keye

















































































































keyeZZ









































































































nk iSudjkag hgajhZZ













yEgraveis kSsh


















































































lrkjdZZ











wE rdcH ixiadjla


B mltda mdk wdhkhla
















fdr=re nd yels wdhk









ta wkqj














































hq=hsZZ















































efnkjdZZ



























































































ek wm ishuml fokdu







wdYs ka




2011




wamsldj


2010 cQs















2007


09

















fjkjd











fokdfa wfmalaIdjhs

WmfoaYlajh (




ohd xldmqr


ldgQka iy PdhdrEm (
















































wdrlaIKhhs




wjiadj efnkjd







































sfnkjdZZ



























jqfKa keye

















































































































keyeZZ









































































































nk iSudjkag hgajhZZ













yEgraveis kSsh


















































































lrkjdZZ











wE rdcH ixiadjla


B mltda mdk wdhkhla
















fdr=re nd yels wdhk









ta wkqj














































hq=hsZZ















































efnkjdZZ



























































































ek wm ishuml fokdu







wdYs ka




2011




wamsldj


2010 cQs















2007


09











fokdfa wfmalaIdjhs

WmfoaYlajh (




ohd xldmqr


ldgQka iy PdhdrEm (
















































wdrlaIKhhs




wjiadj efnkjd







































sfnkjdZZ



























jqfKa keye

















































































































keyeZZ









































































































nk iSudjkag hgajhZZ













yEgraveis kSsh


















































































lrkjdZZ











wE rdcH ixiadjla


B mltda mdk wdhkhla
















fdr=re nd yels wdhk









ta wkqj














































hq=hsZZ















































efnkjdZZ



























































































ek wm ishuml fokdu







wdYs ka




2011




wamsldj


2010 cQs















2007


09



















































wdrlaIKhhs




wjiadj efnkjd







































sfnkjdZZ



























jqfKa keye

















































































































keyeZZ









































































































nk iSudjkag hgajhZZ













yEgraveis kSsh


















































































lrkjdZZ











wE rdcH ixiadjla


B mltda mdk wdhkhla
















fdr=re nd yels wdhk









ta wkqj














































hq=hsZZ















































efnkjdZZ



























































































ek wm ishuml fokdu







wdYs ka




2011




wamsldj


2010 cQs















2007


09









































sfnkjdZZ



























jqfKa keye

















































































































keyeZZ









































































































nk iSudjkag hgajhZZ













yEgraveis kSsh


















































































lrkjdZZ











wE rdcH ixiadjla


B mltda mdk wdhkhla
















fdr=re nd yels wdhk









ta wkqj














































hq=hsZZ















































efnkjdZZ



























































































ek wm ishuml fokdu







wdYs ka




2011




wamsldj


2010 cQs















2007


09































jqfKa keye

















































































































keyeZZ









































































































nk iSudjkag hgajhZZ













yEgraveis kSsh


















































































lrkjdZZ











wE rdcH ixiadjla


B mltda mdk wdhkhla
















fdr=re nd yels wdhk









ta wkqj














































hq=hsZZ















































efnkjdZZ



























































































ek wm ishuml fokdu







wdYs ka




2011




wamsldj


2010 cQs















2007


09





















































































































keyeZZ









































































































nk iSudjkag hgajhZZ













yEgraveis kSsh


















































































lrkjdZZ











wE rdcH ixiadjla


B mltda mdk wdhkhla
















fdr=re nd yels wdhk









ta wkqj














































hq=hsZZ















































efnkjdZZ



























































































ek wm ishuml fokdu







wdYs ka




2011




wamsldj


2010 cQs















2007


09













































































































nk iSudjkag hgajhZZ













yEgraveis kSsh


















































































lrkjdZZ











wE rdcH ixiadjla


B mltda mdk wdhkhla
















fdr=re nd yels wdhk









ta wkqj














































hq=hsZZ















































efnkjdZZ



























































































ek wm ishuml fokdu







wdYs ka




2011




wamsldj


2010 cQs















2007


09

















yEgraveis kSsh


















































































lrkjdZZ











wE rdcH ixiadjla


B mltda mdk wdhkhla
















fdr=re nd yels wdhk









ta wkqj














































hq=hsZZ















































efnkjdZZ



























































































ek wm ishuml fokdu







wdYs ka




2011




wamsldj


2010 cQs















2007


09





















































































lrkjdZZ











wE rdcH ixiadjla


B mltda mdk wdhkhla
















fdr=re nd yels wdhk









ta wkqj














































hq=hsZZ















































efnkjdZZ



























































































ek wm ishuml fokdu







wdYs ka




2011




wamsldj


2010 cQs















2007


09















wE rdcH ixiadjla


B mltda mdk wdhkhla
















fdr=re nd yels wdhk









ta wkqj














































hq=hsZZ















































efnkjdZZ



























































































ek wm ishuml fokdu







wdYs ka




2011




wamsldj


2010 cQs















2007


09
















fdr=re nd yels wdhk









ta wkqj














































hq=hsZZ















































efnkjdZZ



























































































ek wm ishuml fokdu







wdYs ka




2011




wamsldj


2010 cQs















2007


09












































hq=hsZZ















































efnkjdZZ



























































































ek wm ishuml fokdu







wdYs ka




2011




wamsldj


2010 cQs















2007


09



















































efnkjdZZ



























































































ek wm ishuml fokdu







wdYs ka




2011




wamsldj


2010 cQs















2007


09































































































ek wm ishuml fokdu







wdYs ka




2011




wamsldj


2010 cQs















2007


09










wdYs ka




2011




wamsldj


2010 cQs















2007


09





hymd,kh ;yjqre l< zf;dr;=re oek.eksfï whs;shz · f;dr;=re whs;sh hymd,k ixl,amh cd;hka;rj ms

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