ii. architectural design considerations. accessibility for the disabled a design manual for a...

II. Architectural design considerations. Accessibility for the Disabled A Design Manual for a Barrier Free Environment

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II. Architectural design considerations

1. RAMPS

1. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

Inaccessible building entrances due to differencebetween indoor and outdoor levels.

Inaccessible routes due to differences in level.

Lack of or improper design of ramps.

Very steep and/or long ramps with no resting landings.

2. PLANNING PRINCIPLE

To provide ramps wherever stairs obstruct the freepassage of pedestrians, mainly wheelchair users andpeople with mobility problems.

3. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

3.1 General

An exterior location is preferred for ramps. Indoorramps are not recommended because they take up agreat deal of space.

Ideally, the entrance to a ramp should be immediatelyadjacent to the stairs.

3.2 Ramp configuration (1)

Ramps can have one of the following configurations:

(a) Straight run (fig. 1);

(b) 90 turn (fig. 2);

(c) Switch back or 180 turn (fig. 3).

3.3 Width

Width varies according to use, configuration and slope.

The minimum width should be 0.90 m.

3.4 Slope

The maximum recommended slope of ramps is 1:20.Steeper slopes may be allowed in special casesdepending on the length to be covered (fig. 4).

Maximumslope

Maximumlength

Maximumrise

1:20 i.e.,9%

- -

1:16 i.e.,6%

8 m 0.50 m

1:14 i.e.,7%

5 m 0.35 m

1:12 i.e.,8%

2 m 0.15 m

1:10 i.e.,10%

1.25 m 0.12 m

1:08 i.e.,12%

0.5 m 0.06 m

3.4 Landings

Ramps should be provided with landings for resting,maneuvering and avoiding excessive speed.

Landings should be provided every 10.00 m, at everychange of direction and at the top and bottom of everyramp.

The landing should have a minimum length of 1.20 mand a minimum width equal to that of the ramp

3.5 Handrail

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

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A protective handrail at least 0.40 m high must beplaced along the full length of ramps.

For ramps more than 3.00 m wide, an intermediatehandrail could be installed (fig. 5).

The distance between handrails when both sides areused for gripping should be between 0.90 m and 1.40 m(fig. 5).

3.6 Surface

The ramp surface should be hard and non-slip.

Carpets should be avoided.

3.7 Tactile marking

A coloured textural indication at the top and bottom ofthe ramp should be placed to alert sightless people as tothe location of the ramp.

The marking strip width should not be less than 0.60m.

3.8 Drainage n Adequate drainage should be provided toavoid accumulation of water.

3.9 Obstacles

The same clearance considerations that apply topathways apply to ramps (see Obstructions).

3.10 Mechanical Ramps

Mechanical ramps can be used in large public buildingsbut are not recommended for use by persons withphysical impairments.

If the ramp is to be used by a wheelchair-confinedperson, the slope should not exceed 1:12.

The maximum width should be 1.00 m to avoidslipping.

4. EXISTING CONSTRUCTIONS

If the topography or structure of the existing building isrestrictive, minor variations of gradient are allowed as afunction of the ramp length:

Maximum slope Maximum length Maximum rise

1:20 i.e., 9% - -

1:16 i.e., 6% 8 m 0.50 m

1:14 i.e., 7% 5 m 0.35 m

1:12 i.e., 8% 2 m 0.15 m

1:10 i.e., 10% 1.25 m 0.12 m

1:08 i.e., 12% 0.5 m 0.06 m

A non-slip surface finish should be added to slipperyramps.

Notes:

(1) Circular or curved ramps are not recommended

2. ELEVATORS


Inadequate space inside the elevator cab.

High position of switches, buttons and control panel.

Narrow entry doors.

Insufficient opening time interval.


To provide well-dimensioned elevators, that disabledpeople can use conveniently.


3.1 General

The accessible elevator should serve all floors normallyreached by the public.

