· ii vgif; cyf: ckdif pmif; psef: qicr:vsi: rhm- 23 cyf:cdkif qkrf:qaicrf:vif: xwf:vduf;...

zkdefvduf;

qAifcrf:vSif:rhm-23

vldefqAif

yDOj,Oej,- 2559 yDwh:- 2110 yDcIAwf.- 2015

II

vgif; cyf:ckdif pmif;pSef:

qAifcrf:vSif: rhm- 23

cyf:cdkif qkrf:qAifcrf:vSif:xwf:vduf; qof;Okcrf:(wmif.bmef:) wufuOD,vrpj,xrf,rj,qIdb/

M.A,A.M (Buddhism, Sri Lanka)qof;TOj,rldif:ukwf;? uRif:euj:rkif:? wj;ukif;/qof;TOj,eef,awj:zj,O? omef;qmrf rldif:rl./qof;TOj,odqdwfwj,zdyj,v? uRif:wgif,yguf.? oAif:arj,vrSif,/

qmuf;eyf: qof;cl:tdef,wu(M.A)? uRif:euj:rkif:? wj;ukif;/qof;azj:uj,qj,I? uRif:euj:rkif:? wj;ukif;/qof;cl:tkwfwrOjIjvifujI ? uRif:ymifN;? oAif:uRuf.sr:/qof;cl:Okre uRif:umif? erf.vef;/

pmif;cldif;yyf. qof;Okcrf: (wmif.bmef:)qof;eef,awj:zj,O (qgrfOSif)qof;odqdwfw (vhm:cj;)qof;azj:uj,qj,I? uRif:euj:rkif:? wj;ukif;/

wSrf;pmif; qhm:ymef:pSif: wj;ukif;tdwf, wD;ayj.vduf;-at:? OAef;wmif:- 35? wj;ukif;/

rldof;yDwh:- 2110 eD;? vldefqAif? wmif:erf- 3000 yyf./

acj;Oif,

yD(yO-2559? yDwh:-2110eD;)eh. qAifcrf:vSif: bkuf.bmif;ckdef;xkdifrj: 23 bmif;bof./awOkdyf,yhxSif;vh; cmof:pkdif uj;pkdofaw. trf,pk/ xrf,rwj, ulef:yhwmif:qkdif uj;yh,xkdif bldif:rmhaw.wkdef:vh;Okdyf,cmof:wmif:bof./ ulnf:uj; oj;eefaOwauj; ayj:bl,trf,vD? wdefygif:qldof:eh.aw.uj;vh;vkdof;eif,uof,/ wj,qAifcrf:vSif:aw. ayj:trf,rD: uof.vduf;? rD:aOw ayj:trf,rD:zl;ygifumefaw. awrldefeif, ulef:umef. cmof:wmif:aO trf,xkdifbldif:rmhvh;eef.bof./

bldif:rmh qAifcrf:vSif:aw. yAefwj, qhg;ykdefsz Oj,Oej,ykwf.xqof;sv; vduf;vmh:wh:bof./ bgef.eef rldof;zgif:ylef.rj: cmof:wmif: 22 yDeef. qAifcrf:vSif:eh. ayj:awtofpAwf:yldifcldif:aO eldif:seauj; wj,Oj,Oej,sv; vduf;vmh:wh:eh. vh;oj; rldefeif, zh:tgef,ekdif;umef;bof./ zh:umef;sc;-tefoj;eh. wj,ulef: qldof:bl,e[:omef;b[, oAif:vlif xkif.tefrD:zh:zeef.aw. trf,cof;wmif:wkdof:aOw wj,qldof:bl,e[:vyf:Odif,aw. wkdef:oj; rD:uj;cefsw."oj;"bof./ qAif,crf:vSif:auj; awj;eef? trf,cof;wmif:wkdof: wj,ulef:pAef:OkifaOwqldof:vh;ykdif;tdifref:auj; wkduf.rD:bl,sv; vh;oj; rldefumef;zh:tgef, wj,cofaO pkpef vgif;zdwf:vgif;xkuf,rj:bof./

xSif;vgif;ekdif; cldif;cgif trf,rD: wD;uSwf,rSwf, Odrf:ySif:eh. wkdef:qmif;Nif;pmhbof./rD:clof:erfauj; pmherf? rD:st,auj; pmhst,bof./ pof:pj:qldof:yAefwh:eh.auj; awj;rldefeif,yldef; wmif,cldof: eif,uof,? rD:uGmrf:vmwf;? vduf;vmh:? zdif;si;sv; wD;bl,wmef:Oof:bof./ uGmrf:vmwf;? vduf;vmh:? zdif;si;sv; ykdef: wD;bl,wmef:Oof: pof:qldof:eef. ayj:trf,tofvduf;vmh:aO xdif:rSwf, uSwf,uif;oh.eif,yldef;qkdif xkdifoef:ekdif;rj: wkdef:awqmif;Nif;pmh? trf,eefauj; yldef;wmif,cldof: wkdef:qmif;tofugj, pAwf:rldefeif, clof:Okef,wlofcofySwf;bof./

ayj:olef.eif,oj; clof:cgif vlof,vh;Odrf:ySif:eh qAifcrf:vSif:eh. vh;oj; rldefeif,wlduf;wj,wh: vkuf;ekdif;aO bmrf;Odrf:ySif:yefoh. clof:cgifwh: tefrD:uj;cefrj: ygwf:tgef,wgef;ekdif;bof./ uj;yAef clof:cgif tefrD:uj;cef wif:vlifqldof:eef. trf,vh;Odrf:rSwf,yefrlwf:aOwuj;ySif;Odrf:ySif:rj: tefyAef vgif;uGmrf: vgif;vduf; vgif;zdif; vgif;ykdef:qldof:eef.aw. wkdef:yAeftefrD:uj;cef wj,wh:bof./

vldofaOeef. vkuf.wD; qAifcrf:vSif:aO qof;ymhurfekrfsu, pof:cof vh;wrf:ymhurfse?vh;qhg;ykdefsz? vh;qhg;uSwf,sc vgifvduf; vgif;xrf:rj:auj; rD:wif:erfbof./ ayj:wlnf:xSif;zmh,ekdif;auj; qAifcrf:vSif:eh. yAefcldif;tef yefwmif:pk wj,vkuf;vmif:vmefvdeftgef,pof:cof

III

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

awtrf,vk trf,bAef:eef.bof./ ayj:awvmwf;se vgif;vD qAifcrf:vSif:? tofqAifcrf:vSif:pAwf:yldifwSuf;aO vmwf;seaw. trf,qmif;bof. qmif;omh:vh;/ acj;abj;brfxdOkwf:aw. vDpkoj;]]e[:oef:cmof:rldof;eh. qAifcrf:vSif: yAefzkdefvduf; tefrD:uj;cef wj,wh:oh. sw."oj;"zkdefekdif;}}ehbof./

cldif;cgif tefrD:uj;cef wj,wh: eif,eheh. ayj:awtof rmuf,wj zl;cAefwh: wlnf:aw.c[;P;ref:vkpmhomh:ogwf;aOw ayj:tof rmuf,wj wh:puf.qmwf;aO wlnf:aw. ukdif,vD Okdyf,puf.Mrf tgrf;ySif: bj,P;qAifcrf:vSif: vh;vkvj:"bof./ ulnf:uj; yldifyAefvlif rldif:ulef:eh. ayj:oj;rguf, uD;rj:aw. Orf.c[;ydwf: vl,Tzj:? trf,eef yuf:ylnf; Okwf,elrfbl,/ ulnf:uj; wj,wlef;rguf,awrD:auj; trf,pkzkuf;Ogrf; tgrf;vgif: Nwf:erf.ref:yef? ulnf:pk pefrldof;ref:uD,ulnf:/ ayj:pof:awpAwf:eif,eefaw. tj,bk qAifcrf:vSif: awtrf,Okdyf,bkdef:bmof:vh;/ ayj:c[;P;ref:Okdyf,bkdef:bmof: ugj,vh;cmof:pkdifaw. vlof,arjyefpSif: wSrf;? cyf:ckdif? vlwlnf: qldof:eh.bof./ayj:pAwf:eefugef, qif,qmif; awbkdef:bmof:vh;bof./

bgef.yldifyAef rD:eif,eefsv; eif,pkdof qAifcrf:vSif: awtrf,rldefeif, ulef:umef.cmof:wmif:aO vkdof;ySwf;eef. zl;puf.Nrf vduf;vmh:pof:cof vlof,arjtgefuef yefpSif:ugef, qAifcrf:vSif: qif,awtrf,bgef, trf,bkdwf:aO Okdyf,yhcmof:wmif:vh;bof./

vgif;vduf;vmh:eh. ayj:vgrfwlnf: yldef; ulef:wmif,cldof:qkdif vh;pef rD:aq: rD:qgwf,oh./vduf;vmh: tefwSrf;oh. vgif;zkuf;Ogrf;? vgif;auj,Omif;? vgif;rmhrD; rl,yldif? ykdwf,se wD;ygif,acj;uGmrf:? ykdef:? vgif;ymh:bl,vDqugj, tduf,qArf vgif;umefzlof umefar:qldof:eh. rD:oh. ul;Orf,OSefyldifbof./ vldofaOeef. yyf.OSef,Orf tefwSrf;seoh. vgif;ul;yldifyldif e[:vkrf:zeh.auj;vh;pefbof./ ayj:pef eif,eefqkdif wj,wh:aw. wkduf.vh;yAeftefchgyldef;bl, ul;rAof:bof./

bgef.eef eif,pkdof yyf.vduf;pof: awckdwf:qef. rldefyldef;eef. tdifeldof zl;puf.vduf;vmh:pof: wif:OAif;bof./ vduf;pof: ckdef;Oif.ckdef;Okifauj; tdifeldof zl;puf.vduf;vmh:pof:? vduf;pof:wrf,abj; wluf:wSrf,auj; tdifeldof zl;puf.Nrf vduf;vmh:pof:bof./ bgef.eef eif,pkdof vduf;pof:uGmrf:pof: awbkuf.bmif; ckdwf:qef.rj:vh;eef. pof:pj: qldoff:Olifpuf. vduf;vmh:eh. vDcgwf,vldwf,zgrf.Nrf;uefaO Okdyf,qkifqef vduf;pof: P;ckdwf:qef. ckdwf:ymefbl, ehaO-

qkrf:qAifcrf:vSif:rhm- 23

yDwh:- 2110

IV

V

rj,wduj,

rmhcyf. Nofacj; ej;vduf;1. ukif,Tzj: (qof;TOj,rldif:ukwf;) 012. Tzj:zgif,awj,tl: (qof;Okcrf:? wmif.bmef:) 043. zoIj,pkvj,sv;acj;Oif,Ogefykwf.xqof; (qof;TOj,OkoI? rmof:crf:) 094. ukif,ayj;sr; (qof;tIdb? ukif:Oj,? oAif:vj;OAof;) 295. xrf,rqof;sv;qof;xrf,r

(qof;TOj,ynfnjeefW? owf.xmwf;awj,? oAif:vghvSrf) 306. vkuf;uSof; (qof;TOj,OkoI? rmof:crf:? vj;OAof;) 327. Omhq[qAifcrf:vSif: (qmh:rmof,qSwf;? rdlif:wArf? vj;OAof;) 368. Tzj:zudif, (qmh:OD,p? ymh:bj? wj;vdlof,) 379. acj;xmrf_wgyf, vgif;wD;udlof:vD (qhm:xl: sv; qof;cl:) 40

10. wlef;rh.sv;ymefulef: (qmif:ax:) 4811. edyf.ymef,arjOgef (OSifrdlif:ukwf;) 5212. Nrf;iof:ayj;wif:sr; (qof;tIdb? ukif:Oj,? vj;OAof;) 5813. xdkofsv;wdkof (qof;eefaWjZjO? qgrfOSif) 5914. OAef;wmif:ymefumif ymefr[, (wdkef:vSif:qgrf? Mrfqmrfidkef:) 6215. ul;wj,aO, (Omif,ukrjI? ckrf,ymif? au,OD,) 6216. Omhq[cdlof: (wjoef:) 6317. uj;cefTOj,vD (qof;Omif,IjQXrfr? egifrgef) 6718. vuf:Oofrmef,wSif, trf,eef Oofrj,vdif,wSif, (rguf,ugefr[,) 6919. yD;egif.wh:rdlif:ukwf; (OSifrdlif:ukwf;) 7220. vD (qof;tIdb? ukif:Oj,? vj;OAof;) 7721. acj;Oif,Ogefykwf.xqof; (qof;tkyAuf.cj,) 7722. wgef;Ogefqdlof:cof P;arjtof (qof;tkyAuf.cj,) 7823. xkuf,vDpkpef (qof;tkyAuf.cj,) 8324. qAifcrf:vSif: (qgrfpmefcdlof:? rdlif:bh) 8325. uj;Nyf.pef (qof;vmof:rdlif:) 8426. uBj.wgef: (Omif,awj,? rdlif:ukwf;) 9027. zotgef,uof (Omif,IjQXrfr? egifrgef? vj;OAof;) 9028. cof;bAefcof;vdlof qgif,vDtof wmif,Ogrf: vgif:Ogrf:

(qof;ynfnjaZjUjvifujI? ugif:vdlof,? vj;OAof;) 91

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

VI

29. qAifcrf:vSif: (qof;tIdbo>O? erf.egifO[) 9330. auj.udkuf:ydkef: (OdlofvSof:pmef? omef;zmh,) 9331. Odyf:tefwmif:vl, trf,vDvl, (TOj,awj,? rdlif:ukwf;) 9432. vlof,bdlif;tof qdlif.eif,ref:emif: (qof;odvjOUfU? rdlif:Ol;) 9633. xkuf,udkwf:oh. (Omhcdlof:? OD,ayj.) 9934. ayj:awso; ulef:edkif;auj. (qgrfpmefcdlof:? rdlif:bh) 10035. pAwf:Omifoh.bof. (qof;tjaQbB? ymif,crf:? rdlif:bAef) 10536. wSuf,bmh;sv;trf,wSuf,bmh; (OSefawj,? rldif:ukwf;) 10537. cmof:wmif:Oefvghrdlif:cBmif: (qof;tkwfwrOjIjvifujI? XrfrjqIdb B.A.) 10638. umefej: (Omif,awj,) 110

39. zmif.Owd yhm:bl,vDsv;Ohmwj (Oldofpmef? omef;zhm,) 11240. wmif:puf.zmh,vAof (qmh:rmof,qSwf;? rdlif:wArf? vj;OAof;) 11341. bj,P;pof:vh;wdlof.q[xSif;yguf;urf:Ogif (qof;odvjO? rdlif:Ol;) 11642. pSif:emif:bdif: (arjOgef bdif:OSiftgef,? awj.Omif,crf:? uRuf.sr:) 11943. vgif;Odlof:Oj, (qof;Okcrf:? wmif.bmef:) 12244. ngyf:wdsv;ygh,zj; (Odlofugef:rdlif:? au:OD:) 12445. ykwf.x vmwf;vgif;ymh:bl,vD (qof;cl:odqdwfwjZdyjv) 12846. erf.bmwf,Nrf;oh. qmwf;eh.cdkef:cgyf; (cdwf.vj:Mrf? au:OD:) 13147. ckefwmhrD:wD;v[ (TOj,awj,? rdlif:ukwf;) 13348. tefvDpuf.aOydlef; (qof;Omif,tjavju? clofvrf) 13649. p ySwf,wlof (bgwf;vSif:? pmh:yj) 13850. Omif,umef: (qof;Okcrf:? wmif.bmef:) 14051. ckefOuBj: pdkof ckeftdef: (Omif,vrf) 14452. wh:auj.pmh. wh:auj.vD (nj,wdcrf:? uRuf.sr:) 14653. bdif:trf,ulofeD; (qof;auj:od? zmhckef,) 15154. rmuf,wjTwj: (qhm:ymef:pSif:) 15655. rguf,bgwf;bkrf. 15756. acj;xmrf_wgyf, qAifcrf:vSif: 16057. cmof,imof:Oj,Oej, 18458. qAifvDcrf:Tzj: vSif:xkdifrj: (S.K Mif. ikdef:vSif:Mrf rldif:emif:) 19359. bj;bjtjbkbkdef:bmof: (qof;trmwf;tgef, OSifwAef:) 194

vgif;bkrf,brf eldof Tzj:yAefqof; vgif;oj;]uSef,qof; yAefqmof:cldof: rmuf;rD:}

]]vkuf;egif.coftlnf. ]qof;auj:wreh. vkuf.uj;wrf; qmof:cldof: ckduf.cGmuf; rmuf;rD: cldif;q[.ukrf,xlef;aOsv; pAwf:Ipmef:} oj, (=OraEjcvk aZj aUjwarj t%f̂ j ukvj yYfYQdawjrpWfXej rpjaZjUj)}}/

tefoj;rj:bof.eh. yAefuGmrf: ykif,ej: aOj:ewef,w tmrf:atj: ukif,erf.uwf. wmif:brf Tzj:yAefqof; sevkuf;egif.ref: xSif;vgif;ekdif; eldofvgif;uSef,qof; yAefqmof:cldof:rmuf;rD: vDyAefbof./

vgif;rmuf;rD:eh. yAefvgif;b[,ckduf.vlif e[:yldifulef: rAof:ekdif;bof./ z[aOtrf,oj; ayj:oj;ugwf:pAef; uSef:zmef? cof; trf,ukrf,udef? ikdef:trf,ukrf,qmh,? wD;bl, wmef:Oof: trf,ukrf,xlef; ayj:ehqkdif yAefvgif;ej;vAuf. wjehg.

e[:wlif, olif:ulef: yldifekdif;bof./ tefulef:pof:tofpAwf: ukif,rkef awj,uef bl,eh. yAef tmrf:emwf;? yh,nj,? rl,ej? vgif;vkdof:Nifsv; vgif;rmuf;rD: qldof:eh.bof./ eif,ulef:rD:tmrf:emwf;?rD:yh,nj, wmif:pk wmif:arj? rD:rl,ej? rD:qkdof;OAifvkdof:vifcof toferf.uwf. wmif:cSef,cof tefrD:eef.aO pAwf:ukif,rkef cof;tguf, Orf,rSefe[:su;yldef;eef. ulef:rmuf;rD:cofauj; awj;eefeif,uof,? wkdef:qmif;tof vgif;rmuf;rD:cofaOsv; rD:Oav,ej;wj e[:su;umifyldef;bof./ ulef:ekdif;auj.eh. eif,uj;oj;rj: pj;yldifqldof:eef. OifOrf. rD:ukrf,xlef;aq:vD wif:pj;yldifqkdif Orf.cSef: xmif,pmif; Orf,rSef? trf,eefauj; rD:ej;rD:wj e[:su;umif ulef:erfbof./

rldefeif, Tzj:yAefqof;eh. ayj:vgrfwlnf:ckdef: ykdef:ref:qof; rldof;ymefyAef qof;qmh:qkdif cldif;yldif rD:ej; rD:wj e[:rldif:ulef: pj;yldif

R

R

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 2tefoj; ]]tmrf:emwf;? yh,nj,? rl,ej? vgif;vkdof:Nifsv; vgif;rmuf;rD:}}ehqldof:eef. wkdef:ukrf,xlef; aq:vD ul;teful;rAof:bof./

vgif;tmrf:emwf;-ehauj; ref:qof; yAefqof;qmh:? yAefvkuf;ckefapjcrf:bof./ ymefrldof;eef. e[:rldif: ekdif;rldif:eh. zl;tefrD: tmrf:emwf; b[,vldof ckefapjcrf: tefoj;eef.wkdef:trf,rD:vh;/ bgef.eefsv; vgif;rD:tmrf:emwf;auj; ref:qof; wArfxlef;bof./

vgif;yh,nj,ehauj; awj;eefeif,uof, vh;pkoj; ref:qof; vlif.cSef, vSef,zmhsw." bof./vgif;ref:qof; vlif.cSef, vSef,zmheef.wlnf:tof vgif;ref:qof; arjbkdof:umifeef.auj; pkxkdifbof./ vgif;arjbkdof:umif,eef.trf,q[; wj,sv,xldef,sv,yj,aO pjbkdof: udefwlofeluf.eh,uh,qgef;? yAefwj,sc.cAif, wkduf:awj: zl;cAef? wj,uSwf,scsp.uif; omef;rldif:sv; qldof.cldof:bof./ vldofaO vgif;bkdof:umif,tefyAef yh,nj,wmif,ql do f.wmif,y l di fauj;ref:qof; wkdef:rD:erf.uwf.wmif:cSef, wArfwlofvDbof./ bgef.oj; ref:qof; yAefzl;tefyj,IrD,b[,Okifsv; qif,oj;eefbof./

vldofaOeef. vgif;rl,ej vkrf:vmif:auj;bgef.ref:qof; yAefqof;qmh:yj:ekdif;sv;wkdef:vldif,sz; ukdef:erfbof./

awoj; vgif;vkdof:Nifauj; bgef.yAef qof;qmh: eif,oj;sv; wkdef:pjwD;oj; trf,rD:?wkdef:vkdof:Nif e[:omef; e[:rldif:? eguf;omef;eguf;rldif:bof./ vgif;Tzj:tvgif: vkdof:Nifeh.yAefqof;qmh:sv; vkdof:Nifulnf:trf,uj: vgif;ref:qof; yAefqmof:cldof: Oj,uD,omif,eef.auj;

Orf.cSef:xSif;pSif: vkdof:Nifbof./ eif, ulef:pof:ymefrldof;vAof tgefuef xmif,b[, pefvD ulef:qmof:cldof: qldof:tefuwf.cSef, pwf:pmef pkarjaO vldof:Nifbl, e[:vkrf;zeh ulef:e[:vkrf;zymefrldof;eef.auj; Orf.tgefuef xmif,b[,pefvD ulef:qmof:cldof: Oj,uD,omif,cofbof./ bgef.eefsv; vgif;Tzj:yAefqof; vkdof:Nifeh. tdifeldof erf.uwf. Okef,wlofaO vkdof:Nifulnf:trf,uj: tdifeldof ayj;sr; qmof:cl dof: qldof:eef.aOauj; wkdef:vkdof:Nifbof./

vldofaO eif,oj;rj:bof. OD,yldifqldof:eef.uyf:umh,vlnf; vgif;rmuf;rD:auj; Tzj:tvgif:wkdef:trf,vh; ej;vAuf.wjehg. e[:su;umifyldef;? ikdef: eif,ikdef:? crf: eif,crf:? OSifeif,OSif wkdef:rD: ukrf,xlef;vDbl, ul;Orf,OSefyldifbof./ ayj:xgrf,wlnf: vgif;pmif;apjwD;bl, wmef:Oof:auj; wj,bl,Oof: cmof:uwf:rD:vifekdif;? wj,bl,Oof: cmof:rh; vifekdif;sv;wj,bl,Oof: cmof:zlef vifekdif; ehbof./zoeif,eefeef. ayj:Ogef,wSuf; qldof:tef vh;bl,Oof: e[:Okrf.tgyf:Okrf.tSyf:tgef, tefzlefNof; vlrf:xgif:eef.aw. vh;oj; yl dif;uefsw."oj;"bof./ vldofaOeef.cldif;cD, e[:umyf;eef. ymefeef. tefyAefqmif. yAefr? avj.rqldof:eef.auj; rD:ukrf,xlef;vD"bof./ vgif;trf,ugwf:pAef; uSef:zmefaO rmuf;rD:eef. zmh,yj,vd oj; ]t%f̂ j}? vgif;rD:ikdef:erf crf:vldif,eef. oj; ]rpWfXe}?vgif;rD: cldif;q[. wmif:wkdof: ukrf,xlef;vDeef.oj; ]rpjaZjUj} ehbof./

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2015-11-07

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r[, 15 crf; rdlif:yAof:

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uj;wD;e[:O>bkwfwyjVdqof;eef. rldof;ulyf:udefvldefeef. uj,xj,Nofekdif; tef Tzj:yAefqof; apj:vmwf;eef.qrf.~ ]]wxjUw>tIpefw>? qefwdrj OIE> Uawj/ IjpkqefW> yr knfqOfOk ? Y kWfXj avjuj

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wD;e[:vduf;vmh: rD:qldif.ehoh.bof.? ulnf:uj;umyf;ymefrldof;vAofeh. ayj:tofvguf:vmh: ymh:Omh;cofoj;ayj:ehqkdif vldefeh. rl dof;v[oef:v[ulyf:awudefvldefeh rD:vmh:eyf.vmh:wGmuf;ref:bl,bof./ yAefwD; tefvDrmhvDwgif:bl,? ayj:rj:wlnf: zmh,ymh:Omh;eh.ehqkdif vldefeh.auj; sv,ymwf;bl,eldofumifpmofeef.bof./ tefyAefuBLof,wmif,vkuf;wmif,tefcofehauj; sv,yef,bl,eldofumifpmofvlifeh.bof./ rmifyguf; rmifv[Orf.vkuf.wD;yef,vAyf;urf,zj,vlifeh.aO uBLof,wmif,tef ugj,vyf.nj:uefehauj; yAefugj,oj; ulyf:udefvldefeef.auj; yAefvh;bl,bof./ bmrf:vAoftefrj:e[:vduf;vmh: qldif.eif,YkWfXqof;oj;eef.sv; wif:ymh:Omh; qldif.eif,ehauj; rD:bl,tefoj;eef. P;vh;rmhwgif:oh.aOurf:/ rmifyguf;eh. wD;e[:ymh:Omh;oj;rj:sv; wif:e[:zkdefvduf;vmh:qmof:ykwf.oj;rj:qldof:eef. ref:rD:vgif;ySuf,yldif;uefoh.bl,? vgif;ySuf,yldif;uefqldif.eheh. tefv[rmef,rSef;ehauj; P;zl;vAyf;pAef: zl;Olifvduf;vmh:pof:cof arjtofrmhwgif:oh.aOurf:/vgif;wmif:erf.ck def;

wD;eh; awrj:vmwf;seyldifwSuf;ref:tefekdif;? awvh;pefykuf;ulof, qldof:tefvAyf;

pAef:vgif;ymh:Omh;eef.bof./ ygwf:wgef;Oefvghtefuherf.ymif,vmh,eef. vgif;oj;erf.ckdef;tefoj;eef. awtrf,pkvD/ ykuf.ulof,qldof:qrfymif,vmh,eef.sw. vgif;erf.ckdef;tldof; tefoj;eef. awpkbl,/ erf.eh.Orf. ckdef;cmof:v[vj,ehqkdif sw,tofvldefr[,OgifOmrfcrf; awj,xkdifvldefrlef: erf.eh. yAefcmof:ref:ckdef;ehbof./ugyf;Oifsv;erf.ckdef;vj,eh zmh,ymh:Omh;cofsw.oj; ugyf;yldof;pSif:vldefqefsv; ckdef;oj;ehbof./ugyf;vgif;pSif:qefvldefeef.sv; erf.ymif,vmh,eh. qif,ckdef;rj:tldof;eh tgefuefvmwf;oj;eif,ehbof./

rldof;yguf;ekdif; pof:vh;xlyf:nj:ulef:eguf;rldif:cofaO tkyf;tlof:uefvgif;eh.tdwf:ekdif;bl,bof./ e[:zkdefvduf;vmh:YkWfXqof;sv;zmh,ymh:Omh;cofoj;eef.sw. rD:vgif;ySuf,yldif;uefoh.bof./ zmh,ymh:Omh;cofoj; ugyf;vgif;pSif:vldefqefsv; erf.qif,ckdef;oj;eh/ ulnf:uj; uyf:umh,vlnf;vldefeef. rldefuefaOw wD;e[:zkdefvduf;vmh:qmof:ykwf.pof:eef.sw.vmwf;oj; ayj:yAefwgef;vldefr[, awj,xkdifvldefrlef:eef.ehqkdifOmhvSif:vldefpSif:vDej,? wD;e[:erf.ymif,vmh,eef.auj; rD:rmuf,pdefvlif? tefyAefrmuf,pdefvlifqldof:eef. urf;zgif;Orf. ayj:oj;cofxlyf:nj:OmhvSif:vldefeef.eh tguf,erf.rj:ehbof./tefeef.Mif.oj; rmuf,pdef]]qefWIuefw}}ehaO rmuf,pdefeef. ayj:xlyf:nj:uef wif:OmhvSif:vldefeh ukdif.umif.tguf,erf.rj:ehbl,bof./(e[:eef. rl defeif,rD:rmuf,pdef ]]qefWIuefw}} eif,eefeef. rmuf,pdef]]OlIdbuefw}}auj;rD:ehboff./ rmuf,pdefeef.Orf.

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 14ayj:xlyf:nj:OmhvSwf,ehqkdif yAefrmuf,pdefrAof:tefukdif.umif.tguf,zh:eef.ehbof.)/

vghrmuf,pdefvlif tefrD:e[:erf.ymif,vmh,urf;zgif; qldof:teferf.qkdrf:cof;rD:e[:ref:eef. ayj:vh;OmhvSif:vldefeh ckdef:tguf,erf.rj:bof./ eh. Okdyf,aOc[;vmwf;seoj; yAefpSif:vldefqefeh qldif.eif,ymh:Omh;oj;eef./ wD;eh;zl;wSrf;vduf;auj; olef.ch;q[sw."/ vgif;oj;pSif:vldefqefsv; erf.ckdef;tefoj;eh. ayj:ref:qefvh; e[:erf.ymif,vmh,eef.auj; tefyAefsr;erf.Mif;tgef,qldof:eef.auj; xmif,awqefvh;tdwf:"bl,blof.? erf. tefO[,oh.e[:ykif:? e[:uguf:v[qldof:eef.auj; wmef,qefvh;bl,blof.aej;/ wD;ygif,wD;eh;sw. c[;oj;rmuf,pdefqefWIuefw tefxlyf:nj:uef wif:OmhvSif:vldefaO tguf,erf.rj:eef. sc:awOmif,xkuf, wluf:vguf:Ozj,ovldoftdwf:ekdif;eh c[;vmwf;seeif,ehbof./

qldof:eh. vDolef.ch;q[qgrf: tuRif:tuBLof:vD"aO tefv[rSef;tefv[ qrfyAefehauj;P;arjtofaO yAefwD;rmhwgif:? bmrf:vAof uyf:umh,vlnf;vgif;ulyf:udefvldefeh. TOj,ay,wmif,cofzmh,arjeyf.cof eyf.wGmuf;oh. awyAefvldefv[oef:v[ehauj; Orf.ayj:eyf.wGmuf;oh.bof.?Ozj,o tefyef,sv,bl, eldofumifpmof uBLof,wj,Ij,cof ugj,oh:uj;pkdof ugj,xldif:uj;pkdofehauj; Orf.ayj:eyf.vh;aO yAefvgif;vDrmhwgif:oh.tefekdif;/Orf.xSif; wD;e[:zkdefvduf;vmh:eef.auj;oj;bmrf:rldof; ckefzDvlifIj,pktOl,Idef,sv; wif:vldef ugj,Okrf,Nyf.xlyf:nj:uefehauj; yAefvgif;wmif:ulyf:udefvldef tefekdif;eif,uof,eh ukdif,vDrmhwgif:oh.eif,eefbof./

bmrf:zgif: rldof;vkuf;qmh:qof; uldwf,pefej;rj:eef. olef.oj; P;umifq[ref:wArfxlef;vDrldefeif,vkuf;vldefrlef:eef. ehaOwauj;qldif.eif,tefoj;rldof;uh;eef. vh;cmrf,wif:tefyAefIj,pktOlIdef,rj:buof:aO e[:q[ref:qof; vh;cmrf,b[,vlifsw."bof./ ugyf;yldof;eef]]Ijpk Qjawj}} Ij,pkayj,rj:bof.eh? Okdyf,aOayj:awOyf:vSif:sexSif;qkdif ]]YefXe>Qjw>}}eh uofwSyf:wwf:OAef;q[oj; awtguf,xldef,bof.ehulnf: vgif;wgh,Mh;Omhqlduf;rwf.cmwf;ref: ayj,rj:xSif;tefekdif;bof.eh Tzj:vgif:qof;oj; e[:q[ref:eif,ehbl,bof./ rldof;bmrf:eef tefyAefayj;qof; ckefvlif Okwf.axj:weehauj; vgif;oj; vmefref: uldwf,rj:e[:apjbof.eef. q[.ugj,ygif,cmof,xkdif vkuf;qmh:ref:Odwfwwf.xTzj:vgif:qof;bof./ ayj:zl;ygif,cmof,cof ckdef:rj:eh ckefvlifpyf.xmrfoj; vkuf;qmh:uof oj;qldif.pkdofrj:ehbof./ cofrguf,seoj;]]Ijpk Qjawj YefXe> Qjw>}} oj;ehatj;ehsv; ql:tofacj;uGmrf:eef.aO vmefqmh:tgef, ckefvlifeef.auj; qif,wmif,yefqkdof;oj;]]qmh:Ij,pkvj,}} ehbl,bof./

wD;ygif,]]Ij,pkvj,}} tefoj;eh.qrf. ]]Ijpkvjwd uEfpjwDwd Ijpkavj}}ehbof./ ygif,oj;zDIjpktOl,Idef, ngyf:udefvldef vh;wD;ygif,eif,eh ql:tofwD;ygif,eef.aO wmif,yefqkdof;bof./ ulnf:uj; tefTzj:vgif:qof;wSyf:wwf:q[oh.eef.sw. wkdef:trf,vSuf;vmh;ckdef: aOxkdifrj: bmrf:wAif;ckdef:eef. qof;tguf,awj:xmuf;uGj,(qkef.ySwf;qldif.emif:pmif;apj omef;rldif:eef.bof.)/ bmrf:rl dof; Tzj:vgif:qof; q[.

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 15trmwf; qmh:Oef,e vlif:ugj,pmif;roh. qrfawtguf,av;"eef. e[:q[Orf.ckuf:q[vh; c[;pefvkuf;qmh:tgef, tefqif,pjuldwf,eef.sv;cl:arjvlif qof;aej,crf: zgh.qmyf;oh. eif,ehbof./ (ayj:oj;trdif.awj,cmef:q[. trmwf;rgif,Oef,vlif:ug j,pmif;roh.~ wzmef,urf:ekdif; Olnf,evkif:awj,q[crf: idef:yAefc[;vlc[;wlnf: ch:cBLnf:Om hapjOj:awjcav:vkuf;sr:wif:Ogif qof;qif,abj:tofcmofzgifzoj: uRj:zSofvkuf:cmef: ymef:rlo fMrfelofpkdef:auj: wD;tefaz:awj:pAifudof vdofpAwf:aq:bkif: vkef:rkif:vgj:bif qmefOifrl dif:crf: bkdef:bmef:vmef:yh yk dof:OhOkwf:rkif:tkif:rgefwrf:omif: emif:rl dif:qgef:" egef:elrfrif:Oj: yj:ymhOmhacj: vyf:vDazj:azj:zj,rkdof:ygyf.wlrf:Myf,ayvif~ qof;Ij,pkvj,Iwej,Oj:awj,apj,az: vyf:av:i di f,bAefoh.Ogh;Ogh;~ q[qof;vgif:xmef;tgh,Mh;-Olnf,rSwf.vkif:awj, azj,rk def:wkdwf.ck def:uBmrf,tofuh g;- idef:ck duf.cmh:oh.trf,rg h;ug h:ej;/

uBLof:vlef:rl di f:ulef:ql duf;Omof:udo feh.vdo femef:y dwf:sv; wk dwf:emef:bmefsw.aej:J v[auj;qArfrl dof;OSefymefrl dif:yif: wmif:qif:txl: trf,wgef.rD:zl:aOuj;b[:umof q[:yAefNofOmofImif:Olnf: zgj:rlnf:umifwlof ymef:rlo fp Aof:p k def: ck def:eh.ayj;wuf:yhbof.ej;- oj;uj;wjvhrkdef:xldif: wlnf:rldif:bif:uGi f vgrfOifbif:rlof: uBLof:qSif:wmif:ySif: uk def:pSif: oef:vSif:rrD:Oif rj:wSuf;wmef,avBj,- tvgif:Tzj:wuf:rj:wkdwf.wkdwf:qlduf;uBLof:eAof? ref:ck duf.awj,awj,bof./)

qArfrldof;oef:vkuf;qmh:tgef, uldwf,pefej;eef. aej,vgif:qof;tguf,xldef, tguf,bmefpmif;apjugj,/ rldof;ckdef:vh;xlyf:uefeef.Orf.qmh:Ij,pkvj, tj,bkOrf.ayj:rD: (7) clyf,bof./Tzj:vgif:qof; tguf,ugj,uBmif.urfTwj: cmof:wmif:Nuf:yDvkrf:vkrf:? yAefTzj:bof.aO uSef,qof;rldof:apj:Twj:xrf,rquf.uBj, wD;vlifwkdif rldif:yjIj,eOD,? Orf.abj:cdif: rj:rldif:Ij,quBLof,aO?qif,Mwf;zSofrj: rldif:uyf.yD,vowf;bof./ ugyf;eefsv; qof;qmh:tgef,Ij,pkvj, tj,bkOrf.ayj:rD: (7) clyf,bof.tldof;/ wD;eh; cmof:wmif:qAwf:yDvkrf:vkrf:eh. vgif;oj; ayj;ref:qmh:yAefulef:qldif.pkdof ej;vrfej;vSifehauj; bif:yh,bmrf;pefvl:ugef,/ xkdifwD;ymeftj,bkvh;rj:qAwf:clyf,? bmrf:rldof; Tzj:yAefqof; abj:cdif:rj:wD;e[:apjeef. auj.yAefsr;ref:qmh: emif:baOj,xIj, qif,vmwf;seoj; ]]ae;J qof;Ipmef:eh. yAefayj;r[:qmh:tldof;}}eh ]]qArfrldof;oef:tef ayj;r[:qmh: cof;xldef,ugj, tefpof:yldif,oh. arj;tkrfcrf:OD,vkuf;auj; pmhugj,bof./ref:ugj,Olif,oh. wD;v[auj;trf,pk r[:vkuf;qmh:ckdef:ugj,xmrfayj;qmh:aO bgef:toftrlnf,rj:sv;}}eh emif:baOj,xIj, Ogef yefvkuf;qmh:ref: eif,ehbof./

rldof;emif:baOj,xIj, vmwf;se vkuf;qmh:Ij,pkvj, se;eh.yAefayj;r[:qmh:tldof;eheef. c l:arjvdu f ;vli f qof;aej,cr f:qmyf;oh.vif,uj,vduf;vlifeif,ehbof./ (tefyAefbaOj,xIj, rif:OrD:eef.~ cBD:rkef:tmrf:atj: abj:rkefOSifvmof iof:cmofiof:cAofpAifyAofNuf:rBLof: wclof:wkef:vSif: vlwf:aOywSif:u G mi f:wl wjemif:vgrfvlwlnf:bAif:

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 16e[:tefwmif:yAif:vmef:umif idef:rmifyAefurf:wjbrf:yAefymef idef:zmeftldofeldof: idef:Oldof:auj;rD: idef:cDauj:yj: rif:Oj:rgifawjch;q[rl dof;tef Oof:e[:Omrfapjeef:at:OSefaz:olnf:umif: tOmif:zDeldof wgif:zldoftdef:zkif: bmrf:vAofqkdifyg h:wkdof:Okif: tlof:vkif:ywf.w> vdefv>ugrf:igrf: wkif:Ogrf:cof;acBj:cmof- rldof;bmrf:emof uRj:bmif;av,cmrf,-cdif:o Aef:qAef:iAef:zj;b[:umof rAof:Ogif;rldwf,pmrf,eef./

pmef,zeef:r baOj,xIj, yk dwf,aOav,Oj,ywSif:yguf;eef.? rkif;iguf;wlnf:Ol, vmwf;awj,Noftl,Oj:qdwf;- Olnf,edwf;Odif,uD,- uyf.yD,eef:egh,- wgh,oj;ykykIjpkcrf:rgif,- vSifcgif,rgef:rh, ch,OSifvkuf;puf.sr;tldnf... ae;ae; eef.ae;sr;ae;cof;yAefrlnf:zyD,wj, rpjcsr:awj, ch;q[rldof;tefqmrf,ayBj, Olnf,eef:Olif:Ogif,-ayj:wmef,Olnf,wgif,udId- rif:tdaq:qdif,-wj,owdif,ySi f,- zbSif,ckefemwf;- xl:rBmwf;tOaI,- yar,wmef,wk- bckrk do f:cmrf, vrfygwf,OD,ydwf; wvlyldef;tofymhrdwf;rj:OAyf,eAyf:O[,umifsu;- tluf:sr;wuf:wSuf,-q[sr;wuf:cmwf,- ayj:wmef,emrfomwf,wyf:Oh;-zh:rh;e[:ygwf,-wjbgwf,bhbhm; omh;Nnf;eAwf:elnf;yl,zmef, Odwf.wmef,uj,xj,qugj,eIOD,p- xkuf;azj,yBtguf,acj;- acj:xmef;clrfoh.qmrf,umrf, vkef:Okuf.ylOlnf:-xlnf:wrdif:rdif:- emif:ayj.Nofelrf:- qlrf:oh.yAefudif:- rdif:warj:arj:- atj:... vl,ay,zkif,rl dif:eh.OSefOmef:- emef:ylef.umifudrf:- ae;ae;sr;ae; eef.bof.

cof;yAefrgif,zcar:awj, crf:vkuf;qmh:vAuf.Odrfpdrf:- uofbof.sr;oj;qmh:tldnf:/) oj;ehbof./

tefeh. yAefOzj,oulef:avj:ubof./Ozj,oulef:pof:e[:avj:ueh.sw. urf;erfpkc[;vh;clof:cgifeef.bof./ wlnf:vl: umyf;ymefbmrf:vAofeh. cSef:ej,bof.? vkuf;vmif:sv; wif:ayj;sr; pAwf:Oifvj,ayj:eh olef.Ogef, wj,bgef:toftrlnf,clof:cgif wD;ayj;sr;? rmifwD;rmiftgif;eh. ae:oj; ayj;sr;trf,yefzAif, ayj;sr;q[ulwf.ehv[? rmifauj.Orf.xmrfoj; clof:eh.oh.wD;v[txrf,raO bgef:tofv[ qldof:eh.ugef,bof.?vgif;bgef:trlnf,eh. yAefOzj,oulef:avj:ucofeif,ehbof./ emif:baOj,xIj,ehauj;qgrf:eif, Ozj,oulef:e[:avj:ueef. trlnf,clof:cgifqldof:eh. oh.wD;v[eh q[.vkuf;qmh:ref: ugj,bgef:bof./ ugyf;yldof;oj; yAefvkuf;qmh:auj.vAofehsv; clof:cgifqldof:eef. ref:qmh:xkuf,vh;bl,ehbof./ (tldof:~ ulnf:uj; urf;zgif;auj;oj;Tzj:yAefqof;eh. ref:trf,ulnf:uj:vkuf;qmh:auj.vAof? vkuf;qmh:ref:rD: wif:erftldof; ehauj;oj;bl,bof.)/

bmrf:rldof; Ij,pkvj,rj:bgef:trlnf,eef.bgef.yl dof;rD:q[tefpkoj; yAefayj;uofehaOsv; ugj,ql:Tzj:yAefqof;bof./ nj:rldof;zgif:Tzj:yAefqof;Okif:Ogrf: uj;wD;e[:apjbof.aOawckdef:abj:cdif: rldof:ql:uRif:eef.bof./ ayj:oj;Tzj:yAefqof;abj:cdif:rldof:auj; Ij,pkvj,qyf:qgrf:Tzj:yAefqof;ugj,bof.aOoj; ]]Okc awOrE Ojbj}}eh idef:oj; Nrf;qof;pof:eh.uwf:bAefvDsw.ehcj;atj;/ yAefvkuf;tgef,

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 17aOwauj; arjvmwf;uGmrf:qldif.eefbl,bof./vkuf;tgef,umyf;ymefrldof;vAofeh. ekdif;cSef:arjvmwf;bof.aej; rmifauj. vAuf."tgef,ulnf:auj;Orf.ayj:arjvmwf;uGmrf:ulef:vlifbof./ qArfrldof;cofy h,arjvmwf;u Gmr f:eef. tofoh.zmh,ej;(Television) bl,wj,aOsv; vh;pefyldef;pAwf:yldef;vmwf;bl,bof.? vgif;vDtduf,vgif;pmh.qldof:eef. vh;pefvh;idef:rj: rD:e[:Ncofwif:OAif;eef.bof./

qldif.eef qmh:tgef,Ij,pkvj,ehauj; arjvmwf;uGmrf:sw. bmrf:rldof;ref:qmh:tj,bkvh;qAwf:clyf, yAefzgif:ymeftbgh,ref:qmh: arjrD:wmif:pkrj:eef.bof.sv; ayj:ref:oj; ]]Okcaw OrE Ojbj}}ehbof.auj; ckdef:Okdyf,oj;xSif; ]]WjbQfQ> ar OrE aWpd}}eh ygif,oj; P;yeftrlnf,ref:ehbof./ yldifvlifsw.qgrf:eif,sr;ref:Ogefoh.eef. bgef:trlnf,clof:cgifwD;Tzj:yAefqof;eef.bof./ Tzj:yAefqof;auj; bl,wAwf,"bAef" trf,vmwf;Oif tofacj;uGmrf:tefpkoj; yAefayj;uoftldof;oj;ehaOsv; bdyf:qAif,Omif,umef: Tzj:yAefqof;aOqgrf:Tzj:yAefqof; rldof:xkdifwD;uRif:ykef.bof./

bmrf:rldof; rldof:xkdifwD;uRif:bof.eef. Tzj:yAefqof; qif,vmwf;oj;wD; qof;Oj,Idykwf.wIj,]]Oj,Idykwf.wIj,tldnf. Ij,pkvj,rj:bgef:trlnf,ehoj,? avj:uD,trlnf,tefoj;eef.ref:qmif;yefvgif;vldwf,wmif:rh;tldof;}} eh(q[;sw.bof. ayj:vh;clof:cgif yqf.aq:rj:bof.ehqk di f vgif ;wj,awy[.yj:xdif:Odrf:eef. yAefvgif;wkuf.c? ayj:trf,bkrf,ehqmrf:rD:wlnf: Omhacj:crf:vlifapOmrfOAef;?rmuf,wkrf,crf: vlifapOmrfwkrf,? oSefcrf:vlif

apOmrful;ek dif;vl: pjwD;Odrf:Orf.ayj:ch;bmyf,oh.ugef,blof.aej;/ awoh.wD;v[ P;ayj:Nrf,vlrf; ayj:awtofO[,ugj,qgrf:wlof Orf.awykdofugj,yk dofrj: ulofyl def;pef ayj:awoh.wD;Ndef:apugj, Orf.ulofyldef;vuf. trf,wrf:q[vh; uj;cefb[,uj;pk dofauj; rh;q[vldwf,q[qgrf:b[,uj;emef.? rD:erfuj;pkdofauj; rh;q[vldwf,q[qgrf:erfuj;emef.bl,bof./)

ayj:qldif.eef wD;eh;Tzj:yAefqof; qif,oj;pif:qof;Oj,Idykwf.wIj, ]]avj:uD,t rlnf,clof:cgif tefoj;eef. ref:qmif;pAwf:P; q[pof:rh;"vldwf,"qgrf:ulnf:bof./ ugyf;eef eif,pkdofIj,pkvj, Orf.ayj:awrD: vgif;wmif: Olyf:wlofNofq[uwf:bAefvDeef. uofawyef xrf,rtrlnf, clof:cgiftefuofqof;cwf:q[pjrj: e[:cmof:wmif:Nuf:yDvkrf:"eef.bof.? bgef.eefqof;ekif;Omif,umef:yef]]Ij,pkvj,}} aOvl:ehbl,bof./ atj:~vkuf;tgef,rguf;ymefqAwf:clyf,bif:yh,qSuf,pkcD;uh,erf.tgh;vDvD xj,Nofvgrf;yefaO ekif;Omif,umef:ugj,bof.aej/ olef.c[;q[wlnf:vl pAwf:ehckduf:cuf:aO rldof:Mwf;zSofuRif:ref:qmh:auj;oj; eh.yAefayj;uoftldof;eh tdifeldofq[O>,abj:qef,tgef,aO rldof:qgrf:bof./ rldof;bmrf:eefsw. ref:qmh:vh;tkef,wloftkef,q[wD;e[:su;tluf:sr;bof./ bgef.yldof; qlduf;OmhOrf,abj:qef,eef.aO qgrf:ugj,zSofwD;uRif:ykef.zldof,Mwf;wD;eef.bof.auj; ekif;yefOmif,umef:bof./

tofekif;yefOmif,umef:oh. wD;e[:su;umifqof;Ipmef:Oifcj,cofqof;eef.bof./ tofekif;yefOmif,umef:bof.aO Tzj:yAefqof; ygh,

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 18ySwf;oh.uvldif:uqdlif:qldif.eeftrf,q[;/ eldofvkuf;tgef,eh. qof;Omif,tgef,eh. ref:qof;rD:ykef;zgef:b[,erfsw."/ ayj:tofe[:avj:uaOwlnf:ehauj; rD:ykef;zgef:rj:xSif;tefekdif;eef.bof./ wD;eh; awvh;oj; Tzj:yAefqof;pAwf:yef yAeftefykef;zgef:wArfxlef;vDsw."ehbof. eh.yAefvkuf;uofsv; ykef;zgef:rD:eldofuofsv; uofpAwf:yeftldof;eh Tzj:yAefqof;trf,oj;qldif.eef(ayj:yAefulef:e[:avj:usw.awpAwf:qgrf: eldofOrf,abj:qmef,cofbof./)Tzj:yAefqof;eh.sw. ref:qof;trf,rD:Orf,abj:qef,bof.sv; wlnf:tefv[ehauj; ref:yAefykef;zgef: wif:OAif;eef.bl,bof./

vkuf;vmif:tefoj;eh. ekdif;cSef:rD:ykef;zgef:bof./ Ij,pkvj,eh. bmrf:rldof;tj,bkvh;qAwf:clyf,eef. ekif;yefOmif,umef:aO rj:rD:e[:rkdof:Tzj:yAefqof;bof.? Tzj:yAefqof;awvh;Oif,Ogefbof./ trAof:vkuf;tgef,ymefqAwf:clyf,eh. Olyf:cofeef. ch;vmwf;Oifauj; qmif;vmwf;vdwf;vlifugj,bof./ qif,qpjarjvmwf;uGmrf:ulnf:sv; rD:zgef:vDtrf,rD:zgef:vDauj; trf,pkvmwf;vlifugj,wduf:"bof./ uGmrf:tefawtrf,rD:tuBLof:zgef:vDeef. eif,pkdof awtrf,vh;vmwf;rSef;vmwf;zdwf:? vlof,vh;Oif,ygef;Ogefyefbof./ ugyf;yldof; zmwf,bmefsr;aO rj:bl,qgrf:ayj;ref:bof.sv; Tzj:yAefqof; ekdif;cSef:rD:owf;Twj:ykef;zgef:b[,erfvldofsw."bof./

ugyf;yldof;eefsv; ]]IjpkavjojWOkwf;}}ehqif,ayj,yAefrj:/ ayj:cyf.qSef,wlnf: ymefrldof;Ijpkvj,vh;qAwf:clyf,aOsv; apj:eef. rD:Ogif

Okwf;bof./ e[:OgifOkwf;eef. tgefwmif:yAef]]ukrjIynfpj}}bof./ qgrf:eif, acj;uGmrf: wD;wSrf,wD;Okif P;ayj: arjolef.aOvmwf;? eif,pkdofnmef, erf.uwf. ayj:awckdef;b[, ckdwf:qef.eef. q[.pAwf:acj;xmrf acj;wgyf,aO Ogefoh./wj,awpkpef vgif;ymh:eyf.auj;yAef? wj,awarjpAwf: acj;xmrfacj;wgyf,auj;yAef? eif,pkdof ayj:awvSif:q[qgrf: acj;Oif,Ogef xrf,rTwj:eef.ehauj; Tzj:yAefqof; Oif,Ogefyef vkuf;qmh:uSef,qof; qof;Ij,pkvj,oh.bl,bof./

acj;xmrf_wgyf, (10) ykuf;qldof:eef. rj:e[:yj,Vdqof; tefvh;qkdof; ]]ukrjIynfpj}}eef.aO rmhwgif:oh.bl,bof./ bgef.yldof;rmhwgif:oh.eif,eefsv; pof:rkefqof;cofehauj; rD:Okef,vDvh;pkqgrf:/ omh:aOqof;qmh:Ij,pkvj, ekif;rhzj;vldifOmif,umef:bof. vh;pAef:Ogef vguf:vmh:ymh:eyf. sw,tofekdif;eef. ckdef;ugj,qldif.ehbl,bof./ ]]atu> ejr u& }} ekdif;teftefoj;eef. yAeftefv[eh eif,pkdofvkuf;tgefcofawcof;q[imh;eef. tofOazj:Twj:aO Ogefbof./ Ij,pkvj, ]]atu> ejr u&}} ekdif;teftefoj;qrf. yAefOifeh q[.olef.ch;aO xmrfeef.bof./ Ogefyefwif;sw,tofwlofeyf.(1)awj,xkdif (10) cyf.wmrf:uef Ogefyefeif,eef? ]]awg ejr u& }} Ogif teftefoj;qrf.yAefOif̀ Omrfteftefoj;qrf.yAefOif` OD,teftefoj;qrf. yAefOif` urf:vkdef:rj:awj,xkdifOdyf: tefoj;eef.yAefOif̀ oj;ehxkuf;acj;xmrfaO Tzj:yAefqof; Orf.Ogefyefacj;wgyf,ref:bof./

xmrf- atu> ejr u& eh ekdif;tefoj;qrf.yAefOif̀ acj;wgyf,ref:qrf. ]]OYfaY

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 19Owfwj tjpjIXdwduj}}ehbof./ ulef:e[:avj:upof:ul;auj.eh. ul;oef:eldofNof tefildif.so;trf,vh;eef. rD:tefekdif;? eef.qrf.yAeftj,pjI cldif;wmif:udefbof./ Owf.woj,cofe[:avj:uvlifeh. wj,awrD: QDodwtj,bkOmhq[aO bl,Oof:ugj,vh;eef. yldifvlifref: ugyf;yldof;rD:cldif;wmif:udefbof.? ayj:trf,rD:cldif;wmif:udefayj:trf,vh;ykdif;tdiftj,pjIwmif:udefeh trf,bl,Oof:vh;/ ekdif;tef tefoj;qrf. yAefeh.bof./ (ekdif;eh. wmif,tefehauj; rD:xSif;vl:ugef, wjoef:tefoj;ehauj; ek di f;tef?vldefehauj; ekdif;tefbl,eif,uof, ekdif;tefeh.sw. trf,q[;tefeef.)/ ]]atu> ejru&}} ekdif;tef tefoj;qrf. yAeftefv[`]]OYfaY Owfwj tjpjIXdwduj}}eh pof:wif:OAif; tefvh;ykdif;tdifbl, ul;oef:oef:eef.yAef tj,pjIeh.bof.? ekdif;tefyAefeh.bof./ugyf;yldof;vh;pAwf:bl,ul;oef:eef.sv; P;ayj:arjrD:q[ tdrf,tldof, rldof,qmef;rj:eef.sv;Oif/vh;udefyefbl,ul;oef:sv; wkuf.ceef. P;ayj:yAefOwdOif,ao,uTwj:eef. Tzj:yAefqof; tofwgh:uef wif:ymh:eyf.eef.aO Ogefyefbof./

Orf.rj:xSif;Oifehqkdif Ogiftefoj;qrf.yAeftefv[ehbof./ uj;wD;wlofulef: qldof:eef.ayj:rj:olef.wlnf:vD"eh Ogifeh. rD:wif:erf/wjauj; rD:Ogifvkuf;? Nehauj; rD:Ogifzmh,? N:clvifehauj; rD:OgifN:? wdefrkdof:ehauj; rD:ekdif;rAof:Ogifcgefbof./ Ogifeh. vh;oj;rD:wif:erfsw.bof.? ulnf:uj; OgifwD;eh;sw. trf,q[;qldif.eef/ Ogif~tefTzj:yAefqof; Ogefyeftefeh.qrf. ygif,oj; teftrf,rD:zgef:vD

eef. bj,ayrmhwgif:? rmhwgif:tefrD:zgef:vDeef.w oj;ehaObof.? ]]awg ejr u&}}ehOgifteftefoj;eef. yAeftefv[ehqrf.]]ejr÷y>}} uj;wlofulef:pof:wif:OAif;eef. rD:÷yf;sv;emrf, Ogiftefeh.ulnf:tldof;ehbof./atj:~wlnf:vl: qArfrldof;vAuf.vAuf.tgef,qldif.ehP;ayj:zSofrldof: eldofOAef;wmif:Twj:qSwf;rmef,eef. uSef,qof; tofOif,Ogefyefvkuf;qmh:qof; qmh:Ij,pkvj, eif,ehbof./

q[;bof. ekdif;tefeh. yAefOifehpkbof./OgiftefyAefOifehauj;pkbof./ urf:eh. Orf.O[,wlofeyf.ref:xSif; wlofekdif;ayj:eh yAefOmrfbof./ Omrftefeef.Orf. yAeftefv[ ehqkdifTzj:yAefqof; Oif,Ogefyefoh.oj; Ij,pkvj,tldnf:wlofOmrftefoj;eh. trf,q[; wmif,qldof.wmif,yldif/ ref:yAef tefpof:cmrf,qmrf, tj,bkif,Omrfyldifeef.bof./ ayj:xlyf:nj: tefvDeh qmif;auBj,qmif;rlef; qmif;Oldof: eh.yAef Okcao,wej,/ ayj:oj;ugj,xlyf:nj: vgif;trf,vDqkdifqmif;cDqmif;iof trf,rlef; trf,Oldof: eh.yAefwku f.cao,wej,/ rmifyguf;rmifv[ ayj:ugj,xlyf:nj: vgif;cDiofauj; trf,q[;? rlef;Oldof:auj;trf,q[;eef. Orf.yAef twkuf.crOkcao,wej, eh/ ayj:qldif.eef vgif;cmrf,qmrf,eh.rD:OmrfrAof:bof./ wlofeyf.Omrfeh.auj; bldif:ql:vgif;cmrf,qmrf, ao,wej,Omrfyldifeif,ehbof.rmhwgif:wehaO uSef,qof;Oif,Ogefyefoh.eif,ehbof./

Orf.xSif; OD,tefoj;qrf. yAeftefv[eh?bmrf:rldof;tofwlofeyf. wlof:O[,rj:xSif; tefekdif; yAefwlofeyf.OD,eef. ayj:ehqkdif~ OD,eh.sw. wD;e[:Okwf;wef,eef. Tzj:yAef

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 20qof;apj:oh. yAefOwf.qj,Twj: OD,yldifeef.bof./ ygif,oj; Twj:tefrmef,rSef;qkdof;q[;eef.rD:OD,yldif~ wkuf.cap? OrkWbap? edaIjXap?rufuap/ e[:avj:uvlifeh. Twj:tefrmef,rSef;qkdof;q[;sw.eef. yAefOD,rAof:eh.bof.eh uSef,qof;apj:vmwf;se Owf.qj,Twj:OD,yldifxSif;eif,ehbof./ Orf.xSif; pj;tef tefoj;eef.yAeftefv[eh acj;xmrfxSif;tefekdif;qrf.tefulef:wif:vmhcof tofwif:wefpjWd#f$daO wgh,Mh;qyf:ySef:bl,eef. yAeftkyjWjeufcefxj, pj;yldifehbof./ qyf:ySef:wD;eldof ÷yf;?ao,wej,? Onfnj,? OifcjI? odnfnmefehwD;eldofpj;yldifqldof:eh.bof./ eh. cef,xj,pj;yldifauj;oj;? tkyjWjeuf.cef,xj,pj;yldifehauj; oj;bof./ ugyf;eef wlofeyf.pj;eh. uSef,qof;Ogefyefoh. eif,ehbof./

rj:xSif; ]]O ejr u& }}eh Nuf:tefeef.vl: yAeftefv[eh? wD;wlofOlpof:qldof:eh. rD:Nuf:tefbof./ wj,pyf.uyf:Okdyf,toftj,bkif,wmif:eguf;eef. rD:tif,uj,Nuf:yldifbof.?rldefqldif.eif, wj? N? cl;vif? vdef.? wlof? q[tefoj;sv; Nuf:yldifeh. tif:udwf: cofMif.oj;Sense Organs ehbl,bof./ cofqldof:eh.ulnf:bof. uyf:Okdyf,bl, ul;oef: Mif.oj; ]]tQf@wfwd ujbwe}}eh? yAefiof;cmrf,ykdef.tj,bkif,? wD;q[cofayj,yAefrj:Nuf:rAof:? wlofeyf.Nuf:tefeef. yAefqdlof:eh.bof./ ayj:buf.bArf; wlnf:qgrf:vDvDayj:ehqkdif tofsz;wldef: urf,rxmef:Twj: ckdef;ugj,yAefqef.yAefqef. auj;vh;? tefeh. Tzj:yAefqof; vmwf;se Oazj: P;ayj:ukdif,wmef, imrf,rSef; vkuf;tgef,cof wgif:imh; wgif:vh; tofvmh:Oazj:

wlofeyf.aO vmwf;Ogefyef vgif;oj; Nuf:tefeef. vh;pkeif,ehbof./

]]Owfw ejr u& }}eh qAwf:tefeh.Orf. yAeftefv[eh qAwf:tefeh. Tzj:yAefqof; Oif,Ogefyef tefv[vj, ayj:ehqkdif wj,awP;nmef,wmif:pkyAefrj:eef. rD:vgif;wmif:qAwf:yldifehbof./ qAwf:yldifeh. tefqmof:ykwf.pof:wif:OAif; bmrf;pkref: yAefy gwf.qif,qAwf:yj: eef.bof./ aYmQf@mif, tefoj;qrf.vkuf.wD;acj;uGmrf: ]]aYjXd+tifu}} tefoj;eh.aOyAefrj: aYjXd-tefoj;eh. ygif,oj;wmif:pknmef, ehbof./ tifu-qrf. vgif;vh;rj:? ykef;wj, erf.uwf.wmif:pknmef, ayj,rj: wD;wlofeef. vgif;wmif:ref:rD:qAwf:yldifbof./ Owd-vgif;tofOwdckuf:xlyf:? Xrfrodqb-vgif;ynf,nj,pkvD? oDIdb-vgif;cwf:q[? yDwd-vgif;wmif:Nrfqlrf:? yOfOXd-vgif;q[irf:bAef? OrjXd-vgif;q[edrfref;vD? tkyAuf.cj,-tofqgrf:vgif;zAif,yAif:eh ]]OrfaYmQf@mif}} tefoj;sv; ygwf.qif,qAwf:yj:? yAefwlofeyf.qAwf:tef ykwf.xqof; Ogefoh.eif,ehbof./

wD;wlofeyf.qAwf:eef. wlof:xSif;wlofekdif;aO yAefwlofySwf,bof./ ySwf,tefeef.Orf. yAeftefv[eh? ySwf,tefeh. yAefruf;uif,ySwf,yldifehbof./ acj;uGmrf: ]]rufu}}tefoj;eh.ygif,oj; yAefOAef;wmif:? OAef;wmif:ugj,v[vj,yAefOAef;wmif: ugj,edyf.ymef,ehbof./ tefyAef]]rufu}}eh. tofySwf,tefzgwf;oh.sv; qif,oj;ruf;uif,ySwf,yj:ehbl,bof./ ugyf;yldof;eefsv;ruf;uif,ySwf,yldifeh. ayj:erf.uwf.ref: rj:rD:e[:wlofpof:ayj:ehqkdif qmif;arjtgefugj,Mwf;zSof

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 21edyf.ymef,vh;bof./ ayj:awrj:eyf.wlnf:]]rufu}}wlofeyf.eh.qkdif OrfrjWdXfXd-peftefrmef,rSef;? OrfrjOifuyfy-olef. tefrmef,rSef;? Orfrjojqj-vmwf; tefrmef,rSef;?Orfrjurfrefw-pAwf: tefrmef,rSef;? OrfrjtjQDo-vAif.Omhq[ rmef,rSef;? Orfrjojbjr-cwf:q[ tefrmef,rSef;? OrfrjOwd-ckuf:xlyf:tefrmef,rSef;? OrfrjOrfrjXd- edrfref;qgrf: tefrmef,rSef;eh uSef,qof; Ogefoh.eif,ehbof.? ygif,oj; vgif;wmif:wj,awugj,Mwf;xkdifedyf.ymef,eh? wlofeyf. ySwf,eh.auj; uSef,qof;Ogefyefoh.eif,eh vkuf;tgef,cofauj; awyAeftefcof;q[sw. eef.bof./

Orf.xSif; uof;tefeef.qrf. yAeftefv[eh wD;eh; ayj:awpkyf;aO vmwf;se zkif,clif:Owf:woj,cofehqkdif rD:uof;zkif,eef.ulnf:/zkif,clif:Owf.woj,cofeh. rD:uof;rAof: ehbof./tefeef. Mif.oj; ]]OwfwjojO}} ]]Owfw+tjojO}} Owfw-eh. yAefOwf:woj,?tjojO-eh. Orf.yAefzkif,clif: cofbl,eef.bof./ tofqgrf:Ozj,oref:aO qSuf,xwf:uj;wD; (31) zkif,eef.ulnf:eif,uof,? sr:pkyf;aO yAefrj:uof;tefeef.bof./ wlnf:vl:qldif.eif, ulef:tefoj;eh. q[cofqldof:eef.auj;ySuf,yldif;uef? ÷yf;zmifpmif;cofqldof:eef.auj;ySuf,yldif;uefbof./ Orf.rj:xwf:wlnf:xSif; wh:?bmif:? cmif? cBmif:? uvj:? rmef;sw,ugj,qldof:eef.teftrf,rldefuef rD:wif:erf rldefeif, eguf;rldif:auj; rD:wif:erfvl:ugef,bof./ ulef:wif:OAif;qldof:eh. ]]ejewfwujb ejewfwOnfnD}}wlofcef,xj, rD:ul;rAof:rAof:? q[auj;

yAeful;rAof:rAof:/ wlnf:xSif;vl: ulef:pof:cof? zDcof urf;zgif;? Owf:woj,cofurf;zgif;? wdIdOmef,cofqldof:eef. sw,tofeluf. el eh, uh, qgef;qugj, pmif;zmifySuf,yldif;uef umifq[auj; trf,rldefuefsv; zkif,qldof:cofbl,Oof:eef. yAef]]ejewfwujb ejewfw OnfnD}}ehtef edkdif;bof./

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Orf. e[:avj:ueh. rD:oh.Owf:woj, teftrf,rD:vgif;rmhwgif: Onfnj,xSif;ugef,vl:/ ref:tofwmif:vgif;cwf:q[Orj,xdaO zSofugj, eef.sw. yAefzkif, tOnfnOmwf;eef.bof./Orf.xSif; tefyAefemrf,vmh" zkif,qef. t÷y(4) clif:qldof:eef.sv; wif:OAif; Nrf;uefyAefzkif,clif: (9) ydlif? wlofeyf. wlofuof;eef.uSef,qof; tofOif,Ogefoh.eif,ehbof./ e[:zkif,qef.qldof:eef. ayj:awrj:tofurf,r

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 22xmef:aO buf.bArf;wlnf:ehqkdif yAefvgif;tdrf,tldof,rldof,qmifqmef;vlifoh.sw."? tgefuefwAif,tof wlofcefxj,wkuf.cvlifaO yef,omh;zmh;sv,vlifbl, wD;e[:Orf,OIj,eh. Orf.ayj:trf,tmef,qlof;tmef,qmwf;ref:vh;bof.eh Tzj:yAefqof; Oyf:vSif:vmwf;se Oif,Ogefoh.eif,ehbof./

Ij,pkvj, ]]WO ejr u& }}eh Odyf:tefeef.Orf. yAeftefv[eh? yAeftefqof;Ipmef:wj,cofqof; wArfxlef;vlnf;tif,uj,Odyf:ydlifeef.bof./ rSef;sw.bof. Twj:xrf,rrmef,rSef; tefqof;tIp>cof uBmif.urfvlnf; tifuj,Odyf:yldiftefoj;eef.qrf.- ruf;uif,Twj: ySwf,yldifsv; Nrf;wif: ]]Orfrjnjesv; Orfrjodrkwfwd}}Ogiftefeh yAefOdyf:yldifbof./ Orf,rjnj,e tefoj;qrf. nmef, vgif;pktef rmef,rSef;? Orf,rj,odrkwfwdtefoj;eef.qrf. tofcl:vmh:tefrmef,rSef;eef.aO tguf,ylef.vgwf;udav,Oj,wif:OAif;eef.bof./ uyf:umh,vlnf;ymh:pke[:xrf,rTwj:qldof:eef. Tzj:yAefqof;tofvmh:wlofeyf. wif;sw,tofwlofeyf. (1)awj,xkdif wlof (10) eef. pAwf:yAefacj;xmrfacj;wgyf,aO Ogefyefqof;Ij,pkvj, qArfrldof;ymefqlof;qAwf:clyf,eef.bl,bof./

qldif.eef qldof:qmof:ykwf.pof:cof tefrD:vkuf;vmif:vAuf.egh. ayj:c[;P; vkuf;vmif:vAuf.egh.tgef,pof:cof vSwf:vDvkdof:vifvuf:vSrfugj,rldof:ej; ayj:ehqkdif vDbldif;tof vmh:Oif,OgefTzj:yAefqof;Ogefyefbl,sw.bof./ rldof;yguf;ekdif; wlofeyf.acj;xmrf_wgyf,tefuSef,qof;Ogefyefqof;Ij,pkvj,eh. Orf.tofugj,Ogefyefvkuf;tgef, tefsv,bgef:udef bl,qgrf:pdrf:Mrf:

yj,qOmif:cSif:eef. qkdof;ref:Mif.oj; aOjyjuehbof./ vkuf;tgef,auj.eef. Ogefyefeif,eefaO omh:vkdef:rj: Tzj:yAefqof;qif,xmrfwlnf:oj;- ekdif;tefoj;qrf. yAeftefv[? Ogiftefoj;qrf. yAeftefv[ehsw,ugj, bmrf:eefqmh:tgef,aOjyjueef. wgyf,yefvh;vDul;acj;ul;urf: qldif.eif, tefOgefyefoh.wif:OAif;?ref:qmh:auj; tj,bkwkduf.rD:rguf;qAwf:clyf,ulnf:?ql:tofref:pAwf:Omif,yefbof./ qif,oj; rldof;umyf;ymefTzj:yAefqof;eef.sw. tj,bkvh;qAwf:clyf,ulnf:ehauj; uSef,qof;cGmif:yef ekif;Omif,umef: pAwf:qof;Ipmef:bl,bof./ umyf;ymefrldof;vAofeh. ayj:tj,bktrf,wArfekdif;Omof:ehtrf,yAefIpmef:vh; uSef,qof;ylifomif:oh.qdlif.ehbl,bof./ Oj,rae,aOjyjueh.qrf. bgef.yldof;wgyf,vh;acj;xmrfwgyf, tefTzj:yAefqof;Ogefoh.eef.sv; tj,bkymefvh;qAwf:clyf,ulnf:auj;cmrf,yefIpmef:bof./ Ij,pkvj, vkuf;qmh:qof;teftj,bkvh;qAwf:clyf,ulnf:eef.ehauj;uSef,qof;tofekif;Omif,umef:yefaO trf,ygh,vldif:qldif: bl,vguf,bl,vmh? tofTwj:xrf,rqef.Okif tefygif,q[imh;eef.aO Oif,OgefOyf:vSif:vmwf;seyef qldif.eif,tefvh;serj:qldof:eef.bl,bof./

trfYvXfXdu IjpkavjojWOkwf;-Orf.xSif; ]]trfYvXfXdu IjpkavjojW

Okwf;}}oj;ehaO rmhwgif:udkrf:oh.auj;rD:bof./tefeh. ykef;wj,vkuf;tgef, qldof:tj,bkvh;qAwf:clyf,cof P;ayj:qSif;vSif:q[imh;eef. Tzj:yAefqof;apj:oh.Twj:ykuf;ekdif; tefxl:ref:ehauj;oj;bof./ vkuf;tgef,ymefwkduf.vAuf.cofeh.uh.qmif;arjvSefeef.bof./ qldof:eef. ayj:oj;

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 23ayj;sr; trf,arjOif,Ogef xdif:yefehqkdifvkuf;tgef,qldof:eh. qmif;yAef vkuf;tgef,arjvSef awj,ayj:b[,rj;uj;Okifugj,eef.ugef,bof./ qldif.eef vlof,arjOgefyef P;cof ayj:trf,arjvSef eef.bl,bof./

bgef.yldof; rldof;vAuf.tgef,eh. ulofayj;sr;pSrfaOsv;Oif uh.qmif;arjvSefbof./ ayj:uoftrf,vmwf;rmef,eh sc:awvgwf;cgef.blof.ehauj; qmif;rD:bof./ ugyf;yldof;ehsv; eif,pkdofvkuf;tgef, qlof;ymefqAwf:clyf,cof ayj:awtrf,yAefvkuf;tgef,arjvSefeef. Tzj:yAefqof;qif,apj:oh.eh. yAefOkwf;wef, tefuSef,qof;apj:yefqof;Ij,pkvj, awtrf,vh;vSefeheef.bof./ qldof:qmof:ykwf.xzj,Oj, pof:pj:wif:OAif; ayj:vh;tgefuefpkqgrf: qldif.eif,ehauj; vh;oj; yAefTwj:tefrD:uj;cefb[,ej,wj,pof:wif:OAif;sw."eef.bof./

rldof;oef:ekdif; Tzj:yAefqof; qif,Mif.tofqof;Ij,pkvj,aO ]Ij,pkvj, rj:qgrf:uofw}ehaOsv; Mif.ugj,qgrf:ref:qof;bof./ pAwf:eefaO zSofugj,wD;tefOkuf;wdefeef. Tzj:yAefqof; qif,eif;aObof.? wj,awOkuf;wdefeef. uSef,qof; qif,ugef.tof erf.e[:tkrfarj;eef. rj:uguf:ekdif;? ayj:ugef.tofrj:bof.qif,tofxguf,ySwf;ckdif;ekdif;aO xmrfoj;]]Ijpkvj,qgif,peferf.e[:uguf:eh. ukdwf:ckdif;ekdif;ulnf:}}oj;eh ]]atj:wD;cj; pefcj;atj;}}ehbof./ tldof:]]e[:avj:ueh. ulef:arjvSef tefoj;eef.vgif;uBmif.wmif:urfcof trf,wArfxlef;}} ]]rldefqldif.eif, erf.trf,wArfuguf:eh.bof.? ayj:arjvSefehqkdif vgif;uBmif.wmif:wkdof: Twj:qof;uof,wkdef:trf,wArfxlef;vh;}}oj;eif,ehbof./

uSef,qof;tofacj;uGmrf: ukdif,wmef,tef vkuf;tgef,cofygif,q[vh;eef.aO Oyf:vSif: vmwf;sebof./ bmrf:eef. Tzj:yAefqof; qif,ckdef:toferf. tefrD:e[:uguf:eef. xguf,ySwf; OAif;bof./ ]]Ij, pkvj,}}wlnf:vl: erf.e[:uguf:eh.qgif,rD:bof.pkdof}}eh ]]atj; trf,rD:bof. wD;cj;}}tdlof; rldefuefeif,eefbof. ykuf.ulof, qldof:tefcofarjvSefeef.ehauj; trf,rD:vgif uBmif.wmif:urf e[:wlofOif rdlefuefwif:tefcof qkef.ySwf; vgif;uBmif.wmif:urfcofySwf;rlwf: qldif.eif,erf.trf,rD:e[:uguf:eh.bof./ Tzj:yAefqof;tofuguf:eef.ilyf.(cgrf;)aO xmrfoj; ]]Ijpkvj,}}pefbl,p uoftofuguf:erf.eh. ilyf. (cgrf;) oh.eif,eh? ]]pefwD;cj;atj;?}} tldof; qldif.eif,teftofuguf:ilyf.oh.eef.bof. ykuf;ulof, qldof:tefarjySwf.vSefcofeef.ehauj; vgif;uBmif.wmif:urfTwj:cofeef. ydef;yluf:bmwf,wluf:ySwf;rlwf:eif,eefbof./ omh:eef. Tzj:yAefqof; ckdef:tofuguf:eef.wrf: omh,ymuf,ref: ckdef;wmif:eldofaOoj; ]]wlnf:vl: e[:uguf:eh. qgif,rD:Oifpkdof}}eh? ]]atj; trf,rD:Oifcj;}}? tldof;rldefeif, e[:uguf: trf,rD:tD;Oifeef.bof./e[:wlofykuf.ulof, qldof:tefarjySwf.vSefcofeef.ehauj; vgif;uBmif.wmif:urfTwj:xrf,r trf,rD:OifaOtdwf: rldefeefbof./ ugyf;eefsv; vgif;vmwf;ySwf.vmwf;vSefqldof:eh. vgif;vDpkef.vDcloftgef,ulnf:auj; trf,vDvmwf; tySwf;ref:b[,sw.sw.}}ehbof./

tdiftofacj;Oif,Ogef Tzj:yAefqof; qldof:eef.aOxwf:wlnf:vl: wif:umyf;ymefrldof;vAofeh. ref:awugj,ySuf,yldif;uefuj;pkdofeh/ umyf;ymefrldof;vAofeh. rmifwD; cofuh.oj; ayj:trf,yj:

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 24rkOj, vif,uj,trf,vof:ehbof./ eif,pdkof vif,uj,ref:awvof:eef. vh;tofacj;uGmrf: rkOj,aOvmwf;yj:bl,bof./ wlnf:vl: Tzj:yAefqof;Orf. ayj:arjvmwf;vSefeh. uSef,qof;oj; auj.eef. wkdef:trf,rD:wmif:uBmif.urfTwj:bof. ehsv; ulofpof:yAef ulef:arjySwf.arjvSefeef.bof./

wlnf:wD;e[:Okwf;wef,tefekdif; Tzj:yAefqof;apj:oh. e[:xrf,rywoj; ]]atu> Xrfr>twDwOfO rkOjojWdOfO Qefwkaej}}eh vgif;vmwf;rmef,rSef;eef. cmrf;ylef.ugj,aObof.? ykef;wj, auj.tefarj vmwf;uGmrf:rkOj,eef. ]]o dwdEfE yIavj uOfO?ewfxd yjy> tujIdb>}}eh trf,olef.Ogef,wj,zoqmwf;ej; yg h,ySwf;oh.eif,eefaObof.? e[:uj;ykuf.ulof,auj.eh. tukOlof, tefref:trf,pAwf:eef.trf,rD:ehbof./ wD;eh; c[;oj;sw. ykuf.ulof,auj.arjvSefeef. tukOlof, teftrf,pAwf:eef.trf,rD:? ref:awpAwf:OAif;"vmwf;oj;ehbof.? eh. vmwf;tySwf; vgif;vSefeef.bof.? vmwf;oj; ayj:pwf:vmwf;uGmrf:rkOj,ehqkdif tefukdwf:tukOlof,qldof:eef.auj;ref:pwf:pAwf:bof. trf,qkdof;pkdof pAwf:Oifauj;vD ref:awc[;bof. wD;tefvSefeef.ulnf:bof. oj;ehaO wj,awarjvSefeef. ref:trf,euf:q[Oifbof./ ugyf;yldof;qldif.eefsv;Tzj:yAefqof; qif,oj; ]]vkuf;puf.Ijpkvj,tldnfulofrD:wmif:bmrf; arjvSeftldof;ej; bj,ayP;arjvmwf;vSef}}eh uSef,qof;Oif,Ogefoh. qArfrldof;vAuf." P;ayj:wgif:qyf:oh. e[:q[eef.bl,bof./

tefyAef ayj;sr;vkuf;tgef,pof:cof wif:OAif; qldof:eef.ehauj; qgrf:eif,wD;eldof vkuf;

vmif:umifwof; z[ref:eef. P;arjOif,ygef;Ogefyef qldif.eif,ehaOurf:/ awvh;arjOif,Ogefyef qldif.eif,Tzj:yAefqof;oj; bj,ayP;arjvSefehbof.? rmifyguf; Ogefsw. Ogefbj,P;arjvSefehbl,eif,uof, ulnf:Orf. pAwf:yAefvgif;vkuf;tgef,ulof? bgef.ulofsv; vh;vSefrSef;bof.? omh:eef. zldof,cofpkoj; vSefvh;bl,ehOrf.qmif;arj Okdyf,vSefxSif;wduf:"eef.sv;xkdifwD;b[,rj:ehauj; rAof:eef. qmif;arjqyf:bmrf;ugj,auj;rD:bof./ Tzj:yAefqof;qrf. Oif,Ogefyefqof;Ij,pkvj, ]]rkOjojW}} tefoj;eef. wkdef:trf,Ogefvmwf;? eif,pkdofawtrf,vmwf;rSef;eef.ehauj; Oif,Ogefoh.yefbof./pAwf:qldif.eef vgif;wmif:acj;uGmrf: teftrf,rmef,rSef;eef. wkdef:oj;bj,ayvmwf; aOtdwf:? acj;uGmrf: teftrf,rmef,rSef;eef.awj;eif, vgif;vDc[;pkef.cloftgef,eef. ulnf:auj; bj,ayvmwf; c[;oj;ehbof./ Tzj:yAefqof;tofu guf:erf.pAwf:y l difwSuf;ref:aO Ogefyefqof;Ij,pkvj, P;ildif.so;vgif;vmwf;acj;uGmrf:]]rkOjoj W}}bof.ugj,eif,eefaO? uSef,qof;ckdef:tofyldifwSuf; Oif,OgefyefxSif; tefekdif;rldefeif,wD;w[;eh.bl,bof./

ykwf.xqof;oj; ]]Ij,pkvj, qgif,qof; bmrf;pef qmif.vlif tefyldef;q[.wkdof: qgrf:ej;Okduf:}}eh ]]bmrf;pefwD;cj;atj;}} tldof;~ayj:yAefulef:tefb[,rj: e[:pmif;apjsw. awbmrf;pefbl, wyf.qmif.? wyf.r? wyf.Ixj: qldof:eh.sw,ugj,rD:wif:erfbof./ qmif.tefyldef;awq[.wj,ej;Okduf:eef. yldef;zkduf:yefcofbl,wj,aO,tldof;/ cofpAwf:pkdofzkduf:yefvj,ayj:oj;eh

