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Q/GDNZ.JB.T2-2004

Standard Archive No.: 154-2005

PS 6000＋Automation System

Technical Instructions Manual

GUODIAN NANJING AUTOMATION CO., LTD.

PS 6000+

Automation SystemTechnical Instructions Manual

V 1.0

Guodian Nanjing Automation Co. Ltd.

May 2008

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Safety Statement

Warning: Computer enclosure must not be opened and relevant hardware must not be removed by non-discipline personnel at will, to avoid damage of hardware and personnel injury.

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Version Statement

This instructions manual is applicable to PS 6000+ automation system version V1.0.

1. Software

The software can run on main operating systems such as Windows, UNIX, and Linux.

2. Hardware

PC, workstation, and server.

Product instructions manual revision record sheet

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1 V1.00 Initial version V1.0 2008-5-18

S/N Manual Version No. Abstract of modification Software

version Date of modification

* Technical support: Tel: (025-83537229)

Fax: (025-83537201)

* This instructions manual is subject to modification. Please verify actual product with instructions manual version.

* First version and first printing in May 2008

* Prepared under supervision by the Technical Dept. of Guodian Nanjing Automation Co. Ltd.

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Contents

Safety statement

Version statement

1 General design.................................................................................................................. 2

1.1 Design policy...........................................................................................................21.2 Cross-platform design............................................................................................21.3 Standardized design...............................................................................................31.4 Integrated design....................................................................................................31.5 Intelligent design.....................................................................................................31.6 Internationalized design.........................................................................................3

2 Typical configuration........................................................................................................4

2.1 Central control center.............................................................................................42.1.1 Typical system structure...........................................................................42.1.2 Description of hardware configuration....................................................5

2.2 Substations at 500kV and higher voltage levels.................................................72.3 220kV substation....................................................................................................92.4 Power station supervisory control.......................................................................10

3 Technical characteristics...............................................................................................12

3.1 Powerful cross-platform capabilities...................................................................123.2 Dynamic modeling technology based on meta data and meta rules..............123.3 Graphic guided database input and model building meeting CIM and SVG

standards...............................................................................................................133.4 UNICODE standard internationalized multiple language processing.............143.5 Hierarchical parallel realtime object database..................................................143.6 Application-oriented database cloning technology...........................................143.7 Highly reliable “1+N” multi-unit fault tolerance..................................................153.8 Fully distributed operation of applications.........................................................153.9 Super-buffer and self-restore of historical data................................................153.10 Support of WAN structure....................................................................................163.11 Application of large commercial database.........................................................163.12 Design of integrated anti-false system...............................................................163.13 Expandable graphic and database plug-in structure........................................173.14 Complete management of authorities and responsibility areas......................173.15 Humanized MMI....................................................................................................173.16 Huge database processing capability.................................................................173.17 Flexible customized cross-platform reports.......................................................173.18 Safe and highly efficient issuance of WEB+Ajax..............................................183.19 Provision of powerful secondary development capability................................183.20 Software and hardware combination of high performance-price ratio............18

4 Technical indices............................................................................................................19

4.1 Operating conditions............................................................................................194.1.1 Normal operating atmospheric conditions............................................194.1.2 Surrounding environment.......................................................................194.1.3 Power supply requirements....................................................................19

4.2 Performance indices.............................................................................................195 SCADA functions............................................................................................................20

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5.1 Establishment and maintenance of databases..................................................205.1.1 Classified management of databases...................................................205.1.2 Database definition and maintenance...................................................20

5.2 Data acquisition....................................................................................................215.3 Data processing....................................................................................................215.4 Alarm processing..................................................................................................215.5 Control operations................................................................................................225.6 MMI........................................................................................................................225.7 Tabulation and printing........................................................................................225.8 Calculations and statistics...................................................................................225.9 Event retrospection (PDR)...................................................................................225.10 Event playback......................................................................................................225.11 Management of authorities..................................................................................235.12 Management of responsibility areas...................................................................235.13 Clock synchronization..........................................................................................235.14 System self-diagnosis and switching..................................................................235.15 Anti-false blocking................................................................................................245.16 Remote maintenance...........................................................................................245.17 Third party interfaces...........................................................................................24

6 Senior applications.........................................................................................................24

6.1 Network topological analysis...............................................................................246.2 Programmed operations.......................................................................................246.3 5-misoperation-preventive operation permit system........................................256.4 Voltage reactive automatic control (VQC).........................................................256.5 Non-effective grounding line selection...............................................................266.6 Fault record analysis............................................................................................266.7 Protection and fault information management..................................................266.8 WEB issuance.......................................................................................................27

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PS 6000+ Automation System Technical Instructions Manual

Foreword

Standardized, integrated, intelligent, internationalized, modular, and cross-platform power supervisory control system has become the direction of development of new generation power supervisory control system. For this reason, we have carried out large amount of research. PS 6000+ automation system is a new generation grid supervisory control application platform of our fully new design based on summarizing successful application of more than 2000 sets of power supervisory control systems and oriented to current and future development trend of power automation.

PS 6000+ automation system fully considers layers of platforms and applications, adopts “platforms + applications” hierarchical system structure, features powerful cross-platform characteristics, is compatible with various hardware platforms (server, workstation, PC), can operate on different operating systems (Windows, Linux, Unix), and fully satisfies different demands on operating environment by grid automation system.

System design follows international standards such as IEC61850/IEC61970, supports various applications of central control station/station supervisory control system in a unified manner, integrates SCADA, graphic guided database input and model building, topological analysis, integrated 5-misoperation-preventive system, operation permit management, programmed control, protection information management, simulation training, and other senior applications, and provides complete and mature solutions for central control stations/station supervisory control of various scales.

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1 General design

1.1 Design policy

In R&D of PS 6000+ new generation automation system, we have established “platforms + applications” and cross-platform, standardized, integrated, intelligent, and internationalized strategic guide policy.

By separation of platforms from applications, a platform refers to a general purpose realtime information system platform, while applications refer to various relevant applications constructed on this platform constituting different application systems.

In the new generation system design, platforms and applications are at clearly different layers, with platforms at lower layer and applications at upper layer. Platforms provide services for realization of application functions. Platform services are designed based on demand analysis, summary, and induction for each application, and provide all applications with general purpose service from bottom layer communication to upper interface.

Platforms themselves are irrespective of particular applications. Services provided only serve processing of neutral data. Component type system design allows good openness, configuration property, and expandability of general purpose platforms, which can fully satisfy demands by ever developing grid automation system.