Key-operated elevators should be used only in privatefacilities or when an elevator operator is present.

Wide elevator cabs are preferable to long ones.

3.2 Elevator cab

The minimum internal elevator dimensions, allowingfor one wheelchair passenger alone, are 1.00 m x 1.30m (fig. 1).

The door opening should not be less than 0.80 m.

The inside of the elevator should have a handrail onthree sides mounted 0.80 to 0.85 m from the floor (fig.2).

The maximum tolerance for stop precision should be

Fig. 1

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For ease of reach, the control panel should bemounted 0.90 m to 1.20 m from the floor (fig. 2).

Control buttons should be in an accessible locationand illuminated. Their diameter should be no smallerthan 20 mm.

The numerals on the floor selector buttons should beembossed so as to be easily identifiable by touch.

3.4 Call buttons

For ease of reach, call buttons should be mounted0.90 m to 1.20 m from the floor (fig. 4). 3.5 Flooridentifiers

Tactile numerals should be placed on both sides of thedoor jambs at an approximate height of 1.50 m to help alone sightless passenger to identify the floor reached(fig. 4). 3.6 Hall signal

The elevator hall signal should be placed at anapproximate height of 1.80 m (fig. 4).

3.7 Door re-opening activators

The door opening interval should be no less than fiveseconds. Re-opening activators should be provided.

3.8 Audiovisual signals

The elevator should signal arrival at each floor bymeans of a bell and a light to alert sightless and hearing-impaired passengers simultaneously.

3.9 Floor surface

The floor of the elevator and the area in front of theelevetor on each floor should have a non skid resilientsurface or a low-pile fixed carpet.

3.10 Colour

The colour of the elevator door should contrast withthe surrounding surface so as to be easily distinguishableby persons with visual impairments.


The minimum acceptable size of an existing elevatorcab, allowing for a single wheelchair passenger, is 0.95m x 1.25 m. Smaller cabs should be replaced.

The minimum acceptable width of an existing elevatordoor opening is 0.75 m.

Call buttons and control panels mounted higher thanthe recommended height may be left in place if they arewithin 1.40 m of the floor, this being the maximum reachof a wheelchair user.

Controls mounted higher than 1.40 m should bereplaced.

Where there are two identical control panels, only oneneed be replaced.

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

3. PLATFORM LIFTS (1)


Changes in level between indoor and outdoor areas.

Changes in level inside a building.

Insufficient space for ramps.


To allow people with mobility problems to have freevertical access between different levels.


3.1 General

Platform lifts are special passenger-elevating devicesfor the disabled.

Platform lifts can have either a vertical or an inclinedmovement.

3.2 Vertical movement platform lifts

For maximum level changes of 2.50 m, verticalmovement platform lifts may be installed adjacent to thestairs (fig. 1).

For level changes of more than 1.20 m, the lift shouldbe placed in a closed structure with doors at the differentaccessible levels (fig. 2).

Vertical platform lifts can have a variety of opening forentry and exit (fig. 3).

3.3 Inclined movement platform lifts

Inclined movement platform lifts consist of threeelements: a railing, an electric generator and a movingplatform or seat.

The operating system of the lift can be either lateral(fig. 4) or suspended (fig. 5).

Fig. 1



allow the installation of a lift (fig. 6).

Platform lifts can be installed on all types of stairsincluding switch-back stairs i.e. those with a rotationangle of 180 (fig. 7) and spiral staircases (fig. 5).

3.4 Lift size

The minimum width of the lift platform should be 0.90m and the minimum length should be 1.20 m (fig. 3).


Platform lifts can provide access to existing buildingswhere it would be difficult or unfeasible to install a rampor an elevator.

Inclined movement platform lifts are usually used toconnect one or more floors or to overcome split levels inexisting buildings. In buildings that are or would befrequently used by persons with mobility problems, suchdevices should not be utilized.

Notes:

(1) Platform lifts are also known as stairway lifts orwheelchair lifts.

