úih ks¾foayh 12 13 fy%aks sft.pdf · wohhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% ^wiia fm

wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% ^Wiia fm<&

;dlaIKfõoh i`oyd úoHdj

úIh ks¾foaYh

12" 13 fY%aKs^2017 j¾Ifha isg l%shd;aul fõ'&

;dlaIK wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=júoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGh

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khuyr.u

Y%S ,xldj'

w w w . n i e . l k

ye|skaùu

fuu úIh ks¾foaYh ;dlaIKfõoh úIh Odrdj yodrk ore ±ßhkag Tjqkaf.a ;dlaIKsl úIhh jk bxcsfkare ;dlaIKfõoh

fyda ffcjmoaO;s ;dlaIKfõoh úIhh yeoEÍfï § wjYH jk .Ks;h" úoHdj yd f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh ms<snò uQ,sl wjfndaOh

,nd §fï wruqKska ilia lr we;' Bg wu;r j fuu úIhh yeoEÍfuka ld¾ñl lafIa;%fha /lshdj,g fhduq jk ore ±ßhkag

ta iòyd wjYH uQ,O¾u yd ixl,am ms<snò wjfndaOhla ,nd fohs' tfuka u fuu úIh ks¾foaYh u.ska ld¾ólrKh ksid ±kg

Woa.; j we;s .egüh ;;a;ajhka iy wkd.;fha § we;s úh yels w¾nqo ms<snò ixfõ§ Ndjfhka hq;= j tajdg úi`ÿï fidhd

.ekSug fm,Uùula we;s lrhs'

Ôj úoHdj" fN!;sl úoHdj" ridhk úoHdj" .Ks;h yd f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh hk úIh lafIa;% ms<snò j jk ksmqK;d yd

ksmqK;d uÜgï lsysmhla Tiafia ±kqu" wdl,am" l=i,;d ixj¾Okh jk wdldrhg WÑ; l%shdldrlï we;=<;a fldg ie,iqï lr

we;' tneúka fuys we;=<;a bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%fudamdhhka mka;s ldurh ;=< §" úoHd.drfha § fyda wjia:d imhd .; yels

fjk;a iqÿiq ia:dkhkays § m%dfhda.sl j w;ayod ne,Su w;HjYH fõ' túg m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlï ;=<ska w;am;a lr .kakd

ksmqK;d tÈfkod Ôú;fha § M,odhS f,i Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka wNsfhda. ch .ekSug yels jkq we;' fuu úIhh b.ekaùfï §

.=rejrhdf.aa ks¾udKd;aul yelshd Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka id¾:l bf.kqï mßirhla ks¾udKh lr .ekSu jeo.;a fõ'

i

2'0 cd;sl fmdÿ wruqKq(

mqoa.,hdg yd iudchg wod< jk m%Odk cd;sl wruqKq lrd <`.dùu iòyd mqoa.,hskag iy lKavdhïj,g cd;sl wOHdmk moaO;sh iydhúh hq;= h'

jir .Kkdjla uq¿,af,a Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk wOHdmk jd¾;d iy f,aLk u.ska mqoa., yd cd;sl wjYH;djka imqrd,Su iòyd wruqKq kshulrkq ,eî h' iuld,Sk wOHdmk jHQyhka yd l%shdj,ska ;=< oelsh yels ÿ¾j,;d ksid OrKSh udkj ixj¾Ok ixl,am rduqj we;=<; wOHdmkh;=<ska <``.d lr .; hq;= my; oelafjk wruqKq imqrd .ekSu wOHdmk moaO;sh iòyd jQ ;u bÈß oelau f,ig cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdjm%;HlaI fldg f.k we;'

I. udkj wNsudkhg .re lsrSfï ixl,amhla u; msysgd Y%S ,dxlsl nyqúO iudcfha ixialD;sl úúO;ajh wjfndaO lr .ksñka cd;sltaldnoaO;dj" cd;sl Rcq .=Kh" cd;sl iu.sh" tluq;=lu iy iduh m%j¾Okh lsÍu ;=<ska cd;sh f.dv ke`.Su iy Y%S ,dxlSh wkkH;dj;yjqre lsÍu

II. fjkia jk f,dalhl wNsfhda.hkag m%;spdr olajk w;r cd;sl Wreufha udye`.s odhdohka y`ÿkd .ekSu iy ixrlaIKh lsÍu

III. udkj whs;sjdislï .re lsÍu" hq;=lï yd j.lSï ms<snò oekqj;a ùu" yDohx.u ne`§ulska hq;=j tlsfkld flfrys ie,ls,su;a ùu hk.=Kdx. m%j¾Okh lsÍug bjy,a jk iudc idOdrK;aj iïu;hka iy m%cd;dka;%sl Ôjk rgdjla .eí jQ mßirhla ks¾udK lsÍu iymj;ajd f.k hdug iydh ùu

IV. mqoa.,hskaf.a udkisl yd YdÍßl iqj iïm;a iy udkj w.hkag .re lsÍu u; mokï jQ ;sridr Ôjk l%uhla m%j¾Okh lsÍu

V. iqiudys; jQ iunr fm!reIhla iòyd ks¾udmK yelshdj" wdrïNl Yla;sh" úpdrYS,S Ñka;kh" j.lSu yd j.ùu we;=M fjk;a Okd;aulwx. ,laIK ixj¾Okh lsÍu

VI. mqoa.,hdf.a iy cd;sfha Ôj .=Kh jeä ÈhqKq flfrk iy Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh iòyd odhl jk M,odhs ld¾hhka iòydwOHdmkh ;=<ska udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh lsÍu

VII. YS>%fhka fjkia jk f,dalhla ;=< isÿ jk fjkialï wkqj yev.eiaùug yd tajd md,kh lr .ekSug mqoa.,hska iqodkï lsÍu iyixlS¾K yd wkfmalaIs; wjia:djkag id¾:l j uqyqK §fï yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍu

VIII. cd;Hka;r m%cdj w;r f.!rjkSh ia:dkhla ysñ lr .ekSug odhl jk hqla;sh iudk;ajh iy wfkHdakH .re;ajh u; mokï jQ wdl,am yd l=i,;d fmdaIKh lsÍu

3'0 uQ,sl ksmqK;d

wOHdmkh ;=<ska j¾Okh flfrk my; oelafjk uQ,sl ksmqK;d by; iòyka cd;sl wruqKq bgqlr .ekSug odhl jkq we;'

(I) ikaksfõok ksmqK;d

idlaIr;dj" ixLHd ms<snò oekqu" rEml Ndú;h u; f;dr;=re ;dlaIK m%ùK;dj hk wkqldKav 4la u; ikaksfõok ksmqK;d mokï lr .kS'

idlaIr;dj : idjOdk j weyqïlka §u meyeÈ,s j l:d lsÍu" f;areï .ekSu iòyd lsshùu" ksjeros j iy ksrjq,a j ,sùu"M,odhs whqßka woyia yqjudre lr .ekSu

ixLHd ms<snò oekqu : NdKav" wjldYh yd ld,h .Kka lsÍu" .Kkh iy ñkqï iòyd l%udkql+, b,lalï Ndú;h

rEml Ndú;h : f¾Ld iy wdlD;s Ndú;fhka woyia ms<sìUq lsÍu iy f¾Ld" wdlD;s iy j¾K .<mñka úia;r" Wmfoia yd woyiam%ldYkh yd jd¾;d lsÍu

f;dr;=re ;dlaIK m%ùK;dj : mß.Kl oekqu iy bf.kSfï § o fiajd mßY%hla ;=< § o fm!oa.,sl Ôú;fha § o f;dr;=re iy ikaksfõok;dlaIKh Wmfhda.S lr .ekSu

(II) fm!reI;aj j¾Okhg wod< ksmqK;d

- ksßudKYS,S nj" wmidÍ Ñka;kh" wdrïNl Yla;Ska" ;SrK .ekSu" .eg¨ ksrdlrKh lsÍu" úpdrYS,S yd ú.%yd;aul Ñka;kh" lKavdhïye`.Sfuka lghq;= lsÍu" mqoa.,dka;r inò;d" kj fidhd.ekSï iy .fõIKh jeks j¾.Sh l=i,;d

- Rcq .=Kh" bjid ord isáfï Yla;sh iy udkj wNsudkhg .re lsÍu" jeks w.hhka

- Ñ;a;fõ.S nqoaêh

(III) mßirhg wod< ksmqK;d

fuu ksmqK;d idudðl ffcj iy fN!;sl mßirhg wod< fõ'

iudc mßirh : cd;sl Wreuhka ms<snò wjfndaOh" nyqjd¾.sl iudchl iudðlhka ùu yd iïnkaO ixfõ§;dj yd l=i,;d"idOdrK hqla;sh ms<snò ye`.Su" iudc iïnkaO;d" fm!oa.,sl p¾hdj" idudkH yd ffk;sl iïm%odhhka"whs;sjdislï" j.lSï" hq;=lï iy ne`§ï

ffcj mßirh : iÔú f,dalhl" ck;dj iy ffcj moaO;sh" .ia je,a" jkdka;r" uqyqo" c,h" jd;h iy Ôjh - Ydl" i;a;ajyd ñksia Ôú;hg iïnkaO jQ wjfndaOh" ixfõoS nj yd l=i,;d

fN!;sl mßirh : wjldYh" Yla;sh" bkaOk" øjH" NdKav iy ñksia ðú;hg tajdfha we;s iïnkaO;dj" wdydr" we`ÿï" ksjdi"wjfndaOh" ixfõÈ;dj yd l=i,;dj

bf.kSu" jev lsÍu iy Ôj;a ùu iòyd fuj,ï iy ;dlaIKh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï l=i,;d fuys wvx.= fõ'

(IV) jev f,dalhg iqodkï ùfï ksmqK;d

wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg odhl ùu;u jD;a;Sh <eÈhd iy wNsfhda.H;d y`ÿkd .ekSuyelshdjkg iß,k whqßka /lshdjla f;dard .ekSu iyjdisodhl yd ;srir Ôjfkdamdhl ksr; ùuhk yelshdjka Wmßu lsÍug yd Odß;dj jeä lsÍug wod< fiajd kshqla;sh yd iïnkaO l=i,;d

(V) wd.u iy iodpdr O¾uhkag wod< ksmqK;d

mqoa.,hkag ;u ffoksl Ôú;fha § wdpdr O¾u" iodpdrd;aul yd wd.udkql+, yeisßï rgdjkag wkq.; fjñka jvd;a WÑ; foa f;dard thgiß,k fia lghq;= lsÍu iòyd w.hhka Wlyd .ekSu yd iaùhlrKh

(VI) l%Svdj iy úfõlh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï ksmqK;d

fi!kao¾hh" idys;Hh" fi,a,ï lsÍu" l%Svd yd u,, l%Svd" úfkdaodxY yd fjk;a ks¾udKd;aul Ôjk rgdjka ;=<ska m%ldY jk úfkdaoh" i;=g"wdfõ. iy tjka udkqIsl w;aoelSï

(VII) "bf.kSug bf.kqu" ms<snò ksmqK;d

YS>%fhka fjkia jk ixlS¾K yd tlsfkld u; hefmk f,dalhl mßj¾;k l%shdj,shla yryd fjkiaùï yiqrejd .ekSfï § yd Bg ixfõ§ j

yd id¾:l j m%;spdr oelaùu;a iajdëk j bf.k .ekSu;a iòyd mqoa.,hkag Yla;sh ,nd §u'

Y%S ,xldfõ idudkH wOHdmkh ms<sn| cd;sl m%;sm;a;s rduqjla i|yd fhdackd cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj ^2003 foieïn¾&

úIh wruqKq

^1& ;dlaIKsl lafIA;%fha u;= jk .eg¨ úi`§u iòyd úoHd;aul ixl,am fhdod .ekSu'

^2& f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh ms<snò j .eUqre ±kqula ,nd .ekSug Wkkaÿjla we;s lr .ekSu'

^3& tÈfkod Ôú;h iòyd jeo.;aa uQ,sl .Ks; ixl,am m%.=K lsÍu'

^4& úoHd;aul ixl,am ms<snò uQ,sl ±kqu ;dlaIKsl" iudÔh yd wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh iòyd Ndú; lsÍu'

^5& cd;sl yd f.da,Sh mdßißl .eg¨ wOHhkh lrñka ;sridr f,i iïm;a Ndú; l< yels wdldrh ms<snò wjfndaOhla ,nd

.ekSu

ii

12 fY%aKsh 13 fY%aKsh

tla tla ksmqK;dj i|yd fhdað; ld,Éfþo

ksmqK;dj

1' j¾.M,h yd mßudj ms<sn| úu¾Ykh lrñka iSñ;

bvlvla m%Yia; uÜgñka Ndú; lrhs'

2' úúO ñkqï i|yd fhda.H ñkqqï tall iy ñkqï

WmlrK Ndú; lrhs'

3' mhs;.ria iïnkaO;dj Ndú;fhka myiqfjka

.eg¨ úi|hs'

4' ffi,Sh ixúOdkhla iys; Ôùka ;dlaIKh i|yd

Wmfhda.S lr .kshs'

5' n,h iy tys wdprK ms<sn| oekqu tosfkod cSú;

wjYH;d i|yd fhdod .kshs'