PS 6000+ general purpose platform consists of unified data platform, unified graphic platform, unified network platform, alarm service platform, distributed process fault-tolerant system, model maintenance system, computation service system, security management system, reporting system, and security WEB platform. This general purpose platform features excellent cross-platform characteristics, isolates upper layer applications from bottom layer systems, is downward compatible with various hardware platforms and operating systems, provides second development and operating environment for particular application systems upward, and provides reliable and powerful platform support for highly efficient and stable operation of application systems.

Since PS 6000+ general purpose platform integrates large amount of public services such as database, graphics, network communication, and process management etc., so that application systems constructed above it need not include bottom layer functions, and can fully share various services provided by general purpose platform. Application systems only need to concentrate on development of their own application functions. Therefore, in this type of structure, development of application systems is more flexible, stable, and highly efficient.

Clear definition of layers for PS 6000+ general purpose platform and applications brings about system advantages in many aspects. Two uppermost aspects are:

System structure is very clear and perfection of system subsequent functions can be easily realized; otherwise constant functional modifications will result in vague system structure and ever disorderly system, causing many problems;

Work division for platforms and each application discipline is clear and relevant personnel only need to concentrate on their respective dedicated functional module, so that design of relevant functions is more delicate and system functions and performance level are higher.

1.2 Cross-platform design

This system supports multiple platforms and cross-platform capability. Through high performance encapsulation of mainstream operating system access interface, difference in bottom layer hardware and operating system has been screened, ensuring good flexibility, realtime property, transplantability, and expandability of upper layer application systems.

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This system can operate smoothly on various mainstream versions of operating systems UNIX, LINUX, and Windows. At the same time, mixed platform applications on operating system UNIX, LINUX, and Windows are supported. According to realtime demands and investment of user application systems, system software and hardware configuration can be selected flexibly.

Typical software and hardware systems supported by this system include Solaris based on SUN SPARC, AIX based on IBM RS6000, HP-UX based on ITANIUM, and various LINUX and WINDOWS based on PC hardware platform.

1.3 Standardized design

This system adheres to the principle of standardized design and openness. In this way, it can be ensured that the system is able to closely follow up latest technical development and constantly adopt achievements of various advanced applications. Standardized design allows better openness and expandability of PS 6000+, and easier system applications integration and information exchange.

This system fully supports IEC61970/IEC61850 series international standards and provides various power application systems with common data model, data access, and realization of inter-operation based on international standards.

1.4 Integrated design

Facing trend and requirements of power development, PS 6000 + fully considers various application demands of grid automation system and adopts integrated design to construct open and powerful integration platform.

By means of component services, PS 6000+ general purpose platform provides upper layer application systems with unified business support, including management of system configuration and operation, management of commercial database, management of realtime database, management of network communication, graphic software package, management of authorities, alarm service, computation service, reporting tools, and WEB information issuance etc., and uses unified parallel realtime database integration bus to integrate various applications in a unified manner, including integrated 5-misoperation-preventive system, intelligent operation permit system, programmed control, protection information management, voltage reactive control (VQC), grounding line selection, network topological analysis, and operator simulation training etc., to realize seamless integration and unified management of various application systems.

1.5 Intelligent design

PS 6000+ realizes cross-platform graphic guided database input and model building design based on standards CIM and SVG. Power equipment model of the system is constructed in full accordance with IEC-61970 common information model (CIM) standard. Graphics are stored according to vector diagram SVG standard. While user plots graphics, grid model, model parameters, and topological relation can be automatically established at one time, and automatic generation of equipment model topological structure and integrity check can be realized, thus greatly increasing work efficiency and reducing error probability.

1.6 Internationalized design

Internationalization of software is a current trend of software development. In design of PS 6000+, high attention is given to system internationalization and support of multiple languages. PS 6000+ multiple language processing adopts UNICODE ("Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set") international coding standard established by International Standardization Organization, which provides unique code data point for each character in the world and reserves the capability to expand to more than 1 million code points. Therefore, it permits store of different languages in one byte flow, thereby fully supporting multiple language data

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processing capability of software. Programs that support UNICODE can process data of any language.

Based on UNICODE standard, PS 6000+ realizes layered multi-language dynamic switching function. Application resources are fully separated from source codes and dynamic switching of system in different language environments can be realized by replacement of different language resource file without changing program source codes. This provides completely new technical solution to satisfy international market demands on power supervisory control software.

2 Typical configuration

2.1 Central control center

2.1.1 Typical system structure

Fig.1 Typical configuration of central control station supervisory control system

Name QTY Operating system Hardware platform Remark

Server 2 UNIX/LINUX SUN, IBM, HP, ALPHA server or high grade workstation

Disk array optional

Front computer 2 UNIX/LINUX SUN, IBM, HP, ALPHA server or high grade workstation

Operator workstation 2 Windows/ LINUX HP, DELL, IBM workstation or PC

Engineer workstation 1 Windows/ LINUX HP, DELL, IBM workstation or PC

5-misoperation-preventive/operation permit workstation 1 Windows/ LINUX HP, DELL, IBM workstation or PC

VQC workstation 1 Windows/ LINUX HP, DELL, IBM workstation or PC

Management workstation 1 Windows/ LINUX HP, DELL, IBM workstation or PC

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WEB server 1 LINUX HP, DELL, IBM workstation or PC

2.1.2 Description of hardware configuration Server

On server 1 and server 2, ORACLE database is installed for storage of all configuration information of the system. These servers are mutually backup and fault in one server does not affect normal operation of the system. Servers can undertake all tasks of operator workstation and maintenance engineer workstation.

Operator workstation

The two operator workstations are the main platform of operations by operators. On this platform, all functions of system related MMI can be performed, e.g. data monitoring, remote control, remote regulating, and alarm information processing etc. Dual screen display is supported.

Front computer

As realtime data input and output center of PS 6000+ system, the front computer system undertakes realtime data communication and processing tasks between central control center and each station under this center, between this center and each upper dispatch center, and between this central control center and other systems. At the same time, corresponding control commands are sent to each station. The two front computers operate in mutually hot standby status. In case of fault in one of them, automatic switching will occur. Engineer maintenance workstation

Main function of engineer maintenance workstation is modification of system configuration. Maintenance engineer with corresponding authority can create and modify system data definitions, graphics, curves, and reports etc. Maintenance personnel can use dialing MODEM connected to this workstation for remote maintenance of the whole system.

VQC workstation

Main task of VQC workstation is to perform voltage-reactive power automatic control according to predetermined scheme, to regulate corresponding transformer taps and switch capacitor on and off.

Operation permit/5-misoperation-preventive workstation

5-misoperation-preventive workstation mainly allows operator management of 5-misoperation-preventive operation permits of stations under it. Generation of operation permits by graphic operations is supported and execution of operation permits can be simulated on graphics. The 5-misoperation-preventive operation permit function can also be performed by any node computer in the system.