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6 Fig. 7

4. STAIRS


Steep staircases.

Poorly designed steps that hinder foot movement.


To provide safe and well-dimensioned staircases for thecomfort of all people, especially those with mobilityproblems.


3.1 General

Differences in level should be illuminated or minimizedas much as possible for the comfort of disabled people.

A complementary ramped route, elevator or lift shouldbe provided where there are steps in an otherwiseaccessible path.

All steps should be uniform.

Circular stairs and stepped landings should be avoided(fig. 1).

Open risers are not recommended.

3.2 Width

The minimum width of a stairway should be 0.90 mfor one-way traffic and 1.50 m for two-way traffic.

For indoor stairs, the riser should be between 0.12 mand 0.18 m, and the tread between 0.28 m and 0.35 m.

For outdoor stairs, the maximum riser should be 0.15m and the minimum tread should be 0.30 m.

3.3 Landing (fig. 2) (fig. 3)

Fig. 1

Fig. 2



3.4 Nosing (fig. 4)

Sharp edges and overhanging nosing should not beused for treads.

Nosing should be flush or rounded and should notproject more than 40 mm.

3.5 Handrails

Handrails must be installed on both sides of the stairsand around the landing for gripping (fig. 3).

For stairs more than 3.00 m wide, one or moreintermediate handrails could be provided (fig. 5).

The distance between the handrails when both sidesare used for gripping should be between 0.90 m and1.40 m (fig. 5).

Handrails must extend a distance between 0.30 m and0.45 m at the top and bottom of the stairs (see Railingsand Handrails) (fig. 3).

3.6 Tactile marking (fig. 2) (fig. 3)

A textural marking strip should be placed at the topand bottom of the stairs and at intermediate landings toalert sightless people as to the location of the stairs.

The tactile marking strip should be at least 0.60 mwide and should extend over the full width of the stairs.

To guide users with poor vision, the colour of the stripshould contrast with the surrounding surface. 3.7 Surface

Landings, treads and nosing should be slip-resistantand free of projections.

Exterior stairs should be pitched forward at 10 mmper metre to drain surface water.

Slip-resistant stair nosing should be used to fixcarpets on stairs.

3.8 Emergency stairs

Emergency stairs should be identified by tactilemarkings.

3.9 Mechanical stairs (escalators)

Mechanical stairs can be provided with an adaptabletread at least 1.20 m long, if they are to be used bypersons confined to wheelchairs (fig. 6).

The edges of escalators should be painted in acontrasting colour for the benefit of poor- sighted users.


When the configuration of the nosing cannot bemodified, slip-resistant strip scould be applied to thenosing as an alternative solution (fig. 7).

Slip-resistant strips should be 40 mm wide and shouldnot extent more than 1 mm above the tread surface.

To guide people with sight problems, the colour of thestrips should contrast with that of the stairs.

Fig. 3

Fig. 4: Recommended nosing types

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

5. RAILINGS AND HANDRAILS


Unsafe railings.

Hard to grip handrails.

No railings or handrails.


To install adequate railing, wherever needed for thecomfort and safety of all people, especially those withmobility problems.


3.1 General

Safety guards or railings should be installed aroundhazardous areas, stairs, ramps, accessible roofs,mezzanines, galleries, balconies and raised platformsmore than 0.40 m high.

On stairways, windows positioned less than 1.00 mfrom the landing should have railings.

Handrails should be installed to assist disabled personsin bathrooms and toilets (see Rest Rooms).

Spacing between the vertical and horizontal bars ofrailings should be narrow for the safety of children.

Handrails should not obstruct the path of travel.

3.2 Height (fig. 1) (1)

To facilitate use by ambulant disabled and elderlypeople, handrails should be mounted between 0.85 mand 0.95 m above the finished floor level.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2



To guide sightless people using a long cane, a railshould be mounted at a height between 0.10 m and 0.15m (fig. 1); or a low curb should be installed at a heightbetween 50 mm and 75 mm (fig. 2). Low curbs also actas wheelstops.