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 25qkdif eif,pkdofqmif.eef.ayj:awcmrf,vh; uef;vh;eef. tofrh.vSrf? Muf,vSrfqldof:eh. wrfO[,wrfO[, P;qmif.eef.ayj:trf,yAefpkdof zkduf:qldif.eeftldof;/ Orf.xSif; tofugifvlifph,aO ugj,wmif:ej;cofehauj; eif,pkdofqmif.qldof:eef. ayj:awtrf,Oef,trf,oh trf,uloftrf,ap trf,c[;vSef;ymh;? P;pwf:pmef? P;rD:vgif;uSef,cSif cmrf,vh;zkduf:yefqldif.eif,eefbof./

Tzj:yAefqof;vmwf;seoj; tldof:~ ]]tefyAefqmif.wkduf:Okduf:qldof:eef. bmrf:rldof;cofzSofugj,ej;Okduf:eh coftofrkdof:Ogifcgef? wdefOgifcgef? pmifcofeef.aOwkduf:ugj,? wdefcofeef.auj;bAyf,? ij:cofeef.auj;wSif:bof./ ulnf:uj;ilif:vlifcofeef.sw.yh,wkdof:ugef,? ayj:oj;qmif.qldof:eef. cofyh,wkdof:ilif:cofeef.ehqkdif ygif,oj;cofyh,qkef.vh; tOmuf;cofoj;ehbof./

urf:vkdef:rj: tldof:~qmif.vlifqldof:eh. ykef;wj,omef;rldif:eef. ayj:oj; cofqkef.tOmuf;cofbof. ayj:ehqkdif trf,oh.Oifbof. coftofwkdof:cof;ygh:wkduf:rlwf:"bof.? awj;eif, wlofvlifcofeef.auj; tofwkdof:cof;ygh:wkduf:bof./ ayj:qldif.eefehqkdif tefref:trf,pAwf:eef. trf,rD:Oifehbof.? rldefuefeif,eef ulef:tefarjvSefeef. tukOlof, tefref:trf,pAwf:eef.trf,rD:ehbof./ Tzj:yAefqof; tof]]trfYvXfXdu IjpkavjojWOkwf;}}eh. Ogefyef qof;Ijpkvj, qArfrldof;tj,bkqof;vh; qAwf:clyf,eef.vgif;P; ayj:ygif,vSif:Oazj:Twj: bj,ayvmwf;acj;uGmrf: ]]rkOjojW}} eef.ehbl,bof./

omh:aOeef. Tzj:yAefqof; Oif,OgefyefxSif; vgif;vmh:ar:wlofar:q[qldof:eh.ugef,bof./

vgif;vguf:vmh:qldof:eh. pof:pj:TOj,wuj, qmof:cldof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,pof:wif:OAif; vDtgefuefbldif;qgrf: wkdof:urfqgrf:vDsw."bof./ vgif;tefTzj:yAefqof; Oif,OgefyefIj,pkvj,xSif;eef.yAeftefv[ayj:ehqkdif uSef,qof;oj;~ ]]Ijpkvj,rmef,]rmef,qrf;}tefoj;eef. wj,pAwf:Oif}}ehbof./ yIdOmwf;sv; zl;yefpSif: vlvduf;pof:cofvl: pkbl,aej;` vgif;oj; ]rmef,qrf;}eh. wj,pAwf:Oifeh/ pksw.awpkbl,pif: z[pif:ref:ul;auj.? ulnf:uj; acj;wgyf,ref:sw. awtrf,rldefuef/ rmef,tefoj;eh. wj,wlnf:buf.eef. yAefyldifvlifp? ayj:wlnf:buf.bof. awvh;pAwf:Oif tefoj;eef. yAefyldifvlif ref:peh/ ayj:wlnf:bof. awvh;pAwf:Oif tefoj;eef. awwluf:xkuf,vldofyldef;bl,bof./

bmrf:eef. qof;Ijpkvj, teftj,bkrD:qAwf:clyf,eef.Orf.wgyf,oj;pkdofvj, ayj:ehqkdif]]rmef,tefoj;eh.qrf. wj,qSwf;wlnf: ej;qof;uof,atj;}}ehbof./ q[;sw.bof. wj,wlnf:buf.vmhulnf:trf,q[;? yAefykef;wj,qSwf;xwf:wlnf: eldofej;qgrf:ej;pof: rD:Oif rD:wkrf,Odofp cD;rSif:rlef:p awvh;pAwf:pkdofbjeh? rldefeif,wj:ODeyf.cj: vkyf;rkef; wj:zgifoh. ref:zAif,trf,zAif,ehqldof:eh. vlof,arjqSwf;xwf:wlnf:qldif.eif,eefbof./ ayj:oj;pof:peftySwf;wmif:zdwf:ref:bof. awpAwf:pkdofrgwf,awpAwf:pkdofbjeh olef.ch;q[vD"aO vkyf;pjvgh:vgh: qif,awrSef;bof./ ayj:trf,Omif,xkuf,ulofrldefqldif.eif,rldof;eef. rD:ulef:auj.ekdif;ej;ref:rD:cD;rSif:rlef: ch;P;cD;rSif:rlef:eef.pmhoj;ehaO xmrfauj.ekdif;bof.auj.ekdif; yldef;

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 26qif,vmwf;seref:oj;? qmif;ugj,bmyf,OiftofcArftgef,cmef, wD;rD:cD;rSif:rlef:eef.tguf,vldwf;rj:tdwf:ekdif;bof.aO tofcD;rmuf,zh:xmwf; tefvefeef. wj:yefauj; pmhbof.oj;eh? ref:auj;bkrf,aO ugj,pAwf:sw.? xmif,oj;awpmh zldofvh;OgifOmrfoef:rj: buf.wlnf:rmef,qkdif vh;pefqgrf:ej;ref:eef. u[;ygif:rj: Orf.ayj:wmef, zkdif;qD;wSefqD;bof.sv; rAof:eef.auj; qmif;yAeftldof; vlof,arjolef.ch;q[vD"aOpAwf: trf,vDbl,rofudefrmifaO ySwf;vmhySwf;vguf, vlof,pAwf:yj:nmef,eef.bof./

atj:~ ulef:pof:e[:avj:ueh. wmif:pAwf:Omif; rD:Omrfyl difbof./ tofq[olef.ch;? tofOlyf:vmwf;? tofwlofpAwf:Omif;qldof:eef.bof./ul;auj.auj.eh. awvh;pAwf:qldif.ehbof./ sw,qArfrldof;umife[qof. rldif:vSif: vkuf.tguf,zj;rj:bof.ehqkdif aw,olef.ch;q[tgefwmif:bof.? ayj:olef.vh;qldif.pkdofauj; qif,rj:vmwf;bof./ ayj:vmwf;ehauj; wlofvkuf.Omif;pAwf:qgrf:vgef."bof./ tefeh. ayj:tofe[:vduf;vmh:oj;qrf. yAefraej:urf,? oqD,urf,? ujburf,ehbof./ tefpof:uBmrf,olef.ch;eef. Mif.oj;raej:urf,? tefvmwf;tguf,rj:wD:Olyf:eef. Mif.oj;oqD,urf,?teftofwdefxkdif rkdof:xkdif bdyf:wkdof:aO pAwf:Omif;eef. Mif.ujburf,ehbof./ e[:uj; wmif:pAwf:Omrfyldif tefolef.c[;q[? tefvmwf;? tofpAwf:Omif;qldof:eef. Tzj:yAefqof;oj; eif,pkdofawtrf,rD:tySwf;wmif:zdwf:eef. wlnf:yefrl defqldif.eif,pof:wlnf:rmef,qrf;eef.ehbof.? olef.ch;q[vD"aO rldefeif, pof:vkyf;rkef;wj:zgif ar:yefej;pof: P;ayj:cSrf.vSyfeef.

awj;eif,eef P;arjar:yef Olyf: wlof Nofq[pof: P;ayj:vDeef.ehbof./

ayj:awrj:vmwf;se vmh:cyf.qSef, ulef:pof:ehqkdif rdlof;pof:vkuf.tguf,zj;rj:umife[qof.eef. wmif:olef.ekdif;tefcof;rj:e[:q[ bl,bof./ rldof;wkduf.olef.bl,eef. olef.vgif;Oif?olef.bof. awvDvmwf;trf,vDvmwf;? awvDpAwf:trf,vDpAwf: rdlof;bmrf:eef e[:tefpof:olef.eef. vlof,ckdef:ar:xwf:wlnf: rldefqldif.eif,pof:wlnf:rmef,qrf;aO pefej;pof:eef.bof./ ulef:pof:e[:avj:ueh. olef.bof.aOqif,vmwf;? vmwf;bof.aO qif,pAwf:vgef."bof./ ayj:olef. vmwf; pAwf:bof.bof;ehOrf.vlofckdef:ar:xwf:qgrf: qldif.eif,pof:wlnf:rmef,? wlnf:rmef,eh. wlnf:vmh"ulnf:trf,q[;? ref:yAefykef;wj, olef. ch; ar:xwf:yef wD;blyf;bgrf:pof:eef.bof./

ugyf;y l do f;eefsv; olef.ch;q[bof.aOtefpof:awvmwf;eef. ch;q[olef.xwf:wlnf:vD"qArfrldof;yh,vmwf;/ wD;e[:wmif:olef.qof;uof,eef. ref:awwkrf.wldof.wgef;wj,uofp? ref:awwkrf.wldof.ydlef;wmif,auj.bl,p? ref:awwkrf.wldof.wif:Ogifzmh,p? trf,eef ref:yAeftukOlof,aO qmif;yAefvgif;wkuf.ccmefq[peh vlof,olef.ch;q[ xwf:Omif;yefvD"bl,bof./ ayj:oj;pof:xwf:Omif;wlnf:qldif.eefqdkif qmif;vh;rj:acj;wgyf,ref:Ogiftef? vgif;wmif:oleff.trf,vDeef.qkdif yldef;wmif,auj.auj;qmif;wkrf.wldof.? wD;qof;uof,auj;qmif;wkrf.wldof.?qmif;wkrf.wldof.wif:Ogifzmh, Orf.yAeftukOlof,qmif;tofwkuf.ccmefq[eh eh.yAefacj;wgyf,

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 27ref:tefekdif;/ tldof:~ acj;wgyf,xSif;tefekdif;sw. yldef;wmif,auj.auj;trf,wkrf.wldof.? wlofqof;uof,auj;trf,wkrf.wldof.? wj,awwkuf.ccmefq[ tukOlof,rAof:eef.auj;trf,q[;eh vh;acj;wgyf,eif,ehbof./

ayj:pof:rj:wlnf: acj;wgyf,Ogiftefeh.ehqkdif Tzj:yAefqof;oj; rldof;zgif;qof;uof,olef.aO ckdef:ar:xwf:Omif;eef. ayj:olef.auj;ref:awvh;acj;wgyf,rj:urf:vAofbof./ wD;e[:acj;wgyf,ref:eef. ayj:pkoj; ref:awtrf,rD:zgef:vDykef;wj,uof? ykef;wj,yldef;auj; awtrf,rD:zgef:vD? ref:yAeftukOlof, rD:tySwf;tldof; ayj:oj;ehqkdif bj,ay,Okdyf,olef.ref:bof./ugyf;yAeftukOlof,sv; udkwf:ySwf;wmif:olef.eef.urf:vAofwehbof./ uyf:umh,vlnf; vgif;vmwf;eef.ehauj; awvh;pAwf:qldif.eif,ehbof./tefuofawvmwf;eh. rD:zgef:vDp? trf,rD:zgef:vDp? yAefukOlof,p tukOlof,peh qArfrldof;yh,wef:vmwf;eef. ckdef:ar:xwf:Omiftofacj;wgyf,ref:tguf,rj:aObof.? tefuofawvmwf;eh. ayj:acj;wgyf,oj; yAeftukOlof,rD:tySwf;eh uofawtrf,vmwf;bof.? Oifoj; vh;vmwf;rSef;tdwf:tgwf:ehauj; uofawtrf,Okdyf,vmwf;bof.? Oifoj;vh;vmwf;rSef;ugj, wrf;wD;ykuf;ulof, tefxlduf;eyf.brfeef.aOauj."qkdif rldof:ej;rj: cj;awtrf,vmwf;zdwf:qldif.ehxSif;cj; bkdefpyf.tofwmif:zdwf:qldif.eefbof./ tefbkdefpyf.tofwmif:zdwf:qldif.eheh.tif:udwf:cofoj; Confession ehbof./ vgif;oj;pof:vmwf;zdwf:ugj,bof.aO ckdef:bgrf:egrf:bkdefpyf.tofwmif:zdwf: qof;uof,qldif.eheef.rSef;qgrf:Tzj:yAefqof;Oif,Ogefoh.bl,bof./

qldif.eif, tefwmrfwlofpof: pAwf:Omif;eef.auj; eif,ehbof./ tefpof:pAwf:eef.q[;umefvDp? trf,q[;umefvDpeh bmrf:zgif:awpAwf: wkduf.pAwf:bl,eef. vDolef.xwf:Omifwlnf:vD"bof./ ayj:pof:xwf:Omifwlnf:qldif.eefauj; vgif;oj; acj;wgyf,ref:yAefpkdofehauj;tguf,rj:urf:vAofbl,bof./ tefqof;uof,awpAwf:eef. Oifoj; awyAeftukOlof,b[,vliftldof;ehqkdif ayj:yh,wef:vh;pAwf: bj,aypAwf:vj;? ayj:wkduf.pAwf:bl,eh ukdwf:bkdwf:ySwf;urf:vAof? ayj:vh;pAwf:zdwf:rSef;ugj,bof.ehauj; qldif.eif,rldof;uh;eef. vlof,arjbkdefpyf.tofwmif:zdwf:bof./uofvh;pAwf:zdwf:ugj,bof.? rldof:ej;rj: eif,pkdofawtrf,zdwf:eef. awxdif:y[.yj:ugj,eh yefuwdeif,eefbof./ wrf;wD;ayj;sr;eef.sv;Oif? wrf;wD;TOj,Orf:rj:eef.sv;Oif?wrf;wD;aOauj.auj.qldof:eef.sv;Oif ayj:pAwf:zdwf:bof.eh vgif;oj;ugj,bgef:bdkefpyf.tofwmif:zdwf:tefoj;eef. ref:yAefvgif;rmhoh.rldof:ej;rj: P:ildif.so;vh;eheef.bof./ zj,Oj,wmif,qldof:ehauj; ayj:oj;cofpAwf:vgif;trf,qdkof;trf,q[; qgrf:eif,acj;Oif,Ogef zj,Oj,Twj:cofrD:eef.ehqkdif cofqif,ugj,wD;uRif:Tzj:cofeef.aO cofpAwf: (Confession) bkdefpyf.tofwmif:zdwf: qldif.eefauj;rD:wif:erfbl,bof./

y kwf.xzj,Oj,po f:ehauj; tefTOj,Oif,cj,qof;cof vof;vmwf;aw,Oej,uefeef.auj; ygif,oj;pAwf:(Confession)ehbl,bof./tefvh;pAwf:rSef;ugj,eef. qgif,pefrD:wmif:zdwf:cj;pkdof? pefrD:atj;? tefyAeftySwf;eef. vgif;awtrf,pAwf:xSif;eef. rldof:ej;rj:qgif,awildif.so;pkdof? atj; awildif.so;bl,eh

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 28yefywdndef, acj;bkdefpyf.qldif.eefbof./tefvof;vmwf;aw,Oej,uef tefoj;eh.ygif,oj; e[:umifq[rD:qldif.pkdofehauj; zknf,imuf;ymuf;se P;ayj:Omif:vmif:e[:q[eef.bof./ayj:trf,q[;qldif.eef ulef:pof:eh. ayj:vh;pAwf:rSef;teftrf,xkuf,eef.aObof.? atj:~uofvh;pAwf:rSef;qldif.eef qldif.ehugj,bof.ehawolef.aO euf:q[euf:acj:oh.bl,? ayj:oj;vh;ugj,bkdefpyf.tofwmif:zdwf:bof.ehauj; qif,awrofq[rofacj:ugj,bof./ ugyf;yldof; ref:yAefOazj:qldif.ehsv; Tzj:yAefqof;qif,oj; tefuyf:umh,vlnf; tefqof;uof,pAwf:Omif;bof.qldof:eef. P;arjpefacj;wgyf,ref:vD"aO? ayj:yAefrAof:tefyAeftukOlof, rD:wmif:zdwf:ehqkdifvlof,arjbkdefpyf.tofaO ]]rldof:ej;rj: awtrf,pAwf:xSif;bof.}}eh yefacj;uGmrf:ywdndef,qldif.ehaObof./ Oifoj;qof;uof,pAwf:Omif;rSef;wmif:pAwf:tefvD trf,rD:wmif:zdwf:ehauj; P;arjpmef.q[Nrfqlrf:qgrf:tefvDeef.aOumeftefvDeef. P;arjOkdyf,pAwf:Omif;qgrf:ugj,xSif;aOurf: ch;oj;ehbof./

vkuf;qmh:aej,vgif;qof; qmh:Ijpkvj,eef.Tzj:yAefqof; tof ]]trfYvXfXdu IjpkavjojW}}e[:Okwf;wef,eef. Oif,Ogefyefoh.eif,ehbof./ umyf;ymefrl dof;vAofeh.ehauj;vDtofyAefwlofbmif, yldifwSuf;qldif.eif,ehaOeif,pkdofzocof ayj:awrD:uj;rD:cefeef.vDcwf:q[Ogefyefvkuf;tgef,pof:cof P;arjwkdof:urftofqgrf:bl,aw."bof./ xkuf,vDrhmwgif:tof qldif.eif,Tzj:yAefqof;apj:rj: Twj:tefref:qof;seqgrf:yldifwSuf; ulef:trf,bl,vDOmrfauj.eef.bl,bof./ rD:ulef:trf,bl,vDOmrfauj.

ehoj,~ auj.ekdif;eh. bjwmef,pkdofauj;trf,vh;wkdef:awwmhbof./ xSif;auj.Ogifeh.~ bjbjtrf,bjbjauj; awpmhugj,pif:ref:ehbof./ rj:xSif;auj.Omrfeh.Orf.~ ayj:bjqif,awpmh ayj:trf,bjOrf.qmif;wmhehbof./ e[:cofOmrfauj.eef. ayj:bjqif,qmif;pmh ayj:trf,bjqmif;wmheh rD:auj.eh.ulnf:bof. vlofcwf:q[aObjyef?tefukdwf:ulef:yAefqldof:eef.sw.trf,vlof,bof./olef.ch;q[wlnf:vD"vl: auj.ekdif;sw. bj,wmef,pkdofauj;wmhbof.? auj.ekdif;Orf. bjbjtrf,bjbjwuf:pmhbl,bof./ tefvlof,eef. rD:auj.v[vj,ehqkdif ayj:trf,bjqmif;wmh ayj:bjqif,pmhrD:eh.ulnf:bof./

rldefuefeif,eefbof. ykuf.ulof,urf;zgif;cofqldof:eef. ayj:vh;xgrf,idef: Twj:ugef,?qif,awrD:wmif:pknmef,? ykuf;ulof,rAof:eef.qrf. vDOif,Ogefyefatj:oj,wcofbof./ ykuf;ulof,urf;zgif;qldof:eef.Orf. yefatj:oj,wOif,Ogefauj;vD trf,vh;yefatj:oj,wauj;vDqArfrldof;uldwf,rj:eef. qldof.zef:ywdOef,ax,ref:wkdef:vDsv; vuf:vSrfOSrf:uj;rj:qldif.eefauj;rD:ugef,bof./ vkuf;tgef,rAof:eef. vDbgif;abj:sw."bof./ tldof:~ ykuf;ulof,cofurf;zgif;qldof:eef.Orf. Oif,Ogefwmef,pkdofehauj;trf,vh;? wkdef:yAefrj:uyf:Oef,ax,ref:eif,uof,bof.? uGmrf:pof:rD:oh.bl,trf,pkdofvj, ]]Oef,ax,uldwf,yj:rj: Oduf:uBj:bjtrf,vh;}} eheef.ej,/ rAof:eef.sw. ayj;sr;oj;wmif:wluf: Orf.ugj,rluf:wmif:tguf,? oj;wmif:Mif, Orf.ugj,ygif,wmif:qmef:eh yAefvkuf;tgef,oj;bmyf,wgyf,ymuf,vlifqldif.eefbof./ ayj:qldif.eefsw. xgrf,idef:atj:oj,w acj;Oif,OgefTzj:yAefqof;auj;

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 29awj;awtrf,vh;eif,uof,? ayj:yAefqtef bjaOsv;cSef:pmh xgrf,tofacj;Oif,OgefTwj:aOsv; vuf:vSrfOSrf:uj;rj:eef. vDarjbldif;aO ckdef:tofOif,ygef;Ogefyefvkuf;tgef,pof:cofugj,rldof:ej;eef.sw."bof./

rldof;zgif:qof;qmh:Ijpkvj, tj,bkwkduf.vh;qAwf:clyf,eef.sw. Tzj:yAefqof; tofTwj:Okwf;wef,qldof:eh. Oyf:vSif:apj:vmwf; Oif,Ogefyefrj:bof./ ugyf;yldof;eefsv;yIdwfOmwf;xgrf,Twj:zl;ulef:vDpof:cof? zl;puf.vduf;vmh:pof:cofwif:OAif;/ zoIj,pkvj, sv; acj;Oif,OgefYkWfXqof;eh. yAefvgif;tefvDrmhvDwgif:sw."? ayj:tj,bkref:qof; Mwf;xkdifrj:ymefOdyf:ySwf,eef. awtoftefv[Oif,Ogef,xSif;? urf:vkdef: awj,ayj:xkdifoef: qof;yAefIpmef:wj,eef. uSef,qof;awtofvmh:uBmif.urf umefvDodyOfOej,qldif.pkdofaOOif,Ogefugj,xSif;eh cSef:awj;zl;puf.vduf:vmh:pof:cof y[.Okdyf,vlzwf:ugj,xSif;wgef;(2)aOurf:atj;/ wgef;(1)eh. bgef:bif.bkdwf:ukdwf:vkdof;wD;eh;aOugef,/ zl;puf.vduf;vmh:sv; zl;vAyf;pAef:pof:cofwif:OAif; Twj:tefTzj:yAefqof;tofapj:vmwf;Oif,Ogefyefqof;Ijpkvj, rldof;tj,bkqAwf:clyf, tefvh;Oyf:vSif:serj: e[:wgef;ekdif;eh.aO vh;vAyf;pAef:N.pefuGj,eh.cSef:awj; tgefueftofwkdof:urfpAwf:Omif;uGj,qgrf:z[ref:aObof. P;rD:vgif;wlofq[uwf:bAefyAefvDOldof:Oj, ul;auj. aOurf:vlnf;atj;/

ukif,sr;-----

zgif:tefsr; yj:wgif.trf,ygif.vj, vgif;zdwf:ukrf:q[wdwf: vgif;vkuf;sr:Okuf;yef q[vlef:P;vkuf;yAef ulef:vDul;oef:yD rlef.sr:vgif;az: P;umif:bmefcmefq[ej, ehauj;sr;awj;trf, ygif.cmif:omif:wef:oh. wj,aO,sr:aw,yef zoP;uBj.wgef:aOcof uGj,xSif;/ /

qof;tIdb(ukif:Oj,? oAif:vj;OAof;)qlof;cmof:- wj;ukif;

qof;cl:arjvlifxrf,rOj,rdeh. e[:rdlif:wh:ulnf:trf,uj: rdlif:rmef; rdlif:wh: rdlif:vif:ujrdlif:tdef:wD:bj: rldif:tif:udwf:qugj, e[:vkrf;zj.ul;wD;wD; teftrf,N.quf:ref:qof; teftrf,bmrf;idef: qdkof;ref:qof; awtrf,rD:?bgef.ydlof;Oif bgef.ydlof;ref:qof; yAefqof;tefqdkof;OAifvdkof:vif e[:zkrf;zj.eh. wlefedkif;eef.bof./ zdOAwf,ref:sw. qdlof:yAefcl:arjsv; zl;rD:qef. e[:qef.qgrfcofsw.N.aOydlef;bof./

bgef.ydlof; ref:qof; tofvmh:ydkefsz;Oj,Oej,cdkwf:umyf;(tD:sr:vf tdef,xldof,eSwf.qugj,)aO ydkefsz;Oj,Oej,ykwf.x e[:vkrf;zj.eh.sv; e[:yD 2009eh. vlifygifqdkif;rdlif:rmef;qif,egyf,bdkef;yefcSyf:qkrf; zmh,auj,Omif;ej;umefOj,Oej, rpj,Owf.xrf,raqj:wduxqbof./

rpj,Owf.xrf,raqj:wduxq tefoj;eh.qof;zl;tefpAwf:P; Oj,Oej,Ndof;vSif: rdlefeif, qgrfydofOj,Oej,ehbof.? bgef.ydlof;yAefqef.xd(1)sv; qif,vh;O[,yj:rpj,ehbof.?ayj:awtofwmif:pefqof;oj;sw. wif:tefej;umefref:qof;pAwf:sv; wif:tefvh;oh.

cSyf:qkrf;eh. yh,udkif,imrf,uefvl:ugef,? ayj:P;ref:udkif,imrf,uefsw. vlof,vh;yAef tzdxqtuf.urpj,Owf.xrf,raqj:wdu qef.OkifOkwf:eef.urf:vAofbof./ yAefpdkofauj;bof. bgef.ydlof;qof;cl:xrf,r pyf.vh;cSyf:qkrf;qdlof:eh.sv; aw,tofyD;egif.qof;ugj, uj;yAefqof;qldof.cdlof:wh:wif:OAif; vh;Nrfqlrf:aO tofukif,rkefaw.aw.oj;oj;bof./

xrf,rOj,rdeh. yAefz[Jxrf,rOj,rdtefoj;eh. ayj:awrj:tof vmh:

Owf.wj,aO qSuf,szsyefqdkif xrf,r ykuf;edkif; Oj,rdykuf;edkif; awvh;pef (2) ykuf;xyf:uefoh.? xrf,reh. ygif,oj;xrf:Twj:qof; Oj,rdeh.ygif,oj; qof;ref:ehbof.? bgef.ydlof;ehsv;ayj:aw tofOgifykuf;eh.qyf:uefaO pAwf:oduBLof, ref:qdkif XrfrOfO+Ojrd= XrfrOjrdawvh;pAwf:qdlof.ehbof./ Ojrd-yAefqof;? XrfrOfO-xrf:Twj:bof.? XrfrOjrd= yAefqof;xrf:Twj:bof./ ayj:awtofvm h:Owf.wj,eh.oj;qdkif z[yAefqof;xrf:Twj:auj; Mif.oj;xrf,rOj,rdehbof./

wD;sw.ref: xrf,rOj,rdtefoj;eh. yAefqdkof;Tzj:yAefqof;urf:vAofbof. (XrfrOfOjrd

xrf,rqof; sv; qof;xrf,r

qof;TOj,ynfnjeefWowf.xmwf;awj,? oAif:vghvSrf

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 31wxjUawj-yj,vdtzdxmef,) Tzj:yAefqof;eh. yAefqof;Twj:bof.? edsu,(edumh:)pj;wD;ydwumwf;Omrfugif? xrf,ruf.cef,xj, ySwf,rdkef,ODpAif xrf:Twj:qdlof:eh. Tzj:yAefqofapj:oh.OAif;OAif;bof.? yAefTwj:Tzj:yAefqof;OAif;OAif;bof./ xrf:Twj:qdlof:eh. vkuf.rj:wD;Tzj:yAefqof; OAif;OAif;bof./ qif,oj; Tzj:yAefqof;eh.yAefqof;Twj: xrf,rOj,rd tefqSwf;ref:bof.(rkcBxrf,Oj,rd) vldofeef.trf,uj: tefyAefqof;Oj,Idykwf.wIj,qugj, qdlof:yAef vkuf;egif.way:Tzj:yAefqof; Ipmef:Oif,cj, cofqof;auj;XrfrOjrdaej+tyqfq>= XrfrOjrd bgef.ydlof;oduBLof,oqewf.x rD:rj:eif,ehsv; vh;Mif.oj; xrf,rOj,rd ehOAif;OAif; eif,uof,bof./(tkyqjXrfrOjrd)

e[:uj; vkuf;egif.way:wif:OAif;qdlof:eh.qof;cl:xrf,pof:auj; cof;yj:wlefedkif;bof.? qof;cl:xrf,r(qof;xrf,rOj,rd)auj; bgef.ydlof;uSef,qof;Ogeftofxrf,r e[:rdlif:eguf;rdlif: awj,ayj:vh;pmyf.qkrf;cl: xrf,rj,qIdbsv; yj,Iul,(wguf,wdlof,)aObof. awj,xdkifrdlof;vAof cdkef:Ogefyefapj:yefxrf,rqof; e[:vkrf;zj.ul;wD;wD;sv; vh;oj; yAefxrf,rOj,rd qof;Twj:yj:edkif;bl,bof./

qof;xrf,r yAefqof;au:ql:ulef:vkrf;zj.OwfXrfrOoe> twdWkvfvZ> eh qgrf:eif,Tzj:yAefqof; apj:oh.eef. e[:uj; vgif;vh;bmyf,vlif(wkif,vz)pj;ydlifeh. wj,awvh;xgrf,vh;idef: xrf:Twj:qof;eh. bmyf,aOydlef;bof./

bgef.ydlof; trf,vh;xgrf,vh;idef: xrf:Twj:qof;sv; Oluofpof:pj: Owf:woj,wif:erf

qif,vh;udkwf:crfbl, e[:Orf,OIj,eh.bof./ ulef:qldof:tefrD:bl, wmif:eguf;Oj,Oej, e[:urf,zj,ul;wD;wD; qdlof:eh.xSif;vl:ugef,/ umyf;ymefrdlof;vAofeh. vgif;bkrf,brfeyf.xdkof zj,Oj,eh.trf,q[;ydlifvlifref:bof.? xrf:Twj:tefrmef,rSef;qdkof;q[;aO cmrf,vh; vgif;tofOmhimhsv;ymh:olef. xwf:Omifwlnf:eef.ulnf:bof. yAefydlifvlifref:/

yAefumyf;ydlef;tgefuef Ogefapj:xrf:Twj:tefrmef,rSef;ref:eef.ulnf:sv; zl;v[z[arjapj:se vmwf;se Oyf:vSif:sevh;auj;ydlef;wdkef:bgrf:pyf.bl,urf:vAofbof./ auj.tefarjapj: arjvmwf; arjOyf:vSif:seauj; e[:Oif,cj,rdlif:Nrf;wkrfeh. yh,ayj:rD:erfuj;pkdof pmuf:rdkof:aO eyf.wlnf:auj;vh;bl,? e[:Oif,cwh:pof:eh. ab;cSef:au,aOydlef;bof./ e[:eh.Orf.yj:oh. qof;cl:xrf,rwlef;edkif;aOtrf,uj:yAefqof;teftgefNoferf:ej; Oif,cwh:pof:urf:vAofbof./ e[:avj:ueh. rAof:rD:uj;rD:ceftefoj;eh. ref:wdkef:trf,rD:erf Tzj:auj;rD:Ol,vAof? umifoef:auj; rD:vkuf;vAof;? vdlefauj;rD:vkuf;vAofulnf:eh.auj; Ozj,obof./ qof;cl:xrf,reh. tefulef:vkrf;zj.cof qldof:teftdkyf:xrf:Twj:qof;aO y[.rkif;rgif:bl,eef. yAefqof;tefxSrfyefvh; Oef,wumifq[cofwArfxlef;bl, tefoj;eef. bkrf,brfoh.bl,bof./qif,oj; qof;cl:xrf,reh. yAefqof;auB:ql:ulef:vlifbl,bof./

xrf,rOj,rd(xrf: sv; ckef)vgif;xrf:Twj:(Oj,Oej,)qof;ref;aq,

az;wdlef: bdkef:bmof: cmof:pdkif sv;vgif;blrf;

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 32bgrf: rgwf,pmh omh:ogwf;ugj,eh. ref:rD:wD;qof;tmrf:emwf; ckefcofyefpSif: trf,yefpSif: bkuf.bgif;trf,bkuf.bgif;eef.urf;erfbof./

ayj:awwlnf:cdkef: Odluf;ydkef:Oj,Oej,Tzj:yAefqof; tefylef.rj:yD;bmof:cmof:pkdifeef.qdkif awvh;pef rdlof;tefckefrD:Twj:cof tkyf.ydlif,eef. Oj,Oej,Ndof;Ndif:aO rdlof;tef ckeftrf,qgrf:Twj:cof tkyf.ydlif,eef. Oj,Oej,pSif:tlef;ugj,aOtrf,uj: rdlefqldif.eif, rdlif:tdef,wdb Orf.ayj:vh;pmhugj,vkrf:vrf:bof./bgef.ydlof;ehsv; qof;rpj,ykwf.xauj:O qif,wSrf;uGmrf:bgef:Ol:oh. e[:yyf.twf.xuxj,ref:qof;? urf;erfeef. vh;pefoj;(bxjIufc &Ok ayjIEj OkIjQjaej waxodr>IjQjIufcefwk Xrfare twfwaejoyQ>yQ>)ehbof./ ygif,oj; P;ckefcof y[.yj:Oj,Oej,sv; avj:u rdlefeif, ckefy[.yj:Oj,Oej,cof ul;yguf;eef.aOurf:ehbof./

qif,oj; xrf,rsv;Oj,rdeh. cofydkif;tdifuefeif,ehsv; P;qof;cl:xrf,rpof: tofwif:xrf,raO tgif,ay.ckefcofwif:OAif; aOurf:ehqif,vh;tofwif: xrf,rywuj,xj,ykuf;edkif;aObgef:Ol:yefbl,bof./

OYfYWje> XrfrWje> Qdejwd?OYfYIw& XrfrIwd Qdejwd?OYfYIaOj XrfrIO> Qdejwd?(OYfYOjr& XrfrOjrd Qdejwd)

* * * * * * *

vkuf;uSof;qof;TOj,OkoI (rmof:crf:)

vj;OAof;20-10-2009

ylef.rj:Omof:ySwf,yDbof.auj; wdkuf.wgif:vh;bl,? rdlof;yD 1982 eef. zl;wSrf;sv;wif:qof;cl:xrf,rOj,rdpof: vh;sw,pAef:vduf;tif:udwf:qgrf:uefrj: oef:vAof wD;wj;ukif;? rdlof;eef.qof;wdkef:rD:erf.q[vD? Orj,xdvD ymh:olef.vDnmef,wgif:vD qArfrdlof;wdkuf.vAuf.? ref:qof;uh.vmwf;sepof:eif,uef uyf:umh,vlnf; vgif;wj,vh;vduf; wgif:vduf; ykef;wj,zl;pAef:vduf;wif:erf tefTOj,cl:Ogefcof ylifOgefyefrj:qdlof:eef. ref:qof;bmrf;vmwf;oj; ]]pof:vlof,vh;uh.zdkuf:wSrf; uh.uh.zdkuf:tmef,yefvlyef P:tguf,OAif}}ehbof./

wif:zl;wSrf;vduf;sv; qof;cl:xrf,rpof:vh;pAef:vduf;qgrf:uefrj: zgif:tdkwf:pAef:cmof:rh;Omrfvdlefeef. zl;wSrf;vduf;Orf. vh;yguf;cdkef:rj:rldif:pof:aObof. tmif;cdkef:ugj,Odkyf,pAef:qgrf:uefxSif;bl,/ ulnf:uj; rD:vgif;cgif;crfvmh"rAof:sv; qif,trf,vh;yAefcdkef:ugj,/ qof;cl:xrf,rpof:sw. vh;Odkyf,cdkef;pAef:xSif; awj,xdkifqef.ySwf,qef.uof;bl,bof.? e[:su;eh. zl;wSrf;vduf; vh;rj:qgh;xSrf ej;umefTOj,Orj:qof;au:ql: wD;uRif:egifrgef vj;OAof; rguf;pj;Nuf:yDsv; xkdifrdlof; 1990 eD;eef. Orf.vh;rj:bl,wD;uRif:rmof:crf: yguf.(6) vj;OAof;eh.bof./ xdkif

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 33rdlof; 1991 eD;eef. qof;cl:xrf,rpof:Orf.cdkef:Odkyf,cmof:wmif: tguf,ugj,pAef:vduf; rdlif:eguf;rdlif:OD,Nof, xSif;bl,bof./

omh:aO ref:qof;tguf,ugj,bof. trf,pdkiftrf,emef: idef:cmof,vDqof;cl:xrf,rpof: bl,wD;rdlif:eguf;aO Mif.tofqof;Oif,cwh: wlefedkif;bof.wlefedkif; tguf,ugj,pAef:vduf;qgrf:ref:qof;Orf.ayj:rD:vmhvmhwlef e[:zl;wSrf;vduf;auj;yAefq[yD,wdNrfqlrf:qgrf;cofqof;sw."? rmifyguf;auj; idef:cghcofqof;oh.bl,bof./ e[:q[eh. vgrfolef.oj; chgauj;ugrf.uj;cghvmhvmhulnf:ehbl,? ydlifedkif;vduf;tif:udwf: tefvh;pAef:qgrf:qof;cl:pof:rdlof;eef.auj; pmhySwf;qgrf:ej;umefugj,rlwf:bof./ xdkifrdlof; yD-1996 eD;eef. Orf.vh;cdkef:xlyf: qof;cl:pof: wD;wj;ukif; rldof;ref:qof; rj:sv,rdlif:pof:eef. vh;tkyf,tlof:uef vgif;OmhimhumefpAef: e[:rdlif:eguf;rdlif:eef.bl,/ ref:qof;oj; ayj:rD:cmof:bmrf:eh P;rj:vAyf;pAef:wlnf:ehbof./ eef.ulnf:trf,uj: qof;cl:rdvdef,wpof:auj; bl,wD;OD,Nof,aO uh.uh.yefvduf;rj:?ayj:umr f,ref: c[;yefauj; bl,wD;qof;cl:rdvdef,w? qof;cl:xrf,rpof:cofaOsv; yefvduf;ymif:(sponsor) cmof:wmif:oh;Tzj: OD,pj;rdlif:eef.aO zl;wSrf;vduf; qif,vh;qgrf:TOj,qof;vlifcofOD,wlef tguf,ugj,oh;Tzj:rdlif:eguf;rdlof;yD 1998-eD; qrfOAif;sv; qrfxdkifyD 1999eD;eef.bof./

cmof:wmif:oh;Tzj: rdlof;Mwf;xdkifrdlof: wD;ymif,Ndof:rdef(airport) rdlif:OD,Nof,eef. vh;pefqof;cl:xrf,rpof: tgefNofOif,c qof;yD;qof;egif. pyf.wgef;TOj,qof;vlifpof:cof yAefOAifwh:ayj:wArfvlifugj, e[:ymif,Ndof:rdefeef.bof.?

rD:pSif:q[ wArfxlef;vDsw."/ omh:aO vkuf;pAef:Oif,cwh: qof;yD;qof;egif. tgefOlif,TOj,qof;vlifpof:cof ugj,oh;Tzj: e[:rd lif:OD,Nof,(SriLanka)bof.? qgrf:eif,aq,wej, qof;cl:xrf,rpof:sv; Nrf;vlnf; qof;yD;qof;egif.cofqof; wdkuf:Olef: P;zl;wSrf;vduf; rj:vAyf;pAef:qgrf: umefpAef:rd lif:eguf; aOOgifOmrfyDeheef.sv;Oif umifq[qof;uof,auj; wdkef:c[;rj:bl, olef.oj; tj,bkb[,au,bof. wj,awvAyf;pAef:eh. trf,imh;imh;ehaOwauj; cgyf;q[xkdifqof;cl:xrf,rpof: qof;yD;qof; egif.pof:cofwif:OAif; tefwkduf:Olef:yefpSif:eef.aOzl;wSrf;vduf; qif,cdkef:yguf;rj:rdlif:pof: qlof;cmof:aO rj:bgef:cGmif.wuj,pof: Nofcdkef;uRif:rmof:crf:wif:OAif;aOsv; Odkyf,cmof:wmif: ugj,vAyf;pAef: umefpAef:rdlif:eguf; qgrf:cofqof;bl,bof./

rj:zSofrldif:OD,Nof,aO Odkyf,umefpAef:auj;vh;xlyf:wmif:bmyf,zdkwf,erfsw." ydlifvlifref:bgef.ydlof; trf,ay.zmh,zj,Oj,tif:udwf:eef.bof./ yduf.Orf.oj; vh;Oif,wuj,pof: rmof:crf:rj:wj,OmrfyDulnf:aOwj. yAefugj,cmof:wmif:Nuf:yDolef.cgyf;q[wmif,au:ql: bgef.ydlof;qof;cl:xrf,rpof: bl,wD;tdif,uvef,aO uh.O[,tD:rAof:rj:bmrf:zgif:rdlof;wlofref:qof; rj:wD;OD,Nof,auj;uh.uh.rguf,vmwf;oj; ]]ayj:bl,rdlif:pof: wj,awvh;cdkef;qef.qgrfeh. ref:trf,imh;cj; qof;TOj,pof:cof Orf.ayj:qmif;rj:zSofwD;eh;bof.? cj;c[;P;qof;TOj,pof:cof vh;qkrf;aOtef" qif,ugh;yguf;rdlof:eh.vDatj;}}oj;ehbof./ zl;wSrf;vduf;auj;uj;eif,pSif:qof;uof,rD:eef. vkuf.wdkef,qdkef,cdkef;aOrif pSif:Orf.ayj:ch;OAif;bl,sw.bof.?

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 34omh:aO pyf.vh;qkrf;yD,at,bof. tmif;yguf;rdlof:cdkef:rdlif:wh:pof: rSef;rdlof;yD 2005 qrfOAif;eef.bgef.ydlof; qof;cl:xrf,rpof: vh;tgeftof Owf.xj:rldif:wluf: rj:oh;Tzj:ykwf.xxbj,aO vh;rj:pef Omhimhauj,Omif; owf.wh:pof: yh,bof.yh,wlof;?ydlifedkif;Orf. yAefwD; (Centre of Buddhist theworld) iof;qdkif;vlif qmof:ykwf.wif:OAif; xkuf,vDrD:owf.wh:pof:aO sepmif;zmifzdif;wh:pof:awj,ulef:e[:vluf;ehsv;? ref:qof; olef.eif,ehaO qif,Mif.tof Oif,cvkuf;pAef:wh: rdlif:OD,Nof, pAwf:ymifukrfaO rguf,vmwf;e[:ymifukrfoj;vlof,qof; tefwj,awugj,qgh;xSrf qof;cl:au,vj,pof:cof auj,Omif,owf.wh:pof: wD;ykwf.xubj, rdlif:tdef:wD:bj:ehsv; zl;wSrf;vduf;sv; Nrf;wif:qof;TOj,eef,awj:zj,O(qgrfOSif)? qof;cl:ynf,nj,OD,Id (Omhygef)? qof;cl:odqdwf. (uRif:vSif)? qof;cl:Oef,wj,xduukefpAif pj;wlefqdlof:eh. vh;wmifwlofOif,cqof;yD;qof;egif.wif:OAif; ugj,qgh;auj,Omif;owf.wh:pof: wD;ykwf.xubj, awj,ayj:bof.wlof; xkdifbgwf;Mwf;ymhbl,bof./

bmrf:eh. wD;ykwf.xubj, rdlif:tdef:wD:bj:eef. bgef.ydlof;uRif:wh:pof:auj; rD:qdlif.ydlef;bof.sv; wh:pof:trf,ayj:vh;ej;vAuf.bof.? uRif:eh. qif,pjOvgifpAwf:ygh:bmwf,erf.bof.ugj, rdlof;yD-2008 eef.aO xdkifrj:yD-2009rdlof;NofyD vdlef(1) vdlef(2)eh. Orf.vh; ydkwf,zknf,ymifTwj:odyOf.Oej, bof.wlof;ugj,Ogifymif?ekdif;ymifv[ (12)oef:/ e[:ymifTwj:eef. zl;seTwj: yAefqof;TOj,Okcrf:sv; qof;yl,rkefxD:?zl;ydef,zj,Oj, wh:awj,tif:udwf:eef. yAefqof;aw,odef,wj,zdyj,v(erf.crf:)? tif:udwf:

awj,pdef,wD,eef. Orf.yAefqof;quf.u(qof;wh:rldif:tj,Orf,) cofqof;qgh;xSrftofykef;zgef:ref:ugj,bl,bof./ ej;umeftefvmwf;rj:yj;edlof wif:OAif;qdlof:eh. bgef.ydlof;au:ql: qof;cl:xrf,rpof: qof;cl:oj:okef:qkrf.pof:rldif:zlif:?qof;TOj,nj,epof: uAif:wkif qdlof:eh.bl,bof./yD;egif.wh:pof:ul;wD;wD;auj; bmrf:eh. ayj:oj;rj:oh;Tzj:ykwf.xuj,bj,eh bj,ayvdkrf:rj:so.uRif:wh:pof:aOurf:eh bgef:vh;bl,wD; e[:ymifbgif;ukif,abj:rkef qof;cl:xrf,rpof:aO Oif,xkdifeif,ehbof./

wD;e[: ykwf.xOkwf; tdwdokwf;eef. apj:oh.oj; ]]twdQjw> tekQjw> ykwfwrdqf!efwd yEf#dwj/ toQjw> e tdqf!efwd Ojb> avjuOfO Xrfrw>}}eh/ wD;ygif,ref:oj; tefyAefayj;ar; rD:nmef, ynf,nj,vuf:vSrfqldof:eef.qrf. cofqof;rkif;rgif: rD:vkuf;Iwej,vD twdqj,w tefwif:N.OD,vOrj,xd ynf,nj, wgef:vdlofcof? tekqj,wvkuf;Iwej,vD tefrD:wif:N. OD,v? Orj,xdnmef,ynf,nj,yAif:cofeef.bof./ tefyAeftoqj,w vkuf;Iwej, tefwmif:N. OD,vOrj,xd nmef,ynf,nj,trf,yAif:cof qef.wSrf,aOcofeef. coftrf,rkif;rgif: coftrf,vlof,/uyf:umh,vlnf; wD;e[:qef.avj:uD,auj;vD qef.e[:avj:ukwf,wIj,auj;vD twdqj,w vkuf;Iwej,vD(vku f;uSo f;)eh. wd kef:rD:wif:N.ynf,nj, qef.nmef,wdlof:wgef: uwf.cSef,vldofayj;sr;sw./ tekqj,wvkuf;Iwej,vDeef.auj; wdkef:rD:wif:N. ynf,nj, qef.nmef, trf,abj;yAif:ayj;sr;bl,bof./ tefyAef toqj,wvkuf;Iwej,eh.sw. tofqArf

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 35wif:N.ynf,nj,qef.nmef, wdkef:wSrf,abj;trf,yAif:ayj;sr; nmrf.wrf,aOayj;sr;eef.bof./ e[:uj;vkuf;Omrfydlifeef. umifq[ayj;sr;sw. ayj:rD:rj:vkuf;uSof; tefwldof:wgef: uwf.cSef,vldofcofsv; tefyAif:cofeef. cofuh.bkuf.bgif;yefpSif:sw.bof./ vgif;uwf.cSef,qdlif.eheh. wD;e[:Oj,Oej,ykwf.xqof;auj; wmrfwlofykwf.xqof; bif:bgif;abj:bof.eh vh;pefe[:ydkef:ref: rD:eif,ehbl,bof./

rdlof;yguf;edkif; ykwf.xqof;eh. ugyf;ydlof; wj,vlof,vh;bkuf.bgif; Owf:woj,teef,w rD:wif:erfsv; ykef;wj,wdkof:urftof ydef,wymwf;xkwmif,eef. trf,yAefvh;wj,aO,? rdlof;eef. ykwf.xqof;sv; vkuf;egif.urf;zgif; ugj,cmof:wmif:? bif:rD:wuj,auj.edkif; rj:zdwf;ymif:ykwf.xqof;sv; wif:vkuf;egif.way: rdlof:Okif:Ogrf:wD;Ndef:eh? ykwf.xqof;auj; pyf.uGmrf:ymif:aO abj:cdif:rdlof:bl,bof./ rdlof;zgif:eif,eefeef. qof;rpj,uwf.Oy wkif:Ogrf:Ndef:edkif;bof.Ndef:edkif; omef;edkif;bof.omef;ekdif; ayj:wuj,vgif:Ogrf:bof. Orf.Olif,bdkef;rAwf.wj,uwf:bAefqgrf:aO Orf.rj:xdkifwD;omef;eef.eif,uof,sv; wuj,auj.rdlof;uh;eef. qif,oh;vof;ref:qof;oj; ]]atj:wD;cj; cSef:awj;qof;pof: abj:cdif:uRj.rj: Okif:Ogrf:wD;Ndef:cj;wuj,cofaOurf:cj; ykwf.xTzj:yAefqof; tefyAefTOj,qof;pof:auj; zSofrj:rD:wD;e[:Ndef:bof.wD;cj;atj;}} oh;vof;ymif:eif,ehsv; qof;rpj,uwf.Oy qif,oj; ]]bdlef.cGmif:yefaOurf:wuj,}}ehaO tguf,ugj,wkif:xSif; wmif,Ndef:bl,bof./

wuj,tefoh;ymif:eef. Orf.ayj:uGifugj,bof.? zdwf;ymif: abj:cdif:rj:Okif:Ogrf:cj;atj;qof;pof:ehauj; bif:wkduf.oj; bdlef.cGmif: yefaOurf:ehbl,? tuRif:oj; ref:qof;wdkof:urfydef,xymwf;xkwmif,Odyf:Omrfydlifoh.eh wuj,eef.trf,N.sv; wuj,eef. cof;rj:e[:Ndef:aO qif,oh;vof;wD;Tzj:yAefqof;oj; ]]ymif:trf,vh;cj;qof;pof:? Tzj:yAefqof;pof: rD:oh.wmif:e[:atj; abj:cdif:rj:cj;sv;ehauj; ref:qof;trf,rj:cj;? ref:qof;uBmif.wdkof:urfeif,pdkofwD;cj;tefref:uBmif.wkdof:urfeef. rBmwf;wgef:vdlofTzj:yAefqof;pof:wD;cj;pj.}} urf:eef. Tzj:yAefqof;qif,oj; ]]q[;tdlof;wuj,vlif vkuf;qmh:vlifuofqof;wlefeh. ref:qof;uBmif.wdkof:urf ydef,xymwf;xkwmif,Odyf:Omrfydlif yAeftwdqj,wvkuf;qmh:rBmwf;Iwej,(vkuf;uSof;rBmwf;) awj,eif,uofTzj: bif:trf,uBmif.wdkof:urfvh;wArfxlef;vlugef,}}eh ykwf.xqof; vmwf;apj:bgif;abj:eif,ehbl,bof./

ugyf;ydlof;eefsv; vkuf;Iwej,vD (vkuf;uSof;rBmwf;)eh. wmrfwlofTzj:yAefqof; bif:bgif;abj:axj:yej,bof.? tefyAefqof;wlefcl:qof;cl:arjvlif Dr. crf:rmh xrf,rOj,rdpof:eh.auj; yAeftwdqj,w vkuf;qmh:rBmwf;Iwej,(vkuf;uSof;) ykef;wj,qmof:cdlof: ayj;sr;rdlif:wh:pof:bof./ qof;pof:rD:au:ql:erfvdlof wD;edlofzj,Oj, Oj,Oej, qdlof.qmwf;pof:wif:erfyAefwD; wuj,wif:vhm vh;eyf.brf, ukif,rkefOD,v Orj,xd ynf,nj,qof;sw."bof./ugyf;yd lof; ukif,rkefOD,v Orj,xd ynf,nj,qof;pof: wArfxlef;vDsv; rdlof;ylef.rj:yD 2009

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 36vdlefuBmef,eoID, (4) oef:eef. vlifygifqdkif;zgrf.Nrf;rdlif:rmef; tofrmhvduf; 1_2009 ydkefcmof,aO egyf,bdkef;yef bgif;abj:qkrf; ]]rpj,Owf.xrf,raqj:wdu}}bl,bof./ ydlef;bgif;abj:auj;vD trf,bgif;abj:auj;vD qof;cl:xrf,rOj,rdpof:eh. wdkef:rD:ukif,b[, udkif,xdluf; vDtofukif,tofrkefref:qof;sw."bof./ e[:Oif,cwh:pof:ymefbmrf:vAofeh. ref:qof; yAefqof;tgefydkwf,yefydkef:r[, P;qldof:pof:pj: vh;tguf,rj:eguf;rdlif:aO pAef:vduf;vmh:ymh:N. ul;vgif;vgif;bof.? e[:vluf;urf,zj,vlifeh.ehauj; qof;vh;ugj,apj:Twj: zdlnfsz; ygifumefOj,Oej, vhmwD;vmhrdlif:sv; pAwf:P;Oj,Oej,Ndof;Ndif:ydlif:vSif:wlof;qgwf,ul;wD;wD; P;ydlef;vh;N.vgif;wh:pof:rj:wif:erfbof./ qof;cl:pof:eh. rD:erf.q[uGmif;wmif:bdlef.uef; cef,xD,b[, trf,wgef.vmwf;uGmrf:aO.ae: pjwmif:zdwf:ydlef;vj:vj:? yAefpdkofrj:auj; oh.q[uwf:q[bAefaO su;vduf;yefpjawj,Ol;wmif:bmyf,zdkwf, pwf:pwf:pmefpmef?tefoj; q[wluf:q[uloftefoj;eef. wdkef:trf,rD: trf,bmrf;vh;pefaOyguf;/ qof;cl:pof:eh.trf,wgef.wlnf:ykef;Okef,wlof qof;rD:wmif:bdlif:tmef:Okif tofOkef,ykef;wif:erf yIpdwyAefb[,aO pAwf:Omif;ej;umefehsv; qof;yAefauj.udkif,xdluf;vDbgif;abj: vDbdlif;vDtofyAefwlofwSuf;wD,wmif: wj,awcdkef;b[,r[,Okifcdkwf:umyf;cdkwf:ymefsw.sw.bof./

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rdlif:wh:ygwf:tguf, yj,vSof:-uAif:vmyf;eef.auj; zlefb[,erf.egif:aO ulef:rdlif:vh;xlyf:az: erf.vluf;xgif: urf;zgif;bl,bof./ sw,rdlof;vdlefOSyf.xSrf,ydlof, yD-2015 eef. bgef.zdif;zj.Ij,OD, ]st,eD,nlof, (El Niño)} cof;Mwf;rj:sv; zdif;zj.Ij,OD,vh;rh;Mef. pSif;vSif.rj:bof./ pSif:rh;ymif,vmh,Orkwf.wIj,eef. ayj:oj;zdif;zj.Ij,OD, st,eD,nlof, sw,cof;rj:auj;qArf rdlof; vdlefOSyf.xSrf,ydlof,eef. cdkef;Okifxdkif2.5 qdef,wD,uIAuf.bl,bof./ zl;vlif.vSef,zmh,zlefvlrf:cof vmrf:cmwf;oh.oj; e[:cmof:wmif:Nofymuf,yDeef. yDeh. st,eD,nlof, awpmif;pmh.vdlof wD;Okwf:ehbof./ e[:yD-2015 eh. vh;xlyf:az:Ozj,o vmhvgif;vmhtef wif:erfwif:vmhaO Odkyf,xSif;auj; wdkuf.vh;pefOmhimh awvh;xlyf:xSif;bl,bof./ wj,awcmrf;ylef.vh; az:Ozj,oeef. Nrf;uefcdkifOmif; vmh:ayj:aq:bof./ wuf:awvh;pjvguf:vmh: wj,P;vgif;vkOkrf:at,rmifbl,bof./

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38 qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

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ulof,auBj,vkef,cofyD;egif.eh. yAefulef:qj,wdomef;av:wgif,? ukefIrf:syB:? rdlif:IcSif,bof./bl,Oof: wD;Ndef:vkif:Olnf,odef: oAif:wmif.bmef:aO pAwf:umefyef;pmif; pmif;rdlefbof./uj;idkef:wj,yef;pmif; pmif;rdlefqof;Ipmef:wj,Ogifqof;eef. vkif:Olnf,odef: auj.pyf.yAefqof;wj,eaO vl,wmef:OAif;OAif;bof./

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39qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

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(29.9.2015) umife[-9:00 rlif: wuj,Owf;xj:pyf.tofOdefpj; wrf;wD;qof;TOj,uRif:vlifaO qof;TOj, Oif,cj;qof;cof omef:oj;yIdwf;xrf:qof;bof./ xdkifrj: 9:30 rlif: wgh,vSofySwf;

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bmrf:vAof pkef,pmif;Tzj:zudif,sv; Ipmef:wj,Ogifqof;eef. Oof:rD:oh.bl,wD; uRif:umif?oAif:erf.vef;? aq;oAif:OD,ayj.? rdlif:wh:cj;atj;/ P;ulef:rdlif:wh:? ulef:e[:urf,zj,wif:OAif;umif:vgwf;az:Ozj,oaO rD:wlofq[uwf:bAefaOurf:vlnf;/ /

qmh:OD,p (ymh:bj? wj;vdlof,)X

qmh:xl: / / wj,qAifcrf:vSif: yguf;eh. cj;c[;xmrf qof;cl:pof: vgif;wD;uldof:vDatj;/ ymefrldof;vAofeh. bgef.cj;vh;pef ulef:pof: tgefuef uldof:vDrj: vmhOrf,vmhyldifej,sv; ]tefv[ukdif,vDtofpAwf: wD;uldof:vD? tefv[ trf,ukdif,tofpAwf: wD;uldof:vD-c[;pkeif,ehatj;/ Nofykdif:Okwf: c[;xmrf vgif;tef ulef:pof: uldof:vDzDeef.atj;? tefeef. ykdif;qof;pof: tdiftofe[:vduf;xrf: tefyAef wmif:pefxkdif Tzj:yAefqof;aO vmwf;yefaOurf:cj;/

qof;cl: / / pj: pkvgif;zDauj; pkqgrf: e[:Twj:tefTzj:yAefqof; apj:oh.eef.ulnf: eif,uof,sv; rldof;wgyf,acj;xmrfeef.auj; wkdef:uj;vh; tdiftof e[:xrf:Twj: Tzj:yAefqof;aOwgyf,ulnf:eif,uof,/ tefauj.eef. auj.eh.

av,vmwf;se vgif;zDauj; rD:bl,eif,uof,?ulnf:uj; wmif:pkqldof:eef.aw. ref:trf,q[;tefuSef,ukdrf:vD/ wlduf;wD;oj; tofvmwf;yj:auj;awyAeftefqdrf tefqhg;ref: wmef,bj,ulnf:/

qmh:xl: / / ayj:eefauj; Nofykdif:Okwf:cj;c[; xmrfoj; ]]zDtefoj;eef. qgif,rD:sw.?tdifeldof vgif;zDeh.aO wmif:pmef Oj,Oej,ykwf.xqof; oj;oh.qldif.pkdofsw.sw.}}ehatj;/

qof;cl: / / oj,w Oj,Oej,ykwf.xaw.yAef oj,w 31 clif:eef.ej,? zDtefoj;eef.wkdef: rD:tldof;/ e[:uGmrf:wh:auj; Orf.bmif;qgrf:yldifOj,Oej,aO oj; ]]rldif:zD Nuf:ymif-rldif:OmifOmof:clif:}} ehvl:aej;/ bgef.eefsv; zDtefoj;eef. wkdef:rD:tldof;/

acj;xmrfwgyf,

vgif;wD;uldof:vD

I

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 41qmh:xl: / / ayj:eef rldif:zDeh. rD:Nuf:clif:

ehcj;aej;/ yAefclif:Oifvmhvmhcj;vj,/

qof;cl: / / rldif: qwkrpj,Imwf;? wj,owdrf,Oj,? bj,rj,? wkOdwj,? edrfrjeIwdsv;yIedrf,rdwoOowfwD,-ehtldof;/

qmh:xl: / / zD tefrD:bl, e[:rldif:zD Nuf:clif: qldof:eef. Orf.vkuf.wD;v[aO ugj,yAefzDcj;vj,/ wkdef:bl,Oof:bl, rldif:eef. wduf:wduf:cj;p awj;oj;/

qof;cl: / / vkuf.wD; rldif:ulef:aO ugj,yAefulnf:eif,uof,tldof;? yAefulef:pof: qldof:tefrD:umifq[ c[;yAefzDaOsv; Omif; umefvDukOlof,?xkdifwD; cof OAif;umrf, Okwf:rkefauj; rldof:yAefe[:rldif:zD qldof:ykef.-yldifTwj: rD:qldif.ehtldof;/

qmh:xl: / / yldifTwj:-tefoj;eef. yAefyldifTwj: tefTzj:yAefqof; apj:oh. cj;aej;/

qof;cl: / / q[;tldof;? yAefTwj: tefTzj:yAefqof; apj:oh.tldof;/ vgif;zDeh. vldofaOTzj:trf,rD:z[ vmwf;sevh; wSuf,vSif:aOauj./tefoj; auj.eef. auj.eh. pkvgif;zD tefoj;eef. yAefumef vmrf:Oj: vmwf;tofvmhvmhulnf:/yl difTwj:aw. e[:yyf. ]bru}tefoj;eef.Tzj:yAefqof; apj:seoh. vgif;Owf:woj, clif:v[cmh.uldwf, clif:v[vh; ehqugj, rD:wif:erfbof./ulnf:uj; tefvlof,ygif,q[oh.eh.aw. rldif:Omif?rldif:zDsv; rldif:ulef: tefoj;eh. wkdef:yAefrldif:qof;ukOlof,cofulnf:? ayj:rD: ukOlof,ugef, qif,uldwf,yAefvh;? ayj:trf,rD: ukOlof,aw. wkdef:trf,uldwf,yAefvh;/

qmh:xl: / / ayj:eef rldif:zD Nuf:ymif? rldif:Omif Omof:clif:sv; tduf,xSif; rldif:ulef: clif:ekdif;wif:OAif; 27 clif:eh. yAefrldif: ykuf.ulof, tefrD:ukOlof,cof qif,uldwf,yAefvh;-ehcj;aej;/

qof;cl: / / q[;tldof;? yldifTwj:aw. wkdef:rD:oh. eif,eefbof./ 27 clif:eef. Mif.oj; Okuwd?yAefrldif:tefvDMwf;xkdif ygif,oj;ehbof./ tefvldofaO 27 clif:eh. Orf.rD:xSif; rldif:iImh:? rldif:Owf:(wdIwf.Omef,)? rldif:yduf.wj,sv; rldif:tOl,Isu,-ehxSif; OD,rldif:/ cofOD,rldif:eef.aw. vh;oj; yAefrldif: tukOlof,? rD:erf.q[tukOlof, pmof;pSif: qif,ugj,yAef? bgef.yAefwD;trf,vDMwf; sv; zmh ,yj,vd Mif.oj;]wkuf.uwd}ehtldof;/

qmh:xl: / / atj;cj;Jvgif;qldof:eif,qof;pof: oj;rj:eef.aw. uh.bmrf;vh;idef: qof;TOj,pof:cof vmwf;apj:sebl,cj;/ ulnf:uj; tefcj;trf,bmrf;idef:eh. ukdwf:xSif; vgif;zD tefulef:pof:cof pAwf:cAif,zD wrf:oh.aO tofpAwf: wD;uldof:vDeef.atj;/ vgif;zDqldof:eef.cj;vl: Orf.awvh;oj; yAefOkuwdcj;p? wkuf.uwdcj;p/

qof;cl: / / zDtefoj;eh. vldofaO rldif:zDNuf:clif:eef. bif:rD:xSif;vl:ugef,/ qldof:eef.aw. rldefeif, zD tefbl,Oof: eldofvdef(Zkrfr#f$ aWowj)? zD tefbl,Oof:qgrf:wlef;rh. (Ikufc#f$awowj)? zD tefbl,Oof:eldofumifpmof (tjujO#f$aWowj)ehvl:ugef,/cofqldof:eef.aw. bgef.bl,Oof: qgrf:ulef:e[:rldif:ulef:ulnf:sv; vh;oj; yAefzDxmef;wSrf,ulnf:eif,uof,/ P;ayj: rD:tlrD:zkif: eif,zD

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 42tefbl,Oof: e[:rldif:zD Nuf:clif:eef.aw.trf,q[;/

qmh:xl: / / ayj:eef tefulef:pof: pAwf:cAif,zD? apjzDaO uldof:vDbl,qldof:eef. yAefzDqeef.cj;aej;/

qof;cl: / / uj;awvh;oj;eefulnf:tldof;/zD tefbl,Oof: e[:rldif:zD Nuf:clif:eef.aw.wkdef:trf,vlif:rj: rldif:ulef:/ bj,ayoj; awrj:bl,ugef,vj;? awj;uj; bj,trf,vgwf;aO vh;vlif:rj:xlyf:Tzj:auj; awj;bif:trf,eif;? rj:qkuf:aO oh;Tzj:ulnf:/ bgef.rldif:ulef: olnf,ej,-ehoj;/ cofvlif:rj:auj; rj:qlof;uSyf. qlof;cmof:aO yguf;rldof:ckdef: urf:vAof-ehbof./

qmh:xl: / / ayj:eef tefulef:pof: pAwf:apjzDaO uldof:vDbl,eef. awvh;oj; yAefzDrh.zDwguf, zDNnf;zDvhgqldof:eh.ulnf: cj;tldof;aej;/

qof;cl: / / tldof;J eif,oj;eef.bof./vldofaOeef. ]]zDolef.zef}}ehauj; oj;vh;tldof;/

qmh:xl: / / zDolef.zef-tefoj;eef.yAefzD rAof:v[cj;/

qof;cl: / / zDolef.zef-tefoj;eef.yAefzD rAof:tefulef:pof: olef.zeftofpif:ulnf:? trf,q[;zDsw. rAof:eef.tldof;/ bl,vmhvmhvguf,vguf,aO olef.oj; ]zDeh. ref:vSyf;yAefeef yAefehtldof;}ehaOsv; cSuf:pAwf:pmif;zD?wSrf;pAwf:pmif; zD? ]zDeh. cofvSyf;vlof,qldif.eefqldif.ehtldof;} ehaOsv; tofrAof:ekdif;bof.rAof:ekdif; ugj,wrf:oh.yef? pAwf:yef pmif;qmif.?

pmif;r? pAwf:yef ugif;? zj;Nrf,? zj;Oldof,?pAwf:yef wD;bl,vkuf;vmefzD ehqldof:eh.qugj,tldof;/ tefolef.eif,eefaO pAwf:yefeef.bgef.trf,pefzDsw."? trf,q[; wmif:vlof,zDsw."? bl,wD;ulef:pof: qldof:tef uldof:vDzDeef.olef.zefaO pAwf:yeftofpif:ulnf:sv; zDeif,eefaw. vh;oj; yAefzD tefulef:pof:olef.zefulnf:bof./

qmh:xl: / / ayj:oj;eefauj; rSef;bl,sw.eif,oj;cj;atj;/ ulef:pof:eh.auj; bl,wD;wlofuof, olef.zefaO av,pj sr,cGmuf; rAof:ekdif;rAof:Ogif eef.auj; rD:bl,sw.cj;bof./

qof;cl: / / tlof.J rD:oj;rD:bof./ zDolef.zef eif,eefeef. ]zDuof}ehauj; oj;vh;tldof;/ bgef.vkuf.wD; wmif:vlof, ]uof}aO olef.yef vgif;zD eef.ej,/

qmh:xl: / / ayj:eefauj; vgif;zDeh. vh;pkxkdif uj;emef.ekdif;auj; pmef.q[bof.cj;/ urf:eh.cj;Orf.c[;xmrf vgif;ykdef: ulef:pof: sw,uldof:vDzDrj: rldof;umyf;v[ymefv[-ehatj;/

qof;cl: / / ykdef: vgif;ulef:pof: uldof:vDzDeh.aw. rD:rj: yDbmof:cmof:pkdifbof./ rD:rj: qArfrldof;Tzj:yh,ayj,-ehauj; oj;vh;tldof;/

qmh:xl: / / atj;Joj;eefcj;aej;/ ayj:eef Orf.vhpef rD:ykdef:rj:eif,pkdofcj;/

qof;cl: / / tldof;J P;ayj:oj; yAefykdef:vgif;ulef:pof: uldof:vDzDsw."auj; trf,q[;eif,uof,? vh;pef tdwf:tgwf: ygwf:wgef;tgef,rguf;uj;emef.ekdif;ulnf:/ ykdef:ydwf:ygwf:tgef,

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 43tefvh;pef qof.vldofyl def;sw. e[:vduf;ydwumwf; vh;pefykdef: ckefvdwf.OoD,coftldof;?cofeh. yAefqmof:cldof:ckef rAof:ekdif; coftgefueftkyf.yldif, rldif:owf.qD,? oAif:vlifcof qkdof;oAif:ao,Oj,vD-ehoj,? qArfrldof;ymefTzj:yAefqof;trf,yh,yAefTzj:eef.ugef,bof./ cofeh. wD;oAif:vlifcofeef. rD:apjzDtkawe? apjzD auj:w-ru? apjzDOwfwrf,y? apjzDypkykwfw? apjzDOjIefww? apjzDqj,yj,v}eh Nuf:apjbof./apjzDqldof:eef. yAefwD; ckefvdwf.OoD,coftofpAwf: wD;uldof:vD qArfrldof;cof yh,eyf.brfTzj:yAefqof;bof./ zldof,xkdifwD; Tzj:yAefqof;yAefTzj:rj:bof.aO rldof:xkdif rldif:cofauj; cofckdef:tofpAwf: wD;uRif:aO vl,yef Tzj:yAefqof;?P;yAef wD;Tzj:yAefqof; vkdof;Oof:bof./ e[:rpj,yIdedyf.yj,eOkwf;eef. Tzj:yAefqof; tmrf:atj:se qof;tj,eef,wj, vgif;oj; apjzDqldof:eef. yAefwD;vDrlef;Ol dof:}} ehbl,eif,uof,/

vgif;oj; tofapjzD pAwf:uRif:aO vl,wmef:Tzj:yAefqof;ugj,eef. vgrfwlnf:ykdef: rldof;Tzj:apj:Twj:tyIdpjedb (vgif;trf,blyf;bgrf:)qAwf:yldif yef wj,ckefvdwf.OoD,cofeef.auj;pkxkdifbof./ rldof;eef. uSef,qof; bl,Oof: wD;apjzD OjIefwwaO apj:-ehbof./ e[:Twj:Nofeef.auj; acj;xlef;qAwf:eef. Orf.yj:oj;]]P;eyf.brf wD;tefukdif,vDeyf.brf(aqwd)}}ehbof./ wD;tefukdif,vDeyf.brf(aqwd) tefoj;eh. ymefpof:rldof;vAofaw. yAefIwej, Omrfqof;aO rldof;umyf;eef. ymefeef.aw. wkdef:yAefbl, apjzDcofeef.-awvh;ygif,q[ eif,ehbof./

qmh:xl: / / ayj:eef vgif;eyf.brf zDeh.auj; Tzj:y Aefqof; pefvDbl,-ygif,oj;ehcj;aej;/

qof;cl: / / vgif;eyf.brf pefvDuefeh.aw. bgef.ref:yAef umefwAuf:wAifySwf; erf.q[rj,e awj:Osv; Tzj:yAefqof; pefvDbl,-uj;vh;oj;ehbof./ oj,w Tzj:yAefqof;eh. yAefoj,w wj,wAuf:wAifySwf; erf.q[trf,vD? erf.q[tukOlof, trf,q[;pkdofvj,/ bgef.eefsv; ayj:eyf.brf pefvDuefauj; ygif,oj;-trf,rD: erf.q[ rj,e awj:O awj,uefbof.vl:/ vgif;oj;auj.ekdif;sv; auj.ekdif; ukdif,vD eyf.brf wrf,tlef; awj,uefeef. wlnf:e[: rif,uvj,Okwf;tefoj; ]UjIaoj q edojawj q} eheef.auj;pkxkdifbof./ trf,wmyf;oj; zD Omif? ulef:awj,ulef:auj; wkdef:vDeyf.brfuefbof./

qmh:xl: / / eif,qof;pof:oj; ]ulef:awj,ulef:auj; vDeyf.brfuefeef.aw. rSef;bl,cj;? ulnf:uj; wj,zD wj,Omifcofaw. xmif,aw trf,vlof,eif,eefcj;blof./

qof;cl: / / oj;eif,eefaw. trf,vh;eif,uof,ej:/ yldifvlifeh. pof:vlof,ay.vh; q[trf,vD? q[tukOlof,ulnf:vl:/ pof:qof;uof, rD:q[vD awj,ulef:ulnf:? ayj:trf,rD:q[vD awj,zDauj; erf.q[ teftrf,vD awj,zDeef. Orf.wkduf.yAef erf.q[trf,vDpof:ulnf:eif,uof,sv,/bgef.eef wj,zD wj,Omifauj;vD? wj,Owf:tgef,auj;vD wkdef:vlof,vh;rD: erf.q[vD awj,coftldof;/

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 44qmh:xl: / / ayj:oj;eefaw.auj; q[;bl,

eif,uof,cj;vh/ yldifvlifaw. vlof,rD: erf.q[vDaO bj,P; erf.q[trf,vD rj:rD: wD;rmuf,Nofq[qof;uof,ulnf:sw.cj;vl:aej;/

qof;cl: / / acj;Oif, uGmrf:Ogef ykwf.xqof;aw. uj;emef.ekdiff;ulnf:/ bgef.eefsv;uyf:umh,vlnf; vgif;zDauj; vgif;oj; ukdif,vD Olif,rAwf.wj, yefcofeef. Tzj:yAefqof; wkdef:Ogef,yj:bof./ vgif;rAwf.wj,Okwf; sw,yAefrj:auj; tdifvlnf; vgif;P; qof;Ipmef:cof sz;rAwf.wj, yefzD? P;qof;Ipmef:cof rD:rAwf.wj,eldofzD-uj;emef.ulnf: trf,q[;pkdofvj,/

qmh:xl: / / q[;bl,sw. eif,uof,cj;vh/ayj:eefauj; acj;brfOkwf:ref: cj;c[;xmrfoj;uyf:umh,vgif;zDeh. pof:cj; qldof:yAefulef:qmof:ykwf.xzj,Oj, awvh;bl,Oof: udefxif eif,pkdof? awvh; pAwf:Omif;yefcof eif,pkdof? Tzj:yAefqof; Orf.Oif,Ogefoh.eif,pkdof-ehatj;/

qof;cl: / / uyf:umh,vlnf; vgif;zDeh. Tzj:yAefqof; oj;oh.aw.-

1. P;rD: rAwf.wj,eldofcof?

2. P;uh. ckuf:q[vh;cof-eh Ogifvgif;tldof;/ P;oh;cof-ehaw. trf,yj:/ vgif;oj; P;rD:rAwf.wj,eldofcofeef. e[:uGmrf:Olif,rAwf.wj,eef.auj;uSef,qof; O[,oh.oj; ]OYfaY aWoj (uj;yAefzDwif:OAif;wif:vlif)}ehbof./ vgif;vDckuf:q[vh;cofeef.aw. uSef,qof; tofO[,oh. e[:vgif;vDuh.ckuf:vh;vlif Odyf:yldifbof./ e[:eef. sw,tofTzj:ugj,(YkWfXjekOfOwd)bof./ wD;wmrf:pmif

ref:eef. Orf.yj:oj; ]]aWowjekOfOwd=P;uh.ckuf:q[vh;zD}}ehbof./

vgif;vlof,vh; ckuf:q[vh;cofeef.aw. bgef.oj; y l di f Tzj:y Aefqof;eh. rD :xmef;wSrf ,xmef;Okif? rD: ukOlof, tukOlof,? ayj:pAwf: vgif;vDvh;wmrfvD? ayj:pAwf: vgif;pmh. vh;wmrfpmh.-ehbof./ e[:zo xmef;Okifeh. yj:zozDOmifcofbof./ wj,aw yAefzD yAefOmifvh;tefoj;eh. rD:ukOlof, qif,yAefvh;bof./ bgef.eefsv; c[;P; ulef:pof: chgcofaO arjpAwf:umefvDsv; qif,Ogefoh.oj; ]]P;uh.ckuf:q[vh;zD}}ehbof./

tefOlif,rAwf.wj, yefcofeef.auj; wj,cofauj; yAefvgif;vDaO wj,pof:qof;uof,auj;yAefumef wAuf:wAifySwf; vgif;q[vrf awj:O?tjcj,w vgif;rlrf,q ySif:qif:vlif qldof:eef.tldof;/

qmh:xl: / / ayj;xgrf,eif, tefqof;pof:oj;rj:eh. zDtefoj;eh. trf,yAefwD; ulef:pof:tofuldof:vD ykdif;tdif eif,Iwej, Omrfqof;cj;vlifaej;/

qof;cl: / / q[;tldof;J ayj:tof Tzj:yAefqof; oj;oh.eef.aw. wD;tef ulef:pof: vDtofudlof:vD ykdif;tdifeh. vldofaO Iwej,Omrfqof;trf,rD:Oif/ ayj:uldof:vD Iwej, Omrfqof;bof.auj; bgef.ref: yAefTOj,zD TOj,Omifbof.sv; qldof:yAef vkuf;egif. uSef,qof; tefyAefzDyAefOmifqldof:eef. trf,wmyf;vlof,vmwf;yj:bof./

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 45qmh:xl: / / ayj:eef Orf.vh;pef ulef:

pof: wkduf.tgefuef uldof:vDzD bl,wif:erfwif:vmh cj;aej;/

qof;cl: / / q[;tldof;? erftldof;/ pefoj;coftrf,ayj:ygif,ykdif; wD;uldof:vD vDvDsv; yAefugj,eif,eeftldof;/ Iwej,Omrfqof; tefpof:tofpAwf: wD;uldof:vDbl, e[:oef:cmof:rldof;eh.auj;wD;sw.ref: vlof,uldof:vD Twj:pSif:pSif:tldof;/uldof:vD Twj:pSif:pSif:-tefoj;eef. c[;oj; ]]vlof,pAwf:Omif; uBmif.urfqgrf:eif, acj;Oif,uGmrf:OgefTzj:yAefqof; apj:oh.eef.vDvD}} ehtldof;/ayj:pAwf:eif,eefauj; vgif;uldof:vD Iwej,Omrfqof;eef. wD;ygif,ref: ukrf,xlef;vDbof./

qmh:xl: / / zgef:ref:cj;vl:? ayj:uldof:vDzDeh. Orf.awvh;qmrf,ylnf;qldif.pkdof qldif.pjcj;vj,/

qof;cl: / / vgif;uldof:vD qldif.eef qldif.ehsv; awvh;qmrf;ylnf; zgef:vD qldif.eefqldif.eh tefoj;eef. trf,wgef.vh;pef z[seyefoh. wD;v[aOyguf;/ ]pAwf:Oifsv; z[trf,sevh;} ayj:eh? bgef.oj; ]Twj: tefzDapj:oh.sw.sw.auj; trf,rD:? acj;Oif,uGmrf:OgefzDauj; trf,rD:sv; qif,trf,qmif;tofOif seuefvh;-ygif,q[ eif,ehtldof;/

ulef:pof: tgefuef uldof:vDzD tefoj;eh.ayj:olef.wlnf:aw. vDc[;clofoh. eif,uof,tldof;?wlofzDauj; trf,bmrf;Nyf.pefaOyguf;? acj;Oif,uGmrf:OgefzDauj; trf,wgef.bmrf;vh;idef:aOyguf;sv; tofpAwf: wD;uldof:vD-oj,/ tefvkef;vldofaOeh. Orf.rD:xSif;vl:ugef,? qldof:eef.

