icm mẫu mới

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B1-2-TMT

THUYT MINH TI NGHIN CUKHOA HC V PHT TRIN CNG NGH1

I. THNG TIN CHUNG V TI

1 Tn ti

Nghin cu hon thin quy trnh v xy dng m hnhqun l cy trng tng hp (ICM) trn cy c ph chocc vng sinh thi khc nhau

2 M s (c cp khi H s trngtuyn)

3 Thi gian thc hin: ..60.... thng 4 Cp qun l

(T thng 01/2012 n thng 12/2016) Nh nc B

Tnh C s

5 Kinh ph ...... 10000.triu ng, trong :

Ngun Tng s

- T Ngn sch s nghip khoa hc10000

- T ngun t c ca t chc

- T ngun khc

6 Thuc Chng trnh (Ghi r tn chng trnh, nu c), M s:

Thuc chng trnh sn phm quc gia

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8 Ch nhim ti

H v tn:............ L Ngc Bu..................................Ngy, thng, nm sinh: .......1956................................ Nam/ N: .....Nam............................

Hc hm, hc v: ............ Tin s Nng nghip............

Chc danh khoa hc: .... Nghin cu vin chnh..........Chc v...... Vin trng.................

in thoi:

T chc: ... 0500.3862022.... Nh ring: .............................. Mobile: . 0913434007...........

Fax: ... 0500.3862097....................... E-mail: ......... [email protected].........................

Tn t chc ang cng tc:.......... Vin Khoa hc K thut Nng lm nghip Ty Nguyn.

a ch t chc:......... 53 Nguyn Lng Bng, Bun Ma Thut, ak Lak..........................

................................................................................................................................................

a ch nh ring: .............. Thn 10, Ho Thng, Bun Ma Thut, ak Lak.......................

9 Th k ti

H v tn:....................................................................

Ngy, thng, nm sinh: ............................................... Nam/ N: ..........................................

Hc hm, hc v: .........................................................

Chc danh khoa hc: ........................................... Chc v: ............................................

in thoi:

T chc: ............................... Nh ring: ............................... Mobile: .................................

F E il

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Ngn hng: .... Kho bc Nh nc tnh ak Lak...................................................................

Tn c quan ch qun ti: ......... B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn.....................

...............................................................................................................................................

11 Cc t chc phi hp chnh thc hin ti (nu c)

1. T chc 1 : ......................................................................................................

Tn c quan ch qun ..................................................................................................

in thoi: ...................................... Fax: ..............................................................................

a ch: ..................................................................................................................................H v tn th trng t chc: ................................................................................................

S ti khon: ..........................................................................................................................

Ngn hng: ............................................................................................................................

2. T chc 2 : ......................................................................................................

Tn c quan ch qun ..................................................................................................

in thoi: ...................................... Fax: ..............................................................................

a ch: ..................................................................................................................................

H v tn th trng t chc: ................................................................................................

S ti khon: ..........................................................................................................................

Ngn hng: ............................................................................................................................

12 Cc cn b thc hin ti

(Ghi nhng ngi c ng gp khoa hc v ch tr thc hin nhng ni dung chnh thuc t chc

ch tr v t chc phi hp tham gia thc hin ti, khng qu 10 ngi k c ch nhim ti)

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8

9

10

II. MC TIU, NI DUNG KH&CN V PHNG N T CHC THC HIN TI

13 Mc tiu ca ti (Bm stv c th ho nh hng mc tiu theo t hng - nu c)

Mc tiu chung:Nng cao cht lng sn phm, hiu qu kinh t v tnh bn vng trong sn xut c ph

Vit Nam; Lm c s cho xy dng v trin khai quy trnh sn xut VietGAP trn cy c ph.Mc tiu c th:

1. Nghin cu hon thin cc gii php k thut trong qun l cy trng tng hp trn cy cph: (gii php qun l dinh dng tng hp - INM, gii php qun l su bnh hi tnghp - IPM, gii php qun l nc tng hp - IWM).

2. Xc nh gii php k thut canh tc ph hp cho b ging c ph mi sn xut c phnguyn liu cht lng cao (c cu b ging ph hp cho tng vng sinh thi trn c s riv thu hoch, d qun l sn phm ch bin, m bo ng u v kch c ht; ch bn phn; to hnh...).

3. xut quy trnh qun l cy trng tng hp (ICM) i vi cy c ph t hiu qu kinh tcao v bn vng (nng sut n nh t 3 - 3,5 tn i vi ging c v 4 - 4,5 tn nhn/hai vi ging mi).

Xy dng cc m hnh sn xut ICM cho cc vng sinh thi trng c ph chnh (ging c ph c vmi).

14 Tnh trng ti

Mi K tip hng nghin cu ca chnh nhm tc gi

K tip nghin cu ca ngi khc

15 T t h h h hi l ii ti h i d hi

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ICM (Integrated Crop Management) l mt khi nim bao qut v cch thc qun l cy trng :

t c hiu qu kinh t ti u, cc gi tr u vo nh ho cht v nng lng m bo

chnh xc; S dng hiu qu cc mi tng tc gia cc gi tr u vo;

Khuyn khch li dng cn trng t nhin v b tr t ai, cy trng sao cho kim sotc su bnh hi v pht trin ca c di;

Ci thin ph t thng qua vic lun canh v cc bin php canh tc cy trng hp l;

Duy tr hoc lm tng li nhun; c bit ch tng li nhun hn l gi tr thu nhp thng

qua nng sut cy trng; Gim thiu nguy c gy bt li i vi mi trng;

Lm km hm hoc trnh c s hnh thnh cc loi su bnh hi hoc c di khng ccloi ho cht hoc cc tc nhn phng tr sinh hc.