Management workstation

According to equipment management method established by user, equipment management program monitors and manages power equipment in the system, e.g. proposing maintenance requirements according to number of occurrences of switch tripping and preparation of maintenance plan according to operation condition of main transformer etc.

Web server

Web issuance function is provided. User can use enterprise Intranet mode and public data exchange network Internet mode, and Explore, Firefox or other commercial browser, to realize remote browsing function of realtime graphics, reports, curves, events, protection settings, and system information of SCADA system.

Note: Based on distributed multi-process system structure of PS 6000+, each above functional node can adopt flexible configuration according to actual engineering demands, that is to say,

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dual or multiple cluster type system can be configure, or, all functions can be realized in one computer.

2.2 Substations at 500kV and higher voltage levels

Fig.2 Typical configuration of 500kV substation


Host computer 2 UNIX/LINUX SUN, IBM, HP, ALPHA server or high grade workstation

Disk array optional

Operator workstation 2 Windows/ LINUX HP, DELL, IBM workstation or PC


5-misoperation-preventive/operation permit workstation 1 Windows/ LINUX HP, DELL, IBM workstation or

PC

VQC workstation 1 Windows/ LINUX HP, DELL, IBM workstation or PC


The system adopts dual 100M Ethernet (mutually backup) structure and high performance exchange for data communication.

On host computer 1 and host computer 2, ORACLE database is installed for storage of all configuration information of the system. These computers are mutually backup and fault in one server does not affect normal operation of the system. Servers can undertake all tasks of operator workstation and maintenance engineer workstation.

The two operator workstations are the main platform of operations by operators. On this platform, all functions of system related MMI can be performed, e.g. data monitoring, remote

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control, remote regulating, and alarm information processing etc. Dual screen display is supported.

Main task of VQC workstation is to perform voltage-reactive power automatic control according to predetermined scheme, to regulate corresponding transformer taps and switch capacitor on and off.

Main function of 5-misoperation-preventive workstation is to perform anti-misoperation logic judgment of switches and isolators of the whole station, and block control operations not meeting conditions. Anti-misoperation logic judgment function can also be performed by any node computer in the system.

Main function of engineer maintenance workstation is modification of system configuration. Maintenance engineer with corresponding authority can create and modify system data definitions, graphics, curves, and reports etc. Maintenance personnel can use dialing MODEM connected to this workstation for remote maintenance of the whole system.

For configuration of 750kV and 1000kV substations, configuration of 500kV substation can be referenced.

2.3 220kV substation

Fig.3 Typical configuration of 220kV substation


Host computer/operator workstation

2 UNIX/LINUX/ Windows

SUN, IBM, HP, ALPHA server or high grade workstation

Disk array optional



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2.4 Power station supervisory control

Fig.4 Typical configuration of supervisory control of station service power


Host computer/operator workstation 2 UNIX/LINUX/

WindowsSUN, IBM, HP, ALPHA server or high grade workstation

Disk array optional



The system adopts dual 100M Ethernet (mutually backup) structure and high performance exchange for data communication.

On host computer A and host computer B, ORACLE database is installed for storage of all configuration information of the system. These computers are mutually backup and fault in one host computer does not affect normal operation of the system. Host computers can undertake all tasks of operator workstation and maintenance engineer workstation.

The two operator workstations are the main platform of operations by operators. On this platform, all functions of system related MMI can be performed, e.g. data monitoring, remote control, remote regulating, and alarm information processing etc. Dual screen display is supported. Quantity of operator workstations can be adjusted flexibly according to user demand.

Main function of communication gateway unit is to exchange data with MIS, SIS, DCS and other systems.

Main function of engineer workstation is modification of system configuration. Maintenance engineer with corresponding authority can create and modify system data definitions, graphics, curves, and reports etc. Maintenance personnel can use dialing MODEM connected to this workstation for remote maintenance of the whole system.

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The two telecontrol servers are mutually backup. They provide digital and analog interfaces for communication with each level of dispatch.

3 Technical characteristics

3.1 Powerful cross-platform capabilities

PS 6000+ adopts overall cross-platform design from platforms to applications. System operation is fully transparent to hardware platform and operating system. Powerful cross-platform capabilities are provided and the system can run smoothly on different hardware platforms (server, workstation, PC) and various operating systems (Unix, Linux/Windows), and provide different user applications with various optimum software and hardware solutions, while maintaining consistency of system functions, interfaces, operations, and maintenance.

Typical hardware and operating systems supported by PS 6000+ are as follows:

Hardware platform

Servers and workstations based on RISC technology, e.g. SUN, ALPHA, and IBM series etc.

Servers, workstations, and PCs based on CISC technology, e.g. DELL and HP series etc.

Operating system

UNIX systems, e.g. Sun Solaris, Tru64 UNIX, IBM AIX, and HP-UX etc.

Linux systems, e.g. Ubuntu Linux, RedHat Linux, and RedFlag Linux etc.

Windows systems, e.g. WindowsXP, Windows 2003, and Windows2000 etc.

User benefits brought by cross-platform functions of PS 6000+ are apparent:

System security: After realization of cross-platform features of the system, both Linux operating system of discretionary security (recommended) of domestic manufacturers and Windows/Linux/Unix operating system of overseas manufacturers can be adopted. Even in case of incident or international disputer involving domestic and overseas suppliers, fast migration between platforms can be realized, avoiding coerce by overseas manufacturers of specific hardware and operating system, thus ensuring safety of the important strategic resource of “electric power”. This has great significance in improved safe operation of the strategic resource of “electric power”.

Configuration type selection: Investment can be used for UNIX servers of relatively high performance. Relatively low configuration can be selected for workstations. If investment is tight, PC workstations can also be selected.

Expansion and upgrading: In case of future system expansion and upgrading, if other platform has servers of better performance, or production of originally selected platform has stopped and other platform must be used in its place, PS 6000+ will show its advantage. User needs not replace platform for all servers. User can choose to replace some application servers while leaving other unchanged. User can even replace half of redundant servers while retaining the other half.

3.2 Dynamic modeling technology based on meta data and meta rules

PS 6000+ system creatively proposes dynamic modeling technology based on meta data and meta rules. Object model realizes description of object attributes, object behavior, and object relations of data objects completely from the most fundamental data type carrier – meta data and the most fundamental relation description method – meta rules, and various application objects of each application domain in the real world can be constructed at will.

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When constructing application system on PS 6000+ general purpose platform, all database objects of the application system are generated by dynamic modeling. For establishment of dynamic model, required data objects and data models will be established dynamically and fully according to actual demands by objects and application systems, without considering processing of data list establishment for conventional database and relation among such lists or where and how data are stored. For addition of new data object types, recompilation of the system is hot required. In this way, application system development efficiency and general purpose platform expansion capability for different applications and domains are greatly increased, in other words, PS 6000+ system features powerful capability to manage data of unknown morphology and can construct various application system data objects in a flexible, highly efficient, and fast manner, to fully satisfy ever developing demands by power automation.