aw. yAeftef av,pjoh; vgefyluf,oj,? wlef;rh.oj,? rmuf,pdefrmuf,zjoj,-ehqldof:eef.tldof;/tefuldof:vD rmuf,pdefrmuf,zjeef. rmuf,pdefrmuf,zjref:aw. vh;pefuyf:wjbl,? ulnf:uj;ref:trf,arj Oif,Ogef ygef;thg,yef vgif;vDvgif;qOifsv; oj; uldof:vDref:eh. vkef;oj;vkef;-c[;oj;ehbof./

qmh:xl: / / ayj:eef eif,qof;pof:oj;eh.pof:uldof:vD ydkif;tdifOifauj;vD? ref:awvh;rD:ukif,rkef erf.uwf.wmif:brf? trf,eefauj;acj;Oif, uGmrf:Ogefyef wj,pof:-ehcj;aej;/

qof;cl: / / q[;tldof;? ayj:trf,q[; eif,eef qmif;tofpAwf:wD;uldof:vD pAwf:Oifygif,vgif;vj,? vldofulnf:tldof;/ rldefeif, pof:uldof:vDTzj:eh.wlofsw.ref:qof;auj; bmrf;rD:rj:? ykdef:ref:qof;auj; rD:? ukif,erf.uwf.wmif:brfref:qof;auj; rD:? acj;Oif, uGmrf:Ogef ref:qof;auj; rD:?zl;wmifwlofref:qof; tefyAefvkuf;egif.way:Oif,cj,ref:qof;auj; rD:? vldofaOeef. pkef,pmif;ref:qof;auj; rD:vl:/ vgif;qldof:eef.rD:bl,-tefoj;eef. trf,q[;sv; rD:wD;pof:ulnf:? wD;ydlef; wmif,wD; auj;rD:? rD:wlof;vkrf;z/bgef.eefsv; ukdif,tofpAwf: wD;uldof:vDtldof;/

zDsv; rmuf,pdefrmuf,zjqldof:eef. Orf.ckdef:tofyldif eif,pj:xwf:se vgif;Tzj:eef.aO xwf:wlnf:sv;? vgif;oj; zD rD:sw.bl,tefoj;eef.aw. xgrf,e[:Twj:aO bgrf:pyf.vh;bl,? ulnf:uj; wlofsw.cofauj; pof:trf,pef?ykdef:cofauj; pof:trf,pk? acj;Oif,uGmrf:Ogefcofauj; pof:trf,vh;idef:? ukif,erf.uwf.cofauj;pof:trf,vh;pkxkdif? zl;wmifwlofcofauj; pof:trf,

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 46vh;pefsv; oj; tofpAwf:wD;udlof:vD? pj:aw.ygif,q[oj; ref:yAefzD tefwlofuof, olef.zeftofpif:ulnf: rguf;uj;emef.ekdif;ulnf:/

qmh:xl: / / rldefeif, qof;pof: oj;eef.aw.atj;/ Tzj:yAefqof;eh. awj;yh,oj; awpefwlofsw.ref:qof;vj;? awj;uj; pkygif, vgif;ukif,ref:qof; tefoj; ]trf,rD: udav,Oj,}ehqldof:eef.sv; vh;pkygif, acj;Oif,Ogefref:qof; tefoj; ]trf,vDcj;pSrfuefwmh? trf,vDvuf.clof:cgifuef} eh qugj,qldof:eef.ulnf:auj;ayj:vDbkrf,brfej, sw.bof.cj;/

qof;cl: / / eif,pj: oj;rj:eef.ej, ]wj,awtof ulef:ekdif;auj. pAwf:wD;uldof:vD? pAwf:wD;ydkif;tdif} tefoj;eh.-

1. vlof,yAef ykuf.ulof tefbmrf;rD:rj:sw.?2. vlof,rD:ykdef:ref: uSef,"eSef;"?3. ref:vlof,yAef ykuf.ulof, tefrD:ukif, erf.

uwf. wmif:brf vldof,pof:qof;uof,?4. vlof,vh;pef acj;Oif,uGmrf:Ogefref:? ayj:

yAefvh; vlof,vh;pef pmif;ref:-ehugef,qif,ukdif,tofpAwf: wD;uldof:vDtldof;/ ayj:trf,eefaw. vldofvmhvmh? udwf,wD; udwf,tgif;ulnf:? yefwD;bl,auj; Okrf:eifvdefwj,zkuf,Ogrf;ulnf:/

qmh:xl: / / q[;bl,sw.eif,uof,cj;vh? ayj:tofpAwf: wD;udlof:vD? wD;ykdif;wD;tdifauj; vlof,vh;pk ykdef:ref:? vlof,vh;pef uGmrf:Oif,Ogefref:tefoj;qldof:eef./ ayj:trf,q[;eif,eefaOtgefvkuf;vmef vrfwkdofvrfwefaO vj;vDuldof:vD vlifugj,ulnf:aw. qmif;yAef rdwf.Oj,wdwf.xd cj;aej;/

qof;cl: / / q[;tldof;/ rldefeif, pof:uldof:vDTzj:eh. bmrf;auj; bmrf;rD:rj:sw.? acj;Oif,Ogefref:? ykdef:ref:qldof:eh.auj; bgef.rD:sw.sv; qif,ukdif,tofpAwf: wD;uldof:vDaOtrf,uj:ayj:uldof:vD ykdiftdif Iwej,Omrfqof; qmif;awvh;zgef:vDeif,pkdof tefoj;qldof:eef.auj;rD:oh.wSuf,vSif:? wmrfwlofuSef,qof; Oif,Ogefoh.qSif;vSif:urf:vAofbof./

qmh:xl: / / ayj:eef Oifoj;ul dof:vD Iwej,Omrfqof; Orf.qmif;vh;zgef:vD eif,pkdof tefoj;eef.auj; c[;ykdif;qof;pof: Omif:vmif:yeftdwf:ekdif;cj;atj;/

qof;cl: / / zgef:vD vgif;uldof:vD Iwej,Omrfqof;eef.aw. acj;abj;Okwf:ref: Tzj:yAefqof;oj; ]vgwf;ylef.vh; vgif;bmyf,zkdwf,cmefq[ wif:vlif (OYfYWkufcj yrkqfqwd)}ehtldof;/ yldifvgif;Ogef, vgif;wkuf.c cmefq[eh.rD:oh. vmhxmef;ej,? tsy,OD,yldif cmefq[vldofulef:? ulef: cmefq[vldofzDvldofOmif? zozDOmifcof Orf.cmefq[ vldofedyf.ymef,? ayj:Mwf;xkdifedyf.ymef,aw. vgif;wkuf.c cmefq[ wif:vlifylifq[rlwf:? trf,Okdyf,rD: vgif;cmefq[xSif;-ehbof./ wD;ylifq[ wkuf.ceef. wmrfwlofuSef,qof;auj; Mwf;ugj,? vkuf;egif. uSef,qof;qldof:yAef qof;Ipmef:wj,cofauj; tgefuefMwf;ugj,rlwf:bof.-ehbof./ vgif;tef vh;Mwf;xkdif wD;trf,rD:cmefq[Oifbof.eef. yAefzgef:vD tefOkifOkwf: vgif;uldof:vD Iwej,Omrfqof;bof./ vldofaOeef. vgif;vh;yAef zoulef:? zD?Omifqldof:eh.auj; yAefzgef:vD tefwSrf,aO

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 47edyf.ymef, tdifvlnf; vgif;uldof:vD Iwej,Omrfqof;aO vh;rj:bof./

qmh:xl: / / ayj:eef tefuldof:vD wlef;rh.wlef;rmuf, vgefyluf, rmuf,pdefrmuf,zjqldof:eef.aw. bgef.trf,yefzgef:vDOifsv; vhoj; yAefwmif:pefzdwf:? wD;uldof:vD zdwf:ulnf:cj;aej;/

qof;cl: / / uj;vh;oj;eefulnf:tldof;? cgifwlefrh.wlef;rmuf, vgefyluf, rmuf,pdefrmuf,zjqldof:eef. wrf.trf,arj apj:Twj: Oif,Ogefyef aOOrf,aOyldifvl:/ yAefrdwf.Oj,wdwf.xdtgef, rAof:ekdif;tldof;/

qmh:xl: / / ayj:eefauj; uyf:umh,vlnf;vgif;wD;uldof:vD tefcj;c[;xmrfaw. rguf;uj;emh.ekdif;ulnf:bof.cj;? tefcj; trf,xmrfrSef;sv;qof;pof: Orf.c[;Oif,vmwf;eef.auj; cSef:awj; vmwf;yef P;ayj:yAefwmif:pk wj,ulef:erfaOurf:cj;/

qof;cl: / / qlrf:bof.? vgif;tef c[;Oif,aw. awuldof:vD ykdif;tdifOifauj; cwf:q[ P;pkxdkif vgif;ref:? ykdef:ref:? acj;Oif,Ogefref:?zgef:vDref:aO qif,uhg;uldof:vD/ ayj:trf,eefaw. qmif;nj: yldef;vdif,udef vSefudefulnf:-c[;oj;ehtldof;/ rldof;ymefTzj: ykif,ej: auj.ekdif;qkdof;ref:oj; Fyef,rj,bk}ehoj,? wj,ref:awckyf.oh;Tzj:? uldof:vDykdif;tdif Tzj:eh. ref:yhg,way:ref: wlnf:qgrf: wmif:pAwf:wmif:Omif;?wmif:vmwf;wmif:qj Tzj:yAefqof;eh. pkdifcmof:wmif:qAwf:vldeftldof;/ zldof,ref: vh;pkoj; ]yAefTzj:sw.bl,}ehauj; qif,uhg;ckyf.oh; Tzj:yAefqof;tldof;/ ulef:pof: ymefrldof;vAofeh. pef

Oifauj; eSwf;Mrf:rkdof:oh;? eSwf;bkrf,brf pefvDeef. ref:seyef vgif;oj; qof;uof, yAefulef:wmif:pkwkdef;ej,tj:vj:tldof;/ wgif:oh.sv;e/

qmh:xl: / / atj;cj;J qof;pof:? bdef:qlrf:cgyf;q[xdkif edloftefqof;cl:pof: oh.q[b[,q[bmof:aOsv; Oyf:vSif:seyef vgif;tefcj;c[;N.c[;ygif,q[eh.sw."wD;cj;bof./

- - - - -

BBB

c[;arjvSef vAef;qk?c[;N.pef Pbl,uRif:?c[;qAof:wgif: uh.oj;?c[;yAefcj; egef:oef:?c[;vef:uef: uh.uBmyf;?c[;rD:vmyf; pAwf:umef?c[;ugwf:zmef Ol,bj;?c[;bgif,rj; udlof:zD?c[;yAefulef:vD xgrf,uGmrf:Tzj:w/

wlef;rh.eh. yAeftefvrf,vgif; wj,ymefulef:pof:ydlifedkif;bof./ e[:ukefurf,zj, tefpof:bl,eh. e[:uj;Omrfykef; ab;ykef;eef.yAef xldef,yj,rh.bof./ vdlofeef.sw. Orf.yAeferf.? yAefymif,vmh,bof./ e[:uj;Nofulef:pof:e[:urf,zj, rdlof;vAof rD:bl, qAwf:pAifOmrfymuf,vmef.ymh (7.3 yD,vD,bSef,)eef. ulef:tefvh;ydkif;tdif wlef;rh.aOsv; pAwf:umefpjvAif.wgif.eef.qrf. rD:bl,rguf;edkif;pAifNuf:ymuf,vmef.(1.6 yD,vD,bSef,)bof./ ayj:xwf:wlnf: wif:urf,zj,ywf:ydkef. zwf.zAif,uefqdkif e[:uj;ul;yD"eh. ulef:pof: wwf:wlef;rh.aO ygh,eif,vdefpmrf: yof,vmhugj,eef. rD:bl,rguf;OmrfOdyf:Ogifvmef. at,u ehbof./ ayj:rj:Ogef,qdlif.eefqdkif yAeftefvDeuf:q[ wj,rdlof:ej;ymefpof:sw.bof./ umyf;ymefrdlof;vAofbgef.yd lo f;wlef;rh.bgr f:ug j,auj; pif:ref:?ulef:pof: pSif.vrf,rmuf;aO q[.clof:udkuf:ydkef.Ozj,oerf.vdefpdefzj Obrf,qj,w ylef.wD;ylef.vSefej,auj;pif:ref:sv; zdif;zIj,OD,tkwkauj; ydlif;rj:aO e[:wif:urf,zj,auj; wdlof:rh;vdlofpSif:rj:bof./ bgef.eefsv;ulef:pof: qif,tgefuefomh,ej;ql:vgif;Ozj,oerf. vdefpdefzjaO tkyf,ukrfuef wj,su;ch

wlef;rh.sv;ymefulef:qmif:ax:

yefpj vgif;urf,zj,vdlwf,vgef. (Globle Warm-ing) rj:bl,bof./ wj,aw su;chvh;yefpjvgif;eh.eh. ydlifedkif;sw. yAeftefulef:pof: xkuf,vDtofq[O[,puf.ySif:edlof yj,xldef,wlef;rh.eef.bof./ bgef.eefsv; wif;sw,yD 2012rj:eef. qkrf:ukvOruf.u(United Nations)qif,ydkef zmof,oj; ]]vdlefrmwf. oef:xd 21 eh.ruf:ref; yAefoef:puf.Ojyj,xdlef,wlof;vluf;(The International Day of Forests)}} ehbof./

wlef;rh.eh. ref:vrf,vgif;wj,ymefulef:pof:eif,pdkofvhm"`

(1) qgh;yefvlrf:xlnf;q[pof:

wlef;rh.eh. cmh:tguf,xmwf;tguf,OD,uBdef,(oxygen) tefulef:pof:vlof,eef.aO Orf.qkyf,tof xmwf;uj,ykef,wmh,tguf.Oh. (carbon di-oxide (CO2) tefulef:pof: trf,vlof,eef.bof./ wlef;rh. tefwlef;b[,ab;wlef;eef.pAwf:tguf,yefvh; xmwf;tguf,OD,uBdef, wj,ulef:rguf; 10 auj. ehbof./ e[:ab;yDeh.qrf.wlef;rh. wmif:erfref: edkif;at,ueh. qkyf,tofvh; xmwf;uj,ykef,wmh,tguf.Oh. (carbon di-oxide (CO2) wj,rguf;tmhxmwf;OD,ugef:uj: apj;26000 vuf: ehbof./

49qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

(2) qgh;pAwf:P;Owf:quf:rlif;rSif: eluf.elwlofxldef, rD:vdlif,erfud kef:

ayj:rD:wlef;rh. yj,xdlef, b[,wefvdkuf.vDuj;pdkofauj; Owf:quf:rlif;rSif:cof Odlof:rlef;elofbl,vh; qgrf:yDbmof:cmof:pdkif? ayj:trf,rD:wlef;rh.yj,xdlef,auj; Owf:quf:rlif;rSif:coftrf,bl,vh;? trf,yAefwlofvh;/ uj;vh;wmhpmhogwf;omh:ugj,bl,bof./ Owf:quf:rlif;rSif:cofqrf.cD;O[,edlofvdef e[:vdefaO pAwf:P;i[;vdefcgef,vdefvD? eluf.cofqrf. udefrmuf,rh.rmuf,wguf,aO cmh:xkrf,ySwf;rAwf.zef:rmuf,rh.aOomef,tghO[,edlofvdef pAwf:P;yAefwlef;rj:? o[rh.o[wguf,Orf. Nif;vlif: eof;yAefzkef,? zlefOrf.Nwf:vAif.yeferf.? vSwf;Orf. yefpSif:wlef;rh.b[,cdkef; qugj,qdlof:eh. yAefvgif;vD tefvh;rj:rD:rj:qgrf: wlef;rh.yj,xdlef,eef.bl,bof./

(3) yAefwD;bl, wj,ulef:pof:urf;zgif;

ulef:pof: tefvh;ydkif;tdifbl,Oof:e[:xdlef,e[:cdlof:eh. rD:bl,rguf; 300 vmef.? umefpjvAif.wgif.cofauj; ydkif;tdifxldef,cdlof:aO pjudefqgrf:e[:xdlef,e[:cdlof:eef.bof./ ulef:qdlif.eefeef. uGmrf:tif:udwf.cof Mif.oj; (indigenouspeople) ehbof./ qdlif.eif, e[:rdlif:atj:OxaI:vD:bj: (Australia) eef. vh;pefrD:oh.ulef:udkuf:yj,xdlef,bl, wif:erf tefcofMif.oj;(Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Is-landers) ehbof./

(4) qgh;ap.vSwf,ap.vlrf:wlef;rh. qdlof:wlef;b[,qdlof:eef. wlef;

edkif;sv;wlef;edkif; ymhrh.cofOkrf,rkif:yef pAwf:

P;ulef:pof:vgwf;vSwf,Mef.vSwf,rh;bof./ Ndef:tefrD:e[:su;wlef;rh.eef. pAwf:P;uwf:bAefvD? vgwf;yef,zwf:vlrf: sv; st:bj:ugef:(AC) bof./ ayj:qdlif.eef vgif;q[.zh:zauj;Omuf;Oj,vlrfq[bof./ ayj:vlrf:vlifxgif:yof,rj:auj; wlef;rh.qdlof:eef. qgh;ap.uif;yefbof./

(5) qgh;pAwf:P;eifvdefuwf:bAef

wlef;rh.eh. bgef.ydlof;cofqkyf,tofxmwf;(CO2) tefpAwf:P;urf,zj,vdlwf,Mef.rh;rj:(globle warming) eef.sv; yAefvgif;vDwj,pof:tefedkif; wj,awwdkuf:awj:vh; vgif;vSwf,rh;pSif:ylef.wlof;vluf;eef.bof./ ayj:trf,rD:wlef;rh.wlef;wguf,qdkif rh;vdlwf,Mef.ej,sv;ulef:pof:bl,bmyf,cmefq[sw."/

(6) pAwf:P;zzlefvD

ayj:rD:wlef;rh.wlef;wguf,vdlif,auj; zdif;zIj,OD,tkwkrmef,vD? zzlefauj;vDwdlof:rj:bof./rdlefqdlif.eif, yj,xldef, tar,Okif, (Amazon)eef. ref:pAwf:P; erf.vdefpdefzjvD? erf.wluf:wmwf,vdlif,qgrf:cSyf,pdrf:ref:ulnf:trf,uj:qgh;xSrfvh;xdkifyj: ygwf:wgef;rdlif:tar,Idu ygwf:Mif,ykef. ehbof./

(7) ap.pmrf;vh;vgif;erf.egif:

ayj:zlefwluf:erfsv; Orf.trf,rD:wlef;rh.yj,xdlef,qdkif erf.qdlof:eef. trf,qmif;cif.crfwD;v[? uj;vh;vhvlif:ugj,wD;clif;wD;bmef:aOpAwf:P;yAeferf.egif:? erf.vluf;omef;vluf;oAif:bof./ ayj:rD:wlef;rh.yj,xdlef,qdkif pmuf;wlef;rh.qdlof:eef. cofqkyf,uAyf:Mrfoh.erf.zlef pAwf:P;vhvlif:qdkrf:cof;e[:vdefugj,/ erf.qdlof:eef.

50 qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

ref:trf,rdleferf. tefvhbl,e[:erf.Mif;erf.au: uj;rD:uj;vheef.bof./ pAwf:eefaOwlef;rh.eh. qgh;yefeifvdefrdlif:qkyf,toferf.P;tdrf,eSef;vD? eifvdefpSif;wSuf,cmyf, awtrf,rD:? ayj:vdeftrf,wSuf,bmh;uefauj; eif,vdef awtrf,arjulef,yif:/ qdlof:eh. yAefzgef:vD wlef;rh.yj,xdlef,bof./

(8) ap.uif;yefzkef,rkuf.sv;vlrf:olnf,pif;ayj:rD:wlef;rh.qdkif eifvdefeSef;vDsv;

zkef,rkuf.auj; at,rmifugj,bof./ ayj:vlrf:xgif:yof,rj:auj; bgef.ydlof;rD:wlef;rh.ap.uif;oh.sv;ref:Omuf;Oj,zkef,rkuf.sw.bof./ vdlofaOeef. wlef;rh.eh. ref:qkyf,vmif.yef vlrf:olnf,pif; (dirty air) aO pAwf:P;rD:vlrf:qdkef;O[wj,pof:bof./ vdlofeef. ayj:xdlef,yj,rh.erfauj; zuf:bldof;emif:cAof? rmuf,rh.rmuf,wguf,? pAyf:qugj, wmif:udefwmif:bSrf. wj,ulef:pof:auj;wdlof:rD:rj: vdlif,rj:? wlef;bj;bj? cguf,rh. eifrh.?pmuf;rh. bjqgrf,ugrf, qdlof:eh.auj; rD:vdlif,rmuf;wj,pof:rj:sw."bof./

e[:acj;Oif,Ogefykwf.xqof;auj; vh;pefOif,Ogefyj: vgif;puf.Oj wlef;rh.bl, wif:erfwif:vmhbof./ uj,xj,oguf:yj,vd e[:xrf,ryweef. vmwf;oh.oj;-

]]oe> !defWx rj Ikufc>? oeawj QjbawZb>/ a!wgj oenfq oexnfq? edYfYejapjx Zdufcaoj/ - wD,zAof;ySwf;bkrf:ulnf:? bj,ayzef:wlef;rh./ bgef.yd lof;bkrf:bgrf,sv;qmif;rD:az:? wD,ySwf; bkrf:bgrf, cdlof:Nuf.qdlof:eef.aO pAwf:P;vh;bl,Oof:uwf:"bAef"w/}}(Xrf,? 283/) ehbof./

ayj:cdkef:vAyf;pAef:wlnf: ymefykwf.xqof;qdkif ref:qof; Olifrdkwf;bl,qgrf: wlef;rh.wlef;wguf,e[:xdlef,e[:cdlof:sw."/ bgef.ydlof;oj; ref:yAefwD;Omif,xkuf,wj,ulef:pof:? ref:qdkef;O[?trf,tleftrf,arj: Oof:vh;edrfbAefvD eef.bof./ xldef,vlifrdlof;ymefeef.auj; vmwf;yj:oh.e[:vduf;ydwumwf;wif:erfwif:vmh? qdlif.eif,xldef,vlifrpj,oef, wD;rdlif:ao,Oj,vD,eef.vkuf.wD;cSyf,oAif:aO bmof:uGmif;ugj,awj,ayj:xdkifwdefvghpdroef,wj, ehbof./ xdlef,tef,xoef, wD;oAif:Oj,owf.xdeef.qrf. rD:wlef;rh.wlef;wguf, wefvDej,sv; vyf:Odif, rdkwf.ukrf;bl,aO," qif,qyf:qdkof;oj; ]]tefXoe-xdlef,ejwef}} ehbof./ vdlofeef. bif:rD:yj,xdlef,xSif;wif:erfwif:vmh qdlif.eif, xldef,auj:Odif,u? xdlef,OD,woe? xdlef,rduwj,oef,qugj,qdlof:eh.bof./ vdlofeef.qrf. vh;pefykwf.xqof; bl,Oof:qgrf: uRif:yj,rh.wif:erfwif:vmh qdlif.eif, yj,rh.rmuf,rlif; (trfYoe)?yj,rh.olof, (aoVkoe)? yj,rh.rdkef; (edqkvoe)?yj,rh.yof: (Ojvoe) ehqugj,qdlof:eh.bof./vdlofeef. eif,pdkofawuBmif.urfTwj: vh;vDeef.ykwf.xqof; bif:wdkuf:Olef: P;Ipef:cofugj,bl,qgrf: e[:xdlef,? e[:idlyf,e[:xrf; sv;w[;wlef;rh. qdlof:eh.bof./

xSif;wD;edkif; tefvmwf;vlnf; vgif;Odefxrf: yAefiof;ij, wj,pAwf:P;Orj,xd? odywf.Oej,nmef, cdkef;b[,wdlof:wgef:eef. ykwf.xqof; tofwif:wlef;rh.aO seyef ydlifwSuf;ref:bof./ wlef;rh.eh. ayj:udif,cj;zdlofo[ref:(OjcjyvjO) vkqdkif cguf,ref:(yy#duj) qmif;vkqgrf:bof.? ayj:cguf,ref:vkauj; eifref:

51qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

(wq)eef. qmif;vkqgrf:bof.? ayj:eifref:vkauj; edlof.ref:(zAUfUk)eef. qmif;arjvkarjpSif;qgrf:bof.? ayj:edlof.ref: vkpSif;auj;vgef.ref:(OjI)eef. qmif;vkqgrf:uefrlwf:bof./ rdlefeefeif,uof, vgif;uBmif.wmif:urfOduf;cj,Omrfydlif e[:Oj,Oej,eh.auj; ayj:OD,v vkqdkif Orj,xdauj; vkqgrf:? ayj:Orj,xdvkauj; bxjZlwWOfOenmef,(wmif:pktefpefqgrf: ySif;eif,öyf;emrf,Oif,cj,IyAefvk)eef. qmif;vkqgrf:bof.? ayj:bxjZlwWOfOenmef, (odywf.Oej,nmef,ekrf, ehauj;oj;)eef. vkauj; edYfYdWjodIjUnmef, (wmif:pk tefrdlof,qmef; cdlof:öyf;emrf,Oif,cj,IaO trf,rD:q[wdwf:Mh; w[:c[;vh;ref:)eef. qmif;vkqgrf:bof.? ayj:edYfYdWjodIjUnmef,(edYfYdWj,nmef,eh. yAefodywf.Oej,nmef, tefsu,rmuf;sv; odIj,unmef, Orf.yAefrmuf;nmef, ehbof.)eef. vkauj; odrkwfwdnjEWOfOenmef, trf,eef zlof,nmef,yqfqoAufcEj,nmef,eef. qmif;vkqgrf:uefrlwf:bof./

ydlifwSuf;wD;eh; OD,veh. rdlefeif, udif,cj;zdlofrh.? Orj,xdqrf. rdlefeif, cguf,rh.? bxj-ZlwWOfOenmef,qrf. rdlefeif, eifrh.?edYfYdWj odIjUnmef,qrf. rdlefeif, edlof.rh.?odrkwfwd njEWOfOenmef,qrf. rdlefeif,vgef.rh. eef.bof./

xSif;wD;edkif;qrf. tofwlef;rh.pkif:vlifpAwf:wlofbmif,ref:aOsv; vmwf;se vgif;zl;rD: Owf.xj,Twj:eef. yAefwD;ulef:wif:erf vh;ydkif;tdifehbof./ rdlefeif, wlef;rh.pkif:vlif wlef;edkif; tefrD:bl,wD;wmif:azeef.

yAefwD;eluf.eleh,qgef;cof wif:erf vh;ydkif;tdifsv; zl;rD:Owf.xj,Twj:vDeef.auj;yAefwD; zduf.ck? zduf.ckeD? tkyj,Ouj,? tkyj,Oduj, zl;ulef:vDcof vh;ydkif;tdifbof./ uGmrf:xkif:auj; rD:oh.oj; ]]rh.wlef;b[, ab;wlef;? eluf.rlef;rdkef,OSefwlof}} ehbof./ zl;rD:Owf.xj,Twj:eh. rD:zgef:vD pj;bdlif; qdlif.eif, 1. Oyf.ykIdO zl;ulef:vDcof rD:rAwf.wj, bkuf.bgif;wlnf:xdkifyef? 2. Oyf.ykIdO zl;ulef:vDcofuh.cof;tguf,pjq[:? 3. Oyf.ykIdO zl;ulef:vDcofuh.pyf.cmrf,wkif:tof clof:vl,wmif:wmef: wrf;zl;rD:Owf.xj,? 4. Oyf.ykIdO zl;ulef:vDcofuh.apj:seTwj:? 5. omh:aOvkpmh whmugj,auj;zl;rD:Owf.xj,Twj:vDeh. wuf:Mwf;xdkifwD;OkuwdOdlof:Oj,uwf:bAefeh qdlof:eh.bof./

bgef.ydlof;wlef;rh.eh. ref:vrf,vgif; wj,ymefulef:pof:sw.sv; e[:acj;Oif,Ogefykwf.xqof;auj; vh;peftofpAwf:wlof,bmif,ref:aO Oyf:vSif:seTwj: P;ulef:pof:ayj:ygif,q[vh;imh;eef.bof./ wlef;rh.eh. ayj:wlnf:eif, tefref:rD:zgef:vD wj,ymefulef:pof:wif:erfwif:vmheef.qdkif wSyf:wwf:uj;cefref:ayj:trf,vh;bof./ ayj:ulef:pof: tgefuefarjoh.uj;cefref:qdkif wlif,odlif:pof:sv; e[:urf,zj,tefpof:bl,eh. wuf:awOdlof:Oj,uwf:bAefvlnf;qgrf: Ozj,ozdif;zIj,OD, erf.vdefpdefzjbl,eef.bof./

qmif:ax:

edyf.ymef,arjOgefOSifrdlif:ukwf;

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E EEE

53qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

Ij, owf;wkuf.cwif:vlifvh;ehtldof;/ wj,awrD:yh,nj,vh;eif,eheh. vkuf;pAef:pof:cof awvh;vAyf;pAef:xSif;wif:erfugef,tldof;/ rldof;vAofsw. eif,pkdofvkuf;pAef:pof:cof awygif,q[imh;eef. arjOgefawtofyldifwSuf; tefpefqSif;vh;eef.aO awOyf:vSif:ae vgif;vh;xlyf:pefedyf.ymef, Okdof;ej;wef:wjeh.aOugef,}}

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]]wj,awuGj,ql:edyf.ymef,eh. awvh; uGj,qgrf:OAef;wmif: rqf.qdrywdywj, tefMif.oj; OAef;wmif:ymefumif? tefvh;tofrmuf;umif,ySwf;yldifeef.aOuGjbof./

rmuf,umif,ySwf;yldif tefoj;eef.~

1. OrfrjWd#f$d- wmif:pef tefrmef,rSef;/

2. OrfrjOifuyfy- wmif:olef.tefrmef,rSef;/

3. Orfrjojqj- wmif:vmwf;tefrmef,rSef;/

4. Orfrjurfrefw-wmif:pAwf:tefrmef,rSef;/

5. OrfrjtjQDo-umefvAif.wgif.tefrmef,rSef;/

6. Orfrjojbjr-wmif:cwf:q[tefrmef,rSef;/

7. OrfrjOwd- Owdtefrmef,rSef;/

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Omrfyldiftldof;/ Orf,rj,oj,qj,? Orf,rj,urf,ref,w sv; Orf,rj,tj,qD,oOmrfyldifeh. cof;yj:e[:OD,vrmuf;umif,tldof;/ Orf,rj,oj,bj,r? Orf,rj,Owdsv; Orf,rj,Orj,xdOmrfyldifeh.Orf. cof;yj:e[:Orj,xdrmuf;umif,eef.bof./ Orf,rj,wdwf.xdsv; Orf,rj,Oif,uyf.yeh.Orf. yAefyh,nj,rmuf;umif,ehtldof;/ Tzj:yAefqof;pof:apj:oh.oj; ayj:uBmif.urfqgrf:vh; vmh:uBmif.urfOD,v?Orj,xd? yh,nj, Oduf.cj,ykuf;Omrfyldifeh. P;wArfxlef;vDvDehqkdif wkdef:oj;awvh;xlyf:pefvgif;uwf:bAefqSwf;qmif,eef.bl,ehtldof;/eif,pkdofvkuf;pAef:pof:cof ayj:awwgif:rmhuGj,vh;eef. pof:tgefuefoj;aOugef,}}

rl dof;vh;q[.vkuf;pAef:tgef,cof oj;qgrf:tmef,qgrf:aO q[.cBj.yefuefckdef:eef. vh;pefvkuf;pAef:tgef,cof cof;q[cof;acj: oj;qgrf:zAef;"bl,sv; e[:q[auj.yAefarjOgefeh. vh;qlrf:Oldof:qgrf:oh.sw."bl,bof./ Omhq[arjOgefeh. tdif,eldofvkuf;pAef:oh.bl,bof.vl:/

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54 qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

auj;}} oj;ehaO tgefuefolef.uGmifbl,sv;arjOgeftgef,auj; vh;bkrf.xSif;urf:ekdif;bl,/ugyf;cofvh;Ogefoh.oj; ]awvmwf;tkdeferf.vmh:auj.qmh:olef.qgwf,qgwf,}ehsv; vkuf;pAef:tgef,qldof:eh. ayj:oj;coftrf,yh,N.ygif,qSif;"vSif:"qkdif trf,arjvj;vD;vmwf;ydef.vmwf;ySwf;aO yefacj;ref;uSef,vh;imh;imh;sO;/

]]ayj:eh eif,pkdofvkuf;pAef:cof awqSif;vSif:vDeef. awckdef:Oyf:vSif:se acj;v[acj;eef.? pof:rj:xwf:Omifwlnf:OD,vrmuf;umif,eheef. tgefwmif:aOugef,? OD,vtefoj;eef. vkuf;pAef:pof:cof vh;Ogefoh.bof.? yAeftD;Oif wgyf,searjOgefvl:}}

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55qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

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]]tkdrf:J vgif;uGmef:xdif:vh; uj,burf,oqD,urf, raej:urf,Omrfyldifeh. bj,P;vh;pAwf:rSef;umeftrf,vD? so;vh;umeftukOlofbof.ehqkdif vh;oj;yAefOrf,rj,Oxdbof./ ayj:oj;rD:Oxdrmef,rSef;rj:bof.qkdif wlofauj;awedrfref;rj: vgif;vmwf;wmif:qjauj; awedrfref;rj: q[auj;awedrfref;rj:bl,bof.? vgif;edrfref;eef. Mif.oj;Orj,xdbof./ ulef:rD:Orf,rj,Orf,rj,xdeef. z[z[auj; eyf.brfcofbl,bof.? urf:eh. tefvlof,Oyf:vSif: ukdwf:xSif;vmhtef̀ }}

]]atj;~ ukdwf:xSif;Ogiftefulnf:bof.atj;? Orf,rj,wdwf.xdsv;Orf,rj,Oif,uyf.y}}

]]q[;tldof;~ eef.Orf. yAefyh,nj,ruf;umif,ehbof.? yh,nj,tefoj;eh. yAefnmef, tefqmif;pAwf:P;pof:tgif,ay.cmrf;ylef.vh; wmif:bmyf,zkdwf,ul;vgif;eef.bof./ nmef,yh,nj,eh.Orf.qSuf,vh;xSif;Omrfyldif (1) nmef,Okwrb-yAefnmef,tefvh;vAyf;pAef:N.pefrj:eef.yldifekdif;? (2) nmef,qdef,wj,rb- yAefnmef,tefarjolef.Omif,cBmif,qgrf:eef.yldifekdif;?(3) nmef,zj,oej,rb- yAefnmef,teftofq[N.pefqgrf:vh; vgif;qkdof;q[;rmef,rSef; qSif;"vSif:"eef.yldifekdif;bof./

e[:uj; rmuf;umif,ySwf,yldifeh. vgif;awvh;rD:Orf,rj,wdwf.xd wmif:pefxkdifrmef,rSef;eh.vrf,vgif;vldofaOyldef;bof./ ayj:wmif:pefxkdifzdwf:yldif;uGj,qkdif vgif;olef.? vgif;pAwf:? vgif;vmwf;? vgif;cwf:q[O[,pSif:qdlof:eef. qmif;zdwf:yldif;uGj,qgrf:wif:rlwf:eef.bof./ vgif;rD:q[Owf.xj,bkrf,brfeldof Tzj: Twj: Oif,cj,aOpefxkdifoj; vgif;vDvgif;pmh. tefvh;yAefrj:wif:OAif;eh. yAefugyf; bgef. wgef: (apwkzv - pAwf, zlef) tuRif: tuBLof: umrf, tefwlofqof;uof, bmrf;pAwf:bmrf;Omif;rj:eef.bof.ehaO arjygif,q[rj:eef. yAef Orf,rj,wdwf.xdbof./ ayj:wmif:pefxkdif rmef,rSef;rj:bof.sw. awarjxwf:Omif tefvD tefqj.?awarjwSyf:wwf: vgif;zdwf: vgif;xkuf,aOawolef.uBmrf,vgif;vDulnf:bof./ awrD:q[arjolef.Ogef,awj,yl def;rj:? awrD:q[vDrSwf.wj, olef.c[;qgh;xSrfawj,yl def;rj:sv;

56 qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

vh;oj;yAefOrf,rj,Oif,uyf.ybof./ ugyf;eh ayj:xgrf,tof acj;Oif,OgefTzj:yAefqof;pof:aOuBmif.urfpAwf:qgrf: vmh:uBmif.urfOD,v? Orf,rj,xd?yh,nj,Omrfyldifeh.wArfxlef;ehqkdif edyf.ymef,tefoj;eef. qgif,awuhugef,pkdof}}

]]trf,uhbof.cj;}}

]]ulnf:uj;oj; N.bl,trf,uh,ehaOwj. OifOrf. trf,uBmif.qgrf:vh;auj; qgif,awMwf;vh;imh;imh;bl,pkdof}}

]]awtrf,Mwf;vh;cj;}}

]]eif,pkdofvkuf;pAef:cof awygif,q[uGj, vlif."vSif:"eef. arjOgefawvh;tofOif wSuf;aevj,eh.}} oj;ehbof. arjOgeftgef, bif.ukdwf: acj;uGmrf:ref:aO buf.bArf;wlnf: ej;wj,vkuf;pAef:tgef,ref:qldof:eef. cof;q[cof;acj: eif,pmif;c[;N.ej,bof.sv; qif,vh;qdse wlofuof,ref:ckdef:aO Okdyf,oj;~

]]atj;~ N.bof. wlnf:tofqmwf;ymefarjOgefulnf:sv; arjOgefrD:wmif:pefxkdifoj;umefvh;pAwf:arjOgefeh. yAefumefxSrfOmif;yj,IrD,? yAefumefvDukOlof,? yAefumefqgh;xSrfqldof.qmwf;qmof:cldof:ehbof./ tefeh. vh;oj;yAefOrf,rj,wdwf.xd- wmif:pefxkdiftefrmef,rSef;bl,bof./

urf:eh. qgrf:vlnf;ej;umefarjOgefaOsv; eif,pkdofawOif,Ogefvkuf;pAef: P;ayj:cSrf.vSyf;vh; ul;vgif;eef. vh;pjvAyf;pAef: vh;olef.vh;uBmrf, P;yAefvgif;vDoh.bl,wj,aOtldof;?eh.auj; vh;oj;yAefOrf,rj,Oif,uyf.u- wmif:olef.tefxkuf,rSef;bl,bof./

ugyf;oj; arjOgefeh. awvh;yAefwD; wSuf;

eldif:wj,vkuf;pAef:ehsv; uj;yAefvgif;trf,vDwif:vlifeef. arjOgefvh;cwf:q[ildif.so;bl,?vh;cwf:q[pAwf:P;yAefumefvDbl,? eh.Orf.yAefOrf,rj,urf,ref,w- wmif:pAwf: tefxkuf,rSef;bof.aej/

ugyf;arjOgef cwf:q[vmwf;uGmrf:qkdof;q[;trf,ySwf.trf,vSefz[? trf,uof:trf,bof.z[?trf,vmwf;qj. vmwf;vlvmhawj,z[? trf,vmwf;uGmrf:rofuGmrf:zmif:sv; uGmrf:vmwf; arjOgefeh. vDbkrf,brfoh.bl,trf,q[;pkdof}}

]]atj;cj;~ cj;pof:cofbkrf,brf uGmrf:vmwf;arjOgefpof:sw.sw.atj;}}

]]tkdrf:~ tefeh. ugyf;arjOgefpAwf:qgrf:Orf,rj,oj,qj,eef.ej,}}

ugyf;oj; arjOgefeh. trf,q[;ulef:udefikdef:Nofvldef cgifvlifygifqkdif;aOsv; arjOgef vh;pyf.tof ikdef:ayj;sr;vkuf;pAef:pof:cof qkvkrf:wkrfuefaO yefrj:eef.sv; rmifyguf;vh;olef.rSef;oj; rldefuefwif:rj:cmhudefyh,nj,oh.pkdof ehaO vh;q[vAuf.qgrf:bl,aOwj. vh;bjq[ckdef:oj; ikdef:tefeh. trf,q[;oj;wj,q[.Okef,wlofyAefwj,wgyf,wSef: ukif,rkefau:ql:ayj;sr;bof.? vldofaOeef. vgif;pAwf:umefarjOgefeh. trf,rD:wmif:zdwf:Oifsv; arjOgefbkrf,brfoj; awyAefumefOrf,rj,tj,qD,obl,ehbof./

uyf:umh,vlnf; vgif;OgefpAef:aOauj; arjOgef trf,Mef,wgef.bmrf;tgh,rgh;rj:aOyguf;?umefvh;pAwf:arjOgefeh. yAefumeftefarjOgefOlefq[ej,ej,sv; wj,awvh;Ogefyefvkuf;pAef:cofeh. wkdef:oj; vh;wlif.wkdef,vSwf:

57qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

OSof: qlrf:Oldof:oh.bl,wj,aObof./ ugyf;wmif:cwf:q[arjOgefrmef,rSef;sv; trf,rD:vgif;cDvgif;iofOif? eh.vh;oj; yAefOrf,rj,oj,bj,rbl,bof.trf,pkdof/

arjOgefrj:bl,wD;omef;eh.aO OgefpAef:yefvkuf;pAef:pof:cofbl,eh. rD:rj:cmof:wmif:pj;yDymhbof.? trf,bmrf;yAefvgif;qAyf: vgif;rmwf,tD;Oif? trf,ch;trf,emofaOyguf;? trf,bmrf;vkwf;pAef: qkwf;pAef:rj:aOoef:? tefeh.ugyf;arjOgefrD:Owdzmif.ymh:bl,vD? vgif;bl,vgif;Oof:? vgif;umefpAef:aw,uGj, eif,pkdofawvgwf;wmif:se:yldef; ul;Orf,OSefydlifeef. vh;zmif.wlofoh.bl,wj,aOsv; vh;oj;rD:Orf,rj,Owdrj:bl,zgif;bof./

eif,pkdofawukdif,wmef, wif:qkdof;OAif arjOgefauj.ekdif; ukef:rkefarjOgefauj.ekdif;eef. aw,qArfvgif;pAwf: vgif;vmwf; vgif;ch;q[ wif:Omrfyldifeef. vh;rD:Owd zmif.wlofoh.bl,wj,aOsv; arjOgefeh. vh;rD:tdif,waI,Oduf.cj, edrfref;vldofaO ulef:xrf,rwj,cofbl,bof.? eh.auj; awvh;oj; rD:Orf,rj,xdoh.bl,bof. trf,q[;pkdofvj,/

ugyf;eh awvh;oj; arjOgefzSofbl,eldofOAef;wmif:rmuf;umif,bl,bof.sv; qif,vh;uwf:bAefvldofaO ulef:wmif,auj.oh.bl,bof./ eh.yAefavj:uD,uwf:bAef ykef;wj,ulef:ykxkqef,pof:cofbof./ tefyAefedyf.ymef,qSwf;" wgef;wj,tIdbj,ykuf.ulofcofqof; teftrf,rD:q[tgh,Mh;eldof tj,Ilif,uj,rukif,Oifbof.eef.sw.cSef:vh;uwf:qkdef;bAefq[sw."eef.bof.}}

]]ygif,q[rj:bof.cj; arjOgef? eif,arjOgef

zSofvh;eldofOAef;wmif:rmuf;umif,eef. pof:cj;vkuf;pAef:auj; zSofMwf;vh;eldofOAef;wmif:rmuf,umif,bl,atj;}}

vkuf;pAef:tgef,auj.ekdif; cmefrj:eif,ehsv; arjOgeftgef,vh;bkrf.aO xmrfckdef:bl,/

]]P:~ oj;aw.pj. ygif,q[eif,pkdof vmwf;serj:wlnf:vl:}}

yluf:wif:edof.rkdof:tgef,aO vkuf;pAef:tgef,auj.edkif; vmwf;rj:pwf:pwf:bl,/

]]wgef;wj,vkuf;pAef:auj.edkif;eh. awvh;bkrf,brfoj; yh,nj,eh.yAefyldifvlif awpAwf:P;qmwf;ymefpof:ckdef;b[,? ayj:rD:yh,nj, awcmrf;ylef.vh; wmif:bmyf,zkdwf,ul;vgif;" eh.yAefOrf,rj,wdwfxdatj;/

eif,pkdof yh,nj,awwldof:wgef:rj:eef.awvh;olef.uBmrf, vAyf;pAef:pjwmif:N. P;yAefvgif;vD eh.Orf. yAefOrf,rj,Oif,uyf.yatj;/

awvh;pAwf:qgrf: umefpAef:zAef;" awvh;pAwf:qgrf:ykef;zgef:z[ref:? awvh;bdyf:urfOdefpj;OAef; eh.auj; yAefOrf,rj,urf,ref,watj;/

awtrf,vh;zdwf:zSuf,xAifuef? bof.bguf,uof:uef? ySwf.vSefawj,uefaO awvh;vmwf;qgrf: Orf,rj,oj,qj,atj;/

wkduf.yAefymefvkuf;pAef:sv; yh,qmif;pAwf:umefvAif.wgif.vh;aOwj. bj,ayvuf.udef pif:yldef;? bj,aybgef:yldef;udef? bj,aypdrfyldef;udef qif,awyAefOrf,rj,tj,qD,oatj;/

cwf:q[O[,pSif: wlif.wkdef,vSwf:OSof: ySwf;wmif:cmef.wmif:tldef qif,awyAefvkuf;pAef:

58 qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

uwf.cSef, vgwf;cgef.vgwf;wmrf,vh; eh.yAefugyf;rD:Orf,rj,oj,bj,ratj;/

eif,pkdof awtrf,vh;wluf:wSrf, wluf:abj;yldef;eef. awvh;rD:Owd zmif.wlofoh.wj,aO, eif,pkdofawvgwf;az:cAeful;rAof:eef.awvh;rD:Orf,rj,Owdatj;/

awvh;rD:Orf,rj,xd edrfwlofedrfq[ yuf:q[O[,e[:umefpAef:vDvDaO bj,P;q[pof: oif,oldof;uGj,wmif:v[ qif,awvh;oj; yAefvkuf;pAef: rD:Orf,rj,Orj,xdatj;/

ayj:oj; pAwf:qgrf:rmuf,umif,ySwf,yldif wArfxlef;qkdif qif,awvh;oj; yAefvkuf;pAef:pkyf;vh;avj:uD,uwf:bAefeef.bof.atj;}}

]]tvldnf:H uwf.cSef,aw.bof. qmh:"}}

arjOgeftgef, vh;bgif;tmrf: wlyf:rkdof:yefpSif:vkuf;pAef:tgef,ref: tefvmwf;uGmrf:cSef,ej,eh.bl,/

]]ymyf.Jymyf.Jymyf.Jymyf.J ymyf.J}}

OAifwlyf:rkdof:vkuf;pAef:tgef,cofauj; vh;viftguf,rj: qgrf:uefwif:Mif;pAef:bl,bof./

]]arjOgefbkrf,brfoj; vkuf;pAef:pof:cofawygif,q[ckdef: acj;xmrfz[ref:bl,bof.ehtldof;? urf:eh. arjOgefawckdef:xmrf vkuf;pAef:pof:cofwgyf,yefvl: edyf.ymef,tefoj;eh. rD:wD;v[̀ }}

]]rD:wD;e[:q[[pof:ulnf:atj;}} OAifacj;wgyf,vkuf;pAef:tgef,cof arj:vifrj:zAif,zAif,sv;arjOgeftgef,vh;bkrf.vlifuGj,bl,/

yD,wd wmif:Oldof:Oj,rAof:ekdif;auj; vkuf.wD;rmuf,Nofq[aO eif,pmif;vh;qkdrf:qgwf,uGj, wif:

wlofbl,/ yAefvgif;cknf.pef teftofOifrj:wSuf;eldif:auj; awtrf,vh;eef.bof./ ykef;wj,ulef:qmof:cldof: udlof:brfykwf.xpof:eh. edyf.ymef,tefoj;eef. yAefwj;bldif:rmhvlif tefOkifOkwf:eef.bof./ ykef;wj,arjOgefpof:cofauj; vgif;vkuf;pAef:tgef,pof:cof N.arj ygif,q[uGj,qgrf:pof:vh;vDvDeh. yAefwj;bldif:rmhvliftefOkifOkwf:eef.bl,bof./ trf,yh,yAefvh;qof;tIdbj,ykuf.ulof,aOsv; wj,awN.pefvh; vgif;edyf.ymef,qSwf;qmif, tefoj;eef.trf,yh,yAefvh;ehaOwj.~

arjOgeftgef, vh;vgrfvgrfvmwf;wlnf:wD;e[:q[ref:bl,~

]]eh.bof.blof. tefyAefedyf.ymef, wj,qmwf;ymef arjOgef}} ehaO-

(OSifrl di f:ukwf;)

zgif:bmrf:vkuf;sw,udlwf, sr;vh;Ndwf,q[qgrf: Nrf;Mrf:ayj;wif:sr; vkuf;bl,su;rAwf.wj, puf.wgef:ej,vdlofq[ ul;oef:e[qlrf:ySif: xSrfpSif:vkuf;ayj:b[, vh;O[,q[vkrf:vj: pdkifrj:vkuf;sy.wlof ayj;wif:sr;clofbkrf. puf.qkrf.eSef;Oof:pdkif awj,xdkifayj:OAif;umrf,ugj,bof./

(qof;tIdb ukif:Oj,? vj;OAof;)

Nrf;iof:ayj;wif:sr;

acj;uGmrf:tefoj; ]]xkdof}}eh. rmifxkif.rmifwD;awqfG.aO rmifxkif.rmiftgif; Orf.trf,qfG.sv; awqmif;rD:vgif;uGifqfGoh.zgif;/ xdkof-eh. wD;eh; trf,qfG;acj;uGmrf: tefoj; ejxkdof/ygif,oj; ]]eyf.xkdof? eyf.brf? ulofbrf? bkrf,brf}} ehbof./ cfG;oj; eyf.xkdofaO awvh;xgrf,qgrf:tof? awvh;pAwf:qgrf: trf,yldif;trf,zdwf:ehbl,bof;/ acj;tefoj; ]]wkdof}} eh.sw.awygif,qSif;vSif:qfGuefbl,ul;wD;wD;/ wD;eh.auj; cfG;oj; ]]wkdof? rkdefckdofwkdof? vldofuGmrf:? oj;bmyf,aO trf,xgrf,Olyf:tofuGmrf:? trf,pAwf:qgrf:?Omefcwf:}}eh eif,uof,bof;/

xkdof qgrf:ogif,rSef;wmif:

vgif;eyf.xkdof eyf.brfaO yl,aqj,rl:qj:eh. efG:rif,uvj,Twj:auj; ]]ylQj q ylQae-bBje>}}eh cof;yj:oh.acj;ekdif;bl,/ bgef.yldof;pof:eyf.xdkofsv; qif,oh.vgif;uj,Io eyf.brfyl,aqj,rl:qj:bof;/ tefyAefayj;sr;? TOj,Orj:? ulef:xof;ulef:su,? yD;thm;yD;emif:? tlnf:auj.tlnf:sO; qldof:tefvlif.vSef, vSwf:zhmrD:wmif:N.erfwmif:pefuGmif; vldofpof: aOcfG;P;pof: yAefzl;ulef:vDuwf.cSef, vh;vDvh;yAef uwf:bAefaO Oif,ygef;Ogefyefpof:eef. ayj:pof:xgrf,tofuGmrf:cofaO pAwf:qgrf:eif,cofymuf;vgif;sewmif:yef pof:eef.

eh pof:auj; awyAefulef:vDulef:uBj. ulef:vSwf:rj:bl,trf,pmif./ tefeh. vh;oj; eyf.xkdofqgrf:ogif,rSef;wmif:ref:ehbof;/

vgif;eyf.xdkofeh.auj; vlof,arjvlduf;pjzl;tefukdif,vDeyf.xkdof? acj;uGmrf:tefukdif,vDxgrf,tof? vgif;wmif:ej;umef tefukdif,vDpAwf:qgrf: qldof:eh.bl,/ ayj:yAefehugef, qif,awrD:zgef:vD wif:Ogifyj;Ogif,zhm,bof./ xrf,rTwj:tefrkefcrf:Tzj:yAefqof;pof: Oif,Ogefoh.vgif;bl,Oof:? wkdof:urf wmif:uBmif.wmif:urfrSwf;qldof:eef. ref:yefzgef:vD wj,zoqof;uof,awvh;yAefzl;vDulef:rSwf;sv; ukdif,vDeyf.xdkof wkdof:urf pAwf:Omif;qgrf: sw.sw.oj;oj;bl,bof./ Tzj:? Twj:? Oif,cj, Iwej,uSof;rSwf;wif:Omrfeh. wkdef:vlof,vh; eyf.xkdofsv;ayj:eyf.xkdofeh yAefvgif;xkdof qgrf:ogif,rSef;wmif:ref:bof./ vldofeef. ayj;sr;? TOj,?zl;bfG,ulef:vlif yD;yD;egif.egif. zl;rD:wmif:N.bfG, wif:pefuGmif;cof qD.qrf;OifOgefyefwj,P;yAefykef;ymif;zgef:vD wif:Ogifyj;Ogifzhm,eef. uk dif,vDxgrf,tof pAwf:Omif;qgrf:bl,bof./

rD:xSif; tefulef:wif:erf pefxkdifoj;ukdif,vDeyf.xkdof rldefeif, zDxgwf;zDrSwf; zDwif:erfwif:vhm qldof:eh.vl:ugef,/ ayj:wlnf:efG:ykdef:Oj,Oej,eh vhm:eyf.xkdofzDeh. vlof,Olif,rAwf.wj,yefwduf:"ulnf:/ olef.uGmif;uGmif; aOP;arjeyf.xkdof qgrf:ogif,rSef:wmif:ref: eef.yAefyldifvlif tefekdif;bl,bof./

xkdof sv; wkdofqof;eef,awj:zj,O (qgrfOSif)

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

qAifcrf:vSif: 1 1 1 1 160xkdof trf,qgrf:ogif,rSef;wmif:

ayj;sr; TOj,qldof:eh. cf G;P;vkuf;vmif:vkuf;egif. vuf:vSr fOSrf:uj; yAefulef:vDuwf.cSef, ul;auj.ehbl,/ ulnf:uj; rmifqldof:tdifedlofOhmihmiof:vhm: ul;Omrful;yldifaO trf,cfG;P; vkuf;vmif: vkuf;egif. zmwf,uGj, pjpAef:ynf,nj,? pjpAwf:umefwD;uhaO cfG;P;bl,Nrf;Mrf:qgrf:cofoh.wj,aO,/ vkuf;vmif: vkuf;egif.auj;Orf.eyf.xkdof ayj;sr; TOj,ej,aO trf,pwf:vldofuGmrf:? trf,qmif;uGj,wmif:vfG/ qmif;yAefuGj,]]vkuf;puf.yAefvkuf;qif:? crf:vSifyAefxmef,rD;}}ugef,bof./ vgif;eyf.xkdof qldif.eheh. trf,wluf:ogif,rSef:wmif:ref: aOtrf,uj: yhmyj:wlofqof;uof, trf,vh;vAyf; pAef:wmif;N.wmif:pef rldefyldef;? trf,uwf.cSef,vSef,zhmaO yAefbl,yuf:uof,yldifuof,eef.ulnf:bof;/ ayj:Omif,trf,xkuf,rj: qmif;arjuGj,eyf.xkdofrSef; TOj,zdwf:?tlnf:auj.tlnf:aO;zdwf:aO eyf.xkdof vgif;bl, wmif:Oof: vgif;pAwf:wmif:Omif;cof tgeftofuefcof;uGj, yj,vof;yj,bj; cj;ymef,zoqof;uof, ayj:yAefzof,yAefzgif; uGj,eef.ugef,bof./ wlnf:tof ckefapjcrf: tqj,qOwf;uGj,eyf.xkdofrSef; qof;aw,owwf;aO bkrf,brfpyf.pAwf:qgrf: acj;Oif,Ogef qof;aw,owwf;sv; xkdifwD;ayj:vh;tofayj;ref:whmvl:ugef,/

wkdof qgrf:ogif,rSef;wmif:

wD;tefxkdof trf,qgrf:ogif,rSef;wmif:ref:eef. ayj:tof wdkof eh. ykwf;wmifOfG,ehckdef:awyAefzgef:vDrj:vh;bl,/ ayj;sr; TOj,uh.sv,pmrf;OD: vkuf;vmif:vkuf;egif.cof wj,

awuGj,pAef:ynf,nj, wmif,wD;OD,vSefeef.oj; yDej;yDvkdef:ugef, qif,ugh;uGj,? rdlof;vfG ikdef:ukrfumefwef: qif,awOlif,uGj, pAwf:eh qldif.pdkifcmof:bmrf: pmrf:vkwf;yof,uGj,ySwf;vhmvhmauj;rD:wif:erf/ qldof:tefwdkofaO tguf,uGj,pjpAef:aO uwf.cSefvSef,zhmrj:auj; rD:wif:erf,bl,eif,uof,/ zl;tefbmrf;wlofxlyf:rj: awqmif;ckdef:Okdyf,ch;sebl,/ qdlof:tefeyf.xdkofrSef;TOj, tlnf:auj.tlnf:aO; teftrf,qgrf;ogif,rSef;wmif:eef. wkdofaO vgwf;tguf,rj: yAefulef:vDulef:uBj.uGj,auj; awj;rD:bl,/

ayj:wlnf: efG:ykdef:Oj,Oej,auj; rldof;qof;OD,xmwf; awtguf,ugj,uBmif.urf wj,awyAefTzj:eef. ayj;qof;au:ql:ref: trf,cfG;yefuGj,aOwj. ref:qhm: wkdofaO tguf,bmefuGj,uBmif.urfsv; qif,vh;xkdifyAefTzj:rj:bof./acj;Oif,Ogef? acj;qD.Oif? acj;wkduf:Olef:teftrf,vD eef. ukdif,vDwkdofaO trf,pAwf:qgrf: so;tguf, P;ayj:vgwf;vh;eh eh.auj; yAefvgif;wkdof qgrf:ogif,rSef;wmif:ref:bl,bof;/

acj; uGmrf:tefoj; ]]cwf:qfG}}eh.auj; vh;oj;yAef vgif; wkdof qgrf:ogif,rSef;wmif:ref:tefedkif;bl,/ qfGcmef.qfGtldef? qfGcfG;bl,ihm;udefvlrf? qfGcfG;auBj,cfG;rlef; qgrf:vlnf;wmif:auBj,rlef;Odlof: rkdwf;ruf.vlnf; qfGwefpj Ij,uuj,rukif,tjöif, sw,uGj,qldof:eef. cwf:ySwf;(trf,pAwf:qgrf:)ref:sv; qif,oj; cwf:qfGehbof./ awj;eef ayj: wkdof ySwf; qfGtefoj;rj:qldof:eh.auj; N.awj;awvD vgwf;wmif:cDeSifrdlof:ej;sv; qif,oj; vgif; wkdoftefeh.auj;rSef;qgrf:ogif,qgrf:wmif:ref:bl,ehbof./

qAifcrf:vSif: 1 1 1 1 1 61wkdof trf,qgrf:ogif,rSef;wmif:

wD;tefukdif,vDeyf.xdkof qgrf:ogif,rSef;wmif:ref:eef. Orf.trf,xgrf,qgrf:? trf,pAwf:qgrf:eh vh;oj; wkdof trf,qgrf:ogif, rSef;wmif:ref:bof./ vgif;wkduf:Olef: P;pAwf:umefvD? pAwf:zgef:vD wj,ykef;ymif; ulef:wif:erfqldof:eef. trf,pAwf:qgrf:OifaO bl,yof,pmrf:vhm udefcof;yfG.oef:whmbl,qldif.eefeef. vh;oj; yAefulef:wkdofauj.edkif;eif,uof,bof./ vkuf;vmif: trf,xgrf,uGmrf: ayj;sr;?vkuf;egif. trf,xgrf,uGmrf:TOj, rifuGj,urf;ygif,urf;yAef? yAefcAefawj,qldof.cldof: yD;egif. qldof:eef. yAefvgif;wkdof trf,qgrf:ogif,rSef;wmif:ref:sv; vlof,vh;tgefuefso; vgif;wif:wkdoftefeh.bl,/

vgif;wkdof trf,qgrf:ogif,rSef; wmif:ref:eh.ref:rj:yAefzgef:phm. wif:Ogifyj; Ogifzhm,sw.sw./ rdlefeif, vkuf;vmif: trf, xgrf,qgrf:uGmrf:ayj;sr; wkdofaO uGj,yAef cD;vof; cD;bj;qldof:eef. ayj;srj;auj; vh;rh;qfGqgrf: ul;cmof:bmrf:?wlofcD;vof;cD;bj;qldo f:eef.auj; trf,r D:vgif:wmif:uwf:bAefOldof:qfGaOyguf;? ukrfvh;aOj.Oguf;pjwof vuf.tofclof:Ndef:ab: zdwf:ar:zdwf:zlof vDulofvDumuf, rifvmuf,vmuf,vhm:vhm: phm.ihm:rldefzDvl:zDzhm:auj;yAefbof;/vkuf.wD;wkdofeh.aO tefqmif;vh; zgef:phm.qj. yAefwmif:rh;vldwf, wif:Ogifyj;Ogifzhm,eef. tgefuef cwf:qfGso; P;vgwf;vh;aOurf;wj./

acj;vlyf:vgif;OifaOrof,oj; ayj:xkdof eyf.brf

qgrf:ogif,rSef;wmif:ref:auj; awrD:zgef:vD/

ayj:xkdof eyf.brf trf,qgrf:ogif,rSef;vhm:ref:auj; awvh;zgef:phm.eef.bof./ vgif;xdkofeh.auj; eif,pkdofayj:awyAefzgef:vD wif:Ogifyj;Ogifzhm,eef. vDvh;olef.vkduf.vkduf.?bj,ayP;vh;xkdofylef.vlef.vldofej,tj:vj:/ayj:vgrfwlnf: efG:ykdefOj,Oej,ykwf.xpof:ehqof;tj,eef,wj,eh. xkdof eyf.brfykwf.xTzj:yAefqof;ej,tj:vj:aO qgrf:wlnf:vlvkrf:vj: Tzj:yAefqof; trf,yefrD: vgif;blyf;bgrf:aOtdwf:/ wj,awzkduf:urfzj,zej,xrf:auj; Orf.ayj:trf,rD:cmof:bmrf:ref:eef.bof./ trf,wef:vh;yAef Ipmef:wj, wfG;wuf:ouf:cof Tzj:yAefqof;/ ohm:Tzj:yAefqof; tofyIdedyf.ymef,bof. ej;awwmif, Oif,uj,bej,yguf;urf:ekdif;eef. qif,cwf:qfGzj,oej,aOvh;yAefIpmef:wj,rj:bl,bof./

vgif;wkdofeh.auj; awj;eif,eefeif,uof,?ayj:wkdof rSef;qgrf:ogif,qgrf:wmif:ref:auj;wkdef:awyefzgef:vD wif:Ogifyj;Ogifzhm,bl,/ayj:wkdof trf,qgrf,ogif,rSef;wmif:ref:auj;wuf:awyefzgef:phm.bl,bof;/ vgif;OifaOrof,oj; ayj:pSif.wkdofej,tj:vj: wkdofbl,wduf:"auj; awqmif;bAef:yAef qfGtwfwuGj,/ayj:tofwkdof rj:pAwf:auj. twfwehsw.awrD:tlnf:vDOgifauj.eef.ulnf: bl,qgrf:uefvh;/ wkdofeh. tefqmif;yefzgef:vDref:rD:at,aO tefqmif;yefzgef:phm.ref:rD:erfej,/ oj;pdkofauj;vD ]]xkdof}} sv; ]]wkdof}}eh. ref:qmif;yefvh; zgef:vD zgef:phm.wif:Ogif yl di fbl,/ xkdof sv; wkdofeef.ukdofwjwlnf: pwf:pwf: xwf:wlnf:vDvDaO

qAifcrf:vSif: 1 1 1 1 162ukdif,vDpAwf: qgrf:tefvfGauj; wlnf:vgif; wlnf:wmif: wlnf:wD;wlnf:vSefref:aObof. tofnmef, ynf,nj, uSrf:aO pAwf:Omif;uGj, P;yAefzgef:vD wj,zoymefqof;uof,rldof:ej; ul;zfGref:aOurf:wj./

qof;eefaWjZjO (qgrfOSif)

OAefwmif:ymefumif ymefrfG,1. bj,vmwf; - tefcfG;vmwf;?

= vmwf; tefukdif,vD*vmwf;/2. bj,xgr f, - tefcfG;xgrf,?

= xgrf, tefukdif,vDxgrf,/3. bj,wlnf: - tefcfG;wlnf:?

= wlnf: tefukdif,vDwlnf:/4. bj,pAwf: - tefcfG;pAwf:?

= pAwf: tefukdif,vDpAwf:/5. bj,u def - tefcfG;udef?

= udef tefukdif,vDudef/6. bj,bl, - wD;tefcfG;bl,?

= bl, wD;tefukdif,vDbl,/7. bj,egef: - wD;tefcfG;egef:?

= egef: wD;tefukdif,vDegef:/8. bj,u Gj, - wD;tefcfG;uGj,?

= uGj, wD;tefukdif,vDuGj,/

wkdef:vSif:qgrf Mrfqmrfikdef:*rD:zgef:vD? vgwf;wmif:sO.se:? umif:wmif:zdwf:/

ul;wj,aO,----------------

bl,wD;v[bl, zSofwD;v[zSoftefpof: vlof,eyf.brfxdkifbl,wj,aO,eef.yAef Tzj: Twj: Oif,c bof./

bl,wDv[bl, zSofwD;v[zSoftefpof: vlof,wgyf,ukif,cofcd kef: bl,wj,aO,eef.yAef ayj;sr;Ogifqof;bof./

bl,wD;v[bl, zSofwD;v[zSoftefpof: trf,vlof,vkdrf:aOyguf;eef.yAefqdlof.cdlof: zdif;xkif: uGmrf:vmwf;zj,Oj,Oj,Oej, wD;uldof:brf eef.bof./

bl,wD;v[bl, zSofwD;v[zSoftefpof: vlof,cwf:q[pAwf: cwf:q[pAef:bl,wj,aO,eef.yAefynf,nj,wmif:arjbof./

Omif,ukrj,I (ckrf,ymif au,OD,)

L

Omhq[cldof:]]cldof:? cldof:yldef; cldof:pof:? cldof:sc,? cldof:uBj,

ymef,? cldof:tSif:uvAwf;? cldof:tefeef. tefeh.}}ehqugj, uyf:umh,vlnf; vgif;ulef: tefbl,Oof: e[:vkrf;zvlifeh.aO rD:vgif;ySuf,yldif;uefoh.bl,/ vgif;tef cldof:ySuf,yldif;uef? trf,rldefuefeef.auj; trf,q[;sv; trf,c[;rldefuefaOsv; wif;q[ qSuf,bSuf;uefoh.aw.trf,q[;? z[auj; wkdef:yAefcldof: tefukduf:uyf:rj:eldoferf.vdefpdefzj e[:vkrf;z pif:z[,pif:ref:/ e[:cldof: qldof:eef. eif,pkdofsv; qldof.awtrf,pmh Omhawtrf,cmwf,eef. z[auj;Orf.rD: Omhq[cldof:oh. pif:z[,pif:ref: eif,uof,/yldifyAefaw. tD;Oifauj;vD sw,qArf wloftrf,rD:q[ tduf,qArf wlofrD:q[? ayj:Omhq[ref: cmwf,auj; wkdef:vkbmwf,bof./

yldifwSuf;ref: rldefeif, rh.ekdif;wlef;eh.ayj:Omhq[ref: cmwf,auj; wlef;ref: wkdef:wmhqef:aO vkbmwf,ugj,pif:ref:/ ayj:awoj;eef ]wlef;rh.eh. yAefrAof: trf,rD:q[} qmif;awoj;eif,ehbl,/ ref:trf,rD: q[emrf,auj;ref:rD: q[Ilyf;(IlyQDodw)bl,/ Omhq[wlef;rh.eh.rldefeif, ykwf.xqof; oj;eef.bof.? wkdef:yAefxmwf;vdef? xmwf;erf.? xmwf;vlrf:sv;zh:ulnf:ulnf:/ rh.ekdif;wlef;eh. yldifyAefref:wkdef:vlof,vh; yluf:yuf:eldofvdef? wkdef:vlof,vh;xmwf;erf.? vlof,rD: vlrf:xgif:yefsv; vlof,rD:xmwf;rh; xmwf;uwf: pkrf:pmif:yefugef, qif,yAefwlef;aO yluf:yuf:bl, eldofukefrldif:vh;bof./

bgef.eefsv; Omhq[ rh.ekdif;wlef;eh. yAefxmwf;vdeferf.vlrf:zh: qif,oj;ehbof./

Omhq[ulef:qugj, qldof:yAef wlofrD:q[auj;Orf.yj: xmwf;vdef erf. vlrf: zh:ulnf:eif,uof,bof./ wlofrD:q[eh. vldofaO bl,vlnf;xmwf;vdef erf. vlrf: zh: OD,ydlifeh. Orf.bl,qgrf: umrf, q[ tkwk tj,pj,I ehxSif; OD,yldifbof./OD,yldif tgefwmif:eef. yAefOmhq[ wj,wlofcdif:(÷yf;)bof./ OD,yldif yj;vifeh. Orf.yAefOmhq[q[sv;wlof wif:Ogifyldifbof./ ayj:oj; umrf,? q[?tkwksv; tj,pjI trf,yh, vkaOyldifauj; ygif,oj;wkduf.yAefwlofrD:Omhq[aO bl,Oof:vh; e[:vkrf;zbof./ ayj:oj; OD,yldifqldof:eef. vkbmwf, cmwf,bmh;ugj,aOyldifyldifaw. ygifoj; Omhq[cmwf,aOvh;vkbmwf;bof./

eif, wlofrD:q[sv; wloftrf,rD:q[ bl,vlnf;Omhq[aO yuf:Oif. bl,Oof:vh; e[:vkrf;zeef. cldof:ulef:pof:eh.auj; Orf.rD: Omhq[eif,uof,bof./ qmof:cldof: ekdif;cldof:eh. ayj:Omhq[ref:cmwf,auj; uj;vh;vkpmhugj, e[:vkrf;zaO ayj:Omhq[ref: trf,cmwf,ugef, qif,vh;Okdyf,yAefcldof:ulef:ugj,vh; e[:vkrf;zbof./ ]ayj:eefOmhq[cldof:eh. yAefOifvj,}? ayj:oj;ehqkdif-

]1.yAefuGmrf:vmwf; qmof:cldof:?2. yAefvduf;vmh: qmof:cldof:?3. yAefclof:ekif; qmof:cldof:sv;4. yAefzdif;si; qmof:cldof:tldof;} awvh;wgyf,

eif,ehbof./e[:uj; Omhq[cldof: OD,yldifqldof:eef. uGmrf:

vmwf; tefoj;eh. yAeftefvgif;b[, wj,qmof:cldof: sw."oj;"oj;bof./ vgif;oj; qof;uof, yAefqmof:cldof:Oif-tefoj;eef. tdifeldof uGmrf:vmwf;

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 64tefqof;uof,vmwf;eef.aOsv; qif,qmif;wSyf:wwf:bof./ ayj:vmwf; uGmrf:sc,auj; yAefqmof:cldof:sc,? ayj:vmwf;uGmrf:tSif:uvAwf;auj;yAefqmof:cldof:tSif:uvAwf;-ehqugj,bof./ vgif;uGmrf:vmwf;eh. ulef:pof: yAefulef:qmof;cldof:ekdif;aO Orf.vmwf;uGmrf:cldof:ekdif;auj; rD:bl,/ tdifvlnf; wlif,olif: wD;tefbmrf;vh;bl,Oof: Nrf;Mrf:qgrf:sv; yAefeefugj, awvh;oj;ehbof./yldifwSuf;ref: rldefeif, yAefvkuf;tgef,wh:aOwayj:bmrf;bl,Oof: qgrf:xh: qgrf:rmef; erfauj;qmif;arjvmwf; uGmrf:xh: uGmrf:rmef;ugj,ulnf: rAof:eef.bof./ ayj:yAefeefaw. qmif;vkdrf:ySwf;uGmrf:ayj;uGmrf:sr; uGmrf:iof;vdef. qmof:cldof: wlofuof,aO arjvmwf;uGmrf:yldef;ulnf:bof./

xSif;vgif;ekdif; vgif;uGmrf:vmwf;eh. ayj:vAyf;pAef:wlnf: e[:vkrf;zqkdif rldif: rmifrldif:eh.rD:qkdof;rldif:ulnf: trf,rD: uGmrf:vmwf;? trf,rD:vduf;vmh:auj; rD:bof./ qldof:eef.aw. rldefeif,rldif:tsr,Idumef,v[? rldif:qdif,uyl,v[ qldof:eh.qugj,bof./ e[:qldof:eef. rldif:tsr,Idumef,tefoj;eh. rD:qkdof;rldif:oj;]]rldif:tsr,Idumef,}}ehaOw uGmrf:vmwf;sv; vduf;vmh:aw. Orf.q[.wkdof: vduf;tSif:uvAwf;? uGmrf:tSif:uvAwf;ulnf:?rldif:qdif,uyl, tefoj;eef.auj; awj,eefeif,uof,? rD:qkdof;rldif:oj;]]rldif:qdif,uyl,}}ehaOuGmrf:qdif,uyl,aw. Orf.trf,rD:sv; vh;pefcofq[.wkdof: uGmrf:sc,? uGmrf:rav:sv; uGmrf:tSif:uvAwf;qldof:eh.ulnf:/ yAefrldif: teftrf,rD: uGmrf:Okef,wlof-awvh;oj;ehbof./ xSif;vmh:ekdif;auj;rldefeif, rldif:tsr,Idumef,? rldif:ebl:qD,vSef,?uae,wjcof qugj,qldof:eh. awvh;oj; ]]tSif:u

vAwf;cof vmh;qkdof; vmh;cmyf;aO szpAwf:oh.vmhrldif:ulnf:}}ehbof./

oj;pkdofauj;vD yldifvlifaw. vgif;oj; ]ulef:ekdif;auj. yAefqmof:cldof:Oif tefoj;eh. vh;xgrf,wlnf: uGmrf: tefref:vmwf;eef.aO wSyf:wwf: vgif;qmof:cldof:ref:-tefoj;eef.aw.wdkef:trf,zdwf:bof./ bgef.yAefeif,eefsv;uGmrf:vmwf;eh. ref:yAef Omhq[qmof:cldoff:yldifekdif;-qif,oj;ehbof./

vldofaO uGmrf:vmwf;eef. vduf;vmh:auj;Orf.yAef Omhq[cldof: yldifekdif;eif,uof,bof./ vduf;vmh: tefoj;eh. ref:yAef cldif;q[.wmif:wkdof:wj,xSif:rSwf,oh. bj,P; wD;ygif, acj;uGmrf: vh;yldif;Ndif; Nif;pmhbof./ acj;uGmrf: qmof:cldof: teftrf,tofvduf; xdif:rSwf,oh.eh. wkdef:qmif;yldif;Ndif;Nif;pmhbof./ uGmrf:rmifacj;auj; qmif;tofwD;ygif,ref: yldif;ugj, Ndif;ugj,bof./ awj;trf,Oif wh:pof: rD:uGmrf:vmwf; rD:vduf;vmh:bl,aOw bgef.trf,rD: yyf.uGmrf:wh:(Shan Dictionary)sv;uGmrf:wh: rmifacj;eh. wD;ygif,ref: ayj:c[;yldif;c[;Ndif;bl,tdwf:"bof./ qldof:eef.aw. rldefeif,acj;tefoj;]]tj-tmof-tl;qof;-sr;qof;-cdif:yl,emh:-tguf,emh:}}ehql dof:eef.bof./acj;uGmrf: qldof:eef. wh:pof:urf;zgif; bif:trf,arjq[. rSef;wD;ref:auj; bif:vh;pef? vh;idef:rj:bof./ teftrf,arjq[. rSef;wD;ref:eef.ygif,oj;- wD;ygif,acj;uGmrf: yldif;Ndif;ugj,bof./

vldofaOeef. uGmrf:vmwf; teftrf,tofvduf;vmh: xdif:rSwf,oh.eh. wD;ygif,ref: qmif;yldif;Ndif;ulnf:trf,uj: uGmrf:rmifacj;eh. wif:qmif;tofNif;pmhugj,v[vl:ugef,bof./ vgif;eh. vgrfwlnf:ulef:qmof:cldof: qldof:teftrf,rD:vduf;eef.auj;

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 65wkdef:vh;pef qSif;vSif:bof./ ulef:qmof:cldof:qldof:trf,rD:vduf;eef. uGmrf:vmwf;cofauj; awtrf,ukrf,xlef;aO vh;tof uGmrf:yldef;wmif,cldof:rj:qdrfvmwf; e[:uGmrf:qmof:cldof:wlofuof,bof./bgef.trf,rD:vduf; xdif:rSwf,oh. uGmrf:qmof:cldof:sv; tofuGmrf:qmof:cldof: Nif;pmhugj,sv; vh;qgefbdyf: uGmrf:yldef;wmif,cldof:-vh;oj;ehbof./

uGmrf:vmwf; tefrD:vduf; xdif:rSwf,oh.eef.aw. wkdef:trf,Nif;pmhvh;/ vgif;eef. wlnf:tof uGmrf:yj,vdauj; pkxkdifvh;bof./ uGmrf:yj,vdeh. sw,rD:rj: rldof;umyf;v[ ymefv[aw. trf,pk?ulnf:uj; rldof;ymefTzj:yAefqof; rD:bl,eef.aw.vh;pkoj; uSef,qof; tofq[.wkdof:aO apj:Twj:yefwmif:pk wj,zDOmifwif:ulef:bl,bof./ ayj:eefauj; uGmrf:yj,vdeh. sw,rldof;ylef.rj: cmof:wmif: 2600 yDeef.auj; wkdef:rD:rj: bl,-vh;qlnf.aO pkeif,ehbof./ uGmrf:yj,vd tefrD:rj: yDbmof:cmof:pkdifvlif wif:uj;emef.sv;wD;y gif,ref: trf,yl dif;Ndif;? acj;uGmrf:ref:trf,Nif;pmheh. yAefyldof; rD:vduf;vmh: xdif:rSwf,oh.ref:bof./

ulnf:uj; vduf;vmh: tefxdif:rSwf,oh. uGmrf:yj,vdeef. rD:vguf:vmh:wSrf;ref:? rD:yldifwSrf;ref:? rD:zdif;wSrf;ref:ulnf:? trf,rD:wlofwSrf;ref:/ wlofwSrf;ref:aw. ayj:xh:wSrf;auj;yAefwlofvduf;xh:? ayj:rmef;wSrf;auj; yAefwlofvduf;rmef;? ayj:tSif:uvAwf;cof wSrf;auj;yAefwlofvduf; tSif:uvAwf;cofehqugj, uj;emef.ekdif;ulnf:bof./ ulnf:uj; z[c[;tof wlofvduf;z[wSrf;auj; wSrf;vj;? awvh;wSrf;qgrf: OAiftguf,yj,vdrD:? awvh;wSrf;qgrf: yldifwSrf;vduf;yj,vdrD:-ehuj;emef.ekdif;bof./ bgef.eefsv; awj,

xkdif oef:cmof:rldof;eh. ayj:vgrfwlnf: vduf;yj,vdqkdif awvh;pef yAefwlofyj,vd vmhqmof:cldof:vlifoh.bof./ ulnf:uj; wlofwSrf;ref: yAefpmif;zmifwlofvduf;qmof:cldof:z[ref: ugj,eif,eefaOwuGmrf:yj,vdref:eef.aw. wkdef:rldefuefrlwf:bof./ yldifvlifref:aw. awvh;ygif,q[oj; ]bgef.rD:vduf;vmh: xdif:rSwf,oh.sv; wD;ygif, acj;uGmrf:yj,vd qif,trf,yldif;Ndif;Nif;pmh- ehbof./

vduf;vmh:eh. yAefcldif;yldif tefxdif:rSwf,oh.acj;uGmrf: bj,P;yldif;Ndif; Nif;pmhulnf: trf,uj:yAefyj: cldif;yldif tefxdif:rSwf,oh. ykdef:? zdif;si;? vmh:pAwf:Omif;pmif;ygif-ehqldof:eh. vl:ugef,bof./ eif,pkdof ykdef: awtrf,pmh? zdif;si; awtrf,bAef:? eif,pkdof vguf:vmh:pAwf:Omif; umefimef:awtrf,Nif;pmhaOtrf,uj: P;ref;aq,sz;wldef:ugj,eef. wkdef:vh;ykdif;tdif vduf;vmh:aOsv; pAwf:Omif;bof./ vduf;vmh:eh. bgef.ref:yAef cldif;yldif tefxdif:rSwf;oh. acj;uGmrf:?ykdef:? zdif;si; qmof:cldof:sv; vguf:vmh:pAwf:Omif; bj,P;yldif;Ndif; Nif;pmh eif,oj;eef.sv;qif,vh;ruf:ref; oj;-ref:yAef Omhq[cldof: rAof:ekdif;bof./