Khng c mt h thng qun l ICM l tng ph hp cho tt c cc iu kin kh hu v t ai.Nguyn tc ca ICM l tu vo iu kin c th m p dng cc b quyt hoc gii php k thut thit k chin lc ICM ti u.

Cng theo Hip hi Ho Nng hc ca Anh (Rling, N.G and Wagemakers, M.A.E., 1998) thICM l mt phng php canh tc m bo cn bng cc yu cu v qun l hiu qu sn xut ctrch nhim vi tnh mn cm i vi mi trng. N bao gm cc bin php k thut trnh gylng ph, lm tng hiu qu s dng vt t v hn ch ti thiu nhim mi trng. ICM l s kthp tt nht ca cng ngh hin i vi cc nguyn tc c bn ca k thut canh tc tt cho c mtqu trnh sn xut, c tnh chin lc lu di. Mc tiu ca qun l cy trng tng hp l gimthiu nhng can thip khng ng c bo v cy trng v b sung cc yu cu nhm to nn li

nhun cao nht theo cc nguyn l ca ICM. Cch tip cn v cc gii php qun l ca ICM

Cch tip cn ICM ph thuc rt ln vo qu trnh pht trin v p dng cc tin b k thut mih l h d h ii h k h i i ii h h i h h

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ph giao dch trn th gii thuc hai loi ny. c trng mi v c ph Arabica l m du, thm,chua ngt v th cht nh; ca mi v c ph Robusta l hi cht, t thm, trung tnh (khng chua,

khng nng) nhng th cht m . Hm lng cht ca-ph-in trong ht c ph ch khong 1,2-1,7% v trong ht c ph vi khong 2,5-3,5%.

Chng trnh ci tin ging c ph ch ca hu ht cc nc l tp trung vo vic nng cao nngsut v cht lng nc ung. Ngoi ra ty iu kin tng nc m mc tiu chn lc c b sungthm nh kch thc ht, hm lng cafein thp, kh nng chu hn, chu sng gi, mang tnhkhng cao i vi cc loi su bnh hi ch yu, c bit l bnh g st (Charrier, 1982; Walyaro,1983; Muller, 1984).

Cng tc chn lc v lai to cc ging c ph vi c nng sut cao, cht lng p ng c yucu xut khu, khng bnh g st, c thc hin nhiu nc trng c ph vi trn th giinh: Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Madagascar, Uganda... Vic chn cy m kch c ht ln l rt quantrng cho vic to ging c c ht ln. cc nc trng c ph, tiu chun chn lc ging c khilng ht giao ng t 16 - 18 g/100 ht (Charrier & Berthaud, 1988).

Cc ging c ph ch hu ht c kh nng chu hn hn c ph vi. Tuy nhin trong cng mt loith gia cc ging cng c s khc nhau rt ln v kh nng chu hn. Theo Vander wossen (2001),vic chn cc ging c ph vi c kh nng chu hn tt cn quan tm h thng r di v m su.

Theo Eskes (2004), t nng sut cao, cht lng tt th chn lc ging l iu quan trng cbn. Nh vy, vic chn lc c b ging c ph thch hp s gip ngi nng dn c cnhng cy trng c nng sut cao p ng c nhng h thng trng trt khc nhau v tng sckhng bnh i vi cc bnh nghim trng trn cy c ph nh bnh g st v bnh qu (CBD).Trong vng 10-15 nm ti vic chn ging nhm ti chn ging c kh nng khng bnh i vituyn trng v su b (c bit l su n l cy c ph v su gy kh cnh kh qu trn qu cph) bng cch khai thc u th lai ca cc ging cy lai c ph Arabica v c ph Canephora; vbng vic ci thin phm cht ht c ph l yu t quyt nh n cht lng (nht l i vi c phCanephora).

a hnh, kh hu v t ai vng trng

a hnh c nh hng mnh ti ch nhit m Nhng thay i v thi tit (nng ma nng

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S tn cng ca cn trng v nm bnh trn vn cy nu khng c phng tr kp thi th ngoinh hng n sn lng, cn nh hng nhiu ti cht lng. Cc qu b hi bi mt c qu

thng to ra cc ht thng v b nh li "ht b su hi". Cc qu b nm bnh thng cht khtrn cy, to ra cc ht en hay cc ht teo lp. Cht lng nc ung rt km do c v ng kh,khng sch v thiu th cht.

Nghin cu ca Cng ty T vn EDE ti Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica nhn thy rng nng dnch bn khong 6 % lng phn bn dng cho c ph (EDE Consulting for Coffee - Ph. Jobin, LesCafes Produits dans le Monde, 1996 - Adapted by EDE). iu ny dn n hu qu l nng sut,v cht lng c ph khng cao ngay ti ng rung.