Main characteristics of dynamic modeling technology of PS 6000+ based on meta data and meta rules are mainly reflected in the following two aspects:

Model construction is dynamic. Model construction fully adopts visual object-oriented method, WYSWYG. Description of model is realized by hierarchical tree type structure to truly reflect objective physical object.

Created models have dynamic characteristics. Different conventional modeling method, models constructed by PS 6000+ are not only static models with private data of objects, but also a type of dynamic models, mainly in that corresponding meta rules can be configured for attributes of each meta data, while meta rules can fulfill description of data operation, data interaction, and data relation of meta data, so that all attributes of model are connected together to form a dynamic model capable of basic data management and interaction, thereby greatly simplifying complexity of application system processing and increasing application system development efficiency and stability.

Through dynamic modeling technology of PS 6000+ meta data and meta rules, not only power model meeting IEC61850/IEC61970 standards can be constructed quickly, but also future development requirements of each application domain can be adapted to, so as to construct various model systems. This fully reflects the flexible and powerful database customizing function of PS 6000+ system.

3.3 Graphic guided database input and model building meeting CIM and SVG standards

PS 6000+ realizes completely new open type graphic guided database input and model building function based on CIM and SVG standards.

Power equipment model of PS 6000+ is constructed fully according to IEC-61970 common information model (CIM) standard. While user plots graphics, grid model, model parameters, and topological relations of CIM standard can be established at one time, and automatic generation of equipment model topological structure and integrity check can be completed, greatly increasing work efficiency.

Graphics library of PS 6000+ is fully based on open standard vector graphic format SVG for access. SVG is a 2D graphic description language based on XML and directly inherits XML characteristics. It can both describe graphic information and include data information. Any complicated graphics can be described. Very strong expandability is provided. Through SVG, graphic inter-operation capability of power system software can be effectively expanded, making possible easy exchange of graphic data among different systems. IEC has determined SVG as standard format of graphic exchange.

PS 6000+ is based on the concept of graphic guided database input and model building, and realizes CIM graphic modeling method based on grid model and graphic data storage and reading using standard, general purpose, and upgradable vector graphic SVG, thus satisfying IEC 61970 standard and improving system openness and inter-operation capability.

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3.4 UNICODE standard internationalized multiple language processing

PS 6000+ system comprehensively adopts UNICODE international standard to realize internationalized multi-language feature, so that dynamic switching of system software among different languages is very easy, providing completely new technical solution to satisfy international market demands by power supervisory control software.

PS 6000+ system is designed with hierarchical multi-language dynamic switching scheme based on UNICODE standard, to fully separate application resources (menus and character strings etc.) from source codes. Through hierarchical management of applications, resources dispatch, and resources, smooth switching of the system in different language environments is realized.

Advantages of hierarchical multi-language dynamic switching software scheme of PS 6000+

based on UNICODE are as follows:

Support of new language is very easily added. To add a new language, just add resource script file of this language, and no modification and recompilation of existing program codes is required. This essentially solves the problem of functional abnormity due to modification of source program codes in traditional method, and improves software stability.

Smooth switching among different language environments of applications is realized, so that applications can be dynamically switched to any language not relying on language environment used by operating system, thereby fully adapted to demands of international market.

3.5 Hierarchical parallel realtime object database

In PS 6000+ system, realtime database is automatically generated by configuration of data of database. Each node computer has object-oriented realtime database service that adopts completely synchronous duplication. Contents of the realtime database can be tailored according to data demands of the task undertaken by node computer.

After a period of shutdown and later reboot, node computer will automatically synchronize with latest realtime database.

PS 6000+ system adopts the mechanism of multicast message transfer, which is different from whole network broadcasting and greatly reduces occupation of LAN bandwidth by the system. Realtime database service is provided on each node computer, so that operator workstation MMI speed is higher. Since the realtime database can be directly accessed locally, compared with traditional systems, total computing load can be more easily distributed on each node computer. Besides, parallel realtime database hides boundary of process operation and more easily realizes distributed fault-tolerant configuration.

This design features many competitive advantages:

Greatly reduced LAN traffic and bandwidth requirement;

Faster MMI;

Easier system maintenance;

Processing structure of higher efficiency;

More powerful system construction means suitable for systems of various scales (large, medium, and small).

3.6 Application-oriented database cloning technology

Above parallel realtime object database, PS 6000+ also realizes application-oriented database cloning technology. In conventional distributed systems, although each application process is distributed, the realtime database is strictly shared, that is to say, distributed applications are

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strongly coupled via the realtime database. This seemingly distribution and actual coupling result in potential menace to correct and stable operation of the system.

PS 6000+ platform database adopts object-oriented zoned management. Based on database cloning technology, PS 6000+ can clone a totally independent database from main database for each application. This database includes public data and private data. The public data are data shared by applications and platforms. The private data are data dedicated to this application. Since public data of cloned database are totally consistent with main database in database spatial layout, public data synchronization can be realized by copying of complete blocks of internal memory data zones. This greatly increases data synchronization efficiency of cloned database. Besides, through database cloning, complete isolation of application database space from platform database space is realized, so that database of each application has clear boundary, and high encapsulation of application and data is achieved.

Complete encapsulation and dedicated use of application and data is realized. Applications only need to process data objects related to them, and redundant data are weeded out, making application processing faster.

Mutually independent and non-interfering realtime database can be established for senior applications of power system. Due to tight encapsulation of application and cloned database, system abnormity due to data pollution among applications and cross-boundary access will not occur, essentially solving the problem of coupling of applications in multiple applications system, and greatly improving system operation stability.

Better favoring organization of each application function of the system and functional expansion of applications. For the same application, different cloned units can be bound to realize different functions. Different applications can be bound to the same cloned unit to realize sharing of data, thus providing powerful database foundation for flexible expansion of senior applications.

3.7 Highly reliable “1+N” multi-unit fault tolerance

Based on ordinary local equipment self-check and self-restore function, 1+N multi-redundant function has been developed for PS 6000+ system, to further improve fault tolerant capability of the whole system. All application service processes not only have one operating process, but also a hot standby process of identical functions on N other node computers. In this way, if a fault occurs on one node computer, standby process on other node computers can quickly take over tasks of faulty node computer according to predefined priority sequence.

Use of parallel realtime object database technology makes redundant design more reliable;

Integration of relation database can realize multi-machine backup;

Multi-backup redundant design greatly improves system reliability;

Process hot standby mode greatly increases process switching speed.

3.8 Fully distributed operation of applications

In PS 6000+ system, any application process can be configured on different node computers for distributed operation as required. It is not necessary to fix such process on certain node computer. This can effectively balance system loads.