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wjoef:2015

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omh:aO yluf:wif;Oofrmef,wSif,aObof.qof;zj.auj; tgeftofulef:omef;ulef:rdlif: aw,pAwf:ygh:pAwf:vmrf: Oofrj,vdif,wSif, ul;yDyD oj;eif,ehbof./ ymifygh: yluf:wif;Oofrj,vdif,wSif,eef. vh;pefrD:rj:qArfrdlof;ymef qof;zj. qof;rpj,orf,Ocwf.wdbeef.bof./ aw,qArfrdlof;ymefeef.rj:aO ymefvkuf;Odkyf,vmef:rj:auj;eif,pdkofawvDaOtgef wgef:aOuof,eef.qif,vh;tgefuefpAwf:ygh: b[,ygh:vlifrj: ul;yD;yDoj;eif,ehbof./

Oofrj,vdif,wSif, Oofwh;wAef:eef. trf,vh;pefcl:arjwSrf;vduf;pof:cof wSrf;oh.erfuj;pdkofsv; eif,tefbdkef:xdkifvh;eef. qif,vh;tofrj:wSrf;rguf,sebof./ teftrf,N. trf,pefauj; awrD:xSif;bl,wif:erfbof./

Oofrj,vdif,wSif, xSif;wlef;edkif;eef.Orf. vh;yluf:wif;rj: rdlof;ymefqof;zj. qof;Olnf,uBD,oj;eif,ehbof./ rdlof;ymefqof;zj.qof;Olnf,uBD,eef. ugyf;ulef:bj.uof:omef;rdlif:ej,aOsv; Orf.ayj:vh;ymh;ugj,bl, rdlif:ac,rIwf.(oAif:uAif:wkif)eef. pdkifOmrfyDaO omh,yguf;rj:cdkef: vh;rj:pefapjcrf:vlifauj; xkuf,zh:zofySwf;rlwf:sv; qif,vh;rj:yluf:wif;apjr[,cdkef:oj;eif,ehbof./ eif,pdkofayj:awyAef wD;rmhwgif: udkuf:ydkef:oh.eef.sv; qif,vh;aw,yluf:wif; Oofrj,vdif,wSif, xSif;wlef;edkif; oj;eif,ehbof./

Oofrj,vdif,wSif,wlef;eh. wmif:Okifref:awrD:bl,rguf; (100) Oguf,ehbof./ ymhOof

70 qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

rj,vdif,wSif,wlef;eh.sw. ymhref:yAefolif:quBj,aO pAwf:oh.rdlefeif,xD:OmrfOmif. yAefeif,olif:qmuf;uGmif:oh.oj;eif,ehbof./ ymhbgwf;ref:eef. P;yAefolif:quBj,uGmif:Myf;oh.aOP;rdlefeif,xD:crf:rkif:oh. oj;eif,ehbof./

Oofrj,vdif,wSif,tefeh.Orf. P;yAefwD;tef tofqgrfydofruf:wif;oh. oj;eif,ehbof./Oofrj,vdif,wSif,wlef;eh. awvh;rmhxdkifoj;yAefOofwkif: Oofwmif,qgrfydofoj;eif,ehbof./bmrf:vAof awvh;pefyluf:wif;bl, zmh,Mif, Oofrmef,wSif,eef.bof./

wlef;Oofrj,vdif,wSif,wlef;eh. rdlof;awtofrj:pAwf:yAef Oofrj,vdif,wSif,eef. cj;omef;ulef:rldif:cof vh;ugj,pjrh.e[:xdlef,e[:Nnf;aO vh;vlduf;tofwlef;rh. tefwlef;ref:OkifaOydlef;wif:rlwf: wlef;vrf:ref:pmif;vDtrf,ulwf.trf,aij: trf,rD:Mh:eluf.rj:pAwf:pmif:trf,rD:rlwf.rSif:rj:bj. qArfrldof;wlef;vAuf. awj,xdkifwlef;b[,Okifeef. trf,rD:cdlof: trf,rD:rguf,Oifrj:ugyf;rj:uAof;? iof;ref:auj; trf,Nuf.? qArfrdlof;wlef;vAuf.vAuf.auj; trf,rD:Mh:rlwf.bj. trf,rD:Mh:yluf,cdkef;? rlif;auj; trf,rD:Mh:rj:wSif:? trf,wSuf,trf,qwf. trf,rD:vlrf:rj:zwf.aO pmuf:ySwf;ulwf.ySwf;oj;ehaO qif,tofrj:pAwf: Oofrj,vdif,wSif,oj;eif,ehbof./ ydlof;eef qif,udkif,xlduf;Mif.qdkof;oj; OofvAofrmef,wSif, OofqSwf;qmif, Oofwkif:oj;eif,ehbof./

Oofrj,vdif,wSif,wlef;eh. vh;pefarjwSrf;vduf;cof wSrf;oh.oj; vh;tofpSif:qmif.vmuf;rj:aOtrf,uj: bif:vh;tofpSif:ulef:qgh;uef vmuf;yj:ehvl:ugef,bof./

rh.Oof tefawrj:pAwf: Oofrj,vdif,wSif,eef. rdlof;awvmuf;cof;rj:e[:rdlif:eef. bgef.vh;tofpSif:qmif. pSif:ulef: qgh;uefvmuf; cof;oAif:rj:sv; eifrh.eef. vguf;tguf,rj:ayj: vh;pefODrh.eef. vdlrf;cmofoh.Ogwf,vgwf,aO trf,rD:wD;aO.ae:Oifehbof./

qArfbdif:qArfqmh: qArfyl,qArfemh: rj:y[.pyf.wgef;aO tofrguf,bj;cof;wSuf, rj:zkuf:rj:tghqgrf:wmif: Orf.ayj:udkef:tkduf.tdkuf. oj;eif,ehbof./ auj.tofrguf,rj:vl,auj;vl,? auj.tofzh:wAef: rj:wh;auj;wh;? auj.toftkrferf. rj:vl,rj:wmef:auj;rD:? yj:qArfOAifOSif: wl,Idbj,pj;rAof: yAefygh:yAefvmrf:udkef:rlef;Odlof:oh.aw."oj;"eif,ehbof./ cmof:umifoef:qmh.qAif,auj;iof:pdif, vuf:Oofrj,vdif,wSif,wh;wAef:eef.auj; Orf.ayj:tguf,OmhNdof; ydlif:xgif,vSif: qgwf,wlof;ugj,ul;wmif:rdlif:oj;eif,ehbof./

rdlof;aw,tofOofrj:eef. yAefzgif:cof;oj,yAefcmof:yxroj,vdlefySwf;rlef: oj;eif,ehbof.? tefeh. awvh;oj; yAefzkif:wef:clof:qof;ckefrdlif:emh: puf.ySif:cj;omef;ulef:rdlif:aOeif,pdkofayj:awyAefzgef:vDugj, wj,omef:wj,rdlof:eef. cj;omef;udlef:rldif:cofauj; cmof:wmif:e[:oj,eef. tgefueftof erf. wAef: rguf,bj; zh: tmhMrftmhpdkef:ul;vgif;"aO rj:Nwf:rj:Ogef:yef ul;rdkof.ul;oef:oj;eif,ehbof./ e[:edkif;oef:eh. vh;pefulef:rj:vlrj:wlnf: rj:Ogef:erf.Mrferf.Nnf:uef ayj:wArfugj, wmif:ej;apj rD:ulef:tmef,ymuf,tmefpAifref: ehbof./ ckefauj;rlef; emif:auj;Odlof: ej;rdlif:auj;Oj,bj, trf,rD:z[teftrf,N. oj;eif,ehbof./

71qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

oef:vDoef:rBmwf; oef:xkef:rj:bof. ehsv; qif,vh;Nrf;uef rj:aw,pAwf:yg h:Oofrj,vdif,wSif,bof./ yAefzgif:ej;uRwf;(ej;tguf,oj,)ehsv; yAefvdlefteftrf,rD:az:cAefOif yAefvdleftefrD:uj;rD:cef yAefvdlefteffz[z[auj; rD:cof;rD:id kef:ueful;Ndef:oj;eif,ehbof./ yAefygh:yAefvmrf: Odlof:rlef;wArfrdlif:ugj,oj;eif,ehbof./ Oofrj,vdif,wSif,wlef;eh. vh;N.oj; rdlof;awyluf:eef. vh;wAuf:crf:wArfoh.wif:Oofoj;eif,ehbof./ ulnf:uj; rdlof;vAofsw. bgef.cmof:bmrf:auj;pdkifrj: Ij,OD,tkwkauj; vSuf;vmh;sv; ODcrf:eef. trf,vh;pefbof./

Oofrj,vdif,wSif, (2) wlef;eef.Orf.Oofrj,vdif,wSif, tefbl,zmh,Mif, (zmh,wmif:eldof)eef. awvh;pefymhOofeef. yAefoh.rdlefeif,xD:rkif:? yAefolif:qmuf;vgrf.Myf;oh.bof./tefeh. yAefOofrj,vdif,wSif, Oofwkif:bof./Oofrj,vdif,wSif, tefbl,zmh,qmef: (zmh,wmif:w[;)eef.Orf. awrD:udkuf:uefbl,Ogifwlef; aOym hzlnf:ref:eef. awimh:r d lefeif, wD;wh;wAef:eef.bof./ tefeh.Orf. yAefOofrj,vdif,wSif, Oofwh;wAef:oj;eif,ehbof./Oofwh;wAef:eef. yAefOoftefyluf:wif;oh.tgefwmif:aO Oofwkif:eef.Orf. yAefOoftefrj:yluf:wif;urf:vdkef: zgif:yluf:wif;apjr[,oj;eif,ehbof./

ayj:awrj:olef.wlnf:cdkef:eh Oiftrf,rD:Oofrj,vdif,wSif,eef.sv; apjvlifqof;zj.Oifxkuf,ydlef;rj:bj.uof: pmhvmhaO trf,udkwf:oh.yefeh ydkef:pof:qgif,Orf.aw udkwf:oh. P;

vkuf;vmef; rdlefeif,pof:qdlof:eh. vh;N.vh;pefbl,bof.pdkofaej:~ trf,eef awpmhugj,qgrf:tmhvlrf:? trf,eefawpmhugj, qgrf:ugef:zh:tmhbmrf:ugif;bof.pdkoftrf,N./

ugyf;eefsv; omh:vdkef:rj: eif,pdkof ymefOdkyf,ymef vkuf;Odkyf,vmefpof:cof ayj:awvh;N.quf:ydkef:eef. pof:pj:vlof,tgefuef xdif:Odrf:vkrf:vj:oh.bof./ tefeh. yAefykef;zgef:pof:ul;auj.bof./ ykef;zgef:tefoj;eef. bj,y[.ydlef;ylifomif:yefpof:aO pof:qif,awpAwf:ydkef:pof: ayj:pof:trf,uAyf:Odrf:auj; ydlef;awrj:uAyf:Odrf:oh.bof./ wj,vkuf;vmef tefawrj:eef. cofawtrf,pkydkef:pof:bof./

acj;egrf:J

ydkef:uSyf; vgif;Oofrj,vdif,wSif,tefeh.cj;pof:vh;uAyf:xgeftof wD;e[:yyf. cl:arjvduf;vlif qof;aej,crf: tefvh;wSrf;oh. e[:Ij,qomif,rdlif:emh: tefqof;TOj,eef,wo>Oydef,yAefvif,uj, acj;OAifwSwf;eef.rj: cj;atj;/ ugyf;cj;pof:tmef,vif,uj, trf,ay.sv;rmifwD;rmiftef awrD:wD;zdwf: wD;blyf;bgrf:wmif:erfsv; cj;pof:bgef:egrf:xdkif zl;tmef,vduf;cofsw."bl,cj;atj;/ Oifoj;zdwf:ugj,ehcSef:awj; qdOif,rlef.ar:yefaOurf:cj;/

eyf.brfaOJrguf,ugefr[,

Y

oAif:rd lif:ukwf;

oAif:rdlif:ukwf;eh. ugyf;ydlof;tguf,OSiful;ydlif"sv;yAefoAif:uj;b[,cefxdluf; qdkof;OAifvdkof:vif e[:rdlif:Nrf;wkrfrBmef,rj,aOtrf,uj: bgef;xdkifyj:wif:vkrf;zj.oh.bl,/

sq;oAif:rdlif:ukwf;eh. wmif:uGmif;ej;wmif:tguf, awj,ej;wmif:wluf: rD: (30) vuf:? ej;wmif:Mif, awj,ej;wmif:qmef: rD: (15.12) vuf:sv; wmif:uGmif;rD:bl, (450.6) vguf:vuf:/ oAif:rdlif:ukwf;eh. rD:zmh,oef:wluf: zSef,vdefOkifrdlif:wh:Okwf:Okwf:/ rD:zmh,tguf,sr;erf.uAofaOrD:wmif.Okifvdloferf.ymif,vmh, (3580) xwf:/vSefvdef wmif:Mif, wdwf:qyf:sq;oAif: rdlif:rdwf;? wmif:qmef: wdwf:qyf: sq;oAif:uRuf.sr:?wmif:wluf: Orf.wdwf:qyf: sq;oAif:zdwf.cBmif:(wyAuf.uBdef:) qdlof:eh.bof./

bmrf:rdlof;vAof e[:oAif:rD:pj;tdlif,(tkyfqk) aOeguf;oAif: Orf.rD:OmrfOdyf:tdlif, (132) omef;ehsv; ulef:bl,Oof: e[:sq;oAif:rdlif:ukwf;wif:OAif;eh. vmrf:eyf.oh.oj; awrD:OmrfOSefqrf"ehbof./ rD:ulef:cdlof:wh:? vD;aOj:? yvgif;? rmef;?auj,vcj:sv; sc,cofqdlof:eh.bl,Oof:oh.aOurf;yj;erfeh. yAefwh:bof./

yD;egif.wh:rdlif:ukwf;wD;ygif,rd lif:ukwf;

rdlif:ukwf;eheef. urf;zgif;ydkwf,wD;ygif,oj;ugyf;pmif;zmifoAif: rdlefeif,tofukyf:ydef;wmuf,pmhoh.eef.aOsv; tgefuefMif.oj; rdlif:ukyf:ehaO omh:rj:qif,vh;yAefrj:rdlif:ukwf;/ urf;zgif;oj;ugyf;OAef;wmif:rdlof:rdlif:ukwf;eh. wD;ulwf.wD;iguf:wD;vdif,ref: erfej,aOsv; rdlof;sw,Mif. rdlif:ulwf.aO qif,vh;ydef,yAefrj:rdlif:ukwf;/ urf;zgif;Orf.oj; rdlof;awsw,wif;oAif:eef. vh;wD,yj,zuf:ukwf,aO wif;sw,rj:sv; Mif.oj;rdlif:ukwf,ehaO omh:eh.qif,ydef,yAefrj: rdlif:ukwf;/ urf;zgif;Orf.oj; ulef:rj:sw,pef vSefvdefrdlif:ukwf;eh. yAefrl:Odlof:wh:Omrfauj. rdlof;cofvdkyf;xdlef,uGifwmif:vyf:Odif,aOsv; vh;rj:egef:wD;wdefvgh tefawyAefvSefvdefrdlif:ukwf;rj:eh.wD;edkif;/ umife[rdlif:vSif:rj: vh;pefOmhumifoef:xgif,Ndof;nj: e[:su;umifvgheef. tofvdefulef,vlif:vef,ukwf;aO vh;pefyj:ODOSifvSifNdof;tguf,oh.sv; vh;tofrj:Omuf;xdkifqof;zj.aO yD;egif.wh:pof:cof qif,vh;sw,pAwf:umefckwf:OSifrj:/ wif;sw,wD;vdefvef,ukwf;Ndof;tguf,iof:OSifrj:eef.aO qif,vh;qyf:qdkof;oj;rdlif:ukwf;ehbof./

L K

73qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

yAefpdkofauj;vD rdlif:ukwf;eh. qArfqdkof;yguf.qdkof;bgrf, qdkof;omef; qdkof;tdlif, pdrf:Mrf: wdkef:yAefcgifwh: wdkef:yAefqdkof;wh:pof:bl, tefoj;eef. z[auj;N.ueful;auj.bl,/

yDsw,oAif:sv;vgif;ud kuf:yd kef:ymefOdkyf,ymef

rdlif:ukwf;eh. vh;sw,wif;rj: qArfrd lof;yDcIdwf. 1217 eef.bof./ rdlof;qof. yAefvSefvdefqof;zrdlif:rdwf;cofrj: vmhOdkyf,vmhymef/ rdlof;yDcIdwf. 1414 eef. wmrfwlofqof;zrdlif:rdwf;Odlofimrf,zj. pyf.tofqdkof; ]]qof;ckefarj,OSif}}rj:/ rdlof;yDcIdwf. 1597 ymefckefapjcrf:tif:ongif,bmef:rdef: qif,tofwj;ugif bgef:vSuf;vmh;uef wif:rdlif:ukwf; wD;qof;zj.rdlif:rdwf;ugj,/

ymefckefapjcrf:tif:o ydef:wsv:rdef:eef. vh;ckwf:pefrj: OSifvliftmh;rguf, (tefrmef;cofMif.oj; ywf.wrBj:irguf.) tefqdkof;OAifb[,e[:ydkef: qgwf,wlof;urf.zj,/ xdkifrj: ymefckefapjcrf:rmef; rdef:wlif:rdef: (rdlof; yc 1854-1879) eef. sw,wif;umefckwf:OSifsv; umefucmhOSif awj,rdlif:oef:wluf:cof/ rdlof; yc 1885qof;zj.rmef; wD,ayj:rdef: wif: zIif,OAwf;cof wluf:vlif:uefvyf." wj,ckwf:OSif wD;rdlif:ukwf;/ omh:aO wluf:vlif:uefbof.eif,eefwmif:uyf:Odkyf,wdwf:awj, tif:udwf:wif:rmef;auj; blyf;bgrf:cAif;cSifrj:wduf:wduf:/

rdlof; 1886 vdlefwD,qdrf,ydlof, (29) oef:eef. wyf:Odkuf:tif:udwf: bdkwf:tofrdlif:ukwf;aO rdlof; 1887 vdlefrmwf. (29) eef. zgwf;wif;tdlif,rdlif:ukwf; yAefaq;wgef;arj,OSif/ rdlof; 1920

eef. zgwf;P;yAef aq;oAif:rdlif:ukwf;ehaObAwf;O[, e[:aq;wgef;umwf,Oj/ omh:Odkuf:urf,zj,xlef;Ogifbof. rdlof;zl;tgefNofrdlif:wh:pof:cof tkyf,ukrfuef wj,awvlif:vmh:rdkof: vduf;Nrf;rmhymifvlifeef. qof;zj.rdlif:rdwf; qof;ckefcAofbmrf;wmif,vmwf; wj,tofumefckwf:OSifrdlif:ukwf;P;rD:zmh,w[; qof;zj.rdlif:rdwf; tkyf.ydlif,zgif:irf:cdkef:ehaOw trf,xmif,pmif;rj:/

rdlof; 1947 vdlefql,vmh, (17) oef:eef.tofrdlif:ukwf;cmh.O[,avj: e[:aq;wgef; Olnf,ylof,xSif;/ omh:cgif,OD,vkuf.zdkef. cdkef;yAefvlifygifqdkif;rj: rdlof; 1965 vdleftguf,wlofydlof, (1) oef:eef. tofaq;oAif:rdlif:ukwf; cmh.O[,avj:e[:aq;wdlif:ref:wav:/ rdlof;vAofsw. aq;oAif:rdlif:ukwf;eh. yj:oh.e[:aq;wgef;ymif,tl: aq;wdlif:ref:wav:bof./

yguf.bgrf,sv;omef;wD;wh:bl,Oof:

yguf.bgrf, e[:oAif:rdlif:ukwf; ygwf:oef:tguf,eif,yguf.Nofej:? yguf.Nofrdlif:? yguf.ymif,Omh:cmof?yguf.OefvghOkif? yguf.ymifwgif,wkef:? yguf.qghvhgrlef:? yguf.xrf;qdukuf.? yguf.tkif:uSif:qdlof:eh. wdkuf.yAefwD;yD;egif.wh:pof: bl,Oof:oh.urf;yj;erf/(rdlof;ymefyl,rgef, yAefwh:qSwf;"qmif,"? Mwf;ymefvkuf;vmefrj: bAef:zj,cdkif;oh.bof./

yguf.yj,qgh,? yguf.Nofegif? yguf.ej;oef:tguf,?yguf.yj,wh:? yguf.wh:? yguf.umwf,uof,? yguf.rmuf,rlef,qdlof:eh. qdkof;udkuf:wh:bl,aOw vh;bAef:xdkifwD; trf,rD:z[v[arjvmwf;uGmrf:wh:? vduf;wh:trf,rD:zmifpmif;wh:aOtdwf:bof./

74 qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

omef;qdlof:tefrD:wD;eguf;oAif: rdlefeif,zmh,wmif:tguf,rD: omef;Nofodwf.? omef;oif,uYj,?omef;uRif:crf:/ zmh,wmif:Mif,rD: omef;ymif,yAwf;?zmh,qAif,Mif,oef:wluf:rD: omef;qSwf.ez? omef;uRuf.ykif,? omef;ukif:qmrf? omef;erf.vlif/ zmh,wmif:qmef:rD: omef;ngif,xguf;? zmh,ygwf:oef:wluf: rdlefeif,omef;Nnf;egwf;? omef;uRuf.Ogif,?omef;uRuf.euj:? omef;vlifOmif? omef;erf.cD;uj?omef;erf.zdwf.? omef;tkrfwef? omef;umif:qdlof:eh. yAefwD;omef;wh:pof: bl,Oof:bof./ urf;yj;erf wdkuf.yAefwh:qSwf;wh:qmif,bl,/ ulnf:uj; yh,rD:Okef,arjvduf;wh:vDvD/

vghrd li f:ukwf;

vghtefOkifaOydlef; wD;e[:rdlif:ukwf;eh.yAefvghqof;Okif (7544) xwf:/ vdlofaOeef.rD:xSif; vghulif,umof? vhgyj;emif:? vghOmif:azj:?vghedof.qd? vghrkif;rdlif:? vghyBOmwf;? vghOgif,? vghySuf,? vghxmwf;awj,? vghymef:rqdlof:eh. yAefvghqdkof;OAifb[, tguf,OSifvSif? OSifOgrf,? OSifbluf:bmif,ul;rAof:bof./

OSifud kif,rd lif: teftguf,wD;rd lif:ukwf;

OSifvliftmh;rguf, tefckwf:pefwD; yguf.Nofegif wdefvghulif,umof rdlof;ymefqof;zj.tif:oydef:wsv:rdef: rd lof;yc 1661/ OSifOgrf,tefb[,vdlofydlef;e[:vkrf;zj. tefrD: (63000)cISwf. tefckwf:pef rdlof;yc 1967/ OSifvSifymef:ukrf: tefrD: (10.95) cISwf. tefckwf:pefwD; ymifckwf:OSifOlnf,ayBat: rdlof;yc 1984/OSifeow tefrD: (496.5) cISwf. tefckwf:pefwD; ymifOSifxmwf;awj, rdlof;yc 1990/ OSifbkuf:bmif, tefb[,vdlofydlef;e[:vkrf;zj. tefrD:

(21450) cISwf. tefckwf:pefwD; omef;umif:rdlof; 1996/ qdlof:eh. yAefOSifqdkof;OAifb[, qdlof:teftguf,wD;rdlif:ukwf;bof./

Okef,vh;Okef,yAef ulef:rd lif:ukwf;

ugyf;tguf,OSif uj;cefb[,vlifvmif udkuf:ydkef:vkrf;zj.oh.sv; oAif:rdlif:ukwf;eh. qdkof;vdkof:Nifudkuf:ydkef:rj:bl,/ ulef:rdlif:ukwf;pof:cofehauj;vh;yAefulef:ydkif;tdif, q[b[,awj,umrf,/ eyf.brfrkefOdefTzj:? Twj:? Oif,cj,aw.bl,/ rdlof;rD:Okef,vh;Okef,yAef wdkof.wmif:zmh,ckwf:OSif uj.OSifwArfxlef;bl,eef. ulef:rdlif:ukwf;pof:cofeh. pAwf:udef pjudefimh; rD:Okef,vDaw."bl,/omh:aO tl:ySif,vdrdwSwf.cof rj:ykwf;Odrf:tofumefOSifwD;rdlif:ukwf; rdlof;yc 1995 rj:zmh,eh.eh.sw. wj,ulef:rdlif:qmof:cdlof:ykdef.wD;cof awcof;pAwf:umefOSifeh. trf,rD:wdkof.wmif:bof./ugyf;eh vh;tgefuef cmh.ugj,bl,pAwf;umef wmif,wD;wmif,vSef? rmifqdlof:auj; pmrf:wdkof.wmif: wj,pAwf:umef? Nofeyf.ulef:pmrf:umefauj; vh;erfwdlof:rj:wduf:wduf:bl,eef.bof./

bmrf:rdlof;vAof ayj:awrj:xwf:Omifwlnf:qdkif ymh:rmuf;rD: wdkef:oj;trf,vD/ umefckwf:OSiftrf,rD:vgif;zAif,cdkif;/ umefuj.cmhOSif (OSifteftguf,wD;rdlif:ukwf; vh;wmif,xdkif ae,yBD,awj,bof. qif,vh;bgef:Odkof.rj: uj.cmhsz;uefcdkef:ehsv;) trf,Omif,xkuf,/ zmh,zkuf,Ogrf;trf,ukrf,xlef;/ ulef:rdlif:trf,rD:idkef:cof;zAef;zAef;/OAef;wmif:e[:oAif:cSrf.vSyf;bl,wmef,bj,auj;Omhwmif:wdwf:awj,uyf:Odkyf, trf,cSrf.vSyf;/ vgif;Olif,vduf;Olif,cmof, vgif;Odkyf,Omhvlrf: xdlif:xdkif.awvh;pefeif,ehbl,bof./

75qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

ulef:rdlif:ukwf;pof:cofehauj; urf;zgif; ugj,wmif:yj,crf:? arj,OSifqdlof:eef.aO qyf:yAefcD;bj;cD;zdef,rj:? urf;zgif; ugj,pAwf:cj;vdyf: wD;wmif:rdlif:sc,? urf;zgif;wofsv,Mwf;xdkif wmif:rdlif:xh:? qdef,uj,yl,? rav:OBdLof: oh.udkwf: vkuf;tgef,wif:ulef:xof; y[.Ndef:y[.ab:aO tgefuefzlif.zmwf,sz ugj,auj.wD;auj.wmif: pdkifpdkifedkif;yguf; rj:q[:Ndef:q[:ab:aO vh;ugj,cdkef:/urf;yj;erfeh. trf,wef:ckuf:q[vh; wj,pAwf:umefomef;rdlif: qdlof.cdlof: zj,Oj, vduf;vmh: tD;Oifbof./

vgif;bkrf,brfudlof:vD

ulef:rdlif:ukwf; urf;yj;erfeh. eyf.brfudlof:vDykwf.xbof./ qgrf:vlnf; ulef:qmof:cdlof:udlof:brfykwf.x e[:oAif:rdlif:ukwf;pof:cof bkrf,brfeyf.xdkifOj,Oej,ykwf.xaOsv; tgefuefcwf:Omif;pmif;ygifpAwf:uRif: auj,ugif:rl: P;udkuf:ydkef:oh.bof./ Tzj:udkuf:rdlif: zgif,awj,tl:? ugif:rl:udkif,rdlif:vlif cBmrf:Oj,uBD:sv; ugif:rl:uRif:umef,wif:erfwif:vmh tefrD:bl,qgr f:Oefvghrdlif:ukwf;qdlof:eef. xSif;wmif:pmif;vDyef oAif:rdlif:ukwf; yefbl,aw."bof./ sw,qArfrdlof; Twj:odywf.Oej, vmh:qof;TOj,vlifrdlif:ukwf; apj:seyefeef. vdkof:vifrj:aOsv; ulef:rdlif:ukwf;pof:cof tgefuefOlifTwj:odywf.Oej,rj:sw."bl,/ ymif;Twj:uRif:rif,uvj,? tl:ulof,tdif,uj,?xrf,rI>OD,? qkef:vkef:? arB,qdef:awj:bqdlof:eh. yAefwD;ymifTwj:cmof:bmof: qdkof;OAifb[,e[:rdlif:ukwf;bof./

yD;egif.sc,cofehauj; qgrf:eif,udlof:brfrpj,bj,eeef. tgefuefpAwf:Omif;pmif;ygif

auj,umh,oh. uRif:sc,vlifrguf;OD,pj;wD;/ yAefwD;OgefpAef:zdkuf:yefyj: P;vkuf;tgef,sc,cof arjvduf;sc, awj,xdkifqef.OkifaOugef,bof./

yD;egif.vD;aOj:sv; ulef:rdlif:ukwf; qdlof:eyf.brfqmof:cIdwf.eef.auj; pAwf:uRif:cIdwf.oh.bl,wif:erfwif:vmh/ yAefwD;zdkuf:yef P;vkuf;tgef,cof arjvduf;xrf,rqmof:cIdwf.sv;zdkuf:yefyj:ymh:rgef:bl, ul;oef:tj:wdwf.bof./tefvDbgif;tmrf:sw. wlif,olif:ulef:qmof:cIdwf.cofeh. arjzgrf.Nrf;qgh;uefaw."eef.bof./ eif,pdkofOj,Oej,cof ayj:awsz;wdlef:eef. rD:zSefumefwj,Nnf:qefcSrf.vSyf;wSwf;awj:oh.bl,? rmifzof,rmifyguf; bif:tdwf,tguf,zdkefvduf;xrf:cofaO qgrf:qSuf,yef cdkef;Ndef:vlif:Ndef: P;ayj:qgwf;wif:rdlif:ugef,bof./

uRif:vlif tefyD;egif.auj,Icj:cof auj,umh,oh.eef.auj; pefrD:bl,zgif;/ ayj:zSofcmof:rh;rj:vh;pefcofylifOgefyefuef vduf;cofxrf:cofbl,/yD;egif.auj,Icj:cofeh.sw. aw,qArfpmif;zmif?zdif;si;zdif;xkif:? vgif;bl,Oof:ydlifudef wdkef:ySuf,ydlif;wif:ydlef;oh.bl,bof./

uRif:vlifyD;egif.rl,Ovdrf,cof tefrD:wD;yguf.tgif,emef:sv; yguf.ywfwrBj:eef.auj;cdkuf.b[,oh.bl,/ qgrf:eif,zdif;xkif:cofrD:eef. yD;egif.rl,Ovdrf,cofauj; cwf:Omif;pmif;ygifbl,/wj,awNnf:qef sz;wdlef:Oj,Oej,cofeef.auj; rD:zSefumefbl,pif:cofbof./

yAefoAif:tefydkif;tdifq[b[,umrf,aO vh;pAwf:umefOSif eif,zDyefsv; apjqof;rdlif:ehauj; yAefwD;ulef:pAwf:umefOSifcof vh;ugj,wdlif,umof,bgef:Ol:bl,eef.bof./ rdlof;yD;egif.rdlif:

76 qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

ukwf;pof:cof cmrf,Omif,cmrf,vgif:eef. rD:xkif:vh;tofOmif,vgif:qmif:vgif:cof ugj,seugj,tmyf;wD;apjqof;rdlif:vlif tefrD:bl,wD;yguf.wh:eef.ugef,bof./

qgrf:vlnf; ulef:qmof:vmhvmhcdlof: cof;rj:Oof:bl, wD;e[:oAif:rdlif:ukwf;bof.sv; vgif;bkrf,brfudlof:vDehauj; vh;pefrD:bl,eif,vmwf;rj:eh.bof./

yD;egif.wh:rd lif:ukwf;

ayj:awrj:xwf:Omifwlnf: zmh,wh:pof:qdkifyD;egif.wh:qdlof:bl,Oof: wD;rdlif:ukwf;eh. bmefuhuefwif:yD;egif.wh: wmif:rdlif:wh:pof:oh.sv;zmh,vduf;vmh:sv; zdif;si;zdif;xkif:qdlof:eh.vh;blyf;bgrf:rj:bl,bof./ Nofeyf.ulef: qmof:cdlof:wmif,tef tefcof;rj:zdkwf.bl,eh. erfcdkef;rj:wduf:wduf:aO Nofeyf.OSef:pkef;r[,wh: tefarjvduf;wh:uGmrf:wh:eh.Orf. vh;bgrf:vlif:ugj,sw.sw.bl,bof./ qgrf:eif,OAef;rmh tefuAyf:tofvh; zgif:umefvdluf;wif; rdlof; 2010 eef.qdkif e[:aq;oAif:rdlif:ukwf;eh. Nofeyf.ulef:wh:qSwf;" ulnf:rD:tof (36289) auj.ulnf:bof./

e[:uj;ulef:qdlof:eh. tefarjvmwf;arjwSrf;uGmrf:wh:vduf;wh: vlif."vSef,"eh. rmuf;ref:at,ej,bof./ qgrf:eif, aujvduf;vmh:sv;zdif;si;wh: oAif:rdlif:ukwf;pof:cof ygifyAefvh;eef.awj.sw.wlif.edkif;ydkwf,zknf, ymifvduf;cmof:rh;tgef, e[:cmof:wmif:edkif;vdlef vdlefymhbl,ul;yD;eh. trf,qmif;yluf:ygifyefvh; P;vkuf;tgef,wh:pof:cof rD:erf.q[ref;uSef, erf.q[puf.qdlof.qmwf;qdlof.cdlof:qSwf;qmif,vh;/ vkuf;tgef,cofqdlof:q[.wdkof:uGmrf:wh:pof:auj; vh;pefbgrf:rj:

at,rj:vgh:vgh:bof.sv; vDvh;rh;q[qgrf:aw."bl,/

zmh,Oj,Oej,ehauj; wD;ygwf:oef:tguf,rD:uRif:wh:bl,Ogifvif? yAefuRif:ODIdrif,uvj,Omhcdlof:sv; uRif:oAif:Odlof/ zmh,ygwf:oef:wluf:rD:uRif:qgrfrlef:/ ugyf;wD;uRif:wh:pof: yluf:wif;oh.eh. uhbmefuefoh. wif:yguf.wD;bl,yD;egif.wh:pof:oh.sv; Oj,Oej,zmh,wh: trf,Nrf,vlrf;wh:rdlif:ukwf;vh;/ rD:wh:urf;zgif; qdlof:bmrf;cdkef;uRif:vgif:rguf,bl,wj,aO,eef.ulnf: uh.cdkef;uRif:aOurf;yj;erfsw. uRif:wD;v[qrfauj; yj:ugj,cdkef;qgrf:ydlef;bl,bof./ rmifqdlof: ymhvdlofOj,Oej,trf,cof;tguf:sv; vSuf;vmh;zj,Oj, cof;ql:qmof:wmif,qdlof:auj; Orf.bif:rD:ugef,bof./

qgrf:vlnf; ydlifyAefeif,vmwf;rj:qdlof:eh.aO yD;egif.wh:rdlif:ukwf;pof:cof vh;bAef:ugj,bAef:ugj,vgh:"bl,bof./ vdlofaOvh;Okrf: clof:cgiftguf,e[:vdefedlofvdef ul;ydlifeef.bof.aOtrf,uj: Orf.vh;Okrf:yj: cdlof:ulef:eh. wkrf.wdlof.wj, qdlof.qmwf;qmof:cdlof:aw."bl,/ vdeftdkefulef: trf,rlwf:OAif;vh;aOwauj; ulef:tdkefulef: awrlwf:OAif;bl,bof./

yD;egif.wh:rdlif:ukwf;pof:cof qdlof:wdkuf.pkoj;cofyAefwh:bl,eef. vh;oj;rD:erf.q[puf. qdlof.cdlof: omef;rdlif:bl,auj; wdkuf.rdlefulef:uGifwmif:bl,wD;e[:egef:zefeef.bof./

rdlof;avj.crftkif tofavj.vmuf;tguf, qif,awvh;? rdlof;vlwf.crftkif tofvlwf.vmuf;tguf,qif,awvh;? rdlof;qmif.crftkif tofqmif.vmuf;tguf, qif,awvh;ehaO wD;e[:yyf.zj,Oj,wh:qef.Nuf:eef. Oif,Ogefoh.bl,/ bmrf:rdlof;vAof

77qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

yD;egif.wh:rdlif:ukwf;pof:cof crfbl,e[:tkifoh.vlifbl,/ OifyD;egif.wh:pof:cof trf,wlnf:pefxdkifqdkif awvh;rluf:qlrfugj,bl,bof./ wh:pof:eif,uef cSef:awj;tgefuefwdkwf.wmh: qkifqefvmuf,tguf,P;vh;aOurf:/

eyf.brfaO-OSifrdlif:ukwf;

zdkeftdef-

- rdk;ukwfrSwfpk (armifxGef;OD;)/- urÇmuodwJh jrefrmhywåjrm;ajr (armifxGef;OD;)/- azmifawmfOD;bk&m;ordkif; (t&SifOwå&ÓP)/- rkd;ukwfausmufrsuf&wemajr (orkdif;rSwfwrf; armfuGef;urÁnf;ausmufpm)/- vduf;wdkuf:Olef: wj,auj,Omif; Nif:apj aujvduf; zdif;si; rdlif:ukwf; (qmh:xkef:at:-uAyf:Mrf)

* * * * * * *

acj;Oif,Ogefykwf.xqof;

uj;eif,vkvSofbj,iSofrh;q[cdlif;rAof:v[auj;ayj:awj;udkrf:ehtedqfq awrD:v[/

xlyf:nj:wkuf.cbj,xcmif:z[Okculnf:auj;ayj:awj;rD:ehwkuf.cOrf. awrD:v[/

uj;vmwf;trf,vh;bj,ch;zdwf:q[vmwf;rAof:v[auj;ayj:awj;vh;ehtewf.w awrD:v[/

xrf:qof;ykwf.xj,bj,vdkrf:ymhiof;eif,qof;Oif,OgeftgefuefuBmif.uh.uwf:bAefeh. qif,qmif;vh;/

(qof;tkyAuf.cj,)

vDvDrD: q[xrf,r - vDbj.ySwf; clof:rgifvDyluf:ygif cdlof:wh: - vDuGj,q[: yD;egif.vDOlif,Mif.vmwf;oh: - vDpAwf:z[:qdlof.qmwf;vDrmwf;wgif:udkrf:oh. - vDuh.pAwf:cdkifOmif;vDbmif;qgrf:'dif;si; - vDOdkyf,sz;vduf;vmh:vDymh:pAwf:vgif;vD - vDODySwf;q[eluf,vDwluf,q[P;cdkef; - vDqSuf,bdkef;szyefvDpefxrf,rTwj:rBmwf;bof./

qof;tIdb (ukif:Oj,? oAif:vj;OAof;)qlof;cmof:-wj;ukif;

wgef;Ogefqldof:cof

P;arjtofuGmrf:erf:

ygif;uGmrf:tefoj; ]]wgef;Ogefqldof:cof P;arjtof}}eh. ayj:rj:qSuf,wlnf:vDvDqkdif awpefrD:oh.bl,OD,acj;/ wgef;acj;ekdif; Ogefacj;ekdif; qldof:cofacj;ekdif; P;arjtofacj;ekdif;qldif.ehoh.bl,/

]wgef;} tefoj;eh. ygif,oj; ]wgef;uef}ekdif;wgef;ekdif;uef? ekdif;ygwf:ekdif;wgef;qldof:eef.bof./ ]Ogef}eh. ygif,oj; ]tefxkuf,vDbldif; vDtofOdrf:ySif:oh.eef. Ogefseyef vguf:vhm:ref:/ ]qldof:cof}eh.aw. qSif;vSif:vDbl,ref:auj;yAefpmif;zmif qldof:tefqSif;seyefeef.bof.? trf,qmif;Ogef,yAef yldifwhmsw."/pmif;zmifrmifqldof: awyAefulef:qgrf:pdrf:Mrf:Ogefseauj;rD:? pmif;zmifrmiftefOrf. yAefcldif;teftrf,rD:q[sv; wlofOwf:Ogefseauj;qmif;rD:bl,eif,uof,/ ]P;arjtof}eheef.Orf.ygif,oj; ]acj;Oif,Ogef tefxkuf,vDbldif; vDtofOdrf:ySif:oh.qdlof:eef. P;arjtofOdrf:ySif:oh.aObof. P;arjtofq[.wkdof:uGj, ykef;wj,qmwf;ymefqof;uof,}ehbof./ yAefqldif.pkdofauj;vD wgef;Ogefqldof:eh. ayj:vDauj;tofq[. ayj:trf,vDauj; oh.yefulef:rj:vlzhm,viftofwkdof:uGj,sv;bkrf,brfoj; awyAefcgef.wof.vD ykef;wj,zl;vlvduf;pof:cofbl, ygwf:tgef,wgef;ekdif;ehsv;qif,vh;wSrf;qSuf,szyefrj:bl,/

vAuf:wguf,Ndef:sv;wmif:zdwf:awj:O

rldof;eef. rD:qhm:tgef, tefq[pmof;q[oh:q[ygwf: awj:Ob[,ej,eef.auj.ekdif;? bl,trf,pkdif xkdifrj:oef:ekdif; ayj;ref:qif,tof vAuf:rh,ej: xlifekdif; yefref:aO vmwf;oj; ]]r[:q[vrf rldof;v[auj; tofvAuf:eh. uGj,wguf,wD;Oofzhm,vifNdef:eef. ekdif;vSrf;ej;}}ehbof./oef:tgefwmif:Okwf:eef. qhm:tgef,auj.eh.ckdef:uGj,eyf.tmef,wlnf: vSrf;vAuf:tefref:tofuGj,wguf,oh.wD;Oofeef. wif:erfref: rD:uGj,(37) vSrf;bl,bof./ pAwf:eefaO q[vrfyguf;v[auj; tofvAuf:rh,ej: uGj,wguf,oh.wD;Oofeef.wduf:wduf:sv; pkdifrj: qhm:tgef,auj.eh. ckdef:xdif:bldef.vh; q[awj:Oref:rj:bl,/ oef:tefuGj,wguf,vAuf: wD;Oofeef.auj; st,rmifbgrf:rj:ul;oef:bof./ vldofeef. qhm:tgef,eh.]]vgif;xdif:q[vrfawj:Oeh. ihm;vldofaOtofvAuf:uGj,wguf,wD;Oof}}tefoj;eef.auj; arjygif,q[rj:bof./ vkdef:Okwf: oef:tefref:qhm:trf,tguf,q[vrfaO arjbl,bldef.vh;awj:Oref:auj; rD:rj:vh;bl,eif,uof,/ oef:eef.qhm:tgef,eh. qif,vSef;uGj,ql: wD;ayj;ref:aOoj; ]ayj;cj;Jqhm:xdif:vh; q[awj:Obof.atj;}eif,ehbof./ ayj;ref: qif,ckdef:q[.xSif;rAof:ekdif;oj; ]]ayj:oj; r[:trf,q[vrfaO bl,vh;uGj,oef:ekdif;auj; r[:ckdef:xgefySwf; ekdif;oef:ekdif;vSrf; rldof;cmof:qrfegef:eef.vl:}} ehbof./oef:ref:pkdifrj:auj; qhm:tgef,eh. qif,uGj,vmwf;seayj;ref: oj; ]]ayj;cj; vAuf:qldof:eh.qhm:xgeftguf,ySwf;vh; rlwf:bof.atj; trf,ukdwf:

79qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

aOvSrf;bof.cj;}}ehsv; ayj;ref:qif,ckdef:bdyf:qkiftof rkdof:vkuf;qhm:ref:aO uGj,ql:wD;Oofeef.aO oj; ]]vkuf;qhm:uof cSef,sw.vl:?ulnf:uj; vkuf;qhm:uofwlnf:vDvDugef,sv; wD;Oofeh. Orf.oj;vkuf;qhm:uof xgefySwf;vh; vSrf;vAuf:qldof:eef. wif:OAif;vh;aOwj.auj; ukdwf:yAefN:yAefMh:oh. trf,q[;pkdof? Oofeh.trf,pmif;vDtrf,vof:rldefuof,bof. tefoj;eef. vkuf;qhm:pefbl,trf,q[;pj./ tldof;~vkuf;qhm: rldof;r[:q[vrfaO pkdwf:vj,tguf,Olyf:uGj,eef. wD;yldef;wmif,auj.auj; awukdwf:oh.Mh:qAyf: qldif.eif,wD;OofyAefN:yAefMh:oh.eh.bl,eif,uof,bof./ rldefehulnf:eif,uof, vkuf;qhm:vmuf;tofrdwf;wSif:O[,ulef:auj.ekdif; Orf.ckdef:xgef,tguf,aO Mrf:rkdof:oh; bgef:P;ref:ygif,q[ ygh,omif:cGmif:yef oj;ehaOugef,sv; vkuf;qhm:uj;ay.c[;oh; bgef:cGmif.yAefvhmyguf;auj;bof.vj; yduf.Orf.oj; wD;Olyf:ulef:auj.eef. vmwf;tguf,oj; ]omif:cGmif.yefbl,} ehaOauj; Mh:qAyf:Mh:tmwf:eef.aw. wkdef:awukdwf:rD:oh.bl, trf,umwf;bof. vkuf;qhm:tldnf.}}ehbof./ wD;sw.ref: wh:auj.tefoj;eh. ref:yAefuSof;Iwej,vDvliftefekdif;/ wh:auj.cofarjpAwf:P; pof:rD:wmif:Oldof:q[? cofarjyefpSif:pof:? arjNrf;wkuf.Nrf;Odlof:qgrf:uef? pof:wldof.q[aO ykdwf,vmwf;secofqldif.pkdofauj; cofwkdef:oh.q[b[,q[bmof:aO xgrf,yefvDvD ull;acj;ul;urf:bof./ ugyf;eef rmiftefeh. bj,qgrf:q[rj,etwfw qof;uof,ej,zSofaO vj;vDpAwf:Mwf:vlifuGj,/ bj,P;cofvh;ukdwf:oh. Mh:rmwf,qAyf: e[:q[cofqldif. eif,vuf:Oofukdwf:oh. yAefN:yAefMh:eef.aOurf:/

umuf,aOj:wmif:rlef;Oldof:

ulef:clif:umiful;auj. z[z[auj; N.awj; awc[;rD:wmif:rlef;Oldof:bl, pif:z[pif:ref:bof./wj,awrD:wmif:rlef;Oldof:eef. urf;zgif; pjMrfclof:cgiftkuf.qj,ikdef:crf: cyf.wrf:e[:wlduf; e[:ymef,oh.erf" xmif,oj; awvh;wmif:rlef;Oldof:qSwf;qmif,sw.sw./ urf;zgif;Orf. uGj,pjrlef;qgrf:vkuf;vmif:emif:ar:sv;yD;egif. tlnf:auj.tlnf:aO; tguf,wj;tguf,wmif: wrf:omif:zSefumefsw."oj;"bl,/ ulnf:uj; rldof;vh;wmif:rlef;Oldof:auj; awj.sw.rD:rj:qlof;uSyf.qlof;cmof:ulnf:? trf,cmrf,pkdif/ urf;zgif;auj; wlif.ekdifckdifygifpAwf:Omif;umefvDukOlof, wif:b[,wif:erfbl,/pkdif"rj:auj; rldefpmif;trf,vmuf,vhm:Oifsw."/urf;zgif;Orf.av,pjvAyf;pAef: wmif:N.wmif:pefe[:vduf;vhm:yhmay,sv; wlofxlyf:wmif:eguf;Oguf;"wof" pjMrftofwmif:N.wmif:arjwduf:wduf:bl,/ xmif,awxlyf:pef wmif:Oldof:q[qSwf;auj;ugyf;oj; trf,rSef;umuf,aOj:ref:vDsv; wmif:rlef;Oldof:q[eef.auj; trf,vh;xlyf:peftefqSwf;ref:sw."/

rmifyguf;rmifv[ ulef:qldof:tefbl,pdrf:udefqrfuef wD;tefpof:uh."bl,Oof:uGj,rj:wj,aO,sw,uGj, clof:cgiftkuf.qj,tefrD:tOmuf; sv;trf,rD:tOmuf;wif:OAif;qldof:eh. qmif;arjxkuf,rSef;q[pof:? qeftofq[pof: yj:qgrf:uGj,vh;ihm;"bl,/ nj:rldof; pof:trf,zmif.rSef;eef. acj;uGmrf:tefcofvmwf;tguf,rj:sv; vgif;wlif.ekdifpAwf:Omif;cofeef.auj; qmif;rj:qeftofq[pof:yj:qgrf:OAifcofsv; vgif;wlif.ekdifcofeef.bl,eif,uof,/

80 qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

rldof;yguf;ekdif; ulef:wSrf;vduf;zkdefcmof, auj.ekdif; qlof:yj:tlnf:auj.ref:aO uGj,Okdof.vduf;zkdefcmof,qgrf:wmif:wD;ekdif;/ ayj:Okdof.bof.auj;tlnf:auj.ref:eef. vmwf;uGmrf:cgyf;q[ awj,ulef:chmvduf;zkdefcmof,eef.bl,aOwj. ulef:chmvduf;zkdefcmof,Orf. trf,wuf:OAifawj,ref:sv; zl;wSrf;vduf;zkdefcmof,eef. qif,oj;wD;tlnf:auj.ref: ]]thm;eh. trf,N.vgif;bAef,si;aOtdwf:ulnf:}}

]]ref:wkdef:rldefeh wj,aO,tldof;}}]]r[:N.bl, ref:yAefulef:qldif.eh Orf.wkduf.

uGj,vmwf;uGmrf:cgyf,q[ awj,ref:pAwf:Oifvj,}}

]]ugyf;Oifsv; vgif;wlif.ekdif vgif;pAwf:Omif;uofOrf. awvh;vSuf;vhm;ugyf;ref:vj,}}tlnf:auj. ref:ckdef:wgyf,uGj,eif,ehbof./

wD;aw.ref: ulef:pof:ul;auj. rD:oh.umuf,aOj:wmif:rlef;Oldof: pif:z[pif:ref:bl,/ ulef:auj.tefrD:umuf,aOj: wmif:rlef;Oldof:eef.ref:wkdef:trf,rD:wmif:rkif;rgif: wj,vh;wmif:rlef;Oldof:wD;yldef;aOtrf,uj: arjtofwmif:rlef;Oldof:wD;ref: qSuf,yefyldef;ugef,bof./ wD;z[wD;ref: wkdef:rD:oh. umuf,aOj:wmif:rlef;Oldof:q[bl,/ulnf:uj; pof:uh.av,tofumuf,aOj:eef. uGj,oh.wD;yldef;bl,bof./ emif:bdif:auj.ekdif;cmif:oj; ]]zlofcj;emif:eh. trf,wgef.bl,Ndef:aOyguf;? ukrf,tguf,cmof:wmif:bl,wj,aO, cj;emif:trf,rlef;Oldof:aOtdwf:}}eif,eh? ugyf;ref:tofumuf,aOj:wmif:rlef;Oldof:ref:emif:oh.ySwf; wD;zlofref:bof./ vkif:auj.ekdif; ]]rD:vkuf;vmif:auj; trf,vuf:vSrf uofOkuf.Omuf.q[ej,}} cmif:oj;eh? eh.auj; ugyf;ref: tofwmif:rlef;Oldof:oh.wD;vkuf;

vmif:ref:OAif;"eef.bof./ ehm:auj.ekdif;auj;cmif:oj; ]]vkuf;y[.uofeh. trf,eyf.brfuof? z["auj; yefikdef:aOOkdof.tofvgef.vgef.bof.wkduf.rj:oh.ej;cAif;wjcSifawj,uofbl, vDq[OAif;ej,}}oj;eh? cofqldof:eh. wif:cmif:cofrldefuefrlwf:bof./ yAefbgef.yldof; cofygh,yefulef:rmifqldof:pdrf:Mrf:bdyf:urfvh;tj,Ikif,cof? yAefbgef.yldof;coftofumuf,aOj:wmif:rlef;Oldof:cof uGj,tmyf;yefyldef;wif:ykduf:eef.bof;/ urf:vkdef:ref:auj;wD;cofsw. ukdwf:vgif;crfq[ vgif;q[vrfcmif:arj:?vgif;trf,Oldof:rlef;vhm"ulnf:bof./ zl;auj.tefbdyf:urfoh. umuf,aOj:wmif:rlef;Oldof:qof;uof,vh;eef. wkdef:trf,yefyldef;bdyf:urf tlrftkdefvh;q[(tj,Ikif,)cofaOyguf;? ul;vgif;ul;rAof:eef.wkdef:tofvgif;vDaO wSyf:wwf: xwf:Omifbl,bof./ trf,wgef.y[.rkif;rgif:wmif:rlef;Oldof:wD;yldef;yefrj:/ ugyf;eefsv; umuf,aOj:wmif:rlef;Oldof:q[qof;uof,rD:wD;v[? oh.wD;z[auj; ckdef:tofP;vh;oh:"wj./ ayj:trf,q[;qldif.eef qof;uof,awvh;rD: wmif:Oldof:q[rldof;v[bof.vj,/

acBj:uvSwf.rh;rh;uguf:ekdif;

rmifyguf;rmifv[ bgef.pof:wlnf:uhej,sv;auj.bl,qrfpof: tduf,wmif:cldif;bdyf:wmif:wkdof:tefrD:pdrf:pof:eef. xmif,oj;trf,ayj:cof;wmif:wkdof:aw." trf,rD:uj;ceferfaw."ehugef,bof./ wmif:ygif,q[qldif.eheh. yAeftefzdwf:oh.aw.bof./ awqmif;vh;eSifq[ohm:ref:ugef,bof./

ulef:ekrf,qkrf:ekdif; yAefulef:ckdef;Nif:pAef:vh;qkrf;cl:bof.? vh;umeful;qldof:"bl,/ rD:oef:ekdif; cofolef.ckuf:q[vh; ukef:rkefcl:Ogefcofsv;

81qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

tgefuefpmif;pSef:wmif:udef tduf,clof:wgef;pif:z[pif:ref:aO uGj,ql:qef.qgrf wD;cl:OgefcofrD:eef.bl,/ tgefuefwlif.wuf. uGmrf:bl,vDudefomefuefbof.aO ohm:eef.urf:ekdif; cofqif,tgefuefcmif:se wmif:bmyf,zkdwf,uefz[ref:bl,bof./ cl:Ogefvlifauj; wj,awtofacBj:uvSwf.rh;rh;aO vAif.vkuf;pAef:ref:eef.qif,cof;uGj,tof e[:Mif;rkdof.cof;zuf:eef.bof./bdyf:tofwif:arj;acBj:uvSwf.sv; wif:uguf:ul;rAof:" tguf,rj:ql:vkuf;pAef:qldof:eef.bl,/ e[:uj;uguf:qldof:eef. rmifqldof:yAefuguf:uSof; uguf:vdefuguf:pdef uguf:auj, uguf:rh. uguf:aq; qldof:eh.bof./ref:qif,vmwf;oj; ]]qhm:cofbdif:coftldnf: Oltgefuefugef.udef qgrf:eif,Olvh;q[ pif:z[pif:ref:wj.}}ehbof./

rldof;zgif: cofugef.udefpif:z[pif:ref:bl,eef. cl:Ogefqif,vmwf;oj; ]]Oltgefuefzmif.wlnf:sv; ayj:yAefuguf: tefuj;cefb[,pmif;vDref:sw. tgefueftofq[.wkdof: ayj:yAefuguf:uj;cefat, pmif;qj.ref:Orf. trf,c[;wlnf:pef trf,q[;pj.? vgif;tefqof;uof,c[;vh;tefcSrf.Okwf:ref:eef. yAefzdif;wkdef:yAefref:bl,bof./ tefOlvmwf;bl,bmrf:vAof tefyAefyefpjwif:vmhsv; vgif;Okuf.bkif;q[qldof:eef. yAefiof;pmuf;yldifvlifref:bof./ wD;aw.ref: uguf:tefOlO[,udefsv; acBj:uvSwf.tefOlOlwf.udefbl,eef. erf.omefref:trf,uyf:uhm,Oifuefwif:uguf:ref:/ pof:N.oj; uguf:ref:uj;cefb[,aO qif,Orf.zmif.rSef;wlnf:pef uj;ceferf.omefacBj:uvSwf./ wD;sw.ref: tefOlc[;udefeef. trf,q[;uguf:ref:vl: yAefacBj:uvSwf.ulnf:/ eh.OlOrf.oh.uguf:ref:uj;cefb[,?

bof.auj; auj.ekdif;sv;auj.ekdif; tgefuefwlnf:uguf:uef? omef,ymef.tefoj;eef. ref:rldefacBj:uvSwf. tefr[,r[,eh.ulnf:/ umefOlqef.xmef;Olsv; cSyf:Ol:ukef:rkefOlqldof:eef. ref:rldefuefwif:uguf: tefOlO[,udefacBj:uvSwf.eh.ulnf:/ qldof:eef. yAefcldif;bdyf:wmif:wkdof: wj,awbdyf:urfsu;vdwf;yefpj e[:qmwf;ymefOluGj,uj;eef.ulnf:tldof;/ clof:cgiftefrldefeif,uguf: OlO[,udefqldof:eef. vldofaOtrf,ykdwf,se wD;ygif,erf.uwf.qmwf;ymefOlaObof. ref:trf,pAwf:P;qmwf;ymefOlvSuf;vhm;vh;}}eif,eh/

ref:auj;q[;bl, rmifyguf;eh. ugyf;pof:ukrf,q[wdwf:qyf:uguf: tefpof:udefe[:ref:eef.ulnf:aO vh;Okrf:Okef,vh;Okef,yAef wj,N.pef erf.omefacBj:uvSwf.eef.bof./ ulef:ul;auj."eh. wj,awN.peferf.omefacBj:uvSwf.rh;rh;eef. wkdef:rD:Okef,vh;Okef,yAefpif:z[pif:ref:bl,/ ulnf:uj; Orf.uGj,vlduf;rSef; uguf:tefpof:O[,udefeef.ulnf:? Orf.oj;rD:Okef,vh;qdrf: erf.omefacBj:uvSwf.bl,aOwj.auj;ugyf;trf,arjtofsv; pmrf:ySwf;vhmvhmbl,bof./

vlyf:vifwgef;Ogefrhmekdif;

]]vAuf:wguf,Ndef:sv; wmif:zdwf:awj:O}}eh. oj;vlnf;wmif:zdwf:awj:O q[vrfq[pmof;bof./ zgif:rldof;qof;uof,q[vrf tguf,awj:Oeef. tofvAuf:vSrf;ekdif; uGj,wguf,wD;OofNdef:qof;uof,wlnf:vl:/ rldof;qof;uof,xdif:ay.vh; q[awj:Oeef. ckdef:uGj,xgefvAuf:vSrf;eef.tguf,wlnf:vl: wD;Oofeef.awyAefpkdofoh./wD;Oofeef. wuf:awvh;pefN: pefMh:ukdwf:rD:

82 qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

oh.bl,eef.bof./ rldefeefbof. zgif:rldof;qof;uof,tguf,q[vrfawj:OaO ygif.xj.vj,yldef; oj;yl def; Orf.ayj:trf,rD: wD;vDtofOifsv;ohm:aO awj:Oay,bof. Orf.ckdef:uGj,bgef:cGmif:wmif: zdwf:wD;ref:eef. yduf.Orf.oj;ref:ygh,omif:cGmif:yefbl,aOwj.auj; Mh:qAyf:e[:q[ref:eef. wkdef:ukdwf: xiftgif:oh.bl, trf,umwf;bof.tefoj;eef. P;vh;arjuAy f:tofwgif:rhmo h.aOurf:/

wgef;OgefrhmOgif]umuf,aOj:wmif:rlef;Oldof:}eh. ayj:qof;uof,

tofuGj,tmyf;yef e[:rkdof:yldef;wmif,auj.qkdif wmif:rlef;Oldof: wD;qof;uof,eef.auj; awNif;phmvhmuGj,bl,/ umuf,aOj:wmif:rlef;Oldof:eh. wkdef:bl,oh.e[:urfrkdof:qof;uof,bl, ul;cmof:bmrf:/ rD:wD;qof;uof, arjwlnf:arjtofoh.ulnf:/ rldefqldif.eif, acj;uGmrf:auj.tefoj; ]bgef.Oifsv;vgif;pAwf:Omif;wlif.ekdifuof awvh;pAwf:vSuf;vhm;ugyf;ref:vj,}eheef. ugyf;oj; ref:wkdwf.qefsy.vh;q[ref: trf,yefP;vSuf;vhm; bgef.wmif:pAwf:Omif;wlif.ekdif wmif:vmwf;qjyldef;wmif,auj.eef.bof./ zl;auj.tef bdyf:urfoh.umuf,aOj: wmif:rlef;Oldof:qof;uof,vh;eef.wkdef:trf,yefyldef;bdyf:urf tlrftkdefvh;q[(tj,Ikif,)cofaOyguf;? ul;vgif;ul;rAof:eef. wkdef:tofvgif;vDaO wSyf:wwf:xwf:Omifbl,bof./trf,wgef.y[.rkif;rgif: wmif:rlef;Oldof:wD;yldef;yefrj:/ ugyf;eefsv; umuf,aOj:wmif:rlef;Oldof:q[qof;uof,rD:wD;v[? oh.wD;z[auj; ckdef:tofP;vh;oh:oh:wj./

wgef;OgefrhmOmrfacj;uGmrf:cl:Ogefvlifvmwf;eef. qkdof;q[;

rmef,rSef;aw." tefpof:c[;vh;c[;yAefsw.aw.eef. ref:trf,q[;cSyf:Ol: ukef:rkefqef.xmef;qldof:eef./ ref:yAefOduf;(cl;vh)wgef;wj, pAwf:P;zoqmwf;ymefpof: ckdef;b[,uwf:bAefsv; yAef;cldif;bdyf:wmif:wkdof: wgef;wj,awsu;vdwf;yefpj rguf;uemef.ulnf:/ yldifwSuf;ref: ulef:pAwf:Ndef:cofeh. awvh;rD:cldif;pAwf:Ndef: rldefeif,cgef.qguf:? rh.xwf:? rhwj,wSuf;? urfpSif;wj,rhm sw,uGj,qldof:eh.ugef, qif,awqmif;pAwf:Ndef:bl,bof./ eh.auj;eif,eefayj:rD:qef.xmef; ej;umefsv; cSyf:cl: ukef:rkefynf,nj,aOvgif;ugef, zoqmwf;ymef qof;uof, qif,awOldof:rlef;uwf:bAefvh;bof./ ulnf:uj; cSyf:cl:ukef:rkef qef.xmef;qldof:eh. bj,ayvkdrf:oj; ]]ref:rldefuguf:wj,O[, acBj:uvSwf.rh;rh;eef.ulnf:/ ref:yAefOduf;cl;vh wj,awbmif;cof;ql: wD;ckdef;b[,uwf:bAefeef.ulnf:}} trf,q[;vgef.uSef zoqmwf;ymefqof;uof,sw.sw.eheef./

ayj:c[;pjwmif:Oldof:rlef; uwf:bAef qSwf;qmif,aw."qkdif bj,ayuGj,pje[:qef.xmef;sv; cSyf:cl:ukef:rkefqldof:eef./ pjtofe[:zoqmwf;ymef tefqof;uof,vh;xlyf:rj:qldof:eef.sv;? ayj:eefugef, qof;uof,qif,awqmif;pefvh; wmif:uwf:bAefqSwf;qmif,aw."/ ugyf;eef auj.tefbl,pdrf:qrfpof:sv;cldif;clof:tefrD:pdrf:Mrf:pof:eef. bj,oh.rofrmifbj,wlnf:cmrf;ylef.uGj,aOurf:/ ugyf;oj; cofyAefauj.tefvrf,vgif; cldif;tefvrf,vgif;vlifykef;wj,qof;uof,yldifekdif;eef.bof;/

83qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

P;arjoh.uj;cef auj.bl,qrfqhg;xSrf qof;uof,sv; cldif;bdyf:wkdof: pdrf:Mrf:qof;uof, z[ref:aOurf:vlnf;/

qof;tkyAuf.cj,

zdkeftdif-

qldif:puf.wgef;Ogefq[

qAifcrf:vSif:qAifcmof:rguf,ugefuD;

qAifvuf:eD;yDwh:

qAifvgwf;ch:cmofymif,

qAifwmif,edloftgefiof;

qAifyAefqof;irf:b[,

qAifr[,cdkef;qgrf:ymef

qAifpwf:pmefykef;cdlof:pof:/

crf:rD:iof:Ndof;ygif,

crf:tgif,ay.az:cAef

crf:eh.yAefcrf:qSwf;

crf:rSwf;ylef.vdlofwgef:

crf:vgef.rgef:uSefvdkuf.

crf:cdkuf.uj;cefOkif

crf:zkifulef:tgefpuf.ySif:/

vSif:eh.vSif:trf,ogwf;

vSif:vgwf;wh;zh:ydlif:

vSif:wif:rdlif:rgif:y[.

vSif:oh.Omof:OD,rlif:

vSif:clif:umifuwf:qdkef;

vSif:eif,vdlefcdkef;rlef:

vSif:yefvkrf;ulef:wif:OAif;/

qgrfpmefcdlof: (rdlif:bh)

xkuf,vDN.pef

wlef;zlnf:rh.zdlofwefrD:yefrj:rmuf,auj;awj;trf,q[;ykef;ref:cdkef:udef ehoj,/

au:erf.vhvmhtefrD:yefrj:erf.auj;awj;trf,q[;ykef;ref:cdkef:udef ehoj,/

qdlof:olof:sr;auj;eefrD:yeferf.elrf:auj;awj;trf,q[;ykef;ref:cdkef:udef ehoj,/

Oif,cj,qof;qdlof:tefOgefpAef:pefxrf:auj;awj;trf,q[;ykef;cofpAwf:tofwj,Okef,wlofehbof./

(qof;tkyAuf.cj,)

e[:yDwh: 2109 eD;eh. qof;vmof:rldif: vh;Mwf;ugj, e[:rldif:xh:? zgif:eef. wuj,qmh:auj.ekdif; xmrfoj; ]]wh:pof:eh. yAefulef:qmof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,rj: pkdifbof.ehaw.q[;bof.?ulnf:uj; zmif;pmif ykwf.xOj,Oej,wh: teftrf,rldefyldef; wmif,cldof:eh. rD:bl,cj;pqof;}}eh/ qof;vmof:rldif:auj; wgyf,oj; ]]rD:tldof;?qldof:eef.aw. rldefeif, rldof;zgif:vldefurfqof;Ipmef:Oif,cj,cofqof; Oguf.sw,omwf,?rldof;vldefOmrfrlef: vl, cof;bj,ck? vl, vlof?vldefOD,rlef: pAwf:yhg: vldefOD,? zgif:vldef cmof:Omif:uBmef, Ogef:Tzj:? pAwf:cof;rkef: apj,wgifulnf;? ulef:ekrf, ugj,pjuef,awj: ulef:xof;?cmof:e[:oj, ulef:xof; ulef:su, urfOdef egef:uRif:aO qof;wj,ecof Orf. pSef:vl,? Owf.xj, qj,u yj,IrD, cof;zuf: wj,ulef:egef:uRif:?zgif:tguf,oj, pAwf:yhg:tguf,oj,? ulef:ekrf, pjuef,awj: ulef:xof;? cmof:yhg:Omif,umef: pAwf:Omif,umef:cldof:? pAwf:yhg;Omif,vgif: Nrf;uef?ayj:qof;Ipmef:Oif,cj, cofqof; Nyf.pefuefsv; qof;yj:vAuf. uef,awj: qof;yj:b[,?wuj, ymif:rkefqof;? umyf;clof:vl,sv; tofzldef

rguf,aO ymif:? umyf;? vgif;uef,awj:vlyf:Odefqldof:eh. yAefzdif;si;wh: tefuyf:umh,vlnf;vgif;ykwf.xOj,Oej,aO trf,rldefyldef; ulef:wmif,cldof:tldof;}}ehbof./

uyf:umh,vlnf; vgif;tef ref:qmh:xmrfsv;qof;vmof:rldif: vh;wgyf,ugj,eef.aO Okdyf,tkyf,uefugj,xSif; wif:erfbof./ acj;tkyf,ukrfqldof:eef. pefoj; ]vSyf;awrD: zgef:vD}ehsv;vh;ykdif;tdif qAifcrf:vSif:aO ykdefsz;bof./q[;sw.bof.? eif,oj;rj:qldof:eef. wkdef:yAefzdif;si;wh: tefuyf:umh,vlnf; vgif;Oj,Oej,aO trf,rldefyldef; ulef:wmif,cldof:bof./

1. vgif;Oguf .sw,omwf;

e[:qldof:eef. rldefeif, vgif;tef qof;Ipmef: Oif,cj,cofqof; Oguf.sw,omwf;eef.yAefzdif;yldifOj,Oej, tefrj:e[:odeh:bof./rkefqof; yldef; wmif,cldof:auj; Oguf.sw,omwf,bl,eif,uof,/ ulnf:uj; P;zgrf.Nrf;uefaO pAwf:Omif; wD;vAof eif,rkefqof;wh:aw. wkdef:trf,vh;pef rkefqof; qmof:v[/ vgif;rkefqof;wh: Nrf;uef Oguf.sw,omwf;eh. av,uh.Nrf;uef

uj;Nyf.pef

qof;vmof:rldif: 2015-11-12

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 85pAwf:wD;oAif:bof./ tdifvlnf; qof;zcof teftkyf.yldif, zgif:irf: oAif:v[oAif:eef. qwf:pAwf:bof./ zgif:yhg:omwf;eef. bgef.yAefckef qwf:pAwf:sv; av,uh.rD:yj: ymifqmwf;OSif:? ymifawj,vgif:qldof:eh.vl:ugef,bof./ vgif;oj; uh.Nrf;uef pAwf:wD;oAif:eef. rldefeif, wD;oAif:au:OD:auj; awj,xkdifoef:cmof:rdlof;eh. wkduf.vh;pef rD:oh. ygif teftoftkwf,pAwf:oh.bof./uRif:eef.auj; qyf:qkdof;oj; ]uRif:ygiftkwf,}ehbof./ vldofaOeef. wD;vmh:cj;auj; vh;pefrD:uRif:ygifeif,uof,bof./

2. cof;bj,cksv; vlof

xSif;vgif;ekdif; ayj:oef:vldefOmrfrlef:eh.wh:wif:cldof: wif:rldif: wkdef:tgefuef pAwf:cof;bj,ckaO rldof:vl, wD;uRif:rkefqof;bof./ vdlofaOeef. crf;vldefOmrfrlef:eef. Orf.tgefuef vl,vlofbof./ vlof-tefoj;eef. tofrh.yluf,ekrf, vofySwf; zdofref:sv; rh.rmuf,zgwf.yguf,ySwf; ylduf,ref:aO wSyf:pAwf:ygwf: cyf.pAwf:eif, pmif;ugif:rl:eef.bof./ vgif;tef vofySwf; ylduf,ref: zdofref:eef. bgef.oj; yAefwj,awvl,sv; P;ref:cmofvD ygif,oj;ehbof./vgif;vh;vl, vlof zgif:vldefOmrfrlef:eef.bgef.rldif:wh: yAefrldif:uwf:sv; zgif:uwf:eef. bldif:ql:oj; ]]P;vh;vl,yef xmwf;tkef,wj,Tzj:yAefqof;}}ehaOsv; vl, vlofbof./vgif;vl, cof;bj,ckeef.auj; ayj:xkdif oef:vldefOmrfrlef:qkdif wkdef:pAwf:aOsv; rldof:vl,ul;Ndef:bof./ vgif;vl, cof;bj,ck oef:vldefOmrfrlef:eef. wkdef:yAef zdif;xkif:wh:bof./

3. yh g:vl defOD,

xSif;vgif;ekdif; rldof;vldefOD,rlef:sv; pAwf:yhg:vldefOD,eef.auj; yAefzdif;xkif:wh: tefuyf:umh,vlnf;Oj,Oej,aO trf,rldefyldef; ulef:qmof:ykwf.x wmif,cldof:bof./ vgif;pAwf:yhg:vldefOD,eef.aw. trf,rldefeif, pAwf:yhg:wmif,qldof.wmif,yldif/ yhg:wmif,qldof. wmif,yldif rldefeif, yhg:Omif,vgif: yhg:bmwf,erf.uRif:qldof:eh. vh;peftgefuef pAwf:vduf;zdwf;oguf,aO pjoguf, yD;z[,egif.ref:? tlnf:vDz[, tlnf:vDref:bof./ulnf:uj; yhg:vldefOD,aw. z[trf,vh;oguf, vh;ymif:z[aO tofwmif:pk wlofuof,? tofqvduf;wlofuof,aO tgefuef cof;yhg:ulnf:bof./ tefyAefeif,eefeef. tgefuef Mif.oj;]]yhg:zDymif:}}ehbof./ vgif; yD;egif.wh: tgefuefpAwf:yhg:vldefODeh. trf,q[;sv;oj; pAwf:wD;omef;z[, omef;ref:? ugj,tgefuefpAwf: wD;ugif:rl:tefqkdof;OAifvdkof:vif rldef,eif, ugif:rl:uAif:vldef? rldif:ukdif? Nofvkdif:? arj,uBLof, qldof:eh.bof./

4. cmof:Omi f:uBmef, Ogef:erf.Tzj:

xSif;vgif;ekdif; zgif:Omif:uBmef,sv; Ogef:Tzj:? pAwf:cof;rkef:apj,wgifulnf;? ulef:ekrf,pjuef,awj: ulef:xof;qldof:eef.auj; wkdef:yAefzdif;xkif:wh: tefuyf:umh,vlnf; vgif;Oj,Oej,aO trf,rldefyldef; ulef:wmif,cldof:bof./vgif;Omif:uBmef,sv; Ogef:Tzj:eef. bgef.yAefcmof:rh;sv; olef.xkdif vgif;Tzj:yAefqof;tkdyf:erf.? c[;tmyf,erf. rldof;oef: uSef,qof;qrfawqmrf, edyf.ymef,eef.aOsv; toferf.Nwf: Ogef:yef pkef,pmif; Tzj:yAefqof;aOsv; pAwf:yAef ykwf.xj,ekwf.Owdzj,o

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 86ej,bof./ vgif;Ogef:erf. pkef,pmif;Tzj:yAefqof;eh. yldef;eif,wh: wh:eif,yldef;aOwtefpAwf: uRif:Ogef:aOsv; Ogef:pkef,pmif;Tzj:eef.aw. wkdef:rD:wh:ulnf:bof./

vldofaOeef. zgif:cmof:Omif:uBmef,eef.zdif;xkif: yD;egif.wh: wkdef:pAwf: cof;rkef:apj,wgifulnf;aO vl,wmef: wD;uRif:rkefqof;?uef,awj: ulef:xof; ulef:su,bof./ cof;rkef:apj,wgifulnf;-ehaOw wgifumofsv; wgifqdifqldof:eh.auj; tofapj,bof./ vgif;vl, cof;rkef:eef. rdlof;ej;Omif:uBmef,awwluf:eef.auj;oj;]]vl,pyf.Omif:uBmef,? vl,cof;rkef:yDuof,}}ehaO pAwf:vl,yguf;ekdif;? ayj:Omif:uBmef,ckdef;bof. xkdifrldof; yDr[,ekdif;oef:eef.auj; oj;]cof;rkef:yDr[,}ehaO pAwf:vl,xSif; yguf,Ogifbof./ tefpAwf: rldof;yDuof,eef.aw. umrf.erfpAwf:udef pAwf:vl, pif:z[, pif:ref:aOwtefpAwf: rldof;yDr[,eef.aw. tofugj,vl,wmef:uef,awj:yj: ulef:xof;cofv[ ugef,bof./

vldofaOeef. ayj:omh:Omif:uBmef, xkdifrldof;yDr[,ekdif;oef:eef. tgefuef ckdef;uRif:rkefqof;aO omh:aOeef. ulef:ekrf, Orf.tgefuef ugj,pjuef,awj:ulef:xof;cof;bof./ vgif;uef,awj:ulef:xof;eef. av,pjuef,awj:ulef:xof; qldof:yAefOmhqldof.Ndof,ildef;aOtrf,uj: pjuefawj:yj: ulef:xof; ulef:su, qldof:tef urfOdefySwf, egef:uRif: rldof;zgif:e[:oj,eef.v[vl:ugef,bof./

5. vgi f;pSef:vl,sv; egef:uRif :

zdif;si;wh: tefuyf:umh,vlnf; Oj,Oej,ykwf.xaOsv; trf,rldefyldef; ulef:wmif,cldof:

eef. Orf.yAefvgif;tef ulef:xof; ulef;su,cof rldof:urfOdefySwf,aO egef:wD;uRif:rkefqof;eef.bof./ umrf.erf xof;qmh: egef:eldofuRif:aO xof;bdif: Orf.egef: wD;qvgyf;bof./qvgyf; wD;tef emh:Odefcofegef:eef.]]apjOdef}}ehauj; oj;bof./ vgif;egef:uRif:eef. Orf.Ogef, vgif;oj, eif,rkefqof;cofaO qldof:egef:uRif:vkdef:eef. Ogef,oj;]oj,vAuf.}aO qldof:egef:tgefwmif:eef. Orf.Ogef,oj; ]oj,b[,}ehaOsv; qldof:oj,vAuf. vh;yef wmif:eyf.brf qldof:oj,b[,cofbof./ pAwf:P;yAef uj,Io edoj,w rif,uvj,bof./ vgif;egef:uRif:eef. tgefuefegef: cmof:e[:oj, Omrfvldefbof./ vgif;pyf.OdefySwf,eh. yldef; wmif,cldof:auj; rD:eif,wh:aOw vgif;tef pyf.OdefySwf,bof.sv; trf,yguf;ckdef:Ndef:aO egef:wD;uRif:eh. wkdef:rD:wh:ulnf:bof./ yAefumefxmyf;Omif; eAuf.cryj,IrD, vmh:ekdif;bof./

vldofaOeef. xkif:qmrf,yD;egif.wh:eh.cmof:e[:oj, Orf.rD:vgif;pSef:vl,bof./ pSef:vl,tefoj;eef. rkdof.pkif cof;Ogrf: zuf:Ogrf:aOrldof:umyf;vl, rkefqof;? vl,wmef:cldif;vl, clof:wmef: rAof:tefukdif,vSyf; wD;uRif:aOtrf,uj:Orf.av,uh.vl,wmef:yj: ulnf;Ndof:crf:? cof;vlef.rmwf,? cof;vlef.ab:-ehqldof:eh.bof./

vldofaOeef. ayj:ulef:xof; ulef:au,cofrldof:egef:uRif:qkdif qof;wj,ecof qldof:rD:aq,wej,eef. Orf.tgefuef rldof:vAif.vlyefcof;erf.wmif:udefbof./ vgif;vAif.cof;zuf:ulef:egef:uRif:eef. ]qj,u}ehauj;oj;? ]yj,IrD,}ehauj;oj;? ]Owf.xj,}ehauj;oj;bof./ umrf.