Ngoi gii php v ging th gii php v qun l dinh dng tng hp INM cng c quan tmtrong sn xut c ph Brasil. Nhm mc ch t c nng sut 3 tn c ph nhn/ha, v cn cvo tng lng dinh dng hp thu trong cy/nm, cc nh khoa hc khuyn co lng phnbn nh sau: N = 170; P2O5 = 60; K2O = 180; MgO = 20 v S = 16 - 30 (kg/ha/nm).

Kh khn ln nht hin nay i vi ngi sn xut c ph l hin tng suy gim v nng sut vcht lng ca c ph. Nguyn nhn ca s suy gim ny ch yu l do cc dch hi nguy him v ang gy hi trn cy c ph. gii quyt vn ny cn phi p dng cc gii php bn vngtrong vic phng tr cc loi dch hi ny. Qun l dch hi tng hp (IPM) l mt gii php ang

mang li hiu qu tt nht v c p dng ti nhiu vng trng c ph trn th gii; v d nhvng Shahara ca Chu Phi (Peter v cng s, 2003), IPM cn c p dng trit vi quy mnng h cn xut nh Malawi (Rory v cng s, 2003).

i vi su hi th i tng quan trng nh hng n nng sut c ph n l mt c cnh.Trong qun l IPM th khuyn co dng bin php c gii l ch yu nh to hnh thng thong,ct b cnh b hi em t (ct cch vt hi t 5 - 7 cm v pha thn chnh) t thng 9 tr i; duy trlng cy che bng thch hp v thot nc tt cng l gii php qun l loi su hi ny hiu qu.

Costa Rica, ngi ta cng chn lc c mt vi dng c ph Robusta c kh nng p ng caovi M. exigua, trong T3757, T3751 v T3561 l nhng dng ni tri nht. Brazil, ngi ta xc nh c gc ghp khng vi Meloidogyne spp. v nhiu ging c ph Robusta apoata c khnng khng cao vi M. incognita (Carlos & Wintgens, 2004).

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bng c s dng nhiu nht l cy si l bc (Grevillea robusta) v cy vng (Errythrinalithosperma) nh vo c im d nhn ging v sinh trng nhanh. Ngoi ra cy mt cng dng

lm cy che bng nh c b r n su. Ti Indonesia cy vng v cy keo du (Leucoena sp.)thng c s dng lm cy che bng nhiu nht.

Khamyong (1989) khi nghin cu h thng nng lm kt hp cho c ph ch b tr trn ng phnthy vng ni pha Bc Thi Lan, cho thy hm lng m trong t cc vn c cy che bngc ci thin r so vi vng khng c cy che bng.

Cy che bng cn ng mt vai tr sng cn trong vic duy tr h sinh thi v cn cho tiu kh huti cc n in trng c ph, nn lun duy tr mt tn l che bng hai tng bao gm c cy chebng tm thi tng thp v cy che bng thng xuyn tng cao. Kt qu nghin cu n i vi c ph ch che bng ti u l 50% v c ph vi l 30% (Package of practices for organiccoffee, 2000).

Roskoski (1980) nhn thy xc l cy che bng cung cp khong 80 kg N/ha/nm, tng dinh dngtr li cho t cao hn dinh dng do cy ly i. Cy che bng h u c nh c khong 40 kgN/ha/nm.

Cc kt qu nghin cu ca Haarer 1962 Kenya, Bouharmont 1997 Cameroon, Deuss 1967 Ivory Coast u cho thy t gc cho c ph thi k kin thit c bn lm tng nng sut r rt.c bit nghin cu ti Tanzania cho thy cc bin php t gc cng lm tng nng sut ccvn c ti do r cy pht trin tt hn.

Ti mt trm nghin cu nng nghip Yangambi ngi ta o cc h c kch thc 50 x 50 x50 cm lun phin 4 pha ca cy c ph chn vi 300 kg cht xanh trong 9 nm, kt qu nngsut c ph tng 14 %.

Kinh nghim cc nghin cu ngoi nc v ICM c ph

EU tin hnh tng hp nghin cu v ICM cho cc loi cy trng (9 h thng ICM khc nhau),kt qu cho thy ch c 1 h thng ICM cho gi thnh sn xut cao, cn li a s l c gi thnh snxut thp hn so i chng. EU cng kt lun rng ICM dn n gi thnh sn xut thp hn chyu c lin quan n vic gim s dng thuc tr su v phn bn ho hc. Kt qu nghin cu

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(Integrated pest management of coffee for small scale farmers in East Africa, November, 2004).

Trong ICM i vi c ph th IPM l gii php qun l c cc nc trng c ph ch quan tm

hng u v c lin quan n cc loi bnh nguy him lm gim nghim trng nng sut c ph. TiKenya, bnh hi qu c ph CBD gy thit hi nghim trong i vi sn xut c ph ch. V vycc nh khoa hc nghin cu chn c ging Ruiru 11 l ging khng bnh ny. Sau khi thayb ging th hiu qu sn xut c ph tng ln r do gim chi ph s dng thuc ho hc phng trbnh. Ti Brasil v Columbia, cc nh khoa hc khuyn co s dng ging Catimor khng cbnh r st thay cho ging Caturra trong quy trnh ICM. Kt qu l nng sut c ph tng, chi phsn xut gim do gim lng thuc ho hc phun phng tr bnh r st v mi trng khng b nhim so vi s dng ging c.