Operation of the system as an integral body effectively balances system loads and greatly increases system price performance ratio.

System bottleneck is avoided to the maximum extent.

3.9 Super-buffer and self-restore of historical data

PS 6000+ system adopts super-buffer technology to process historical data. All historical data are first stored in buffer zone of each node in a synchronous manner. By means of parallel realtime object database technology, data synchronization is ensured. Then, this data will be saved periodically and in batches into the commercial relation database.

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With historical data server that runs commercial database shutdown, the system can continue normal operation and save historical data temporarily for days. After operation of historical data server is resumed, historical data that are not saved in historical database due to such shutdown will be automatically written into the database. The self-restore technology of PS 6000+ system ensures integrity of historical data and avoids loss of historical data due to fault of storage equipment to the maximum extent.

3.10 Support of WAN structure

PS 6000+ system is designed based on WAN structure. Not only LAN connection mode is supported, but also WAN connection mode. In this way, equipment of each node of the system is not limited to geographic setting, and can be distributed at different places with mutual data exchange allowed. This is especially suitable for use of HV substation as central control center of lower level substations.

When WAN connection mode is adopted, dynamic data flow control technology can be adopted according to network bandwidth. When this bandwidth is relatively narrow, frequency and quantity of data transmission can be automatically adjusted to ensure no blocking of data of highest priority due to sudden narrowing of network bandwidth.

3.11 Application of large commercial database

PS 6000+ system adopts large commercial database management software such as SYBASE, ORACLE, and MYSQL to process all historical data, store all system configuration information, and process access of all non-realtime data.

Commercial relation database applications can both be configured with independent server hardware, and be configured on hardware platform of node computer that operates other functions, for example, operator workstation.

Modification of system configuration data adopts fully online mode and needs no system reboot. Realtime database definitions are automatically updated;

Automatic mutual backup of multiple databases is supported;

All non-realtime applications can access these database servers, without affecting realtime operation part of the system;

All configuration information (including operation graphics) are stored in commercial database, therefore, backup, restore, and use of system configuration data are very simple;

All historical data to be recorded are written into commercial database.

3.12 Design of integrated anti-false system

Based on realization of conventional electrical anti-false blocking function, PS 6000+ realizes integrated anti-false shared by station control layer and bay layer network, so that safety and reliability of grid operations are further improved.

In PS 6000+ system, station control layer and bay layer share one set of anti-false blocking logical base, and anti-false ganged operation between them is realized, ensuring consistency of 5-misoperation-preventive rules of whole station. The system can use station control layer to simulate, preplay, and check anti-false logic of bay layer equipment, thus improving system reliability and maintenance efficiency.

The 5-misoperation-preventive rules base can be generated by supervisory control software running on station control layer computer, and downloaded to measurement and control equipment via network. 5-misoperation-preventive logic can also be uploaded from measurement and control equipment to station control layer. Equipment of station control layer and bay layer shares one set of 5-misoperation-preventive rules base, thus ensuring consistency of 5-misoperation-preventive rules of the whole station, greatly improving system

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reliability and easy maintenance, and realizing integrated anti-false blocking function of power station electrical equipment with high efficiency.

3.13 Expandable graphic and database plug-in structure

The system design adopts powerful PlugIn technology. Embedded application modules can be added and deleted at will and as required. Embedded application modules can expand system SCADA data processing function and enhance graphic display and interface operation functions etc. Functions of application process can be dynamically loaded into application process by the mode of call of plug-in, without recompilation of existing program or reboot of application process, so that system secondary development capability and expandability are greatly enhanced, providing technical guarantee to satisfy various constantly expanding user demands.

3.14 Complete management of authorities and responsibility areas

PS 6000+ system fully adopts object-oriented database object description. The responsibility areas function provided can define database objects into a number of management units according to management demands, so that user only needs to care processing of information in his management scope, thus realizing high efficiency management mode of work divisions according to responsibilities. PS 6000+ can define responsibility areas according to stations and voltage levels. Each data object of the system can correspond to one responsibility area. Through unified authority management of platform, authority can be set for each type of operation, and particular authority can be allocated for each user. Each user can manage one or more responsibility areas. User can only perform operations of specified authority for equipment in the scope of jurisdiction. Responsibility areas management provides convenient management means for automation system information layers division and zoned management. In particular, its advantages are better reflected on large scale automation system.

3.15 Humanized MMI

The man-machine interface of PS 6000+ system is especially designed for operations by operator. Each node computer has the same interface style and can support a number of high resolution displays, projectors, and other video display equipment.

This MMI can run on UNIX/Windows/Linux operating platforms;

Fully graphic interface is adopted; interface style can be flexibly adjusted and rich graphics, texts, and voices are provided;

All graphics can be scaled without step, roam, zoom, and move;

Interface operations are easy and fast; graphic display is straightforward and consecutive, favoring judgment of running state and quick responding to change of running state by operator.

3.16 Huge database processing capability

PS 6000+ system features extra-large data capacity and data processing capability. This system supports management of 216 different types of object templates, and each type of object template can support 232 example object data. With conventional PC hardware configuration, as many as 750,000 data points can be processed. Further, system capacity can be easily increased by adding hardware resources such as memory and disk.

3.17 Flexible customized cross-platform reports

Reports of PS 6000+ adopt cross-platform design and can run on various hardware platforms and different operating systems such as Unix, Linux, and Windows. On different operating platforms, identical report template editing and report display, storage, and printing functions are provided, as well as identical report format and operation interface.

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PS 6000+ report software has powerful functions and easy use. Operation interface similar to Microsoft Excel electronic report software is provided. Report interface layout and data definitions can be fully customized. Rich graphics and texts are provided, as well as various powerful calculation functions, so that user demand on customizing of various reports can be satisfied.

3.18 Safe and highly efficient issuance of WEB+Ajax

PS 6000+ system platform supports powerful WEB browsing functions. The design concept of 3-layer structure is adopted. By means of WEB server, inquiry of realtime data, static data, graphics, curves, reports, and events etc. at a number of client sides is supported.

The system realizes hierarchical management of graphics and data based on Ajax. By means of local refreshing technology, amount of data uploaded to and downloaded from WEB server is greatly reduced, increasing processing speed at WEB server and client side.

In terms of network security, PS 6000+ strictly executes “Specification on safe protection of electric power secondary system”. Through firewall and physical isolation equipment, grid automation applications belonging to different security zones and external network are effectively isolated and protected, essentially eliminating security hazards and improving security of the whole system.