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 87erf av,rldof:vAif. rldof;oef:tguf,OdefaOwymefrldof;vAofaw. bgef.rkefqof;pof:cof olef.vlnf; vgif;umefOgef umefpAef: wj,qof;Omif,qof;qmif:cofaOtrf,uj: Orf.olef.yj: umefph;ej: ugj,rj: ucmh wuj,cofsv; rmifwD;eh. av,tgefuef qj,u rldof;oef:Odefv[bof./ vgif;pSef:vl,sv; qj,u ulef:egef:uRif:eef. rmifyguf;auj; yAefulef:oj;vh; ygifyAefcof pSef:aOw umrf.erfaw. av,Nrf;uefpSef: wif:omef;?bof./ tefNrf;uef pSef:eef. yAefumefvDwj,vgif;zgrf.Nrf;bof./

6. yh g:tguf,oj,

xSif;yldifekdif; rldof;cmof:tguf,oj,eef. yD;egif.wh: Orf.tgefuef pAwf:yhg:tguf,oj,bof./ eyf.brf rldof;Tzj:yAefqof; vh;qAwf:oj,sv; rldof;apj:Twj: tzdxrf,rj, wD;rldif:zDaO ckdef:vlif:rj: rldif:ulef: rldof;oef:vldefOdyf:tAwf:rlef:tefoj;eef.aO pAwf:yhg: pyf.wgef;bof./ yhg:Tzj: vlif:rldif:ehauj; oj;bof./ zgif:yhg:tguf,oj,eef. tgefuefpAwf: cAif,wmif,ykwf;? umifcrf;rj:pAwf:yhg:eluf. yhg:wlof:? yhg,Nif:zh:odef? vl, wlef;wAef:? ulef:ekrf,cof pjuef,awj: ulef:xof;ulef:su,qldof:eef.bof./

vgif;pAwf: cAif,wmif,ykwf;eef. eyf.Ogef,oj; P;yAefuj,vwj,eaOsv; pAwf:bof./ cAif,wmif,ykwf;-tefoj;eef. ygif,oj;-yAefcAif, wD;wmif, rmuf,omuf;wmif:udef wj,ykwf.xqof;bof./rmuf,omuf; wSifxlof cof;r[, tefwmrfwlof vh;pAwf:Omif; pmif;ygifrj: e[:Olef e[:Nduf; e[:wlduf,ph;ej: qof;uof,eef. Nofykdif:Okwf: ayj:tofvl,wmef: ykuf.ulof, zl;rD:Odefcofqkdif yAefuj,

vwj,eyldifekdif;-e[:Twj:ykwf.x Oif,Ogefoh.eif,ehsv; yD;egif.wh: bldif:tmef: vgif;eef.aO vl,wmef: rldof;oef:tguf,oj, vldefOdyf:tAwf:rlef: oef:Tzj:vlif:rldif:eef.bof./

vldofaOeef. rldof;crf;tguf,oj,eef. Orf.tgefuef pAwf:yhg:eluf. yhg:wlof:bof./ eluf.wlof:eef. ej;omef; ekdif;omef; awvh;rD: eluf.?trf,eef wlof:bof./ rldof;Tzj:vlif:rldif:eef.qArfzDOmifOwf:ulef: tgefuef y[.pyf.wgef;ehsv; bldif:tmef:vgif;eef.aO yD;egif.wh:qif,pAwf: pmif;eluf.udif,eIj,sv; wlof:aO uj;eif, y[.pyf.wgef;Tzj:yAefqof;bof./ vgif;uj;eluf. uj;wlof:eh. rD:oh. zdif;xkif: eif,eefaOw ymefrldof;vAofaw. ulef:pof:cof trf,ayj:olef. vgif;zdif; vgif;xkif:aO z[ c[;pef rldof;v[auj; tofuj;se? ugj,wluf:Ol:auj; tofuj;se?vAif.cof;zuf: zl;b[, ulef:vlifcofauj; tofuj;sebl,sv; eif,pmif; c[;tof wD;ygif,ref:vkugj,bof./ wD;sw.ref: eluf.wlof:eh. vh;uj;rldof;crf;tguf,oj, vldefOdyf:tAwf:rlef:sv; crf;oj;xmyf;ulnf:bof./ rldoff;crf;tguf,oj,eef. wuj,z[, uRif:ref: tgefuef pAwf:yhg: tguf,oj, wD;uRif:z[, uRif:ref:? omh:aOeef. qldof:yAefuRif:bl,pdrf:udefqrfuef Orf.yef,ykwf;uefaOpAwf:ygh:oj,xmyf;xSif; ekdif;wD; ekdif;ckdef:bof./

zgif:yhg:tguf,oj,eef. bgef.c[;P;vh; OmhvSif:sv; ulef:vlifpof:cof tgefuef pAwf:yj:wlef;wAef:aO vl,bof./ wlef;wAef: tefoj;eef. tof sc;(rh.rlof, tefpSif;) quf:pAwf:Oduf;bof.aO tofrwf.pAwf:wkrf: P;b[,rguf;wlef;qdkuf. wlef;xmef tofumyf,ej apj,wmif:

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 88eguf;ref:oh. rAof:eef.bof./ wlef;wAef:eef.av,yluf:yuf:oh. e[:omif:uRif: qldof:wD;tef ulef:vSyf;awukdef: awcgef;eef.bof./ vldofaOeef. crf;yhg:tguf,oj,eef. Orf.av,uh.pAwf:Nif:zh:odefaO ygh,ckdef;umifpmofugj,v[bof./ vgif;yhg,Nif:zh:odefeef. bldif:tmef:oj; yAefwj, pyf.ymif:Tzj:yAefqof; ygwf:wmif: qlof;yh,vlif:xkdifeldofvdef rldif:ulef:ehbof./ wj,vkuf;tgef,aw.qmif;olef.oj; ]yAefwmif:pmif;vD wj,rlef;wj,auBj,}ehaOw wj,zl;b[,ulef:vlif qldof:rD:wmif:pkaw. Ogef,yAefykwf.xj,ekwf.Owdzj,oej,eif,uof,bof./

vldofaOeef. zgif:tguf,oj,eef. ulef:ekrf,cof Orf.yj:tof apj,cof; zuf:qguf:aOav,pjuef,awj: ulef:xof; qldof:urfOdefegef:uRif:eef.bof./ ygif,oj; tofcof;r[,aOpjvl,wmef: qldof:rD:Odefxrf:cofbof./ tefuef,awj: rldof;vldefpj;eef. yj: cof;rkef:apj,wgif,ulnf;? cof;rkef:vldefpj;aOw zgif:omh:oj,aw. bgef.cof;r[, xkdifbof.sv; tofcof;r[,aO uef,awj:ulnf:bof./ vgif;uef,awj: rldof;tguf,oj,sv; cmof:Omif:uBmef,eef. yAefumeftefpAwf:P;ulef:ekrf, eyf.brf ulef:xof;ulef:su, zl;b[,ulef:vlifcofaO yAefuj,Ioedoj,wrif,uvj,bof./

7. yh g:Omif,umef:

xSif;vgif;ekdif;auj; zgif:cmof:yhg:Omif,umef:eef. wh:pAwf:yhg:Omif,umef:aO vl,wmef:bof./ vgif;pAwf:yhg:Omif,umef:eef. tdifeldofyldif uxde wj,qof;Ipmef:aO yldef;pAwf: eif,wh: wh:pAwf:eif,yldef; rldefuefaOw vgif;

tef wh: ySuf;yldif;yldef;aw. yAefvgif;vl,wmef:Omif,umef:cldof:bof./ Omif,umef:cldof:-tefoj;eef. tofzSef,r[, tefrD: OD,Omif,umef:wwf:pAwf:ygwf: rguf;ckdyf; rguf;qgrf:aObof. Orf.tofrh Ohg.? zSef, ygwf:ekdif;sv; ygwf:ekdif; oh.pmif,uef rguf;edkif;omh; ekdif;cSefaOsv; tofrwf.qyf: wD;vSrf;rh.ugif,bj;v[? rh.sp.v[qldof:eh.bof./ Omif,umef:cldof:eef. rdlof;zgif:vAyf;uRif: P;tgef,bdif:cof bdyf:tofrh.ref:aOsv;yj:vAyf;? ayj:vAyf;bof. Orf.tofy[:oh. wD;uRif:vlif? ayj:yhg:bof. Orf.tofy[:oh. wD;ugif:rl:bof./

8. yh g:Omif,vgif:

zdif;xkif:wh: tefuyf:umh,vlnf;Oj,Oej,ykwf.xqof;aOsv; trf,rldefyldef; ulef:wmif,cldof: xSif;yldifekdif;aw. yAefvgif;tef Nrf;uefpAwf:yhg:Omif,vgif:bof./ yhg:Omif,vgif:eh. yldef;wmif,cldof:auj; pAwf:bl,aOw P;Nrf;uef wif:omef; wif:tldif,aO pAwf:yhg:b[,vmrf:vlifaw.wkdef:rD:wh:ulnf:bof./

9. yh g:uef,awj:

xSif;vgif;ekdif;qrf: ayj:qof;Ipmef:Oif,cj,cofqof; Nyf.pefuefqkdif qof;yj:vAuf. wkdef:uef,awj: qof;yj:b[,bof./ yldef; wmif,cldof:auj; uef,awj:uef eif,wh:bl,aOw uef,awj:uef e[:umef uj,burf,? tofwlofuef,awj: ckyf.oh;uef rguf;uj;emef.ekdif;ulnf:/ ulnf:uj; rkefqof;wh:aw. tofwlof ckyf.oh; uef,awj:ulnf:trf,uj: Olyf:auj; wkdef:uef,awj:yj:oj;]]wlefcrf: qof;cl:oj:J}}ehqugj,bof./ vgif;rkef,qof; uef,awj:uefeh. ymefrldof;vAof yAefatj:uj,O zmh,wh:aOw rldof;ugef, Orf.tgef

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 89uef q[.wkdof: zmh,yj,vdaOoj; ]]atjujOoefWjrp> Zefaw ujboqDraejurfareOYfY> tyIjX> aWjO> crwk ar Zefaw}}ehbof./ vgif;uef,awj:uefeh. Oifoj; rD:vgif;zdwf:ydlif;rj: aOOrf,aOyldifauj; P;ylwf:omif:cGmif:yhg,? Oif,trf,zdwf:auj; ygif,oj; P;yAefuj,Io edoj,w rif,uvj,bof./

10. vgif;zl defr gu f,

xSif;yldifekdif; zdif;xkif: yD;egif.wh: ymif:rkefqof;eh. rkefqof; awj,rkefqof; ymif:uefauj;sv;Oif? wuj, ymif:rkefqof;auj;sv;Oifwkdef:tofzldefrguf,? uguf:rguf,? trf,eefauj;yluf.rguf,bj;cof;wSuf,aO zdwf:ymif:bof./ ygif,oj; tofwmif vduf;zdwf;ymif:bof./ oj;eefaOw xkdifymefvduf;vmh:Ndif: eif,ymefrldof;vAofauj;q[.wkdof: vduf;vmh:ulnf: trf,pmef.q[sv; wkduf.q[.wkdof:yj: rguf,bj;cof;wSuf,bl,eef. ygif,oj;]wkduf.xdif:Odrf: zdif;uof,xkif:rgefbl,}ehbof./rkefqof;cofauj; zldefrguf, tefyldef; rj:ymif:wj,abj:cdif:eef. ayj:trf,yh,ugj,rj:bof.ehwkdef:trf,yh, ylifySwf;aO wrf:oh.bl, pdrf:wD;bl,wmef:Oof:cofqof;eef.bof./ ygif,oj; ulofvlifvkdrf: wj,ugj, wj,yh}}ehbof./

zldefrguf,bj,cof;wSuf,eh. yD;egif.wh: tofq[.wkdof: wj,zdwf;ymif:ulnf:trf,uj: tofq[.wkdof:yj: wj,wmifclof:vl, clof:wmef:bof./ clof:vl, tefrD:wD;uheef.sv;Oif? tefbgif;trf,ay.eef.sv;Oif? tefrkefqof;coftrf,ukdif,vDpyf.eef.sv;Oif vh;tofzldef,rguf, wmifaOsv; umyf;vl,ugj,bof./ clof:vl, teftrf,udkif,pyf. tefoj;eef. rldefeif, cof;vdyf:

zuf:vdyf:? wmif:udef tefvlof,Odrf:oh. oef:bmof: cmof:pkdifqldof:eef.bof./ clof:vl,eif,eefeef. ayj:pyf.qkdif rkefqof;cof qmif;xkuf,tj,ymwf;aO ayj:trf,umyf; wuj,cof Orf.trf,vh;vl,wmrfwlof? trf,yAefOjpwf.xduwj,esv; P;ayj:Omif,xkuf, wif:Ogifzmh,eef.vh;tofzldefrguf, wmifaOsv; umyf;vl,bof./

11. vgi f;uef,awj:vly f:Odef

xSif;vgif;ekdif; vgif;tefyD;egif.wh: pyf.Odefbof.sv; uef,awj:vlyf:Odefeef.auj;yAefzdif;xkif:wh: tefuyf:umh,vlnf;Oj,Oej,ykwf.xqof;aO trf,rldefyldef; ulef:wmif,cldof:bof./ rldof;awpyf.Odefsv; uef,awj:eef.yldef;auj; rldefwh: wh:auj; rl defyldef;aOw vgif;tefuef,awj: vlyf:Odefeef.aw. wkdef:rD:wh:ulnf:bof./ vgif;uef,awj:vlyf:Odefeef.ygif,oj; rldof;zgif:bl,Oof: eldofuRif:aO pyf.Odefbl,eef. ulofvh;zdwf:rSef; aOOrf,aOyldifsv; uef,awj:vlyf:bof./ bgef.eefsv;yl,uRif:cofauj; qif,vmwf;vgif; ygif,wmif: vgif;vh;uef,awj:eef.oj;-

-ulofvh;wmef;OAifvmuf, ymuf,OAifvif?-ulofvh;xlrf,erf.vmh: cmh:erf.rkuf;?-ulofvh;bAyf,wD;egef: Ogef.wD;eif;?-ulofvh;yhpSif:sv; pkef,pmif;Tzj:yAefqof;

Oef,Mef;cgef:oh? rldof;zdwf: uloftrf,pk rldof;vkulofvh;pef-ehvlifugj,bof./ bgef.eif,oj;rj:qldof:eh.sv; ckdef:uef,awj:vlyf:Odefbof./yAefpkdofauj;vD vgif;uef,awj:eef. zdwf:sv;uef,awj:auj; yAefvgif; zl;b[, vlwf:omif: cGmif:

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 90yhg,yef? trf,zdwf:auj; yAefwj, uj,Io edoj,wrif,uvj,ukOlof,bof./

tefoj;rj:bof.qldof:eh. yAefzdif;yldifwh:tefuyf:umh,uef wif:Oj,Oej,ykwf.xqof;aO trf,rldefyldef; ulef:wmif,cldof:bof./ vgif;eh. bgef.ref:auj; ukdif.umif.xmrf qof;vmof:rldif:auj; ukdif.umif.wgyf,sv; eif,tefwef:ckuf:q[vh;rD:eef. teftrf,wef:ckuf:q[vh;auj; wkdef:awrD: trf,pmif.bof./ rD:aOw yguf;eh.aw. awvkdof;oh.aO ayj:Nyf.pefrj:xSif;wmif,yguf;ugef, qif,oh.yAef uj;Nyf.pef wmif,yguf;aObof.sv; ehaO~

qof;vmof:rldif:2015-11-12

uBj.wgef: vgif;uwf:bAefIpmef:cofeh. uBj.wgef:aO vgif;uwf:bAefulef:Ndef:cof/

vgif;uwf:bAefq[eh. uBj.wgef:aO vgif;uwf:bAefwlof/

vgif;uwf:bAef tguf,ylef.rlef.vgwf; e[:uj,r (odrkwfwdIO)eh. uBj.wgef:aO vgif;uwf:bAef tefvh;yef, wlif, uofeof:e[:uj,r/

(tifUkwfwI yj,vdqof;)

OSefawj, (rdlif:ukwf;)

zotgef,uofatj: zotgef,uofayj:bl,rofuGj,rdlefOj,ul;oef:cmof:wef:rD:bl,udkrf:Ol,rofrmifyAefymiftkyf,vlrf:ukrf,qlrf:bl,auBj,pmef.awj,oef:eh.qdlof:tefydlef;uh.pdkofawy[.uofbof.vj,/

uofauj;vlof,olef.vlof,clef.pjch;wj,vh;erf.wgef:P;rD:zgef:vD wj,wlofuof,bl,/

vkuf.eh.uGj,ugef,pdkofMef,egef:vlifvkuf.ylifpAwf:Omif;Odkyf,bmif;eif,cofvgif;oj;uofauj;awj;rD:erf.uwf.uofawowf.aewj,sctofcdkef:ydkef:pmif;vDtgef,/

Omif,Ij,qxrf,r(egifrgef vj;OAof;)

qgrf:eif,Nofacj; wD;edlofeh. qmof:cdlof:udlof:brfykwf.xwif:OAif; xkuf,vDN.aw." olef.eif,ehsv; qif,vh;wSrf;vduf;Nofedkif;bof./bgef.ydlof; qmof:ykwf.pof:wmif:vmh bgrf:pyf.oh.oj;Tzj: Twj: Oif,cj,eh. yAefIwej,tefrBmwf;wgef:vldofOkwf:ehaO bkrf,brfudlof:vDrj:sv;ayj:awumyf;Ogrf:Tzj:? umyf;Ogrf:Oif,cj,cofqof;eh tgefuefclwf.tof cof;Nofarj; Nofph(clwf.toftgefwmif:)aO umyf;vl,rj:wj,aO,bof.? trf,wgef.tof tefudkwf:tefvdlof tefudeftrf,OAif;qdlof:eef.umyf;vl, vgif:vl,aOyguf;/ awj;eif,ayj;sr;vkuf;vmif: udefcof;Nrf;rl,uefeh.auj.yAefayj; awvh;udeftgefwmif:ugef, qif,xkdifurf:sr;? ayj:bof.vkuf;qif,udefehqdlof:eh.yAefzdif;si;qmof;ykwf.xpof:rj:tefedkif;? bof.auj; yAeftefvDsw."/ ulnf:uj; tefbdyf:urfoh.ydlifwmheh.sw. trf,yh,Omif,xkuf,? pAwf:pdkofbdyf:urfydlifwmheh yguf;edkif; rdlof;zl;wSrf;vduf; ugj,wkif:Ogrf: uh;Ndef:wuj,Ndef:edkif;eef. wuj,Ndef:eef. vof;vmwf;oj; cof;bAefcof;vdlofrdlof;oj:vldoferfej,sv; rdlof;eh.trf,vh;pkifcof;r[,cj;?ugyf;eef rldof;eh.sw. uefawj:Ogrf:ugef,cj;ehaO tofuj,zD,vgif:wmifcof;Ogrf:zuf:Ogrf:bl,/

xSif;oef:edkif; wD;Ndef:ekdif;eef.auj;rifvmh:eh.aO tofulnf;vgif:vl,wmifcof;Ogrf:zuf:Ogrf:rj:bl,? zl;wSrf;vduf;auj; Oyf:vSif:aeyeftdwf:tgwf:bof. vlif:Ndef:rj:cdkef:/xSif;yguf;edkif;sw. yAefrldof;yguf;rj:q[:Ndef:wD;rdlif:wh: ayj:rj:q[:Ndef:eh uh.rj:vdkof;wD;Ndef:egef:wD;Ndef:ulnf:? ayj:xdkifcmof:Okif:Ogrf:e[Ogrf:oef:rj: wuj,cofe[:omef; tgefuefrj:Olif,Ogrf: qgrf:eif,cofygifyAefvh;eef.? pAwf:eefaO rD:e[edkif; yj;auj.edkif; rj:vof;vmwf;oj; e[eh.sw. trf,yj:cof;Ogrf:cj;qof; cof;rdlof;oj: vdloferfej,sv; trf,pkifcof;r[, ehbof./bgef.c[;vh;idlef;iof;uGmrf:sv; qif,xmrf xSif;oj;ayj:yAefcof;bAef Orf.yAefOifvj,eh yj;eef.auj; vmwf;oj; ]]atj; ... ref:trf,vDtofumyf;Ogrf:umyf;ymef:cj;atj;? ayj:yAefcof;bAef}}ehsv; qif,Odkyf,xmrfxSif; ]]ayj:eef e[eh.sr;wuj,auj; trf,umyf;Ogrf:Tzj:avj,ayj:eef}}ehaO Oyf:vSif:se sr;sv;wif:yj; qgrf:eif,wD;w[;eh.bl,bof./

rdlof;ymefykwf.xqof; e[:rdlif:Oj,owf.xdeef. rD:ykef,ej:zlofar:Ndef:edkif;? auj.yAefzlofeef. arjvl,arjwmef:ej,? ref:vl, cof;Ogrf:Nofydkif: e[:pj;wD;? 1. rdlof;wdkuf.aw,vlif:ej:eef. vl,cof;Ogrf:Nofydkif: (cAwfwUfU Wje)yguf;edkif;? 2. rdlof;wdkuf.qgef.omif: wj,ayj.cof;eef. vl,cof;Ogrf:Nofydkif: (cvUfU Wje) yguf;edkif;? 3. rdlof;wdkuf.aw,ayj.cof;eef. vl,cof;Ogrf:Nofydkif: (cvZEf%UfU Wje) yguf;edkif;?4. rdlof;cof;xdkifNdef: zdlif:xdkifumif.bof. wdkuf.aw,vh;pkifcof;r[,eef. vl,cof;Ogrf:Nofydkif: (ukrfZUfU

qof;ynf,nj,azj:uj,vif,uj,Iugif:vdlof, vj;OAof;

Dcof;bAef cof;vldofqgif,vDtof

wmif,Ogrf: vgif:Ogrf:

92 qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

Wje) yguf;edkif;? 5. rdlof;pkifcof;r[,Okuf:bof.aOaw,clwf.O[,omef,eef. vl,cof;Ogrf:Nofydkif:(yjwUfU Wje) yguf;edkif;? bgef.eefsv; qif,vh;qdkof;oj; ]]ynfqUfUWjbu FYmpfrE - arjvl,pj;yj: vkif:ykef,ej:}} ehbl,bof./ ar:ref:sw. zmh,vl,zmh,wmef:eh. c[;cmef.oh.? trf,rdlefvkif:ykef,ej:vlif/ pAwf:eef oef:ekdif; Tzj:N.pefoj; cjzlofar: awvh;Twj:vD ehsv;qif,ugj, wkif:Ogrf: qkuf:oh.zmh,ej;Ndef:cjeef.?zgif:eef. ykef,ej: wkduf.omh,ej;cof;Ndef:aOudefcof;bl,? emh:ykef,ej:eef.qrf. pefTzj:bl,aOw bgef.ydlof;cof;zuf: udkwf:wj,auj.vAofulnf:bof.sv; ayj:ykef,ej:pefTzj:aO tofvl,qdkif Orf.awvh; pkifcof;xSif;r[,"bof./ bgef.eefsv; qif,trf,wuf.OAifOifaO eif;ugifvif ap.vyf.Tzj:oh. bj,P;zlofref:pefeef.bof./ Orf.c[;pkoj; Tzj: ylef.ugj,bof.pdkofaej:?trf,yh,ugj,pdkofaej: ehsv; qif,tofwmhqmh.wlnf:Tzj:? vh;pef Tzj:wdkuf.qkuf:oh.bl,sv;ayj:awvmwf;tguf,OAifoj; ]]uef,awj:cj;qof;pof:? Odkyf,ugj,wmif,Ndef:cj;vj;}}ehqdkif Orf.ulofzlofref:idef:? ref:qif, vgrfvSrfOgwf.OSwf.udlif:Nofql: Tzj:aO oj; OAifoof" oj; ]]abj:cdif:ugj,wmif,Ndef:cj;vj;}}ehsv; Tzj:yAefqof; Orf.cgef:Nof oj; ]trf,ugj,}/ emh:ykef,ej:auj; pefTzj: cgef:NofaO bdlef.trf,vh;sv; vh;cloftguf,OAifugj,? ykef,ej:vlifauj; omh,wlnf:zmh,ej;Ndef:bof. vh;pefTzj:yAefqof;aObof. ygif.vmwf;pif:ar:ref: oj; ]]ehm:tdlnf:J Ol pAwf:zdwf:bof.? vh;pef Tzj: rj:qkuf: wkif:Ogrf:oh.bl,auj; Ol trf,ygif,vmwf;pof:}} ehaObdyf:wif:omef,cof; tefref:wdkuf.udefbl,

eef.aOsv; eSwf;ugj,ql:Tzj:bof.? vof;vmwf;oj; ]]qof;auj:wr? uofcj;eh. yAefzl;vl,wmef: cof;Ogrf:Nofydkif: pj;ydlifcj;atj;? (rldof;vAofeh.) uofcj; rD:cof;zuf: tefwdkuf.udefoh.cdkif;edkif;aO tefyh,udef udkwf:oh.cdkif;edkif;? qof;pof: pyf.wkif:tof cof;Ogrf:cj; tefudkwf:oh.ckdif;edkif;eef.w}}ehaO tofvl,Tzj:bof./ Tzj:auj; oj; ]]ykef,ej:tldnf.J cof;Nofydkif: (cof;Nofarj;Nofumuf,)auj; udkif,tmyf;pof:bof.? cof;tefudefwluf:cdkif;omef,auj; udkif,tmyf;pof:bof.? cof;tefudkwf: tefvdlofauj; udkif,tmyf;pof:bof.? pof:eh. rdlefuefwif: yIWwfwlyQDoduj yduf.wj,tefvh;ydkif;tdifyd lef;aO vAif.Omhq[eef.bof.}} ehbof./ ykef,ej:auj; bdef:qlrf:vlifvmifaO tofcof; tefudkwf:oh.eef. vgif:Ogrf:Tzj:rlwf:"? Tzj:auj; apj:Twj:yefaO cj;zlofar: yAeftej,umrf,ugj,/ eh.aw. rj:wD;e[:xrf:xrf,ryw bof./

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93qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

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tdif- XrfryWt#f$uxj (2)? ej;-367/

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OdlofvSof:pmef (omef;zmh,)

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qof;tIdb (ukif:Oj,? vj;OAof;) qof;tIdborf,O (erf.egifO[)

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vgif;pmrf;OD: wmif:vl,yldef; tefoj;eef.bgef.uGj, wkrf.wldof.nj: zgef:vD wmif,auj.eef.sv; qif,rD:wmif:zdwf:bof./ wkrf.wldof.eif,pdkof tefoj;eh.- 1. vjzefwImh- pAwf:P;zl;pyf. wmif:vl,cof trf,vh;clof:cgif tefyldef;awvl,/ ygif,oj; pAwf:P;Okrf: Okef,vh;OkefyAefyldef;/ ayj:wlnf: zmh,auj.awvl,wmef:eef.Orf. 2. yknfnefwIhm- pAwf:P;Okrf: wmif:vDukOlof, auj.awvl,/ 3. Oufuef

wImh- pAwf:P; trf,Mwf;xkdifvh; rldif:zD? rldif:ulef: Odlof:Oj,bof./ ayj:oj;pmrf;OD:bj.uof:ap.wyf.wmif:vD ekdif;tef" ayj:eh yAeftef,wIhm, Omrfyj:eh.bof./

wj,awyAefwmif:vl, ekdif;tefeh.auj;yAeftefbmyf,bAef:sw."bof./ wj,aw yAefwmif:vl,eh. clof:cgifaOqldof.aOyldif awvh;rD:e[:rkdof:qof;uof, wlof;wef:aO clof:cgifqldof:eef.auj; awvh;yAefclof:cgifqof;uof,/ awtrf,vh;yAefclof:cgif teful;tefbdrf/ q[Owf.xj, trf,eef q[tefc[;bkdef;yefeef.auj;awvh;rD:? bof.auj; zl;tefawpyf.wmif:vl,bof./ bgef.eefsv; e[:O>bkwfwyj,vdvmwf;oh. oj; ]]Wjenfq bkWfXnfqOrjerjpk - umefwj,eeh. rdlefuefwif: umefwdkuf:Odkuf:}} ehbof./

clof:cgif? q[c[;yef? zl;pyf.tof OmrfydlifOmrfrAof:eh. zgrf.Nrf;wArfxlef; wif:OmrfcjuAif:ugef, qif,awyAefwj,ewmif:vl, ekdif;tefbof./ e[:cofOmrfyldifeef.qrf. tefvh;bmyf,aOydlef;eh. yAefq[Owf.xj, q[tefc[;bdkef;yefeef.bof./ clof:cgifqof;uof, teftofpSif:wlof pSif:q[ pSif:idkef: tduf,cmof:bmrf: yj:qArfvgif;Ndof.vgif;rgh;vgif;bmyf, quGj,ul;OSefOrf,aO trf,Odlof:udefOldof:ekif; ql.MrfOdrf:ySif:oh.eef. wj,awrSif,omuf;yefydlef; tefoj;eef.trf,eyf.awj; ayj,yAefvh;ihm;"eif,uof,/

wj,awayj,yAefrj: q[tefc[;bkdef;yefeef. Orf.awvh;awj,Ol;xSif; q[tdwf.Oj,rwf.qIdb? q[avj:z vldofaOeef. xmwf;cmrf, odowf.wwj,eauj; Orf.vlof,rD:yj:aO

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1. rQfQWje- vl,wmef: vof; bj;rof:urf/

2. OrQfQWje- vl,wmef: ygh:rlef;auBj,ul;yldif/

3. tdwfxdWje- vl,wmef:zl;bdif:/

4. tkOZWje- vl,wmef: olof: uGmh:/

5. qdwfwurfrWje- vl,wmef: cSyf:pmif;ymef:OD tefqmif;pAwf:P; q[uj,r wkdef,vkuf./

6. OwfxWje- vl,wmef: vmuf;emuf;zj.rdwf; vSof: ugif;umif,/

7. odOWje- vl,wmef: bj;rdlof, ugif.ilef./

8. OifcvduWje- vl,wmef: cguf; xmif,pAof. sc qugj, cdlif;wdngyf:ul;yldif/

9. ukufuk#OluIWje- vl,wmef: uh, rl/

10. wkvjul# rjeul# Wje- rmyf, vuf.vgif;qif;vgif;pdof;vgif;wlifvlnf; qgh. bj,ql,uguf:ay, uguf:cGh: umwf.wj:aOsv; vl,wmef:qldof:eh.bof./

tefvmwf;serj: Odyf:yldifqldof:eh. trf,vDvl, trf,vDyefaOtrf,uj: zl;pyf.wmif:vl,

sv; qof;Ipmef:cofauj; trf,vDpyf.tofoh.vDvh;idlif.so; clof:vl,Odyf:yldifeh.bl,bof./

TOj,awj, (rldif:ukwf;)

zkdeftdif- - rdvdefWynfpyj,vdqof;? ej;(rl,!#f$)? 270/

rpj,Oj,vykwf.wOkwf

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vlof,bldif;tofqldif.eif,ref:emif:

qof;odvj,Ouf.u (rldif:Ol;)

acj;emrf:

e[:avj:u clif:umifvlifeh. wD;vDbgif;abj:ehauj; rD:oh.bl,wmif:erf wmif:vmhbl,bof.?wD;vDrlef.sr:ehauj; rD:oh.bl,wif:erf eif,uof,/

wDvDrlef.sr:eef. Oifoj; pof:trf,qmif;pAwf:qldif.eif,pkdof rlef.sr:yefehauj; pof:toftkyAuf.cj,Twj: bjq[pof:ySwf;ehauj; vh;bl,/ulnf:uj;J vgif;vD tefpof:xkuf,vDbldif; tofwkdof:urftofqldof:eef. Oifoj;pof:Orf. trf,arjbldif; tofyAefwgef;Ogefpof:ehsw. yAefvgif;blyf;bgrf:oh. ykef;wj,pof: rldof:ej;eef.bl,bof./

uyf:umh,vlnf; vduf;Nofeh. awbgef:tofqldif:emif:bdif:auj.ekdif; tefarjoh.uj;cefeldof auj.yAefqof;zlofref:emif:aOsv; vh;vgwf;cAef az:pmh.vlif zDvl: tefrj:ouf.wkdwf.qef ref:emif: rldof;zgif: wkduf.pjrmuf,rh. e[:xldef,vlifeef.aO Oyf:vSif:se zl;vlvduf;pof:cof wif:OAif;bl,/

qldi f:vgif;yl di fyAefref:emif:wrf;wD;rldif:yj,IeOD, rldof;zgif:ckefapj

crf:vlif Fyrf,rwwf;(FYpfrWwfw) wkduf.tkyf.qkdif; udefrldif:oh.bl,eef. ref:qof;qif,rD:oh.

vkuf;qmh: qof;ekdif; tefqkdof;oj;]]Ogwf.xdaOe}} ehbl,bof./

rldof;zgif:ckefqmh:tgef, ]]Ogwf.xdaO,e}}xkdifymefOSef:b[,rj:wmef,"eef. auj.yAefqof;ayj;ref: bkuf.bgif;yAefqof;uSrfrldif:aOtofulyf.ul; wif:emif:bdif: tefvh;qkdof;oj;]]OrfYkvj}}eef.bof./

]]emif:Orf,Ykvj,}}eh. ej;pmif;vDvof:?qgrf:wlofemif:ehauj; tguf,yj:xSif;Omhiof:aOe[:vduf;sw.oj; iof:wlofref:emif:eh. rldefeif, iof:Ndof;zh:eef.aO yAefemif:vD emif:bdif:rBmwf;sw."oj;" ehbof./ ulnf:uj; tefvDaOvmhtefekdif;eef.sw. trf,pk diftrf,emef: qof;qmh:Ogwf.xdaOeeh. wif:wkduf.yAefqof;uSrfrldif: trf,yh,ayj:wef:pkdifOif awvh;oj; owf;oef:vifrD:rj:ehpkdof qgrf:wlofref:eef. ukdif.umif.yAefulef:wkwf;uGj,aO tgefuefblwf:"bj"bl,aOwj. Orf.trf,pmhcSef:aOpmif;rldefeif, ckdef:ej,vldofaOuof,ehbl,/

bgef.vgif;aIj:uj, wmif:yAeftefbjtrf,cSef:eef. rj:wAuf:iSef: wD;wlofref:eef.sv; Orf.oj; bl,Oof: e[:apjbl,aOwj. tofyAefaOj:u yIdaw,o ugyf;wmif:yAefeef.aOrD:umifq[ c[;tguf,bmefapjaO rluf:Oof:oh.e[:xldef,pif:ulnf:bl,/

qgrf:eif, ref:bldif:tmef:oh.eef. qif,awrj:vmwf;se ulef:e[:pmif;apj wif:rlwf:sv; Nrf;yj:xSif; emif:ar:ref:qof;eef.bof.? auj.yAefemif:sw. qgrf:eif,ref:emif:yAef zl;bdif:vDzl;emif:rBmwf;eef.sv; vgif;oj; awygh,zj;ySwf; qof;qmh:eef.sw. wkdef:

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qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 97trf, olef.tguf, e[:q[ref:emif: aOyguf;aOtguf,pmif;apjbmefrldif: qgrf:qof;bl,bof./

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vgif;tefref:emif: pAwf:owf;Twj:eldofqof;qmh: rD:qldif.eif,pkdofeheef. umife[ ref:emif: vkuf.qof."aO pAwf:owf;tgef,vlif ywf:zAof; qgrf:pdrf:pgrf: tefcjbl,Oof:eef.aO?ayj:bof.ehauj; uGj,wAuf:erf.? ayj:bof. xSrfoh.erf. wj,Okuf;ej; ODcAof;? qof;Ogwf.xdaOeeef.bof./

ayj:bof.Orf. tofbj;bj tefpjrj:qdlof:eef.NefaObof. wj:yef wD;Mh:qAyf:bAef:wD;wlofqof;qmh:eef.aO ayj:bof.bof.ehauj; tofwif:rmuf,rh. rj:Omuf;yefqof;qmh: udefOkif:eef.bof./

xkdifrj: rldof;qrfawegef:ehauj; trf,ukdif.umif.egef:urf:vAofaO tofwif:erf. bj;bj tefref:emif: pjrj:qldof:eef.aO rj:wj:yef wD;wlofqof;qmh:eef.aObof. Orf.ymhrdyf,yefwD;ugif:vif? wD;wdefqldof:eh. aOsv;qif,awegef:bof./ rldof;egef:eef. auj;Orf.oj;qof;qm h: y Aefu lef: wkwf;ehaOwj.auj; awj;trf,tAwf,OAwf,aO pAwf:owf;Twj:wArf"bl,bof./

xkdifrj:oef:ekdif; qof;emif:Orf,ykvj,eh.cof;uGj,e[:xldef,vlifaO pjrmuf,rh.rmuf,wguf,qldof:eef.aOsv; tmef:awyguf;Omh, omh,rj:

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ayj:oj;tmyf,erf. ODwlofODcdif: bof.qgwf;wlof;vDimrf:bof.ehauj; ref:qif,rj:ekif;ohclof:(yj,vdsw.oj;-oju qDoIrf=ehsv; awvh;oj; ekif;ohOmif,umef:oh.)ehbof.? ayj:oj;ref:emif: ekif;rhclof:bof.auj; qif,ukdwf:oh.uSyf.urf:bl,bof./

rldof;zgif:eef. bgef.oj;Omhiof:vSif: wD;wlofref:emif:eh. imh:eif,zh:zj.eef.sv;tofiof:wlofref:emif: vSif:Ndof;uGj, wif:vghehbof./

rldof;zgif:eef. Orf.nj:rSef; zDvl:vlifwlofekdif; qkdof;oj;]]wjaej:}}eheef. wkduf.Oguf;pjudefwmif:udefsv; Orf.nj:rSef; emif:Orf,ykvj,aO Orf.trf,olef.OD,olef.pj; qldif.eif,uGmrf:pof: rD:oh.oj;eef.sv; rj:bgef:wmif:puf. wD;emif:Orf,ykvj,bl,bof./

bgef.oj; ref:emif: yAefemif:bdif:qgrf:Odef qgrf:Twj:sv; qgrf:eif,zDvl:vlif ]]wjaej:}} vmwf;rj:wif:OAif;qldof:eef. wkdef:trf,pyf.cmrf,vj:"/

zDvl:vlifwlofeh. ayj:oj;vh;idef:acj;uGmrf:ref:vmwf;rj: vgif;oj; trf,zgrf.qgrf:ref:ehauj; qif,oj;wD;ref:emif: ]]ayj:r[:trf, zgrf.qgrf:uofehauj; rldof;zkuf;eh. N.awyAef wmif:udef umife[qof.uofbl,}}ehsv; tofij:ref:tguf,se ref:emif:bl,bof./

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 98ref:emif:auj; yAeftefidef:ulofej,sv;

qif,Mif.ph;bof.? emif:bdif: auj.rD:Odefeh.ayj:pof: uGj,vlvmhaO cofMif.ph;ayj:ehqkdifwkdef:rD: tefrj:qgh;urf:vAofbl,bof./

pAwf:eef ref:emif:auj; Mif.ph;qldif.eif,eefsv; tlrkefzkif:OD,v ref:emif: qif,rldof:wkrf.awj, avj,zSofxkdif wSef;uSof; (yvmif,)qof;ckeftdef:(ckefOduBj:)bl,bof./

ayj:oj; qof;ckeftdef: vh;N.vgif;wmif:ref: bof.vDimrf:bof.ehauj; qif,eSwf;rj:ql:wD;pdrf: ref:emif:aO tofwlif,OmhvAuf:vlifrj:rwf.qguf:oh. zDvl:vlifeef. bj,P;ref:rj:Okuf.Ouf.xSif; rldof:ej;eef.bl,bof./

tefyAef qof;ckeftdef:auj; Oif,Ogefref:emif:vD"imrf:"bof.aO qif,ckdef: yguf;rldof:wD;rldif:wj,owdif,Oj,eef.bof.? emif:Orf,ykvj,eh. ayj:oj; zj.ymif,rldif:O[ umife[ Mwf;zSofrj:bof.ehauj; qif,rldof:ql:ckdef: wD;Okrf.uRif:tgef, tefcjqof;qmh: Ogwf.xdaO,e bl,Oof:eef.bof./

zldof,ref:ref: Mwf;zSof wD;qof;qmh:bof.auj; vh;cmrf,wif:qof;qmh:Ogwf.xdaOe wmif,wmif:zdwf:ref:emif:xSif; sw."oj;"sv; ref:emif: bgef:cGmif.qldif.eif,pkdofauj; qof;qmh:eh.wkdef:trf,bkrf,vj:"sv; xkdifurf:vkdef:Okwf:ref:qif,wldif,umof, uwdOqf.qj, wD;ymuf,ej;qof;qmh:eef.bl,bof./

zldof,ref:emif: wldif,umof, uwdOqf.qj,bof.ehauj; tefyAefaIj:uj,wkwf; tefrD:oh.wD;wlof qof;qmh:Ogwf.xdaOeeef. ukdif.umif.pmhcSef:uGj,urf:vAofehbof./

cjehauj; ck def:tgefuefrl dof: wD;rl di f:yj,Ij,eOD,aO qmrf,ylnf;pmif;apj tkyf.yldif,rldif:uGj,aO pAwf:umefvDwj,e? OD,v? zj,oej,uGj,aObof. omh:vl.aOrldif:ulef:bof.auj; vh;rldof:Oldof:vlef: wD;rldif:zDeef.bl,bof./

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Oifoj; auj.v[ c[;yAefemif:bdif:vD? emif:bdif:rSwf; ayj:ehqkdif vlof,qgrf:owf.Twj: tefxkuf,vDpAwf:Omif; eldofqof;zlofeef. awvh;pAwf: p[;ref:wArf"xlef; qldif.eif, emif:Orf,ykvj,eef.bl,bof./

ayj:trf,q[;qldif.eefsw. ayj:ej;Ndef:zldefudefqof;uof, wluf:wSrf,ugwf:zmef trf,rD:ej;rD:wjbof.ehauj; wif:puf.ehauj; c[;pmif,c[;blyf;bgrf:uGj,eef.bof./ wD;sw.ref: Orf.oj; qof;zlofpof: c[;zmef" c[;ugwf:" c[;wkuf.cwkuf.c pof:wkdef: awtrf,vh;ygh,zj;ySwf;uefwkdef:vlof,vh;ugif.rkdof: qkifcSefuefbl, ul;cmof:bmrf: qgrf:eif,oj; ]]qj.Nrf;cD vDNrf;Oldof:}}eheef.bof./

ej;Ndef:eh. ayj:pof:arjygif,q[vD"ehqkdif]]rldefeif, pof:vh;bl,Oof: e[:OlefOldof:vliftefb[,"vlif"eef.aO Oifoj; trf,arj qgrf:uef? trf,arj olef.ygif,eldofuefehauj; rldefeif,pof: wluf:crfoh. e[:bkrf:emrfvlifeef.}}ehbof./

ugyf;eef ayj:oj; arjbgrf:bgef,rj,e sr;qof;Ndef:aOsv; pAwf:owf;Twj:vD" rldefeif,ref:emif:rldof;uh;eef. ayj:ehqkdif Orf.oj;

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 99pof:uGj,wluf:xkdifwD;v[? qef.v[auj;bof. wkdef:trf,vh;wkuf.cehbof/

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acj;vlyf:

qgrf:eif,pof:O[,oh. Nofacj;oj; ]]vlof,bldif;tof qldif.eif,ref:emif:}} eheef. bgef:Ol:p[; emif:bdif:wh:pof:cof arjpAwf:Omif;qgrf:owf;Twj: z["ref:" qldif.eif,ref:emif:eef.ul;auj.ul;ulef: b[," erf"aOurf:J/

qof;odvj,Ouf.u (rldif:Ol;)

17. 07. 2013

zdkeftdif-

1. Qjwu t#f$uxj? Orfykvjqmwf;?

2. uGmrf:uyf:xkuf,wh: rldof;ugef,?

3. ]]pof:pj:vlof,pAwf:yefowf;Twj:uef}}

qof;cl:ac,rj,qj,I? owf.ydwumwf;?

oAif:ymifvlif (apj:)/

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ulnf:uj;Jomh:r[:wmhuGj,qkdifrdlof;xdkifcdlof:yh,pmhqArfOmhqdlof.cdlof:r[:qArfqdlof:rdlif:r[:udlwf,P;ayj:bdlwf,cdkef;ej;xkuf,udkwf:xj;vDoh.J/

qArfzdif;xkif:qdlof.cdlof:qArfqdlof:vduf;vmh:auj;bj,P;abj;wSrf,aOxkuf,udkwf:seoh.bl,J/

bgef.eefJOifpefykef;rldof:ej;trf,udkwf:zj;aOvmhOifwlofwmhuGj,aOwj.P;qdkof;uBj. e[:vkrf;aOurf:/

Omhcldof: (OD,ayj.)

sw,qArfrldof;ylef.rj: awj,xdkifbmrf:vAofauj; tefoj; tofvgif;ildif.so;ulef:rdluf;aOyAefrj:vgif;bAefeef. bgef.cofcwf:q[idlif.so;ulef:rdluf; umefrdluf;sv; clof:cgifcof tefvh;rj:qdlof:eef.auj; trf,rD:wmif:zdwf:Oif? OAef;wmif: tefcofyhugj,eef.auj; trf,rD:az:cAef?ydkwf,vSif:oh.yefcof ul;cmof:bmof:bof./ e[:Twj:rif,uvj,eef.auj; Tzj:yAefqof;pof: bif:apj:oh.tgefej;aO tefoj; bj,aypAwf:auj. ulef:rdluf; (taOoej q Yjvje>)ehbl,/

ulef:rdluf;tefoj;eef. bgef.qmif;vuf.qmif;qlef qmif;ayj. qmif;pSrfsv; oj;trf,q[;?wD;v[Omif,xkuf, trf,Omif,xkuf, trf,rD:vgif;olef. vgif;ch;q[aO wD;teftrf,Omif,xkuf,trf,vDpAwf: Orf.ugj,pAwf:? wD;tefxkuf,vDpAwf:Orf.trf,pAwf:sv; qif,oj;ulef:rlduf;(yj,v) ehbof./

ulef:tefoj;eh.auj; uh.arjqmif;bldif;yldef;ej, qlof;cmof:bmrf: tefpof:pef pof:idef:sw.ugj,uAof,vlnf;vgif;Omhimh vgif;pAwf:Omif; wD;auj.tefrD:qrfpof:eef.aO qmif;arjbdlif;qgrf:cofbof.? ulef:ul;auj.eh. erfsv;st, vgif;qmif;bdlif;eef. wdkef:rD:qdlof.zef: udlwf,yj:rj:qgrf:bof./ vkuf.wD;qdlof.zef: tefeh.aO

sw,qArfrdlof; yAefvkuf;tgef,rj:eef. bdlif;tofOgeftof wD;ayj;sr; sw,ugj, ulef:pdrf:Mrf:wmif:erf? bgef.pdef:Mrf: qof;uof,aO awvh;pef vgif;wlif.edkifzdif; wdkef:yAefavj:u ul;oef:? bgef.bl,e[:avj:usv; wif:bmrf;ulef:avj:u wmif:bmrf;ulef:pdrf:Mrf: qof;uof,qdlof:eef. awvmrf:qyf:pof:rj: pof:awqmif;arjbdlif;tofbof./ rmifyguf;rmifv[ qof;uof, bif:awtrf,wef:N. Orf.ayj:vh; vuf.bdlif;rSef; wmif:bmrf;ydlef;qdlof:eef. bgef.vgif; qdlof:eh.sv;qmif;pAwf:P; qmwf;ymefqof;uof, vSuf;vmh;ugj,auj; awrD:bl,wif:erfbof./

rdlof;bmrf:vh;pef ydlef;Omif;bl,eef. ayj:trf,oh.OwdaO vlvgrfwlnf:eh q[ulef:pof:eh.bif:awtrf,qmif;wSyf:wwf:oj; z[yAefulef:rlduf; ulef:vD? bl,bl, arjqmif;bdlif;ydlef;bof.?tefvgif;b[,sw. vDoh.Owd idlif.so;ulef:rlduf;aO ref;q[oh.oj; ]]uofeh. bif:N.vgif;umeftrf,vDeef.bl,? cofqdlof:eef. awtrf,qmif;rj:Okrf,irf:uofvh;}}eh ydkif;tdifwmif:pwf:pmefqof;uof,bof. bj,ayugj,wdlof.ulef:rdluf;cofvj:vj:? wj,cofawrj: Okrf,irf:wD;eldofpof:eef.wmrfwlofcof bif:trf,vh;tguf,pSif:OifaOwj.auj; vgif;pAwf:Omif; vgif;vmwf;qj wD;cofqldof:eef. awqmif;rj:Mwf;xdkif wD;pof:ulnf:ref:bl,/ pmif;zmifulef:rdluf;cof bl,bl,aO tefqmif;yefwmif:bmyf,q[ydlef;eef. Oj,xuref: rD:bl,wif:erf? e[:edymwf;qof; rdlefeif, rj.qof;apjcrf:cD, wlofedkif; rj.cD,wlofeh. bgef. yAefrj.rif,uvj,sv; wj,awoj; tif,uj, vuf.cej,ref: trf,wArfxlef;eh. wdkef:trf,rD:/ ulnf:uj;

ayj:awso; ulef:edkif;auj.

qgrfpmefcdlof: (rdlif:bh)L A

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 101ayj:ref:yhwmif:eh cjref: Orf.sc.oh.? arjbjzmh,rj.cof tofvmh:bjayj: qgwf,aq:auj;trf,bjvh;? vdkef:Okwf: tmyf; yefe[:rkdof:aej,crf:qof;(Tzj:vgif:) P;blwf: bjyefbof./

rj:xwf:Omifwlnf: vuf.cej,wmif:yAefauj; trf,rD:Oif? rj.auj; trf,vh;pefref:cmif:arj: bgef.wmif:qAyf:Oif? aej,vgif:qof;vmrf:N.oj; rj.eh. cjref:trf,vh;sc. bgef.qAyf:OSyf,ehbof./ tofcmof:bmrf: vAyf;pAef:wlnf: qgrf:pdrf:Mrf:eef. vh;N.oj; ulef:vAif.rj. cjsc.oh.ehbof.? vh;vmh; ulef:vAif.rj.cjsc.auj.eef.bof. cdkef:q[.ulef:trf,yAefOif rj:vAif.rj:xdif:ugef, rj.rif,uvj,eh. cjref: qif,cdkef:vDbof./ rj.wlofeh. bgef.ref:bdlif; ulef:vAif.ref: tefcjsc.eef.sv; cj;ref: qif,sc.qgrf:bof./ ulef:rdluf;cofauj; rdlefeif,eheif,uof,bof. cofbif:trf,vh;cwf:pSif:OifaOOAef;wmif: wj,awbj.qof;uof, vl.vSof eef.yAeftefpof:u gj,bl,pdr f:qrf ulef:r d lu f;cofeeff.bof./ ayj:pof:ugj,bl,pdrf:qrf ulef:uh.q[vrfauj; qof;uof,awqyf:ref:aO e[:qlof;uSyf.ekdif;eef. pof:auj; qmif;q[vrfcdkef:sv;awyAefrj: vgif;zdwff:arj:uef? wmif:Ogifzmh,auj; awtrf,rD:zgef:vDOif awyAefvgif;ySif:qif:uefulnf:? ugyf;eh xkuf,vDidlif.so;ulef:rlduf;cofuhuhbof./

uyf:umh,vlnf; vgif;oj; ayj:bl,qrfulef:rdluf;cof qmif;vh;vl.Okrf:qdlif.pdkofeh e[:qmwf;qof;auj; Tzj:yAefqof;pof: apj:oh.bl,wif:erf?ulef:e[:avj;ueh. z[auj; N.oj; awc[;rmuf;rD:ckdef;b[,uwf:bAefsv; umifq[qof;uof,auj; c[;

rdlefydlef; qif,cmrf,bmyf,wlofbmyf,q[aO pjpAef:pjOgef pjvguf:vmh: wj,awcdkef;b[,uwf:bAefbl,bof./ zgif:bmrf:pof: wkduf.pjbl,eef.Orf.c[;nj: cl:OgefvDtlnf:auj.vD auj.tefawqkifqef qmwf;ymefpof: cdkef;b[,ugj,rdlof:ej;Oifoj;pof: Orf.ugj,Nrf;nj: ulef:rdluf;eh tefoj;vgif;cdkef;b[,uwf:bAefeef. qlof;uj;qof;uof,wkduf.bl,qgrf: ulef:rdluf;cofbl,qdkif pjwmef,v[auj; bif:awtrf,qmif;xlyf:vh;? clof:cgif tefrD:oh.qdlof:eef.auj; awvkOkrf:qgrf:ugef,? Oifoj; pof:ugj,Nrf;nj: tlnf:auj.vD zl;rD:ynf,nj,eh wdkef:awvh;cdkef;b[, uwf:bAeftrf,pmif.?tdifedlof vgif;oj; ayj:bl,qrf ulef:rD:ynf,nj,cof awvh;zgef:vDeif,pdkof? Oifoj; bl,qrfulef:rdluf;cof awvhh;zgef:qj.qdlif.pdkofeh awtofOj,wuref: urf.setdwf:ekdif;ugef,/

qmwf;edkif;eef. aej,vgif:qof;(Tzj:vgif:) vh;yAefNofej; ulef:uj.pj;ymuf, qif,tgeftofvkuf;egif.qof; ugj,uj.rdlif:edkif;bof.rdlif:edkif;?rD:yguf;edkkif; rldof;cofMwf;ugj, e[:xdlef,wD;edkif;eef. aej,vgif:qof; Mif.vkuf;egif. rj:wkrfuefaO vmwf;oj; ]]e[:xdlef,vlifeh. wlef;bj,rdlof(ugif.) tefoj;eef. rD:wif:erf qArfpmuf;ref: wlef;ref: rguf, rmuf, pmuf; Nof r[ref:qdlof:eh. yAefugif.OAif;bof. tefyAefrguf,rmuf, r[bgwf;ref:qdlof:eh. ayj:Oltrf,bmrf;udefeh rj:vmwf;aeuofbof. qif,udefwj.}} ehbof./ Mwf;ugj,vSefxdlef,aO wD;pdrf:vSefxdlef,eef. Orf.rD:rl,omef;tefedkif;? wD;pdrf:rl,omef;eef.auj; Orf.rDwlef;rmuf,rh. tefqdkof;oj; ]]u&zv}}ehbof./ wlef;rh.tefeh.

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 102sw,tofpmuf;ref: vrf:ref: rguf,rmuf,r[ ref:qdlof:eh. rdlefuef wif:wlef;rmuf,rlif; trf,zdwf:trf,ydlif;? pmif;zmif tmhMrfref: qldof:eh.auj; rdlefrmuf,rlif;OAif;OAif;"bof./ Oifoj; udefrmuf,ref:ehbl,aO qlof;uSyf.ekdif;auj; wmhugj,urf:vAofbof./qldof:tefzSofugj, tgefwmif:qdlof:eef.sw.bgef.q[avj:z cofsv; trf,xmrfz[aO ydwf:udef? urf;zgif;sw. y[.awj,xdkif Nofej;cofrj:ugef,? bmrf:aej,vgif:qof; Mwf;rj: qdlof:yh,wef:vh;udefeef. tgefuefxmrfwlnf:bof./

aej,vgif:qof;auj; vgrfwlnf:wlef;rh.eef.aOoj; ]]wlef;rh.tefeh. trf,q[; wlef;rmuf,rlif;? Olbj,ayudef}}ehbof./ tefudefbof.qdlof:eef.auj; wdkuf:yefqwkrwl,aO P;pmuf;tguf,cdkef:OAif;OAif;bof./ rdlof;yguf;tgefwmif: wD;wlef;rh.eh.eif,uof, ulef:uj. qof;avj.qkrf:edkif; rj:vdkof; wD;iof;ref:aO xmif,oj; yAefrmuf,rlif;ehsv; qif,tgefuefudef? omh: udefbof.uSyf.edkif; wmhugj,OAif;OAif;bof.? bmrf:umife[ ulef:e[:omef;cof rj:tofwlofwmhcof ugj,ySwf; wD;uhuhaOzAof;avj.awj.tofclof: apj;tofolof:cof rdlof:ugj,bof./ yguf;eh.auj; xmif,awrdlef rldof;tgefwmif:aO xdkifrdlof;zkuf;Mwf;rj: ulef:omef;cof vkuf.rj:qArfqof. vmwf;oj; ]]olof:eef. awvh;yAefwj,uof? avj.eef. awvh;yAef wj,uof? clof:eef. awvh;yAefwj,uof}}ehaO Mwf;rj:xkdifwD;ymifavj. aej,vgif:cof vkdof;oh.eef.bof./

bmrf:ulef:omef;cof Mwf;rj:wD;ymifOof:eef. vh;pefulef:uj.cof z[trf,vh;yAefOifaOauj.sv; qif,tgefuefxmrfoj; ]]wlef;rh.eh. trf,q[;wlef;rmuf,rlif;eh OlpAwf:pdkofN.cj;}}ehbof. ulef:uj.qdlof:eef. qif,cdkef: wggyf,oj;

]]pof:sw.trf,N.? Nofej;pof:ugh: tefN.}} bmrf:ulef:omef;cof vh;idef:eif,eefbof. tgefuefbgif;abj: ynf,nj,aej,vgif:qof;aO xmrfwlnf:vgif;wmif: tefN.vgif;oj; wlef;rh.eh.trf,q[;wlef;rmuf,rlif;ehbof./ aej,vgif:qof;pof: wgyf,oj; ]]wlef;rh.tefeh. trf,cdkef;bmyf,uhauj;trf,uhomef; tdifedlofvgif; wmif:Ogiftefeh.aO Oifoj;yAefrmuf,rlif; tefvDudefsw.qdkif ulef:omef;cof awrj:tofudef Orf.ayj:awtrf,udkwf:aOvkuf;ugef,? wD;iof; ref:auj; awpefMh:ulef:omef;cof rj:vdkof;Oof:bl,? ulnf:uj;trf,pefMh:Oif wlnf:vgif;qldof:eh.aO uoftofnmef,ynf,nj,uof xmwf:OmifN.oj; wlef;rh.eh.trf,q[; wlef;rmuf,rlif;}}ehbof./ wgyf,oj;eif,eh apj:Twj:yefulef:omef;cofaO tguf,cmof:wmif:ugj, rlef;rlef;Odlof:Odlof:bl,bof./

e[:qmwf;tefeh. ayj:rj:pjwlnf: wgef;Ogefref:eh rD:bl,wmif:erf? tefzl;wSrf;vduf; c[;oj;sw.auj; rdlefeif,uGmrf:xkif:wh:pof:oj;oh. ]]pAwf:auj.ulef:trf,N.-yj:uefvl.wif:qkrf:}}eheef. qdlof:yAefqkrf:ulef:uj. tefMwf;rj:tgefwmif: aej,vgif:qof;cofeef.bgef.yAefulef:trf,arjvlvgrf trf,rD:ynf,nj,sv; Orf.ayj:vh;Okrf:avj. Okrf:olof: Olrf:clof:aOtrf,uj: Okrf:yj:Omhq[ xSif;vl:ugef, vdlofaOeef. ]]rl,qkrf:}} tefoj;eef.auj; ayj:vh;vl.pmhugj, wD;iof;rh.eef.OAif;OAif;bof./ ugyf;eef ulef:rdluf;cofeef. qArfrdlof;cof yh,Mwf;rj:ql:pof:eh. bj,ayugj,bl,qrfcofaO Nrf;Mrf:cofvj:vj:? awyj:pof:vl.Okrf: qgrf:cofulnf:trf,rD:zgef:vDOif idlif.so;cofoh. qArfuheh.vDvdlofaOydlef;/

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 103ulef:e[:avj:uvlifpof:eh.auj; ydlifzmif

pmif; vgif;pAwf:Omif; vgif;bl,Oof: vgif;vmwf;qj sw,ugj,rD:wmif:erf auj.ekdif;wif:auj.ekdif;auj; trf,rdlefuef qArftefvgif;udefekif;vgif;Olifrkdwf; ymh:wlofymh:q[qdlof:eh. ydlif;uefugj,ul;vmh:vmh:? rmifauj.rlduf;? rmifauj.vD cof;clef:uefoh./ ulef:rlduf;cof urf;zgif;auj; ydlifOazj:cofvkduf.vrf,oh.aO ulef:rdluf;urf;zgif;sw.auj;seerf.q[rj,e twf.wej,? wlnf:rdlof;v[auj;wif;Nofoh.ul;cmof:? ydlifOazj:cof bl,wdkef;oh.?ulnf:uj; ulef:rdluf;cofeh. rmifyguf;rmifv[ arjbl,Oof: rdlefeif,ulef:vD(rD:ynj,)cofaO ulef:vDcofOrf. arjbl,Oof: rdlefpmif;trf,q[;ulef:vDoh.?ugyf;eef ayj:udkif.umif.pefrSef; ulef:edkif;auj.eh bj,eSwf;wSyf:wwf:oj; yAefulef:vDulef:rdluf;eh ayj:c[;N. vAef;auj.ref:wlnf:ugef,/

ulef:rdluf; trf,eefzl;tefpof: xkuf,vDidlif.so;eef. rD:bl,wif:erf? qgrf:eif, zl;wSrf;vduf; bdkef:rdkof:xdkifvh; awtofrj:rguf,ch;se tdwf:edkif;ugef,? auj.tefrD:wmif:vlof,uSuf:aO rkif;rgif:ukef:rkef teftrf,rD: wD;wlofqof;uof,? auj.tefbkuf.bgif;wlofuof,aOOrf.sO.se:ydlef;? auj.tefawj:O wAuf:iSef:? auj. tefwmif,wmif:zdwf:cdkef: wD;zl;Oif,Ogef? auj.tefbmrf;r d lo f:Oif,Ogeftofidlef;uGmrf:pmh vmwf;xSif;wmif,tef (vdif.uGmrf:)? auj.tefbmrf:rdlof;Oif,Ogef trf,arjvmwf;wSuf,vSif:? auj.tefbukef:rkefydlef;aOc[;sc.cSif, cdkef:ydlef;?(ulef:vdkrf:ukif,)? auj.tefrD:q[OD;au. wD;clof:cgifydlef;aO Orf.xD,eAofawj,ydlef;? Nrf,wlrf: wmif:zdwf:qof;uof,bof.

rD:q[ulwf.aij:? auj.tef oh.rj,epSif:udkef:? auj.tef rD:wmif:bkrf.zdwf:aO trf,cmrf,zj;ySwf;wmif:bkrf,zdwf:ref:? auj.tefayj:pefydlef;ugj,qgrf:wmif: arjxmif,vAuf.ydlef;aO pAwf:tefykef.tefeh. awj,ydlef;? auj.teftrf,arjolef.Ogef,OifaO udkif.umif.bldif;qgrf:ydlef;aw,ugj,qdlof:eh.bof./ zl;qdlof:tefvmwf;rj:qdlof:eh. bgef.cofqmif;pAwf:P; vgif;uwf:bAefcdkef;b[,qof;uof, Oof;oof:sv; ayj:pefyAefqdlif.ehrj:qdkif so;vh;wmef,pdkofauj; cwf:q[so;cofw/

umyf;ymefbmrf:vAof wj,awidlif.so; ulef:rdluf;cof Orf.bmyf,ej,? ymefzmh,uyf:Odkyf, ymh:ynj,vlif qdkef,pSif:ref:cdkef;Okifrj:eh. awj;eif,qof;uof, bl,wD;Ndef:aO trf,tguf,ugj,tSof,wmif:v[auj; ulef:rdluf;cof bif:vkuf.wD; zmh,uyf:Odkyf, wD;qmuf;ydkwf:(bef:wbj:)vlif eef.aObif:qmif; cof;rj:ql:pof:vh;? rdlefeif, vkuf.wD;tdef,wdlof,eSwf.? wD,oD,? vduf;zdkefcmof,? yyf.vduf; tefolef.zdwf: tefwSrf;zdwf: vgif;trf,vDqdlof:eef.aO qmif;oSef cof;rj: ql:pof:bl,? vgif;trf,vD tefydlef; wSrf;rj: serj:qdlof:eef. ydlef;bdlif:tmef: wj,Oifauj;bof.pof:vDtofOwdpof:aOwlnf: tofyAefwgef;Ogefulnf:? ulef:rdluf;zmh,eguf;eh. idlif.so;cofimh;aOw ulef:rdluf; tefvkuf.wD;zmh, uyf:Odkyf,ymh:qmuf;aO Mwf;rj:eef.sw. so;cof wdkef:trf,imh;? OifyAefulef:rdluf; teftof tj,öif,pj;ydlif pAwf:pmif;aO cof;rj:eh. cSef:vD zmif.ej,bof./

ulef:rdluf; tefoj;eh. trf,q[;oj; yAefedlof.vdlwf; pmif;wlofydlef;ulnf:? qArftefwmif:

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 104olef.zdwf: wmif:uBmif.urfzdwf:qdlof;eh.auj;Mif.oj; ulef:rdluf;bof./ Oifoj; trf,wef:zmif.rSef; vh;vlzdwf:yyf.tykrf, qdlif: yyf.qdlif:iof:qdlof:eh. wmef,OAef;clefNoftgef,ulnf:auj;ayj:trf,arjtof igif.(ilef.)cof qmif;cof;rj: e[:tguf:pof:aO awqmif;xkuf,Okuf;vmif.tguf:atjpof;bl,/ wmif:olef.zdwf: tefrj:wdlof.qyf:pof:eef. Oifoj; idlif.so;vh; yAeftefcSrf.Okwf:ehaOwauj; trf,Ol;idlif.so;vh;/ eif,pdkof awarjolef.xdkif tefvDeef. pof:xkuf,vDrD:wmif:bmrf; uh.zdkuf:olef.yefbof./ ayj:oj;wmif:olef.vD uSrfwlofpof:oh.bl,qdkif tefv[xkuf,tofauj;tof tefv[xkuf,tofySwf;auj; ySwf;aO wmif:olef.zdwf:vlifqdlof:eef.auj; awtrf,qmif;cof;rj: e[:Nofq[pof:vh;bof./

ulef;rdluf;eh.auj; ulef:rdluf;wD;qrf ulef:rdluf;wD;uheh rD:bl,Ogifqdlof:? ulef:rdluf;wD;uheef.pof:so;cofvh;bl,aOw ulef:rdluf; tefrD:bl,wD;pdrf:qrfpof: rdlefeif,ulef:Ndef:pof: tlnf:auj.pof:qdlof:eh. ildif.so;coftrf,imh;/ ymhOvdlof so;coftrf,vh;bof. cofOrf.ukrf,OAif;cmof:bmrf:aO rj:rD:pdrf:qrfpof:sv; rmufyguf;rmiffv[ cofbif:tofvgif;rdluf;cof rj:Okrf,irf:yj:pof:ugef,? ulef:rdluf;tefyAefauj.puf. auj.rdkwf;udkof:qdlof:eh. e[:ulef:rdluf;wif:OAif;eef. cofyAefulef:rdluf; tefqmif;yAefaz:cAefb[,Okwf:bof./ bgef.ayj; trf,vDsv; ej;Ndef:vh;vk? bgef.sr; uof:zlofegh.sv; ej;Ndef:vh;wSuf,bmh;? vkuf;vmif: Orf.oj;bmyf,? cD;cj; trf,Omif:udefqof;qgrf? tlnf:auj.puf:vifqdlof:eh. yAefwlofbif, wD; wSuf;ulef:rdluf;vgef."bof./

ulef;rdluf;cofurf;zgif;Orf. trf,arjoh. uj;cef cmof:bmrf:cof? cmof:bmrf:ydlef;auj; coftrf,eyf.xdkofqgrf:? pjOkuf.bkif; cmof:bmrf:Okef,wlofydlef;? ulef:qdlof:eh.auj; yAefulef:tefpof:xkuf,vDidlif.so;bof./ ulef:tef trf,oh.uj;cefcmof:bmrf:eef. yAefulef:zotrf,rD:uj;cef?Oifoj; pof;ugj,pAwf:auj. ulef:zourf,rD:cefehzopof;auj; awtrf,rD:uj;cef qgrf:ref:bof./

Orf.oj; qof;uof,vh;auj.uef wif:ulef:qdlif.ehauj; qof;uof,awvh;zmif.sw."? bj,yef zopof: vh;ySwf;vmhbgef.ref:/ ulef:rdluf;tefbl,qrfpof:aO qgrf:yefaz:cAefpof:bl,ul;wD;eef. awrD:at,bl,? urf;erfsw.vkuf.wD;cofaO tefvh;rj: wmif:bmrf;trf,vDwmif:pAwf:rdluf;cofqdlof:eh.ugh: tefawOdkyf,pkef;r[,rj:aO awbtofqmwf;ymefqof;uof, vkvSof?omh:rj: Orf.oj;pof:zmwf,bmeftguf,ugj, wD;zkifulef:rdluf;qdlof:eh. vh;bof.aOwauj; tefyAefwmif:bmrf;trf,vDqdlof:eh.sw. awOdkyf,rdyf,iSef:qof;uof,aO qmif;yj:Mwf;ugj,qgrf: awj,xdkifpof:Okwf:OAif; Omhq[ykef.bof./

so;bl,auj;trf,imh; ymh;bl,auj;wdkuf.nj:ulef:rdluf;cofaO awvh;pAwf:auj.cofugj,oj;ehaOugef,vj; trf,eef bgef.yAefyD;egif. edlof.vdlwf;qof;uof,sv; trf,pwf:so; trf,qmif;so;cofayj:eh Orf.awvh;pAwf:pdkof uyf:Odkyf,cof;tguf,cofehqdkif vguf:vmh: tefvD:Okwf:sw.pof:awvh;cwf:q[ rlef.sr:yefcof P;ayj:yAefulef:vDulnf:bof./ bgef.cofpAwf:auj.pof: trf,eef bgef.pof:pAwf:auj.cofsv; wmif:bmrf;erf.q[wmif:pkcof vSuf;vmh; yAefvgif;vDrj:eh

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 105vDaw." pjwD;oj;ayj:trf,rD:bof./ ulnf:uj;awvh;ygif,q[oh. tgefwmif:oj; sr:wmif:bmrf;ulef: P;yAefvgif;vD(tefvD) tefoj;eef.vmwf;imh;aOwauj; pAwf:bmyf,ej,eh ayj:rlef.sr:yefcof trf,vh;auj; awvh;pAwf:qgrf:tefoj;]]wlofNrf;auj; q[trf,Nrf;}}ehbof./acj;uGmrf:tefoj; yj eof;wlofedkif; eof;wif:Otefoj;eef. c[;rmhxdkifoj; uj;wD;ulef:rd luf;cofeef. oh.vgif;zmif.Owdb[,b[,ehbof./ ayj:awidlif.so; ulef:eh P;idlif.so; ulef;rdluf;? ayj:awvdluf;tlnf:auj. P;aOj.Nrf; ulef:vD? Oifoj;pof:so;vh; ulef:rdluf;eh pof:bdlif:tmef: vgif;v[auj; awqAof:Mwf;xdkif? tefyAef vgif;uwf:bAefcdkef;b[,eef.auj; awwArfxlef; yAif:q[ul;ydlif;sv; Twj:rif,uvj, rmhedkif;wif:rhmOgiftefoj; bj,pAwf:auj.ulef;rdluf; vlduf;pAwf:auj.ulef:vD eheef.auj; P;wArfxlef;uef ul;auj.aOurf:/

qgrfpmefcdlof: (rdlif:bh)

tdif - ukvjoufu ud>zvqmwf;? - jrefrmA[kokw (aezkef;a0) - vlwpfa&mufa&SmifMuOf½kHjzifh (aZ,sol)

- rif,uvj,Okwf;/

pAwf:Oifoh.bof. ~~~~~~~~~

rldof;Okdef:sv;rldof;oj:pj:Orf.vh;oh.Oiftofq[uGifbgif,qgrf:ygif:Mrf:wmif:auBj,rlef;wlef;ymefzopj:pdkofyj:wmif:cdkef;b[,wj,r[,Okifrdlof:ej;Oifoj;trf,cdkifygifukrf,rgifqgrf:wmif:Odlof:cmof:wmif:rldof:ej;vl:awuAyf:cl:vmh:v[tofO[,q[oh.aOayukrf,rdkif.vdkrf:wlofulofvh;yAefclofydlef;wh,tdlof;/

qof;tj,aq,b (ymif,crf:? rldif:bAef)

wSuf,bmh; sv; trf,wSuf,bmh; odojW> Zbawj- vgif;wSuf,bmh; xAifuef trf,zgrf.Nrf;uefeh. yAefvgif;xlyf:az:ul;Orf,OSefydlifbof./ todojW> acrawj- vgif;zgrf.OAifyAif:ymuf,uefeh. yAefvgif;cdkef;b[, Odlof:Oj,bof./

(tifUkwfwI yj,vdqof;) OSefawj, (rldif:ukwf;)

uu

acj;uGmrf:tefoj; ]]ykdefszOj,Oej, Oefvgh}} eheef. ayj:xgrf,sw. pmif;vD? idef:omefNvDsw. ulnf:uj; vgif;pAwf:Omif;ref:eh.bmyf,bAef: clrfzmwf,? rmifwD;eh. trf,rD:wD;vDtof erf.qArf:ref:aOtdwf: yAefvkuf;pAef:qef.qgrfOj,Oej,qkdif;rldif: yj:ekdif;aO ayj:bof.pAef:bof. wgef;wj, awuGj,ykdefszOj,Oej,Oefvgheef. wj,awwluf:ckdef: rldif:wh:pof: ref:trf,imh; uyf:umh,vlnf;vgif;eh.aOawuyf:Odkyf,yef cmof:wmif:Oefvghrldif:cBmif:vgif;wlofxlyf: zgif:zl;wSrf;vduf; pmyf,xmrf:umefykdefszOj,Oej, Oefvghrldif:cBmif:/

OAef;wj;Omhwmif:rldif:cBmif:eh. qSuf,szuefoh.Ogif,zhm, rdlif:

cBmif:ygwf:qmef: sv; ygwf:qmef:ehaO wD;zl;wSrf;vduf; wluf:ykef;zgef:eh.sw. yAef rdlif:cBmif:ygwf:qmef: aq;oAif:yvwf.o tefwdwf:qyf:uef wif:rldif:IcSif,eef.bof./ wj,awuGj,zSof oAif:yvwf.oeef. vh;vwf: rldif:IcSif,uGj,oAif:uRuf.awj, vh;egef:wD;oAif:uRuf.awj,ekdif;ckdef:aO Okdyf,cD,Ndof:uGj,wif:oef:? trf,rD:wmif:vlwf.uj:? wmif:Ndof:rdefOif vldofaOoj;wmif:Ndof:Oif:azj: tefvAofulnf:? vh;cD,Ndof:ckdef;qgrf:erf.uvj:wmef, wif:oef:bof.? Ndof:Omif:aZj:oj;ehaOwj. trf,q[;oj; yAefNdof:

tefrD:wD;Nrf,uif;? yAefNdof:tefvh; wmuf,vSwf, wmuf,zlefaO cD,vgif;ckdef;wif:oef:qif,awqmif;zSofvh; oAif:yvwf.o qkdif;oAif:rdlif:cBmif: ygwf:qmef:bl,bof./ rldof;qof;uof, uGj,eef. ymhvldoftrf,arjvknf:erf. Orf.yAef umifcrf;aO Ndof:wmif,ukef,umifcrf; vrf:ekdif;Orf.rj:avj,O[,Ndof:pof: umrf,vD trf,yAefzDy[.erf.ymif,vhm, uvj:wmef,vj;/

yD;egif.rd lif:cBmif: cldof:ulef:cl,rD:wD;qof;uGj,wluf:ykef;zgef:eef. qkdof;

omef;Mif.oj; omef;]]erwj,}}ehaO bmefuhuefwif:oAif:yvwf.o rguf;ySwf,vuf:ymh"? e[:omef;eef. vifNdef:awrD:rguf;ymuf,ymh ulef:cldof:IcSif, sv; cldof:cl,rD: bl,oh.ckdif;uef? ulef:cldof:IcSif,sw. urf.erf uldof:brfykwf.xzj,Oj, aOwj. ulef:cldof:cl,rD:sw. uldof:brfzD uldof:brfcIdwf.bmef, urf.erfbof./ ulef:cldof:cl,rD:eh.urf;zgif;auj;oj; vkuf.wD; ulef:cldof:IcSif,aOsztguf,rj:? urf;zgif;auj; Orf.oj; vkuf.wD;cldof:cBmif:aO sztguf,rj:? oj;eefaOwj. wlofcofsw. cofoj; coftrf,vkuf.wD; ulef:cldof:v[aOrj:cofwkdef:yAef ulef:qmof:cldof:pif:ref:oh.acj"qArfv[ehbof./

eldof.eifulef:cldof:cl,rD:eh. urf.erf rldefulef:cldof:cBmif:? ulef:bdif:cofeh. qldof:yAefulef:

cmof:wmif:Oeffvghrdlif:cBmif:-------------------------

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 107xof;emif:bdif:eef. urf.yj;erf Orf:ej;vrfej;vhm: wdkof:yD,Nidkef:b[," teferf.euf:ref: rD:rguf;ekdif;uBmyf;bof./ vkuf;tgef,cofbmrf:vAofsw. trf,pefyAefqldif.eef ulnf:rD:ulef:xof;bdif:cofulnf: pefyAefqldif.eef/ugyf;Oif cofOrf:ej;vrf ej;vhm:vj,eh cofrguf,vmwf;oj; bgef.ulofckefrldif: rj:wdngyf: tofuGj,pAwf:ar:egh.ar:emif:sv; Orf:auj;yldifekdif;?xSif;ydlifedkif;sw. bgef.cofbl,e[:xldef,vdkuf.tefrD:rD? rD:Odloferfsv; ayj:Orf:oh.ej;vhm:qkdif Odlofcof? rDcof trf,pwf:clyf:? trf,pwf:yefaz:cAefsv; Orf:oh. ehauj;oj;bof./

'dif;xkif:ulef:cldof:cl,rD:cofeh. ayj:sw,ej;Ndef:qgrf:uefbof. Oifoj; auj.yAefqof;zlofeef. whmuGj,qkdif auj.yAefemif:ar:eef. trf,rD: Okef,vh;Okef,yAef wj,awykwf; clof:cgifid kef:crf: tefpjrj:Nrf;uefeef.OifaOtdwf:? bj,oj;clof:cgifvj; awj;vkuf;vmif:qof;uof, tefrD:Nrf;uefeef.auj; wif:trf,OSif,?vh;tmyf;yef auj.yAef egif.qhm: qof;zlof tefwmhuGj,eef.OAif;OAif;bof./ Oifoj; auj.yAefegif.qhm: qof;zlofeef. rD:q[tdwf:vlaO szyefulnf: qif,awvh;tdwf:tD;? vkuf;vmif:qof;uof,eef.auj; tdifedlofauj.eef.ulnf: ref:c[;q[.udefqldif.pkdofauj;q[. trf,rD:Okef,pmrf;wmyf;vh;Oif? vh;tmyf;yefNdef:ab:? clof:cgif? vkuf;vmif:bof. yj:clof:qyf:wloftefvAof ywf:wdefyof,rkdof:yof, vlif:Ndef:yefbof.? vdlofaOoj;acj:clrfMif.ph; wjayj:wlnf,ayj:vSifulnf:bof./

ulef:cldof:cl,rD:cofeh. pkifzuf:tefv[aOtrf,oj; P;ayj:vgwf;O[, wof;'h:eef. trf,rD:?

wof;'h:eef. ref:yAef uldofzgifomefcofbof.?wof;'h:oj;ehaOwj. trf,q[;oj; yAefwof;'h:qldif.rdlif:wh:pof:? wof;'h:cofeef. cofpAwf:pkdofOdrf:oh.ehqkdif coftofrj: rh.yluf,? rh.ymofbof.rj:wSyf:yAefygwf:aO wmuf,pAif;? ayj:ref:pSif;bof. tofrj:zof'h: qkwf,'h:aO wkif:tofzof,ref: zgifref:eef. rj:O[,oh. e[:wof;?e[:rluf, toferf.O[,oh. P;ref:ayj:rdkuf:brf: rD:erf.aqj.sq.oh.bof. ayj:pkifzuf:rj: rldof;v[auj; toferf.eef. trf,eef tlefref:eef. O[,avj:wj,aO,bof.? ayj:trf,vh;yj:erf.eef. zuf:cof udeftrf,omefehbof.?eh.yAef vgif;udefbSrf.cof tefedkif;bof./

ulef:cldof:IcSif, tefrD:e[:aq;wgef; rldif:cBmif:sv; ulef:cldof:cl,rD:cofeh. trf,pAwf:ej:?ulnf:pAwf:ph; pAwf:Olefulnf:? ayj:cofzkuf,cof;e[:ph;cof vh;rj:rguf;zmuf,vldefymh"bof.qkdif cofuGj,uef,awj:oh;Oj, zDe[:ph;cofbof.? cof bkrf,brfoj; ayj:uGj,uef,awj: zDxldef,zDcldof: e[:ph;qkdif cof;ph; qif,awylif:vDrmuf;vD ehbof.?wj,awuGj, uef,awj:oh;Ojeef.auj; zdwf;rguf, ulef:bl,pdrf:udefqrfcofaO tofvof; tofsy.? uh,? rlqldof:eh. uef,awj:oh;Ojbof./ ayj:uefawj:oh;Oj zDxldef,zDcldof:bof.qkdif tgefuefrkdof.udef pkifudef e[:ph;eef.bof.? awtrf,vh; pkifwD;Ndef:uGj, awvh;uGj,rdkof.pkif e[:ph;eef.ulnf:? bof.auj; awvh;udef e[:ph;eef.awj,ayj:OAif;? awtrf,vh;tofrj:ql: Ndef:aOtdwf:? ayj:tofrj:ql:Ndef: rj:udefqdkif auj.udefeef. qmif;xlyf:az:? emof trf,bl,vDehcofbkrf,brfqldif.ehbof./

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 108vkuf.wD;omef; tefqof;wluf:ykef;zgef:

eh.aO bmefuhuefrguf; (15) vuf:eef. rD:omef;ekdif; e[:omef;eef. vifNdef:awrD: rguf;(30)yhm? ulef:e[:omef;eef.sw. yAefulef:cldof:cl,rD: tefvAofulnf: bl,Oof:oh.? omef;cofeh.trf,rD: qkrf:ygifumefOj,Oej,tefv[ rj:ygifumef? bof.auj; cofqif,pjarjekif;clof: qdlif.eif,ydlef;rj: sw,rldof;yDcIAwf.-2000 rj:zmh,vifeh.ulnf:? awj,xkdifbmrf:eh. ulef:xof;cofurf;zgif; wkdu f.ekif;Odef; tefvAofulnf:trf,ekif;Oldof;? e[:omef;eh. trf,rD:Nif:pAef:?umefymh:rmuf;rD:auj; trf,pAwf:Oif vldofaOoj;pjvrf:xldef,vrf:cldof: ayj:cofvh;rj: wlofOwf:bof.eh rj:wSyf:yAef ykwf:b[,ykwf:vlifaO wif;erf.rh;" e[:arj;vlifbof. ayj:erf.eef.zlwf.rj:bof.qkdif tofedlof.cof vh;rj:eef.wgwf;O[,e[:arj; erf.zlwf.cofeef.aOOifoj; eldof.eef. qrfylnf,bof.qkdif qif,tofcof;Omefcof ygh,O[,qgrf:xSif; uofclef:avj:uefwif:eldof.eef.bof./ Oifoj; ref:Okuf:rj: yAeftlefrj:bof. qif,tgefuefudef pAwf:eefuGj,qgrf:oef:v[ oef:eef.ulnf:? Oifoj; rD:oef:teftrf,vh;rj: wlofOwf:qdkif coftofwlef;ulnf;eh. wlrf;pkifavj:cof;cofbof./

wD;tmyf,erf.cofauj; ulef:qhm:acj"? emif:bdif:pif:ref:acj"? tmyf,z[tmyf,ref: trf,rD:vgif;ekif;clof:tmyf,eyf.OifaO tmyf,vgwf;"vSof: qgrf:eif,Ozj,oudlwf,yj:rj:eef.bof./

e[:rldif:cBmif:eh. wmif:yAeftefuh.yAef vldofaOyldef;eef. yAefemofeluf.bof.? emofeluf.sv;rldif:cBmif:eh. ayj:wmef,cofyAef ulef:bl,

Ndef:vAofuefbof.? emofeluf.eh. urf;zgif;oj;tmyf,erf.zdwf: trf,eef udefzdwf:sv;yAefoj;eh wD;sw.ref: trf,q[;qldif.eefbgef.bkif: ]]Anopheles-taej:zdvdwf.-bkif:tefrD:rSif:emofeluf.}} clyf:sv; yAefbof.?bkif:taej:zdvdwf.eh. yAefbkif:vhm: cjbmof:rAof:edkif;? bkif:sr;ekdif;wlofeh. ekdif;yguf; ch,vh;yAefrguf; (200) ch,bof./ yAefbkif:sr;ulnf: tefclyf:qkyf, vldwf;vh;vD"? zgif:rldof;cofyj:wgif.oh.eef. eif,pdkofch,cof ayj:awwSuf,eh cofvlof,xmwf;edlof.(Protein)sv; cofqif,xmif,pmif;c[;qkyf,vldwf; clyf:eldof.bof.? ayj:cofawqkyf,awclyf:eh cofzl,erf.bmifpSef,(Olyf:cArf) cofO[,tgefwmif:? ayj:bof. qif,qkyf,clyf:bof.?ayj:vh;cmrf,wmif: cofqkyf,clyf:bof.qkdif qAyf:aO bgef.erf.bmifpSef,cofeef.sv; clrf:rj:bof.? urf.erfsw. ayj:nj:cofclyf: zgif:umife[sv; wmrf:crf; umifoef:qrfwluf:eef.qkdifqmif;qyf:wmif: yAefbof./

acj;uGmrf:tefMif.qkdof;oj; emofeluf.Malariaeh. vkuf.wD;acj;uGmrf: tDwvDaOrj:? emofeluf.eh. sz;wldef:wif:urf,zj,aO rldif:tarIduygwf:umifsv;ygwf:qmef:? tzIdu? ukeftj,OBj.eh. yAeferfaOyldef;bof./ ayj:yAefemofeluf.rj:eh pmif;zmifvuf.cej,ref: c[;pmuf;? Nofrof:?vlrf:emofckdef;? Ndof.tlef;? uwf:Oef,? eldof.eif vkyf,qldof:eh. clyf:ckdef;rj:? pSif:vldwf;at,rj:? Ndof,tguf,ylef.? th quGj, qldof:eh.bof./ayj:yAefpdkifrj:eh edlof.qmif;vldifrj: qmif;arjvkdrf:wlofrj:? ayj:emofeluf.cof;tguf: xkdifwD;vh;whmugef,bof./ qof;Oif,cj, tefuGj,wluf: ykef;zgef:ydkefszOj,Oej,eh. rmifyj: vh;OAif;

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 109umrf, Okwf:rkef bgef.emofeluf. eh.auj;rD:bof.? rmifyj:Orf. yhmbgif,ugyf; emof eluf.cof;ylef.ugef,bof.? emofeluf.eh. bgef. trf,rD:bj;bj tefsp.uif;oh.xj;tgefwmif:sv; ayj:ref:ej,rj:eh qmif;xkdiftOmuf; Ohmq[ugef,?bgef.eefsv; wD;tefrD:emofeluf.eef.trf,xkuf,vDyefbkif:clyf:/ eif,pdkof awvgwf;emofeluf. vh;vDvDeef. bj,oh.rofrmif vgif;bkif:clyf:eef.w/

rD:bj;bjvDtefekdif; tefqmif;sy.vh;emofeluf. bj;bjeef.sw. yAefcl dof:regh,eef.bof./ cldof:regh,eh. pjrj:bof. rj:wSyf:yAefygwf: p[;rD:rguf; ekdif;qgrf:rdkof: trf,eefekdif;ckdyf;eh.aO Okuf;erf. ayj.xkyf.yef rldefpof:xkyf. eldof.pSif;yjpSif;eef.aO P;erf.clrfref:tguf, vh;imh;vD"? ayj:bof. tofO[,e[:arj;aO O[,erf.wlrf; P;erf.clrfref:ayj:rlwf:?toferf.clrfref:eef.vhm" ckdef:cdkof,wif;xSif;p[;ref:ayj:tlefayj:wifbof.? erf.tlefref:eef. awvrfzdwf:"aO pdkifrj: awwifuGj,pif:ref: tmhref:sw. MrfNnf:Nnf:aOwj.erf.tlefref: tefwifbof.eeff.sw. clrfuduf: ej,aObj;bjeguf;rldif:ugef,? ayj:udefyefekdif;oef: rguf;wmef,Nnf,rAwf.rmuf,uSif:eh.ekdif;oef:ekdif;yguf;qkdif emofeluf. awtrf,Ol;arjqmif;cof;rj:vh;imh;iSrf;/ vmh:eh. wlofqof;uof,auj; bmrf;pAwf:rj: qmrf:rj:bl,/ urf.erfqof;Oif,c tefuGj,wluf:ykef;zgef: ykdefszOj,Oej, rldif:cBmif:eh. trf,ulofOif cofqof;ulofemofeluf. tefvAofulnf:/

ykdefszOj,Oej, Oefvghrdlif:cBmif: rmifwD;rmifv[eh. bgef.trf,rD:ulef:Olif,Ogrf:sv; vh;

pkifudeftofulnf:? bgef.pkifudeftofulnf:sv;e[:OlefuRif: zkuf,zuf:bldof;emif:cAofoh.v[? zkuf,rmuf,zkuf,wSifoh.v[? ayj:ref:b[,rj: ydwf:udefvh;rj: vkuf;tgef,cIdbmef,cof c[;qmrf:wlnf:cef,wD, vgif;bldef.uef;pof:pdkoftrf,N. cofOrf.rj:vuf.ydwf:udef/ rmifwD;Orf. vh;ydkif;tdif arjOgefcof qldof:rj:wluf:ykef;zgef: Ogefvduf;e[:Nif:pAef: vlifygifqkdif;qdlof:eef.aO cofpkifrj:Olif,yef? ayj:uGj,zdwf:cofauj; arj;cof;ydef;bof./ rldof;sw,qj.uGj,sw. trf,N.Oif cofoj;]]qof;bj,rh;q[zuf:Oif eldof.rlxldef, vldif,oj;vldif,}}eh e[:q[sw. vgrfoj; ]]wif:trf,bmrf;vh;udefeldof.rlxldef, Omif,xkuf,bof. awvh;udefwlnf: eldof.rlxldef,bof.}}eh vgrfqlrf:oh.?zldofzSofuGj, oef:v[auj; pefcof tofaej,rj:yefulnf: pefaej,urf.erfulnf: zldof,xmrfcof]]rD:v[vj, tefOloj; eldof.rlxldef,eef.}}ehcoftofaej,seaOoj; ]]eh.bof.ej, eldof.rlxldef,}} eh e[:q[auj; whmvj;sr;tldof. edlof.rlxldef,cofsv; wif:uofxmif,eh. uGj,uef'j.sv;vdefaej:J/

tefrguf,vmwf;serj: qgrf:eif,wD;eldofeh. tdifeldofwlofxlyf:cj; tefvh;uGj,wluf:ykef;zgef: ykdefszOj,Oej, Oefvghrdlif:cBmif: e[:yD2015-eh.aO awj.wh,ch;se zl;vlvduf;pof:cof qgrf:eif,wjpefwlofxlyf:atj;J/

qof;tkwfwrOjIjvifujI(Oj,rae,auBj,? odebodwl,? OjOeXQXrfrjqIdb wh:_rmef;? OjOewufvODv

XrfrjqIdb B.A)

1. cl;ej:- wD;vdefvldif: yj,tefpmrf:qldof:eef. wD,? 'ef:? ulef,? oSwf. P;yAefpmif;ej:?yldifej: vguf:ej:/

2. ej:wmif.- wD;Oefvgh wD;vdefqeff:eef. xmuf,pAwf:vguf:ej: oh.eif,Oduf;cl;vh/

3. ej:wlif;- ej:tefpAwf:oh. wD;vdefymif,yAif:/

4. auj,aw: - vdefuGmif;b[,eef. (eif,pdkoferf.awpif:vh;vD cof;tguf,vh;? awuSwf,erf.vh;vDimrf:) auj,pAwf:yAefOef yAefaw: P;yAefvguf:eef./ (wmif:wj,awyhcof;yhtguf, e[:ej:auj;qkdof;bof.)