3.3 Mounting

Railings should be securely attached to the wall or to asupporting structure so as to withstand heavy loads.

Railings should not end abruptly but extend to thefloor or blend into the wall so as not to create a hazardfor sightless people.

3.4 Form (fig. 3)

Handrails should allow a firm and easy grip.

Circular cross-sections with a diameter of 40 mm arepreferable.

Sharp edges should be avoided.

3.5 Handrails for ramps and stairs

Handrails should continue uninterrupted (except fordoorways) on both sides and around the landing.

Handrails should extend horizontally for a distancebetween 0.30 m and 0.45 m at the top and bottom ofstairs and ramps, except in places where extensionscould obstruct the pedestrian flow (fig.4).

For stairs or ramps more than 3.00 m wide, acontinuous intermediate handrail could be provided (seeRamps; Stairs).

3.6 Wall-mounted handrails

The space between the handrail and the wall shouldbe between 40 mm and 50 mm for smooth walls and 60mm for rough textured walls (fig. 5).

Where handrails are fully recessed into walls, a spaceof at least 0.15 m should be allowed between the top ofthe rail and the top of the recess (fig. 6).

3.7 Tactile marking

For emergency exit stairs or ramps, a contrastingtactile strip at least 0.90 m long should be applied to thetop and bottom edges of the handrail to alert thepartially sighted.

3.8 Colour

A contrasting colour is recommended for handrails toalert people with sight problems.


If existing railings and handrails do not comply withthe above requirements, they should be modified orreplaced.

Notes:

(1) Measurements are taken from the front of the tread.

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

6. ENTRANCES


No distinct accessible entrance.

Inadequate space in front of the entrance.


To provide accessible and easy-to-find buildingentrances.


3.1 General

For new accessible constructions, all main publicentrances should be accessible to an ambulant disabledperson.

At least one entrance per facility should be accessibleto a wheelchair user. In new buildings, the accessibleentrance(s) should be the main entrance(s) intended foruse by the general public.

Each accessible entrance should be connected byaccessible pathways to accessible indoor or outdoorparking areas, local public transit stops and drop-offareas (fig. 1).

In multi-storey buildings, the accessible entranceshould permit access to a conveniently located accessibleelevator or lift.

3.2 Signs

Accessible entrances should be clearly identified usingthe international symbol of accessibility includingalternate locations of accessible entrances (fig. 2).

Fig. 1



3.

Where the entrance door opens inward, the minimumlanding dimensions should comply with figure 4.

The surface of the landing should have a slope of 2%for drainage.

The finish material should be non-slippery.

Jute door mats should be avoided. When usedhowever, the upper surface of the mat should be levelwith the floor finish (fig. 5).

Sheltered landings are preferable.

3.5 Threshold

Thresholds should be removed wherever possible (seeDoors).

3.6 Colour

The colour of the entrance door should contrast withthe surrounding surface so as to be distinguishable bypeople with sight problems.

3.7 Entrance vestibules (see Vestibules)

3.8 Entrance doors (see Doors)


Public buildings should have at least one accessibleentrance. Wherever possible, this should be the mainentrance intended for use by the general public (1) (seeBuilding Types).

If for architectural or technical reasons the mainentrance cannot be made accessible, an alternativeaccessible entrance should be provided. The location ofthe alternative entrance should be clearly indicated bysigns.

To allow for an accessible entrance, one of thefollowing solutions can be adapted:

(a) Ramps, bridges or mechanical lifts be used; (2)

(b) The entrance level might be modified earthfill, or bychanging the grade or the landscaping of thesurrounding site;

(c) A window or another door at ground might beconverted into an accessible entrance.

Notes:

(1) For existing constructions, a service entrance can beused temporarily as an accessible entrance, but it shouldnot be the only accessible entrance.

(2) Mechanical lifts are recommended for buildingswhere modifications are impossible or unacceptable.

