IyInI I -gynecomastIa?I-gynecomastia iwukukhula kwezibele kubafana nabantu besilisa ngenxa ukukhula kwezicubu ezisezibeleni (okungaphathelene nesifo somdlavuza). Lesi sifo singumphumela wokungalingani phakathi kwe-testosterone (ihomoni yabantu besilisa) ne-estrogen (ihomoni yabantu besifazane). Wonke amadoda anesilinganiso esithile se-estrogen. Kodwa i-estrogen eningi ingabangela ukukhula kwezibele.

ngabe bewazI?Yize noma i-gynecomastia ingabangeli izinkinga empilweni, ingenza izibele zithambe. Lokhu kungakubangela amahloni.

NgubaNi oNgaba Ne-gYNecomastia?I-gynecomastia ivame ezinganeni zabafana ezisanda kuzalwa ngenxa yokutholana ne-estrogen kamama. Ingaba khona futhi nasebafaneni abasesigabeni sokuthomba. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, ivamise ukubuye iziphelele. Kubantu abadala, ivame ukuba khona kumadoda aneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-50.

YiNi ebaNgeLa i-gYNecomastia kubaNtu abadaLa?Ziningi izinto ezingabangela ukukhula kwezibele emadodeni:• Izinguquko kumahomoni ngenxa yokukhula (ukuba namazinga aphansi

e-testosterone namazinga aphezulu e-estrogen).• Ukwanda kwamafutha emzimbeni, okungabangela ukunyuka

kwamazinga e-estrogen.• Imithi kanye nezinye izinto (bheka ithebula).

• Ezinye izinkinga zezempilo — Izimo eziphetha ngokwehla kwamazinga e-testosterone (ezibizwa nge-hypogonadism), ezifana ne-Klinefelter syndrome noma izinkinga zendlala ye-pituitary.

— Indlala ye-thyroid esebenza ngokweqile (hyperthyroidism). — Isifo sesibindi. — Isifo sezinso nokungasebenzi ngendlela efanele kwezinso. — Izigaxa ezisemasendeni, ezindlaleni ze-adrenal, noma ze-pituitary.

Noma kunjalo, ngesinye isikhathi ayitholakali imbangela.

I-gynecomastia

IphEpha LamaphUZU

www.hormone.orgiphepha lamaphuzu e-gynecomastia

I-Hormone Health network inikeza ngezinsiza zamahhala ngolwazi oluseqophelweni eliphezulu kakhulu ngokwelashwa ngokwesayensi oluthathwe ku-endocrine society (www.endocrine.org). Injongo ye-network wukusiza iziguli ekubeni ngezifundisiwe zibe ngezizibandakanyayo, nezaziyo zibe ngeziyingxenye yokwelashwa kwazo kwezempilo. Iphepha lamaphuzu nalo liyatholakala isingisi lapha www.hormone.org.

abahLeLi

Bradley D. anawalt, mDGlenn D. Braunstein, mDalvin m. matsumoto, mD

Masingana 2011

ihLoLwa kaNjaNi i-gYNecomastia?Udokotela wakho uzokubuza imibuzo mayelana nesifo esikuphethe nemithi ojwayele ukuyithatha, ehlanganisa nemithi oyilanda ekhemisi. Ngesikhathi ekuhlola emzimbeni, udokotela wakho uzobheka izicubu zezibele ukuze abone ukuthi ngabe ukukhula kwezibele okwe-gynecomastia noma esinye isifo. Ezinye izimbangela zokukhula kwezibele zihlanganisa ukunqwabelana kwamafutha, izigaxa eziyizimila, ukukhula kwezicubu ezibeleni (benign tumors), nezigaxa ezigcwele amanzi (cysts). Udokotela uzobheka ukuthi awunazo yini izimpawu zesifo somdlavuza wamabele, isifo esingavamile emadodeni. Udokotela wakho uzohlola amasende ukuthi angakanani abheke nokuthi azikho yini izigaxa.