5. quf:aw:- ulef,? oAuf.? quf:bldof;bj;teftguf,oh.qgrf:cgyf, qgrf:aw:/

6. wD,aw:- bldof;bj; teftguf,qgrf:aw:ej:qldof:eef. wD,? zef:? ymwf,P;uAif;/

7. wAifaw: - aw:ej:tefwSrf,? tefughtefvl.qldof:eef. ckdef:sr:auj,ukrf:P;Okifauj,P;cldif,crf./

8. wlduf,uj;- pAwf:P;yAefwlduf,yAefvgefoh.aO wj,omef,qdlof.uj; vh;vDimrf:/

9. omef,uj;- tofydluf,cof; (tefsq;brf:bof.aO oh.P;ilif:rj:tdwff:tD;) omef,O[,e[:wlduf,uj;/

10. xlnf;uj;- wlef;uj;tefb[,Okifrj:rguf;ekdif;Oguf,? Oguf,urfeef. xlnf;aO zwf.ySwf; vdeftefqyf:eef. bmwf,uAif;/

uj;OgifrAof: (u) uj;brf:- wlef;uj;tefomef,oh. wD;e[:wlif;ej: O[,erf.aOxlnf;/(c) uj;pSif;- wlef;uj;tefomef,oh. wD;ukif:wD;ugif:eef. xlnf;pSif;tof? uj;vghehauj;Mif./

11. rwf.uj;- wlef;uj; tefxlnf;bof.qldof:eef. tofwguf,aO rwf.P;yAefrwf. yAefwkrf:? OmrfurfpAwf:ekdif;rwf./

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 11112. pmyf,uj;- wlef;uj; tefrwf.bof.qdlof:

eef. O[,e[:Oj.e[:Ogif:aO pmyf,uGj,wrf:qgrf:vguf:ej:/ rmiffwD; tofrwf.uj; rwf.qyf:wD;umef:aO pmyf,auj;rD:/

13. okdwf.uj;- rwf.uj; tefwrf:oh. qgrf:vguf:ej:qldof:eef. tofodkwf.yef e[:vguf:ej:P;qgwf,aq:ul;vguf:/

14. Ogrf;uj;? Ogrf;ej:- wlef;uj; tefodkwf.oh.qldof:eef. cdkef:sr:vdwf;aO Ogrf;tofekdif;Ogrf;OgifOmrfwlef;/

15. ydef;zmef;- ohm:ymwf,cof;bof.sv;Oif ej;cmof:Ogrf;ej:sv;Oif xhP;vdefydef;ilyf.(xhvldif:aOwrf:oh.)/

16. xh- tofrgef. rmuf;xhaO xhP;vdefe[:vguf:ej: ydef;ilyf.yjvlifoh.sv; Mif.oj;xhsu,/

17. zj,- tefxhsu,oh.qldoff:eef. eif,pdkofayj:awbmh;uGj,eef. tofzldofaO vmuf;P;bhm;/

18. ap;_clef._zldof- eif,pkdofayj:awtlefvD bmh;vDaO awOgrf;wlef;uj;vh;vD qyf:vDeef. vkdrf.clef.yefxSif;bof./

19. OGmif:erf.- eif,pdkofvdefawtlef;aO awpAwf:ej:vh;vDeef. vlof,vh;OGmif:O[,erf. ul;vguf:" P;wArfbof./

20. cmif,erf.- rldof;Ogrf;eef. eif,pdkofwlef;cof;awqyf:vD? ulef:Ogrf;cofauj; ayj:awihm;eef. erf.tefrD:e[:vguf:ej:eef.(ayj:erf)vlof,vh;cmif,yef P;erf.awj.sw.ukdwf:bof./

21. pSwf.erf.- ayj:Ogrf;bof. pdkifwmef,"eif,pd kofwlef;cof; ayj:awtrf,uSef.erf.?eif,pdkofwlef;cof; ayj:awwkdif;ckdef;rj:eef.yduf.Noferf. trf,yeferf.cof;ej:bof./

22. ckwf:Mif;- wD;pdrf:vSefej: pdrf:vguf:ej: awvh;ckwf:Mif;erf.oh.yefbof./

23. vmif:Mif; - Mif;erf.cof; erf.tguf,ej:qldof:eef. ckdef:sr:wD, ckwf:yefP;erf.vhvD/

24. vgrf.wj,Nof.- tofrh. trf,eeftofOmhvAuf: vgrf.sp.yef ulofolof:? uGmh:? rl? rjquGj,qdlof:rj:cof;wofej:/

25. O[,zkef,- eif,pdkofrmuf,awylif: Nif:cof;awugef;eef. tofcD;olof: uGmh:quGj, O[,yefe[:vguf:ej:/

26. rmhej:- wlef;bldof;bj; teftguf,qgrf:wlef;cof;qldof:eef. vlof,xlnf;rhmyef/

27. q[:ej:- zgif:Ogrf;bof.vDimrf:eef.OgifOmrfoef:ekdif;yguf; vh;uGj,Ol,q[:yef rmifwD;uGj,egef:y[.tof/

28. ymwf,cof;- wlef;cof;tefsu,vldifOkuf:bof.qdlof:eef. tofcAof:aO ymwf,wrf:oh./

29. vdrf;cof;- ymwf,aO tofsz,wmuf,oh.eldofawjzldif:/

30. zgef.cof;- wlef;cof;tefsz,oh.qldof:eef. rwf.yAefwkrf:aO tofuGj,ugif,oh.wD;vAof/

31. ykrf,cof;- wlef;cof;tefugifoh.qldof:eef. sr:cyf. sr:auj, pAwf:yAefugifb[,rlef:Okif/

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 11232. pAwf:qvmif:_Omifcof;- zgif:ayj.cof;

eef. eif,pdkofawywf:wgrfql.vh; rmuf,cof;ihm;vh;zAof;ywf:bldof;ySwf;uAif;"aO Mh:wSuf,qwf.qldof:eef.auj; vlofukyf:yefbof./

33. ayj.cof;- cof;tefrwf.oh. yAefwkrf:qldof:eef. zwf.ayj.P;rmuf,cof;ref: Nif;wluf:rj:bof./

34. bAyf,cof;- wlef;cof;qldof:eef. tofugifoh.aO tofolof: uGmh:bAyf, P;rmuf,cof;Nif;/

35. Omh,zdlif:- cof;tefayj.bof. bAyf,bof.qldof:eef. tefrmuf,cof;ref: yh,Nif;wluf:rlwf:eef. ckdef:tofcgef.ymhiguf:aO sr:zwf.vkdrf.yef P;ref:uAif;bof./

36. vmifcof;- tofuluf,aO qgef.cof;ydluf,okdwf.ckdef;uGj, bgef.vlrf:aO pmyf,ref:sv;tefvDref:qldof:eef. yAefuGj, auj.wD;bof./

37. oD:cof;- zgif:vmifsv;Oif rdlof;ugifcof;ydluf,sv;Oif tofoD:vlif zwf.oD:yef P;ylduf,?uSyf,? zldif: zlif.ydofvlifuGj, wmif,wD;bof./

38. wmuf,cof;- ohm:ayj.bAyf,cof;bof. eif,pkdofcof;ydluf, awpSif;vD awoh.vh;pkdifeef. sz,aO tofwmuf,vSwf,yefbof./

39. oh.cof;- ayj:wmuf,pSif;vDbof. awj.O[,oh.e[:bgif e[:ab:aO oh.cof;ydluf,bof./

40. wrfcof;- eif,pdkofawyAefOmefaOudefvh;eef. tofcof;ylduf,O[,e[:cluf. (cluf.rh.?cluf.pdef? cluf.qmuf;quGj,)aO vh;wrftof/

41. uAyf:udif,cof;- ohm:ymwf,cof;bof. sv,pjuAyf:Nif:cof; udif,cof; tefNif;oh. qgrf:e[:ej:/

42. zwf:cof;qvmif:_ckwf:Omif:cof;- ohm:ayj.cof;bof. cof;ylduf,tefNif;oh.sv;Oif tefrD:qgrf:pmyf,eef.sv;Oif ywf:wgrfaO tofvlif;ckdef:sr:zwf:vkdrf.tof cof;ylduf,tefrD:Omefeef.bof./

uAyf:MrfwgrfwSrf; Omif,awj, 29.9.2015

zmif.Owd ymh:bl,vDsv;Omhwjrdlof;ymefugef,eef. z[auj; wdkef:trf,ac.uef egef:vdkuf:/ ayj:xdkif (8:00) rgif: (9:00)

rgif: bof.eh tgefuefegef:bof./ xdkifrj: umyf;ymefbmrf:vAofeh. ydlef;Orf.tgefac.uefegef:vdkuf:? tofumifcdkef: pAwf:umifoef:? tofumifoef: pAwf:umifcdkef:bof.? umyf;ymefr[, rj:eh.vgif;pAwf:vgif;Omif; ulef:pof: Orf.ayj:ySuf,ydlif;bof.? cdlif;qmuf;eef. ref:trf,arjch;arjemof?trf,arjqAyf: arjuSef:? ref:trf,arjOmhwjvl.? trf,rD:wjvyf:wjegef:ulnf:? ugyf;eefzmif.Owd ymh:bl,vDsv; Omhwjqof;uof,uGj,wj./

OdlofvSof:pmef (omef;zhm,)

ayj:oj; wmif:puf.ehsw. ulef:pof:ul;auj."N.uefbl,? Oifoj; wmif:puf.zmh,vAofehsw.N.uefat,aw."/ ugyf;Oif Orf.oj;eef urf;zgif;eh. Oifoj; rmof,sw.puf.Omofbl, OmofOrf.trf,puf.rmof,eh tgefuefN.oj; yAefwmif:puf.zmh,vAofehbof./

wD;aw.ref: trf,uj:tefeh.ulnf: rD:xSif;wif:erfwif:vmhugef,? ulef:pof:urf;zgif; rmifauj.eh. tl;sr;ydlef;sw.puf.bl, vkuf;vmif:ydlef;Orf. trf,puf./ rmifauj. vkuf;vmif:ydlef;sw.c[;vh;bl, ayj:sr;ydlef;Orf. trf,c[;wlnf:xkdif/ rmifauj. yD;ydlef;sw.puf.bl, Orf.ugj,qif:egif.ydlef;/ rmifauj.Orf. puf.egif.ydlef;bl, Orf.cdkef:trf,udBLuf;yD;ydlef;/ urf;zgif; zlofar:sw.arjpuf.uefbl, Orf.vdkrf:ukif,ayj;sr;/ urf;zgif;Orf. puf.vkuf;vmif:bl, ayj;sr;qof;Orf.trf,bdkef; trf,yef sw,ugj,qdlof:eh.wif:OAif;Ogef,oj; yAefwmif:puf.zmh,vAof tefarjwlnf:pef Okef,wlofb[,ylef.vlef.ej,eef.bof./

ayj:yAefqdlif.eefqdkif qgif,Orf.awvDpdkof/Oifoj;yAefwlofqof;uof, auj.vh;cmrf,ydlef;qif:cmrf,ydlef;xmif,vAuf. cmrf,ydlef;wAuf:wAif vh;cmrf,ydlef;ydkef.ygh,ySwf;pof: cmrf,ydlef;vlvmhpof: aw,ugj,qdlof:eh. qof;uof,awOdlof:vh;bl,pj.? awbl,ayBj,bl,pj.? awudefomefbl,pj.? awegef:vyf:bl,pj. ckdef:olef.Ogef,wlnf: vD" wD;wlofuof,vl:qgif,awarjwldof.q[ qgif,awarjacj:clrfq[vAuf.qgif,awarjolef.iofbl,pdkof P;arjygif,q[yefueful;auj.auj.aOurf:/

wmif:puf.zmh,vAofeh. ref:wdkef:trf,vDaOtdwf:/ wmif:puf.ugef:udlif;ugef:zmh,eh. trf,udkif,vDyefyAefaOauj. P;arjtdwf:vluefsv;ulef:eif,uefulnf:? P;N.ygif,eldofuefsv; rD:wlofwif:q[eif,uefulnf:/ zmh,vAof tefoj;eef. pmif;qpmif;pmh.ej, trf,ckdwf:vh; trf,wArfxlef;vh;/ ydlifwSuf;ref: rD:cjzmh,vAof rD:wjcgefvAof rD:rdkof:yj;vAof rD:cl:vifzmh,vAof rD:omefNzmh,vAof rD:cAof;zmh,vAofsw,ugj,qdlof:eh. qgif,

114 qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

qof;uof,Orf.awuBdLuf;bl,pdkof awpmef.q[vh;bl,pdkof/ olef.wlnf:xSif;urf:edkif;ugef,sv; awyAefpdkofoh. rdlefqdlif.eif,eefbof./

pof:yAefulef:rj:eh. z[trf,bl,udkuf:urf,zj,vlifeh.vh;wj,aO,? awarjxof; awarjyAefarjemof arjwmhul;auj.auj.bof./ ugyf;eef P;arjpuf.zAif,cdkif; bj,xgrf,uGmrf:zmh,vAof bj,bkrf,zmh,vAof bj,wgif;xmrfzmh,vAof bj,yefOkef,vh;zmh,vAof bj,aytofOkef,vh;zmh,vAof P;arjoh.erf.q[vD zj,umifomif:cdkif;sv;? c[;yAefauj.v[auj;bof. qkrf:v[auj;bj, cdlof:v[auj;vDzj,Oj,v[auj;vmh: rdlif:v[auj;eefbof.? clof eh.rD:zmh,ykef.ulnf:auj; trf,wh,vh;? rD:zmh,eh.ulnf:auj; trf,wh,rj:vh;? awvh;rD:zmh,ykef. zmh,eh.qyf:uefugef, qif,ugj,rj:vh; vDvDimrf:imrf:bof./

zmh,vAoftefoj;eh. bl,wD;wmif:puf.c[;yAefbl,wD;umefOifc[;yAef wdkef:oj;trf,vDbof.rD:ydkef:tgef,tefedkif; e[:rdlif:vlifOj,owf.xdeef. omef;tgef,omef;edkif; rD:OgifcjyD;egif.auj.yD;qmh: auj.puf.egif.bdif:ayj:wmef,vkuf;/auj.egif.bdif:auj;puf. yD;qmh:ayj:wef,ayj;sr;qof;? bl,qgrf:uefrj: awj,ayj:b[,yAefrmof,yAefOmof xdkifayj:yAefej;Ndef:ugj, wif:Ogifauj.bof./ auj.egif.bdif: ref:vh;ugj,cdkef;y[.yldef;wmif,omef; rD:wj,yDekdif; ugyf;oj;egif.bdif:trf,vh;pefyD;qmh:auj; ayj:yAefvmhvmhyDbof. qif,qlof:tofwif:zlofref:aO cD,avj.rdlof:Ol,q[:yD;qmh:cofbof./ ugyf;ref:emif:yj:wgif.oh.sv;trf,rdlof:auj;trf,vh; eh.sw.wdkef:yAef zdif;xkif:rdlof;ugef,ugef,rD:oh. ayj:oj; rdlof:zSofNdef:

yD;qmh:cofbof.auj; auj.yAefzlofsw. bl,wmef,"aO cdkef:bgef:yguf;rdlof: wj,pAwf:umefwmif:Ndef:bof./ bl,pdkifvmh"oef: urf:eef. tefyAef ar:yD;qmh:(yD;vlof:)cofeef. vh;pefref:emif: wdkof:idkef: wkdof:crf: wdkof:OSif ekif;clof:cSrf.ej,sv;tguf,q[c[;vh;cgifvhmydleff;rj:/

aw,tofwD;eef;aO N.vgif;pjwmif: pAwf:uAif;yAefemofvlifemofvmif ayj:wmef,oj; awbjtrf,vh;qdlif.eefbof./ auj.yAefzlof qif,rj:xmrf yAefpdkofoh.vj,Ol/ ref:auj;ugyf;oj; ayj:trf,vh;tofedlof.egif.bdif:Oleef. rj:udefpAwf:bj;bjref:sw. trmef,xmif,Oj: wmhtrf,pmif.bof./ urf:eef. zlofref:oj; trf,yAefvh;blof.Ol/ ar:ref:Orf.oj; ayj:puf.pof:auj; awpmhbl,ayj:trf,puf.auj; awwmhbof./ awpAwf:yefpj.trf,pAwf:yef cmif:tD.cmif:atj.bl,bof./

zlofref:auj;oj; awcyf:cdkifyefvhehaOqif,Mif.tofacBj:tof auj.yAefegif.bdif:aOvmwf;oj; rldof;ayj;sr;pj:yh,wmh omef;wmif:ykef.rD:wj,Ndef:edkif; cofxkuf,eD;oh.erfoj;erfbof.Oifoj; pj:yD;egif. qgrf:uefugj,tofugef, cofqif,awyefpj:ehtdlof;ehaO OgifcjyD;egif.tguf,ugj,qgrf:uef rdlof;zSofugj,e[:xdlef,vdkuf.vlif wD;w[;rh.ngif,vlif vyf:Odif,zdkwf:zkdwf:eef. qif,qefwdkwf.tof clefNofegif.bdif:ref: vlif:avj.rj: tmef:awtofwmhsw.sw.bof./ egif.bdif:auj; wgif:ymef,acBj:ogef:vmwf;vD wmef,v[auj; trf,xgrf, wdkwf."qef" tmef:rifwmhaw."/ bl,urf:tgef,ekdif; egif.bdif:ref: yj:wgif. wArfvdlefudlwf,oef:udlwf, Orf.ayj:udlwf,tguf,zmh,ej;yD;cofbof./ auj.egif.qif,oj; yD;

115qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

trf,at:vDegif.auj; at:vlvmefyD;tdwf:edkif;sv; yD;aw.trf,olef.Oif cdkef:tmif;tofwmhbl,wduf:"? auj.egif.qif,olef.ygif,oj; rdlof;vAofeh. vldofaO oj;uj,xj,Tzj:yAefqof; trf,rD:Oifbof./ awrj:pAwf:P;pof:yD;egif. ayj:vh;uwf:bAefeh ref:emif:qif,vgwf;uj,xj, ykwf.xrf, OIerf uwf.Oj,rd ehwduf:wduf:? e[:wjyD;qmh:cofeef. pefyAefegif.clnfref: yj:wif:vSof:vlifbmof:"aO awrj:zef:ref:ehsv; rif.tSef;ymh; ayj:trf,wef:tofOifaOrAof:bof.? pwf:auj;trf,pwf:rj:xSif;eef.aOyguf;bof./

ayj:pof:rj:wlnf: ydkef:ygwf:tgef,Nofeh.qdkif wmif:puf.zmh,vAofeh. ref:pmif;qpmif;pmh.ref:rlduf;vldif:ylef.wD;ej, ref:wlnf:pef wj,wlofuof,pSif:ylef.vdlofej,/ bgef.ydlof;qdlif.eefsv; zl;vlvduf;pof:cof bj,ayoh.q[puf. zhm,vAof?c[;yAefumefOifyAef- umefwmif:puf.wif:ySif:c[;yAefyAef? umefej;apjawjNdef:c[;yAefyAef?umefrl,umefqkrf:? umefyj,wD,c[;yAefyAef? umefomef;umefrdlif: c[;yAefyAef? umefuj.umefchm c[;yAefyAef? ydlifvlifref: pof:vlof,oh.erf.q[ zj,umifomif:cdkif; wlofydlef;oh.eif,bdlif;wlofpof:aO P;yAefauj.ygifumef P;yAefauj.pwf:pmef tefarjN.quf: Twj:qdkof;q[;eef.aOurf:/

qmh:rmof,qSwf; (rdlif:wArf vj;OAof;)

Hok%f^yYfYQdwOkwf;

Ipmef:coftdlnf:J zl;tj,bkb[,aO qif,ugh;pAwf:Ipmef:eef. P;ayj:wArfxlef;vlnf;Twj:pj;yj:eh. vh;bmyf, (rD:bmyf,) sw.bof./ pj;yj:qdlof:v[aej:` 1. edykaEj - vgif;bAef,si;tlef;tgef,vlnf;qgrf:yuf:ydlifodeh:eef. ydlifedkif;? 2. tjuyfyOrfyefaej - vgif;tdef,waI,Ipmef: wArfxlef;eef.auj; ydlifedkif;? 3. YpkOfOkawj - vgif;rD:wmif:pkb[,erfuGmif; e[:xrf:eef.auj; ydlifedkif;? 4. Xrfruxdauj - vgif;arjapj:Twj:eef.auj; ydlifedkif;? 5. odebXaIj- vgif;vlif.vSef, uwf.cSef, z[:zmh vSwf:OSof: vlnf;yuf:ydlifodeh:eef.auj; ydlifedkif;? yAefqdlof:eh.bof./ Ipmef:coftdlnf:J zl;tj,bkb[,aO qif,ugh;pAwf:Ipmef:eef. P;ayj:wArfxlef;vlnf;Twj:pj;yj:eh. vh;bmyf, (rD:bmyf,) sw.eif,oj;bof./

acj;uGmrf:erf:

qgrf:eif, O[,oh.Nofacj; ]]bj,P;pof:vh;wldof.q[xSif; yguf;urf:Ogif}} tefoj;eef. ayj:awrj:wlnf:Nofacj;ref:aw. tSyf;awc[;uyf:umh,oh. vgif;wmif:puf. wmif:ySif: rmof,Omof cofqldof:eh. oh.auj;vlof"ehbl,/

yAefpkdofauj;vDJ vgif;wldof.q[tefoj;eh.awtrf,ugrf.oj; bgef.wmif:puf.vgif;vAofulnf:?uyf:umh,vlnf; tefpof:bldif:tmef:bl,sv;trf,xkdifwD;yAefrj:? vh;cmrf,wmif:yldef; vlvmh?wAuf:wAif eldofpof:qldof:eh.auj; qmif;yAef vgif;wldof.tluf:wldof.q[bl,eif,uof, ehbof./

vgif;wldof.q[ rl dof;urf:tgefwmif:

rldof;ul;zof,yj;vif ymefyl,rgef,emh:bj;pof:rldof;tgefwmif:qldof:eef. vh;pefoh. vgif;rh;q[cofsv; vgif;wldof.q[pof: tefuh.sv,cmif:seuefoh. wif:erfwif:vmhbl,bof./ vgif;wmif:tefpof: vh;wldof.q[bl,rldof;vAofeh. bgef.oj;trf,wArfxlef; vgif;wmif:qldof:eh.bof.-

1. ej;umefynfnj, vgif;OgefpAef:?2. vgif;ckdef;b[, r[,Okif e[:omef;? e[:oAif:?3. vgif;ukOlof, wmif:vD qldof:eh. aw

vh;oj; pof:yAeftefwluf:vj;wluf:vkdef:? blyf;bgrf:oh.bl, sw.sw.eef.bof./

1. uyf:umh,vlnf; ej;umefynf,nj, OgefpAef:- tefoj;eef. ayj:awrj:wlnf: vgif;wlif.ekdif Ogeftmef, rldof;ylef.rj: qldof:eef.awvh;oj; yAefqof;yAefckefcof urf.erfulnf:vh;ckdef;pAef:Ogeftof ynf,nj,aO rldefeif,ulef:omef;ulef:Olefcof qldof:eef.sw. trf,Ol;vh;ckdef; uRif:Ogefvduf;vmh:Oif ehbof./

umrf,vDvj;J wif:rD:oh. owf.uRif:rkefqof;aO Ogefyefvh;tdwf:tgwf:aO pAwf:P; arjvlarjwSrf; Omhq[vduf;wh: trf,cmwf,/

bgef.oj; pof:trf,vh;Ogef vh;pAef:sw."vgif;ekdif;? trf,rD:Okef,vh;Okef,yAef qldof:eef.auj; vgif;ekdif;ehsv; xkdifrldof; yAefqof;y[.rldof.y[.oef:ehauj; xkdifoj;vduf;Mwf;rj:ehqkdif wj,awarjvlaO tguf,OAifvh;eef.pj"Orf.ayj:qgwf,wif:omef;auj; ab;rldof; ab;v[ uh.sv,rD: qof;qaI:cof qldof:eh.ulnf:/bgef.yldof; pof:nmef,xkdif.sv; trf,arjvduf;trf,q[;? bgef.pof: trf,rD:auj.yef? auj.yldif:vSif:se OAef;wj;Omhwmif: qldof:eh.sv; qif,vh;yAefeif,ehbof./ ayj:oj; pof:vh;pAef: rldefyldef; vh;Ogefrldefyldef; bl,ayj:ehqkdif trf,Okrf:umef.z[eif,uof,sO;/

bj,P;pof:vh; wldof.q[xSif; yguf;urf:Ogif

qof;odvj,O (rldif:Ol;)

F

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 1172. uyf:umh,vlnf; vgif;wlif.ek di f; e[:

omef;? e[:oAif:- tefoj;eef. ulef:pof:eh.ayj:trf,vh;Ogefauj; trf,arj? ayj:trf,arjehauj; trf,ckdef;b[, qgrf:eif,oj;eef.aOwj,awyluf:ygif ckdifOmif; P;ej;omef; ayj:awNdof;Ndif: ej;rldif:awuwf:bAef tefoj;eef.iof;pmuf;ydkef.xmefref: vkuf.rj:wD;wmif:N.tefpof:vh;OgefpAef:rj:? vh;vAyf;pAef:tofqldof:eef.bof./

umefrifvgif;eh. trf,bmyf,ehaOwj. ayj:trf,bmrf;vh;Ogefrj: ayj:ehqkdif yAefej;umefbmyf,sw."bof.? Oifvh;pAef: vh;Ogefsw.auj; bif:awimh;aOulef:udef ulnf;Okuf:eef.vl:ugef,ehbof./

ugyf;eefsv; bgef.oj; pof:trf,bmrf;Ogeftofvmh:ref:vDeif,eefsv; wj,P;omef;ck def;b[,rl defyl def;? ckdwf:yldef;sw,uGj,qldof:eef. wkdef:yAefoh. vgif;bmyf,zkdwf,tkdwf,q[oh. ykef;wj, vkuf;vmif: vmef vdefpof: rldefeif,ymefpof:pj: awj;vAofeh.bof./

3. uyf:umh,vlnf; umefukOlof,- tefoj;eef. qldif.eif,oj;bof. ]]ayj:trf,vl,auj;trf,rD:? ayj:trf,rD:auj; trf,vl,}}ehaOulef:pof:eh. umefukOlof, tefoj;eh. urf;zgif;pAwf:sw. pAwf:oj; c[;vl,sw."oj;"aOwj.auj;bgef.trf,qmif;tofOifvl,sv; trf,yAefvl,yAefwmef:qldof:eh.bl,bof./

q[;bl,sw.vl:J clif:umifvlifeh. wj,awyAefvh; umefvDtefoj;eef. ayj:oj;ymh:rmuf;rD:pof: vkwf;bgrf:ayj:ehauj; trf,qmif;tofOifvl,vh;eif,ehbof./

rldefeif, ]]owf.vlifwkdef:xrf: rldif:umofvlif}}pof: rldof;vAofeh. Oifoj;pof: trf,rD:vgif;rmuf;rD:wArfxlef; ayj:ehqkdif wj,awrD: qof;aq,wej, b[,"vlif"aO vl,wmef:qldif. eif,eh wkdef:awtrf,yAefvh; eef.bof./

ugyf;eefsv; yj,vdqif,rD:oh.oj; ]]qjUjbodykv> Xe>= ayj:vh;vl,wmef:ehauj; vgif;udef vgif;ekif;sw,uGj, wmif:vlof,qldof:eh. qif,awwgef:wldof: rmuf;rD:rj: rldefeif,tluf: wlef;q[pof:eef.}}ehbof./

vgif;wmif:rD:eh. ref:urf.yef wD;pAwf:ukOlof,bof.? vgif;OgefpAef:eh. Orf.urf.xSrfyef vgif;rmuf;rD:eheef.bof./

bgef.yl dof;eefsv; rldof;ul;yguf;ul;zof,qldof:eef. bgef.oj; pof:vh;wluf:vj;wluf:vdkef:oh. qldif.eif,oj;sv; xkdifrj:ymefpof:pj:rldof;vAofeh. vgif;Oifehauj; qgif,vh;tmrf:yldef;cghyldef;? xmif,b[,yldef;urf.erf qldof.ehpkdof tefoj;eef. trf,vmwf;auj; wumh,ckdef:qrf;ej;awj;awN.xkdifuefbl,bof./

ulef:xof;cof rmifauj." urf:"tofvgif; wldof.q[cof uh."tofvmwf;se vmefvdefcof oj;]]qldof:pof:eh. bgef.oj; rldof;ul;yguf;eh. pof:trf,vh;OgefpAef:rj:sv; bkrf,ydlef;imh;bof.?bgef.bkrf,imh;qdlif.eefsv; qif,vh; rj:crfoh.vgif;wkuf.c bl,qldof:eh.bof.}}eh uh."sv,idef:uefbl,/

yAefpkdofauj;vD cmof:bmrf:tefylef.uGj, qlof;uSyf.urf:eef. pAwf:pkdofauj; wkdef:trf, tofckdef:vh;? tefylef.uGj, cmof:pkdifeef.auj; ref:

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 118awj;trf,vh;ckdef:aO wkdef:yAefcmof:bmrf:ySwf;vguf,ySwf;vhmuGj, ykef;wj,pof:eef.sv;trf,xkuf,vDolef.ref:bof.? awvh; bjq[oj;]]wkdif:ref:aOvj;}}ehulnf:bof./

vgif;wmif:tefyAefrj: wif:rlwf:eef.yAefoh.vgif;wldof.q[ ykef;wj,ulef:rldof; ul;yguf;oh.aO ykef;wj,pof:pj: rldof;vAofsv; vkuf;vmefpof:rldof:ej; awtrf,vh;wldof. q[xSif; yguf;Ogifeef.qkdif-

(1) awvh;oh. yldifrD;vD"aO cwf:q[P; vkuf;tgef,cof arjvduf;/

(2) eif,pkdofvkuf;tgef,cof ayj:awarj ay.wlofrj:eef. awvh; tofvmh:wmif,rAof:aO q[.wlnf:yyf. wmifN.wmif:pef/

(3) eif,pkdofcof ayj:awrD: wmif:bmrf;vDaO cof;su;tguf,umifyldef;vh;eef. awvh;uh."wkduf.Olef:yef P;arjrD:erf.qfG ykef;ulef:erf(yIpdw) awckdef;b[,uGj, qldof:eh. yAefykef;zgef:ayj;sr; sv;cl:Ogef? arjOgefcof qldof:eh.bl,bof./

uyf:umh,vlnf; tefvh;vmwf;serj: qldof:eh. yAefvguf:vmh: wj,pof:pj: ylef.vgwf;vh;vgif;rh;? wldof.q[ omh:vifaO vh;uwf:bAef vDyAefoh. rldof:ej;eef.bof./

acj;vlyf:

tdifeldoftefvh; Oyf:vSif:uGj, qldof:eh.aObof. rldof:ej;rj: ulofvh;wldof.q[ ykef;pof:pj: xSif;urf:Ogif urf:Omrfqldof:eef.sv;qif,vh;wSrf;vmwf;seuGj, ykef;wj,zl;vlvduf;pof:cofwif:OAif;bl,bof./

Oifoj;vh;vlrSef;bof.ehauj; P;arjolef.oj; wj,awckdef;b[,rldof:ej;eef. yAefykef;zgef:pof: ehaOsv; Okdyf,wkdif; P;zopof:ylef.vgwf;cj; wluf:wSrf,qldof:eef.aO P;yAefuGj,zoulef:qef.Okif rkefb[, umrf,rmuf;eef. z[ref:aOurf:J/

qof;odvj,O (rld fif:Ol;)

18. 07. 2013

e[:avj:uvlifeh.-tefOkifOkwf: yAefrj,etefbmof:Okwf: yAefOmrf,OIj,tefvdlwf,rh;Okwf: yAefzh:Ij,utefuwf:bAefOkwf: yAefrSwf;wj,bof./

e[:avj:ueh. tD;OifaOrof,oj; trf,vh;vmhrj:aOtef ulnf:uj; tefrD:uj;cefb[,Okwf:vh;vmheef.sw. yAefrSwf;wj,ayj;sr;Ogifqof;bof./

Omif,qef,awj:zj,O (omef;oj.? au,OD,)

rdlif:crf:eh. udkif,vSyf;uef wif:qkdof;ref:bl,OefvhgOgrf,Ogrf,tgef, vgrf.Myf;oh.aOtrf,uj:wlif;ej: ODvdlifvdlifsv; owf.Tzj:auj; yefwmif:bArf;Oj,uwf:bAef oAif:rdlif:crf:oh.bl,/ OAifeluf.tgef,cofauj; rdlefpmif; tguf,OAifuGmrf:yefulef:oAif:rldif:crf:cof P;Odlof:q[? ulef:tefbl,wD;oAif:rldif:crf:ehauj; vSwf:vSwf:OSof:OSof:trf,cmef.trf,rgh; pAwf:umefOlef umefej:aOvAif.wgif.ugj,/

bgef.trf,cmef.sv; ulef:zmefulef:ugwf:ulef:bgef: trf,rD:e[:rdlif:crf:eh.aOauj./ qof;apjcrf:rdlif:crf:eh.auj; bl,Oof:vlnf; rmhrD;apjcrf:sv; yAeftefvDOdlof:/ omef;rdlif:wdlif:uj:auj; cdkef;b[,oh.bl,bof./ e[:rdlif:crf:eh. trf,rD:ulef:vuf. ulef:qlef ulef:pmh.sv; vh;bl,uwf:uwf:bAefbAef? trf,rD:ej;Odkuf:sv; trf,wgef. vlof,tguf,vdlwf;tuf,bmif aOyguf;/ bgef.ydlof; oAif:rldif:crf:eh. wArfxlef;oh. ul;vgif;vgif;sv; xdkifrj:oef:edkif; tofumrf,uBmrf,rj,pmh.vlifvh;wluf:xkdifrj:wD; oAif:rdlif:crf: bl,bof./

apjcrf:rdlif:oef:wluf: N.vgif;rdlif:crf:eh. wArfxlef;oh. ul;ydlifsv; wSyf:wwf:q[ awtmef:Odrf:tof oAif:rdlif:crf:ehaO pAwf:vduf; umrf,uBmrf,

rj,pmh.vlif xSofedkif; wSrf;Olif,xdkifoAif:rdlif:crf:-

]]awyefrdlif:vDvDpkdof trf,eef awvh;wkdof wdkuf:tof}} vduf;xSofeh. cmof,imof:vdkof:vifOmef;arj:uGj,sv; tefpjrdwf;auj;pj qdlof:tefpjumif,auj;rD: zgif:zl;qmh:cof Okuf.Ouf.eif,eef emif:bdif:cofauj; trf,acBj.vj:vj:/

]]ae; Omuf,cluf.uofeh. xkyf.yjpSif;rj: ayj:yAefzgif trf,N.vmhwlofbof./ rdlof;eh.sw. awvh;se erf.uwf.Omuf,cluf.pof:ugj;}}

tefyAefemif:bdif: zmh,wluf:Ndef:auj;

]]zuofauj; bj,xif,acBj.vj:vj: ayj:wD;Ndef:pof: trf,rD:zdkef:wmrf tofzeh.ulnf: zj,zdkef: ayj:bof.yAeftrf,N.vmhoj:? rdlof;eh.sw.awvh;se erf.uwf.zuofugef,}}oj;ehaOtgefuef pjcdlif;bdyf:z[ cdlif;bdyf:ref: ayj:Olef;Odef:Omefugj,wmif:rdlif:/ trf,wgef.yAefOdkuf:trf,wgef.rD:ej;Odkuf:sv; udkif.umif.vh;xlyf:nj:qdkif uGifuGifuj:uj: qeftguf,rj: Muf,auj; uef:ref: rgwf;ayj:qD:? qefrj:umif,auj; Omhumif,elclyf: xlyf:wmif:bmyf,oh.bl,bof./

ckefapjcrf:auj; Mif.toftrmwf;cof tkyf,ukrfuefoh:oh: qof;apjcrf:qif,oj;-

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 120]]tdlof; ayj:yAefOdkuf: ulef:rdlif:pof: awvh;

vl.pmhwmh? ayj:trf,wdkuf:aO yefauj; Orf.aO:vmh awvh;pAwf:pdkofauj; trf,N.bof. qgh;olef.wlnf:vl: trmwf;cof}} ehbl,bof.

qof;trmwf;cofauj; bgef.ydlof; trf,bmrf;xlyf:ymifwdkuf: eif,uof,sv; qif,vof;vmwf;oj;-

]]tofqof;pof: wSyf:wwf:wD;cj;bof.}} pAwf:eefaO Odrf:ymifukrfugj,/ xkdifumifcrf;rj: qof;apjcrf: qif,bgef:ymh:olef. wD;emif:ar:ref:qof; emif:ar:ref:qif,oj;-

]]qof;yD;bj,q[vAuf. bj,rh;q[crfq[Oif cj;emif: awcyf:cdkifulnf:}} oj;ehaO yefpSif:q[qof;apjcrf:bl,/ umife[ rldif:vSif:rj: vduf;zdkefedkif; Olif,xdkifckefrldif:wluf:-

]]awyefrdlif:vDvD trf,c[;yAefymifwkduf:}}ehbof./ apjcrf:rdlif:wluf: vlvduf;eh.bof.auj;ckdef:ylifuGmrf:rj:oj;-

]]bgef.ydlof; yefrdlif:vDvDsv; emif:bdif:tefrD:bl, wD;rdlif:crf:eef. pof:qof;awyeftguf,rdlif:ugj, vDvDimrf:imrf:? ulnf:uj; zl;qmh:sw.trf,yj:}} oj;ehbof./

bgef.eef emif:apjcrf: ygh,ulef:auj.ugj,xlyf: apjcrf:rdlif:wluf:aO

]]qof;pof: ygh,yefOmhq[cj;emif:sv; emif:bdif:rdlif:crf: wif:OAif; yAeftefcgyf;q[bl, rldof;zkuf;umife[ cj;emif: awtgefemif:bdif:wif:OAif; tguf,rdlif:crf:ugj,? ulnf:uj; cj;emif: c[;bgef:tofugj, tefrD:uj;cef wgef;wj, cj;emif:cofeef.cj;atj; qgif,awzgrf.cj;? apjcrf:rldif:wluf:auj; olef.e[:q[

]]tef rD:uj;cef wj,emif:bdif:eh. vdlofaOidkef:crf:sv; tefpmif;cdlif;pmif;zmif awtrf,rD:Oif}} ehaO

]]tdlof;Jpof:qof;zgrf.qgrf:bl,}} bgef.eef emif:apjcrf:auj; eSwf;rdlof:cdkef: rdlif:crf:aO ylifuGmrf:Oif, wD;ulef:rdlif:bof. bgef.ydlof;uGmrf:Oifqof;emif:sv; ulef:rldif:crf:cof ayj:Olef;Odef:Omefugj,OAif;/

]]ae;Ol tmyf,erf.oh:oh:sv; bof.auj;ODch: P;ref:uAif;uAif;sv;ej.}}

]]tlnf:J vgh:vgh:sv; sr;Olauj; urf.qif,tmyf,auj; vh;bl,vl:}}

]]tdlof;J ukrf,urf.urf.sv; pof:awygh,Olbl,oh. wD;eh; P;zl;cAefrj:wD.Olugj, pAwf:cj;q[.coftldof;ej.}}

]]tlnf:J bj,pAwf:eefsv;ej pof:bgef:xmrfOl tdwf:edkif;vl: pAwf:Oifrldof;eh.Olq[.pof:tmyf,erf.ODch: ay.ySuf,ydlif; trf,rdlefrdlof;ul;oef:}}

]]qof;emif:sv; eif:bdif:wif:rdlif: awtof zl;qmh:wif:rdlif: tguf,ugj,wD;e[:rdkof:zl;cAeftdlof;}}

]]atj;J atj;J Olauj; awtofpof:tguf,ugj,ehpj. wD;sw.ref: Olauj; aO:vmhpof:bl,vl:eh.}}

]]ae;Ol bj,ukrf,uGmrf:erfbl, ayj:trf,c[;udkwf:oh.auj; tmyf,erf.oh:oh:sv;}} oj;qdlif.ehauj;rD:? rmifqdlof:sw. cgifyAefrmof,vlif rmof,su,sv; trf,qmif;pAwf:pdkofaO ygif.oj;eif,eh-

]]sr;tdlnf. sr;tdlnf rdlof;sr;oj; tofar:

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rmifqdlof:Orf.J

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urf;zgif;auj;J

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apjcrf:rdlif:wluf: olef.e[:q[oj;-

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arjOgef bdif:OSiftgef,

awj.Omif,crf: uRuf.sr:/K

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aO Oldof:Oj,J yAefqldof:eh.bof./

(1) twfxdOkctefq[.wkdof: pSif:wlof pSif:nmef,aO cwf:

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(2) aZjUOkcauj.tefrD:clof:cgiftkwf.qj,eef. tdifykdif;

vlnf; clof:cgiftkwf.qj,ref:aO ref:xmif,pmif;q[.qmh,q[.wdkof:vh; yAif:q[yAif:acj:ref:bof./tefvh;q[.qmh, bdyf:wkdof: ySif;eif,qof;uof,c[;bdyf:wkdof:aO Oldof:Oj,bl,eef. Mif.oj;azj:uOkc/ ulef:rmifauj.eh. yduf.Orf.oj; rD:clof:cgiftkwf.qj,bl,aOw trf,qmif;q[.wkdof:auj;rD:wif:erf/ rldefeif, Oax:ulef:rD: rmifqldof:eef. idkef:crf:sw.rD:b[,rD:erfbl, ulnf:uj;Orf.yAef wmif:yAef bAof;omef vdlwf;vdlof sv;trf,qmif;qmrf,ylnf; q[.wkdof:Oifauj;rD:/ ulef:rmifauj.sw. bgef.yldof; trf,rD:Oifsv; trf,qmif;tofOifrj:q[.qmh,/ ayj:uGj,wSuf;wlnf:ulef:qldof: tefrD:aO Orf.tef,qmif;vh;tofq[.qmh,eef.qkdif auj.tefrD:aO Orf.vh;q[.

vgif;Odlof:Oj,

123qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

qmh,eh. tofudeftofvl,eef. ref:rD:vgif;wmif: Odlof:Oj,q[bof./

(3) tjeEBOkcvgif;tef trf,xkuf,eD;xkuf,cgwf,ydlef;

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(4) teoQfQOkculef:auj.tef trf,pAwf:umefzdwf: trf,

pAwf:umefrlduf;eef. bgef.yldof; ref:bkrf,wlofref:oj; uofeh. trf,rD:wmif:zdwf:OifehaOvh;yAef q[Oldof:Oj,bl,/ vgif;Odlof:Oj,eif,ehMif.oj; teoQfQOkcbof./

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Odlof:Oj,oh.bl,bof./ vgif;Odlof:Oj, teftrf,rD:wmif:zdwf:eef. Mif.oj; teoQfQOkc/

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teoQf Q OkcaOjw> uv> eUfCwdaOjVw& - vgif;Odlof:Oj, zmh,ej;Omrftefeef. Odyf:Nuf:ykef;ekdif;ykef;auj; awj;trf,cdkwf:vh; vgif;Oldof:Oj,teoQfQOkcJ ehbof./

ugyf;eh qldof:Oluofpof:pj: zgif:rldof;rj: udlwf,yAefulef: rlef:yAefpmif;eh. tdifydkif; vgif;Odlof:Oj, zmh,ej;Omrftefeef.aO ugef:xdif:wlofq[uGj, bj,ayP;vh;rD:wmif:zdwf:? ayj:trf,rD:wmif:zdwf:auj; qmwf;eh.tduf,qmwf;ej; awj,ayj:Mwf;xdkifwj;rmuf;wj;zlof,eef. tgefuefcwf:q[uGj,aOurf:/

qof;Okcrf: (wmif.bmef:)

wgef;ekdif;J

rdlof;ymefTzj:yAefqof;pof: wkduf.bl,Oof: wD;rldif:Oj,owf.xd wD;uRif:aq,woef,eef. wuj,wif:vmh ayj:xdkifoef:Odefrj:qdkif tgefuef ugj,Oguf.aw, urfOdefpif:z[ref:bl,/ ayj:Mwf;wD;uRif:bof.ehauj; clof:vl,clof:wmef: tefqof;uof, yj:rj:eef. tgefuefvl,wmef:aOtgefuefpyf.tofOdef/ ayj:xkdif cmof:udefcof;oef:rj:auj; tgefuefudefaO ayj:xdkifomh:oef:rj:sw.auj; qgrf:eif,cofrdkwf;udkof: qof;Ipmef:yj:v[auj; tgefuefugj,ql: qof;Ipmef:cofaOtgefuefwkif:xgrf,tof xrf:Twj:bl,/

ayj:xkdifNofcrf; vyf:Odif,qgrf.Mrf. rj:bof.eh Orf.tgefuef pAwf:ymifTwj:aO xgrf,Twj:bof./ qof;xrf,ruxdu wj,awvh;rj:apj:yefcdif:Odef emh:Odefcofeef.sw.auj; qof;Ipmef:cof oh.sv.uefaO apj:ehbl,bof./ ayj:xkdifcdif,xgrf,Twj:ehqdkif cdif:Odefemh:Odefcofauj; tgefuef ugj,xgrf,Twj: pif:z[ref:bl,bof./

rD:oef:edkif; zgif:wkduf.tgefuefxgrf,Twj:bl,eef. umifoef:Orf. vyf:Odif,ugj,ySwf;ehbof./ zgif:eef. emif:bdif:tgef,auj.edkif;Orf.oh.OwdrSef; vgif;umifoef:vyf:Odif,ugj,

ySwf;eef.aO ref:olef.oj; ]]atj;J cmof:eh.Orf.ayj: vlof,wh;zh:wAef:bof.vlifeh.}} ehaO tofwAef:ugj,wh; vl,oh. wD;zmh,ej; yvmif,apj:Twj: eef.bof./

emif:bdif:tgef,auj.eef. wlnf:cdkef: zh:wAef:tgef, tefref:vl,oh.eef.aO e[:q[ref:eef. yAeftefqlrf:Odlof: sw."oj;"bof./zldof,oj; ymifTwj: bof.wlof;bof.ehqdkif tgefuefyguf;cdkef:Ndef:aOwj. ref:emif:sw. trf,vdkrf:vh; ul.Olof,wmif:vDref: aOtdwf: olef.rSef;urf:v[auj; qlrf:Odlof:urf:eef.bl,wduf:"bof./wmif:vDukOlof,eh. erfsv;at, vlof,vh;arjqlrf:qgrf:sw."eh vDygif,q[ pif:z[ref:bl,/

xdkifrj:oef:edkif; emif:bdif:tgef,eef.yAefwmif:yAef tefedkkif;aO vh;vl.pmhwmhugj,/zgif:rl dof;ref: awwmheef. ref:emif: ckuf:q[vh;ukOlof, zh:wAef:ref:ulnf:bof./ ugyf;olef.cgyf;ukOlof, wmif:vDaO wmhugj,sv; omh:aOwmhbof.eef. vh;ugj,yAef emif:zD wj,owdif,Oj,ykef.bl,bof./ bgef.zgef:vD vh;vl,zh:wAef:aOvh;ugj,yAef emif:zDsv; qdkof;emif:zDeef.auj;vh;qdkof;oj; ]]emif:zDaqj:wdIO}} ehbl,bof./bgef.vh;vl,zh:wAef:sv; Omhiof:wlofcdif:ref:

125qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

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wgef;OgifJrmifyguf;rmifv[ ukOlof,wmif:vDeh.auj; trf,

xmif,trf,xdlrf trf,rkif;rgif:aO qif,vh; pAwf:y Aefrj: imh;im h;vlr fvlrf qmif;vh;rj:im h;im h;vlrfvlrfbl,bof./ rdlefeif, wmif:vDukOlof, emif:zDaqjwdIOeh.q d ki f awvh;o j; tr f,

xmif,trf,xdlrf trf,rkif;rgif:oh.aO udkif.umif. vh;pAwf:yAefugj,sv; vh;rj:zgef:vDref:ulnf:bof./Nrf;oj;ref:ugj,uRif:ehauj; wif;q[oj; awugj,vl,zh:wAef:trf,q[;? bl,wD;Omhimhref: yefrj:oj;cmof:eh.vyf:Odif,bof. vlof,vh;wh;ehsv; vh;vl,wmef:ugj,ulnf:/ bof.auj; P;yAefumefukOlof,b[,b[,uGmif;uGmif;vlifauj; trf,q[;eif,uof,/ ulnf:uj; ref:arjoh. uj;cefref: b[,b[,uGmif;uGmif;sv;zgef:vDref:auj; b[,uGmif;rj:qgrf:eef.bof./

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xSif;vgif;ekdif; pof:pAwf:umefwmif:vDukOlof,tefoj;eh. trf,vlof,P;z[N.qgrf:pof:/ uAof,uyf:vlnf; ukOlof,pof:sv;ydlef;eef.sw.auj; Ogef,wj,oj; pof:qSu f,szyef zgef:vDu kOlof,xdkifcofulnf:auj;vh;bof./ Oazj:ukOlof,wmif:vDtefoj;eh. ayj:cdkef: olef.cgyf;xdkifref:aO Nrfqlrf:xSif;bl,wduf:wduf:auj; zgef:vDref:auj;awwdlof:vdlofrj: wduf:wduf:bl,bof./ ayj:tofuGmrf:

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 126yj,vd oj;auj; Mif.oj; qj,uj,ekwf.Owd ehbof./ugyf;eefsv; ukOlof, tefpof: pAwf:Omif; vl,wmef:oh.eef. vlof,olef.cgyf;cdkef: ul;rdlof;ul;oef:aO vlof,Nrfqlrf:qgrf: wj,aOeef.bof./pof:ckuf: q[vh; ch;q[xkdifcdkef: rdlof;v[auj; ukOlof,pof: awwdlof:rj:xSif; rdlof;v[rdlof;eef.bof./

edkif;oef:edkif;oef: ukOlof,wmif:vDeh. awMwf;rj:ql:pof:vmhvmhvmh:bl,/ zgif:rdlof;qdlof.eif, ukOlof,wmif:vD tefMwf;rj:ql:pof:pif:ulnf:eef. pof:vlof,arjwdngyf:oh. P;udkwf:oh.e[:zopof:eef.ulnf:/

rdlefehulnf:eif,uof, tukOlof, umefrdluf;vdlif:vlifeh.auj; awrj:ql:pof:bl, ul;rkdof.ul;oef: ul;vmh:vmh:eef.bof./ ulnf:uj; yAeftukOlof,sw.auj; pof:vlof,arjzmif.oh. eif,pdkofayj:awtrf,wdngyf:urfoh. e[:zopof:eef.ulnf:bof./ rmifyguf;rmifv[ qgrf:eif, zdif;xkif:ykxkqef,pof:rD:oh.eef. awuh.ngyf:oh.rSef;nj:bl,eif,uof,/Oifqdlof.oj; pof:ngyf:oh.rSef;nj:bof.sv; ayj:pof:N.cdkef:bof.ayj:ehqdkif vlof,vh;ygh,zj;ySwf;cdkkef: urf:vAofeef.bof./

ayj:eef e[:rdlif:ulef:eh. tefOluofpof:pj: wdngyf:bl,pif:ulnf:eh. awvh;oj; rD:Ogifvgif; Ogiftefehbl,/ yAefvgif;wdngyf:tofukOlof, sv; tukOlof,ehbl,/ e[:Ogiftefeh.ukOlof,eh. Orf.vh;uj;pdkofauj; awvh;wdngyf: P;ref;udkrf: e[:qlof;ymefzopof:aO tukOlof,Orf. so;vh;uj;pdkofauj; awvh;so;uj;emef.eef.bof./

ydlifvlifref:sw.auj; bj,ayP;ngyf:nj:rSef; tukOlof,eef.ulnf:/ Oifqdlof.oj; vlifvdkrf:

ugj, qlof;uSyf.aO Orf.wdngyf:rSef;nj: tukOlof,ugj, tdwf:tD;ehauj; awvh;tofOwd uSrfwlofuSrfq[aO awvh;pAwf: P;vdkrf:ySwf;vh;cdkef: urf:vAofeef.bof./ ayj:pof:Orf. ngyf:oh.e[:qlof;ymefpof: cdif,bmof:cmof:pdkifayj:ehqdkif e[:qlof;ymef Orf,OIj,eef. aOyguf;aOyguf; awvh;Omh;wSef:cdkeff: zgef:qj.ref:bl,/

ukOlof,sv; tukOlof,sw.auj; awMwf;rj:ql:pof:bl, ul;oef:eef.bof./ ayj:cofrj:ehauj; rj:vmhvmhulnf:trf,uj: ayj:ukOlof,rj:ehauj;ref:awrj:oj; wdngyf:oh. e[:qlof;ymefOlsv;ehbl,/ ayj:tukOlof,rj:ehauj; ref:auj; awoj;eefeif,uof,/ OAiftefcofvmwf;rj:eef.auj; ayj:tofNOwd? Nnmef,Twj:aOxgrf, qif,ugh;idef:vh;eef.bof./ ayj:c[;uBj.e[:rdlif:zDayj:c[;vDe[:rdlif:ulef:sw. ayj:ukOlof,rj:ql:pof:rdlof;v[auj; wdngyf:oh. P;vh;aO ayj:tukOlof,rj:Orf.ao;ySwf;P;vh;aOurf:/

ayj:wlnf:e[:avj:uqdkif awvh;pefulef:tefrDOwdb[,Orf. oef:v[auj; wdngyf:ukOlof,P;vh;aO ykef;wj, ulef:trf,rD:Owd ulef:arjbl,rofudefrmif vdkrf:Nofvdkrf:pmifcofOrf. oef:v[rj:auj; ukrf,wdngyf: tukOlof,bl,ulnf:eef.bof./ ykef;wj, ulef:tefwdngyf: tukOlof,oh.eef.sw. qmwf;ej;cj,vdkef:rj: Orf.awvh;Mwf;ugj, rdlif:tsy,OD,clif:aO awvh;cmrf,wkuf.qmwf;bmof:cmof:pdkif aw.aw.eef.bof./ wj,awvh;Mwf;cdkef: rldif:ulef:rdlif:zDauj; rkif;rgif:bmyf,sw.sw.eef.bof./ Oavj,trf,awj,aO Oifoj; Mwf;cdkef: rdlif:zDrdlif:ulef:ehauj;eD;umrf,tukOlof,eef.sw. N.wuj;oj; awvh;

127qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

Omh;cdkef:bl,trf,pmif.eef.bof./

ulef:tefrD: vgif;wmif:Olif(oj,Oej,) wdngyf:umefvD ukOlof,eef. ayj:oj; Okef,vh;Okef,yAef umefvDukOlof, yefOmhimh vgif;Omif,xkuf,rj:auj; wdngyf:P;vh;aO Oifoj; trf,Omif,awj,ehauj; pAwf:pj P;ayj:wdngyf:vh;eef.bof./ ayj:oj;OmhimhOmif,xkuf,sv; wdkof.wmif:ref: yefrj:ehauj; wdkef:trf,yefvgwf;wdngyf: P;vh;urf:vAofeef.bof./

e[:rdlif:ulef:eh. ulef:Olifwdngyf:pAwf:umefvDukOlof,auj; rD:wmif:erf ulef:Olifwdngyf: tukOlof,auj; rD:wmif:erfbl,/ e[:tefrD:wmif:erfeef. ykef;wj, ulef:Olifwdngyf: tukOlof,cofehauj; rgif:oj;xlyf:rSef;wdkof.wmif: ej;umeftukOlof,ulnf:vj; ayj:cof trf,vh;wdngyf: coftrf,bl,vh; coftrf,arjbl,eef.bof./ rdlefeif,uGmrf:wh:pof:oj; ]]uj;trf,vh; trf,ql:}}tefoj;eef.bof./ wdkef:pAwf:P;vh; cwf:q[P;yAef urf:vAofeef.bof./ rdlof;vAofsw. trf,yh,yAefOif? ulnf:uj; ayj:xkdif cdif,cmof:awvh; cmrf,cdkef:sw.auj; awj;trf,wj.ulof trf,wj.cmif:eef.ulnf:/ ayj:pwf:pAwf:auj; awj;vlof,pwf:cmrf,ulnf:/ ayj:pwf:sw.auj; c[;pAwf:Oifauj;pAwf:sv; vgif;xkuf,sv; vgif;trf,xkuf,sw.auj; tefv[yAeftefv[eh N.uefbl,pif:z[ref:/

wD;sw.ref:sw. ayj:xkdifcdif,vh;cmrf,zgef:vD zgef:qj.ukOlof, tukOlof, rj:ayj:ehqdkif z[auj; trf,qdrfz[vh; z[auj; trf,pdrfvh;vh;cmrf,vh;qmrf,ugj, qgrf:umrf, tefpof:pAwf:oh.vmhvmhulnf:eif,uof,eef.bof./ ayj:xkdifcdif,

cmof:vh;cmrf,rj:qdkif ayj;sr;vkuf;vmif: yD;egif.uefauj; trf,qmif;qgh;uef pefbl,auj; vdlofaOwlnf:bl, trf,qmif;pAwf:pdkofeef.bof./ ugyf;eef tefawtof pof:vDauj; rD:wD;ymh:olef.pof:sv; wmif:N.pof:? tefawtofpof:qj.auj;rD:wD;ymh:olef.pof:sv; wmif:N.wif:pAwf:pof:vmhvmhulnf:bof./ qof;uof,qdkif yAefckeftkyf.ydlif,zo qmwf;ymefqof;uof,ulnf:bof./

wgef;OmrfJOluofpof:pj: Oifoj; rD:erf.q[ c[;uBj.rdlif:zD

c[;vDe[:rdlif:ulef:bl, ayj:ehqdkif wlnf:tofemif:aqj:wdIO tefvh;vl,zh: wAef:tgef,ulnf:vj; bgef.oj; arjpuf.rdkwf; umefvDukOlof,sv; qlrf:qgrf: wmif:vDukOlof, qof;uof,sv;Orf.ayj:vh;rdlof:qmrf,ylnf; zgef:vDref: awj,ayj:xdkif rdlif:zDulnf:trf,uj: xdkifayj:vh; wluf:yAefaOj:wj,ymef,ugj, tefoj;eef.aOsv;umefvDwmif:vDukOlof,eh. ayj:pof:arjpAwf:ayj:pof:arjwdngyf:ref:qkdif tdwf:tD;ulnf:auj;zgef:vDref: b[,uGmif;sw.sw. tefoj;eef.P;arjygif,q[aO P;arjbdlif;qgrf: P;arjpAwf:qgrf: ul;z[,pif:ref:aOurf:/ vgif;umefrdluf;wkq÷duf; ul;Orf,OSefydlifeef.auj; P;arjidlif.so;vh; aOurf:vlnf;/

Odlofugef:rdlif: (au:OD:)

zdkeftdif-

- ck'´uedum,? 0drme0w¬K? NrdKUrq&mawmf- zrf;jcif;ESifhvGwfjcif; (&a0EG,f tif;r) 2011? Edk0ifbmv

ymh:bl,vDeh. yAeftefvrf,vgif; wj,ulef:pof:sw.bof./ rdlof;pof:wdkuf.aw,xlyf:nj:pefuefeef.auj; tofacj;uGmrf: acj;vDOAifomefaOuh.wlif.wuf.uefoj; ]]bl,vDbl,cj;aej;? ugj,wmif:v[ yhwmif:v[rj:}} ehaO,"bof./ eh.yAef zdif;rdlif:ulef:ydlifedkif;bof./ e[:vduf;xrf:ydwumwf;auj; Orf.vh;pef ykwf.xqof;wlif.wuf. pyf.wgef;cSuf,bl,eif,eefbof./ ]]uqfqd creDb>uqfqd bjyeDb> - bl,vDbl,p? xmwf;OD,yj:zAif,uefbl,p}} eh qdlof:eh.bof./ e[:xrf,rywwD;edkif;qrf. oj; ]]tjaIjuBrIrj vjZj - vgif;bl,vDudefomefeh. yAefOkef,vmyf; tefvDuBwgef:ydlifedkif;}} ehxSif;bof./ yAefeefbl,sw.bof./ ulef:pof: ayj:trf,bl,vDudefomefrj:qdkifvh;wkuf.cwlofq[qof;uof, bof.ulnf:trf,uj: ej;umefwjimef:sv; cmofbmrf:wj,qof;uof,qdlof:eef.auj; vh;vkpmhOAif;qgrf:yj:bl,bof./ ulef:Ndef:ab: yD;egif. tlnf:auj. rl,ejvkrf:vmif:qof;uof,qdlof:eef.auj; vh;Ndof.wlofq[qgrf:bof./ clof:cgifqvdyf;ikdef:wgif:auj; vh;rlwf:OAif;bgef.ref:bof./ ayj:yAefqdlif.eef ref:rdlefuef wif:tefpof: pmrf:vkwf; Okef,rmefvmyf;vD eef.bof./ vdlofaOeef. ayj:yAefaIj,uj,auj; pSif:xmwf;q[ Orf.wluf: bgef.ref:vl:ugef,bof./

ykwf.x vmwf;vgif;ymh:bl,vD

qof;cl:odqdwfwjZdyjv

vgif;wmif: pAwf:P;yAefaIj,uj, (8)yd lif

e[:OrEOkckrjvOkwf;eef. ykwf.xqof; vmwf;oh. vgif;wmif: tefpAwf:P;yAefaIj:uj,eh. rD:bl, (8) ydlifbof./

1) ydwfwOrk#f$je - yAefbgef.vlnf;erf.vD (Nif:vD)?

2) OArfpOrk#f$je - yAefbgef.vlnf;erf.tmif;tmuf, (cD;wdlof,cD;cmuf,) erfylef.?

3) ojwOrk#f$ke - yAefbgef.vlnf; vlrf:aO,vlrf:wrfe[:wgif.?

4) Oefedyjwdu - yAefbgef.vlnf; erf.vD? erf.tmif;tmuf, sv; vlrf:aO,vlrf:wrfe[:wgif. wif:Omrfydlif?

5) tkwkyIdEjrQj - yAefbgef.vlnf; zdif;zIj,OD,tkwk uwf:rh; vSuf;vmh;?

6) odOryIdpjIQj - yAefbgef.vlnf;vgif;tdIdbj,ykwf; trf,zAif,uef (eif;ej,ylef.wD;?egef:ej,ylef.wD;? yhej,ylef.wD;? qkuf:ej,ylef.wD;)?

7) atjyufurdujed - yAefbgef.vlnf;vgif;ydlef;ayj.pSrfemuf;qAyf:OSyf, yAefwmrf,?

8) urfrodyjuQj - yAefbgef.vlnf;vgif;zgef:ymif;umrf, qof;uof,pAwf:rj: ehqdlof:eh.bof./e[:Okwf;eh.eif,uof, Orf.vmwf;seyj: vmh:wj,bl,vDudefomef qof;Ipmef:cofbof./ vguf:

A V

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 129vmh: ref:qrf. wD;ywf;aq:OD,ydlif (Omif,umef:?cof;Ogrf:? wD;bl, sv; bj;bj) qdlof:eef. pyf.q[.Okif:wdkof: tefydlef;wdkuf:Olef: c[;P;ekif;ohc[;P;udefOkif: c[;P;bl,Oof:eef. pmrf.erf? pyf.q[.Okif:wdkof: clof:tefydlef; trf,vh;wdkuf:Olef:trf,c[;P;q[.wdkof:eef. pmrf.at,? oh.uj,burf,rAwf.wj,? oqD,urf,rAwf.wj,? raej:urf,rAwf.wj,edlofzl;bl,Oof:qgrf:uef ehqdlof:eh.bof./ ygif,oj; P;wwf:ySwf;q[avj:zsv; P;az;wdlef:rAwf.wj, eheef.bof./

xSif;wD;edkif; e[:OUjxjoUfU? aujOvO>bkwf; wD;aWjEyjuOkwf;eef.qrf. vmwf;vgif; P;arjudefarjbSrf. arjbl,arjOof: P;bl,vDudefomefbof./ rdlof;zgif:ykwf.xqof; bl,Oof:wD;rdlif:Oj,owf.xdeef. vh;pkoj; ckefauj:Oveh. udefvlifej, oj;eh/ ref:qof; udefcof;edkif;wj,eh. OAif;yAef cof; (4)ay, ehbof./bgef.ydlof;udefsw.udefoj;sv; ayj:udefcof;bof.auj; bl,bmyf,? xlnf;q[bmyf,? bgef.ydlof;pSif:ugif.cof;cdkef;sv; ukrf,vh;iofvyf: iofegef:bl,bof./ ul;yguf;eh. ayj:ref: udefcof;bof.qdkifeif,pdkofugif.cof; awqmh,eef. vh;egef:vdkof;Ndof.yef edkif;qlof;edkif;uSyf.bl,bof./ rdlof;yguf;edkif;qrf. omh:aO ref:wdkuf.qif,pjudefcof;bof.ulnf:eef. udkif.umif.ckuf:q[vh; ykwf.xqof;aOsv; uGj,ql:ykwf.xqof;bof./ ref:yAeftefbl,bmyf, bl,udef:cmefq[aw."sv; xlnf;q[b[,q[vlifaO erf.Ndof,vhyif:vlif:yif:vlif: eif;bl,oh.wD;edkif;eef. ykwf.xqof; qif,tof oguf:uj,xj,yj,vd Nofedkif;aO Oif,Ogefref: eif,w[;eh.bof./

]]rekQOfO OWj OwDrawj? rwfw>Qjeawj vWfXaZjQae/ wekuOfOZoefw d aoWej ? OEdu > Q D Iw dtjbkyjvb> - arjudefarjbSrf. bl,imh;cSrf.?vgwf;vSif.cmefudef:bkif;/ zmif.udef bl,Oof:?tj,bkbmof:? ekrf,pmif;vof:vDrkif;}} ehbof./

zgif:eef.qrf. rD:vmefqmh:ref: auj.edkif;qdkof;oj; qmh:OkWOfOe eheef. bl,oh. wD;wmif:vif ckefauj:Ovbof./ ckefauj:Ovqif, Oif,vmwf;oj; ]]qmh:OkWOfOetdlnf:Jrj:vl:? ugj,pAef: (uBmuf;tlrftmef,)tof oguf:uj,xj,eh. wrf;wD; ykwf.xqof;aOsv; rj:vgwf;(rj:oj;)seuof rdlof;zgif:uofudefcof;eef.vl:?uofawwgef;idkef:Ol:r[: edkif;oef:v[ edkif;ymuf,(upjyEOw)tdlof;}} ehsv; qmh:OkWOfOeauj; zgrf.tdlof;qgrf: uGmrf:ckefauj:Ov Oif,vmwf;eef.aO pAwf:qgrf:bl,bof./ pAwf:eefaO rdlof;zgif: ckefauj:Ov udefcof;eef.qmh:OkWOfOe qif,rj:qkuf:y[. wD;pdrf:ref:aObof. rdlof;zgif:ref:udeftdrf,bof. qrfawayj:? wdkuf.udkwf:oh.urf:cof; urf:vdkef:Okwf:eef.vgwf;oj; oguf:uj,xj,eef. se ckefauj:OvP;ckuf:q[vh; uGmrf:Oif,Ogef ykwf.xqof;bof./ckefauj:Ovauj; zj;omif:ySwf;urf:cof; urf:vdkef:Okwf:eef.aOsv; ayj:bof./ urf:eef.qmh:OkWOfOe qif,rj:eyf.tmef,wlnf: rAwf.cof; wD;urf:cof; tefckefauj:Ov zj;omif:ySwf;eef.aO q[.bgrf:pkif ySif;eif,rAwf:cof;tef eyf.tmef,oh.eef.bof./ pAwf:eefaOq[.bgrf: urf:cof; ul;oef:"sv; omh:rj: ckefauj:Ov qif,bgrf:udefcof;ugj,vh; awj,xdkif

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 130edkif;qav, (ejVdaujWe) ehbof./ ref:yAeftefbl,Oj,vlrfq[aw."aO tofrdkof:vkyf;"urf:"wlnf:wlofref:aOsv; vmwf;uGmrf:cgyf;q[xdkifykwf.xqof; oj; ]]atj:J ykwf.xqof;eh. arjvkrf:vj:wlnf:xdkif zgef:vD wj,uofcj; qmwf;eh. tduf,qmwf;ej; wif:Ogifykef;ymif;aw.bof.}} ehbof./ wD;eh;eh. ref:se vgif;wmif:udefvlifej,zSofauj; qmif;yAefaz:tl;ymwf;awj,wlofpof: ehbof./ eif,pdkof awbl,vDudefomefeef. awvh; arjudefarjbSrf.zgif;bof./ayj:trf,zmif.OwdaO vj;vD;udefugefvlifugj,uj;eif, q[c[;udefehqdkif wmif:udefeef. ref:xkuf,rSef;pof:p? trf,xkuf,rSef;peh pof:trf,wef:ckuf:q[vh;/ ayj:yAefeef ymh:bl,vDpof:auj;qmif;blyf;bgrf:bl,bof./

xSif;wD;edkif; uAof,vlnf;vgif;umefudef umefbSrf.eh.eif,uof, e[:rQf@dredujb? rQf@ryEfEjOyj,vd? uD#jUdI dOkwf;eef.qrf.ykwf.xqof; vmwf;oj; ]]ayj:so; vgif;udefcof;umifcrf; (tnfnTw IwfwdaZjQej) qdkifvh;pkoj; aIj:uj, at,rmif (tyfyjYjX)? wmif:yAefat,rmif (tyfyjwifu)? rofwlofrofq[ (vpk#f-$je)? pSif:wlofwArfvD (Yv)? bl,imh;Oof:vlrfvD(zjOkodpjI)}} ehbof./

xSif;wD;edkif; e[:tifUkwfwIedumh:? qifurOkwf;eef.qrf. eif,pdkof ulef:pof: ayj:awbl,vDudefomefeef. ykwf.xqof; vmwf;sezgef:vD vgif;uh.yhwmif:pj;ydlifbof./ ayj:uh.yhwmif:eh. rD:zgef:vD wj,pof: pj;ydlif rdlefeif,qdlof:w[; eh.bl,bof./

1) tWfXj eufcarj - ugj,wj;yhwmif:uhvh;?

2) yXjeufcarj - cmrf,Ndof.rgh;vh;?3) tyfyjYjaXj - aIj:uj,wmif:yAef at,rmif?4) tOdw> yDw> cjbdw> Ojbdw> Orfrj

yIdEjr> uqf!wd - wmif:udef tefudefvlif:ugj, e[:wgif.eef. vSofimh;?