Vng ng v Trung Phi (Growing coffee with IPM, 1998), cc nh khoa hc cng xc nh ctrong cc gii php k thut ca quy trnh ICM th vn qun l ging l c tnh quyt nh nhhng n hiu qu sn xut. Trc y sn xut c ph ch b thit hi nghim trng do loi bnhgy rng qu CBD, sau p dng gii php dng ging khng bnh ny ghp trn gc ca gingb nhim bnh CBD. Kt qu nng sut v hiu qu kinh t ca sn xut c ph tng ln ng k,gim c chi ph u vo do khng dng thuc ho hc phng tr loi bnh ny.

n (Coffee Guide, 2003), ICM cho c ph thng ch trng n cc gii php qun l k

thut nh qun l chua t, qun l dinh dng, qun l ti nc, qun l su bnh hi.V qun l dinh dng cho c ph, cc kt qu nghin cu xut bn phn theo nng sut thuhoch t c l gii php c hiu qu kinh t v mi trng. Trung bnh c 100 kg c ph nhnthu hoch c th bn 10:7:10 kg (N:P2O5:K2O). Ngoi ra tng hiu qu s dng phn ln, ccloi phn sinh hc c cha vi sinh vt phn gii ln c khuyn co p dng tng ln d tiutrong t cung cp cho cy c ph, t gim c lng phn ln bn vo. S dng tn d thcvt (l c ph rng) cng c khuyn co trong quy trnh qun l dinh dng cho cy c ph n.

i tng cng rt quan trng trong quy trnh ICM cho c ph n l vn su bnh hi. Vvy vic qun l cc i tng nh bnh r st, bnh nm hng v bnh hi r c ph rt c quantm. Qun l bnh r st th dng cc loi thuc nh dung dch Bordeaux 0,5% phun 3 ln/nm

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2005).

Mt trong nhng cch qun l cy c ph tng hp (ICM) Mexico l gim u t phn bn bng

vic che ph t vi cy h u. Mt phng php truyn thng trong canh tc c ph l s dngcy h u che ph, nhng loi cy ny ng mt vai tr trong sn xut c ph bi s c nh msinh hc ca chng. Tm quan trng ca vic c nh m c nh gi qua bn h thng: Ch cc ph, c ph v cy h u Inga jinicuil, c ph v Inga vera H.B. and K., v c ph vi cam vchui. Kt qu cho thy l h thng vi cy h u Inga jinicuil c nh m cao nht tng ng>40kg N/ha/nm v s c nh m ca h thng ny vi lng trung bnh 53% lng phn bnm p dng hng nm. Do ngh rng cy h u l mt ngun m quan trng cho h thngsinh thi nng nghip c ph v lm gim chi ph u t phn bn (Roskoski J.P., 2005).

Nhn xt chung: ICM cho c ph cc nc l khng ging nhau, tu vo nhiu yu t hoc mts no c nh hng trc tip n nng sut, n u t chi ph v gi thnh m ngi ta tptrung nghin cu ra gii php qun l ph hp. Tuy nhin mc tiu cui cng ca ICM cho cph l s dng ngun lc u vo hp l, tit kim song nng sut vn cao, gi thnh thp hn, dovy li nhun thu li ca nng dn cao hn; ti nguyn c khai thc c hiu qu v bn vng;mi trng t hoc khng b nhim.

Trong nc(Phn tch, nh gi tnh hnh nghin cu trong nc thuc lnh vc nghin cu ca ti, c bit phi nu c th c nhng kt qu KH&CN lin quan n ti m cc cn btham gia ti thc hin. Nu c cc ti cng bn cht v ang c thc hin cpkhc, ni khc th phi gii trnh r cc ni dung k thut lin quan n ti ny; Nu pht hinc ti ang tin hnh m ti ny c th phi hp nghin cu c th cn ghi r Tn ti,Tn Ch nhim ti v c quan ch tr ti )

Hin nay cha c mt m hnh mang tnh qun l k thut tng hp c nghin cu khuyn

co p dng trong sn xut c ph nhm gim chi ph u vo v tng thu nhp cho ngi nngdn, cc nghin cu cn dng nhng bin php qun l k thut n l m cha c s p dngtng hp cc bin php trong sn xut c ph nh qun l ging, canh tc, bo v thc vt, thuhoch v ch bin bo qun sn phm. Do vn cha c nhng m hnh qun l cy trng tng

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khu ca Vit Nam trong thi gian ti.

Cc ging c ph mi do WASI chn to bc u c nng dn quan tm dng thay i

ging c bng phng php ghp ci ti, song quy m cha nhiu to bc t ph v nng sutv cht lng. Theo thng k bng ngun ging m WASI cung cp cho nng dn th din tchdng ging mi Ty Nguyn (c phng php ghp ci to, dng ging ghp trng thay thging c) ch khong 3.000 ha tiu chun (1.111 cy/ha). Nu quy ghp ci to th din tchtng ng khong 15.000 ha. Tuy nhin nhiu nng dn sau khi trng hoc ghp thay th gingmi khng p dng cc gii php k thut ph hp nn nng sut thu hoch khng n nh,thm ch cy b d sau v thu hoch th nht.