6' ld¾hh" Yla;sh iy cjh laIu;dj& ms<sn| oekqu

m%dfhda.sl wjYH;d i|yd WÑ; f,i fhdod .kshs'

7' tÈfkod Ôú;fha ld¾hh ;%sfldaKñ;sl wkqmd;

Ndú;fhka myiq lr .kshs'

8' N%uK p,s; ms<sn| oekqu m%dfhda.sl wjYH;d i|yd

fhdod .kshs'

9' úÿ,s WmlrK kv;a;= lsÍu iy mßm: ie,iqï

lsÍu i|yd úoHq;h ms<sn| oekqu fhdod .kshs'

10' ;dmh ms<sn| oekqu tÈfkod lghq;= iy úoHd;aul

lghq;= i|yd fhdod .kshs'

11' ;dm ridhkh yd iïnkaO uQ,sl ixl,am

.fõIKh lrhs'

12' pd,l ridhk úoHdfõ uQ,sl ixl,am Ndú;fhka

m%;sl%shd YS>%;dj md,kh lrhs'

13' ldnksl ixfhda." ffcjdKqj, jHQyh" jeo.;alu

yd Ndú; .fõIKh lrhs'

tl;=j

ld,Éfþo

17

12

06

50

42

14

24

24

27

23

17

20

24

300

ksmqK;dj

14' l¾udka; lafIa;%fha § nyqwjhúl Ndú;h

ms<sn`o j úu¾Ykh lrhs'15' mod¾:fha hdka;%sl .=K ms<sn| oekqu udkj

wjYH;d i|yd fhdod .kshs'16' ksYap, iy p,s; jk ;r, ms<sn| oekqu

tÈfkod ðú; wjYH;d iy ;dlaIKsl lghq;=i|yd fhdod .kshs'

17' Y%S ,xldfõ ridhksl l¾udka; ms<sn`o júuid n,hs'

18' iajNdj ksIamdokh yd tajdfha ksiaidrK úêúu¾Ykh lrhs'

19' ldáishdkq LKavdxl ;,h weiqfrka talcYs%;h yd j¾.c Ys%;h úu¾Ykh lrhs'

20' úia;rd;aul ixLHdkfha w¾:h úYaf,aIKhlrhs'

21' mß.Kl moaO;shla iy Wmdx. M,odhSf,i Ndú; lsÍui|yd .fõIKh lrhs'

22' mß.Kl fufyhqï moaO;sh iuÕ M,odhSf,i lghq;= lrhs'

23' tÈfkod Èúfha .eg¨ ksrdlrKh lr .ekSui|yd fhÿï uDÿldx. Ndú; lrhs'

24' f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu iy ikaksfõokh i|ydM,odhS f,i wka;¾cd,h Ndú; lrhs'

25' ;dlaIKsl oshqKqj mdßißl iu;=,s;;dj

flfrys n,mdk wdldrh .fõIKh lrhs'

iii

ld,Éfþo

17

12

26

35

43

22

45

04

09

36

15

36

300

iv

fY%aKsh

12 fYa%‚h

13 fYa%‚h

jdrh ksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgï

m<uq jdrh

fo jk jdrh

;=ka jk jdrh

m<uq jdrh

fo jk jdrh

;=ka jk jdrh

1'1 ksmqK;dfõ isg 5'1 ksmqK;dj olajd






12 yd 13 jk fY%a‚ i|yd tla tla jdrhg kshñ; ksmqK;d iy ksmqK;d uÜgï

ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M, ld,ÉfþoixLHdj

1

ksmqK;dj

1'1 cHdñ;sl yev;,j,j¾.M,h iy >k jia;=j,mDIaG j¾.M, úu¾Ykhlrhs'

1'2 >k jia;=j, mßudjúu¾Ykh lrhs'

2'1 úúO ñkqï i|yd f h d a . Hñkqqï tall iy ñkqï WmlrKNdú; lrhs'

² cHdñ;sl yev;,j, j¾.M, fidhhs'² ixhqla; cHdñ;sl yev;,j,

j¾.M, fidhhs'² ixhqla; cHdñ;sl yev;,j, j¾.M,h

wdY%s; .eg¨ úi|hs'² >k jia;=j, mDIaG j¾.M, fidhhs'² ixhqla; >k jia;=j, mDIAG j¾.M,

fidhhs'² ixhqla; >k jia;=j, mDIaG j¾.M,

wdY%s; .eg¨ úi|hs'

² fok ,o >k jia;=j, mßudj fidhhs'² ixhqla; >k jia;=j, mßudj fidhhs'² ixhqla; >k jia;=j, mßudj wdY%s;

.eg¨ úi|hs'

² úúO fN!;sl rdYs tall iu`. y÷kajdfohs'

² ñkqfï m%udKh wkqj iïu; tallfhaWmi¾.j, wjYH;dj fmkajd fohs'

² imhd we;s ñkqï WmlrKhl uQ,dxlfodaIh iy l=vd u ñkqu m%ldY lrhs'

² imhd we;s ñkqï WmlrKhl Nd.slfodaIh iy m%;sY; fodaIh .Kkh lrhs'

² m%;sY; fodaIh ie,ls,a,g f.k l=vdñkqï jvd;a ksjero s j uekSfïwjYH;dj fmkajd fohs'

² jzkshr uQ,O¾uh bÈßm;a lrhs'

² cHdñ;sl yev;,j, j¾.M,h^iup;=ri%h" >DcqfldaKdi%h";s%fldaKh" iudka;rdi%h";%emSishu" jD;a;h&

² ixhqla; cHdñ;sl yev;,j,j¾.M,h

² >k jia;=j, mDIaG j¾.M,h^>klh" >kldNh" msróvh"m%siauh"

is,skavrh" f.da,h" fla;=j& iQ;%Ndú;fhka

² ixhqla; >k jia;=j, mDIAGj¾.M,h

² >k jia;=j, mßudj ^ >klh">kldNh" msróvh" fla;=j"m%siauh" is,skavrh" f.da,h iQ;%Ndú;fhka&

² ixhqla; >k jia;=j, mßudj

² fN!;sl rdYs iy iïu; tall² iïu; tallj, Wmi¾.² ñkqï WmlrKhl l=vd u ñkqu² ñkqfï Nd.sl fodaIh iy m%;sY; fodaIh² ñkqï WmlrKhl uQ,dxl jro² jzkshr uQ,O¾uh ² jzkshr le,smrh² bial=remamq uQ,O¾uh ² uhsfl%dógr bial=remamq wdudkh² p, wkaùCIh² f;o~q ;=,dj² úrdu >áldj

1' j¾.M,h ydmßudj ms<sn|úu¾Ykhlrñka iSñ;bvlvla m%Yia;uÜgñka Ndú; lrhs'

2' úúO ñkqï i|ydfhda.H ñkqqï talliy ñkqï WmlrKNdú; lrhs'

10

07

12


2

ksmqK;dj

06² mhs;.ria iïnkaO;dj yd tys Ndú;² mhs;.ria iïnkaO;djfha úf,dauh yd tys Ndú;

² m%Odk ffi,Sh ixúOdk j¾.² m%d.a kHIAál ffi,² iQkHIaál ffi,

² m%d.a kHIAál iy iQkHIaálffi,j, o¾YSh jHQy

² nelaàßhd ffi, ² È,Sr ffi,

² Ydl ffi,² i;aj ffi,

² jzkshr le,smrh Ndú;fhka ñkqï,nd .kshs'

² bial=remamq uQ,O¾uh bÈßm;a lrhs'² uhsfl%dóg¾ bial=remamq wdudkh

Ndú;fhka ñkqï ,nd .kshs'² bial=remamq uQ,O¾uh Ndú; jk

WmlrK kï lrhs'² f;o~q ;=,dj Ndú;fhka ñkqï ,nd

.kshs'² úrdu >áldj Ndú;fhka WÑ; ñkqï

,nd .kshs'

² mhs;.ria iïnkaO;dj m%ldY lrhs'² mhs;.ria iïnkaO;dj Ndú;fhka

;%sfldaKhl mdoj, È. .Kkh lrhs'² .eg¨ úi£u i|yd mh s;.ria

iïnkaO;dj Ndú; lrhs'² mhs;.ria iïnkaO;dfõ úf,dauh m%ldY

lrhs'² .eg¨ úi£u i|yd mh s;.ria

iïnkaO;dfõ úf,dauh Ndú; lrhs'

² Ôùkaf.a ;ekqï tallh ffi,h njm%ldY lrhs'

² m%d.a kHIAál iy iQkHIaál f,i ffi,j¾. folla we;s nj y÷kd .kshs'

² ffi,j, we;s úúO bkaøhsld u.skabgq lrk lD;Hhka ,ehsia;= .; lrhs'

² uqøs; f¾Çh rEm igyka u.ska uQ,slffi, ixúOdk j¾. y÷kd .kshs'

3' mhs;.riaiïnkaO;djNdú;fhkamyiqfjka .eg¨úi|hs'

4' ffi,Sh ixúOdkhlaiys; Ôùka ;dlaIKhi|yd Wmfhda.S lr.kshs'

3'1 mdo w;r iïnkaO;djúuiñka ;%sfldaKhla >DcqfldaKsl ùu fyda fkdùuks.ukh lrhs'

4'1 Ôù ffi,j, jHQyh ydlD;H y÷kd .kshs'

06


3

ksmqK;dj

06

10

² laIqøÔùka ye|skaùu ² laIqøÔùkaf.a jHdma;sh ² laIqøÔùkaf.a úúO Yajik l%u

² iajdhq ² ffjl,ams; ks¾jdhq

² wksjd¾h ks¾jdhq ² laIqøjd;ldó

² laIqøÔùkaf.a úúO fmdaIK l%u ² m%ldY iajhxfmdaIS ² m%ldY úIufmdaIS ² ridhksl iajhxfmdaIS ² ridhksl úIufmdaIS

² laIqøÔùkaf.a Ndú; ² fhda.Ü ksIamdokh ² Èhr lsrs ñoùu

² uoHidr ksIamdokh ^ rd" ìh¾" jhska& ² wdydr ksIamdok ² fílrs l¾udka;h ² m%;smQrl ² rildrl ² úkdlsrs ksIamdokh ² weuhsfkda wï, ksIamdokh ² fldïfmdaiaÜ ² ffcj m%;sl¾uKh ² cSj jdhqj

² laIqøÔùka y÷kajhs'² laIqøÔùkaf.a i¾j jHdma;sh ms<sn|

idlÉPd lrhs'² laIqøÔùkag wêl mßjD;a;Sh fõ.hla

yd m%ckk yelshdjla we;s njm%ldYlrhs'

² mq`M,a ldhsl úúO;ajhlska hqla; ksidúúO mßir ;;a;ajj,g wkq.; úhyelsnj úia;r lrhs'

² laIqøÔùkaf.a úúO Yajik l%uidlÉPd lrhs'

² laIqøÔùkaf.a úúO fmdaIK l%u úia;rlrhs'

² CIqøcSùkaf.a mdrsirsl iïnkaO;dksÍlaIKh lrhss'

² úúO lafIa;%j, laIqøÔùkaf.a Ndú;fláfhka úia;r lrhs'

² laIqøÔùkaa Ndú; lr lrkq ,nkl¾udka; ksÍlaIKh fldg jd¾;djlailia lrhs'

² laIqøÔù ksIamdok ,dNodhS njidlÉPd lrhs'

² Yla;s iïm;aj, ;sridr Ndú;h i|ydlaIqø Ôùkaf.a jeo.;alu úia;r lrhs'

4'2 ;dlaIKsl ksIamdokj, § jeo.;a jk laIqøÔùka i;=

,laIK úu¾Ykh lrhs'

4'3 laIqø Ôùka ;dlaIKslksIamdok i|yd Wmfhda.Slr .ekSfï l=i,;d m%.=Klrhs'


4

ksmqK;dj

06

² Ydl m;% ² oaúîc m;S% m;% ² talîc m;S% m;% ² m%NdixYaf,aIKh² Ydl l| ² oaúîc m;%S iy talîc m;S% l|l o< jHQyh ² oaúîc m;%S 3 Ydl l|l oaú;Shsl j¾Okh ² tal îc m;%S Ydl l|l^mdfï l=,h& widudkH j¾Okh ² wrgqj yd t,h ² Ydl lf|ys wd¾:sl jeo.;alu² Ydl uq, ² Ydl uqf,ys wd¾:sl jeo.;alu

² m%d:ñl iy oaú;Shsl jkdka;r² m%Odk jkdka;r j¾. ² ksj¾;k f;;a iodyrs; ² ksj¾;k úh<s ñY% iodyrs; ² ksj¾;k l\qlr jkdka;r ² fla;=Or jkdka;r ² oej jkdka;r ² jkdka;rj, wd¾:sl jeo.;alu

² oaúîc m;%S iy talîc m;S% m;%j,jHQyuh fjkialï igyka lrhs'

² Ydl m;%h m%NdixYaf,aIKh u.skaldfndayhsfâ%g ksmojk uQ,sl ia:dkhnj m%ldY lrhs'

² Ydl m;%j, wd¾Ól jákdlï ,ehsia;=.; lrhs'

² wd¾Ól j jeo.;a ùug Ydl m;% i;=iqúfYaIS ,laIK idlÉPd lrhs'