PS 6000+ not only ensures security of system WEB issuance in hardware by means of physical isolation equipment or hardware firewall, but also provides careful design in software. First, when browser executes JavaScript codes, the concept of domain is strictly restricted. For remote service communication, proxy server technology is used. To protect secret data, HTTPS or data encryption is used. For data flow access control, design assistance of security Web layer is adopted to ensure security of the whole system by the method of limiting access to Web data.

3.19 Provision of powerful secondary development capability

PS 6000+ system provides user with large amount of secondary development interfaces. Secondary interfaces are flexible and easy to use. User with a little experience of use can develop own application module to be configured into existing system. This remarkably improves system expandability.

QSA interface is embedded in the system. QSA is a cross-platform tools box that allows user to create C++ programs using descriptive script language Qt Script (based on ECMAScript/JavaScript), and convert them to script. With QSA, user can use Qt/C++ program to easily perform customizing of functions according to has special demands.

All combination icons have dynamic attributes that can be defined. Dynamic attributes are fully described by script, and dynamic attribute definitions of visibility, line type, line width, filling mode, color, X scaling, Y scaling, X translation, Y translation, and rotation attribute etc. can be realized, satisfying actual user demands to the maximum extent.

3.20 Software and hardware combination of high performance-price ratio

PS 6000+ fully uses cross-platform technology on various hardware platforms and operating system platforms to realize arbitrary combinations of UNIX, Linux, and Windows platforms. Customer has the right to select hardware platform and operating system platform, and flexible combination can be made according to investment plan, grid scale, and system performance requirements, to generate configuration of optimum performance-price ratio and provide customer with maximum investment return rate.

PS 6000+ system is based on high performance cross-platform technology and can provide comprehensive optimum software and hardware solution according to demands by systems of different levels.

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High performance system: adopting UNIX＋RISC CPU structure;

High performance-price ratio system: adopting Linux＋CISC CPU structure;

Mixed platform: servers adopt Linux (UNIX) system; operating workstations adopt Window system.

Among them, the system structure based on Linux＋X86 CPU provides user with automation system of “hardware investment of PC ＋ UNIX level security, stability, and reliability”. With performance indices reaching high-end system indices, total price is only 20%-30% of that of high end system, thus providing customer with optimum performance-price ratio configuration.

4 Technical indices

4.1 Operating conditions

4.1.1 Normal operating atmospheric conditions

a) Ambient temperature: ＋5℃～+40℃;

b) Relative humidity: 15%～75% (no dewing or icing inside the product);

c) Atmospheric pressure: 86kPa～106kPa, 66kPa～110kPa.

4.1.2 Surrounding environment

Where this equipment is used, there shall be no explosion hazard, corrosive gas, conducting dust, serious mould, severe vibration source, and EM field exceeding that encountered in normal operating range of power station and substation. Measures against rain, snow, wind, sand, and dust shall be provided.

4.1.3 Power supply requirementsa) Rated voltage: AC110V or AC220V;

b) Permitted deviation: -15%～+10%;

c) Ripple factor: not exceeding 5%;

d) Frequency: 50Hz, permitted deviation is -5%～+5%;

e) Inside the station, UPS or inversion power supply shall be configured, and this UPS shall be able to maintain normal system operation for 1~2h.

4.2 Performance indicesa) Whole station SOE resolution: ≤ 1ms

b) Respond time for call of realtime data graphics:

85% of graphics:≤2s

Other graphics:≤3s

c) Graphics realtime data refreshing period: ≤ 5s (adjustable)

d) From site remote signaling displacement to display on operator workstation: ≤ 1s

e) From site telemetering change to display on operator workstation: ≤ 2s

f) From generation to output of control command: ≤ 1s

(Control command selection, execution or cancel transmission time: ≤ 2s)

g) Control operations correctness rate: 100%

h) Remote control action success rate: 100%

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i) Remote signaling annual correct action rate upon fault: ≥ 99.99%

j) System availability: ≥ 99.99%

k) MTBF: ≥ 30000h

l) Mean CPU load rate of each workstation:

During normal operation (in any 30min): ≤ 30%

In case of fault in power system (in 10s): ≤ 50%

m) Mean load rate of supervisory control system network:

LAN load during normal operation of grid: ≤ 20%

Power system fault (in 10s): ≤ 50%

n) Historical data saving interval: adjustable

Historical data storage time: ≥ 17520h (2 years)

o) Host/backup switching time: ≤ 30s

5 SCADA functions

5.1 Establishment and maintenance of databases

5.1.1 Classified management of databases

PS 6000+ system includes the following databases:

a) Configuration database: including configuration information of all parameters required for system operation; stored in system commercial database;

b) Realtime database: generated based on configuration database and loaded with realtime data acquired by substation automation system. Values of such data are constantly updated according to realtime change of operating conditions, to record current status of equipment under supervisory control;

c) Historical database: Important data to be stored for long time are saved in this database at selected period. No less than 2 years of historical data can be saved;

d) Event database: Contents and time of occurrence of all alarms of the system are saved, including equipment status abnormity, fault, protection alarm, action, operator operation, measured value overreach, and fault in hardware, software, communication interface, and network of supervisory control system;

e) Additional database: Used to store data to be recorded for additional application functions, e.g. event retrospection and fault recording etc.

5.1.2 Database definition and maintenance

Database definition and maintenance tools are used to define and manage various parameters required for normal operation of the system, including:

a) Configuration of equipment and related remote signaling, telemetering, remote control, pulse, and step position information;

b) Configuration of equipment group and primary equipment information;

c) Configuration of node computer functional distribution information;

d) Configuration of database application services;

e) Configuration of process redundant distribution;

f) Configuration of printing equipment;

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g) Configuration of system parameters, e.g. responsibility area, alarm display style, user operation authority, and template etc.;

h) Configuration of other related parameters.

5.2 Data acquisition

The following types of data of measurement and control equipment, intelligent equipment, and protection equipment can be acquired and received:

a) Analog quantities;

b) Digital quantities;

c) Status quantities;

d) Pulse quantities;

e) Recorded event sequence with time tag;

f) Electric energy data;

g) Settings, software linking pieces, and fault recording of protection equipment;

h) Interlock and blocking information and operation commands of 5-misoperation-preventive system;

i) DC equipment information;

j) Fire fighting system information;

k) UPS equipment information;

l) Information of other intelligent equipment.

5.3 Data processinga) Realtime data reasonability check and processing can be realized, as well as alarm and

recording of abnormal data;

b) User can select each data point of realtime database for automatic transfer to the historical database at set period;

c) Telemetering value, remote signaling status, and equipment status can be set manually;

d) Logic and mathematical operations of various original electrical quantities acquired can be performed, and such quantities can be automatically transferred to the historical database;

e) Inquiry of historical data can be made according to time, object, and nature.