Qun l ti nc c ph

V qun l ti nc cho c ph vi vo giai on kinh doanh, cc nghin cu ca WASI t 1995 -1999 (L Ngoc Bu - 1999) xc inh lng nc ti cho c ph kinh doanh i vi ti phunma t 600 - 700 m3/ha/ln; i vi ti d t 500 - 600 lt/gc/ln vi chu k ti l t 20 - 25ngy/ln. Ti ln u th lng nc cao hn so vi nh mc t 10 - 15 %. Nguyn ng MinhChnh v Dave D'Haeze (2003) khi nghin cu lng nc ti cho c ph (cc dng v tnh chnlc nng sut cao) xc nh c lng nc ti cho c ph vi kinh doanh l 520 lt/h/lnt hiu qu kinh t cao nht vi chu k ti dao ng t 25 - 28 ngy. Cc nghin cu ca WASI

v ti nc cho c ph cng kt lun rng k thut ti d s tit kim chi ph ti t 10 - 20 % sovi ti phun ma (cha cp n chi ph u t thit b ti ban u). Vic ti nc y ,hp l cng gp phn ci thin cht lng ht c ph nhn, song khi ti mt lng cao th khngc xu hng ci thin nng sut v kch c ht m cn tng chi ph ti, gy lng ph ngun nc(L Ngc Bu, Dave A. D'haeze, Nguyn ng Minh Chnh, 2003). Cc kt qu nghin cu nycng c khuyn co p dng trong sn xut, song nng dn vn cha p dng nhiu do chac nhiu m hnh chuyn giao trong sn xut (nng dn vn ti mt lng nc thng caohn khuyn co t 20 - 50 %, chu k ti ngn v c xu hng ti sm nn chi ph ti nc

chim t l kh cao trong tng chi ph u t).Qun l phn bn c ph

V qun l dinh dng cho cy c ph, WASI c cc cng trnh nghin cu v t l, liu lng,

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ma ma th c th gim lng phn bn khong 10 - 20 %. Trong trng hp hn ko di hocma dm di ngy vo giai on qu c ph ang ln nhanh th vic p dng hnh thc b sungdinh dng qua l bng cc loi phn chuyn dng th s khc phc c hin tng rng qu, duytr c nng sut v sn lng vn cy. Trong qun l dinh dng cho c ph, bin php lmbn, o rnh p v xi xo cng c khuyn co tng h s s dng phn bn. Kt qu nghincu ca WASI cho thy o rnh p tn d thc vt lm tng h s s dng phn bn 30,2 %(trn t bazan) v 16,6 % (trn t granite).

Cc iu tra, nghin cu v phn bn cho c ph ca WASI nhn thy rng nng dn s dng phnbn khng hp l, lng bn qu cao so vi nhu cu ca cy v nng sut t c, nhiu nngdn bn ln n 1.000 kg N/ha, 200 - 500 kg P2O5/ha v 500 - 700 kg K2O/ha, song nng sut bnh

qun cng ch t t 3 - 3,5 tn nhn/ha. Khi gi c ph tng th vic s dng phn bn cho c phca nng dn tng cao v cng b mt cn i gi cc nguyn t a, trung v vi lng. Vic sdng phn bn khng hp l (bn khng cn i gia N, P, K) khng nhng khng tng nng sutm c nguy c lm gim cht lng ht c ph nhn sng thng qua t l cp ht R1 (TrngHng, 2000).

Kt qu nghin cu ca ti "p dng cc tin b khoa hc cng ngh nng cao nng sut vcht lng c ph vi kinh doanh ak Lak" do WASI tin hnh t nm 2000 - 2003 cho thy pdng gii php k thut bn phn da vo ph t v nng sut c ph (m hnh bn phn hpl) gp phn lm gim chi ph u vo v phn bn vo i vi sn xut c ph. Cc vn mhnh bn phn hp l nng sut tng trung bnh l 0,15 tn nhn/ha (5,3 %), gim chi ph u tphn bn (trung bnh l 23,2 %) so vi l i chng bn phn theo cch ca nng dn.

Cc nghin cu ca WASI nm 2007 cng cho thy nng dn s dng phn bn vn cn lng ph,in hnh l bn lng phn cao hn so vi mc nng sut t c t 20 - 70 % c 3 tnh akLak, Gia Lai, Lm ng. Trong bi cnh gi c vt t hin nay th vic s dng phn bn nh vyca nng dn s lm tng chi ph u vo v gim li nhun. Mt khc, bn phn vi lng cao

nhiu nm s c nguy c nhim mi trng t v nc (Trng Hng, 1998). y l vn cnquan tm trong vic qun l tng hp cy trng i vi cy c ph (ICM) Ty Nguyn trong thigian ti.