² oaú îc m;%s l|l iy tal îc m;%sl|l jHQyfha fjkialï igyka lrhs'

² oaú îc m;%s Ydl l|l oaù;Shsl j¾Okhiy tal îc m;%s Ydl l|l mdfï l=,h&widudkH j¾Okh^Anomalous growth)ksid l| úIalïNfhka jeä jk njnj wjOdrKh lrhs

² Ydl lf|ys wd¾:sl jeo.;alu ,ehsia;=.; lrhs'

² wd¾Ól j jeo.;a ùug Ydl l| i;=úhhq;= iqúfYaIS ,laIK ksÍCIKhlrhs'

² Ydl uqf,ys wd¾:sl jeo.;alu úia;rlrhs'

² m%d:ñl iy oaù;Shsl jkdka;rj,fjkialï ,ehsia;=.; lrhs'

² m%Odk jkdka;r j¾. lsysmhl uQ,sljHQyuh ,laIK úia;r lrhs'

² jkdka;rj, jeo.;alu m%ldY lrhs'² oej jkdka;r we;s lsrSfï jeo.;alu

idlÉPd lrhs'

4'4 Ydlfha l| " m;% yd uq,aj, jHQyh" lD;H iy wd¾Ól jákdlu y|qkd .kshs'

4'5 iajdNdúl jkdka;rj, jHQyhúuiñka tys we;s iïm;al¾udka; i|yd ;sridr f,ifhdod .ekSfï l=i,;d m%.=Klrhs'

09


5

ksmqK;dj

07

² jkdka;r wdrlaId lr .ekSfï l%u ² ;sridr Ndú;h ² rlaIs; we;s lsrSu ² jk j.d we;s lsrSu

² mgl frdamKh ye|skaùu² mgl frdamKhg Ndú; lrk uQ,sl mgl j¾. ² w.%ia: úNdclh ² <má m;% fldgia ² wxl=r ² <má l|ka ² f¾Kq² mgl frdamKfha uQ,sl mshjr²mgl frdamKfha Ndú;

² wmDIAAGjxYSka ² wdf;%dfmdavd jxYh ² wd¾Ól jeo.;alu

² biaid² ó ueiaid

² mDIAAGjxYSka ² wd¾Ól jeo.;alu

² wiaÓl uiqka² ldáf,ac uiqka² mlaISka² laISrmdhska

² jkdka;r wdrlaId lr .ekSfïl%fudamdhhka ms<sn| jd¾;djla ilialrhs'

² mgl frdamKh y÷kajhs'² mgl frdamKh i|yd fhdod .; yels mgl fldgia ,ehsia;=.; lrhs'² mgl frdamKfha § wkq.ukh lrkq

,nk uQ,sl mshjr úia;r lrhs'² mgl frdamKh Ndú;fhka Y%s ,xldfõ

lrkq ,nk l¾udka; ms<sn| f;dr;=re/ia lrhs'

² wmDIAAGjxYSka yd mDIaGjxYSka fjkalr olajhs'

² wd;%fmdavd jxYhg wh;a wd¾Óljákdlulska hq;a cSùka kï lrhs'

² biaid yd ó ueiaidf.a wd¾Óljeo.;alu idlÉPd lrhs'

² fldafâgd jxYhg wh;a wd¾Óljákdlulska hq;= cSùka kï lrhs'

² mDIaGjxYSka by< wd¾Óljákdlulska hq;= nj WodyrKolajñka ^wiaÓl uiqka" ldáf,acuiqka" mlaISka yd laISrmdhska& úia;rlrhs'

06

4'6 Ydl m%pdrKh lsÍfïld¾hCIu l%uhla f,imgl frdamKh y÷kd .kshs'

4'7 wd¾Ól jákdlulska hq;amDIAAGjxYS yd wmDIaGjxYSi;=ka fláfhka y÷kajhs'


6

ksmqK;dj

15² n,h ² n,fha ffoYsl iajNdjh ² n,fha tall ² n, úfNaokh ² .uH;dj ² p,s;h ms<sn| ksjqgkaf.a kshu ² nr iy .=re;aj flakaøh ² iajhx iSreudre n,

² wd;;sh ² f;rmqu ² >¾IKh

² >¾IK ix.=Klh

² n,h hkak y÷kajd fohs'² n,hlg úYd,;ajhla" ÈYdjla yd l%shd

,CIHhla mj;sk nj fmkajd fohs'² n,hl l%shd f¾Ldj úia;r lrhs'² n,hla tlsfklg ,ïnl ÈYd follg

úfNaokh lrhs'² p,s;h we;s lsÍu iy p,s; iajNdjh

fjkia lsÍu ksõgkaf.a kshu weiqßkameyeÈ,s lrhs'

² i alkaOfha;a m %fõ.fha;a . =Ks;h.uH;dj f,i olajhs'

² ksõgkaaf.a fo jk kshuh bÈßm;a lrhs'² n,fha tallh jk ksõgkh w¾: olajhs'² F= ma iólrKh Ndú; lr ir, .eg¨

úi|hs'² ksõgkaf.a ;=ka jk kshuh weiqßka l%shd

m%;sl%shd we;s jk wdldrh úia;r lrhs'² jia;=jl nr hkq fmdf<dj u.ska we;s

lrk wdl¾IK n,h f,i y\qkajd fohs'² jia;=jl nr l%shd lrk ,laIHh .=re;aj

flakaøh f,i kï lrhs'² oKavla" ;eáhla iy j<,a,la hk

taldldr >k jia;=j, .=re;aj flakaøh,l=Kq lr fmkajhs'

² iajhx iSreudre n,j, iajNdjh úia;rlrhs'

² ir, l%shdldrlula weiqßka ia:s;sl"iSudldÍ iy .;sl >¾IK n, úia;rlrhs'

² F=µR bÈßm;a lr >¾IK ix.=Klhy÷kajd fohs'

² F=µR wdY%s; ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'

5' n,h iy tys wdprKms<sn| oekqu tosfkodcSú; wjYH;d i|ydfhdod .kshs'

5'1 n,fha iajNdjh iy tysn,mEï p,s;h ms<sn|ksõgkaf.a kshu weiqßkaúia;r lrhs'


7

ksmqK;dj

09

07

² tal f¾Çh n, foll iïm%hqla;h² wdk; n, foll iïm%hqla;h² n, iudka;rdi% m%fïhh

² >Q¾Kh² hq.auhl >Q¾Kh

² ,laIHdldr jia;=jl iu;=,s;;dj² n, folla hgf;a iu;=,s;;dj² n, ;=kla hgf;a iu;=,s;;dj

² oDV jia;=jl iu;=,s;;dj² n, folla hgf;a iu;=,s;;dj² n, ;=kla hgf;a iu;=,s;;dj

² n, iudka;r wjia:dj² n, wdk; wjia:dj

² tal f¾Çh n, foll iïm%hqla;fhaúYd,;ajh iy ÈYdj fidhd .kshs'

² n, iudka;rdi% m%fïhh bÈßm;a lrhs'² n, iudka;rdi % m %fïhfh a ùÔh

m%ldYkh Ndú; lr wdk; n, folliïm%hqla;h fidhd .kshs'

² >Q¾Kh w¾: olajhs'² >Q¾Kh flfrys n,mdk idOl bÈßm;a

lrhs'² n, hq.auhl >Q¾Kh úia;r lrhs'

² n, folla hgf;a ,laIHdldr jia;=jliy oDV jia;=jl iu;=,s;;dj úia;rlrhs'

² n, ;=kla hgf;a ,laIHdldr jia;=jliu;=,s;;dj i|yd wjYH;d bÈßm;a lrhs'

² wdk; n, ;=kla hgf;a oDV jia;=jliu;=,s;;dj i|yd wjYH;d bÈßm;a lrhs'

² iudka;r n, ;=kla hgf;a oDV jia;=jliu;=,s;;dj i|yd wjYH;d bÈßm;a lrhs'

² >Q¾K uQ,O¾uh bÈßm;a lrhs'² tlsfklg ,ïnl n, folla iys; n,

;=kl tal;, n, moaO;shla i|yd jk.eg¨ úi|hs'

11

5'2 n, moaO;shl iïm%hqla;húu¾Ykh lrhs'

5'3 n,hl N%uK wdprKhm%udKkh lrhs'

5'4 tal;, n, moaO;shliu;=,s;;dj ms<sn|úYaf,aIKh lrhs'


8

ksmqK;dj

14 ld¾hh hdka;%sl Yla;sh

pd,l Yla;sh W;a;drK pd,l Yla;sh

úNj Yla;sh .=re;ajdl¾IK úNj Yla;sh

laIu;dj ^cjh& hdka;%sl Yla;s ixiaÒ;s uQ,O¾uh ld¾hlaIu;dj

² fldaK ñkqï jk wxYl yd f¾ähkye¢kaùu

² f¾ähk iy wxYl w;riïnkaO;dj

² ihskh" fldaihskh yd gexckh hk ;%sfldaKñ;sl wkqmd; ye¢kaùu

^fo jk jD;a; mdoh olajd&

² 0, , , , 6 4 3 2

fldaKj,

;%sfldaKñ;sl wkqmd;

^sin, cos, tan &

² sin2 + cos2 = 1

ld¾hh" Yla;sh y÷kajhs' hdka;%sl Yla;sfha m%fNao kï lrhs' W;a;drK pd,l Yla;sh i|yd

m%ldYkh bÈßm;a lrhs' .=re;ajdl¾IK úNj Yla;sh i|yd

m%ldYkh ,nd .kshs' hdka;%sl Yla;s ixiaÓ;s uQ,O¾uh

bÈßm;a lrhs' CIu;dj w¾: olajhs' hka;%hg imhk cjh yd

hka;%fhka ,nd fok M,odhS cjhu.ska ld¾hCIu;dj y÷kajhs'

CIu;dj iy ld¾hCIu;dj wdY%s;.eg¨ úi|hs'

² fldaK ñkqï f,i wxYl iyf¾ähkh y÷kd .kshs'

² f¾ähk iy wxYl w;riïnkaO;dj úia;r lrhs'

² ihskh" fldaihskh" gexckh hk;%sfldaKñ;sl wkqmd; y÷kajhs' fojk jD;a; mdoh olajd&

² 0, , , , 6 4 3 2

fldaKj,

;%sfldaKñ;sl wkqmd;hka fidhhs'

² sin2 + cos2 = 1 i¾jiduH

msysgjhs'

06

6' ld¾hh" Yla;sh iycjh ^laIu;dj&ms<sn| oekqum%dfhda.sl wjYH;di|yd WÑ; f,ifhdod .kshs'

7' tÈfkod Ôú;fhald¾hh ;%sfldaKñ;slwkqmd; Ndú;fhkamyiq lr .kshs'

6'1 ld¾hh" Yla;sh iy cjh^laIu;dj& ms<sn| oekqum%dfhda.sl wjYH;d i|ydWÑ; f,i fhdod .kshs'

7'1 ;%sfldaKñ;sl wkqmd;úia;r lrhs'


9

ksmqK;dj

09² ;%sfldaKñ;sl wkqmd; Ndú;fhka;%sfldaKhl mdo iy fldaK fiùu'

² wdfrdayK fldaK" wjfrdayK fldaK

² 1

sin C2

S ab iQ;%h Ndú;fhka

;%sfldaKhl j¾.M,h fiùu'

² pdmhl È.² flaJøsl LKavhl j¾.M,h

² ;%sfldaKñ;sl wkqmd; Ndú; lr .eg¨úi|hs'

² RcqfldaKsl ;%sfldaK wdY%s; È. ydfldaK fiùu i|yd ;%sfldaKñ;slwkqmd; Ndú; lrhs' m%dfhda.sl wjia:do we;=<;a j&

² m%dfhda.sl wjia:dj, § wfrdayK fldaKwjfrdayK fldaK ,efnk wdldrhms<sn| úuis,su;a fõ'

² ; % sfld aKhl iïu; wxlkhNdú;fhka ;%sfldaKhl j¾.M,h i|yd

1 sin C

2S ab iQ;%h ,nd .kakd

wdldrh úia;r lrhs'² tu iQ;%h Ndú;fhka ;%sfldaKhl

j¾.M,h fidhhs' ^m%dfhda.sl wjia:do we;=<;a j&

² pdmhl È. fiùu i|yd l r iQ;%hy÷kd .kshs'

² l r iQ;%h Ndú;fhka pdmhl È..Kkh lrhs'

² flakaøsl LKavhl j¾.M,h my;i|yka iQ;% weiqßka .Kkh lrhs'

21S

2r ^ 1 " f¾ähkaj,ska uek we;'&

S2

A

1 " f¾ähkaaj,ska uek we;'

fuys A hkq flakaøsl LKavh ,nd .;a

jD;a;fha j¾.M,hhs'0

0S

360A

1 wxYlj,ska uek we;s flakaøfha

wdmd;s; fldaKhhs'&² ixhqla; ;, rEm wdY%s; .eg¨ úi£u

i|yd by; iQ;% Ndú; lrhs'

09

7'2 ;%sfldaKñ;sl wkqmd; Ndú; lrhs'

7'3 pdmhl È. yd flaJøslLKavhl j¾.M,h fidhhs'