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

7. VESTIBULES


Narrow doorways and vestibules.


To provide sufficient space to manoeuvre a wheelchairbetween two sets of doors.


3.1 General

Vestibule entrance doors can be either the sliding typeor the swinging type.

For swinging doors, the door mechanism should allowthe maximum opening swing.

3.2 Layout

The layout of two swinging doors in a series can beone of the following:

(a) Outward-swinging (fig. 1);

(b) Double-swinging (fig. 2);

(c) Swinging in the same direction (1) (fig. 3);

(d) Inward-swinging (fig. 4).


For narrow vestibules either of the following solutionscan be employed:

(a) Replace swinging doors with sliding doors;

(b) Change the direction of the door swing so that bothdoors can be made to swing outwards, if possible (fig. 5).

(c) Install double-swinging doors for small exit vestibuleswith a minimum width of 1.20 m.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2



offset on opposite walls or offset on adjacent walls.

(2) This is recommended for vestibules that also serveas emergency exits because other solutions, such aschanging the direction of the door swing, might not solvethe problem.

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

8. DOORS


Narrow doorways.

Doors hinged on the wrong side, thus hinderingaccessibility.

Doorways with high thresholds.

Heavy and hard-to-operate door leaves.


To facilitate the passage of a wheelchair user throughdoors.


3.1 General

Accessible doors should be so designed as to permitoperation by one person in a single motion with littleeffort.

Power-operated doors are the best for people withdisabilities. The activator system should be automatic orplaced within easy reach.

An accessible door should have the following features:a sign, a door handle, an extra pull handle, glazing and akick plate.

3.2 Door types (a) Automatic doors: - Can be of thesliding or swinging type. In general sliding doors arepreferable to swinging doors (fig. 1) (fig. 2).

- Automatic doors are useful when traffic is heavy.

- Automatic doors should have an adequate openinginterval. -Guard-rails can be installed near double-swinging doors to indicate a door-opening area and toprevent people from being hit by the door.

(b) Revolving doors: - Revolving doors are not suitablefor the use of disabled people or people with prams.

- Wherever there are revolving doors, an adjacentaccessible swinging or sliding door should be provided(fig. 3).

- Auxiliary gates should be provided next turnstiles (fig.3).

(c) Pivoted doors: - Pivoted doors should swing awayfrom the direction of travel wherever possible.

- Pivoted doors in series are considered as vestibules(see Vestibules).

(d) Sliding and folding doors: - Manual sliding andfolding doors are recommended for narrow spaces notheavily used by the public (fig. 4).

3.3 Door opening

For exterior doors, the minimum opening is 0.90 mwhen the door is open.

For interior doors, the minimum opening is 0.80 mwhen the door is open.

The minimum door opening can be 0.75 m if theaccess is straight or if the door can stay open by itself(fig. 5).

The minimum door width of rest rooms should be 0.75

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5



minimum clear width of 0.80 m (fig. 7).

3.4 Manual door hardware

Operational devices on doors, such as handles, pulls,latches and locks, should be easy to grasp with one hand(fig. 8).

(a) Handles: - Lever-type handles, push plates or pullhandles are recommended for swinging doors becausethey are easy to open. (1)

- Round knobs are not recommended.

- Door handles should be located at a comfortable heightbetween 0.90 m and 1.00 m from the floor surface.

(b) Locks: Locks on entrance doors should be mountedat a comfortable height between 0.90 m and 1.00 mfrom the floor.

(c) Extra pull handle: To facilitate closing, a door fittedwith spring closers should be equipped with an extra pullhandle approximately 0.30 m in length, located between0.20 m and 0.30 m from the hinged side of the door andmounted between 0.90 m and 1.20 m from the floor.

3.5 Automatic doors hardware

Automatic doors can be activated by:

(a) Push buttons located at a comfortable heightbetween 0.90 m and 1.20 m; (b) Activating mats, whichcan also serve as a location cue (fig. 2);

(c) Card-insert switch;

(d) Remote control.