5.4 Alarm processinga) Contents of alarms include: equipment status abnormity, fault, protection alarm and action,

operator operation, measured value overreach, and supervisory control system hardware, software, communication interface, and network fault;

b) For alarms, event priority class can be differentiated and different audio, video, and color effects can be set;

c) Optical characters board alarm display mode can be adopted. Alarm hold, acknowledgement, and reset functions are provided;

d) Alarm management functions are provided to allow alarm information indexing, classification, recording, storage, and printing;

e) The function of graphics pop-up upon events is provided;

f) The event retrospection function supports retrospection of analog quantities of the whole station and permits triggering of signals of retrospection by various criteria selected (analog quantity, status quantity, or mixed mode). Scope and sampling period of event retrospection can be set;

g) Online user blocking and relief of alarm information is permitted.

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5.5 Control operationsa) Remote control of equipment inside substation, e.g. circuit breaker, isolator, and ground

isolator, can be carried out, as well as main transformer tap position adjustment and sudden stop. Generator unit AGC setting can be adjusted.

b) Remote control operations feature return check function, overtime canceling function, and remote control blocking conditions judgment function.

c) Operation guardian function is provided and dual unit, dual position remote control can be realized.

5.6 MMIa) Graphics can roam, zoom, roll, and move at will.

b) Graphics include various wiring diagrams, configuration diagrams, system operating condition diagrams, tidal current diagrams, curve bar charts, sector charts, and geographical maps, as well as various tables, setting and parameter sheets, and memoranda etc.

c) Operator can operate on primary wiring diagrams. Operations such as setting of position, hanging of label, and hanging of ground wire etc. meet operator habit.

d) Multi-layer graphics are supported so that graphics have both panorama and details.

e) You can select how realtime data are displayed on planes according to conditions.

5.7 Tabulation and printinga) Required reports in Chinese can be easily prepared, edited, and displayed.

b) Reports can be printed instantly, periodically, or by call.

5.8 Calculations and statisticsa) Calculation formulae are easily defined and have complete functions.

b) Calculations include summation, accumulation, mean value, qualification rate, line loss, load rate, operation factor, power factor, and integral etc.

c) Statistics of number of operations of switches and protections, statistics of switching of channels, statistics of channel error codes, security large number statistics, statistics of maximum value, minimum value, and time of occurrence of various data, and statistics of number of power supply limiting cutoff operations for each voltage level and related quantities can be obtained.

5.9 Event retrospection (PDR)a) Conditions to trigger event retrospection are defined in advance, e.g. tripping of line switch

or operation of relay protection upon fault, event retrospection can also be triggered by manual operation commands;

b) Tracing of change of grid before and after an event, e.g. various acquired quantities and calculated quantities;

c) Time periods of retrospection before and after an event can be defined, as well as sampling frequency; length of time of recording can be specified and modified, e.g.:

d) Each trigger can operate for the same group of retrospection data; point of retrospection can be defined in different retrospection object groups at the same time;

e) Storage of system event status, e.g.:

Snapshot profile of acquired data;

Trend data;

Data of status change.

5.10 Event playback

Event playback includes the following functions:

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a) Selection of event graphics;

b) Selection of event triggering conditions;

c) Setting of playback speed;

d) Setting of playback start time;

e) Selection of event analysis objects and archiving and printing according to time periods.

5.11 Management of authorities

Management of user authorities adopts grouped and leveled management strategy. Authorities are defined according to groups. The system provides flexible use authority definitions. User can add specific groups and assign specific authorities according to his specific requirements. The system will detailize various operations to authorities management, and provide safe and effective authorities checking function. Corresponding operations can only be carried out by user with due authorities, and operation record will be kept to allow later inquiry.

a) All operators (system administrator, system maintenance person, and dispatcher etc.) are assigned with different management scopes and operation authorities as required, characterized by username, password, level of operation, and operation scope etc.

b) To ensure system security, correct password must be entered for entry into (or exit from) the system. Inside the system, operator behaviors (reading, writing, maintenance, and execution etc.) are controlled by log-in authority, to prevent damage of system due to illegal operations.

c) Password control is provided for each operator work post. For execution of remote control operations, password check will be performed to ensure absolutely no remote control operation by irrelevant personnel.

d) All log-in operations, modification of password and authorities, and other important operations can be timely recorded to allow later checking.

5.12 Management of responsibility areas

PS 6000+ realizes responsibility area management through AOR (Area Of Responsibility) mechanism. The responsibility area function can divide database objects to a number of management cells according to management demands. User only needs to care processing of information in his scope of jurisdiction. This realizes high efficiency management mode in which work is divided according to responsibilities.

PS 6000+ can define responsibility areas according to stations and voltage levels. Each data object of the system can correspond to a responsibility area. Through unified authority management of platform, authorities can be set for each type of operation, and particular authorities can be assigned to each user. Each user can manage one or more responsibility areas. Users can only perform operations of specified authorities for equipment in the scope of jurisdiction.

5.13 Clock synchronizationa) GPS clock synchronization command or time synchronization command issued by remote

dispatch center can be received.

b) Clock calibration for bay layer measurement, control, and protection equipment can be realized.

5.14 System self-diagnosis and switchinga) In case of fault in one computer, normal operation on other computers will not be affected.

All tasks of the faulty computer will be automatically switched to backup computer, to ensure normal system operation;

b) In case of fault in one network segment, data exchange can be automatically switched to a normal network segment, to ensure normal system operation;

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c) Online diagnosis covers operation of hardware, software, communication interfaces, and network of the whole station control layer system. If abnormity is found, alarm will be generated at once;

d) Remote diagnosis interface is provided to realize the diagnosis function by log-in of remote engineer.

5.15 Anti-false blockinga) According to various items of information acquired, anti-false logic of remote control

operations can be defined as per code requirements, and realtime anti-false judgment can be carried out during operation.

b) Anti-false operation functions can be realized through communication with other independent 5-misoperation-preventive systems.

5.16 Remote maintenancea) Remote engineer can carry out remote maintenance of supervisory control system through

MODEM dialing mode.

b) Remote maintenance function can be manually switched on and off by station working personnel. Requirements on safe isolation of grid computer supervisory control system are met.

5.17 Third party interfaces

This system provides data exchange interfaces with third party systems, e.g. connection of relay protection and fault information management system, MIS, SIS, and DCS etc.

6 Senior applications

6.1 Network topological analysis

6.2 Programmed operations

PS 6000+ provides logic definitions and MMI for graphic programmed operation permits, and can prepare and generate various sequential control operation permits according to grid operation management requirements. In each group of sequential control permit definitions, a series of operation commands can be added according to operation demands. Each such operation command includes description of control points, operation steps, control conditions, execution message, and primary equipment action characteristics etc.