10

ksmqK;dj

24² N%uK p,s;h yd iïnkaO fN!;slrdYs

² f l daK sl ú i a; dmk h θ² fldaKsl m%fõ.h ω

² wdj¾; ld,h T ² N%uK ixLHd;h f ² wjiaÒ;s >Q¾Kh I

² fldaKsl ;ajrKh α² N%uK pd,l Yla;sh

² jHdj¾;h τ ² N %uK p,s;fh a rdY Sk a w;r

iïnkaO;d

² = 2 f ² τ = Iα

² E = 1/2 I ω 2

úoHq;h úoHq;a wdfrdamK" úoHq;a Odrdj

iy úNj wka;rh' úoHq;a m%;sfrdaOh ikakdhlhl m%;sfrdaOh

´ï kshuh m%;sfrdaOh flfrys n,mdk

idOl m%;sfrdaOl;dj WIaK;ajh iu. m%;sfrdaOh úp,kh

úoHq;a m%Nj úoHq;a .dul n,h wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh

² N%uK p,s;fha fhfok jia;= iy moaO;sy÷kd .kshs'

² N%uK p,s;h yd ineÈ fN!;sl rdYsw;r iïnkaO;d iólrKhla u.skaolajhs'

² jia;=jl N%uK wjiaÓ;sh ms<sn| ñkquf,i wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh y÷kajd fohs'

² ksYap, j mj;sk jia;=jlg N%uKhla,nd §u i|yd;a N%uKh jk jia;=jlfldaKsl m%fõ.h fjkia lsÍu i|yd;ajHdj¾;hla fhÈh hq;= nj meyeÈ,s lrhs'

² N%uK p,s;h yd iïnkaO p,s;iólrK Ndú;fhka ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'

² wjiaÓ;s >Q¾Kh § we;s jia;= i|yd;ajrKh yd N%uK pd,l Yla;sh wdYs%;ir, .eg¨ úi|hs'

² Odrdj iy wdfrdamK w;r iïnkaO;djolajhs'

úNj wka;rh meyeÈ,s lrhs' ikakdhlhl m%;sfrdaOh iy øjHhl

m%;sfrdaOl;dj meyeÈ,s lrhs' WIaK;ajh iu`. m%;sfrdaOfha úp,kh

wdo¾Ykh lr olajhs' iqmsß ikakdhl;dj y÷kajhs' m %Njhl úoH q; a.dul n,h iy

wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh meyeÈ,s lrhs' úoHq;a.dul n,h" úNj wka;rh"

wNHka;r m%;sfrdaOh iy úoHq;a Odrdjw;r iïnkaO;dj olajhs'

12

8' N%uK p,s; ms<sn|oekqu m%dfhda.slwjYH;d i|ydfhdod .kshs'

9' úÿ,s WmlrKkv;a;= lsÍu iymßm: ie,iqï lsÍui|yd úoHq;h ms<sn|oekqu fhdod .kshs'

8'1 N%uK p,s;h yd iïnkaOoekqu m%dfhda.sl wjYH;di|yd fhdod .kshs'

9'1 Odrd úoHq;fha uQ,slixl,am iy uQ,O¾u ms<sn|wkafõIKfha fhfohs'


11

ksmqK;dj

15

fY%aKs.; iy iudka;r.;m%;sfrdaO ixhqla;

úoHq;a mßm: l¾fpd*a kshu I iy II fldaI iy m%;sfrdaOl iys;

mßm: úoHq;a WmlrKhl úoHq;a Yla;sh

laIu;dj' úoHq;fha ;dmk M,h iqmsß ikakdhl;dj

úoH q;h yd p qïnl;ajh w;rwka;¾l%shd úoHq;a Odrdfõ pqïnl M,h pqïnl lafIa;%hlg ,ïnl j

;nd we;s Odrdj f.k hkikakdhlhla u; n,h (F= BIl)

úoHq;a pqïnl fm%arKhmßKdul oÕrj, fmdg ixLHdj iy

úNj wka;r w;r wkqmd;h

mßmQ¾K mßKdul i|yd

Vp Ip = V s Is

² fY% aKs.; iy iudka;r.; ir,mßm:j, iul m%;sfrdaOh fidhhs'

fY%aKs.; m%;sfrdaOl moaO;shla úNjfnÿula f,i Ndú; l< yels nj m%ldYlrhs'

m%;sfrdaO ixhqla; iys; oaúudk ir,mßm: i|yd .Kkhka isÿ lrhs'

mßm: wdYs%; ir, .Kkhka i|ydlz¾fpd*a kshu Ndú; lrhs'

m%;sfrdaOlhl ckkh jk ;dmm%udKh fiùu i|yd Odrdj" úNjwka;rh iy m%;sfrdaOh iïnkaO lr.kS'

úoHq;a WmlrKhl laIu;dj wdY%s;.Kkhka isÿ lrhs'

mßjrKh lrk ,o ^mßjD;& lïìo`.rhl .,k Odrdj ksid we;s jkúoHq;a pqïnl;ajh wdo¾Ykh lrhs'

pqïnl lafIa;%hl ;nd we;s Odrdj .,kikakdhlhla u; n, wdo¾Ykh lsÍugOdrd ;=,dj fhdod .kshs'

pqïnl lafIa;%hlg ,ïnl j ;nd we;sOdrdj .,k ikakdhlhla u; n,fhaÈYdj fiùu i|yd *af,ñkaf.a ju;akshuh Ndú; lrhs'

pqïnl n,fha úYd,;ajh flfrysn,mdk idOl kï lrhs'

pqïnl lafIa;%hlg ,ïnl j ;ndwe;s Odrdj .,k ikakdhlhla u;n,h .Kkh lrhs'

9'2 úoHq;h yd pqïnl;ajh w;rwka;¾l%shd ms<sn|wkafõIKfha fhfohs'


12

ksmqK;dj

² ;dmh² m%idrKh

² >k øjHj, f¾Çh" j¾.M,iy mßud m%idrKh

² øj m%idrKh

² ;dm yqjudrej² úYsIag ;dm Odß;dj² wjia:d úm¾hdih² ú,hkfha úYsIag .=ma; ;dmh² jdIamSlrKfhaa úYsIag .=ma; ;dmh

pqïnl lafIa;%hl ;nd we;s Odrdjf.k hk iDcqfldaKdi% lïìo`.rhla u; n, hq.auhla we;s jknj ms<s.kS'

ir, l%shdldrlï weiqßka úoHq;apqïnl fm%arKh úia;r lrhs'

úoHq;a pqïnl fm%arKfha fh§ï f,ivhskfudaj yd mßKdul y÷kajd fohs'

wjlr yd wêlr mßKdulj,Wmfhda.S;dj WodyrK weiqßkameyeÈ,s lrhs'

mßKdul yd iïnkaO ir, .KkhkaVp Ip = V s Is iQ;%h yd

iQ;%h weiqrska isÿ lrhs'

² >k m%idrKh i|yd m%idrK;dj iyWIaK;aj fjki w;r iïnkaO;dbosrsm;a lrhs'

² >k m%idrKh wdY%s; j .eg,q úi|hs'² ir, l%shdldrlula u.ska øj m%idrKh

wdo¾Ykh lrhs'

² ;dmc m%idrKfha fh§ï úia;r lrhs'

² ;dm Odß;dj w¾: olajd Q= C nj

m%ldY lrhs'

² ú' ;d 'Od w¾: olajd Q= C iólrKh

f.dv k.hs'

07

07

10' ;dmh ms<sn| oekqutÈfkod lghq;= iyúoHd;aul lghq;=i|yd fhdod .kshs'

10'1 >k iy øj m%idrKhms<sn| wkafõIKh lrhs'

10'2 ;dm yqjudrej iy wjia:dúm¾hdi ms<sn|wkafõIKfha fhfohs'


13

ksmqK;dj

09² ;dm ixl%duK úê² ikakhkh² ixjykh² úlsrKh

² ;dm yqjudrej úia;r lr Bg wod<ir, .Kkh lsÍï isÿ lrhs'

² § we;s øjHhl ú' ;d 'Od fiùu i|ydñY%K l%uh Ndú; lrhs'

² .=ma; ;dm wjia:d WIaK;aj ld,m%ia;drhl i,l=Kq lrhs'

² ú,hkfha ú'.=';d w¾: olajhs'² jdIamSlrKfha ú'.=';d w¾: olajhs'² wjia:d úm¾hdihl § ,nd .kakd fyda

msg lrk ;dmh m%udKkh lrhs'

² ;dm ixl%duK úê ms<sn| meyeos,s lrhs'² mßjrKh l< oKavla yryd ;dm

ikakhk YS>%;dj flfrys n,mdkidOl m%ldY lrhs'

² m%dfhda.sl j ;dm ikakhk YS>%;djwvq lr .; yels wdldr fhdackdlrhs'

² WodyrK weiqßka iajdNdúl ixjykl%shdj,sh meyeÈ,s lrhs'

² ;dm úlsrKh flfrys mDIaG j¾.M,h"mDIaGfha iajNdjh yd WIaK;ajhn,mdk nj WodyrK u.ska fmkajdfohs'

10'3 ;dm ixl%duK l%u ms<sn|wkafõIKfha fhfohs'


14

ksmqK;dj

10² ;dm ridhkh yd iïnkaO uQ,slixl,am² ;dmh" ld¾hh" Yla;sh² moaO;sh" mßirh ^jgmsgdj& yd

udhsu² wjia:d úm¾hdi

² ú,Sk ùu² ñoSu² W!¾èjmd;kh² m%;sW!¾èjmd;kh² jdIamSlrKh² ix>kSNjkh

² m%;sl%shd ;dmh² ;dmodhl yd ;dmdjfYdaIl

m%;sl%shd² Yla;s me;slv² m%;sl%shd ;dmfha Ndú;

² ;dmh" ld¾hh" Yla;sh" moaO;sh" udhsuyd jgmsgdj hk mo w¾: olajhs'

² udhsu yryd mod¾: yd Yla;s yqjudrejk moaO;shla újD; moaO;shla f,iy÷kajhs'

² udhsu yryd Yla;sh muKla yqjudre jkmoaO;shla ixjD; moaO;shla f,iy÷kajhs'

² udhsu yryd mod¾:h yd Yla;sh yqjudrefkd jk moaO;shla tal,s; moaO;shlaf,i y÷kajhs'

² moaO;sfha yd jgmsgdfõ tl;=j úYajhnj m%ldY lrhs'

² ú,Sk ùu" ño Su" W!¾èjmd;kh"m %; sW!¾èjmd;kh" jdIam SlrKh"ix>kSNjkh hk fN!;sl úm¾hdiw¾: olajhs'

² wjia:d úm¾hdi ms<sn| wKql uÜgfïú.%yhl fhfohs'

² m%;sl%shd ;dmh hkak úia;r lrhs'² ;dmodhl yd ;mdjfYdaIl m%;sl%shd

WodyrK weiqßka meyeos,s lrhs'² ;dmodhl yd ;mdjfYdaIl m%;sl%shd

wdo¾Ykh lrhs'² wï,-Niau m%;sl%shd wdY%s;" m%;sl%shd

;dmh mÍlaIK weiqrska .Kkh lrhs'² m%;sl%shd wdY%s; ;dm úm¾hdi .Kkh

lsÍfï oS isÿ l< Wml,amk m%ldY lrhs'² m%;sl%shdjla wdY%s; ;dm úm¾hdih

Yla;s rEmigyklska ksrEmKh lrhs'

07

11' ;dm ridhkh yd iïnkaO uQ,sl

ixl,am .fõIKhlrhs'

11'1 fN!;sl úm¾hdi yd iïnkaO;dm úm¾hdi mÍlaId lsÍug;dm ridhkfha uQ,sl ixl,amNdú; lrhs'

11'2 m%;sl%shd ;dmh mÍlaIKd;aulj ks¾Kh lrhs'


15

ksmqK;dj

10 m%;sl%shd YS>%;dj m%;sl%shdjl YS>%;dj flfrys n,mdk

idOl WIaK;ajh idkaøKh fN!;sl iajNdjh ^m%;sl%Shlj,

mDIaÀl j¾.M,h& W;afm%arl

² m%;sl%shd ;dmfha Ndú; WodyrKweiqßka úia;r lrhs'

² m%;sl%shd ;dmh ms<sn| yeoEÍï ffokslðú;fha oS yd jev f,dalfha oSm%fhdackj;a jk nj ms<s.kshs'

² hï úm¾hdihl tall ld,hla ;=< isÿjk fjkia ùu YS>%;dj f,i m%ldYlrhs'

² øjH m%udKfha fjkia ùu m%;sl%shdYS>%;dj uekSfï uQ,sl idOlhla f,iolajhs'

² YS>%;dj iei£fï § øjH m%udKh fydaidkaøKh fyda u; r|d mj;sk fjk;a.=Khla Ndú; l< yels nj meyeÈ,s lrhs'

² m%;sl%shd YS>%;dj wOHhkh lrKq msKsild,h ueksh yels fifuka isÿ jkridhksl m%;sl%shd f;dard .kshs'

² m%;sl%shdjl YS>%;dj flfrys n,mdkidOl WIaK;ajh" idkaøKh ^mSvkh&"fN!;sl iajNdjh m%;sl%Shlj, mDIaÁlj¾.M,h& yd W;afm%arl kï lrhs'