3.6 Threshold (fig. 8)

Thresholds should be omitted wherever possible.Weather-stripping at the door bottom is preferred tothresholds.

The threshold should not be more than 20 mm higherthan the finished floor level.

Thresholds higher than 6 mm should be beveled orhave sloped edges to facilitate the passage of awheelchair.

3.7 Exit doors landing

The exit landing should not be lower than the finishedfloor level by more than 20 mm.

3.8 Glazing and glazed doors

Outward swinging doors and doors in public corridorsshould have low windows to enable users to seeoncoming traffic. The bottom edge of the window shouldnot be higher than 1.00 m from the finished floor level(fig. 8).

Completely glazed doors should be avoided inbuildings frequented by people with visual impairments.

Glazed doors should be clearly marked with a colouredband or mark placed for the benefit of all users at aheight between 1.40 m and 1.60 m (fig. 2).

3.9 Kick plates

Kick plates are useful in protecting the finish on thelower part of the door. Kick plates should be between0.30 m and 0.40 m in height (fig. 8).

3.10 Signage

In public buildings, the function or room number,incorporating international symbols should be identifiedat eye level, i.e. between 1.40 m and 1.60 m (fig. 8).

Room numbers should be placed on door frames andnot on doors themselves so that the room number isvisible even when the door is open.

3.11 Colour

The door or the door frame can be painted in a colourthat contrasts with the adjoining wall to facilitate itsidentification by people with visual impairments.


It is recommended that automatic doors replaceheavy, hard-to-open swinging doors.

Door openings narrower than 0.75 m should bewidened. A swing-clear hinged door may be used toslightly enlarge an opening.

Notes:

(1) Lever type handles can be activated by hand, elbowor other means.

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

9. CORRIDORS


Long and narrow corridors creating orientation difficulties.



3.1 General

Wide corridors are useful for wheelchair users, serviceequipment, high traffic areas, etc.

3.2 Width

The unobstructed width of a low-traffic corridor shouldnot be less than 0.90 m. This also allows maneuverabilityin 90 turns (fig. 1).

The unobstructed width of a public corridor should notbe less than 1.50 m. The recommended width is 1.80 m(1) (fig. 2).

To allow maneuverability in 180 turns, the minimumcirculation space should be as shown in figure 3.

The corridor width should allow maneuverabilitythrough the doors located along its length (fig. 2) (fig. 4).

3.3 Obstructions

Obstacles protruding into the corridor, such asdrinking fountains or public telephones, should be placedoutside the circulation path, in alcoves or cul-de-sacs(fig. 5).

Overhanging signs and obstacles should be mountedat least 2.00 m high (fig. 6).

3.4 Surface

Changes in surface level of more than 13 mm shouldbe ramped.

Floor surfaces should be non-slip and even. Carpetsshould be securely fastened.


Narrow corridors should be widened along their fulllength if feasible; otherwise, passing areas should belocated at appropriate intervals along the corridor length.

The minimum width of the passing area should be1.50 m and the minimum length should be 2.40 m.

In highly restricted spaces, the height of an obstacleor sign can be dropped to 1.95 m.

Notes:

(1) 1.50 m is the minimum width for two wheelchairs topass each other or for one wheelchair to make a full turn.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

10. REST ROOMS


Insufficient space inside a rest room.

Poor design and positioning of fixtures and fittings.

Taps that are difficult to grip.


To provide sufficient accessible space inside rest rooms,with all fixtures and fittings being within easy reach.


3.1 General

Turning circles of 1.50 m diameter are recommendedinside the rest room to allow for full-turn maneuvering

Fig. 1



(b) The diagonal approach, which is difficult (fig. 2);

(c) The perpendicular approach, which is also difficult(fig. 3);

(d) The frontal approach which is the most difficult andneeds particular care (fig. 4).