5) qifurjXdUawj OrjXd qI#f$dwdaujapjwd - vgif;q[edrf tefyAefrj: bgef.vlnf;pof:yhwmif:eef. xiftgif:Oof:vh;pdkifemef:ehqdlof:eh.bof./

vdlofaOeef. e[:odeh:ydwumwf; bif:vmwf;oh.yj: wgef;bj;bjsv;vmh:blwf:bjaIj:uj,wmif:yAefwif:erfbof./ e[:tif,uj, wj,uBmif.urfTwj:vh;pj;ydlif (yXjedbifU) eef.auj;rmh (2) eef. Orf.vmwf;yj:xSif; vgif;ymh:bl,vDP;wArfxlef; ehvl:ugef,bof./ ymh:bl,vDeh. ref:vrf,vgif;wj,ulef:pof:sw.bof./ ayj:ymh:bl,vDtrf,wArfxlef;qdkif trf,qmif;Odkyf,pAwf:umef P;ref:bof.wlof; rdlefumifq[pof: c[;yAefeef.vh;/ulef:pof: udkif,vDtofq[O[, edlofymh:bl,vDqof;uof,aO P;ay.wlofpif:z[ref:bl,bof./ qdlif.eif,oj; ]]OkcD twfwje> yIdpIefwk}} eheef.ayj:cwf:q[ uGef:ay.wlofqof;uof,vh;qdkif yAefvgif; xmif,pmif;vh;bl,Oof:uwf:bAef Odlof:Oj,z[ref: bl,bof./

O

wD;e[:avj:uvlifeh. vDtmrf:bof. Orf,vDtmrf:xSif;eh. rD:oh. bmrf:awj;vAofulnf:trf,uj:umyf;ymef rdlof;Tzj:yAefqof;auj; rD:rj:oh.bl,/qmwf;ymefawj;vAof;eh. pAwf:Oifvh; rj:Nyf.qj. vgif;puf.vgif;qif:` pAwf:Oifvh;rj: uAof,uyf:rSef;uef` Orf.vh;rj: urf.uSrfqgh;xSrfuefNrf;pAwf:yAefumef ukif,rkefvlnf;qgrf:uef`ehtrf,q[;sv;bdlif:tmef:yAefulnf: ref:yAefvlnf; umefqmwf;ugef,oef:vif pAwf:oh.aOyAefrj: tefoj;eef.auj; yj:bof./

ayj:wlnf:e[: yj,vdqof; tkyIdyEfE?eefWaujojWOkwf;eef. awvh;pefbl,/rdlof;ymefTzj:yAefqof;eef. wj,awvh; apj:yefTwj:yef sr;eauj:wrD, tduf,qkrf:zduf.ckkeD, pj;ymuf,qdlof:eef. qof;Ipmef:cof vh;wluf:sv.uefaO yef,ykwf;uef apj:yefcofbof./

xdkifrj:urf:sv. qof;eef,wu vh;apj:ehref:qof; Orf.trf,rj:apj:? vh;yhg, qof;Ipmef:aOyj:yj: wmifwlofref:qof; uGj,apj:ulnf:/ oef:qof;eef,wu vlof,apj:eef. Tzj:yAefqof;qif,wgif;xmrfoj; ]]nj:sv. qof;yj:v[apj: rdlof;eh.}}eh bmrf:eef qof;eef,wu wgyf,oj;-

]]yAefsv. cj;wsy: qof;eef,wuatj;?ulnf:ej, cj;wsy:trf,apj:aO vh;ygh,Ipmef:wmifwlof ugj,apj:yefatj;}} qof;vmwf;cdkef:qdlif.eh/ bmrf:eef Tzj:yAefqof;pof: cdkef:oj;

]]awtrf,vh;ygh, qof;Ipmef: yj:v[wmifwlofqof;apj:? wlofqof; awvh;uGj,apj:eef.bof.}}

vgif;tef qof;eef,wu trf,c[;uGj,apj:eef. ref:qof;rD:oh. vgif;wmif:pif:ref:/ vgif;tefTzj:yAefqof; Orf.P; wlofqof;eef,wuapj:yefeef.auj; rD:oh.vgif;ref:bl,/ vgif;tef qof;eef,wu trf,c[;apj:yefeef.qmwf;ugef, rldof;wdkuf.yAef qmwf;qof;apjcrf:bl,eef. qof;eefwu toftzdnfnmef,aO N.pefxkdifoj; zduf.ckeD,qldof:eh. bmrf;yAefqldif.emif:ref:rj: wif:pj;ymuf,auj; yldifekdif;?Orf.ulof Ipmef:ykxkqef,cof pefzdwf:oj;qof;eef,wueh. wkduf.rkdwf;ukdof:qrfq[ qldif.emif:bl,ehsv; ref:qof; qif,trf,c[;uGj,apj:Twj:yefcofbof./ Tzj:yAefqof;sw. Orf.N.pefoh.oj; zduf.ckeD,pj;ymuf,qldof:eh. ayj:vh;xgrf,Twj: qof;eefwueh cofemif:awxlyf:nj:Twj:ehsv; qif,q[.P; qof;eef,wu uGj,apj:Twj: yefcofbof./

qof;eef,wuauj; trf,vdlofvh;acj;uGmrf:Tzj:aO qif,awuGj,apj:Twj:yef qldof:zduf.cl,eD,cofbl,/ zldof,oj; vh;idef:cmof, qof;eef,wuawrj:apj:Twj:eh zduf.cl,eD,cof qlrf:Odlof: pAwf:yefavj:uolwf; ywf:ylvlsr: bdef:ayBj,Odlof:ayj:trf,qmif;vmwf;bof./

erf.bmwf,Nrf;oh.qmwf;eh.cdkef:cgyf;E O

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 132bgef.Oifsv; zduf.cl,eD,qdlof:eh. Orf.

tgefuef rkif;rgif: c[;xgrf,Twj: wrf;wD; qof;eef,wu ayj:ehqkdif bgef.qmwf;ugef,oef:vif vh;rD:rj:Omh,egif, Orf,abj:qdef, udkuf:qyf:wdwf:Mh;uefrj:eef.bof./ acj;ydkwf,ymifTwj:qof;eef,wuoj;-

]]egif.bdif:cof ayj:apj:yefTwj:eh c[;P;rD:acj;xmrf acj;wgyf,tldof;ej./ Oifoj; N.ehauj;N.? Oifoj; trf,N.ehauj; trf,N. oj;ehw? Oifyh,ygif,q[auj;oj; yh,ygif,q[cj; vmwf;yef P;wSuf,vSif:aOurf: bj,oh.q[Okrf,ukrf;ikrf:wef aOurf:}}

qof;eef,wuauj; ydkwf,seNof acj;Twj:oj; qdlif.ehbof.aO Odkyf,apj:Twj:ugj,bof.J

]]egif.bdif:cof ayj:tofOmhwjaO zwf.pefeh ref;udkrf:pj trf,ref;udkrf:pj.`}}

]]trf,ref;udkrf:cj;}}

]]bgef.Omhwjeh. trf,ref;udkrf:sv; cmefq[pj.` Odlof:Oj,pj.`}}

]]cmefq[wD;cj;atj;}}

]]teftofOmhwj zwf.pefaO trf,rD:vgif;ref;ukdrf: arjvl.vSofvSuf;vmh;sv; eh.yAefclof:uof eh.yAefcgifuofeh qgif,oj;vh;`}}

]]trf,oj;vh;cj;}}

]]trf,vDtofq[nmef,qof;uof, wlnf:qgrf:pj.`}}

]]vDtofq[qof;uof,eh. wlnf:wgif:qgrf: wD;cj;atj;}}

pAwf:ehaO ayj:oj; qof;eef,wu apj:Twj:yefcof bof.wlof;uGj,qkdif qkrf:zduf.ckeD,pj;

ymuf,cofauj; urf;zgif;vh;aOj:wj,ymef,? urf;zgif; vh;Ouwj,umrf,? urf;zgif; vh;tej,umrf,?urf;zgif; vh;yAef Ipmef:wj,ugj,bl,bof./ bgef.Oifsv; zduf.cl,eD,pj;ymuf,qldof:eh. vh;xgrf,Twj:wrf;wD; qof;eef,wuaO Orf.vh;Twj:uGj, imh;imh;eh qmwf;ugef,oef:vifeef. bgef.ydlof; cofbmrf;qrfq[uefrj:eef.bof./ awvh;oj; rD:oh.Omherf.bmwf, ymeftgefuefrj:eef.bof./

tD;Oifauj; ayj:trf,vh;Nrf;oh. erf.bmwf,qmwf;ugef,eh. pAwf:vgif;Oifauj; awyAefbmyf,bl,/ bgef.eh qmwf;ugef, pof:vh;yAefayj;yAefsr; TOj,Orf:rj: Olnf,yD;rAof:egif.uefrj:?vh;rD: Omherf.bmwf, Nrf;puf.Nrf;ySif:uefrj:sv; apj:seuefTwj:auj; xdkifwD;ayj:vh;xlyf:Twj:/ Nrf;uef pAwf:vgif;Oifauj; xdkifwD;ayj:bof.wlof;aO vh;wmif,xD:bmwf,erf.? Orf.ayj:trf,rD: wD;Oof;wD;oof:eef.bof./

ayj:wlnf:tof ydkef:qof;eef,wu sv;zduf.cl,eD,pj;ymuf,eh.qkdif ulef:pof:wif:OAif;tefpof:vh;rj: rkdwf;udkof:qrfq[uef Nrf;wkdof.Nrf;wj;uefeh. awvh;oj; qmwf;ugef,oef:vifauj; pof:vh;rD:erf.bmwf, trf,zmwf,uefrj:eh vDvh;ygif,q[aO Nrf;uefpAwf:Omif;pif;ygif ykef;wj, qldof.cdlof: zj,Oj, Oj,Oej,pof:P;vh;yAef umefvDukOlof, awj,ayj:Mwf;xkdif rmuf;zlof,edyf.ymef,bl,/

cAwf.vj:Mrf (au:OD:)

A

rjaIj raIjwd Zefaw okqfqwd uOfOrjOkacj Zefaw avjaujwd okqfqwd- rkefcrf:Tzj:wD;cj;J teftgefuefvmwf;oj; ckefwmhckefwmheef. yAefz[cj;? Orf.rD:wD;v[cj;`

tb> rjaIj ejr ÷yjearw>wd oqe>-teftgefuefvmwf;oj; ckefwmhckefwmh tefoj;eef. ref:trf,q[; wmif,auj.wmif,ulef: ref:yAefqkdof;wlefwlofcef,xj,eh.bof./

Oifwlnf:tof acj;uGmrf:wD;edlofeh. ayj:ehckefwmh tefpAwf:P; ulef:Owf:woj,cof wmhcgh;bl,eh. vkuf.wmif,wD;OD,vSefrj: trf,q[;? reff:wdkef:yAef wlofcef,xj, (vSuf;vmh;yAefvk) pof:eef.bof./ qqdlof: tefyh,bmrf;idef: acj;uGmrf:eh.sv;Oif trf,ayj:N. wD;ygif,Twj:eef.sv;Oif z[trf,z[auj; ulnf:xmif,oj; ckefwmheh. vkuf.wmif,wD;OD,vSefrj:tofbof./

ckefwmheh. ref:trf,yAefwlof rdlefeif,ydlef;qefpmif;oh. rD:cofrD:ij: urfMuf,urfvmyf,aOtofOAef;rmhqImif: zl;qdlof:tefcof awvh;tofugj,eef.aO rj:pjOguf;tof auj.v[auj.eef.oh.qdlif.eef/ ayj:tofyD;egif.wh:pof:cofbkrf,brfoj;sw. ap;oj; Omhq[ulef:pof:eh. qyf:rj:wD;ej;zmuf,oh. awvh;bl, e[:rdlif:ulef: uj;pdkofehauj; ayj:xdkifcmof:eef. ckefwmhrj:wlnf:ej;zmuf,aO rj:tofugj,bof.oj;eh/

vgif;bkrf,brfzj,Oj, Oj,Oej,tefedkif;sv;tefekdif; trf,rdlefsv; vgif;Oyf:vSif:clef.ch; vgif;vlnf;wmif:wmhehauj; N.xdkifuefbl,bof./ vgif;wmif:bkrf,brf ulef:ul;auj.c[;ydlif;uefqdlif.pdkofydlif; vgif;wmif:Oazj:wmheef.sw. wdkef:rdlefuefrlwf:rlwf:bof./

wmif:pefxdkif ykwf.xsw. vmwf;oj;-]]wlofcef,xj,eh. yAef]qkdof;}ckefwmh/ ckefwmheh. yAefwlofcef,xj,? Orf.xSif; cef,xj,tefoj;eh. tofxmwf;OD,yj:aO cgwf,zgwf;oh.bof.xmwf;OD,yj:eef.-

1. yxoD,xmwf;= xmwf;tlef; uSef, euf:rof/ (Oazj: rdlefvdefsv; Mif.xmwf;vdef)

2. tj,ayj:xmwf;= xmwf;tD:xgif: qdkif; edrfcgef:oh wlif.edkif yef,vdof/ (Oazj:rdlefeif,vlrf:sv; Mif.xmwf;vlrf:)

3. aw,aqj:xmwf;= xmwf;rh; uwf: tkef,/(Oazj:rdlefeif,zh:sv; Mif.xmwf;zh:)

4. oj,abj:xmwf;= xmwf;cgwf,zgwf; wSuf,vh qdkrf:bgh./ (Oazj:rdlefeif,erf.sv; Mif.xmwf;erf.)

cofOD,yj:eh. yAefckefwmhOD,auj.bof. Owf:woj, tgefuefwmhcgh;bl,eh. vh;wmhcgh; bgef.ugyf;xmwf;OD,ydlifOD,yj:eh. vgef.vgef.bof./ vldofaOOD,ydlifOD,yj:eh. trf,rD:tD;OifxSif;/ wmhugyf;wif:yAefabj:uj,Oifauj;vD trf,wmhugyf;wif:yAefabj:uj,Oifauj;bof. bgef.xmwf;OD,ydlifeh.aO qif,vh;wmhbof./ cofOD,yj:eh.auj; yj:edkif;sv;yjedkif; trf,rSef;uef/ xmwf;vdeffsv; xmwf;erf. cjOgifyj:rSef;uefaOxmwf;zh:sv;xmwf;vlrf: Orf.rSef;uef/ e[:

ckefwmhrD:wD;v[TOj,awj, (rdlif:ukwf;)E

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 134cofqdlof:eef. z[ay.auj; uj;vh;yj:zmh,ref:bof./ tefpof:bl,vDudefomefbl,eh. bgeff.oj;xmwf;OD,yj: zAif,yAif:uefoh.bof./ ayj:cofaOyj:yj:ydlif;ugj, trf,eefbgrf:ugj, vdlofwldof:ugj,ayj:eh ulef:Owf:wwf:rSif: vh;yAefvgif;bl,trf,vD udeftrf,omefvh; yAefaOqdlif.aObmif,aO vdlofeef. qmif;wmh(xmwf;vl.)bof./

xmwf;OD,yj: trf,eefcef,xj,eh. qkuf:ref;acjacj trf,vh; Orf.vh;ydkif;tdifedlof umrf,q[ tkwk tj,pj,Ibof./ umrf, q[ tkwk tj,pj,IcofOD,yj:eh. vh;urf.xSrfoh. xmwf;OD,yj:bof./ayj:tofuGmrf:e[:vduf;oj;sw. yAeftuRif:Twj:wj,yAefbkuf;Twj:cof ehbof./

1. urfr = umrf,vD umrf,qj.2. q[ = vgif;olef. vgif;ch;q[3. tkwk = vgif;uwf:rh;pdrf:Mrf:4. tj,pj,I = wmif:udefatj,qj, ehbof./ayj:oj;umrf,vDcof urf.xSrfrj:eh wlofcef,

xj, vh;bl,vDOdlof:Oj,vSyf;vof: tj,bkpdkofbmof:aO ayj:oj; umrf,qj.cof urf.xSrfehsw. wlofcef,xj, vh;bl,cD trf,Odlof:trf,rlef; trf,vSyf;vof: tj,bkygwf:bof./

ayj:oj; q[ydkwf,uD;Odlof:q[auj; wlofcef,xj,auj;vh;qdkef;O[aO ayj:q[trf,qdkef;ymif,ehauj; wlofcef,xj,auj; vh;ioftlef;elef:bof./ayj:oj; zdif;zj.uwf: wlofcef,xj,auj; uwf:qgrf:aO ayj:zdif;zj.rh; wlofcef,xj,auj; rh;aO ayj:oj;zdif;zj. vSuf;vmh;auj;(Oazj:)wlofcef,xj,auj; vh;vSuf;vmh;qgrf:bof./

tefykwf.xpof:apj:oj; OYfaYOwfwjtjpjI Xdwduj- Owf:woj,wif:OAif;eh. vh;

ydkif;tdiftj,pj,Ibof.? wgef;wj,awOdkyf,Omhq[ugj, ul;oef:oef:eef. ulef:auj; eif,wif:udefulef:? Owf:auj; eif,wif:udefOwf:? zDauj;eif,wif:udefzD? Omifauj; eif,wmif:udefOmifvh;ydkif;tdif udefbSrf.z[reff:bof./ wgef;wj,cef,xj, ayj:awbdkef:bmof:cmof:pdkifeef. cofOD,yj:eh. trf,rD:trf,yAef/

tefulef:pof:cof vh;udefvh;ekif;vh;oh vh;yhvh;bl,Oof: ul;OSefOrf, tefvlvgrfvkrf:vj:wlofcef,xj,qof;uof,bl,eh. wD;sw.ref: yAefumef wj,tgef;ogef:ckefwmh eif,pdkofckefwmheh.ayj:awtrf,yh,rj:tofpof: ugj,eef.bof./ Orf.oj;vlvgrfvkrfvj:wlnf:xkdif wlofcef,xj,eh. uj;pdkofauj; oef:edkif; wuf:awvh;xlyf: wif:wmhbl,trf,pmif.bof./ bgef.oj; ckefwmheh. ref:trf,vdluf;Omrfydlifbof. Omrfydliftefoj;eef.-

1. uj,v- cmof:bmrf:2. aw,O- tgif;wD;3. ob- OSef:ymefehbof./

1. uj,v- tefyAefcmof:bmrf:eh.auj; ckefwmheh. ref:trf,vdluf;cmof:bmrf: umife[ Nofrdlif:O[ awtrf,vh;rD: ulef:wmhehauj; ckefwmhhtrf,oj;? umife[auj; wmhvh;bof./ umifoef: vSwf,rh;cSifcSif awtrf,vh;rD:ulef:wmhehauj; ckefwmhtrf,oj;? umifoef:zj.wAif;auj; awj;wmhvh;bof./ umifcrf; umifcdkef:vdkuf: zgif:ydleff;wdkuf.egef:bAefawtrf,vh; rD:ulef:wmhehauj; ckefwmheh.trf,trf,oj;? umif;crf;cdkef:vkduf:auj; wmhvh;bl,bof./cmof:rh; cmof:zlef cmof:uwf:qdlof:eh.auj; awj;wmhvh; ul;cdif,ul;bmrf:bl,bof./

2. awO- aw,O tefyAeftgif;wD;eh

135qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

auj; ckefwmhtrf,vdluf;/ tgif;wD;tefoj; trf,wmhvh;eef.trf,rD:/ edlofugif:vhgsv; uj;yAef edlofzSef,vdefywf.ydkef.ehauj; vh;wmhvlnf;/ e[:erf.eef. bj,P;rD:ulef:wmhehauj; trf,oj;vh;/tgif;wD; tj,uj,umifpmof bj,ayP;rD:ulef:wmh ehauj; trf,oj;vh;/ tgif;wD;v[ qguf.v[qAif,v[aOrof,oj; bgef.ckefwmhhtrf,vdluf;sv; wmhvh;ul;wD;ul;tgif;bof./

3. ob- tefyAef OmrfymefqAwf:OSef:qdlof:eh.auj; ckefwmheh. ref:trf,vdluf;/ vkuf;tgef, tefrD:e[:wgif.sr;bl,eef. wgif.zj.eh. Ogrf,pdkofvrf bif:trf,yh,N.ugef, oj;ehaOwj. ckefwmheh.sw. trf,oj;tD:vl tofbl,bof./ymefbl,e[:wuf:sr; wkduf.pjudefelrf:bl,eef.yduf.Orf. trf,yh,arjMif.sr;ehauj; ckefwmheh.trf,vdluf;? wkdef:tofbl,bof./ ymefarjvAef;ymefarjsv, rmof,Omof ymefsw,ej;Ndef: ymefcdkef;umef,cdkef;uRif: OSef:v[ymefv[rof,oj;trf,yefrD: acj;su;ch trf,yh,wef: rAof:v[aOauj; ckefwmheh.sw. tofwduf:wduf:bof./xdkifymefOuf:cgef.wof. NofOj:ij:Ogef, edlof.pAof,eifbmef: cSof;rmif;umif:wkyf, ulef:xof;eifeAofeif,eheef. ckefwmh edkif;cSef:ruf.bof. uGmrf:wh:pof:oj; ]]OD,OgifOmrf pmrfugj,ySwf;}}ehbof./

ckefwmheh. bgef.ref: trf,vdluf;Omrfydlifeh.sv; vh;oj; z[:zmhaw.aw.oj;oj;bof./ zgif:bmrf:iguf:rdkof: trf,yh,wef:bAwf,Odkof; zgif:bmrf:bAwf,Odkof; trf,yh,wef:iguf: e[:su;qlof;uSyf.zSy f .wjeef.auj; qmi f;wm hu g j,vh;bof./zgif:bmrf: zSyf.wjvyf: trf,yh,wef:rdkef:?zgif:bmrf:wjrdkef: trf,yh,wef:zSyf. e[:su;

qlof;uSyf.zSyf.wjtgef, eef.auj; wmhvh;bl,bof./ wmif:wmheh. qrfaOrdlof;zkuf;ugef,/ bgef.eef zgif:rdlof;ckefwmh trf,yh,rj:tof zgif:rdlof;trf,yh,wmheef. trf,vliftrf,vkdrf:aO vDcwf:q[ pjMrfwgrfqk wmif:vDsv; Twj:(odywf.Oej,)tefawawj,Ol;vh; wmif:wmheef.bl,bof./

rdlefeif,wkrfzh:vghzh:cof udif;aOudif;aOrj:eef.bof. vgif;wmif:Oazj:xof;sv;Oifvgif;wmif:Oazj: vdyf:sv;Oif vgif;wmif:Oazj:wmhsv;Oif vgif;wmif: Oazj:Twj:OmrfydlifOmrfyj:qldof:eh.auj; udif;aOudif;aO rj:bl,vgh:vgh:bof.? udif;rj:vgh:vgh:bl, tefrdlefwkrfzh:sv; tefyAefqIj, yBj,xd rIj,eTwj:Omrfyj:qdlof:eef. rj,pSif: wj,aw tD:zdwf. tofySwf;vh;eef. wkdef:trf,rD:wD;zl;v[ zDv[ Owf:woj,v[bof./ wj,awtguf,ymh;P;vgwf;yllef. wD;az: qdlof:eef.ehauj;wif:z[:zmh wj,vgwf;vh; eef. trf,rD:wD;zl;v[ zDv[ Owf:woj,v[bof./

rdlof;yhxof;eh. vDpAwf:oh. wmif:vDeh.erferf?rdlof;yh,qAyf:eh. vDpAwf:oh. wmif:vDeh.erferf?rldof;yh,wmheh. vDpAwf:oh. wmif:vDeh.erferf/

TOj,awj, (rdlif:ukwf;)

zdkeftdif- - Omif:uBLof, wgef;bkuf;? - tefz[:aOydlef;? qof;TOj,Okcrf:(apj:)

XWtefvDpuf.aOydlef; tefoj;eef. ayj;

sr; vkuf;uefauj; trf,q[;? zlofar:uefauj;trf,q[;? clof:cgiftkuf.qj,ywf.aq: rj.vj: olof:uGmh:ehauj; trf,q[;? ykwf.xrkefcrf:Tzj: oj;sw.tefvDpuf.aOydlef; tefoj;eef. yAefwlofqof;uof,bof./

q[;aw.bof. z[aOtrf,oj; ayj:xlyf:nj:az:qrfwmhrj;eh trf,wef:olef.xdkifz[? ulnf:tof wlofqof;uof, ylef.vgwf; tgefwmif:bof./awpAwf:umefOifauj;bof. tgefwmif:Okwf:sw. bgef.yAefwj,qof;uof,sv; qif,pAwf:bof./ ugyf;Oifeh ugyf;oj; qof;uof, puf.wlofuof,eef.bof./ uyf:umh,vlnf; vgif;eh.aO yguf;edkif; zgif:rldof; Tzj:yAefqof;pof: wkduf.bl,Oof:rdlif:Oj,owf.xd owf.aq,woef,eef. wD;e[:apjcrf: ckefapjcrf:auj:Oveef. rD:ykef,ej:zgif:rdlif:cofOD,auj. coftgefueftkyf,uefoj; e[:avj:uvlifeh. tefvDpuf.aOydlef; yAeftD;Oifaej:ehbof./ urf:eef.ykef,ej: auj.edkif;qif,oj;-

]]ewfxd wnfn Or> ydb>- tefvDpuf.aOcof;eh. trf,rD:Oif? cof;eh. ulef:pof:ul;auj.vh;udefaO rD:pSif:pAwf:umef ayj:trf,rD:cof;ehulef:pof:auj; awtrf,rD:pSif:aO pAwf:umefvh;/

edkif;oef:edkif;oef:eh. ulef:pof: ayj:trf,vh;udefcof;eh trf,qmif;rD:pSif:aO pAwf:umefeef.bof./ ugyf;eef ayj:tofuofoj;sw. tefvDpuf.aOydlef;eh yAefcof;tdlof;}}ehbof./

ugyf;Oifykef,ej: zgif:rldif:auj.eh. Orf.oj;tefvDpuf.aOydlef; yAefcof;ayj:ehqdkif bgef.oj; ref:yAefqof;ej:? ayj:ref:yAefqof;ej:ref:Orf. q[b[,cof;ref: ref:vh;tofcof;ej:ref:aO vAif.ej;Ndef:ref:ugj, yDv[yDeef.?ugyf;eef ref:qif,oj; tefvDpuf.aOydlef;eh.yAefcof; ehbof./

ykef,ej: xSif;auj.edkkif;Orf.oj;-]]ewfxd aUjwrdw> ayb>- tefvDpuf.

aOolof:eh. trf,rD:Oif/ olof:eh. pof:vh; q[.ref:wif:erf? q[;vmuf;avj.auj;vh;? q[.xhej:auj;vh;/ ayj:trf,rD:olof: xhej:auj; trf,qmif;rD:cof;vh; vdlofaOeh. olof:eh.cD;ref:auj; pof:vh;tofq[.pAwf:zkef,aO pAwf:ph; pAwf:Olefpof:? erf.elrf:ref:auj; pof:vh;udefaO yAeftAefpSif:pof:? ayj:ref:wmhrj:bof. eldof.ref:auj; pof:vh;udef? eifref:auj; pof:bif:vh;tofpAwf:ugifaO ph,rlef;ugef,? bgef.eefayj:tof uofoj;sw. tefvDpuf.aOydlef;eh.yAefolof:tdlof;}} ehbof./

tefvDpuf.aOydlef;

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 137ykef,ej:xSif;auj.ekdif;Orf.oj;-]]ewfwd ykwfwOr> ydb> - tefvDpuf.

aO vkuf;vmif:eh.trf,rD:Oif? vkuf;vmif:pof:eh. trf,oj;ref:pmh.pdkof vDauj;bof. pof:wdkef:vDpuf.wj,aO,? bmrf:rl dof; pof:ugj,wj;yhwmif:ugj,pAwf:umefNdof.rj:wmef,v[auj; ayj:pof: vh;rj:pef ej;vkuf;vmif:pof: ayj;eh wmif:Ndof.pof:qdlof:eef. pmhugj,OAifrlwf:tdlof;/ Orf.oj;pof:rD:wmif:ch;wmif:yAef trf,bl,vDehaOwj. ayj:pof: vh;pefej;vkuf;vmif:pof:eh wmif:yAefqdlof:eef. rdlefeif,pmhugj,OAif;rlwf:/ vdlofaOeef.bof.trf,uj: bmrf:rdlof;pof:olef.uGif crfq[oh.eh vgif;crfq[qdlof:eef. qmif;pmhugj, e[:su;vkuf;vmif:pof:eef.tdlof;? ugyf;ydlof;qdlif.eef ayj:tofuofoj;sw. tefvDpuf.aOydlef;eh. yAefvkkuf;vmif:tdlof;ehbof./

urf:eef. udkwf:ykef,ej:auj.edkif; trf,wuf:OAifaO bAeffoh.bl,eef. cofqif,oj;-

]]r[:vl: awoj;pdkofvj, pof:aw.vmwf;bof.vl:}} ehbof./ urf:eef. ykef,ej:eh. qif,oj;-

]]ayj:pof:ukrf,oj;uofoj;r[:bl,qdkif awtrf,qmif;bof.aOyguf; wj.pof:ugj,ql: Tzj:yAefqof;vj;}}ehbof./ cofqif,tgefuef ugj,ql: Tzj:yAefqof;aObof. vof;xmrfoj;-

]]Tzj:yAefqof;pof:wD;cj;J ykef,ej: auj.eh.oj; tefvDpuf.aOcof;eh. trf,rD:Oifehatj;/ auj.eh.Orf.vmwf;oj; tefvDpuf.aOolof:eh. trf,rD:Oifehatj;/ auj.eh.Orf.vmwf;oj; tefvDpuf.aO vkuf;vmif:eh. trf,rD:Oifehatj;/ ayj:tofTzj:yAefqof;pof:oj;tefv[ rmef,rSef;wD;cj;}} ehbof./

Tzj:yAefqof;qif,oj;-]]ewfxd twfwOr> ayr>- ykef,ej:cof

tlnf.J tefvDpuf.aOwlofqof;uof,eh. trf,rD:Oif}} ehbof./ q[;sw.bof. awoj; puf.vkuf;vmif:aOydlef;ehauj; ayj:pof:qrfwmhrj: vkuf;vmif:pof: bif:trf,tofpof:vh;? arjbjwguf,wj,cof bif:trf,tofpof:vh;? tofidkef:crf: Odkof.vSuf;tof bif:trf,vh;/ ugyf;eef pof:ulnf:bof.awvh;ydkif;tdif umrf,pof:aO awqgh;pof:cdkef:/

ayj:oj; qof;uof, puf.wlofuof,qdkif awvh;uh.Okuf;ODyef bj,ay,P;yefch:eef.bof./ ayj:qgrf:eguf;wlofpof: rD:ch: pof:awvh; uh.ygwf;ODyef? awvh;tofugef;ODaO uh.ODyef? ayj:e[:wlofpof: rD:ch: avj:z awj:O arj:p udav,Oj,qdkif awvh; tofumefvD umefwj,e OD,vzj,oej,aO uh.ygwf;ODyefeef.bof./

e[: tkEfpjWduyfy eef. oj;oh. ]]uIejuIe> rejwDwd rekaOj}} ugyf;ydlof; qmif;N.quf: tefzdwf:tefxkuf, tefvDteftrf,vDsv; Mif. ]]ulef:}} ehbof./ pof:yAefulef:qmof:cdlof: ykwf.xzj,Oj,auj.ekdif; vgif;vDtduf,vgif;pmh. tefoj;eef. pof:xkuf,vDN.sw.bof./ N.vmhulnf:sw. yh,rD:zgef:vD ayj:pof:arjuBmif.urf arjpAwf:qgrf:ugef, qif,awrD:zgef:vDbof./ rdlof;v[qof;uof, arjOkuf;ygwf;ySwf;ch:e[:wlofaO arjtof tefMrftefvD O[,wlofpof:ugef, qif,awudkif,oj; pof:puf.wlofpof:bof./

P;arjpuf. wlofqof;uof, ul;auj.aOurf:/

qof;Omif,tj,avj:u (clofvrf)

qgrf:eif, Nofacj;O[,oj; ]]p}} ySwf,wlofeheef. ayj:zl;vlvduf;pof:cof c[;N.eh vltmef,vlwlnf:cj;w/ zl;wSrf;vduf;auj; trf,q[;sv;oj; uwf.ej,cSef,ej,N.ej, ehauj;trf,q[;? tdiftofacj;uGmrf:Oif,OgefTzj:Twj:Oif,cj, ayj;sr; TOj,cl:Ogef arjOgef teef,w pj;qof; tefOifOgefrguf,vmwf;oh.eef.aO pof:zl;wSrf;vduf;awtoftguf,rguf,ch;aeyefzl;vlvduf;pof:cof ayj:vDauj;tofayj:trf,vDauj; oh.omif:yefaOurf:cj;/

1. ]]p}}oj;]]pof:}}- pof:tefoj;eh. rmhxkdifulef: sw,tof ulef:Ogifauj.Omrfauj.ckdef;uGj,?rl,qkrf:pof: omef;pof: rdlif:pof: rdlefeif,oj; pof:yAefwh:ehauj; rmhxdkifulef:cdlof:wh:eef.bof.?]]pof:}} tefoj;eh. trf,q[;ykef;auj.vAof? yAefykef;zgef:pof:wif:OAif; zgrf.zAif,vh;q[uefeef.bof./

2. ]]p}}oj;]]Nnf:}}- Nnf:tefoj;eh. bl,wD; ulef:auj.edkif; Ogifauj.qugj,aO Mif.Nnf:uef pAwf:umefpmh.sv; umefvDeef.bof./ ayj:Nnf:pAwf:umefpmh.auj; vh;wmif:zgef:pmh./ zgef:pmh.tukOlof,eef. omh:vl.pmhwmhugj,auj; wluf:xdkifiImh:aO trf,vh;Odlof:Oj,uwf:bAef/ rdlof;vh;udlwf,yAefulef:cdkef:auj; vh;udlwf,nj:wD; ulef:zmef? zmefvdlofzmefbof./ pif;zmiftif,uj,

vuf.cej,auj; trf,wArfxlef;/ cjykwf: wdefpuf: rkdof:cmwf, wlofauj;rAef ydleff;vDqmif:? vh;pjbgef:udef/ bgef.qmwf;ugef,oef:vifcof Nnf:uef pAwf:umefpmh.umefrlduf;sv; qmwf;eh. qif,vh;bmyf,bmuf;cmefq[ xdkifrdlof;wmhauj; vh;cdkef:ugj,iImh:cdkef: ulnf:eif,uof,bof./

ayj:Nnf: pAwf:umefwmif:vDauj; vh;wmif:vD?zgef:ymif;ref:qrf. yAefukOlof,bof. omh:vl.pmhwmhugj,auj; qgrf:eif,pof:vh;Nnf:uefpAwf: umefvDeeff.aO wuf:yAefOAef;wmif: rdlif:crf:edyf.ymef,bof./ qlof;uj; yh,vh;Mwf;yh,xdkif edyf.ymef,eef. OifyAefulef:auj; yAefulef:vDtefulef:wmif:erftrf,Olnf; bkrf,brfpuf.ySif:?OifyAefzDauj; yAefzDrBmwf;eef.bof./

3. ]]p}}oj;]]Nrf;}}- Nrf;tefoj;eh. e[:rl,e[:qkkrf:pof: omef;pof:rdlif:pof: qdlof.cdlof:pof:Oifpof: Nrf;uefeh. vDaw./ yh,oj;Oifvj;rdlof;pof:Nrf;uefudefehugef,vj; ayj:pof:Nrf;uefeh erf.zdwf.zl:ulnf:auj; trf,wef:N. rdlof;ref:OAif; eef.bof./ ayj:pof:trf,zgrf.uefehedlof.tkyf.yjqD,ehauj; trf,omefvh;? ayj:pof:Nrf;uefeh tD;Oifbj.uof:auj; wdkkef:trf,vkvSofwSuf,bmh;vh;eef.bof./ ayj:pof: trf,Nnf:trf,Nrf;uefeh ydlef;awbguf,vSef bj.uof:qdlof.cdlof:pof: imh;imh;bl,/ ugyf;eef pof:eif,uefOgeftmef,vduf;pof: P;Ndof;Ndif:/ ayj:ulef:wh:pof:erf ydlef;cof;urftrf,vh;? ayj:vduf;wh:pof:Ndif: rdlif:pof:awcdkef;b[,eh ekrf,pmh:qmh:bdif:wh:pof: P;arjpuf.Oj zdif;xkif:sv; uGmrf:vmwf;vduf;vmh:zj,Oj, Oj,Oej,pof: P;ref;udkrf: cmof:pdkifeef.bl,bof./

]]p}} ySwf,wlofD E

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 1394. ]]p}}oj;]]pAef:}}- pAef:tefoj;eh. rmhxdkif

auj.yh,N.Oifeef.aO eif,pdkof Orf.ayj:awN.eef. vlof,vh;pAef:Ogeftofbof.? pof:N.bof. pof:arjbof. pof:trf,pAef: tefoj;eef.bj,ayoj;vj:vj:/ tefpof:trf,N. trf,arjauj;rD:wif:erfwif:vmheh P;tgefuef olef.ygif,bgef,bgrf:rj,eaO teftrf,N.eef. P:xmrfauj.N. qldif.eif, uGmrf:uyf:xkuf,rD:oh.oj; ]]trf,N.P;xmrf-trf,imrf:P;wSrf;}}eheef.P; ygif,q[aO pof:Nnf:Nrf;pAef:uef P;N.aOurf:/

5. ]]p}}oj;]]pAwf:}}- pAwf:tefoj;eh. ayj:wif:oj; wdkef:vlof,vh;pAwf: vh;ugj, vh;udefbof.ulef:pof:auj; awj;eif,eef wdkef:awvh;pAwf:bof./ pAwf:umef ykef;wj,vAif.wgif. Omhq[ qof;uof, ymefOdkyf,ymef vkuf;Odkyf,vmef eef.bof/umeftefoj;eef. wdkef:rD:bl,ul;z[ref: umefvAuf.umefb[, ayj:rD:auj; wdkef:awvlof,vh;pAwf:bof./ pAwf:umefvDukOlof,eh. wdkef:yAefOAef;wmif: wj,tgefMwf; wD;uwf:bAef wD;teftrf,rD:az:cAef yAefedyf.ymef,eef.bof./

6. ]]p}}oj;]]P;}}- tefoj;eef. c[;P;vkuf;clif:ulef: edrfref;? c[;P;omef;rdlif: rD:vgif;uwf:bAef c[;P;qdlof.cdlof:omef;rldif: yD;egif.arjpuf.Mrf zgrf.q[ edrfref;/ z[zl;v[aOtrf,oj; omef;v[rdlif:v[aOtrf,oj; trf,c[;P; omef;rdlif:Okuf.Ouf.tlefuof: c[;bl,edrfOof:ref;udkrf:bl,/ bgef.ydlof; q[avj:zj. awj:O arj:psv;pAwf:P; omef; rdlif:yAefymifwdkuf:? ulef:cdlof:b[,ay.udef ulef: cdlof:vAuf. pAwf:P;cdlof:edkif; sv;cdlof:edkif; uof:bj.zdwf:uef? tofuefwmh trf,N.

yAefvmhrdkef,vmhOSef/ bgef.Olnf;edif;uefpdrfwD;bl,uef cGmuf;ej;vdefuefeef.bof./Oifoj; qldof.cdlof:v[ cdlof:pof:v[ ayj:pof:Nnf: Nrf;pAef: pAwf: P;ref;udkrf:eh ydlef;uof:auj; trf,qj.ydlef;bj.auj; trf,vh; eif,uof,bof./

7. ]]p}}oj;]]Ndof;}}- Ndof;tefoj;eh. e[:Ndef:pof: ayj:oj; trf,rD:N:vSif: zuf:wleh e[:ref:aw vyf:Odif,oh.bof./ rdlof;v[ pof:tofvSif:zh:ydlif:yefugef, e[:ref: qif,awNdof;vSif: pefvh;clof:cgifpof: tefrD:e[:Ndef:eef.bof./ rldefeefulnf:eif,uof, ulef:trf,N.vduf;eef.ref:awrdlefulef: trf,yj:vSif:zh:aO cof;e[:Ndef:eef.bof./ Oiftrf,yj: vSif:zh: ayj:oj;ehqdkif ref:awtrf,pefOifeef.bof. ayj:trf,N.vduf;auj; vduf;tefydlef;wSrf;oh. qdlof:eef. ydleff;c[;Oif,vmwf;oh.qdlif.pdkofauj; ref:awtrf,N.vh;eef.bof./ ayj:yAefulef: N.vduf;eh ydlef;vmwf;oh.Oifvmhvmhauj; wdkef:vlvh;tmef,vh;eef.bof./ awrdlefeif, auj.tefyj:vSif:zh:aO cof;Ndef:rdlof:eef.bof./

8. ]]p}} oj; ]]Ndif:}}- Ndif:tefoj;eh. rmhxdkifNdof;vSif: Ndlof;Ndif:ydlif:O[eef.bof./ tefuof,eef. eif,pdkofawr[, pof: Nnf: Nrf; pAef: pAwf:P;Ndof;Ndif:ydlif:O[eef.bof./ ugyf;eh Oifoj;pof:pAwf:qgrf: ]]p}} ySwf,wlofeh.eh zl;wSrf;vduf;bkrf,brfoj; erfsv;at, awqgh;P; zoqmof:cdlof:pof: cdkef;b[,bl,/

eyf.brfb[,erfaO r[,Okifcj;/

bgwf;vSif: pmh:yj

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 140

bgef.Oifsv; Mif.Omif,umef:

omh:aO zh:vmif.urf,zj,bof.aO zgif:rldof;urf,zj,ckdef:sw,wif;r[,eef. wrf;wD; ykwf.xubj,(tgif;wD;Tzj:yAefTzj:)eef. Oifoj; urf,zj,vkuf;eh. awrD:Tzj:ekdif;Ol,ehauj; Omif,umef:rlof awrD:oh. ekdif;qkrf,? Oifoj; awrD:Tzj:OgifOl,ehauj; Omif,umef:rlof awrD: Ogifqkrf,ehbof./ urf,zj, pof:vkuf;eh.sw. bgef.yldof; Tzj:awrD: pj;Ol,sv; Oif,umef:rlof rldof;Nofykdif:urf,zj,eef. rD:oh. pj;qkrf, ehaOckefOmifcof tofuGj,oh. wD;rldif:Omifehbof./

ayj:tof e[:ydkef:Tzj:oj; zgif:rldof; aej,crf:qof; ymh;tguf,apjrldif:uydvomwf;aO awuGj,pAwf:Ipmef:? zgif:rldof; uGj,Mwf;xkdif wrf;wD;zif,erf.taej,rj,eef. ckefOmifvlif Cwduj,Iqif,tof Omif,umef:rlof rj:vl,wmef:yef aej,vgif:qof;bof./ zj;zSef, tefckefOmif rj:ckyf.umef:omef:oh;aO vl,wmef:eef.auj;

qif,awMif.oj; ]]zj; Omifumef:}}ehaO omh:rj:qif,yAefrj: ]]Omif,umef:}} ehbof./

zj;zSef, tefrBmwf;aOydlef;e[:uj; zj;zSef, clof:ekif;wif:OAif;eef.

Omif,umef:eh. rBmwf;wgef:vdlofaOyldef;/clof:ekif; ulef:Ndef:cofeh. ODref: rD:ul;yldifyldif?

vguf:vmh:ref: rD:ul;OSef:OSef:? vgif;pmif;pSef:bAyf.ekif;ref: rD:ul;xmef;xmef; Orf.ayj:trf,qmif;vmwf;vh; aq:qgwf,aOw ref:uyf:umh,vlnf; uj,rIj,uoh.bl,/ ulnf:uj; zj;vdlifOmif,

umef:eh.sw. ref:yAef zj;zSef, tefIpmef:Oif,cj,cof ekif;rhaO trf,uyf:umh,vlnf; uj,rIj,u/ Tzj:qldof:tefyAefTzj:uGj,bof. qldof:eef.sv;Oif Tzj:qldof:tefawyAefTzj:rj:

xSif;qldof:eef.sv;Oif ul;qof;ul;tlif: wuf:awekif;rh zj;vdlifOmif,umef:aO wkdof:urfTwj:awj,ayj:pAwf:P; udav,Oj, rlnf.rlwf:blwf:

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 141uAif;sv; zj;vdlifOmif,umef:eh. qif,vh;oj;yAefzj;zSef, tefrBmwf;wgef:vldofaOydlef;

ehbl,/

ukif,rkeftAefpSif: Omif,umef:e[:uj; ulef:Ndef:eh. qef.tej,umrf,

eef. vh;oj; qef.Twj:cof OkifaOyldef;bl,/ulnf:uj; tej,umrf,eh. Orf.wkduf.ekif;oh. zj;zSef,Odlof;clof: ulef:Ndef:ulnf:sv; yduf.Orf.oj;wmif:wkdof:urfref:? qef.Twj:ref:Okif yAeftej,umrf,aOw ref:wuf:awvh;ckyf.oh; qof;Omif,r[,tgef, tefwkduf.ekif;Omif,umef: rldof;eh.eef.bl,/ aOj:wj,ymef, Ipmef:qof;ekdif;sv; aOj:wj,ymef, ulef:Ndef: auj.ekdif;eef.ayj:rj:wSuf;uefwlnf:eh wD;e[: OkwfwedyjwrkedOkwf;? t#f$uxj,eef. oj;oh.Ipmef:aOj:wj,ymef, rBmwf;wgef:aO ulef:Ndef:aOj:wj,ymef, ehbl,/ tefeh. ygif,oj;zj;vldifOmif,umef:eh. z[ekif;auj; ref:rBmwf;wgef: ehbl,/

rdlif:tefrlnfwluf:ayj:zlduf,zSefeef.cofvh;ekif; Odlof;clof:clef Odlof;clof:ejwj,aO,/ayj:trf,ekif;ejauj; cofvlof,uwf:cof;vkduf.aO wmhulnf:bof./ Odlof;clof:eh. awvh;oj;ref:uSwf,scsp.uif;yef ymh:bl,vDulef:pof:tduf,Omhq[ulef:pof:bl,/ ulnf:uj; Odlof;clof:ulef:Ndef:eh. ref:Orf. trf,uSwf, scsp.uif;yefvh;Omhq[Ipmef:wj,cof/ ulef:auj. tefvh;Twj:OD,rmuf;OD,zlof,aO yAefIpmef:wj,uGj,eef.Oifoj; ref:Okdyf,ekif;oh. clof:ulef:Ndef:qkdifOmhq[ref: trf,ylef.vh; ekdif;oef:? ref:wuf:awvh; cof;edyf.ymef,bof./ ugyf;Oifayj:oj;

ehqkdif ugyf;yl dof;oj; Oldof;clof:ulef:Ndef:eh.ref:trf,rD:tAefpSif: qif;cmrf,vh; ukif,rkefIpmef:wj,eh wD;e[: rdvdef,wynf,pj,eef.wgyf,oh.eif,ehbof./ wD;wSuf;ref: rldefeif,yj,pdbwj,IkqDIdbeef. ref:yAef Ipmef:wj,bof.aOw bgef.trf,rD: zkif:umrf, wj,awvh;ekif;rh Omif,umef:sv; zgif:rldof; wkduf.uGj,Oguf;pjOmif,umef:yrf.Oul,bl,eef. olof:sr;wlofekdif;rj:awj:ref:aO vh;cof; qmrf,edyf.ymef,ySwf;bof./

ulef:auj.tef tj,Oaoj:Twj: rlnf.rlwf:aO yAefIpmef:wj,eef. Oifoj; ref:rj:ekif;rh zj;vdlifOmif,umef: ayj:ehqkdif ref:awOkdyf,bl,Oof:vh;uGj, e[:rldif:ulef: ySif;eif, tj,bkref: umrf,ref: rD:oh.eef.bof./ Omif,umef:tefoj;eef. ref:rD:oh. ukif,b[,eif,ehehvDN.oh.bl,/

Omif,umef: yrf.Oul,zgif:rldof; rkefcrf:Tzj:auj:wr tofyxr

oj,Oj wrf;wD; vlifwkdifrduwj,eef. yguf;ekdif;uSef,qof; uGj,tSof,Mwf;xkdif e[:xldef, tkIkao,vbof./ uSef,qof;zSofuGj,wD; yj,pAof;wD;ekdif;? uGj,uAyf:tof zSef, yrf.Oul, wD;wlofulef:wmhauj.ekdif; tefqkdof;oj; emif:ulef:zmefykef,eeef.bof./ zSef,tefyluf.apj, wlofemif:ykef,eeef. bgef.yldof; ref:emif:yAefulef:zmefsv; zSef,yluf.wlofref:emif:auj;awj.sw.yAef zSef,ref;teftofayj awj:pAwf:tofeef.ulnf:/ Tzj:yAefqof; vh;tofrkdof:qof; ygef;ySwf;wlofegeftgef, tefqyf:rj:qgrf: zSef,eef.aO ckdef:tofegefwrf:

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 142O[, wD;edlofwlofwmhulef:eef.bof./ zgif:rldof;Tzj:yAefqof; uAyf:Omif,umef:yrf.Oul, wD;wlofwmh emif:ykef,eeef. eifvdefrdlif: Orf.ayj:Oef,Mef;cgef:oh uGj,pSif:pSif:vl:ugef,/ Omif,umef:yrf.Oul,zkdefeef. rkefcrf:Tzj: tofymh.oh. wD;Nofrj,qof;wj,aO, awj,xdkif ayj:ckdef:qkef.yef qof;rpj,uwf.Oyeef.bof./

rdlof;Nofydkif: Oj,Oej, vgif;Oif,cj,Ipmef:cof uAyf:zSef,yrf.Oul,aO pAwf:yAef Omif,umef: ekif;rheef. cmof:bmrf:ref: awj,xdkifrkefcrf:Tzj: vh; 20 oj,bof./ urf:vdkef: arjbjvlifqD,ou rj:oh;vof; bgef:vl, Omif,umef:sv; wuj,cdif:emh:bdif:qmh:cof qif,awtgefuef vh;vl,Omif,umef:rj: pmef.awj,xdkifoef:rldof;eh.bof./

zgef:vD eyf.brfOmif,umef:

wrf;wD; e[:qj,wuqldof:eef.auj; uh.vh;pef vgif;oj; qmif.xldef,wif:erf pjudefpjbSrf.e[:xldef,aO ayj:oj; vh;pefqof;ywf.aq,uykwf.xj,cof tefekif;rh Omif,umef:qdkif qmif.xldef,tgef uefckyf.oh;ehbl,/ vgif;tef rl:Odlof:aOj:ekwf.wI tofOmif,umef: qof;ywf.aq,ucof ekif;rhaO uGj,bdkof: aej,vgif:qmif.Owf.wmef,eef. qmif.Owf.wmef,tmif;tofwmhrl:Odlof:aOw bgef.eyf.brfOmif,umef: wD;wlofref:sv; yhg,vgwf;yefOmhq[ref:eef.bof./ vgif;qldof:eh. seyefzmifpmif; vgif;eyf.brf Omif,umef:eef.bl,/

wrf;wD; e[:ax,Ij,yj,wmef,eef. qof;auj:Oj,vrax,eh. rldof;ylef.rj: 91 urf,zj,

zgif:rldof;ref:wkduf.uGj,sv, e[:xldef,eef. vh;uGj,pef zSef,Omif,umef: ygwf:ekdif; ymh.oh.wD;imrf;rh. pdrf:wdefvhgsv; ref:qmh: Mrf:rkdof:oh;Oj tofrguf,uGj,omif:wrf: eldofOmif,umef:aOvl,wmef:uGj,bof./ bgef.yldof; ukOlof,ej:rkeftefeef.aO e[:uj; 91 urf,zj,eh. wkdef:trf,vh;uGj, tsy,aOyguf;? vh;yAefzoulef:vDzDrBmwf;wif:erf? xdkifrj: ymefTzj:auj:wrqif,rj:yAefIpmef: rj:cwf:q[ umefTwj:aOvh;yAefqof;Ipmef:wj,uGj,/

rldof;ymefTzj:wdwf.Oeef. rl:Odlof:auj.ekdif; zgif:wkduf.uGj,pj vdkyf;wlofxldef, Orf.vh;uGj,pef Omif,umef:yrf.Oul, tefTzj:wdwf.Oqkef.oh.wD;eldof imrf;rh.sv; ref:qif,wrf:omif: umif,ref:aO uGj,eyf.brf oh;Oj, Omif,umef:Tzj:? ckuf.clef.xdkif ukif,rkefTzj:aO oh;OjvDvDimrf:imrf:bof./ zgef:vD ukOlof, tefeyf.brf oh;Oj,eef. ukrf.qgh;yefref: e[: 91urf,zj, trf,vh;uGj,wD;tsy,aOtdwf:/ vh;yAef ulef:vDzDrBmwf;ulnf:aO xkdifrj:ymefTzj:auj:wreef. vh;cof;rj: e[:Oj,Oej,? rj:cwf:q[umefTwj:aO vh;y AefIpmef:wj,uGj,bof./

rdlof;ymefTzj:wdwf.O qif,rD:xSif; vj;xdlef, rl:Odlof:auj.ekdif; zgif:wkduf.uGj,pj vdkyf;vrf:wlofxdlef,eef. vh;uGj,pefOmif,umef:yrf.Oul, tefTzj:yAefqof; tofqkef.oh. wD;eldofudif,rh.aO cof;uGj,e[:uRif:bof./ ref:qmh:qif,wrf:omif: vmuf;emuf; cdlif;umif,ref:aOuGj,eyf.brfoh;Oj Omif,umef: bldif: tmef:ckuf:clef.xdkif ukif,rkefTzj:aO eyf.brfoh;Ojbof./

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 143zgef:vDtefeef. qgrf:ukrf.yefsv; e[: 92urf,zj, trf,vh;uGj,tsy,? vh;uGj,yAef ulef:vDzDrBmwf;ulnf:aO xdkifrj: ymefTzj:auj:wrvh;rj:yAef zl;rmuf;auj.ekdif;? omh:vdkef:rj: cof;rj:e[: Oj,Oej, cwf:q[umefTwj: vh;yAefIpmef:wj,uGj,/

tefvmwf;serj:qldof:eh. yAefzgef:vDtefvh; eyf.brfOmif,umef:eef.bof./ugyf;eh qldof:Olcofpof:pj:wif:OAif; wrf;wD;Omif,umef:eef. pof:wuf:awvh;eyf.brfbl,/Oifoj; uGj,pefOmif,umef:uof, Omif,umef:bguf:wluf:oh. qgrf:wj;qgrf:wmif:qkdif awtrf,vh;cmrf;uGj, eldofref:? awtrf,vh;bAyf,edlofref:?ukdif,vDuAyf:tofymh.oh.yef wD;Okifbl,/ yduf.Orf.vh;pef Omif,umef:uof, tefydlef;qkef.ySwf;aOwj. trf,eyf.brfeef. trf,vDpAwf:/zSef,tefyAef ODOmif,umef:eef.auj; trf,vDtofpAwf: Odef;wlif, zj;wlif,aOekif;/

auj.tefekif;rh zj;vdlifOmif,umef:eef.yduf.Orf.oj; tj,bkref: vAuf.egh.aOpof:auj;bj, pof:qldof:yAef ulef:Ndef: tefekif;Odlof;clof:OgifcSefeef. wdkef:aw vh;oh;auj.zl;ekif;rh Omif,umef:bl,/ vgif;oh;Oj eyf.brfuef e[:Oj,Oej,eh. trf,toftj,bkb[,oj;/ ulnf:tof tj,bk tefekif;Omif,umef:eef. oj;ulnf:/

wrf;wD; e[:tkyIdyef,ej,O XjwkodZifUOkwf;eef.auj; seoh.oj; ckefquBoaw:auj;awj;vh;oh;Oj eyf.brf qof;Omif,r[, tefwkduf.ekif;zj;vdlif rldof;eh.eef.ehbof./

bgef.eef P;arjtgefuef eyf.brf Omif,umef:aOurf:/

qof;TOj,Okcrf: (wmif.bmef:)

TCU

uAof,vlnf; uGmrf:q[.aoj:pj,Iwh: tefvmwf;vlnf; ckefzD zl;tkyf.ydlif, rdlif:zDwj,owdif,Oj,eef. rmifwD; oj; ]ckefOuBj:}? rmifwD; Orf.oj; ]ckeftdef:} ehbof./ bgef.ydlof; uGmrf:q[.ref:ySuf,uefoh.sv; pAwf:P;arjuGifbof./ c[;oj; ]ckefOuBj:} ehauj;vD? ]ckeftdef:} ehauj;bof.Omhacj;uGmrf:eh. ref:vkuf.wD;v[aO udlwf,yAefrj:eheef. udkif,vDvAyf;pAef: P;pkxdkifbl,/ acj;iof;ref: tefpof:vh;pefxdkifurf;zgif;sw. yAeftefrj:e[: O>bkwfwedujb? OUjxjoUfUyj,vd? OufuO>bkwf; OufuejrOkwf; sv; rpj,vdOkwf;eef.bof./

rdlof;yguf;edkif; rSef;zgif:ykwf.xqof; wdkuf.bl,wD;uRif:bgwf;ukwj,uj,IOj,vj, wD;rdlif:ao,Oj,vD,eef. rD:ckefvdwf.OoD,auj.edkif; qdkof;oj;]rpj,vd}? ref:vh;rj: wkif:xgrf,Twj: OufuynfpOkwf; tefykwf.xqof; apj:vmwf;vlnf; vgif;ckefOuBj:eef.sv; rD:umifq[ c[;xmrf vgif;ckefOuBj:bof./

]]ckefOuBj:eh. ykwf.xqof; qgif,bmrf;pefcj;p}}/

]]bmrf;pefbl,tdlof;}}/

ckefOuBj: pkdof ckeftdef:Omif,vr f

]]ckefOuBj: tefykwf.xqof; bmrf;pefeef. ac:yAefwlofygrfref:ulnf:cj;blof.? ckefOuBj: wlofaw.ref: ref:pefvh;bmyf,ej,cj;vlif}}/

]]rpj,vdtdlnf:J ckefOuBj:eh. pof:pkquf:ref:vD"tdlof;? Twj:vgif;uBmif.urf wj,pAwf:P;yAefvh; ckefOuBj:eef.auj; pof:pkvD"imrf:"bof./bgef.ydlof;cwf:q[uBmif.urfpAwf:qgrf: wmif:uBmif.urfvD qAwf:bdlif; wj,pAwf:P;yAefvh; ckefOuBj:sv; ref:qif,ugj,yAefckefOuBj:vDimrf:bof./}}

qdkof;ckefOuBj: (7) rAof:

1) rdlof;ref:wdkuf.yAefulef:eef. bgef.rD:erf.q[vD Owf.xj,pSif:b[,ej,sv; qdkof;ref:Mif.oj; ]]qmh:rC - zl;rD:clof:cgifpSif:q[Owf.xj,b[,}}bof./ tdiftofqdkof;uof,ref: rdlof;ymefulef:eef.aOsv; qif,Mif.oj; ]]rCoj}}(raCj ejrrjEaoj tapjOd? wOfrj rCojwd okqfqwd)/

2) rdlof;ref:wdkuf.yAefulef:eef. bgef.ydlof;eyf.eyf.brfbrfaO pAwf:umefwj,esv;qif,Mif.oj; ]]Oufu}} (Oufuqfq> Wje>tWjOd? wOfrj Oufaujwd okqfqwd)/

S OHI

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 1453) rdlof;ref:wdkuf.yAefulef:eef. bgef.ydlof;

pAwf:umefwj,esv; Mif.oj; ]]ykIdefWW}}(ykaI Wje> tWjOd? wOfrj ykIdefWaWjwdokqfqwd)/

4) rdlof;ref:wdkuf.yAefulef:eef. bgef.ydlof;pAwf:vl,wmef: apjOjvj: wD;bl,wmef:Oof:sv; qif,Mif.oj; ]]ojOo}} (tjoOx> tWjOd?wOfrj ojOaojwd okqfqwd)/

5) rdlof;ref:wdkuf.yAefulef:eef. bgef.ydlof;ref:yAef zl;olef.vh;ch;qmif; nmef,vD vSwf:OSof :sv; qif,Mi f.oj; ]]OpOfOufc }}(OpOfOr fy d twfxje> r kp kw faweqdefawwd ? wOfrj OpOfOu facjwdokqfqwd)/

6) bgef.ydlof; ref:yAef qof;zlof emif:OkQj,sv; qif,Mif.oj; ]]OkQrfywd}} (OkQjejr tOkIunfnj yQjywd? wOfrjOkQrfywDwd okqfqwd)/

7) bgef.ydlof; ref:yAef zl;tkyf.ydlif,zgif:irf:edlofckefzDrdlif:wj,owdif,Oj,cofsv; qif,Mif.oj;]]awojerdefW}} (aWoje> wjow&Oje>tdOfOIdbjXdyqfq> Iqfq> ujaIwd? wOfrjaWojerdefaWjwd okqfqwd)/

acj;uGmrf:aoj:pj,I tefpof:q[.oj; ckefOuBj:eheef. ref:vkuf.wD; acj; ]Oufu}eef.aObAef:yAefrj:? qif,oj; ]ckefOuf;uBj:_ckefOuBj:}ehbof./ acj;tefoj; ]ckeftdef:}eef.qrf.ref: vkuf.wD; acj;]tdefW}eef.aO bAef:yAefrj:? qif,oj; ]ckeftdefW_ckeftdef:} ehbl,bof./ c[;oj; ckefOuBj:auj;vD? ckeftdef:

ehauj;bof. wD;ygif,acj;uGmrf:(OWfWwfx)ref:ydlif;uefaOw acj;bldif:ql:(tWdyfaybBwfx)ref:sw. yAeftefvAofuefulnf:? yAeftef qdqrf; bldif:ql: ckefzDOuBj:_ckeftdef: tefbl,wD;rdlif:zD qef.clif:wj,owdif,Oj,eef. eif,uefulnf:bof./

wmif:uBmif.urfvD wj,yAefckefOuBj: (7)yd lif

1) vAif.vl vkrf:vj: ayj;sr; awj,qlof;?

2) eyf.brf zl;b[,ulef:vlif e[:qdlof.idlef;qmof:cldof:awj,qlof;?

3) vmwf;u Gmr f:bAef,si; tlef;tgef,awj,qlof;?

4) so;ySwf; vgif;vmwf;uGmrf:Olef:aOj,P;ydlef;zdwf: qwf. wSuf,bmh;uef awj,qlof;?

5) trf,xD,trf,eAof arjpAwf:umefwj,ewmif:wmef:awj,qlof;?

6) vmwf;uGmrf:rmef,rSef;qdkof;q[; awj,qlof;?

7) trf,arjq[vrfawj:O awj,qlof; ehqdlof:eh.bof./

ckefzD rdlif:wj,owdif,Oj,cofeh. ayj:toftj,bkcofoj; vh;bl,awj,xdkif 1000 (edkif;pAif)yD? edkif;oef:ulyf:cdkef: rdlif:cofqrf. yAef 100(edkif;ymuf,)yD rdlif:ulef:pof: ehbof./

- - - - -

MN

rldof;ylef.rj: qif,rD:ckefapjcrf:vlif qkdof;Mif.oj; ao,xwDy ehbof./ ckefapjcrf:yj:eh.ref:tkyf.yldif, oAif:vlifoAif:ekdif; tefrD:wD;pdrf:sr;erf.vlif Orf,rkwf.wIj,eef.bl,bof./ wD;oAif:vlifeef. qif,rD:ujvlif tOmuf;bmof: wlofedkif;? ujvlifwlofeh. ref:wgif:oh. qkdof;ckefapjcrf:sv; ulef:efG:pmif;efG:apj teftkyf.yldif,rldif:ref: eef.bl,bof./ ujvlifwlofeh. wlofref:bfG,ej,sv; wj,udeftdrf,wgif.ref: uGj,oef:vfGoef:eef. yAeftef bmyf,qfGref:oh.bl,bof./ ckefapjcrf:auj; tOmuf;ref:bfG,rj:bof.sv; qif,vh; vyf:wjvkdrf:rldif:uGj,bof./qldof:yAef trmwf;zgif:rldif:vlifcofauj; qif,tgefuefvkrf:vj: cmyf;wlofwhm ckefapjcrf:eef.aO awtmef:oh.cmyf;wlofwhmref: vldefedkif;bof.aO qif,zofzh:ehbof./

qmh:auowfw vh;yAefckefapjcrf:oef:edkif; ujvlifauj; av,pjudefvAif.wgif.

ref:aO qif,uGj,xlyf:pefrSef;nj: qmh:tgef,auj.edkif;aO ref:qif,oj;pif:qmh:eef.oj;~]]wh:auj. r[:eh. yAefulef:qdlif.eif,ydlef;aO

wh:auj.pmh. wh:auj.vDqof;nj,wdcrf: (uRuf:sr:)

qlof;cmof:-wj;ukif;

wj. wgef;wj, r[:awvh;udefvAif.wgif.r[:uGj,oef:v[oef:eef. qdlif.r[:ay.rj:wkuf.c cmefq[ej,tj:vj: ayj:yAefwmef,eh.? wgef;wj,uofsw. oh.aOugef,vj; uofyAefOwf:aO wlofuofb[,ej,tj:vj:sv; wj,awvh;udef tdrf,wgif.eef. ref:vh;pjudefbmyf,ej,? ugyf;eefsv;uofawqgh;r[: P;r[:ayj:ckdef;b[,r[,Okif/ ayj:r[:ckdef;b[,r[,Okifrj:eh r[:auj; awvAif.P;uofvh;udeftdrf,wgif.uGj, oef:v[oef:eef. uGj,bl,uGj;aej;}}

qmh:auowfwauj; qif,oj;~ ]]wh:auj.ujvlif ayj:r[:qgh;uof yAefOax:vlif ckdef;b[,r[,Okifsw. uofawvAif. wmif:udefr[: ul;oef:ul;oef:? P;r[:ayj:vh;udeftdrf,uGj;}}

]]r[:oj; sw.pj. qmh:auowfwJ qgif,r[:N.pj. ckefapjcrf: wD;rdlif:aoxwDy wD;rdlif:uofbl,eef. wmhuGj,bof.oj;? ugyf;eefsv; eif,pdkofr[:ayj:awvh; yAefckefapjcrf: aoxwDyeef.uofawqgh;r[:vh? ayj:r[: yAefckefapjcrf:rj:bof.r[:awwgyf,ckdef: ukif,rkefuof tD;Oifvj,}}

PRRR

147qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

]]wh:auj.ujvlifJ ayj:oj; r[:qgh;xSrfuofsv; uofvh;yAefckefapjcrf:rj:eh uofawbj.edlof.uGmh: edkif;oef:ekdif;wlofaO tofpAwf:zuf:wj,r[:udefuyf:cof;r[:uGj;}}

]]wh:auj.vD qmh:auowfwJ ulnf:ej,urf.erferfsw. ulef:urf;zgif;eh. arjvmwf;vmhvmhulnf: trf,arjpAwf:qgrf:? trf,N.quf:ukif,rkefyldef;ulnf:tdlof;? r[:c[;N.}}

]]tvlof.at. tmh;wh:auj.ujvlifJ r[:bkrf,uofvj;? uofawyef acj;ref;uSef, uwdOwf.qj,r[:vh? Ogef,P;r[:qgh;xSrfuof P;vh;yAefckefapjcrf:ulnf:vj; uofwdkef:trf,vkdrf:ukif,rkefr[:vh;}}

]]wh:auj.vD qmh:auowfw? vDbof.ayj:eef ayj:r[:yefacj;ref;uSef,uof oj;awtrf,vdkrf: ukif,rkefuof awtmef:wgyf,ckdef: ukif,rkefuofbl,ehauj; uofawqgh;r[: P;r[:ayj:vh;yAefckefapjcrf:? r[:vlof,pAwf:qgrf: uGmrf:uofvmwf;ulnf:}}

ayj:oj;vmwf;tkyf,tlof: wluf:vlif:uefbof.auj; ujvlifeef. qif,Mif.tof qmh:auowfweef. cD,edlofvifref:aO rdefrd lof: rd lif:aoxwDy ykef.bl,bof./ ayj:oj;Mwf;xkdif oAif:aoxwDy bof.ehauj; ujvlifeh. qif,vmwf;seqdkof; qof;emif:apjcrf:vlif? qdkof;qof;qmh:tgef,? qdkof;qof;bdif:? qdkof;trmwf;zgif:rldif:?qdkof;ckefOdkuf:vlif? qdkof;ulef: tefvgif;b[,e[:pmif;apj wif:rlwf:wif:OAif;aObof. P;pAwf:qgrf:qdlif.eh qdlif.eef vmwf;sexSif;bl,bof./

]]wh:auj.vD qmh:auowfwJ crf;cdkef:eh.uofOrf.awvuf.tof cmyf;wlofwmhckefapjcrf:

wD;e[:ugrf,eef.aO tguf,uGj,ySwf;? ayj:oj;uoftofcmyf;wlof ckefapjcrf:tguf,ySwf;bof.ehqdkifr[:Orf.vuf.cof;egef: wD;efG:ugrf,eef.cdkef:wj.? ayj:oj;xdkifumife[ zj.ymif,rdlif:vSif: ulef:efG:pmif;apj rj:pefr[:eh cofawtgefuefwluf:q[aO vDtmrf:uGj,? rdlof;zgif:cofrj:pefr[:eef. r[:Orf.vlof,rguf,vmwf;se ulef:e[:pmif;apjcofoj;- ]uofyAefckefapjcrf:oAif:eh. uofvkpmhwmhuGj,aO Mwf;uGj,wD;rdlif:zD vh;uGj,pef qof;ayj;qof;sr;uof tefMwf;bl,rd lif:zDeef.qof;ayj;sv;qof;sr; ckkdef:rguf,vmwf;uofoj;~vkuf;qmh:tlnf. ulofrdlif:aoxwDyvkvSofpmhuGj,ySwf;? vkuf;qmh:puf.tlnf. ckdef:yguf;rdlof:rldif:ulef:aO pAwf:ckefapjcrf: tkyf.ydlif,omef;rldif:ckdef:sv;? ulnf:ej, ugyf;ydlof;oj; vkuf;qmh:wmhrdlif:ulef:aO Mwf;rj:rd lif:zDsv; ckdef:yguf;rdlof:ckdef:cmyf;uof,wlofuof,trf,vh;sv; awvh;vmh;pmif;zmifej;wjaO rdlof:qif,vh;bof./ ugyf;eefsv; uofvh;vmh;ej;wj pmif;zmifaO ckdef:rj:ql:Olckdef:bl,bof.} oj;eh wD;e[:ulef:pmif;apjcofej.}}

ayj:oj;ujvlifeef. Ogefyef qmh:auowfweef.bof.ehauj; zgif:bmrf:umifcdkef: rdlof;ulef:y[.cmyf;wlofwmhckefapjcrf: egef:vyf:bl,eef.ujvlif qif,Mif.tofwrf,ij; uGj,ql: wD;ugrf,eef.aO vuf.tofcmyf;wlofwmh ckefapjcrf:eef.tguf,uGj,aO P;qmh:auowfweef. cof;uGj,bl,wD;e[:ugrf,eef.ckdef:bl,bof./

xkdifcmof:bmrf:umife[rj: qmh:auowfweef.vmwf;secof eif,uGmrf:ujvlif Oif,oh.eef.bof./ urf:eef. ulef:qdlof:bl, wD;e[:pmif;apjeef.auj; qlrf:qlrf:Odlof:Odlof:aO vmwf;se


yD;egif. ulef:rldif:cofckdef:bl,bof./ ayj:oj; vh;N.bof.eh yD;egif.ulef:rdlif:cofauj; yAeftefqlrf:Odlof: pif:z[pif:ref:bl,bof./ cofauj;qif,tofpmif;apj tmyf;yefqmh:auowfweef. P;pAwf:yAef ckefapjcrf:cof uGj,bl,bof./

qmh:auowfwauj; ayj:oj; vh;yAefckefapjcrf:uGj,bof.ehauj; qgrf:eif,ref:vh;yefacj;ref;uSef, uwdOwf.qj, wD;ujvlifeef.ref:qif,tofedlof.uGm h: edkif;oef:edkif;wlofpAwf:zuf:aO vAif.ujvlifwlofeef.bl,bof./

ulef:vkdrf:ukif,rkef wdkef:wkuf.cckefapjcrf: qmh:auowfweh. ayj:oj;

ref:vh;pAwf:ckefapjcrf: vdlefedkif;bof.ehqdkifref:ukrf,udefvof; rof:vof;aO rof:qgrf:emif:apjcrf: rof:qgrf:uj,rukif,aq:qdrf, bl,ul;oef:bof./ wgef;wj,ujvlifeef.auj; trf,tofedlof.uGmh:vAif.bof./ tofedlof.rj edlof.uh,aO vAif.uGj,bl,bof./ rmifyguf;rmifv[ ayj:ref:udef vof;rof:bof.ehqdkif ref:vdkrf:wj,awvAif. ujvlifeef. uGj,ySwf;bof./ urf:eh. ref:qif,q[.ulef: e[:pmif;apj vAif.yefwgef;wj, ujvlifeef.bl,bof./

yDbmof:cmof:pd kifrj: ujvlifwlofeef.auj;rmifoef:auj;vh;udef rmifoef:auj;trf,vh; udef?ayj:vh;udefauj; rmifoef:vh;udeftdrf, rmifoef:auj; trf,vh;udeftdrf,aOtdwf:/ edkif;vldefedkif;vldefeh. oef:teftrf,vh;udefref:Orf.erfrj:wduf:wduf:sv; ujvlifeef. qif,rj:olefoj;- ]]atjJ tmh;qmh:tgef,auj.eh.eh.ref:trf,N.quf: wj,awwgyf,ukif,rkef uofckdef:?ugyf;uofqgh;xSrfref:sv; ref:qif,yAef ckefapjcrf:rj:? ref:yAefckefapjcrf:bof.aO ref:trf,

ckdef:wlnf:xdkifuofcdkef:? trf,vAif.edlof.uof ul;oef:? ref:ukrf,rlef;Odlof:qgrf: emif:bdif: qgrf:aq:qdrf,pmif;apjref:ulnf:? ulef:trf,N.quf:ukif,rkefeh. trf,vlof,vh;yAef ckefapjcrf:?vlof,P;ref: rdlof:pjrAwf:yjckdef:aO pjvAif.wgif.ref: ckdef:ulnf:bof.}}ehbof./

xdkifrj:oef:edkif; ujvlifeh. qif,uGj,ql:ckefapjcrf:aO rguf,vmwf;oj; ]]qof;rkefb[,ckefapjcrf:wD;cj;J rD:rdlif:xSif;rldif:edkif;atj;?rdlif:cofauj; b[,ej, uBj.ej, cSrf.ej,vdlofaOrdlif:ao,xwDyeh. ymuf,ykef;pAifykef;atj;? ckefapjcrf:cofauj; vkpmhwmhuGj,bof.cj;? rdlof;vAofeh.cofyh, rD:ckefapjcrf:cj;? pof:awqgh;qof;pof:uGj,pAwf: ckefapjcrf:rdlif:cofatj;? rj:cj;sv;pof:tgefuefuGj,bmrf:vAofeh.cj; qof;pof:}} oj;eif,eh wD;ckefapjcrf:bl,/ ckefapjcrf:auj;ayj:oj;vh;idef: acj;uGmrf:ujvlifbof.ehauj;ugyf;oj; rD:q[c[;vh;pmif;apj tefuBj.aO rdlif:aoxwDyeh.sv; qif,ckdef;cD,edlofvif ujvlifaO qgrf:uGj,bl,bof./ ujvlifauj; qif,wmif,tofckefapjcrf: cmrf;erf.sr; OrkwfwIj,uGj,aOuGj,Olif,ckdef: wD;omef;uof, Ndef:uof,ref: ykef.bof.aO qif,rguf,vmwf;se ref:qmh:oj;~]]tmh;qmh:ulef:rdluf; ulef:arjvdkrf:ukif,rkef? r[:yAefulef:wkuf.c wD;omef;eh.oAif:eh. auj.edkif;ulnf:?qgif,r[:N.wlofuof,ckdef:pj.? ugyf;ydlof;oj; uoftD:vlr[:c[;qgh;xSrfr[:aO uofqif,qgh;xSrfr[: P;r[:qmh:ayj:vh;yAefckefapjcrf:? ulnf:ej, r[:trf,N.quf:ukif,rkefydlef; trf,arj wgyf,ukif,rkefydlef; r[:trf,wgif:acj;ref;uSef, uwdOwf.qj,? r[:ukrf,udefvof;rof:bj;aO rlef;Odlof:qgrf: emif:bdif:

149qAifcrfvSif: 1 1

efG:pmif;apjulnf:/ Orf.ayj: trf,arjolef. wj,zl;rD:ukif,rkef edlofr[:aOtdwf:/ N.wgef;wj,wlofr[:auj.vAofulnf:/ r[:bl,omef;eh. rdlif:eh.aOckdef:pAwf:udefumefrAwf:yj pjvAif.wgif.r[:uGj,vj;}} oj;ehaO yhg,qmh:auowfweef. oh.aOauj; rdefuGj,wmif,wD;wmif,wmif: ySwf;ref:qmh:bl,bof./

urf:eef. ckefzD(Tzj:tvgif:) qif,sewlofref:aO rguf,vmwf;se qmh:auowfwoj;~]]tdlof; qmh:auowfwtlnf: r[:xgrf,oh.vDvDwj.uofawvmwf;ser[: ulef:tefvDulof e[:clif:umifvlifeh.-

1. ulef:trf,rD:OdefrD:xrf: trf,rD:vgif;uBmif.urfvD?

2. ulef:trf,rD:yh,nj, olef.xdkif wj,Orf,OIj,qmwf;eh. qmwf;ej;?

3. ulef:tefrD: erf.q[rdluf;pmh.?4. ulef:teftrf,N.quf: zl;rD:ukif,rkef

edlofpof:ckdef:?5. ulef:tefarjySwf.arjvSef aO.se:

bj.Oav, P;yldef;vh;vl.Okrf:vh;tmh?6. ulef:teftrf,rD:erf.qfG tD:vlydlef;

olef.Ogef,wj,wlofqof;uof,ulnf: trf,olef.Ogef,wj,ydlef;?

7. u lef:teftrf,r D :q[pu f.r Awf.wj,awj,ydlef;?

8. ulef:rD:erf.q[rdluf;vdlif: pmh.awj,ydlef;?9. ulef:tefav,pjtof vmh:tlef;tgef,

vmh:uBmrf:aO av,pjay.udefydlef;?10. ulef:trf,N.quf: vgif;vDvgif;qj.

ulef:trf,pAwf:umefvDukOlof,/

e[:uj;ulef:Odyf:auj.eh. qmwf;eh.auj;trf,vh;cdkef;b[,r[,Okif? yAefulef:tefydlef;vDrdlof,vDqmef; ulef:ySwf;vhmaOtrf,uj: ayj:qmwf;ej;rj:auj; wluf:vlif:uGj, rdlif:iImh:urf:vAofbof./ ulef:teftrf,qfG; efG:Odyf:auj.eh.qrf. ulef:wmif:erfauj; puf.ySif: qmwf;eh.auj; cdkef;b[,r[,OkifaObof.trf,uj: qmwf;ej;rj:auj; vh;Mwf;rdlif:zDbof./

ayj:yAefwh:auj.uefvlof,rD:erf.qfGvD qAwf:tef

1. ayj:pof:yh,vh;wgef; vh;yef pof:vlof,wgef;bdkef;yefuef clof:wgef;?

2. ayj:ref:wkuf.crj: vlof,wmif:qgh;xSrfrj:eh pof:wdkef:vlof,vh;qgh;xSrf?

3. awvh;oh.q[b[,q[bmof: qj.Nrf;cD vDNrf;Odlof:aO pAwf:auj.uefuGj,?

4. vgif;Odlif,Odrf: wh:auj.pof:eh. pof:wdkef:awtrf,vh;vmwf;seydlef;?

5. acj;uGmrf: tefvlof,Odlif,Odrf:eef.auj;awvh;Odlif,Odrf:yef tefvlof,vmwf;seeef.auj; awvh;vmwf;seaObof.oj; bj,P;vmwf;sez[?

6. ayj:xlyf:az:wkuf.crj:ehqdkif wdkef:awvh;qgh;xSrfuef?

7. awtrf,vh;rD:erf.q[ xmif,vAuf.uefawvh;rD:erf.q[ zAif,yAif:uef awtrf,vh;tofclof:cgifidkef:crf;aO wSuf;edlif:uef?

cofqAwf:auj.eh. yAefulef:vDvAef;auj.bof./


ulef:teftrf,vDpAwf:auj.qAwf:auj.

1. av,pjvmwf;se uGmrf:Odlif,uGmrf:Odrf:sewD;ydlef;?

2. trf,rD: vgif;uAifq[aO bgef:erfylef.wD;?

3. trf,tD:vl trf,puf.wh:auj.?4. awj:ObfGfG,ej,tj:vj:?5. erf.q[trf,rmef, wmif:ej;edkif;rAof:

wmif:vifedkif;rAof:?6. trf,rD:erf.q[Odkof;blof:?7. yj:uefudefvof; zgrf.uefpAwf:umef

vgif;trf,vD? trf,tgefuefpAwf:umef wj,qdlof.qmwf; qdlof.cldof: zj,Oj, Oj,Oej,qof;uof,?

ulef:qAwf:auj.eh. qmwf;eh.auj; trf,cd kef;bfG,aObof.trf,uj: qmwf;ej;rj:auj;vlif:rdlif:iImh: ulnf:bof./

ulef:vDtefoj;eef.qrf.

1. ulef:erf.q[vD q[bmof:?2. trf,rD:erfq[zSefOkif bgrf:wlofqof;

oh.wj,aO,?3. q[awj:Oat, trf,rD:erf.q[ c[;tof

sy.ykef;ydlef;?4. N.quf:ukif,rkefydlef;?5. trf,wlnf: wj,Okef,wlofqof;uof,ulnf:?6. trf,wlnf:pefwmif:zdwf:ydlef; omif:

cGmif:yefydlef; trf,wgif:oh.wmif:zdwf:ydlef;?7. trf,aO.se:ydlef; trf,av,pj wmif:

zdwf:ydlef;?8. trf,vh;q[pAwf:umefpmh. umefrdluf;?