² ridhksl m%;sl%shdjl YS>%;dj flfrysWIaK;ajfha n,mEu wdo¾Ykh lrhs'

² m%;sl%shdfõ YS>%;dj flfrys idkaøKfhan,mEu fmkaùu i|yd WodyrK imhhs'

² m%;sl%shdjl YS>%;dj flfrys fN!;sliajNdjh n,mdk wdldrh wdo¾Ykhlrhs'

² iucd;Sh yd úIucd;Sh W;afm%arl u.skam%;sl%shd YS>%;dj fjkia ùu wdo¾Ykhlrhs'

12' pd,l ridhkúoHdfõ uQ,slixl,am Ndú;fhkam%;sl%shd YS>%;djmd,kh lrhs'

12'1 ridhksl m%;sl%shdjlYS>%;dj flfrys n,mdkidOl mÍlaIKd;aul jks¾Kh lrhs'


16

ksmqK;dj

10

05

;ks mshjr m%;sl%shd ;ks mshjr m%;sl%shd i|yd Yla;s igyk il%shk Yla;sh

m%;sl%shdjla isÿ ùu i|yd imqrd,sh hq;=wjYH;d wKq .eàu WÑ; osYdk;shla iys; j .eàu il%shk Yla;sh blaujd ;sîu

by; wjYH;d imqrd ,Sug WIaK;ajh"idkaøKh" W;afm%arl yd fN!;sliajNdjh n,mdk wkaou

nyq mshjr m%;sl%shd fõ. ks¾K mshjr

² ldnksl ixfhda. ye|skaùu ² ffcj ridhk úoHdj iy ffcjdKq ² ffcj ridhksl wKqj, we;s

l%shdldÍ ldKav ² ls%hdldÍ ldKavj,g wdfõKsl ,laIK ² úoHq;a >DK;dj ² O%eùh" ks¾O%eùh nj

² c,fha ødjH;dj iy yhsv%ckankaOk

² wdï,sl;dj fyda NdIañl;dj

² ;ks mshjr m%;sl%shdjla hkq l=ulaoehsúia;r lrhs'

² ;ks mshjr m%;sl%shdjla wdY%s; j m%;sl%shdLKavdxlhg tosßj Yla;sh m%ia;dßl jbosßm;a lrhs'

² il%shk Yla;sh y÷kajhs' ² m%;sl%shdjla isÿ ùug miqrd ,sh hq;=

wjYH;d kï lrhs' ² wKq .eàu" wKq WÑ; osYdk;shlska hq;=

j .eàu yd .efgk wKq il%shk Yla;shblaujd ;sîu m%;sl%shdjla iïmQ¾K ùugimqrd,sh hq;= wjYH;d nj m%ldY lrhs'

² m%;sl%shdjla isÿ ùug imqrd ,sh hq;=wjYH;d ;Dma; lsÍu flfrys WIaK;ajh"idkaøKh" W;afm% arl iy fN!;sliajNdjh hk idOl n,mdk wdldrhúia;r lrhs'

² nyq mshjr m%;sl%shdjla úia;r lrhs' ² m%;sl%shdjl fõ. ks¾K mshjr meyeos,s

lrhs'

² ldnksl ixfhda. y`ÿkajhs' ² ffcj ridhk úoHdj yd ffcjdKq

y÷kajhs' ² ldnksl ixfhda. iy ffcj ridhksl wKq w;r we;s iïnkaO;dj idlÉPd lrhs' ² ffcj ridhksl wKqj, we;s l%shdldÍ

ldKav jk -OH , -NH2 , -COOH ,

-CHO, -COR , y÷kd .kshs'² l%shdldÍ ldKavj, wdfõKsl ,laIK

,ehsia;= .; lrhs'

13' ldnksl ixfhda.ffcjdKqj, jHQyh"jeo.;alu yd Ndú;.fõIKh lrhs'

12'2 ridhksl m%;sl%shdjlYS>%;dj flfrys n,mdkidOl úia;r lsÍug pd,lridhk úoHdfõ uQ,slixl,am Ndú; lrhs'

13'1 ldnksl ixfhda. iyffcj moaO;s i|yd jeo.;als%hdldÍ ldKav y÷kd.kshs'


17

ksmqK;dj

05

05

² ldfndayhsfâ%g² fudfkdielrhsv² vhsielrhsv

² fmd,sielrhsv² ldfndayhsfâ%gj, jeo.;alu iy

Ndú; ² ffcj moaO;sj, § ² l¾udka;j, §

² weuhsfkda wï,² ye¢kaùu² jHQyh yd ix.Kkh

² fmmaghshsv iy fm%daàkj, jHQyhyd ls%hdldÍ;ajh

² fm%daàkj, jeo.;alu iy Ndú; ² ffcj moaO;sj, § ² l¾udka;j, §

² ldfnd ayh sfâ %g y÷kajd t ajdfudfkdielrhsv" vhsielrhsv ydfmd,sielrhsv f,i j¾. lrhs'

² ldfnd ayhsfâ%ghl wvx.= ix>gluQ,øjH yd úfYaIs; ldKav kï lrhs'

² vhsielrhsvj, yd fmd,sielrhsvj,wka;¾.; .a,hsfldisäl nkaOk y÷kd.kshs'

² fnkälaÜ yd f*a,sx ødjK Ndú;fhkair, iSks y÷kd .kshs'

² whãka ødjKh Ndú;fhka msIaGh y÷kd.kshs'

² ldfndayhsfâ%gj, ,dlaIKsl .=Kúia;r lrhs'

² ldfndayhsfâ%gj, ld¾ñl Ndú; ms<sn|idlÉPd lrhs'

² weuhsfkda wï, wKqjl wka;¾.; m%Odkl%shdldÍ ldKav y÷kd .kshs'

² w;HjYH weuhsfkda wï, 10 kï lrhs'² fm%daàkj, wka;¾.; úfYaIs;

ldKav yd nkaOk y÷kd .kshs'² fok ,o ffcjdKq w;ßka fm%daàk wKq

y÷kd .kshs'² fm%daàkhl m%d:ñl yd oaú;ShSl jHQy

^wdldr& úia;r lrhs'² kskayhsã%ka ødjKh weiqßka ksoyia weuhsfkda wï, y÷kd .kshs'² fm%daàk y÷kd .ekSu i|yd nhshqf¾Ü ødjKh Ndú; lrhs'² ffcj moaO;sj, § yd l¾udka;j, §

fm%daàkj, jeo.;alu idlÉPd lrhs'

13'2 ldfndayhsfâ%gj, jHQyh.fõIKh lrhs'

13'3 weuhsfkda wï, iyfm%daàkj, jHQyh.fõIKh lrhs'


18

ksmqK;dj

05² tkaihsu ye¢kaùu² W;afma%rl .=Kh iy Wmia;r

úYsIag;dj meyeÈ,s lsÍu'² tkaihsuj, ls%hdldÍ;ajhg

n,mdk uQ,sl idOl² tkaihsuj, jeo.;alu iy Ndú;

² ffcj moaO;sj, §² l¾udka;j, §

² úgñk ye¢kaùu ² c,fha ødjH;dj ² fïofha ødjH;dj ² ffcj moaO;s i|yd úgñkj, wjYH;dj

² tkaihsu úfYaI .=K we;s fm%daàkhlaf,i y÷kajhs'

² tkaihsuj, W;afm%al .=Kh m%ia;drhlaweiqßka idlÉcd lrhs'

² tkaihsufha Wmia;r úYsIag;dj"il%sh fmfoi" weiqßka úia;r lrhs'

² tkaihsuj, ls%hdldÍ;ajhg n,mdkuQ,sl idOl f,i WIaK;ajh " pH w.h,jK idkaøKh " Wmia;r idkaøKhwdÈh úia;r lrhs'

² l¾udka;j, § fhdod .kakd tkaihsukï lrhs'

² tkaihsu Ndú;fha jdis úia;r lrhs'² úgñk ye÷kajhs'

² c,fha Èh jk úgñk yd fïofha Èhjk úgñk WodyrK olajñka fjka lrolajhs'

² úúO úgñka wvx.= úúO wdydr kï lrhs'² úgñka ys. ùfuka we;s jk W!k;d

,laIK ,ehsia;=.; lrhs'² ffcj moaO;s i|yd úgñkj,

jeo.;alu idlÉPd lrhs'

13'4 tkaihsu iy úgñkj,jeo.;alu .fõIKh lrhs'


19

ksmqK;dj

09

² ,smsv ye`Èkaùu'² ,smsvj, ixrpl yd jHQyh

² meje;au² fïo iy f;,a

nyq wjhúl ye|skaùu fmd,st;s,Ska ^PE& fmd,sjhskhs,a laf,darhsâ ^PVC& fmd,sfm%dms,Ska ^PP& fmd,st;s,Ska fgrs;ef,aÜ ^PET& fmd,siaghsÍka ^PS&

hdka;%sl .=K wkqj nyq wjhúl j¾.SlrKh

rn¾ ma,diaála ;ka;=

² ,smsv y÷kajhs'² ,smsvj, wvx.= m%Odk ix>gl uQ,øjH

kï lrhs'² ,smsvj, wka;¾.; m%Odk ldKav yd

nkaOk kï lrhs'² ,smsv wKqjla ks¾udKh ù we;s wdldrh

úia;r lrhs'² fok ,o ffcjdKq w;ßka ,smsv wKq

y÷kd .kshs'² ,smsv u.ska ffcj foay ;=< bgq flfrk

lD;H m%ldY lrhss'² ir, mÍlaId weiqfrka ,smsv y÷kd .kshs'

nyq wjhúl y\qkajhs' PE, PVC , PP , PET, PS yd iajdNdúl

rn¾ys ridhksl jHQyh y÷kd .kshs' we;eï nyq wjhúl wKq yria

nkaOkj,ska neoS we;s nj meyeos,s lrhs' by< m%;Hia: .=K we;s nyq wjhúl

øjH rn¾$b,diagu¾ f,i y÷kd .kshs' iSñ; m%;Hia: .=K we;s nyq wjhúl

ma,diaála f,i úia;r lrhs'fmd,s t;s,Ska fgß;ef,aÜ ^PET&"

fmd,st;s,ska ^PE&" fmd,sjhskhs,alaf,darhsvs ^PVC&" fmd,sfm%dms,Ska^PP&"fmd,siaghsÍka^PS& ma,diaála øjHf,i kï lrhs'

m%;Hia: .=K iSñ; yd by< wd;;shlgTfrd;a;= fok nyq wjhúl øjH ;ka;=f,i kï lrhs'

04

14' úúO l¾udka; i|ydNdú; jknyqwjhúl ms<sn`o júu¾Ykh lrhs'

13'5 ,smsvj, jHQyh .fõIKhlrhs'

14'1 nyq wjhúl fN!;sl .=Kwkqj j¾.SlrKh lrhs'


20

ksmqK;dj

08

12

msrjqï øjH ye|skaùu jeo.;alu .=Kdx. wdl,k o%jH ye|skaùu jeo.;alu úI iajNdj

m%;Hia:;dj wd;;sh iy ú;;sh wd;kH iy iïmSvl m%;Hdn,h wd;kH iy iïmSvl úl%shdj m%;Hdn, - úl%shd m%ia;drh yqlaf.a kshuh hx udmdxlh weÈ lïìhl .nvd ù we;s Yla;sh

khsf,daka hkq ;ka;= øjH iEoSug .kq,nk nyq wjhúlhla nj idlÉPd lrhs'

rn¾ fjd,alkhsia lsrSu meyeos,s lrhs'² WIaK;ajh iu. ma,diaála øjHhkays

.,d hdfï .=Kh mrSlaId lrhs'² frcsf*daï fmd,siaghsrSka& fhdod f.k

ma,diaála ldnksl ixfhda.j, oshùuwdo¾Ykh lrhs'

² msrjqï øjH y\qkajhs'² msrjqï øjHj, ;sìh hq;= .=Kdx. idlÉPd

lrhs'² iajNdúl rn¾ u.ska gh¾ ksIamdokfha

§ yd ma,diaála øjH ksIamdokfha §fhdod .kakd msrjqï øjH kï lrhs'

² wdl,k øjH y÷kajhs'² weisÍu i|yd fhda.H ma,diaála y\qkd

.kshs'² ma,diaála øjH oDv yd kuHYS,S ùug

fya;= idlÉPd lrhs'² wdl,k øjH ñksia YÍrhg wys;lr jk

wjia:d we;s nj meyeÈ,s lrhs'² wdydr weisÍu i|yd fhda.H ma,diaála

Ndú;fhaa jeo.;alu wjOdrKh lrhs'

øjHhl m%;Hia: .=Kh úia;r lrhs' ;ka;=jl wd;;sh iu`. ú;;sh úp,kh

jk wdldrh mÍlaId lrhs' wd;kH m%;Hdn,h iy iïmSvl m%;Hd

n,h w¾: olajhs' wd;kH úl%shdj iy iïmSvl úl%shdj

w¾: olajhs'

15' mod¾:fha hdka;%sl.=K ms<sn| oekquudkj wjYH;d i|ydfhdod .kshs'

14'2 nyq wjhúl Ndú;fhkaNdKav ksIamdokh lsrSuioyd wdl,k øjH ydmsrjqï øjH fhdod .eùums<sn| úuid n,hs'