3.2 Public rest rooms

In any public rest room, at least one compartmentfor each sex should be accessible to an ambulantdisabled person.

In any public rest room at least one unisex compartment should be accessible to a wheelchair user.

Accessible rest rooms should be marked with theinternational symbol of accessibility. No indication isneeded if all rest rooms are accessible.

Pivoted doors should open outward unless sufficientspace is provided within the toilet stall.

3.3 Special public rest rooms

Installation of a separate unisex unit is alwaysdesirable in public buildings, even when all rest roomsare accessible, so as to allow a disabled person to beassisted by an attendant of the opposite sex.

Special rest rooms should be marked with theinternational symbol of accessibility but should not bethe only accessible rest rooms.

A water-closet and a lavatory should be providedwithin special rest rooms.

The size and layout of special rest rooms shouldcomply with the minimum requirements (fig. 5).

3.4 Residential rest rooms

Residential rest rooms include those in privateresidences, health facilities, dormitories and otherresidential institutional settings.

Residential bathrooms are usually equipped with atoilet, a bidet, a wash-basin and a bath-tub or shower.

In multiple-rest-room arrangements (such asdormitories):

(a) Only one wash-basin per rest room needs to beaccessible; (b) At least one shower stall and one toiletstall should be designed for a wheelchair user.

To save space in private occupancies:

(a) The tiled floor area adjacent to the tub can be usedas a shower space; (b) The wash-basin seat might beused as a seat during the use of the wash-basin or thehand shower.

The size and layout of residential rest rooms shouldcomply with the minimum requirements (fig. 6).

3.5 Rest room fixtures

1) Water closets:

The size and layout of water-closets and toilet stallsshould comply with the minimum requirement (fig. 7)(fig. 8).

The height of the toilet seat should be between 0.45m and 0.50 m from the finished floor level. (1)

The distance between the center line of the toiletseat and the adjacent wall, if provided with a grip bar,should be between 0.45 m and 0.50 m.

Grab bars should be mounted on the wall behind thewater closet, if it is of the tankless type, and on theside wall closest to the water closet, or mounted on thefloor at the edges of the seat. (2)

Grab bars should be mounted at a height between0.85 m and 0.95 m from the floor.

Flushing arrangements and toilet paper should beplaced within reach at a height between 0.50 m and1.20 m.

Accessible hand-operated flushing controls, locatedon the open side of the water-closet, arerecommended.

Wall-mounted water closets are recommended.

2) Lavatories:

The dimensions of lavatories should comply with theminimum requirements (fig. 9).

The height of a wash basin should be between 0.80m and 0.85 m above the finished floor level.

The distance between the center line of the wash-basin and the adjacent side wall should at least be 0.45m.

The wash-basin may be drawn forward from the walla distance between 0.15 m and 0.20 m.

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig 6.



The dimensions of bath-tubs should comply with theminimum requirements (fig. 10).

The minimum dimensions of the bath-tub should be1.60 m x 0.70 m.

The height of the tub should be between 0.45 m and0.50 m from finished floor level.

An in-tub seat or a seat at the same height of thetub should be provided at the head side of the tub. (1)

A grab bar should be mounted on the wall between0.85 m and 0.95 m from the finished floor level. (2)

Tubs with a toe recess are recommended.

4) Showers:

The dimensions of showers should comply with theminimum requirements (fig. 11) (fig. 12).

The shower should have a seat convenientlypositioned for the shower head at a height of 0.45 mand 0.50 m. (1)

The shower seat should be of the hinged pull-downor removable type, not spring-loaded.

A grab bar should be placed on the wall opposite theseat and around the back wall, mounted at a heightbetween 0.85 m and 0.95 m.

Drain openings should be placed in a corner of thestall so that slip-resistant rubber mats can be used.

The floor of the shower stall should not be more than20 mm below the level of the surrounding floor area.

The shower stall should have a beveled threshold notexceeding 13 mm above the finished floor.