C h b h h

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ging/dng c ph vi do WASI chn lc hin nay c kh nng khng rt cao vi bnh r st nhTR3, TR4, TR5, TR6, TR7, TR8, TR9. S dng cc ging ny s gim c chi ph u vo trongphng tr bnh r st. Theo Trn Kim Loang, (1999) i vi bnh r st th dng mt trong cc loithuc sau phng tr: Impact 125 SC pha 2 - 4 cc /200 cc nc ti cho 1 gc, Anvil 5 SC(0,2 %) phun 2 - 3 ln cch nhau 1 thng, Tilt 250 EC (0,1 %) phun 2 ln cch nhau 1 thng.

Bnh nm hng cng l loi bnh gy gim nng sut c ph, do vy cng lm tng ch ph uvo. i vi bnh ny cn ch kim tra ng rung thng xuyn. Nu pht hin c bnh, cnct b v t cnh bnh trnh ly lan. C th dng Validacin 3 DD (2 %) hoc Anvil 5 SC (0,2%) phun phng t thng 6, phun 2 ln cch nhau 15 ngy. Nn phun khi cha xut hin nm muhng. Vic to hnh, ta cnh hp l trong ma ma s gip hn ch c s pht sinh, pht trin

ca bnh nm hng.Tuy c nhng khuyn co v s dng thuc phng tr su bnh hi song nhiu nng dn, n vsn xut c ph vn c xu hng s dng thuc bo v thc vt khng theo 4 ng nn hiu qu kthut khng cao, v nng dn c khuynh hng tng nng thuc, lm tng chi ph u vo,c bit c nguy c lm nhim mi trng v gy hi cho ngi s dng. Do vy trong thi gianti cng cn ch tng cng gii php qun l dch hi tng hp (IPM) trn ng rung nhmgip nng dn gim chi ph u vo, tng li nhun v gp phn bo v mi trng sinh thi. Ktqu nghin cu v xy dng m hnh qun l IPM cho c ph ca WASI cho thy c th gim chiph t 500.000 - 1.000.000 ng/ha nhng nng sut v cht lng c ph khng thay i so vii chng.

Ti Vit Nam, quy trnh phng tr tng hp i vi rp sp hi c ph c Vin Khoa hcNng Lm nghip Ty Nguyn v Vin Bo V Thc Vt tin hnh thc hin ti k lk, vngtrng c ph chnh ca Ty Nguyn (Nguyn Th Vng, 2006).

Trnh Quang Php v cng s (2004) cng b mt loi tuyn trng ni k sinh di chuynRadopholus arabocoffeae gy cht hng lot vn c ph ti huyn Krng Nng, k Lk. Cng

theo Trnh Quang Php v cng s (2008 a) thng bo v s phn b thnh phn tuyn trng ksinh gy hi trn cy c ph Vit Nam vi ba loi gy hi chnh l Meloidogyne spp.,P. coffeaev Radopholus arabocoffeae bn cnh cn thm s ph bin ca loi P. brachyurus v mti i A t l h i t i (T i h t l 2008b) Vi hi kh

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qun l v phn bn, qun l v su bnh hi, qun l v to hnh, qun l cy che bng. Cc giiphp k thut ny c xy dng da trn cc c im v sinh l, sinh thi ca cy c ph...

Qui hoch vng trng cho cc loi ging c ph khc nhau:Vic pht trin c ph mt cch t, khng theo mt qui hoch nht nh dn n nhiu h lynh: lm cn kit ngun t ai, ph rng, lm bin i kh hu, lm xi mn t, lm thay i hsinh thi ca vng, lm cho mc nc ngm ngy cng thp, lm ph v s pht trin ca cc cytrng khc, lm gi c ph gim, lm cht lng c ph gim, lm cho chui gi tr c ph mtcng bngBn cnh s pht trin din tch c ph nhanh chng l s pht trin ti cc vngkhng thch hp v to nn s bin i kh hu nn cng ngy c cng nhiu vng khng thch hpvi vic canh tc c ph.

Chnh v vy, vic qui hoch vng trng c ph theo cc iu kin thch hp vi b ging mi, vivng t v kh hu nhm pht trin c ph mt cch bn vng l mt trong nhng cng vic cpbch phi lm.

Xc nh cc gii php v canh tc

C nhiu nghin cu v ging, canh tc to iu kin pht trin, nng cao sn lng v chtlng ca c ph nh: chn to ging, to hnh, ti nc, bn phn, cc loi hnh canh tc, che

bng,. c thc hin trong nhng nm qua ti cc n v c lin quan ti c ph nh: VinKHKT NLN Ty Nguyn, Tng Cng ty c ph, i hc Ty Nguyn..i vi bo v thc vtth cc nghin cu cp n cc ha cht, mt s ch phm tm thi, cc bin php khc nhmhn ch dch hi v tng thin ch.

Tuy nhin mi b ging cn phi c cc gii php v canh tc i km, ph hp vi tng loi vngt khc nhau v i theo l cc bin php bo v thc vt gn lin vi qu trnh sn xut. Trong c bit ch ti nhng yu t tc ng chnh ti h canh tc ca cc ging c ph: bn phn huc (m bo cho pht trin bn vng); cung cp phn vi lng; ti nc tit kim; ti nc ng

thi im theo s pht trin ca qu;S dng thuc bo v thc vt dng sinh hc an ton v d s dng, qun l dch hi tng hp(ICM) trn cc vng khc nhau. iu ny s lm gim nhim mi trng v tng v sinh an ton

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7. Beer J., R. Muschler R., Kass D.and Somarrila E.. Shade management in coffee and cacaoplantation. 2004

8. British Crop Protection Council Technical Commmittee - 19979. Carlos H. J. Brando, Harvesting and Green Coffee Processing. in Coffee Growing,

Processing, Sustainable Production, Wiley-VCH Verlag Gmbh & Co. KgaA, Germany,2004, 605-714.