15'1 m%;Hia:;dj ms<sn| oekquNdú; lrñka wjYH;djg.e<fmk øjH f;dard .kshs'


21

ksmqK;dj

13

13

^m%;Hia: úNj Yla;sh&

>k;ajh idfmalaI >k;ajh

øjiaÓ;s mSvkh mSvk iïfm%aIKh ms<sn|

meial,a uQ,O¾uh Wvql=re f;rmqu wdlsñãia uQ,O¾uh bms ï uQ,O¾uhW;ama,djl;d flakaøh

;r, .;s úoHdj ;r, m%jdy ika;;s m%jdy iólrKh

m%;Hdn,h iy úl% shdj m%ia;drhNdú;fhka ;kH yd Nx.=r øjHj,yeisÍu úia;r lrhs'

iudkqmd;sl iSudj i|yd yQla kshuhbÈßm;a lrhs'

§ we;s ;ka;=jl fyda ÿkakl .nvd ùwe;s Yla;sh m%udKkh lrhs'

m%;Hdn, ;;a;ajhka hgf;a § jia;=jlyevfhys iy mßudfõ o fjkia ùïwe;s jk nj m%ldY lrhs'

² > k ; aj h i y i df mal aI > k ; aj h h k mo

mey eÈ, s l r Ndú; l r h s'

øjiaÓ;s —mSvkh˜ i|yd m%ldYkh Ndú;lrhs'

mSvk iïfm%aIKh meyeÈ,s lsÍu iyNdú; lsÍu isÿ lrhs'

jia;=jla øjhl .s,S mj;sk m%udKhwkqj Wvql=re f;rmqu fjkia ùu mÍCIdlrhs'

l% shdldrlula weiqfrka wdlsñäiauQ,O¾uh i;Hdmkh lrhs'

;r, ;=< § jia;=jla bms,S mej;SfïwjYH;d meyeÈ,s lrhs'

W;ama,djl;d flakaøh y÷kajd fohs' isria j bms,Sfï wjYH;d úia;r lrhs'

úúO ;r, m%jdy wdldr úia;r lrhs'^wdl+,-wkdl+, , ika;;sl - wika;;sl&

;r, m%jdyhl m%fõ.h iy j¾.M,hfhdod .ksñka m%jdy Ys>%;d fidhd .kshs'

16' ksYap, iy p,s; jk;r, ms<sn| oekqutÈfkod Ôú;wjYH;d iy;dlaIKsl lghq;=i|yd fhdod .kshs'

16'1 ksYap, j mj;sk øjms<sn| wkafõIKh lsÍui|yd wod< uQ,O¾u iykshu fhdod .kshs'

16'2 ;r, m%jdy wkafõIKhlsÍu i|yd wod< uQ,O¾u ydkshu fhdod .kS'


22

ksmqK;dj

nzkq,s uQ,O¾uh

² ridhksl l¾udka; ye|skaùu² 5M ixl,amh ye|skaùu yd m%fhdack

² 5S ixl,amh ye|skaùu yd m%fhdack

² m%;sl%shd l=àrh² ye¢kaùu ² uQ,sl fldgia yd jeo.;alu ² wuqøjH we;¿ lsÍu

² m%Odk M, bj;a lsÍu² ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha wdldr² w;=reM, bj;a lsÍu² ñY% lsÍu² ;dm yqjudrej² fN!;sl ;;a;aj hdukh

m%dfhda.sl wjia:d meyeÈ,s lsÍu i|ydnzkq,s uQ,O¾uh fhdod .kshs'

nzkq,s uQ,O¾uh Ndú;fhka ir, .eg¨úi|hs' úNjh fjkia fkdjk wjia:di|yd&

² ridhksl l¾udka;hl iajNdjhúia;r lrhs'

² f,dalfha m%Odk ridhksl l¾udka;kï lrhs'

² ridhksl øjH mßyrKfh a §ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq úia;r lrhs'

² 5M ixl,amh m%ldY lrhs'

² 5S ixl,amh m%ldY lrhs'

² ridhksl l¾udka; i|yd 5M iy

5S ixl,amhkays jeo.;alu úia;r

lrhs'

² m%;sl%shd l=àrh y÷kajhs'² m%;sl%shd l=àrhl ;sìh hq;= wx. yd

tajdfha jeo.;alu ,ehsia;=.; lrhs'² m%;sl%shd l=àrh ks¾udKh lsÍfï §

ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq wjOdrKh lrhs'² m %; sl % shd l =àrh Ndú;fh a§

ie,ls,su;aúhhq;= lreKq úia;r lrhs'² ksIamdok l%shdj,sh m%Yia; lsÍu i|yd

wkq.ukh l< hq;= l%shdud¾. idlÉPdlrhs'

² ;;a;aj md,kfha jeo.;alu idlÉPdlrhs'

10

1317' Y%S ,xldfõ ridhksl

l¾udka; ms<sn`o júuid n,hs'

17'1 ridhksl l¾udka;hlM,odhS;dj jeä lsÍugwjYH l=i,;d m%.=K lrhs'

17'2 ridhksl l¾udka;hl §m%;sl%shd l=àrh yd ;;a;ajksis mßÈ hdukh lrhs'


23

ksmqK;dj

^WIaK;ajh" mSvkh&² ksIamdok l%shdj,sh

² wuqøjHj, m%ñ;sh² wuqøjHj, wkqmd;h² ñY% lsÍu² ;;aj md,kh

² inka iy fiaÿïldrl ksIamdokh² ffcj ãi,a ksIamdokh (Bio Diesel)² fmdiafmaÜ fmdfydr ksIamdokh² ;Ska; ksIamdokh² lvodis ksIamdokh

m%d:ñl mßjD;a;c iajNdj ksIamdok ye¢kaùuiajNdj ksIamdok j¾. m%d:ñl mßjD;a;c j¾. ld¾ñl Ndú;

oaú;Shsl mßjD;a;coaú;Shsl mßjD;a;c j¾.m%Nj Ndú;

² wu qøjHj, m %ñ;sh " wu qøjHj,wkqmd;h"ñY% lsÍu yd ;;a;aj md,kfhajeo.;alu idlÉPd lrhs'

² inka ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha m%Odk mshjrúia;r lrhs'

² inka yd laId,l w;r fjki meyeos,slrhs'

² ridhkd.drfha oS inka ksheoshlaksmojhs'

² ffcj ãi,a ksmoùfï l%shdj,sh úia;rlrhs'

² fmdiafmaÜ fmdfydr ksmoùfï l%shdj,shúia;r lrhs'

² foaYSh jYfhka fmdiafmaÜ fmdfydrksmoùfï jákdlu úia;r lrhs'

² ;Ska;j, wvx.= ix>gl kï lrhs'² ;Ska; ksmoùfï uQ,sl mshjr úia;r

lrhs'² lvodis ksmoùfï l%shdj,sh úia;r lrhs'

iajNdj ksIamdok y÷kajhs' m % d:ñl mßjD;a;c yd o aú; Sh sl

mßjD;a;c f,i iajNdj ksIamdok j¾.lr olajhs'

m%d:ñl mßjD;a;cj,g WodyrKolajñka tajdfha jeo.;alu yd Ndú;úia;r lrhs'

ridhksl j yd ld¾ñl j we,afldfyd,aixYaf,aIKh ms<sn| j idlÉPd lrhs'

12

2118' iajNdj ksIamdok yd

tajdfha ksiaidrKúê úu¾Ykh lrhs'

17'3 ridhksl l¾udka;hlksIAmdok l%shdj,shlkshe,Sfï mQ¾j iQodkum%o¾Ykh lrhs'

18'1 úúO j¾.fha iajNdjksIamdok " tajdfha m%Nj ydNdú; úuid n,hs'


24

ksmqK;dj

22 oaù;Shsl mßjD;a;c ksiaidrKhlsÍfï l%u

ødjl ksiaidrKhwdijkhf;rmSuj¾Kf,aL Ys,am l%um;%;=kS ia;rl=¨Kq

Rf w.h

ksiaidrlh msßisÿ lsÍumqk¾iaMálSlrKhW!¾Ojmd;kh

lD;s%u U!IO ixYaf,aIKh fmagkaÜ n,m;% ,nd .ekSu

m%d:ñl mßjD;a;cj, ld¾ñl Ndú;úia;r lrhs'

m % d:ñl mßjD; a;c yd o Aú; Sh slmßjD;a;cj, fjkialï wjOdrKhlrhs'

oaú;shsl mßjD;a;c y÷kajhs' ridhksl jHQyh yd l%shdldÍ;ajh wkqj

oaú;Shsl mßjD;a;c j¾. lr olajhs' oaú;Shsl mßjD;a;c j¾. i|yd WodyrK

olajñka tajdfha m%Nj ,ehsia;= .; lrhs' oAú;Shsl mßjD;a;cj, jeo.;alu yd

m%fhdack úia;r lrhs'

iajNdj O¾ufha wmQ¾j ks¾udKhla f,iiajNdj ksIamdok w.hhs'

iajdNdúl m%Njhlska U!IOhlaksiaidrKh lr .ekSfï l%u úia;rlrhs'

ksiaidrlh tys ixrplj,g fjkalr .ekSug j¾Kf,aL l%u Ys,amNdú; lrhs'

Rf w.h úia;r lrhs'

ixY=oaO M, fjka lr .ekSfï l%uidlÉPd lrhs'

fmagkaÜ n, m;%h y÷kajhs' fmagkaÜ n,m;%hla ,nd .ekSfï

jeo.;alu úia;r lrhs'

18'2 iajdNdúl m%Njhlskaoaú;Shsl mßjD;a;c j¾.ksiaidrKh lr .ekSfïmshjr úu¾Ykh lrhs'


25

ksmqK;dj

² ,CIH folla hd lrk f¾LdLKavfha È.

² ,CIH folla hd lrk ir, f¾LdLKavfha uOH ,CIHfha LKavdxl

² y mx c wdldrh" ir, f¾Ldjl

wkql%uKh iy wka;#LKavh² iudka;r f¾Ldj, wkql%uK w;r

iïnkaOh² tlsfklg ,ïn f¾Ldj, wkql%uK

w;r iïnkaOh² ir, f¾Ld foll fþok ,laIHfha

LKavdxlh

² f ok , o( x1

,y1 ),(x

2,y

2 ) LKavdxl

u.ska oelafjk ,CIH folla hd lrkir, f¾Ld LKavfha È. (l) fiùugl2= (x

1 - x

2)2 + (y

1 -

y

2)2 iQ;%h Ndú; lrhs'

² fok ,o (x1 ,y

1 ),(x

2,y

2 ) LKavdxl u.ska

oelafjk ,CIH folla hd lrk ir,f¾Ld LKavfha uOH ,CIHfha LKavdxl

fiùug 1 2 1 2x +x y +y

, 2 2

iQ;%h Ndú;

lrhs'

² wkql%uKh ^m& yd wka;#LKavh ^c& §we;s úg ir, f¾Ldjl iólrKhy mx c wdldrfhka m%ldY lrhs'

² ir, f¾Ldjl iólrKh y mx c wdldrfhka § we;s úg m wkql%uKhf,i o" c wka;#LKavh f,i o úia;rlrhs'

² ir, f¾Ldjl wkql%uKh iy tu ir,f¾Ldj x wlaIfha Ok ÈYdj iu. idokfldaKfha yeisÍu úia;r lrhs'

² wka;#LKavh ksh; úg" wkql%uKhfjkia ùu wkqj tu f¾Ldfõ yeisÍuúia;r lrhs'

² iudka;r f¾Ldj, wkql%uK iudk njúia;r lrhs'

² m1.m

2 = -1 iQ;%h Ndú;fhka fok

,o ir, f¾Ldjg ,ïn f¾Ldj,wkql%uKh fidhhs'

² fok ,o ir, f¾Ld foll fþok,laIHfha LKavdxlh fidhhs'

04

07

05

19' ldáishdkq LKavdxl;,h weiqfrka talcYs%;h yd j¾.c Ys%;húu¾Ykh lrhs'

19'1 ldáishdkq LKavdxl ;,hweiqfrka ,CIH follaw;r ÿr fidhhs'

19'2 ,CIH folla hd lrkir, f¾Ld LKavfha uOH,CIHfha LKavdxl fidhhs'

19'3 ir, f¾Ldjl iólrKhúia;r lrhs'


26

ksmqK;dj

11

² y = ax2 + bx + c ys YS¾Ifha x ys w.h-b/2a weiqßka y ys w.h ,nd .ekSu

² a > 0 úg jl%h Wvq w;g o a < 0úg jl%h há w;g o újD; jknj

² j¾.c Y%s;hla o< m%ia;drhlA u.skaoelaùu

² flakaøsl m%jK;d ñkqï² uOHkHh ^wiuQys; iy iuqys;

o;a; i|yd&² uOHia:h ^wiuQys; o;a; i|yd&² ud;h ^wiuQys; o;a; i|yd&

²

² tal úp,H o;a;j, m%ia;dr² ixLHd; jHdma;sh² iuqÉÑ; ixLHd; jHdma;sh² m%;sY; iuqÉÑ; ixLHd; jHdma;sh

j¾.c Ys%;hl YS¾Ih ,l=Kq fldg tuY%s;h o< igyklska olajhs

² fl ak aø sl m %jK;d ñk qï f,iuOHkHh" uOHia:h iy ud;h y÷kd.kshs'