Kungenzeka ukuthi udokotela wakho enze izincomo zokuthi uyohlolelwa nokunye futhi:• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze kubhekwe amazinga amahomoni.• Ukuhlolwa ukuze kubhekwe ukuthi isibindi, izinso, ne-thyroid

kusebenza ngendlela efanele yini.• Ukuhlolwa okukhipha izithombe, okufana ne-ultrasound noma ne-CT

scan ukuze kubhekwe ukuthi zikhona yini izigaxa.• I-mammogram ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi awunaso yini isifo somdlavuza

wamabele.

iYiphi iNdLeLa YokweLapha i-gYNecomastia?Ngesinye isikhathi kuye kudingeke ukuthi uthathe imithi. Ngesinye isikhathi, indlela yokwelashwa incika kumbangela yokukhula kwezibele. Uma imbangela kuwumuthi noma ezinye izinto, udokotela uzokucebisa ukuthi ukuyeke, noma ukuthi ushintshele komunye umuthi. Uma lokhu kubangelwe isifo, uzokwelashelwa isifo ngendlela okudingeka ngayo.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zibandakanya• Imithi ivimba umthelela we-estrogen ezicutshini zezibele

(ikakhulukazi kwabesilisa osekunesikhathi eside bene-gynecomastia)• Ukuhlinzwa ukuze kukhishwe izicubu zezibele (ikakhulukazi

emadodeni anezicubu zezibele eziningi noma osekunesikhathi bene-gynecomastia). Nomakunjalo, awuhlinzwa kuze kube kwelashwe isisusa sokukhula kwezibele.

YiNi okumeLe uYeNze uma ukhathazekiLe NgokukhuLa kwezibeLe?Kungcono ukuthi uxoxisane nodokotela wakho ngakho. Ukuhlolwa kungakhomba ukuthi kubangelwe yini ukukhula kwezibele. Uma ukukhula kwezibele kungokwesikhashana, udokotela wakho angakuqinisekisa lokhu. Uma kufanele welashwe udokotela angaxoxisana nawe ngezinto ongakhetha phakathi kwazo.

imibuzo okumele uyibuze udokotela wakho• zikhuliswa yini izibele zami?• Yiziphi izinhlobo zokwelashwa engingakhetha

kuzona?• iyiphi ingozi nokuhle ngendlela yokwelashwa

ngayinye?• Ngabe ngiyadinga yini ukuyobonana nodokotela

osebenza ngezifo ezibangelwa ukungasebenzi ngendlela efanele kwamahomoni (endocrinologist)?

imithombo• Thola i-Endocrinologist: www.hormone.org noma ushayele ucingo

ku-1-800-HORMONE (1-800-467-6663)• Imininingwane nge-gynecomastia etholakala e-mayo Clinic:

www.mayoclinic.com/health/gynecomastia/DS00850• I-medlineplus: www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003165.htm• Inhlangano yoDokotela bemindeni (FamilyDoctor.org):

Vakashela ku-http://familydoctor.org ubheke isihloko esithi izinkinga zamabele kubantu besilisa

• Isibhedlela sezingane sase-Boston (Children’s hospital Boston): www.childrenshospital.org/az/Site978/mainpageS978P1.html

ImIthI NezINye IzINto ezINgabaNgela I-gyNecomastIaamahomoni

Imithi evimbela ukukhiqizwa noma evimba ukusebenza kwamahomoni abantu besilisa, efana nemithi yokwelapha umdlavuza wendlala ededela noma evimba amanzi omshobingo kumuntu wesilisa

amanye amaphilisi abulala amagciwane (antibiotics)

eminye imithi evimbela izilonda ezingaphakathi

ezinye izindlela zokwelapha isifo somdlavuza (chemotherapy)

eminye imithi yezifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi

eminye imithi yokugula okuphathelene nokuphila kwengqondo, ezifana nokukhathazeka kakhulu, ingcindezi nokungaphili kahle kwengqondo

Uphuzo oludakayo (ukuphuza kakhulu uphuzo oludakayo)

Izidakamizwa nemithi engekho emthethweni: am-amphetamine, ama-anabolic steroid nama-androgen (asetshenziswa abanye osozinyama nabadlali bezemidlalo ukuze benze ngcono emidlalweni yabo), i-heroin, nensangu

eminye imithi ethengwa ekhemisi, izinezelo ezinamakhambi ezinama-phytoestrogen (izitshalo ezinjenge-estrogen), nezinto zokugcoba, ezifana nalezo eziqukethe i-lavender noma i-tea tree oil