10. Coffee guide - Central coffee research Institute, Karnataka, 577 117, India, 2003.

11. Good Agricultural pratices for Robusta coffee in Thailand. Department of Agriculture.ISBN: 974 - 436 - 533 - 1.

12. Growing coffee with IPM, A briefing for IPM in Developing Countries Project, EC, 1998

13. Growing coffee with IPM, A briefing for IPM in Developing Countries Project, EC, 1998

14. ICPM for smallholder Arabica coffee. S.Simon, CABI-Africa Regional Center, Nairobi - ,2006.

15. Integrated Crop Management. Iowa State Universirty, June 16, 2003.

16. Integrated Crop Management: a BCPC view, August 1997.

17. Integrated Nutrient Management, Soil Fertility, and Sustainable Agriculture: Current Issuesand Future Challenges. Peter Gruhn, Francesco Goletti, and Montague Yudelman.Washington, DC. 20006 U.S.A, September 2000.

18. Integrated pest management of coffee for small scale farmers in East Africa, November,2004

19. Beer J., Muschler R., Kass D., and Somarrila E., Shade management in coffee and cacao

plantation. 2004.20. Jean Nicolas Wintgens, Coffee: Growing, Processing, Sustai nable Production (A

Guidebook for Growers, Processors, Traders, and Researchers), WILEY-VCH VerlagC bH & C K A 2004

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(Lit k v m t chi tit nhng ni dung nghin cu khoa hc v trin khai thc nghim ph hp

cn thc hin gii quyt vn t ra km theo cc nhu cu v nhn lc, ti chnh v nguyn

vt liu trong ch r nhng ni dung mi , nhng ni dung k tha kt qu nghin cu ca cc

ti trc ; nhng hot ng chuyn giao kt qu nghin cu n ngi s dng, d

kin nhng ni dung c tnh ri ro v gii php khc phc - nu c)

Ni dung 1: .................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................

Ni dung 2: ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

Ni dung 3:................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

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(Trnh by r phng n phi hp: tn cc t chc phi hp chnh tham gia thc hin ti v nidung cng vic tham gia trong ti, k c cc c s sn xut hoc nhng ngi s dng kt qunghin cu; kh nng ng gp v nhn lc, ti chnh, c s h tng-nu c)

20 Phng n hp tc quc t (nu c)

(Trnh by r phng n phi hp: tn i tc nc ngoi; ni dung hp tc- i vi i

tc c hp tc t trc; ni dung cn hp tc trong khun kh ti; hnh thc thc hin.Phn tch r l do cn hp tc v d kin kt qu hp tc, tc ng ca hp tc i vi ktqu ca ti )

21 Tin thc hin

Cc ni dung, cng vicch yu cn c thc hin;

cc mc nh gi ch yu

Kt qu

phi t

Thi gian(bt u,kt thc)

C nhn,t chc

thc hin*

D kin

kinh ph

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 Ni dung 1

- Cng vic 1

- Cng vic 2

2 Ni dung 2-Cng vic 1

Cng vic 2

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.....................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

22.3 Kt qu tham gia o to trn i hcSTT

Cp o to S lng Chuyn ngnh o to Ghi ch

Thc s

Tin s

22.4 Sn phm d kin ng k bo h quyn s hu cng nghip, quyn i vi ging cy trng:

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......................................................................................................................................................

23.4 M t phng thc chuyn giao(Chuyn giao cng nghtrn gi, chuyn giao cng ngh c o to, chuyngiao theo hnh thc tr dn theo t l % ca doanh thu; lin kt vi doanhnghip sn xut hoc gp vn-vi n v phi hp nghin cu hoc vi cs s p dng kt qu nghin cu- theo t l tho thun cng trin khaisn xut; t thnh lp doanh nghip trn c s kt qu nghin cu to ra, ...).................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

24Phm vi v a ch (d kin) ng dng cc kt qu ca ti

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.......................................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................................

V. NHU CU KINH PH THC HIN TI V NGUN KINH PH(Gii trnh chi tit xin xem ph lc km theo)

n v tnh: Triu ng

26 Kinh ph thc hin ti phn theo cc khon chi

Ngun kinh ph Tng s

Trong Tr cnglao ng

(khoahc, phthng)

Nguyn,vt liu,

nnglng

Thitb, my

mc

Xydng,sa

chanh

Chi khc

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Tng kinh ph

Trong :

1 Ngn sch SNKH:- Nm th nht*:- Nm th hai*:- Nm th ba*:

2 Ngun t c ca c quan3 Ngun khc

(vn huy ng, ...)

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(H, tn, ch k, ng du)

i vi ti c lp cp Nh nc

Ngy...... thng ...... nm 200.... Ngy ...... thng ...... nm 200....

