i. implementation strategies for transit-oriented development - gb arrington -- cnu 17
TRANSCRIPT
pb placemaking
• Scale matters• Walking & TOD• Travel & TOD• Implementation
focus• Transit for TOD
MetroCities TODDubai UAE
pb placemaking
Scale matters
pb placemaking
• TOD in Community– How will TOD add
value? Be a place?
Unlocking the key to eachstations identity
• TOD in Region– Where does the
station fit in?• TOD in Corridor
– Stations relationshipto other stations?
pb placemaking
More than a Parcel,More than a Project
• Create a walkable district– Area w/in a 5 minute walk– Approximately 125 acres– Walkable complete community
• Most “TODs” don’t meet this standard– Requires broader strategy,
cooperation– Understanding the bar needs
to be higher Santa Ana Station Development
Santa Ana TOD
pb placemaking
Plaza surrounds station•240 units•125k retail•375k officeUrban in thesuburbs
Round at Beaverton Central
pb placemaking
Pearl District PortlandFormer rail yard & warehouses
Before
• Public & privatedevelopment agreement– Housing– Infrastructure– Parks
• Development since1997 $750m+
• 2700+ units built• 131 units per acre
minimum density
pb placemaking
Walking density & TOD
pb placemaking
Distance & Mode Share
54%83%31%10%½ mile
41%66%43%23%¼ mile
29%48%54%35%At station
ResidentialOfficeResidentialOffice
Auto Mode ShareMetrorail Mode ShareDistance fromstation
• 35% of office trips right at the station entrance• Office mode share drops about 1% every 100 ft• ½ mile residential share 200% higher than office
2005 WMATA Development-Related Ridership Survey
pb placemaking
Density, Distance & TOD• Two density dimensions
– Horizontaldistance from station
– Verticaldevelopment intensity
• Density & use– Concentrate office &
retail near station– Increasing % of
residential awayfrom station
Tysons Corner, VA
intensityguide
2.5 75 10Minutes walk from station
Employment GradientResidential Gradient
pb placemaking
TOD Travel & Parking
pb placemaking
TODs create less traffic
• TOD residents are:– Twice as likely not to own
a car as US Households– 5 times more likely to
commute by transit thanothers in region
• Self-selection:– Responsible for up to
40% of TOD ridershipbonus
pb placemaking
TCRP Report 128
• Detailed look at 17 built TODs• All multi-family residential• Four US Metro areas
– Washington, DC– Philadelphia / NJ– San Francisco– Portland
• Measured actual performance– Trips compared to ITE
http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_128.pdf
pb placemaking
Disconnect with ITE guidance
• Suburban bias w/ existing parking standards– Assumes everyone drives– Based on limited observations – from Florida
• Overstates TOD trip generation– A result is higher development fees– 24 hr based rates 50% high
• Parking likely overstated by same amount
pb placemaking
ITE Trip Manual6.67 trips per unit
TOD housing generates 50% lesstraffic than conventional housing
Detailed countsof 17 residential TODs3.55 trips per unit
pb placemaking
10 Trips
6.67 Trips
3.55 Trips
SingleFamily
MultifamilyMultifamilyTOD
TODs behave Differently
Daily car trips for 50 dwellings
• SF 500• MF 333• TOD MF 177
pb placemaking
Easy & Legal
pb placemaking
Orenco Station
• 190-acre TOD• 1,834 units minimum• Vertical mixed-use
town center• TOD zoning• 1st urban product in
Portland’s suburbs• 18.2% mode split
LRT Station
LRT Station
pb placemaking
Focus on implementation
pb placemaking
New plan & tools• New land use plan• New standards for streets• New design guidelines• New implementing authority• New financial tools• Demonstration projects
Transforming Tysons Corner
pb placemaking
Portland Metro TOD Program
• Public Investments to Help Offset Added Costsof Mixed Use Higher Density Projects– TOD Easements and land write-downs– Funding to offset “cost premiums”– Increased transit use as threshold test
pb placemaking
Stations for Urbanism
pb placemaking
M
DuPont Circle, Washington, D.C.
M
M
Branch Ave, suburban Washington
pb placemaking
Auto
-Orie
nted
Tra
nsit
Developm
ent-Oriented Transit
pb placemaking
Linking Stations & TOD
Three ways to think of a station• Focal point of a place• Incorporated into a place• Secondary to a place
Stations can helpdefine the mostimportant places
Portland The Round
London
pb placemaking
More growth less impact
pb placemaking
Rx to grow & reduce travel
• Density increased• Limit & manage parking• Solve for walking• Grid of small streets• Transform transit• Increased residential mix• Office & retail closest to transit• TOD outright permitted use
Tysons Corner