² flakaøsl m%jK;dj úia;r lsÍu i|yduOHkHh" uOHia:h iy ud;h hkixl,amj, Wmfhda.S;dj meyeÈ,s lrhs'

² flakaøsl m%jK;d ñkqï .Kkh lrhs'² flakaøsl m%jK;d ñkqï weiqfrka ;SrK

.kshs' ² ixfla;h yd ne|s kS;s yÿkd .kshs'

² ixLHd; jHdma;s j.= Ndú;fhkaixLHd; jHdma;s jl% w¢hs'

² iu qÉÑ; ixLHd; jHdm a; s j. =Ndú;fhka iuqÉÑ; ixLHd; jHdma;sjl% w¢hs'

² m%;sY; iuqÉÑ; ixLHd; jHdma;s j.=Ndú;fhka m%;sY; iuqÉÑ; ixLHd;jHdma;s jl% w¢hs'

² ixLHd; jHdma;s" iuqÉÑ; ixLHd;jHdma;s iy m%;sY; iuqÉÑ; ixLHd;jHdma;s jl% Ndú;fhka o;a; w¾:l:kh

06

1720'úia;rd;aul

ixLHdkfha w¾:húYaf,aIKh lrhs'

19'4 j¾.c Ys%;hl YS¾Ih,l=Kq lr tu Ys%;h o<igykl olAjhs

20'1 ksjeros ;SrKj,g t<eöui|yd flakaøsl m%jK;dñkqï Ndú; lrhs'

20'2 m%ia;dßl ksrEmK weiqfrkao;a; w¾:l:kh lrhs'


27

ksmqK;dj

² úisÍu ms<sn| ñkqï ^iuQys; iywiuQys; o;a;&² mrdih² p;=¾:l² wka;Yap;=¾:l mrdih

² mß.Klh y÷kajd §u² mß.Klh" moaO;shla f,i

² wdodk² ieliqu² m%;sodk

² mqoa., mß.Klhl uQ,sl Wml%u² ;srh ² ;sr j¾. CRT, LCD, LED² moaO;s tallh (System Unit)

² uõ mqjrej" iliqj² iiïNdù m%fõY u;lh (RAM)

² mGk ud;% u;lh (ROM)² oDV ;eáh² È.=m;a" úÿ,s iemhqï tallh

² h;=re mqjrej ^úúO j¾.&² o¾Yl Wml%u (Pointing devices)

² uQislh² ud¾. .=,dj (Track ball)² iam¾Y mek,h (Touch panel)

² wfkl=;a- wdodk m%;sodk Wml%u² m%;sodk

lrhs'² fok ,o iQ;% Ndú;fhka fok ,o o;a;

iu Qyhl mrdih" p;=¾:l ydwka;Yap;=¾:l mrdih .Kkh lrhs'

² fok ,o o;a; iuQyhl mrdih" p;=¾:lyd wka;Yap;=¾:l mrdih újrKhlrhs'

² mß.Klh moaO;shla f,i úia;r lrhs'² wdodk" m%;sodk yd ieliqï f,i oDVdx.

j¾.SlrKh lrhs'² Ndú;lrkakdf.a wjYH;djg wkqj

Wml%u f;dard .kshs'² mß.Klfha idudkH fodaI ksjerÈ lrhs'² m%udKh yd flfrk ld¾hh wkqj

mß.Kl j¾. lrhs'

=

17

0421' mß.Kl moaO;shla iy Wmdx. M,odhS

f,i Ndú; lsÍui|yd .fõIKhlrhs'

20'3 úisÍu ms<sn| ñkqï weiqfrkao;a; jHdma;shla ú.%y lrhs'

21'1mß.Klh y÷kajd tys wdodkyd m%;sodk Wml%u úia;rlrhs'


28

ksmqK;dj

05

² uqøK hka;%h" maf,dagrh"iamSlrh" ;srh

² wdphk Wml%u Storage Devices&² wdphk udOH

² pqïnls;² m%ldY (Optical)² fjk;a

² wdodk² iqmrSlaIlh" uhsfl%df*dakh

;Sre fla; lshjkh ² úúO mß.Kl j¾.

² laIqø mß.Kl² Wl=, u; mß.Kl ^Laptop&² fïi u; mß.Kl ^Desktop&

² fufyhqï moaO;shl wjYH;dj² n, .ekaùfï ls%hdj,sh

(Booting Process)² Ñ;%l w;=re uqyqK; (GUI)

(Graphical User Interface)² úOdk f¾Ld uqyqK;

(Command line interface)² úúO fufyhqï moaO;s

Windows, Linux, MacOS, DOS² újD; fla; fufyhqï moaO;s

Linux, Ubuntu, Fedora, Hanthana² fufyhqï moaO;shl .;s ,laIK

(Characteristics)² u;l l<ukdlrKh² Wml%u l<ukdlrKh² f.dkq l<ukdlrKh

² mßYS,l l<ukdlrKh

² fufyhqï moaO;shla ls%hd lrk wdldrhyd Ndú; lrk wdldrh úia;r lrhs'

² mß.Klfha úúO ixrpl kï lr tajdfufyhqï moaO;sh iuÕ we;s wka;¾ls%hdldÍ;ajh meyeÈ,s lrhs'

² úúO j¾.j, fufyhqï moaO;s úia;rlr m%Odk jYfhka Ndú; jk fufyhqïmoaO;s kï lrhs'

² fufyhqï moaO;sh iy m%Odk u;lh w;rwka;¾ls%hdj isÿ jk wdldrh idlÉPdlrhs'

² f.dkq moaO;sh iy tys ld¾hh úia;rlrhs'

² mß.Klh iy tys úúO ixrplj,msrsú;r kï lrhss'

² fodaI l<ukdlrKh meyeÈ,s lrhs'

22'mß.Kl fufyhqïmoaO;sh iuÕ M,odhSf,i lghq;= lrhs'

22'1 mß.Kl fufyhqïmoaO;sh y÷kajd tys ld¾hhúia;r lrhs'


29

ksmqK;dj

04

² wdrlaIdj² moaO;s ld¾h idOkh l<ukdlrKh ² jerÈ wkdjrKh lr .ekSu

² wfkl=;a uDÿldx. yd mßYS,kw;r wka;¾ iïnkaOh f.dvke.Su

² fufyhqï moaO;s y÷kd .ekSu² f.dkq l<ukdlrKh² fufyhqï moaO;shg oDVdx. iïnkaO

lsÍu

² f u f y h qï moaO; sf h a f l dg i a Desktop,Explorer, Controls& y÷kd .kshs'

² f.dkq ny¨ï Folder& ks¾udKh lrhs'tys Wmf.dkq nyd¨ï sub folder& ilialrhs'

² Odjlh ^Drive&" f.dkqj iy f.dkqnyd¨u y÷kd .kshs'

² f.dkqfõ fldgia y÷kd .kshs'² f.dkq nyd¨ï wdlD;sh Explorer fyda

Nautilus ;=<ska fyda ksÍlaIKh lr fjkialrhs'

² Odjlh" f.dkqj iy f.dkq nyd¨ïúOdk f¾Ld Command Line&Ndú;fhka y÷kd .kshs'

² USB Mouse (USB uQislh)" Pen Drive(iefk,s u;l Wml%u)" Printer ^uqølh&HSDPA dongle wdÈh mß.Klhg tlalrk wjia:dfõ fufyhqï moaO;sfhayeisÍu ksßlaIKh lrhs'

² Control mek,h Ndú;fhka fufyhqïmoaO;sfha úúO wx. ms<sn|j fidhd n,hs'

² uQislh (Mouse)

22'2 mß.Kl fufyhqïmoaO;shla Ndú; ;rhs'


30

ksmqK;dj

14

joka ieliqï uDÿldx.h (word pro-cessing software) ye¢kaùu

joka ieliqï uDÿldx. wdrïN lsÍu kj f,aLkhla weröu f,aLkhla úúO f.dkq (File type)

j¾.j,ska iq/lSu (save) Ñ;%l wl=re uqyqK; (Graphical user

interface) y÷kajd§u uQ,sl ixialrKh (Editing) l¾irh (Cursor) mdG we;=<;a lsÍu (Entering text) mdG uld oeóu (Deleting text) mdG ú;eka lsÍu (Move) Undo yd Redo lsÍu

wdlD;slrKh Formatting& mdG f;aÍu Selecting& wl=re j¾. y÷kajd §u wl=re j¾.h udre lsÍu wl=rej, m%udKh fjkia

lsÍu wl=re j¾Khka wdlD;slrKh bj;a

(Clear format) lsÍu mdG tfl,a, lsÍu (Aligning)

² Yío (Sound)² Personalization² oskh iy fõ,dj (Date & Time)² Folder Option² y~ y÷kd .ekSu (SpeechRecognition)² mßYS,l .sKqu (User Accounts)

² Task Manager Ndú; lr fyda ,sklaiaj,oS ps-A Ndú; lr fufyhqï moaO;sfhafufyhqï (Process) ms<sn|j fidhdne,Sug iy l%shdhk kj;d ;eîug yelsnj y÷kd .kshs'

² joka ieliqï uDÿldx.h újD; lrf.dkq ;ekam;a lsÍu' uQ,sl ixialrKlghq;= lsßu' wdlD;slrKh lsÍu" mdGiy jia;= msgm;a lsÍu" ú;eka lsÍuhkdÈh isÿ lrhs'

23' tÈfkod Èúfha.eg¨ ksrdlrKhlr .ekSu i|ydfhÿï uDÿldx.Ndú; lrhs'

23'1 f,aLklrKh i|yd jokaieliqï uDÿldx.h Ndú;lrhs'


31

ksmqK;dj

jia;= (Objects) yd mdG (text) msgm;alsÍu iy ú;eka lsÍu (copy andmove)

m%;sia:dmkh lsÍu Replacing& ú;eka lsÍu Moving& /|jqï mqjrej ^Clip board& Ndú;h f.kú;a oeóu (Drag & Drop& ixialrK úfYaIdx. (Editing)

wCIrdfõCIKh (Spellchecking) Yío ksêh (Thesorus) msgq oiqka

mßÉfþo wdlD;slrKh(Paragraph formatting) tfl,a, udre lsÍu (Changing

alignment) wkqÉfPo lsÍu (Indents) iSud iy fiahd lsÍu

^Borders and shading& ú,di fhÿu Apply styles) mßÉfþo yd fma<s w;r ysveia

;eîu (Parapraph spacing) Ñ;%l mska;+r yd j.= (Pictures and

Tables) we;=<;a lsÍfï úúOl%u j.= ;ekSu Creating tables& mdG j.= f,i mrsj¾;khlsÍu

j.= we£u Draw tables) mdG we;=<;a lsÍu j.= fuj,ï (Tools)


32

ksmqK;dj

fma<s yd ;Sr we;=<;a lsÍu(Inserting rows and columns)

fldaI" ;Sr yd fma<s uelSu(Deleting cells, column and row)

fldaI ixhqla; lsÍu yd fjkalsÍu (Merge and split)

;Sre m<, ilia lsÍu (Column width) fldaIhla ;=< mdG ia:dk.; lsÍu

iSud iy fiahd lsÍu (bordersand shading)

,ehsia;= Lists& nq,Ü l< iy wxlkh l<

,ehsia;= (bullets and Numbering) kSä; ,ehsia;= ;ekSu (Nested list) ,ehsia;= wdlD;slrKh iels,s ;ekSu (Creating outline&

msgq wdlD;slrKh (Page setup) msgq ;Sre ieliSu (margins) msgq wkqia:dmkh (Orientation)"

msgqfõ m%udKh udre lsÍu msgq iSud ^Borders& fidhd

j¾Kh udre lsÍu YS¾Il ^Header) iy mdol

(Footers) fh§u& msgq ì÷ï (Page breaker) fh§u msgljrh iE§u (Cover page) ysia msgq we;=<;a lsÍu (Blank page) uqøKh lsÍu

uqøKh (Printing) msgq msysgqu uqøK fmr oiqk (Print preview)

me;=reï m;a y÷kajd §u


33

ksmqK;dj

me;=reïm;a uDÿldx.fha wjYH;dj iytys Wmfhda.S;dj meyeÈ,s lrhs'

me;=reï m;la ux fijqï ^Navigation&úfYaIdx. iudf,dapkh lr jevm;la;khs'

Woõ "Help" Ndú; lrhs' o;a; we;=<;a lr tajd wkqms<sfj<lg

m%o¾Ykh lrhs' we;=<;a l< o;a; wkqidrfhka .Kkh

lsÍï isÿ lrhs' o;a;" ixialrKh" msgm;a lsÍu" ú;eka

lsÍu" lemSu" we,ùu iywdlD;slrKh lrhs'