5) Bidets:

The dimensions of bidets should comply with theminimum requirements.

The upper edge of the bidet should be between 0.45m and 0.50 m from the finished floor level. (1)

The distance between the center line of the bidet andthe adjacent wall should be at least 0.45 m.

Wall mounted bidets are recommended.

6) Urinals: (fig. 13)

At least one accessible urinal should be provided inpublic rest rooms.

Urinals should have a clear space on both sides.

A full-length urinal is the most accessible.

Urinals with a protruding lip should be mounted at aheight of 0.45 m from the finished floor level.

3.6 Rest room door

The clear door opening should be at least 0.75 mwith the door in the open position.

Doors should be lockable from inside and releasablefrom outside under emergency situations.

Regardless of the door type, a handle should beplaced on the door from the inside to facilitate closing.Another handle should be provided on the outside (seeDoors).

3.7 Accessories

All accessories, such as soap, towel and toilet paperdispensers, should be placed at a height between 0.50m and 1.20 m from the finished floor level.

3.8 Grab bars

Grab bars should be installed in water-closets, bath-tubs and showers to assist disabled persons to use thefacilities safely and easily. (2)

Grab bars should have a diameter of 30 mm to 40mm.

Wall-mounted grab bars should extent between 35mm and 45 mm from the wall.

Grab bars should be firmly fixed with stand loads andshould have non-slip surfaces; knurled surfaces usuallyprevent slipping.

3.9 Mirrors

Mirrors should be suitable for use by both standingand seated persons. Low mirrors or downward tiltedmirrors can be used.

The bottom edge of mirrors should be located at amaximum height of 1.00 m from the finished floor level(fig. 9).

3.10 Faucets

Fig. 7

Fig. 8



mm.

The space between two taps should not be less than0.20 m.

The left tap should be connected to the hot watersupply.

Telephone fixtures with a cord at least 1.50 m longare recommended for use in showers and bath-tubs.These can be hand-held or fixed at an adjustable heightbetween 1.20 m and 1.80 m from the floor to suit allusers.

3.11 Flooring

Rest rooms must not have doorsteps. The gradient ofthe floor should be as low as possible.

Thresholds should be avoided. When inevitable, themaximum threshold height should be 20 mm (seeDoors).

Flooring materials should be skid-proof and easy toclean.

The floor should be well-drained and provided withadequate waterproofing.

3.12 Alarms

Rest rooms should be equipped with an alarmsystem.

3.13 Pipes

All exposed hot water pipes should be insulated orcovered.

It is preferable that pipes be fitted in the wall.


4.1 Public rest rooms

For accessible buildings, at least one accessible unisexrest room should be provided per facility (see BuildingTypes).

4.2 Wate-closets

To obtain an accessible toilet combine two adjacentstalls by removing one water-closet and the mutualpartition, provided that the number of remainingfixtures is sufficient for the floor population.

4.3 Urinals

Existing high urinals need not be replaced if accessibletoilet fixtures are available.

One urinal per rest room can be lowered.

4.4 Rest room vestibules

For narrow vestibules, replace doors with automaticdoor openers or use swing clear hinges.

Doors that restrict maneuvering space, should beremoved so long as this does not inhibit privacy.

4.5 Grab bars

If grab bars are not provided in the initialconstruction, walls should be reinforced to withstandloads.

4.6 Accessories

Rest room accessories located at a maximum heightof 1.40 m need not be modified if they are accessible.

4.7 Mirrors

If existing mirrors are too high, they can be tilted ora full-length mirror can be installed on another wall.

Notes:

(1) Toilet seats, bidets, shower seats and bath-tubseats are required to be mounted at the same height ofthe wheelchair seat, i.e. between 0.45m and 0.50 mabove floor level.

(2) Grab bars are manufactured in various dimensionsand shapes. They can either be wall-mounted or floor-mounted. Retractable bars are also available.

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Fig. 11

Fig. 12

Fig. 13

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