PS 6000+ can also use graphic interface for simulated preview of programmed sequential control permit generated. The process of simulated preview fully simulates true operation process. By means of this function, correct logic definition of sequential control permit can be easily verified, to ensure reliability of sequential control operations.

Main operations supported are:

a) Remote control operations

Realization of operations of primary equipment in substation, e.g. remote control operations of control objects such as circuit breakers and isolators.

b) Remote regulating operations

Realization of main transformer step position regulating function.

c) Software linking piece switch-on/off

Realization of software linking piece switch-on/off function for secondary equipment (protection, measurement, and control equipment etc.) in substation.

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d) Switching of setting zones

Realization of protection setting zone automatic switching function of secondary equipment (e.g. protection, measurement, and control equipment) in substation.

e) Expanded operation types

The system provides reserved interface in control function so that expanded operation types and related functions can be smoothly added according to constant development of programmed substation technology and technical demands, to satisfy requirements by development of programmed substations.

6.3 5-misoperation-preventive operation permit system

The 5-misoperation-preventive operation permit system makes full use of the powerful functions of PS 6000+ general purpose platform to realize integrated design with supervisory control system and share databases and graphics. Compared with traditional third party 5-misoperation-preventive equipment mode, the 5-misoperation-preventive operation permit system embedded in PS 6000+ avoids fussy communication between 5-misoperation-preventive system of other manufactures and the supervisory control system, thus improving system integration.

a) Flexible method to issue operation permit

The system provides various methods to issue operation permits: manual, graphic, and call of existing permit. User can select any of these, which can be converted to one another for use.

b) Open design and strong maintainability

The system can perform maintenance work such as numbering and defining equipment, modification of common permit issuance terms, editing of 5-misoperation-preventive diagrams, and editing of blocking conditions etc.

c) Used matching computer key to improve system reliability

Discipline 5-misoperation-preventive unit blocking function is provided through communication with discipline computer key and lock manufactured by this company.

d) Multiple 5-misoperation-preventive synchronous blocking demands such as multiple workstations and host/backup changeover can be satisfied.

By means of startup of 5-misoperation-preventive server function, 5-misoperation-preventive rules synchronous blocking of a number of host workstations can be realized.

6.4 Voltage reactive automatic control (VQC)

PS 6000+ voltage reactive automatic control system can realize voltage reactive automatic control of substation with 12 transformers, 16 bus sections, 32 capacitors, and 16 reactors. During operation, various operating modes of substation can be identified automatically. Parallel voltage regulation for two or more main transformers is supported.

a) Based on principle of 15 zones or 17 zones, strategies of various priorities are set for each zone.

b) The system can automatically identify effect of regulating transformer taps and capacitor (reactor) switch-on/off on voltage and power factor, and site provision of testing data is not required.

c) Based on expert system design, the system features self-learning function and can make full use of historical experience of regulations and actively adapt to substation operating characteristics, so that voltage reactive regulation is more reasonable.

d) Complete protection and blocking measures are provided to prevent continuous regulation of main transformer tap switch and frequent switch-on/off of capacitor group.

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e) Combination of reliability with sensitivity can be realized by matching regulation period with setting of number of acknowledgements of abnormal zone.

6.5 Non-effective grounding line selection

PS 6000+ non-effective grounding line selection function needs to match PS 6000+

undervoltage series line protection equipment. It is applicable to grid with neutral not grounded or with neutral grounded via Petersen coil, and can accurately reflect single phase grounding at secondary side with ZS current above 8mA. Line selection speed depends on number of lines on bus.

In case of single phase ground fault in a grid with neutral not directly grounded, PSV 600 non-effective grounding line selection subsystem can accurately and quickly select ground line, to ensure safe and stable operation of power distribution system

6.6 Fault record analysis

This system fully supports COMTRADE fault record standard file format and can analyze fault record data acquired.

PS 6000+ fault record analysis system mainly includes the following analysis functions:

a) Waveform display: plot fault record waveform of selected channel of fault record file and display realtime sampled values and sampling time;

b) Curve analysis: This system can synthesize and calculate new waveform curve from instantaneous values and harmonic values of existing waveform channels using special conversion formulae, and display graphics and values thereof;

c) Vector analysis: Through vector diagram, relative relations among analog quantities can be compared in a very straightforward manner;

d) Harmonic analysis: This system can calculate 1st ~ 11th harmonic data after Fourier transformation taking previous or subsequent cycle, and set reference vector and convert it to complex number expression;

e) Sequential component analysis: With fault record files complete ( Ia, Ib, Ic, Ua, Ub, Uc), this system can analyze sequential components for selected 3-phase channels, including display of amplitude and phase angle values of positive sequence, negative sequence, and ZS, and graphic display functions;

f) Ranging analysis: With fault record file information complete, this system can calculate and analyze single end range and type of current fault, and calculate impedance using user defined impedance algorithm (definition of measured voltage, measured current, and impedance calculation formula).

6.7 Protection and fault information management

PS 6000+ protection and fault information management software provides unified operation interface, and can manage internal information and fault information of protection equipment using various communication protocols such as IEC-5-103 and IEC-61850. By means of communication with protection equipment, settings related to this equipment can be called upward and set and processed downward. For the latter, security check will be carried out and operation conditions will be recorded and archived.

a) Inquiry and switching of protection setting zones

Inquiry and switching of protection setting zones: to switch protection setting zones, security check will be carried out and operation conditions will be recorded and archived.

b) Inquiry, modification, and download of protection settings

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Inquiry, modification, and download of protection settings: to modify and download protection settings, security check will be carried out, and operation conditions will be recorded and archived.

c) Inquiry and printing of protection events

Protection events are inquired according to time zones. These include operation report information table, abnormity alarm information table, and protection fault information table.

d) Inquiry of protection operation information

List form is used to display protection linking piece information and protection telemetering quantity information. Management and inquiry of protection operation events, alarm events, and self-check reports are also provided.

e) Protection control

Control of switch-on, switch-off, and reset of protection functions of protection equipment, and software linking piece switch-on/off.

Fault record data upload, display, and analysis.

6.8 WEB issuance

PS 6000+ realizes WEB browsing functions based on SVG technology. Through WEB browser, as long as standard browser (NetScape, IE) is installed at user client side, various data and charts of supervisory control system can be viewed via network at any place, without being limited by terrain. Supervisory control graphics of identical style and contents with those of PS 6000+ online supervisory control interface can be seen:

a) Realtime monitored display of primary wiring diagrams, bar charts, curves, tables, graphics, and trend curves can be viewed, as well as related realtime quantities.

b) Various reports can be browsed.

c) Relevant equipment parameters can be viewed.

d) Historical items can be viewed and realtime issues and realtime data can be received.

e) Printing function is supported, including printing of reports and primary graphics etc.

f) Display of topological coloring.

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