"Auto fill" iQ;%h Ndú; lrhs' fldaI ixhqla; lsÍu iy uOHia:

lsÍu isÿ lrk wdldrh bf.k .kS' o;a; kdu" mrdi" fmryka" f;aÍï

iy j,x.= lrk ,ehsia;= Ndú;fldg o;a; fufyhjhs

iQ;% iy YS%; Ndú; lrhs' m%ia;dr iy igyka ks¾udKh lrhs' YS¾Il yd mdol we;=<;a lrhs' jevfmd;a iqrlshs" msgq .=Kdx. ilihs"

uqøKh lrhs'

me;=reï m;a uDÿldx.h wdrïNlsÍu

me;=reï m;a wdrïNl ;Srh y÷kd.ekSu

Wmldr Help& Ndú;h jev fmd;l ^Work book& uQ,sl

,laIK kj jev fmd;a ^New work book&

;ekSu jev fmd;la újD; lsÍu ^open& jev fmd;l ux fijqu

(Navigation& f,an, we;=<;a lsÍu w.hhka we;=<;a lsÍu fldaI mrdihka f;aÍu (Ranges)

iQ;% Formulae) iudf,dapkh iQ;% we;=<;a lsÍu "Auto sum" Ndú;h "Auto fill" Ndú;h ksrfmalaI iy idfmalaI fldaI

iuqoafoaY ms<sn| wjfndaOh Undo & Redo Ndú;h jev fmd;la iq/lSu (Save) jev fmd;l uqøK fmr oiqk

n,d uqøKh lsÍu jev fmd;la jid oeóu

jev fmd;la ixrlaIKh lsÍu fldaI wka;¾.;h ixrlaIKh"

fldaI msgm;a lsÍu" lemSu" we,ùu fldaI igyka lsÍu yd ú;eka

lsÍu uQislh Ndú;fhka

1423'2 j.= .; l< o;a; .nvdlsÍug iy o;a; úYaf,aIKhlsÍug me;=reï m;a uDÿldx.Ndú; lrhs'


34

ksmqK;dj

/|jqï mqjrej (clip board) Ndú;h"Paste special" úOdkh Ndú; lsÍu wlaIr úkHdih mÍlaId lsÍï

fldaI" ;Sre iy fma<s we;=<;a lsÍu "Find and Replace" úOdkh Ndú;

lsÍu jev m;la wdlD;slrKh lsÍu fldaI wdlD;slrKh

(Cell formatting) f,an, wdlD;slrKh w.h wdlD;slrKh (Number

formatiing) fma<s Wi iy ;Sre m<, (Column

width and row height) fldaI tfl,a, lsÍu (Aligning) fldaI udhsï" miqìï j¾Kh iy

rgdjka tl;= lsÍu "Format painter" úOdkh Ndú;

lsÍu fldaI ú,di Ndú;h Cell style& f,aLk f;aud Ndú; lsÍu Themes&

m%ia;dr ks¾udKh lsÍu iy m%ia;dr(Chart) iu. jev lsÍu m%ia;dr ks¾udKh lsÍu m%ia;dr m%;sks¾udKh lsÍu iy

ú;eka lsÍu m%ia;dr j¾.h fjkia lsÍu (Chart

type) wdfõKsl m%ia;dr h<s ie,iqï iy

ú,di fh§u m%ia;dr f,an, iu. jev lsÍu (Show label)


35

ksmqK;dj

08

m%ia;dr wlaI iu. jev lsÍu (Axis) m%ia;dr miqìï iu. jev lsÍu

(Background) m%ia;dr úYaf,aIl úOdk iu.

jev lsÍu m%ia;dr uQ,dx. wdlD;slrKh m%ia;drfha m%Nj o;a; (Source

data) udre lsÍu jev m;la uqøKh msgq isgqju (Page setup) uqøK fmr oiqk uqøK ÈYdk;sh (Orientation) uqøKh

iu¾mK ye¢kaùu iu¾mK uDÿldx.h wdrïN lsÍu Ñ;%l w;=re uqyqK; f;areï .ekSu

uQ,sl iu¾mKhla ;ekSu iu¾mKhl uQ,sldx. (Elements) mdG iu. jev lsÍu f;aud iy ú,di Ndú;h m%ia;dr igyka iy j.= iu. jev

lsÍu udOH mire iy iÔùlrK we;=¿

lsÍu iu¾mKh wNsu;lrKh Custom

Animation, slide transition&

uQ,sl iu¾mKhla ie,iqï lr tys;ekqï tall ks¾Kh lrhs'

mdG" f;aud iy ú,di iu. jev lrhs' m%ia;dr" igyka" j.=" yevhka Ndú; lrhs' udOH mire Media clip& iy iÔùlrK

iu. jev lrhs' f;aud" miqìï iy ú,di Ndú; lrhs' iu¾mK uDÿldx.fh a úfY aIdx.

iu¾mKh ;ekSu i|yd fhdod .kS' Yío iy mire ^Media clip& iy

iÔùlrK iu¾mKhg ixhqla; lrhs' úúO wdlD;s wkqj iu¾mKh ;ekam;a

lr uqøKh lrhs'

23'3 bf,lafg%dksl bÈßm;a lsÍulg iu¾mK uDÿldx.hla Ndú; lrhs'


36

ksmqK;dj

08² wka;¾cd,h² wka;¾cd,h ye¢kaùu² wka;¾cd,fha b;sydih yd

ixj¾Okh² f j í w; ßl ai qu (web browser)

kshudj,sh (Protocol)² URL (Uniform Resource Locator)² IP ,smskh² jiu (Domain)² ISP wka;¾cd, fiajd iemhqïlre

(Internet service provider)² wka;¾cd,fha fiajd² úoHq;a ;emE,

² www ^f,dal úisß úhuk&² fjí wvú

² fijqï hka;% (Search engines)² ms<si|r l=á (Chat room)² f;dr;=re lKavdhï

(News groups)

² úoHq;a ;eme,a fiajdjla Ndú; lsÍu² úoHq;a ;eme,a .sKqula ;kd .ekSu

^yahoo, G-mail, Hotmail& hkd §² úoHq;a ;eme,a ,smskh² úoHq;a ;eme,a heùu iy ,eîu² ms<s;=re heùu iy úoHq;a ;eme,a

fmrg heùu Forwarding&² f.dkq weñKSu² CC iy BCC Ndú;h² wka;¾cd, wdpdr O¾u Ethics&

² wka;¾cd, b;sydih idlÉPd lrhs'² wka;¾cd,hg iïnkaO ù f;dr;=re

yqjudre lr .kS'² ,smsk úYaf,aIKh lrhs'² fjí ,smskhl ixrpl úia;r lrhs'² fijqï hka;% Ndú; lrhs' (Search

engines)² fjí wvúhl ld¾hh úia;r lrhs'² fjí wvúj, we;s f;dr;=re M,odhS

f,i fidhhs'² úúO j¾.fha fjí wvú y÷kd .kS'² wka;¾cd,fha fiajd úia;r lr Ndú;

lrhs'

² úoHq;a ;emE, hkq l=ulaoehs úia;r lrhs'² úoHq;a ;emEf,ys we;s úúO fiajdjka

y÷kd f.k Ndú; lrhs'² úoHq;a ;eme,a ,smskhka ;khs'² úoHq;a ;eme,a mKsúv heùï ,eîï lrhs'

07

24'f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSuiy ikaksfõokhi|yd M,odhS f,iwka;¾cd,h Ndú;lrhs'

24'1 f;dr;=re m%fõYh i|ydwka;¾cd,h Ndú; lrhs'

24'2 mKsúv yqjudrej i|ydúoHq;a ;emE, Ndú; lrhs'


37

ksmqK;dj

25'1 wm wjg mßirfha we;siajdNdúl pl% ms<sn| úuidn,hs'

25'2 udkj l%shdldrlï c,f.da,hg we;s lrk n,mEïúu¾Ykh lrhs'

05

07

² mßirh ye|skaùu² iajdNdúl pl%

² ldnka pl%h² ´fidaka Tlaiscka pl%h² khsg%cka pl%h

² c, pl%h² iajdNdúl pl%j, iu;=,s;;dj

² c, f.da,h² c, f.da,fha ixrpl ² u;= msg c,h ² N+.; c,h

² id.r c,h² c, m%ñ;s ² mdkSh c, m%ñ;s ² whk j¾. ² ikakdhl;dj ² COD ² BOD ² pH ² lDIsld¾ñl c, m%ñ;s ² ld¾ñl c, m%ñ;s² c, ¥IKh² c, msßmyÿj ² fN!;sl ² ridhksl

² mßirh y÷kajhs'² c, pl%h úia;r lrhs'² ldnka pl%h" ´fidaka-Tlaiscka pl%h

iy khsg%cka pl%h ms<sn| idlÉPdlrhs'

² iajdNdúl j fuu pl% iu;=,s;jmj;sk nj meyeÈ,s lrhs'

² c, f.da,h y÷kajhs'² c, f.da,fha ixrpl kï lrhs'² udkj ls%hdldrlï ksid c, f.da,h

¥IKh jk wdldr úia;r lrhs'² c, m%ñ;slrKfha wjYH;dj i|yka

lrhs'² c,fha m%ñ;s ^ks¾Kdhl& kï lrhs'² c,fha fN!;sl yd ridhksl m%ñ;s

ms<sn| j idlÉPd lrhs'² c, ¥IKh uekSug m%ñ;s ks¾Kdhl

Ndú; lrhs'² c,h msßisÿ lsrSfï wjYH;dj i|yka

lrhs'² fN!;slj yd ridhkslj c,h msßisÿ

lsÍfï l%u w;ayod n,hs'


38

ksmqK;dj

25'4 udkj ls%hdldrlï Ys,df.da,hg we;s lrk n,mEïúu¾Ykh lrhs'

25'5 foaY.=Ksl fjkia ùï yd tysn,mEu úuid n,hs'

07

06

05

² jdhq f.da,h ye¢kaùu² jdhq f.da,fha ia;r² jdhq f.da,fha ixhq;sh² jdhQ ¥IKh² jdhQ ¥IKfha n,mEï² jdhq f.da,fha ¥IKhg fya;= jk

udkj l%shdldrlï² yß;d.dr wdprKh² ´fidaka úhk laIh ùu² wï, jeis² m%ldY ridhksl OQñldj

² Ys,d f.da,h ye¢kaùu² mdxY= ¥IKh² mdxY= ¥IKfha n,mEï ² mdxY= Ldokh ² mdxY= wdï,sl;dj ² mdxY= ,jK;dj² Ys,d f.da,h yd iïnkaO udkj

ls%hdldrlï

² foaY.=Ksl fjkia ùï ye¢kaùu² foaY.=Ksl fjkiaùïj, n,mEu ² j¾Idm;k rgd fjkia ùu

² uqyqÿ c, uÜgu by< hdu² O%ej yd l÷ uqÿkaj, whsia osh ùu² úfYaI j| ù hdu² id.r c,fha ixirK fjkialï² wdka;sl ld,.=Ksl isoaê'

25'3 udkj l%shdldrlï ksidjdhq f.da,fha isÿ jkfjkia ùï úu¾Ykh lrhs'

² jdh q f.d a,fha i a;r yd t ajdfhafjkialï igyka lrhs'

² jdhq f.da,fha ixhq;sh úia;r lrhs'² jdhQ f.da,fha ¥IKhg fya;= jk udkj

l%shdldrlï ,ehsia;= .; lrhs'² ´fidaka úhk laIh ùu " yß;d.dr

wdprKh " m%ldY ridhksl OQñldj ydwï, jeis ms<sn| j idlÉPd lrhs'

² udkj l%shdldrlï ksid jdhq f.da,fhaixhq;sfha isÿ jk fjkialï úia;rlrhs'

² Ys,d f.da,h y\qkajhs'² Ys,d f.da,fha úúO ia;rj, fjkialï

idlÉcd lrhs'² mdxY= ¥IKh y÷kajhs'² mdxY= Ldokh" mdxY= wdï,sl;dj" mdxY=

,jK;dj úia;r lrhs'² Ys,d f.da,fha ¥IKhg fya; =jk udkj

l%shdldrlï úia;r lrhs'

² foaY.=Ksl fjkia ùï y÷kajhs'² j¾Idm;k rgd fjkia ùu ksid we;s

jk n,mEu úia;r lrhs'² whsia Èh ùfï yd uqyqÿ c, uÜgu by<

hdfï wksis úmdl idlÉPd lrhs'² foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdi ksid iuyr úfYaI

j|ù hdfï wjodku idlÉPd lrhs'² j|ù hdfï ;¾ckhg ,laj we;s foaYSh

Ydl yd i;=ka kï lrhs'


39

ksmqK;dj

² id.r c,fha ixirK fjkialï ksidwe;s úh yels n,mEï úia;r lrhs'

² foaY.=Ksl fjkia ùï ksid we;s úhyels wksis n,mEï ms<sn| jd¾;djlailia lrhs'

² ld¾ólrKh ksid we;s jk wksisn,mEu wju lsÍfï Wml%uj,wjYH;dj biau;= lr olajhs'

² yß; ridhkfha uQ,O¾uh úia;r lrhs'² mßir ydksh wju lsÍu flfrys

ldnksl fmdfydr Ndú;h meyeÈ,slrhs'

² wmøjH l<ukdlrK l%u idlÉPdlrhs'

² iqmsßisÿ ksIamdok ixl,amh úia;rlrhs'

0625'6 ñksia l%shdldrlï ksidmßirhg we;s úh yelsn,mEï wju lsÍfï úê l%uúuid n,hs'

úih ks¾foayh 12 13 fy%aks sft.pdf · wohhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% ^wiia fm

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