Ch nhim ti(H, tn v ch k)

T chc ch tr ti(H, tn, ch k, ng du)

Ngy...... thng ...... nm 200.... Ngy ...... thng ...... nm 200....

Th trngC quan ch qun ti5


B Khoa hc v Cng ngh6


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Ph lcD ton kinh ph ti

n v: triu ng

TTNi dung cc

khon chi

Tng s Ngun vnKinhph

Tl(%)

Ngn sch SNKH Tc

Khc

Tngs

Trong,

khonchi theo

quynh*

Nmth

nht*

Trong,

khonchi theo

quynh*

Nmthhai*

Trong,

khonchi theo

quynh *

Nmthba*

Trong,

khonchi theo

quynh*

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1 Tr cng lao ng

(khoa hc, phthng)

2 Nguyn,vt liu,nng lng

3 Thit b, my mc

4 Xy dng, sa chanh

5 Chi khc

Tng cng:

* Ch d ton khi ti c ph duyt (theo Thng t s 93/2006/TTLT/BTC-BKHCN)

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Gii trnh cc khon chi(Triu ng)

Khon 1. Cng lao ng (khoa hc, ph thng)

TT

Ni dung lao ng

D ton chi tit theoth t ni dung nghincu nu ti mc 17 ca

thuyt minh

Tng s Ngun vn

Mc chi Tng Ngn sch SNKH Tc

Khc

Tngs

Trong,

khonchi theo

quynh*

Nmth

nht*

Trong,

khonchi theo

quynh*

Nmthhai*

Trong,

khonchi theo

quynh*

Nmthba*

Trong,

khonchi theo

quynh*

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 141 Ni dung 1

- Sn phm 1

- Sn phm 2

Tng cng:

* Ch d ton khi ti c ph duyt (theo Thng t s 93/2006/TTLT/BTC-BKHCN)

26

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Khon 2. Nguyn vt liu, nng lngn v: triu ng

TT Ni dung n

v o

S

lng

n

gi

Thnhtin

Ngun vn

SNKH T c KhcTng

sTrong

,khon

chitheoquy

nh*

Nmth

nht*

Trong,

khonchitheoquy

nh *

Nmthhai*

Trong,

khonchitheoquy

nh *

Nmthba*

Trong,

khonchitheoquy

nh *

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 Nguyn, vt liu

(D ton chi tit theo tht ni dung nghin cunu ti mc 17 ca thuytminh)

2 Dng c, ph tng, vtr tin mau hng

3 Nng lng, nhin liu

- Than

- in kWh

- Xng, du

27

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- Nhin liu khc

4 Nc m3

5 Mua sch, ti liu, sliu

Cng:

*Ch d ton khi ti c ph duyt(theo Thng t s 93/2006/TTLT/BTC-BKHCN)

28

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Khon 3. Thit b, my mcn v: triu ng

TT Ni dungMc n

v o

S

lng

n

gi

Thnh

tin

Ngun vn

chi SNKH T c KhcTn

gNmth

nht*

Nmthhai*

Nmthba*

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

I Thit b hin c tham giathc hin ti(ch ghi tnthit b v gi tr cn li,khng cng vo tng kinh ph

ca Khon 3)

II Thit b mua mi

1 Mua thit b, cng ngh

2 Mua thit b th nghim, olng

III Khu hao thit b(ch khaimc ny khi c quan ch trl doanh nghip)

29

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IV Thu thit b (ghi tn thit b,thi gian thu)

V Vn chuyn lp t

Cng:

* Ch d ton khi ti c ph duyt

30

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Khon 4. Xy dng, sa cha nh

TT Ni dung Kinh ph Ngun vn

SNKH T c Khc Tng Nm

thnht*

Nmthhai*

Nm thba*

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 Chi ph xy dng ...... m2 nh xng, PTN

2 Chi ph sa cha ....... m2 nh xng, PTN

3 Chi ph lp t h thng in, nc

4 Chi ph khc

Cng:

* Ch d ton khi ti c ph duyt

31

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Khon 5. Chi khcn v: triu ng

TT Ni dung

Tng s Ngun vn

Mc chi Tng Ngn sch SNKH Tc

Khc

Tngs

Trong,

khonchi theo

quynh*

Nmth

nht*

Trong,

khonchi theo

quynh *

Nmthhai*

Trong,

khonchi theo

quynh *

Nmthba*

Trong,

khonchi theo

quynh *

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1 Cng tc trong nc

(a im, thi gian,s lt ngi)

2 Hp tc quc t

a on ra (nc n,s ngi, s ngy, sln,...)

b on vo (s ngi,s ngy, s ln...)

3 Kinh ph qun l(ca c quan ch tr)

4 Chi ph nh gi,kim tra ni b,nghim thu cc cp

- Chi ph kim tra ni

32

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b

- Chi nghim thutrung gian

- Chi ph nghim thu

ni b- Chi ph nghim thu cp qun l ti

5 Chi khc

- Hi tho

- n lot ti liu, vnphng phm

- Dch ti liu

- ng k bo hquyn s hu tr tu

- Khc

6 Ph cp ch nhim ti

7 Ph cp th k ti

Cng:

*Ch d ton khi ti c ph duyt (theo Thng t s 93/2006/TTLT/BTC-BKHCN)

33

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