9. vh;q[pAwf:umefvDukOlof, wgef;wj,ulef:wif:erf?

10.trf,pjac.cSif,ydlef;?11. oh.q[b[,q[bmof:aO bl,qgrf:uefuGj,/

ulef:qdlif.eheh. wdkef:yAefulef:uBrdlif:zDulef:vDrdlif:ulef:bof./

cj;pof:cof olef.oh.oj; awyAeftefvgif;vDN.vDuBmif.qgrf:aOsv; qif,vh;vdluf;tofacj;Oif,uGmrf:OgefTzj:yAefqof;pof:eh.aO O[,yef yD;egif.zl;vlvduf; qAifcrf:vSif:pof:cofbof.cj;/rkif;rgif:P;yD;egif.wh:pof:cj; rD:wh:auj.vD edkif;auj.eh. awvh;pAwf:pdkofaO pAwf:auj.uefuGj,qif,awyAefwh:auj.vDuefrj: tefoj;eef.?bof.auj; ulef:rD:ukif,rkefedlofpof:eh. pof:awvh;wgyf,ukif,rkefref:ckdef:? awtrf,vh;vdkrf:ukif,rkefref:? ayj:pof:vdkrf:ukif,rkefehqdkifqmwf;eh.auj; trf,ckdef;b[,r[,OkifaObof.trf,uj: qmwf;ej;rj:auj; qmif;wluf:rdlif:iImh:cj;sv; cSef:awj; rlef.sr:P;qmwf;eh.auj; ckdef;b[,r[,OkifaObof.trf,uj: qmwf;ej;rj:auj; P;Mwf;rdlif:zDaOurf:cj;J/

zkdeftdif-- ynfqr FYpfrukrjIouf? tuwnfnk Qmwf; tefrj:efG:yefej,Oowf.xk uAif:rh/ (Zif;r,fyPÖmo0w¬K)

rldof;bmrf:zgif: ykwf.xrkefOSifcrf:Tzj:yAefqof;pof: wkduf.rD:bl,qSif;vSif:eef. vif,uj,wDy tefvh;qkdof;oj; ukefOD,Nofeh. rD:oh.ukeff,ej,uwDyukefekdif;bl,bof./ uj;wD;ukeftgef,ej,uwDyeh. rD:oh. ckefeuj: qlavj:wvsv; rapj:wv Ogifauj. yl,vmefbl,bof./cofOgif,auj. yl,vmefeh. ugyf;yldof;pdrf yvif,OSifcAof teftof OSifywf.wrBj:cyf.oh.eef.aOyAefymifwkduf:uefoh.bl,bof./

ykwf.xrkefOSifcrf:Tzj:yAefqof;pof:eh.oh:aOyAefTzj:rj:bof. vh;pj;oj,yhmeef. bl,Oof:wD; owf.aqwoef,eef. bmrf:zgif:umife[Nofrldif:O[eef. tofwif:rmuf,wjcrf:ref:qof; rkif;wlnf: e[:vkuf;avj:uaO vh;pefrSef; ckefeuj: qlavjwvsv;rapjwvcofyl,vmefOgifauj.yD;egif. ugyf;yldof; pdrfyvifOSifcAofuefsv; vh;yAef ymifwkduf:uefeef.bl,bof./

]]rldof;eh. uofTzj:yAefqof; awuRuGj,wD;ukefejuwDyaO awpAwf:P; vgif;ymifwlduf:bkdof:uefeef. rgwf,bAefphmuGj,ugef}} olef.pefxkdifqkdif.eif,ehaO rkif;pefxkdifyj: ckefzDOrdwf.xdOkrebl,bof./

bdif: trf,ulof eD; qof;auj:od (zhmckef)

]]ckefzD Ordwf.xdOkreeh. rldof;qmwf;ugef,oef:vifeef. ref:qhm: vh;vl,wmef:vgif;Oifrj: vhmvhmat.}}eh tofOrefwnmef,ref:qof;aO rkif;wlnf:ck def:sv;ckefzD Ordwf.xdeh. rldof;zoqmwf;ugef,ugef,eef. bmrf:vh;yAefulef: wD;ukefej,uwD,y eef.rj:bl,bof./ rldof;ymef su;umifTzj:yAefqof; uOf.Oysv;auj:wreef.qof;yqf.aquykwf.xj,yj:ekdif; tefbl,Oof:wD;vh g uefxrj,weeef. vh;rj:wkif:Ogrf:aO rj:vkdof;Oof:wD; wlef;rh.emif:egef:tefawyAef xmwf;qAwf;Ij,qj,bweeef.aO rj:vkdof;Oof: Olif:Ogrf:ref:qof;bl,wD;eef;bof./ auj.tefawyAefrj: ckefzDOrdwf.xdOkreeef. vh;pefqof; yqf.aquykwf.xj,yj:eef.aO yAeftef rD:vgif;bkrf,brfeyf.xkdof, eldofref:qof;sv; uGj,uAyf:rj:o[rh.o[wguf,aO vl,wmef:yef wj,Okuf;ODvmif.Oydwf;ref:qof;bl,bof./

qhm:tgef,eef. ugyf;yldof; vh;vl,wmef:o[rh.o[wguf, wj,vmif.Oydwf;eef.sv; zgef:vDref: vh;rldof;yAef ckefzDbl,bof./ oh:aO vh;

qrf,yknf;zgef:vD rldif:zDbof. ymefTzj:yAef

EBO

P

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 152qof;pof: yGmif.ayj,rj:eh. vh;rj:yAefckefzD÷uf;cqlof: y[.wlef;rh.eif:egef: tefrD:pdrf:owf.aqwoef eef.bl,bof./

ykwf.xrkefOSifcrf:Tzj:yAefqof;eh. Mif.tofckefzD Ordwf.xdOkre tefy[.wlef;rh.emif:egef:eef.aO vmwf;oj; ]]ckefzDOrdwf.xdOkre uGj,qgrf:pof: Tzj:yAefqof;wD;ukefej,uwDyeef.ej;}} ehbl,bof./ckefzDOrdwf.xdOkreeh xgeftofyj: pmuf;wlef;rh. emif:egef:eef.aO pAwf:rldefeif,qgif;aO rkif:yefTzj:yAefqof; Orf.ayj:awj,Mwf;xkdif rldif:OD,Nof, ukefej,uwD,yeef.bl,bof./

ykwf.xrkefOSifcrf:Tzj:yAefqof;pof:eh.ayj::oj;Mwf;zSofxkdif ukefOD,Nofbof.qkdifuGj,bl,Oof: wD;eldof ckefeuj:cof yl,vmefyAefymifwkduf:uefeef.aO yefOAif rldefeif,zj.vif zj.rSyf; OSifb[ OAifvlifaO trf,uj:pAwf:P;vlrf:vlifzDNif xlof:rj: rkif;wlnf:wmif:v[auj; Orf.ayj:trf,pefOif P;ugif:umif,umifpof vrf:Odifwmefydwf:aO zgif:bmrf:auj.ekdif;sv;auj.ekdif; trf,pefuefeef.Ykwf.xrkefOSifcrf:Tzj:yAefqof;pof: tofwmif:tlrkefiof:ref:qof; Nuf:yldifeef. ykdif:xgif,ykdwf,uD; setlrkefref:qof;sv; ckefeuj:cofyl,vmefauj; yAeftefwluf:q[wluf:acj:aOomif:cldif;bdyf:z[ref:aO tgefuefrj: umef,awj:oh;Oj ykwf.xrkefOSifcrf:Tzj:yAefqof;bl,bof./

ykwf.xrkefOSifcrf:Tzj:yAefqof; tofwif:erf.qArf:omef xrf,rTwj:qof; apj:rguf,vmwf;se yef zgef:vD vgif;vh;zgrf.Nrf;uef

sv; ckefeuj: cofyl,vmefOgifauj.auj; N.ygif,qSif;vSif:vDuGj,aO ckdef:rSef;uefuGj,bl,bof./ayj:oj; ckefeuj: cofyl,vmefOgifauj. ckdef:rSef;uefbof.auj. Tzj:yAefqof; ckdef:uRrldof:ckdef: rldif:Ojowf.xd owf.aqwokef,bl,bof./vldofaOeef. P;ckefzD Ordwf.xdOkre sv;wlef;rh.emif:egef: ukdwf:y[.yj:wD;eef.bl,bof./ ckefeuj:cofauj; tofyvmifOSifcAofeef.pAwf:yAef yIdazj:uaqwD,aO tgefuef vkrf:vj: uef,awj:oh;Oj,bl,ul;oef:bof./

oh:aO ykwf.xrkefOSifcrf:Tzj:yAefqof;pof: tofyIdedyf.ymef,uGj,bof.eef. tefyAefyvmif,OSifcAofeef. ckefeuj:cof tgefueftofsw,yAef ugif:rl:xmwf;qSwf; Ol,b[,vlif bl,bof./ ugif:rl:vlifOl,eef.auj; wif,yefqkdof;ref:oj; ]]ugif:rl:Ij,qj,bwe}} eh yAeftefqkdof; OAifvkdof:vifoh.bl,sw.bof./

ugif:rl:xmwf;qSwf,Ij,qj,bweeh. yAefugif:rl:qkdof;OAifvkdof:vifOl,ekdif;sv; z[z[auj;tgefuef rj:oh;rj:Oj bl,sw.sw.bof./rldof;bmrf:ekdif; qif,rD:aO Ipmef:cofqof; Nuf:Odyf:qof; qkrf:ek dif;eh. ugyf;yl dof;c[;oh;Ojquf;zj,wdef tefrD:wD;vgh Orefwul,weef.sv; xmwf;ugif:rl:uvBj,eD, qldof:eef.aO tgefueftguf,cmof:wmif:rj:bl,bof./ oh:aOeef. Ipef:qof;Nuf:Odyf:eh. ugy f;y d lof;c[;oh;OjxSif; ugif:rl:xmwf;qSwf; Ijqjbweehsv; Okdyf,tguf,cmof:wmif:rj: wD;ukefejuwDyaO rj:oh;rj:Ojbl,bof./ cofqof;qldof:eh.oh;Oj, yl,aqj,umef,awj: xmwf;qSwf;ugif:rl:Ijqjbweeh. pef.awj,xkdif rldif:ayj:vSif:ymif,O[bl,ehbof./ ayj:oj; rldif:vSif:zj.ymif,

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 153O[bof.ehauj; cofqof; tgefuefsr:cAef: Omif,umef:z[ref:aO Myf,tofOydwf;z[ref:aOtguf.uGj, wlif:Ogrf:e[:omef;aOw trf,rD:z[vgif:Ogrf:sv; vh;ckdef:yj:rj: Oydwf; rldefrldof;yj:uGj,eef.ulnf:ehbof./

rldof;zgif: Ipmef:Nuf:Odyf:qof; ckdef:zmwf,bmef tguf,omef;rj:aO Mwf;xkdif Nofej;omef;eef. emif:bdif: tefxkuf,eD; tOyBj, Nuf:cef tefvh;qkdof;oj; ]]ejuj}}eh. awuGj,wAuf:erf.ehsv; rj:Nyf.nj: Ipmef:qof; Nuf:Odyf:eef.bl,bof./ ref:emif: eif;oh;OjaOwgif;xmrfoj; ]]qof;pof:cof tguf,wkif:Ogrf:sv;qgif,vh; cof;Ogrf:bl,cj;p}}ehsv; Ipmef:qof;cof ckdef:wgyf,oj; ]]bmrf:rldof;vAofeh. wkduf.yAefbmrf:Okif:Ogrf:e[bl, bdif:tgef,}}ehsv; bdif:tgef,ejuj,eh. N.ygif,oj; Ipmef:cofqof;trf,vh;Ogrf:ehsv; yAeftef wluf:q[wluf:acj:aO olef.Oguf;pj wj,Ipmef:qof;cof awvh;cof;Ogrf: bl,bof./ ]]uofeh. ugyf;yldof; ayj;sr;sv; vh;xkuf;eD;yldef; Nuf:cefaO vh;rj:yAefcj;q[.yldef;bl,bof.? rldof;vAofeh. wlofuofcj;awckdef:tofeD;xSif; wj,Nuf:cefaO vl,wmef: wj,cof;Ogrf:bof.}} ruf:ref; q[ref:emif:ql dof.eif,ehaO tofarj;erf.ref:wrf:omif:oh.wmif:ej; Ipmef:qof;cofaO vmwf;oj; ]]Ipmef:qof;cofcj; arjerf.cj;eh. uj;cmefref: rD:ekdif;rwf;ulnf:cj;? cj;emif: ckdef:Mwf;rj: rl dof;v[auj; qof;pof:cof bkdef.y[.yefaOurf:cj;}} eif,ehaO tguf,zmwf,bmefIpmefqof;cofaO rj:ql:wD;Ndef: qof;eD;aOvmwf;oj; ]]qof;eD;cj;J tofikdef:tOyBj,Nuf:cefaO yefcj;xSif;vl:}} ehbl,bof./

qof;eD; cdif:Oax: ckdef:vmwf;oj; ]]bdif:tgef,J r[:rD:yhm:olef. qldif.eif,pkdofxSif;vj,?r[:eh. xkuf,eD; tOyBj,Nuf:cefaO Orf.ayj:yAef cj;q[.yldef;bl,bof./ wj,awwSef:vh;eD;r[,ehauj; r[:bif: trf,rkif;pef? rkif;pefc[;vh;clof:cgifvmhyldef;ulnf:? ugyf;eh r[:c[;vh;ikdef:xSif;eh. rD:vgif;wmif:ref:qldif.pkdof vmwf;seuofvl:}} eif,ehbl,bof./ ayj;oj; cdif:Oax:eef. xmrfeif,eefbof.qkdif bdif:tgef,ej,uj, ckdef:wgyf,vmwf;oj; ]]uAof,vlnf; clof:cgifOax:pof:eh. uofcj; trf,rD:q[eldofref:?rldof;vAof uofcj;yAefcj;q[.eh. yAefcj;umifoef:ulnf:cj;? uofcj; awcmrf,pAwf:yAefyj: cj;q[.umifckdef:aO Ohm;yef P;wArfxlef;ulnf:cj;?ugyf;eh toftOyBj, Nuf:cefaO yefuofcj;ulnf:vj;}} eif,ehbl,bof./ qof;eD; cdif:Oax:auj; ]]ayj:eefauj; vDbof. vDbof.}}oj;ehaO tofik def: tOyBj,Nuf:cmefaObkdef;yef ref:emif:bl,bof./

bdif:tgef, ej,uj,eh. ayj:oj;vh;ik def:tOyBj, Nuf:cefbof.qkdif uGj,Okdof.tof cof;Ogrf: qgrf:Ndef: tefrD:e[:omef;eef. ekdif;Ndef: ekdif;tOyBj,aO wj,ikdef;Nuf:cefeef.vh;cof;Ogrf:Nuf:Odyf:owf;(apj,)aO rj:vl,wmef: Ipmef:qof;cof Nuf:Odyf:yj:eef.bl,bof./ ayj:oj; ref:emif: vl,wmef: cof;Ogrf:bof.qkdif ref:emif:vmwf;se vgif;wj,awvh;rj: cof;Ogrf: Nuf:Odyf:owf;(apj,)eh.wD;Ipmef:qof;cof eif,ehbl,bof./

]]cj;wuj,rbdif:tgef, oh;Ojqof;pof:coful;qof;bl,cj;? idef:xgrf,yef acj;uGmrf: cj;bdif:zgif;cj;? eldofeifvdefrldif:eh ulef:auj.

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 154tef awrldefcj;bdif:eh. awtrf,rD:z[vh;cj;?yAefulef: ej;vAuf.wjegh. auj.ekdif;cj;? ugyf;yldof;Oifvj ayj;ehqkdif cj;emif:eh. wD;ykdif;tdifauj;trf,rD:? ikdef:crf:auj; trf,rD:? xkuf,eD;yldef;aO trf,wSef:vh;ckdef:sv; vh;rj:yAef zocj;q[.yldef;cj;atj;? trf,rD:yD;egif. qldof.cldof:aO vh;bl,Oof:ulnf:cj;? rldof;vAof ugyf;yl dof;c[;vl,wmef: cof;Ogrf:zuf:Ogrf: qof;pof:cofej,sv; cmrf,yAef cj;q[.umifckdef:yj:ugef,cj;?ugyf;eh qof;pof:cof pyf.Okif:yef cof;Ogrf:bdif:tgef,xkuf,eD; bdif:tgef,ulef:zmefaOurf:cj; }} vmof;vmwf;se eif,ehbl,bof./

bdif:tgef,ejujeh. ayj:oj; rguf,vmwf;sevgif;ref:emif: wj,vh;rj: cof;Ogrf:eef.bof.qkdif oh;Ojpef.xkdifq[aO bdyf:tof arj;erf.ref:emif:aO ckdef:yguf;rldof:Ndef: qof;eD;cdif:Oax:eef.bl,bof./ Ipmef:qof;cof feef. ayj:oj;vh;idef:acj;uGmrf: bdif:tgef,ej,uj,eef.bof.qkdif ]]vDbgif;abj: vDtmrf:atj:sw.sw.bof.}}eh tgefuef rD:vgif;tmrf:atj: z[ref:aO pyf.tofcof;Ogrf: z[ref:bof. rj:vkdof;Oof: wD;erf.egif tefvh;qkdof; rpjejr tefrD:wD;xldef, rkqvdefwoeeef.bl,bof./ ayj:oj; Ipmef:cofqof;vkdof;Ndof.uwf:bAefq[bof.qkdif qof;tefyj:b[,vldofaOyldef; Oif,caxIeef. rguf,vmwf;oj; ]] qof;pof:cof wif:OAif;cj;J pof:qldof:eh.yAefwD; qof;wj,ecof;Ogrf:cof zkuf,Ogrf;sv;yAefvdefvDxgwf;rBmwf;aO vDvh; Oku f;wlofODq[z[ref: P;zlduf,qkdef;cmofO[bl,bof.?ayj:bmif:wkduf.rD: Ij,u awj:O arj:pbl,sw.

cof;Ogrf:zuf:Ogrf:tefeh. pof:yh,xkuf,vDOkif:}}eh rguf,vmwf; acj;Oif,uGmrf:Ogefyefeif,ehbl,bof./

qof;rpj,axIsv; Ipmef:qof;qldof:eef.tgefuefedrfwlofedrfq[aO rkif;wlnf:Oguf;pjOazj:Oif,cj,I yAefbof.vk? vkbof.ckdef:yAeftrf,vh;uwf:bAefaOyguf;eh tofTwj: odyOf.Oej, rkif;brf;wlnf:xkdifsv; tgefuefpkyf;vh; ywdOrfzDwj,aO wluf:yAefIpmef:wj,uGj,ul;qof;bl,bof./ Ipmef:wj, Nuf:Odyf:qof;eef. zdwf;rguf,tof zDy[.xldef,qldof:eef.rj:Nrf;N. Oj,xktofaObof. qif,ugh; tgefuefOkif:Ogrf: tefbdif:ulef:zmeftgef,ej,uj,vl,wmef:rj: eef.bl,bof./

ayj:oj;Ipmef:Nuf:Odyf:qof;eef. pyf.Okif:Ogrf:bdif:tgef,eef.qkdif ugyf;yldof; pSif:Owf;xj, bdif :ej,uj, wAr fxlef;vDsv;OifIpmef:qof;cofauj; rD:vgif;wkdof:urf qef.Okifsv;Oif zDcofwmif:vhm tgefuef Nrfqlrf:Mif.Ojxk Ojxk Ojxk Omrfurf:bl,bof./ e[:uj;zDMif.Ojxkeef. yj:oh.yj: zDy[. qgif;zlduf,qof;rkefb[,ckefapjcrf:vlifbl,bof./

ugyf;eh qof;rkefb[,ckefapjcrf: qif,xmrfoj; ]]emif:zDJ r[:emif:zD Mif.Ojxkeh. Ojxkvlnf; uofpAwf:umefvDukOlof,p? trf,eef yldef;aOauj.auj. pAwf:umefvDukOlof,p}} eif,ehbof./ emif:zD y[.qgif;zlduf,eef. qif,ckdef:wgyf,oj; ]]uofcj; Mif.Ojxkvlnf; qof;pof:pAwf:umefvD trf,q[;cj;}} rguf,vmwf;sevgif;ref: vh;Mif.Oj,xkeif,ehbl,bof./]]qof;rkefb[ckefapjcrf:cj;J uj;wD;ukefejuj

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 155wDyjeef. bdif:ulef:zmeftgef, tefvh;qkdof;oj; ejujeh. wlofqof;uof, xkuf,eD;oh. tOyBj,Nuf:cefaO yAefoh.cj;q[.yldef;bl,aOw wj,awvh;umyf;Ogrf: Ipmef:qof;Nuf:Odyf:eef.bgef:tof eD;xSif; ikdef:tOyBj,Nuf:cefaOwlofqof;uof, cmrf,yAefcj;q[. umifckdef:yj:xSif;bl,bof./ tofikdef: tOyBj,Nuf:cefeef.aOpjOkdof. cof;Ogrf:zmuf:Ogrf: ekdif;Ndef: ekdif;tOyBj,aO vh;rj: cof;Ogrf:zuf:Ogrf:eef.tofrj: vl,wmef: Ipmef:qof; Nuf:Odyf:eef.bl,bof./ Ipmef: Nuf:Odyf:qof;eef.auj;ykdif;tdif cof;Ogrf:zuf:Ogrf: bdif:tgef,ej,uj,eef. vh;tIpwf;xrmuf; tIpwf;xzlof,aOwluf: yAefIpmef:wj, uGj,bl,bof./ ugyf;yldof;ehuofcj; idef:qlrf:qgrf: umefvDukOlof, bdif:tgef,ulef:zmef ej,uj,eef.aO qif,vh;Mif.Oj,xk Nrfqlrf:qgrf: ukOlof,ref:emif:bl,bof.}} rguf,vmwf;se qof;rkefb[, ckefapj:crf: eif,ehbl,bof./

qof;r kefb[, ckefapjcrf:eh. ayj:oj;vh;idef:acj;uGmrf: emif:zDy[.qgif;zlduf,ref:vmwf;se eif,eefbof.qkdif Mif.rj: emif:bdif:tgef,ej,uj, sv;qof;eD;Oax:eef.rj:ql:aO wSef:yef eD;uof,eD;r[, wD;qof;eD;Oax:eef.aObof. vlwf:yefyj: zoymefyAefcj;q[.yldef;bl,bof./ vldofaOeef.wgef;yefyj: Ol:vmyf; ukefej,uj,wD,yj, bl,bof./ tofikdef:crf: clof:cgiful;vgif;vgif;aOwgef;Ol:yefyj:xSif; wmif:erfbl,bof./ sw,tofbmrf:rldof; qof;rkefb[,ckefapjcrf: wgef;Ol:yefeef.sv; ukefwD;eef;auj; qyf:qkdof;oh.oj; ]]ukefejujwDyj}} ehbof./

ugyf;yldof;eh bdif:tgef,ej,uj,eh. vkuf.wD;zoymefyAef cj;q[.xkuf,eD;yldef;aO wj,zoqof;uof, ayj:awylef.vh; zoqmwf;ymefcj;q[.yldef;eef. trf,ulof,eD;aO tofeD;r[,Owf;xj,Twj:eef.aO wSef:ckdef:eD;uof,Orf,OIj,sv; zoqmwf;ymefref:emif:eh.vh;bAef:yAefuGj, zoqmwf;ymef Oax:vlifuG j,bl,bof./ bdif:Oax:tgef,ej,uj,eh.tofikdef:crf: clof:cgifqof;uof, rD:oh.qldof:eef.aO Okdyf,pAwf:Omif; umefvDukOlof, xSrfOmif;yj,IrD, ul;cmof:bmrf:xSif;sv; oh:aO vh;whmqmwf;ymef zorldif:ulef:bof.eef. vh;rldof:Oldof:vlnf; zoqmwf;ymefvD wD;r l dif:zDeef.bl,bof./

qof;auj:od (zhmckef)

zkdeftdif-- (rxkI) IOojpdeDowf;xk/

- ykdef:ejujwjbdujrowf;xk/

wmif:olef. vkuf;tgef,tgef,qmh: auj.ugj,wD;ymifq ulef:OAif;umrf,?

zldof,xkdifwD; udefcof;rj: tlnf:auj.ref: auj.tef sr;cof OAif;ugj,eef. Orf.tOmif,pmif;cSefref: vgif;udefwmif:bSrf.oh.sv; ref:qif,oj; ]]tmh:Jr[:pmif;cSefcgifej,? yhg,ymifq sr;pof:rj:ugef,ugj;r[: trf,tmef:vAif.r[: tD;Oif}}ehbof./

tmh;wksw.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ulof

emh:auj.ekdif; olef.vgif;wmif:wmhwD;eldofwlofqof;uof,aO qif,Oif,vmwf;wD;pif: vkuf;vmefref:oj; ]]ayj:uofwmhuGj,eh ugrf, tefawO[,uofeef. pAwf:yefb[,b[,uGmif;uGmif; tdwf:edkif;ej;}}/vkuf;/ / yAefOifcj;vj,`emh:/ / uofulof xlnf;q[trf,tdrf,tdlof; ehbof./

tmh;vl:wdkof (rdlif:ukwf;)

trf,wArfqgh. vkuf;tgef,wh: tefbl, wD;rldif:Oefvgheef.auj.edkif; rj:pAwf:xmifOSifrldif:ukwf;? bgef.trf,bmrf;vlif:xmifsv; oef:aw,vlif:xmifeef. TOj,Nofxmif qif,Oif,vmwf;pif: tmh;wh:eef.oj; ]]zgif:uofrD:w[;xmifeef. Oifwluf:vlif:rj:auj;vD tdof(yefOAif)aO yefzmif.rj:ej;}}ehoh.sv; tmh;wh:eef. bl,eldofxmifaOy[.wlnf:oh.bl,bof./ zgif:eef. trf,Omif,xkuf,aO ugef;vdeftgef, wluf:vlif:uGj,sv; tmh;wh:eef. eSwf;yefOAifzmif.bof. ]]wluf: J}} TOj,Nofxmifauj;ayj:oj;vh;idef:uGmrf:yefzmif. rj:bof.eh eSwf;bmif,yhm;bof.? Orf.ulnf:yAef ugef;vdeftgef,sv; qif,q[vrfaO oj;pif:thm;wh:eef.oj;]]cD;uofulnf:vj; wluf:tdwf:wluf:tgwf:rj:ulnf:bj,aytdofavj,? wif:euf: wmef,edkif;qgh.qldof:eh.uGj; ydlef;qif,tdof}} ehbof./ vlduf;trf,av, bl,urf:uSyf.tgef, rmuf,pdefvkuf;ekdif; wluf:vlif:uGj,bof. wdlof.O[,Nof TOj,Nof

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 158xmifaO tofygif,uGj,sv; TOj,Nofxmif qif,vj,pif:tmh;wh:bof. ]]rmuf,pdef wluf:rj: wjr[: trf,pefp}} ]]peftdlof;}} ]]pAwf:Oif Orf.trf,tdofvj,}} ]]rmuf,pdefeef.wif:euf:ref: bgef.rD:rguf;qAwf: cefpj;ulnf:sv; qif,trf,tdoftdlof;}}]]wmhapvj; qof;tlnf.J}}/

thm;vl:wkdof (rldif:ukwf;)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Orf.trf,vmwf;qArfqof.

ygh:wmif,xD:ugif:rl:qkrf.rdlif:OSif wD;omef;J/yD;egif.wD;qrfwD;uhauj; tgefuefzSofrj:bl,wif:erf? bmrf:eef. Nofvl,cdif:uj,vdef,(bgef.trf,uh.vh;bdyf:rSuf.sv; qlrf:ej,aOuh.bdyf:rSuf. vmwf;vmwf;umof,umof, bl,wif:oef:bof.) vmwf;O[,e[:rSuf.uGj,oj; ]]phvlifJ phvlifyD;egif.pof:cof qdlof:rj:Nrf;vl,Nrf;wmef: omef;w[;omef;edlof wD;qrfwD;uh pof:cofcj;J cSef:awj; tgefuefuGj,pyf.tofwj,cof;yef wD;uRif:Okif:Ogr f:eef. aOurf:cj; J phvlifJphvlifJ zl;J zl;J}}

ayj:oj;vh;idef:uGmrf:Nofvl, aOj,ehauj;yD;egif.cof tgefuefvkuf.aO ywf:rkef;ywf:pof Okuf;rkdof:bof. Ogif.uGj,ql: wD;uRif: Okif:Ogrf:?Orf.vh;idef:OAifymof,xSif; rj:oj; ]]phvlifJphvlifJ zl;J zl;J qmrf:OAif rSuf.ulnf:cj;zl;J zl;J}}ehbdkif/


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

zlefNof;wD;qgrfrj:

uyf.yD,cof vmwf;uGmrf:vldif:uGmrf:cSof:ej,sv;wuf.uj,e[:omef;cof tgefuefrj:vof;rkefqof;]]qof;TOj,cj;J uyf.yD, wD;uRif:qof;TOj,pof:eh.vdlif:ej,cj;J cSef:awj;Oif,Ogefyef tdwf:edkif;cj;}}eh urf:eef. rkefqof; qif,cdkef:ygif.xj.uGj,oj; ]]tjJ q[;sw.apvj;J tmh;Owf:tmh;olof: tmh;uGmh: tmh;ySwf;vmhqdlof:eh. vdlif:ej,tdlof;r[:}} ehbof./


~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

zl;bAef,si;qkrf:bAef,si;qkrf:edkif; rdlof:ydkwf,bAef,si;

wD;omef; tmh;vmof:xmif.cof? oef:aw,zSof Nofcrf;eef. tkyf,ukrfwlif.wuf.uef wif:ulef:omef;ulef:Olefcofbl,? bgef.yAef yD;egif.omef;eguf;ej:ymif,(wh:edlof)sv; vmwf;uGmrf:trf,ayj:arj atj;qof;atj;cj; vmwf;uofuofr[:r[:bl,sv; tmh;vmof:xmif. qif,vmwf;qdrfO[,se qkrf:bAef,si;cof oj; ]]Olqof;rj:ydkwf,yef ymifbAef,si;eh. Nrfqlrf:bl, e[:omef;eh.yAefulef:vldif:vmhvmh awj;trf,vdlofaO tefarjvmwf; ]]cj;pof: cj;pof:}}eh. rD:]]uof}}auj.vAofulnf: ehbof./

tmh;vl:wdkof (rldif:ukwf;)

qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 159pAwf:uAif;ulnf:

rD:qof;Omif,yj:edkif; uGj,pjyj wuf.uj,Orf.rj:pefrSef;sv; rdlof:vmwf;rkefqof; xdkifwmrf:crf;rj: qof;Omif,cofyguf;cdkef:uRif:aOrkefqof; qif,xmrfoj; z[vmhvmh uGj,pjyjaujrd lof;eh. rj:eh;vl:ehsv; qof;Omif,cofuGj,ql:rkefqof;aO ]]cj;ay:cof trf,vh;pjcj;}}oj;eh rkefqof;qif,cd kef:oj; Okwf:wD;oj;wuf.uj,cof ayj:rj:vmwf;ehsv; qof;Omif,cofqif,vdif.vmwf;oj; ]]cj;ay:cof pAwf:uAi f;ngyf:ulnf:cj;}}ehsv; rkefqof;qif,cdkef:oj;]]pAwf:uAif;tefoj;eef. rdlefpdkofoh.vj, qof;cofngyf:ygh,ngyf:ygh,oh.pj.}} ehbl,bof./

vmofqmif.qAwf: (rdlif:wmif;)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

ulnf;

rD:wh: rmef; tif:udwf. Omrfauj. cD,uj:uGj,qgrf:uefsv; auj.yAefrmef;Orf. vh;apj;uj:tmh;wh:Orf. pefulnf;sv; Mif.OSef, oj;]]ulnf;}} ehbof. rmef;Orf. trf,ygif,q[aOxmif,oj; ]ulnf.} ehsv; eSwf;ydef,vdif. ulnf.iguf: Nofuj: uGj,zj,nj: wlef;ulnf;aO uSrf;ref:ayj:qAyf:? tif:udwf.Orf. pefulnf;sv; Mif.OSef,oj; ]]yj;ej:ej:}} rmef;Orf. trf,ygif,q[sv; xmif,oj;]yj:ej,ej,} ehsv; rmef; q[vrfawj,wh: wif:tif:u dwf. urf:b[,urf:vlifbl,bof./

vmofqmif.qAwf: (rdlif:wmif;)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

tefpSif:aOydlef;

rD:ulef:Omrfauj. yAeftlnf:auj.uef rj:xlyf:uef wD;w[;wlef;rh.vlifwlef;ekdif;aO tkyf,uef? tkyf,uGj,tkyf,rj: tmh;wj,auj.ekdif; Orf.xmrfoj; e[:clif:umifvlifeh. tefpSif:aOydlef;yAefwlofOif` wgyf,sv; ayj:z[vh;oj; ]]atj;}}eh ref:Okrf:bof.ehsv; xSif;auj.edkif;Orf.wgyf,oj; yAefqmif.tdlof;? tmh;xSif;auj.ekdif;Orf.oj; yAefyjtdlof; tmh; yjeh. wlofb[,aOydlef;vlif ehaO cjOrf. cdkef:xmrfoj; r[:vl: awoj;yAeftD;Oifvj, ehsv; ref:auj; rj:wof.umif:olef.uGj,olef.rj:aO wgyf,oj; yAefrlwf.tdlof;uofoj;sw.ehsv; cjOgifauj.auj; wif:clofwif:xmrfref:cdkef:oj; rlwf.wlofvAuf.vAuf.tgef,ulnf:pAwf:pdkofsv;oj; pSif:aOydlef;vj, tmh; ehsv;ref:cdkef:wgyf,oj; cldoftrf,olef.wlnf:vj, rlwf.cofeh. zgif:cof uGj,awj.wmif:udefcofeef.ugef;wmif:udefcof b[,aOwlofcofauj; cofbif:ay.vh; trf,q[;pj.? wloftefcldofoj;eef.qgif,cof away.vh;pdkof tefb[,aOwlofcofeh.ehsv; cjOgifauj.auj; trf,qmif;oj;pdkofbof.aOqif, Nrf;uefoj; ]]atj;}} ehbof./

puf.cdlof: (rldif:udkif)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

ST

1. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J wj,zl;wSrf;vduf;wh:ekdif;auj. tofumefwSrf;vduf;wh:aO ayj:awpAwf:umefvAif.wgif.ref:ugj,eh qgif,awyAefvh;cj;pj.? wj,awyAefvh;eef. awvh;cdkifumefref:eif,pdkofcj;/

awj,bgwf; oAif:omef;arj, rdlif:cmif/

wgyf,= bl,wD; erf.uwf. zl;wSrf;vduf;tldof;/ayj:ref:cSef,? arjwSrf;cSrf.ckduf.? ulef:rldif:uBLduf;vl? uBLduf;wlnf: vduf;ref:erf ayj:ehaw. tofpAwf:umef vAif.wgif.vh;bl,/ ulnf:uj; Oifoj;yAefarjsr awj.sw.tgef,ulnf: ayj:ehaw.olef.bmyf,bl,/ wj,awyAefvh;aw. vmh:ref:vlof,zkduf: P;yAef zl;wSrf;vduf;cSef,cSef,? wSrf;yefvduf; rAof:tefyAefzgef:vD wj,ulef:rldif:ulnf:aOtrf,uj: Orf.vlof,arjyefpSif: ymifOgefvduf;vmh:wh:qldof:eh.tldof;/

2. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J e[:qAifcrf:vSif:edkif;yyf.edkif;yyf.eh. qgif,O[,yefvduf; OgifOmrftef tefq[.wdkof:oh. qdkof;ymhurftefvAof/

awj,bgwf; oAif:rmef;arj, rdlif:cmif/

wgyf,= O[,yefbl,/ wj,qAifcrf:vSif:eh.tdifeldofrl,vduf;aO vlduf;O[,oh.tldof;/ trf,q[;

sv; vlduf;qkdof; qof;ymhurf/ ayj:rl,vduf;ref:cSrf.?rD:zgef:vD wj,ulef:rldif: eldofumef zj,Oj, vduf;vmh: ymh:bl,vDqugj,qkdif wkdef:vlduf;O[,wduf:wduf:bof./

3. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J e[:ej;Oldof; qAifcrf:vSif:eef. pmif;vkuf;tgef,Mrf:rdkof:bl,oh.eef.pAwf:Oif Orf.trf,vh;pef pmif;tgef,qmh:cj;vj,? Orf.xSif; pmif;Tzj: pmif;ugif:rl: tefO[,edlofej;Odlof;yyf.eef. Oifulnf: awO[,pmif;ugif:rl: pmif;Tzj: e[:rdlif:wh:ugj, vgef.vgef.ehtrf,cSrf.cj;pj./

awj,bgwf; oAif:omef;arj; rdlif:cmif/

wgyf,= ulef:bdyf:ugif;xh,ref: uh.pef vkuf;tgef,bdif:ulnf:blof.aej;/ vgif;O[,cSyf:pmif;vkuf;tgef,eef. ref:yAefumef pmyf,ygrf:ulnfwj,qAifcrf:vSif:ulnf:? trf,q[; umefvgif;b[,/bgef.eefsv; tofref:Omif,awj,oj;ulnf:?imh;q[eif,pkdofauj; O[,ugj,eif,eefulnf:/ trf,oh.yAefvgif;b[,aO omif:cyf.sw."wldof,"/ pmif;Tzj:? pmif;ugif:rl:tefoj;eef. ayj:O[,pmif;tefrD:e[:rldif:wh:ulnf:auj; wh:pof: qldof:trf,

161qAifcrf:vSif: 1 1 1 1 1

bmrf;pef ugif:rl:rldif:yldef;? Tzj:rldif:yldef;eef.wkdef:aw trf,bmrf;pef bmrf;Mwf;aOtrf,uj: pmif;ref:ulnf:auj; awtrf,vh;pefyj:eef.ej,/ vldofaOeef. Tzj:eh. trf,q[;Tzj:wj,wh:wlnf:? ref:yAefTzj: wj,vkrf;zywf:ykdef.? pmif;ugif:rl:sv;Tzj: tefrD:bl, e[:vkrf;zwif:OAif;auj; ref:uyf:umh,yj:wh:bl,?yldef;auj; vDpkvgif;pof:? pof:auj; vDpkvgif;yldef;olef.eif,ehsv; rmifyguf;auj; O[,yj: pmif;Tzj:?ugif:rl: rldif:yldef;tldof;/

4. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J zgif:bmrf:oduj,veef. Oiftguf,q[Owf.xj,aq,wej,c[;vl,Ogrf: trf,eef wmif:udefaOydlifydlif wD;Ipmef:cofeh qgif,awvl,vh;cj;? qgif,awyAefukOlof,cj;/

awj,bgwf; oAif:omef;arj, rldif:cmif/

wgyf,= vl,vh;bl,/ yAefukOlof,bl,/ vgif;Okif:trf,Okif:eef. yAefumef qof;tefpyf.Mif:ref:ulnf:? trf,q[;umef qof;wj,eref:bof./

5. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J ayj:ydlef;rj:vuf.clof:cgifpof:aOtefteffeh ydlef;oj; ]qmwf;ugef,pof:bmrf;vuf.ydlef;}eheef. q[;bl,cj;p/bof.auj; ayj:ydlef;vuf.clof:cgifpof:ugj,aOteftefsv; pof:Orf.aOvmhsv; cdkef:ugj,vuf.clof:cgifydlef;wmif,auj.eef. qgif,pof:rD:wmif:zdwf:cj;? cSef:awj;qAifcrf:vSif:pof: wgyf,yefzgif;cj;/

qmh:bgwf;vSif: pmh:yj/

wgyf,= ayj:olef. vgif;olwf;wgyf, olwf;wSef:aw.auj; rldefeif,oj;eef.bof.? bgef.pof:

qof;uof, bmrf;vuf.yldef;sv; yldef;qif,vuf.clof:pof:ckdef:-ehbof./ acj;Okdof;ref:aw. yldef;vuf.clof:pof:aOw trf,vDoh.q[tj,cjwaOrlrf,ySif:vgif;qoh.bl, wD;rmuf,Nofq[qof;uof,aOP;arjbldef.uef;vh;tldof;/

ayj:pof: qof;uof, oh.q[ wgyf,wSef:aO ugj,vuf.clof:cgifyldef;auj; ygif,oj; qof;uof, yAefulef:auj,olwf; auj,wmrf,aO trf,sy,ymuf;ySwf;vh;q[trf,vDulnf:tldof;/ wkdef:rD: wmif:zdwf:tldof;?rj trf,rD:wmif:pkaO clyf:pof:sv; pof:qof;uof,Orf.ck def:ydef,clyf:rjeef. qgif,awxkuf,-vlof,olef.Ogef,eif,ehaO bldef. P;vh;bof./

6. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J ayj;sr;wif:Ogiftrf,yh,zmwf,uef? ulnf:uj; coftrf,ayj:arjygif,q[edlofuefsv; Oifugj,Oyf:vSif:rguf,vmwf;yefeh qgif,pof:cj;awzdwf: odemh: Odnf,qIdwf.w Oduf.cj,ykuf;cj;pdkof/

qof;erf.wgif/

wgyf,= vlof,ygif,q[ acj;uGmrf: e[:Oduf.cj,ykuf;]OdnfqIdwfw} tefoj; ]Qjbwfwae oj=c[;P;yAefar:auj;sv;Oif? QjIwfwae oj=c[;P;yAefzlofauj;sv;Oif}eheef.tldof;/ ugrf.uj;coftrf,xkuf,arjuefsv; vmwf;yef P;cofxkuf,arjuefulnf:aw. trf,zdwf:/ bgef.oj;cofwkdef:yAef zlofyAefar:uefbl,bof.eef.bof./

7. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J Odef rkOj,oj,wsv; acj;uGmrf:ref; uwdOwf.qj,eh. wD;ygif,cofqgif,tguf,imh:rdlefuefwD;cj;/

qof;erf.wgif/

162 qAifcrf:vSif: 1 1 1 1 1

wgyf,= trf,imh:uef/ OdefrkOj,oj,weh.vh;pyf.Mif:tof wrf;qof;yefOdef? vh;uBmif.urfugj,awj,qlof;aO uwdOwf.qj, tefoj;eef.Orf.vh;tofuBmif.urf awj,zl;tefwif:qof;uof,ref;uGmrf:oh.wD;uef? cmof:tefref;uGmrf:oh. wD;uefeef.ulnf:tldof;/

8. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J Oifayj;sr;wif:Ogifylwf:ygh,cef,xj, vyf.vghidkef:vghcrf:ugj,ySwf;pof:bof.eh bl,e[:Oj,Oej,ohoAef:Omif,umef:aOqgif,vDoh;Oj÷uf;cef,xj,cofcj;/

qof;erf.wgif/

wgyf,= trf,vDoh;/ ayj:tof yldifOj,Oej,ykwf.xoj;aw. qof;Ipmef:eh. wkdef:vDoh;Tzj:sv; qof;Ipmef: tefcmrf,qmif:tgefwmif: wlofuof,eef.ulnf:/

9. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J uh.av,idef:oj; ayj:rmof,xof; Omofxof;cofwmheh ydlef;tofwkrfulnf;O[,avj:e[:ugrf,cofaO ugj,zmifehatj;? bdlif:qdlif.pdkofaOpAwf:eefcj;/

pmof:cdlof: rdlif:udkif/wgyf,= e[:yldifOj,Oej,aw. vgif;ySwf;

rmof,xof; Omofxof;wmheh. trf,oj;Oifoh./Ogef,oj; yAefwlofwmhsv; vlof,tofugj,ySwf; uj;emef.ekdif;ulnf:/ ymh:pef(ojW) tefoj;eh.uofwif;ckdef; rAof:ekdif;? ref:wif;ckdef; rAof:ekdif;sv; e[:vkrf;zvlifeh. rD:oh. ymh:pefwif:erfwif:vmhbof./ rldefeif, qmof:cldof: wdySwf.cof Orf.oj; wlofulef:wmheh. ]vlof,tofvAif.emif:wtldof; qif,vh;ukOlof,} Orf.oj;ehaOz[wmhauj; wkdef:tofugj,baO thg,emif:wcofwD;yj,pAof;bof./

10. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J puf.rSwf.wj,sv;puf.wef,pj,eh. ydlif;uefqdlif.pdkofcj;/

pmof:cdlof: rdlif:udkif/

wgyf,= puf.rAwf.wj,eh. yAefwj,qhg;xSrf zl;tefpof:puf.eef. P;ref:vh;bl,imh;Oof:vlrfaO puf.wef,pj,Orf. c[;tofauj.tefpof:puf.eef. rj:yAefaq:qdrf, ykef;ymif;wlofuof,tldof;/acj;abj;ref:aw. puf.rAwf.wj,eh. yAefwj,qhg;? puf.wef,pj,eh. yAefwj,vh;? wj,tof-vDygif,q[eif,ehbof./

11. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J e[:qmwf;ymefulef:edkif;qmwf;eh. sr;bdif:trf,oj;? ulef:qmh:trf,oj; cmof:bmrf:tefcofauBj,Okwf:sv; rD:wmif:Odlof:Okwf:eh. yAefcmof:bmrf:v[vmhvmhcj;/

pmof:cdlof: rdlif:udkif/

wgyf,= bl,wD; wlef;q[cof OlifuBLduf;ulnf:?auj.ekdif;sv;auj.ekdif; wkdef:trf,rldefuefvh;/c[;yAefz[yAef oef:tefMwf;xkdif bldif:rmh tefwlofuof,tAef:tmef:oh.eef.aw. wkdef:yAefoef:tefvDauBj,q[vldofyldef;- vDygif,q[ eif,ehbof./

12. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J idkef:crf:eh. rj:tgefwmif: wif:puf.cj;p? wmif:puf.eh. rj:tgefwmif:idkef:crf:cj;p? qAifcrf:vSif:pof: wgyf,yefaOurf:cj;/

OdlofvSof:pmef omef;zmh,

wgyf,= tdifeldof wmif:vlof, ulef:auj.v[auj.eeff.ulnf:/ ulnf:uj; ulef:umrf.yj;erfeh. ayj:pef auj.pmif;vDxkuf,wjqkdif wkdef:qmif;arjuBLduf;aO ayj:uBLduf;bof.sv; vh;tkyf,vmwf; qj


awj,uefauj; wkdef:qmif;arjpuf.uefrj:bof./ulnf:uj; urf;zgif;aw. bgef.trf,c[;cmrf, wmrf,ugwf:pAef;uSef:zmefsv; vlduf;pjpuf. ulef:rD:ikdef:cofauj; Orf.rD:eif,uof,sv; qif,oj; tdifeldof wlef;q[auj.v[ auj.eef.ulnf: qif,oj;ehbof./

13. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J wlef;rguf,rmuf,uSrf;cgif, tefcj;zkuf,oh.e[:Olefeef. ayj:cj;cdkef:ugj,q[:wlnf:eh Orf.ayj:wluf:Nif;ugj,OAif; eldofwlef;ref:auj; edkif;wlef;eh udkwf:rguf; Nuf:vkuf;qAwf:vkuf;ulnf:? awoj; cj;trf,Odwf:bj;sp.rlif;rSif:auj; Orf.OAwf:sp.bl,? ugyf;vgif;Oif?qAifcrf:vSif:pof: wgyf,yeftdwf:edkif;cj;/

Odlof;vSof:pmef omef;zmh,/

wgyf,= wlef;rmuf, rmifrAof:eh. zgif:ref:wkduf.rguf,bl,sv; uGef:zh: tkdif;nj:ref:auj;wkdef:qmif;arjNif; arjvlef,tldof;/ awj;trf,Oif rmuf,zdwf.eh. urf;zgif; uBLduf;qD,aOudeftrf,q[;pkdofvj,/ ulnf:uj; rldof;zgif:qD,eef.ayj:trf,ydwf:uSef;ref:aO qD,yj:uSef;qkdifrmuf,zdwf. tefukdwf:wD;wlef;ref:qldof: eef.wkdef:qmif;Nif;vlef,qgrf:bof./ ayj:yAefeefaw. vmh:su,ref: vh;ydwf:tof tefukdwf:eef.aO ugj,yhg,vgif;erf.tldof;/ rmuf,uSrf;cgif;eef.auj; oj;vj:auj; ac:qmif;yAefeefbl,pkdof/trf,eefauj; rmuf,tkdef; rmuf,omef rmuf,qguf:eh.uh.uif: bgef.tofwlrf;aO wj:Nofbof./ ayj:yAefeefqkdif vmh:su;ref: Orf.vh;tof erf.rkuf;Olrf;(erf.pmof:cof;) ugj,Nwf:yef wD;iof;wlef;ref:ckdef:tldof;/ qmrf:wlnf:sv;/

14. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J MrfOmrfMrfeh. tmhMrfOj,Oej,? tmhMrfrguf,bj;cof;wSuf,? tmhMrfzl;rD:ynf,nj, eif,uj;MrfOmrfMrfeh. qSuf,szyef P;vkuf;pAef:vh;N.xdkifaOurf:cj;/

cAwf.vj:Mrf au:OD:/

wgyf,= OSofMrf OD,v? OSofMrf yh,nj,sv;OSofMrf rguf,-ehOmrfyldifblof.aej;/ ulef:auj.tef tuBmif.wmif:bmrf;vDeef. ygif,oj; ref:rD:OD,v? ulef:auj.tef rD:wmif:pkerf wmif:pefuGmif;eef. ygif,oj; ref:rD: yh,nj,/ zl;tefrD: OD,vsv;yh,nj,eh. qkdof;OAifvD cmof,imof:vkdof:vifsv; Mrfoh. rAof:ekdif;/ OSofrguf,auj;awj;Orf. Mrfeif,uof,/ ulnf:uj; OSofrguf,eh.ugj,vh; qgrf:vlrf:ulnf:? trf,rkdwf:ckdef; wmif:Nofvlrf:vh;? OSofMrf zl;rD: ODv yh,nj,cofaw.rkdwf:ckdef;vh; wmif:Nofvlrf:ulnf:trf,uj: rkdwf:ckdef; awj,rldif:zD rldif:Omif-ehoj,/

15. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J zdif;xkif:wh:pof:eh. ayj:oj;xdkifrj: vdlefOdyf:tAwf: cmof:tguf,oj,ayj:eh qgrf:eif,zdif;xkif:wh:pof:eef. uh.uh.sv,pef ydlef;uj;eluf. uj;wlof:eh wdkef:yAefzdif;xkif:wh:cj;p? trf,eefauj; rD:rj:qArfrdlof;ymefTzj:yAefqof;cj;p? Orf.yAefz[auj.sw,tgefpAwf:rj:cj;? qdlof:ydlef;wmif,cdlof:cj;vl: qgif,Orf.rD:rdlefeif,wh:cj;? cSef:awj; wgyf,yeftdwf:ekdif;cj;/

Omif, ynf,nj,OD,Id umifoAif: wmif.bmef:/

wgyf,= zdif;xkif: tefuj;eluf. uj;wlof:eh.wkdef:yAefzdif;xkif:wh:ulnf:? wmif,cldof:trf,rD:eif,wh:/ ulnf:uj; vgif;oj; sw,rj:rldof;umyf;v[


ymefv[ tefoj;eef.aw. qAifcrf:vSif:auj;bif:wkduf.c[;pkbl,/ vgif;vh; uj;eluf. wlof:eef.aw. bldif:tmef: vgif;pyf.Mif: Tzj:yAefqof;rldof;uSef,qof; vkuf.rldif:zD ckdef:vlif:rj:rldif:ulef:rldof;tguf,oj, teftgefuef pkoj; ]]Tzj:vlif:rldif:}}eheef.aOsv; uj;tldof;/ ulnf:uj; ymefrldof;vAofaw. wh:trf,olef. wD;q[.wkdof:ref:aOrmifyguf;eh. av,tofuj;pyf. ulef:trf,Nof trf,pmif? tofuj;se cSuf,wmif,omef; wmif,rldif:auj;pAwf:Mwf:vlifugj,bof./ ygif,oj; pof:trf,oh.uj;cef zdif;xkif:pof: ugj,ySwf;bof./ wD;sw. ulef:auj.tef c[;pef vgif;uj;eluf. wlof:eef.vlof,P;ref:rj:y[.wlnf: rldof;cmof:tguf,oj, qif,rD:wD;ygif,? qif,rD:uj;ceftldof;/ rj:rldof;v[auj;uj;se? ayj:yefikdef:Ol: tdwf:tgwf:aOauj;uj;se-ehaw. qmif;awyAef eluf.wlof:ulef:bgef:ugj,bl,/

16. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J cj;uh.sv,bmrf;idef:ydlef;vmwf;oj; ]il:cofeh. ayj:pSrfcofwmhehqdkif cofqlrf:qgrf:}ehcj;oj,? Orf.yAefOifsv;il:cofeh.vguf;cmyf;vh;cj; wlofOwf:wmif,qdlof:cj;vl: qgif,Orf.vguf;cmyf;vh;cj;? ayj:awoj;eef il:cofeh. trf,arjxof;arjwhmcj;blof.aej/ ydkif;qAifcrf:vSif:pof: Oyf:vSif:yeftdwf:edkif;cj;/

Omif,ynf,nj,OD,Id umifoAif: wmif.bmef:/

wgyf,= vgif;udlwf,xof;yAefwmheh. ayj:tofTzj:oj;aw. z[trf,umif:vh;/ uj;yAefwlofrD:q[wkdef:rldefuefrlwf:-ehbof./ il:vguf;cmyf;eh.awj.sw. vguf;ySwf;vh; eifsu,ref: wmif:eguf;ulnf:? vgif;su,xof; tefrD:bl, xmef;e[:wlof

ref:eef. wkdef:trf,vSuf;vmh;vh;/ vgif;wmheef.aw. trf,qAof:auj;emef: wkdef:awMwf;xkdifbl, oef:ekdif;/ awj;trf,Oif ckefilduf;uj,veuj:vlif tefoj; ]]Tzj:uh.ayj,ej,}}eheef.auj; wif:rD:vl:ugef,/ rAof:Tzj: tefoj;eh. wD;st,Okwf: OD,tOif,acB, ymhOSefurf,zj,ugef, qif,ayj,rj:vh;ekdif;Ol,sv; oj;Tzj:uh.ayj,eh. tj,bkref:Orf. awbmof:rguf;uj,pkdofugef, tefoj;eef.auj; vDolef.yj:bl,eif,uof,/

17. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J c[;bgef:xmrftdwf:ekdif; eif,pdkofqmwf;ej;rj: nmef,Orf.ayj:awvSwf:zmheef. qmwf;eh. awvh;pAwf:oh.umefvDukOlof, tD;Oifoh.cj;? bmrf;idef:ydleff;oj;sw. vh;vl,wmef:yyf.vduf;vmh:erferfehcj;oj,? qdkof;bl,cj;p/ qAifcrf:vSif:pof:Orf.pefxkdifqdlif.pdkofcj;? wgyf,yeftdwf:edkif;cj;/


wgyf,= vldofaOoj; vl,yyf.eef. vlof,Omif;yh,nj,yj,IrD,? trf,oh.q[xDeAof? trf,oh.q[cmef.tldefaO ylifOgefyefyldef; qldof:vlof,wmif:pkerf wmif:pefuGmif;eef.tldof;/ umefvl,yyf.eef.aw. ref:yAef wj,eyj,IrD,ulnf:? trf,q[;yh,nj,yj,IrD,/ tefpAwf:P; qof;uof,nmef,zmh e[:cmof:wmif: Orf,OIj,eef.aw. yAefyh,nj,yj,IrD,tldof;/ umefyh,nj,yj,IrD,eef. vldofaO ylifOgefyefyldef;eef. ayj:pkoj; wlofuof,vlof,auj; wj,wlofuof,eef. vlof,uh.vAyf;pAef: zkduf:zgef.ugef,tldof;/ ayj:eefaw. wj,qmwf;eh.auj; wkdef:yAefulef:nmef,zmh? rD:wmif:pkerf wmif:pefuGmif;ugj,urf:vAofbof./


18. qAi fcrf:vSi f :cj;J xmef,zh:eh.wif;q[aObdyf:auj;vdlwf,? trf,wif;q[aObdyf:auj;vdlwf,/ tukOlof,auj; rdlefeh wif;q[aOpAwf:auj; rD:wif:zdwf:? trf,pkaOpAwf:auj; rD:wif:zdwf:ehq[;bl,cj;p/ qAifcrf:vSif:pof:cj;vl: Orf.pefxdkifqdlif.pdkofcj; cSef:awj;wgyf,yeftdwf:edkif;cj;/

Omif, ynf,nj,OD,Id umifrldif: oAif:wmif.bmef:/

wgyf,= rldefeif,oj;eef.bof./

19. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J rdlof;ylef.rj:eef.idef:ydlef;Orf.xkdifuefoj; ayj:qof;Omif, qof;qmif:cof tofcj;Omuf;Omhq[MhaO rdlof:Okif:wD;uRif:ayj:eh uRif:qmif;vlrf,ehq[;bl,cj;p? rdlof;ymefTzj:yAefqof;cj;vl: qgif,Orf.bmrf;yAefrj:cj;? qof;Omif,qof;qmif:sv;Mh uyf:umh,uefqldif.pdkofcj;? wlofOwf:wmif,qdlof:cj;vl: qgif,Orf.rdlefeefcj;? wgyf,yeftdwf:edkif;cj;/

Omif,ynf,nj,OD,Id umifrdlif: wmif.bmef:/

wgyf,= rldof;ymefTzj:aw. trf,bmrf;pefykdef:Oif/ Mheh. yAefwloftefugj,xldif:? trf,arjymh;sv; qof;qldof:tefbkdefoj; wlofuof,yAefOrE (qof;tefudav,Oj,bAef)aOsv;ekif;clof:qof;xgwf;qof;rBmwf;cofaO pAwf:umefpkuf:pmh.eef. eif,oj; ]wmif:zdwf:ref:euf:?eifvdefrldif:auj; trf,wAif,oh.vh;}ehsv; vlrf,blof.aej;/

20. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J uh.bmrf;pefemif:bdif:cof urf.yj;erf ayj:oj; awqyf:wgif.yj:wlofrj:eh eSwf;udefbj;bj bySwf;urf:vAof?tefbySwf;eef. qgif,awvh;oj; cj;Omuf;

Omhq[ydlef;bl,cj;pdkof? tefrj:aw,Oef,ax,e[:wgif.eef.cj;vl: Orf.awaw,wD;v[ tefvh;yAefqdlif.eefrj:eef. awvh;oj;z[cj;?olwf;auj.bj.ref:cj;se,? trf,eefolwf; auj.xkuf,bref:? ydkif;tdifqAifcrf:vSuf:pof:cj; Oyf:vSif:tdwf:edkif;cj;/


wgyf,= ulef:bOef,ax,eh. vh;oj; zdwf:yj,ejwdyj,w Oduf.cj,ykuf;bl,/ ulef:auj.bref:eef. yAefulef:auj,olwf,aO auj.tefnj: yldef;beef. Orf.vh;oj; zl;cmrf,olwf;ehbof./ ulef:auj.tef auj,olwf;eef.auj;ayj:xkdifoef:ekdif;rj: Orf.qmif;nj:sv.ref:ckdef:sv; qmif;vh;cmrf,olwf;ckdef:eif,uof,bof./bgef.eefsv; ]trf,vDauj,olwf;auj,wmrf,}qif,oj;ehbof./

21. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J auj.tefugwf,uh,aO y[.sO.se:ydlef;? y[.wlnf:wmif:zdwff: ydlef;sv; auj.tef trf,omh,wlnf:vgif;z[aO bmif;ql:wmif:bdlif:tmef:ref: P;Mwf;eef. cjOgifauj.eh. ymh:N.z[awyAefvgif;vDcj;/

cAwf.vj:Mrf au:OD:/

wgyf,= vDeif,ueftldof;/ auj.tefy[.sO.se:yldef;eef.auj; ayj:rD:ref:eh ulef:rlduf;tefawvj;vDpAwf:Mwf:vlifugj,eef. awtrf,vj;vD pwf:pAwf:Oifeef.sv; vDtldof;/auj.tef trf,sO.se:z[aO cwf:q[bmif;ql: bldif:rmhwlofuof,bl,eef.auj; ref:yAefulef:trf,arjsO.se:yldef;aO yldef;auj; trf,qif:ref:? ref:auj; trf,rD:wmif:zdwf: e[:umef


uu

oqD,urf,sv; vDwj,Twj:zl;vDulef:rBmwf;? vDwj,Okef,wlofref: e[:cmof:wmif: Orf,OIj,tldof;/

22. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J vkuf;tgef,pof:wD;Ndef:aOtrf,oj; wD;Nif:pAef:sv; wD;Mif;umefaOtrf,oj; bj,ayP;(vAefuArf:_wdvmh.)tdef,wj,eSwf.eh. awpAwf:pdkofsp.pmrf;cj;?bgef.ehJ umeftefvlof,P;qAof:bof.auj;trf,cdkwf:cmof:bmrf:? vduf;vmh: ykef;Okef,wlofcof ykef;qdlof.cdlof:pof:auj; yh,oj;awwlnf:cj;vj;awj;uj;ulef:auj; coftrf,wef:wlnf:/

cAwf.vj:Mrf au:OD:/

wgyf,= vlof,rD: tmrf:emwf; qif,pAwf:vh;tldof;/ ayj:rD: tmrf:emwf;aw. yduf.ySwf; wD;umefeSwf.coftldof;/ e[:vkrf;z rmifrldif:eh. wj,ulef:ekdif;auj.eef. yldef;yefq[. tdef,wj,eSwf. cmof:bmrf: ekdif;qlof;rlif:ulnf:auj; rD:tldof;/tefpAwf:vh; eif,eefeef. bgef.rD: tmrf:emwf;sv; pAwf:vh;tldof;/ ayj:trf,rD: tmrf:emwf;aw. vlof,tofwlofuof, oh.e[:olif: tkyAuf.cj, tefoj;eef.aO z[c[;pAwf:Oif P;cofpAwf:?tofumrf,tofrkefcofoj;-ehrAof:eef.tldof;/ayj:eefaw. bAefq[bof.ej,/

23. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J bmrf;idef:ydlef;oj;]ayj:pof:uSwf:umyf,eAyf.rkdof:pof:bof.aO ydlef;rj:bAyf,nj:rSef;qdkif ydlef;qif:pof:}eh qgif,q[;sw.cj;p? bgef.Oifsv;tgefuefbkrf,brfqdlif.eefcj;/

qof;tkwf.wr (erf.egifO[ )

wgyf,= yldef;c[;Ogefoj; ]bj,bl,olnf,? ayj:uSwf:bof.auj; P;arjzAof; arjywf:}ehblof./

ayj:oj;eefaw. ulef:pof:eh. bgef.trf,c[;P;yldef;qif:wlofuof, pif:z[,pif:ref:sv; wkdef:awqmif;arjzAof;eef.ej,/ ayj:q[;auj; tofsv;? wgif:oh. wj,Ogefvkuf;vmefsv;e/

24. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J rSef;rldof;pof:wgif.rh;Oh;vdlwf,ej,aO Orf.trf,N.yd lef;bdlif:tmef:vl,(Oif,cj,)sv; vh;udefugj,tgefwmif:ayj:ehqdkif qgif,pof:rD:wmif:zdwf:euf:ejOifvlifvmifcj;? ydkif;P;qAifcrf:vSif:wgyf,yefb[,b[,erferfaOurf:/

qof;tkwf.wr (erf.egif,O[ )

wgyf,= ckdef:Okdyf,vAyf:pAef:wlnf: e[:odeh:tdwf:ekdif;sv;/ ayj:wgif.rh;aO udefaw.eif,pmif;oj; ]trf,xkuf, tj,ymwf;}ehtldof;/

25. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J bdlif:rmh sv; bdlif:tmef:eh. ref:ydlif;uefqdlif.pkdofcj;/


wgyf,= wD;tefc[;Mwf;c[;xkdif? c[;vh;c[;yAefeef. yAef-bldif:rmh? erf.q[ teftmef:c[;Mwf;xkdif bldif:rmheef. yAef-bldif:tmef:tldof;/yldifwSuf,ref: ]ulef:c[;vh;qkrf;cl:}ehugef,vj;/qkrf;cl:eef. yAefbldif:rmhaO erf.q[tefc[;vh; qkrf;cl:eef. yAefbldif:tmef:-ehtldof;/wgif:oh.sv;e/

26. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J acj;tefoj;bdlif:tmef:sv;tAef:tmef:eh. yAefoh.Ogifacj;sv; wD;ygif,ref:qgif,awvh;oj;rdlefuefcj;?Oyf:vSif:seyefaOurf:cj;/

Omif,omef;o au:OD:/


wgyf,= acj;wgyf,ref: rldefuef wif:acj;tefqif,pjylef.rj:eh.bof./

27. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;Jacj;uGmrf:uyf:xkuf,rD:oh.oj; ]]puf.uef P;yefvmh-Odkof.cmh pAwf:eif,ydleff;}}tefoj;eef. ygif,oj;qdlif.pdkofcj;? Oyf:vSif:yeftdwf:ekdif;cj;/


wgyf,= uyf:umh,vlnf; vgif;yefsv; vgif;Okdof.cmhvl:aej;/ rmifyguf; ulef:pof: Okdof.cmhawj,uef uh.sv,oj; ]bgef.yAefyD;egif.}? trf,eef]bgef.yAef tlnf:auj.? ulef:rkdwf;}sv; bgrf:tofuj;ref: awj,uef? trf,tofyAif:yldef;ehtrf,q[;pkdofvj;/ vgif;eif,eefeef. auj.Okdof.auj; Orf.OAif;uj;ref:bl,? auj.cmhauj; Orf.trf,vh;erf.rBmwf;erf.wgef:? tdifeldoferf.q[trf,wSuf,vSif:aOsv; pAwf:Omif;ugj,/ ayj:yAefeefqkdif auj.yefauj; Orf.vh;qkdof;oj;-yefbl,? ulnf:uj; auj.tofauj; Orf.vh;OAif;uj; ref:bl,sv; trf,cSrf.vSyf;/ bgef.vgif;eef.sv;ayj:awauj:su:yefauj; vlof,yefvmh urf:vAof?ayj:awtrf,yefvmhvh;aO awOkdof.cmhawj,uefehauj; vlof,Okdof.vlof,cmh eif,yldef;OSuf,vSuf,? rSef;uj;pkdofauj; vlof,tofuj;emef.-ehbof./ pAwf:Oifauj; P;wSuf,vSif: ygif,oj;ehbof./

28. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J nj:rSef;rdlof;cmof:Ouf:ph; erf;ph;eef. Oifqdlof.oj; pof:trf,N.aO ugj,Ouf:nj:rSef; ch,eluf.tgef,cof tefrD:w[;zmef;vdefeef. vh;wmhugj,qdkif qgif,pof:rD:wif:zdwf:cj;p? qhg;rguf,yeftdwf:edkif;cj;/

tgif,vl, (erf.egif,O[ )

wgyf,= ayj:trf,vh; wif;q[pAwf: P;yldef;vk yldef;wmhqkdif wkdef:trf,rD:wmif:zdwf:/ vlwlnf:ykdef: qof;quf.ckyj,v tefrD:e[:yyf.xrf,ryweef.sv;e/

29. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J uGmrf:uyf:xkuf, rD:oh.oj; ]puf.vkuf; bj,puf.yj;ej;-puf.cj; bj,puf.yj;vif}ehcj;sv; wD;ygif,ref: c[;oj;pdkofcj;/cSef:awj;Oyf:vSif:yeftdwf:ekdif;cj;/

Omif,omef;o? au:OD:/

wgyf,= ulef:pof:eh. eif,rldof;pAwf:xkuf,rD:eef. rldof;pAwf:zdwf;auj; wkdef:rD:bof./ rAof:ayj;sr; tefoj;eh. ayj:vkuf;vmif: pAwf:xkuf,rj:qkdif wkdef:vh;Nrfqlrf:qgrf:aO ayj:vkuf;vmif:pAwf:zdwf:rSef; vgif;zdwf:qrf. eif,pkdofsv; vkuf;vmif: awtrf,Okdyf,pAwf:umefzdwf:eef. vlof,vh;Oif,Ogefbof./ rldof;Oif,Ogefeef. ayj:oj; tofOlyf:uGmrf:aO Oif,Ogefsv;vh;auj;vh;? ayj:trf,vh;auj; Orf.vlof,vguf,?vlof,vh;tofcgef.aO xkyf.ayj.qldof:eh.bof./bgef.eef ayj:xkdifwgef;eif,eefrj: ulofvkuf;tgef, trf,ulofayj;sr;? ayj:pkoj; ayj;sr; puf.cofej,eh ulofcof trf,xgrf,uGmrf: ayj;sr;sv; vgif;ayj;sr; puf.vkuf;vmif:eef. qif,vh;vyf.oh.zgif;bof./ tdifvlnf; vgif;trf,yef vkuf;tgef,pefq[aO bl,Oof:oh.eef. ygif,oj; ]puf.vkuf;trf,vDpuf.yj;ej;} ehbof./

puf.cj; trf,vDpuf. yj;vif-tefoj;eef.qrf. vgif;oj; qof;uof, puf.cj;q[. ulef:Ohgqof;uof,eef. trf,vlof,Oldif, vlof,vyf.OifaOvlof,wgef;auj; wgef;? vlof,yefauj; yef?vlof,tmrf:auj; tmrf:yj;ej;yj;wjurf:vAof rAof:


eef.bof./ tefpAwf:eif,eefeef. ygif,oj;qof;uof, puf.cj;q[.eef. trf,Oldif,trf,vyf.?trf,puf.yj;vifaO puf.Okdof;ej;wef:wjurf:vAof ygif,oj;ehbof./

30. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;Jomh:aOykwf.xqof;tofyIdedyf.ymef,bof.eef. tefyAefOD,ydwf;qof;eef. Orf.ugj,rD:wD;v[cj;? wgyf,yeftdwf:edkif;cj;/

Omif,omef;o au:OD:/

wgyf,= cldif;q[.wmif:wkdof: qof;umrf,qof;rkeftefoj;eh. ayj:qof;ref: OAif;umrf,bof.auj;pmhvmhugj,qgrf: umrf,rkefqof;ref:ulnf:eif,uof,bof./ rldefeif, cldif;q[.wmif:wdkof: ckefquBj,cofauj; awj;eefbof.? ayj:qof;ref:zkwf:ayj,rj:auj; cldif;q[.wmif:wkdof:cof zkwf:rj:qgrf:aO ayj:cofOAif;umrf,bof.auj; pmhvmhugj,ckdef:ulnf:/

31. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J vkuf;tgef,wh:pof:cj; rmifqdlof: nmef,zmhsw."aO ulnf:uj; trf,rD:idkef:wgif: wj,awOgeftofyh,nj,qdlof:eef.xkuf,vDcwf:q[Nnf:ymh:qdlof.pdkof? qAifcrf:vSif:c[;yefwmif:pefxdkif eif,pdkofcj;/

Omif,Ij,Q (egifrgef )

wgyf,= cwf:q[ pjayj;vAif.? sr;vAif.vDsv;c[;yefwmif:ch;q[ eif,ehtldof;/

32. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J tefyh,rD:ulef:xmrfaO tefxkuf,vDN.eef. bl,wD; vkif:qAifcrf:vSif:aObof. qgif,awrD:vgif;tefch;Oif,xdkifyD;egif.wh:pof:bl,cj;p/

Omif,Ij,Q (egifrgef )

wgyf,= nj:rldof;ckuf:q[vh;auj; ch;Oif,xkdifbl,eif,uof,? ulnf:uj; nj:rldof;vkdrf:auj; vldofaOoj;vkdrf:eef. trf,qmif;oj;pkdofbof./

33. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J wh:pof:vkuf.wD;v[aO sztguf,rj:cj;? qgh;P;aej,wSef:cdlof:pof:vSif:q[tdwf:edkif;cj;/

qof;ugefuSof; (au:OD:)

wgyf,= cmof:wmif: Orf,OIj,tefoj;eh.Tzj:yAefqof;aw.oj; ]]trf,pkrldof;sw,ref:}}ehoj;/ ayj:Tzj;oj;eefauj; qldof:pof: trf,q[;Tzj:eh. Orf.awpwf:vmwf; eif,pkdofugef,vj;/vgif;ykdef:eh. av,uh.pef auj.eef. auj.eh.vmrf:Oj:oj; ]vkuf.wD;eef; wD;eh; sw,yAefrj:} ehbl,/ ulnf:uj; tefoj;eefeef.auj;wkduf.yAefuGmrf:vmrf:ulnf:? trf,q[;uGmrf:tefpkwSwf;eSwf;vDaOvmwf;-wgif:oh. uj;emh.ekdif;ugef,sv;e/ tefvDaw. ]oef:cmof:rldof;eh.pof:uldwf,yAefwh:bof.? pof:auj; pkwlofpof:? yldef;auj; pkqgrf:pof:bof.? ulnf:uj; eif,pkdof pof:awOkdyf,yAefwh:ugj,xSif; oef:cmof:rldof:ej;eef.pof:awvh;pAwf:pkdof} wj,aej,wSef:cldof:pof:cofaw. pefoj; vlof,pkeif, ehulnf:/ ayj:q[auj;tofsv;/

34. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J acj;uGmrf:tefqof;wlefcl:rpj,ej,bu wlefxdOD, Oif,Ogef oh.oj;]]zgrf.uefeh. vDtdlof;? zgrf.uefidlof; wmif:rlwf:wif:vDugef,}} tefoj;eh. ref:c[;rmhxdkif qdlif.pdkofcj;? qAifcrf:vSif: qgh;Oyf:vSif:yef wD;uGmif;ref:cj;vl:/



wgyf,= acj;abj;ref:aw. ygif,oj; ]]vlof,zgrf.zAif,uef}}ehulnf:eif,uof,tldof;/ ayj:wif:oj; zgrf.uefbl,aw. umefvD wmif,qldof. wmif,yldif bj,pdyf;oj;? awj;uj; ]]ildof;auj; ayj:zgrf.uefwif:vDugef,}}qif,oj;ehbof./ ulnf:uj; ulef:pof:eh. P;ayj:ildof;wif:rlwf:aw. wkdef:trf,yAefvh;? wkdef:awrD: ulef:vSwf:bl,ulnf:? ulnf:uj; zl;b[, ulef:vlifpof:cof rkif,rgif: c[;P; pof:ildof;aOsv;oj; trf,q[;? c[;P;pof: zgrf.zAif,uefsv; oj;ulnf:-vlof,vSif:q[eif,eh/

35. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J ulef:tefwmhugj,eef. odndef,cGefiof:cof bl,e[:omif:Ndef: cmof:bmrf:qAwf:oef:? ayj:xdkif qAwf:oef:bof. qif,ugh;tguf,omif:Ndef:ehcj;p/ qgif,q[;sw.cj;? ydkif;qAifcrf:vSif: wgyf,yefaOurf:cj;/


wgyf,= ymh:pefqeef. trf,q[ymh:pef Tzj:yAefqof;/ ymh:pef Tzj:yAefqof;aw. ayj:wmhbof.auj; cmh.wD;urf:vAofbof.? vlof,ugj,yAefzDauj; ugj,yAefurf:vAof? vlof,vh;yAefOwf:auj;trf,y[.cdif,cmof:aO wkdef:ugj,yAefOwf:urf:vAofehbof./ ulnf:uj; tefwmhbof.aO trf,zmwf,Ndef:eef.aw. qmif;yAefvh; qtefwmhyAefzAwf,(ayw)eef.-vlof,ygif,q[ eif,ehbof./

36. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;Jugif rgif: OSif, Omrftefqdlof:eh. rD:wD;ygif,qdlif.pdkof? c[;rmhqdlif.eif,pdkofaOsv; Orf.pAwf:pdkofudkuf:zdif;xkif:wh:pof:rj:cj; wgyf,yeftefv[tefeef. qgif,vh;cj;/


wgyf,= rgif:eef. ygif,oj; rgif:ckdef;Oif.ckdef;Okif? rgif:vgif;vD vgif;rBmwf;? ugifeef.Ogef,oj; ugifikdef: ugifcrf:ehaO OSif,eef.uj;yAefvgif;vDvgif;rBmwf;wif:OAif; vlof,yAefpof:vh;OSif,eh-vDygif,q[eif,bl,/

37. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;Jwgef;wj,awrdlof:Mwf;rdlif:zDqef.edlofOkwf: rdlif:zDyIedrf,rdwoOowD,eheef. awvh;pAwf:ukOlof,rAof:v[ugef, qgif,awrdlof:Mwf;vh;cj;? qgh;Oyf:vSif:yef P;ayj:ygif,q[aOurf:cj;/

qof;tIdbo>O (erf.egifO[ )

wgyf,= rldif:zD urf;wmif:vl,-wD;bl, urf;Nofq[-ehej,/ Nofq[ qof;uof, c[;rldof:yAef e[:rldif:zDqldif.pkdofauj; vlof,arjbldif:tmef:aO pAwf:Omif;umefvDulnf:tldof;/ ayj:c[;rldof:yAef rldif:zDqef.OkifOkwf:eef.auj; vlof,pAwf:ukOlof,wmif:vDaO bgef:Ol:tof rldif:zD qef.OkifOkwf:eef.ulnf:/

38. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J ckeftdef:sv;ckefquBj,oaw: cjOgifqof;eh. z[rBmwf;vdlofaOz[cj;? cSef:awj; wgyf,yeftdwf:edkif;cj;/

qof;tIdbo>O (erf.egifO[ )

wgyf,= ayj:tof umrf,rkef oef:vifoj;aw.ckeftdef: rBmwf;vldoftldof;? bgef.ref: rD:tj,bk yldifwSwf;? rD:aq:qdrf,oh. yldif;wmh? trf,wmyf;vlof,vh; uBmif.urfOif/ ulnf:uj; ayj:tof Okef,pAwf:oj;aw. ckefquBj, rBmwf;vldof ckeftdef:tldof;? bgef.ref: rD:Okef,uBmif.urf OdefySwf,sv; tuBmif.wmif:urf ckefquBj, Odyf:OgifydlifaOtrf,uj: Orf.rD:q[vD q[omefaO arjpj


wkduf:Olef:yldef; P;uBmif.urf Odefpj;OAef;qldof:eh.tldof;/

39. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J wmif:uBmif.urfrBmwf;ckefrldif: (10) ydlif tefoj;eef. yAefqdlof:v[vmhvmhcj; wgyf,yefb[,erfzgif;cj;/

tgefNdif: (erf.egifO[ )

wgyf,= wmif:urf ckefrldif: Odyf:yldifqrf.-

1. vl,wgef; (Wje)?2. urfOdef? qgrf:rmhrD; (ODv)?3. rSif,yef (QjU)?4. Odkof;blof: (tQfQo)?5. tlef;tgef, (rWfWo)?6. uBmif.urfOdefySwf, (wy)?7. trf,q[vrf (tufaujX)?8. trf,cj trf,iSef:yldef; (todp&O)?9. bkdef.uef; (cefwD) sv;10.trf,cwf:umifq[ulef:rldif: (todaIjXd) eh Odyf:yldifbof./Wje> ODv> yIdqfqjU>?tQfQo> rWfWo> wy>/tufaujX> todp&Onfq?cefwD q todaIjXe>/ (Qj-2? y-176)

40. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J wmif:uwf:bAefOdlof:Oj,qmwf;eh. tduf,qmwf;ej;aO tefrBmwf;vldofydlef;Okwf:sv; tefuwf:bAef Odlof:Oj,eef. yAeftefv[cj;? qgh;wgyf,yeftdwf:edkif;cj;/


wgyf,= tdifeldof wmif:vlof, z[ref:tldof;/cD;vof; cD;bj;cofauj; ayj:vh;udefvof; udefbj;

qkdif uwf:bAef Oldof:Oj,q[cofbof./ ulef:Olifvduf;vmh:auj; ayj:vh;pAwf:umef vduf;vmh:qkdifuwf:bAefOldof:Oj, q[cofbof./ Tzj:yAefqof;Orf.oj; ]]edyf.ymef,eh. uwf:bAefvldofyldef;xdOkwf:(=edYfYje> yIr> Okc>)ehbof./ bgef.eefsv; qif,oj; vgif;ruf:ref; wmif:uwf:bAefOldof:Oj,eh. tdifeldof wmif:vlof,z[ref:ulnf:-qif,oj;ehbof./

41. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J Oifqldof.oj; ydlef;rj:ay.udefvlvmhqdlof.cdlof:pof:aO pof:Orf.cdkef;ugj,wgyf,wSef:wD;qdlof.cdlof:cofcdkef:qdkif qgif,pof:Orf.rD:wmif:zdwf:Oifb[,vlifcj;p? trf,eefauj; pAwf:wD;ulef: auj.tefrj:pAwf:wD;pof:eef. tofcj;p? P;qAifcrf:vSif: wgyf,yefqSif;vSif: aOurf:atj;/


wgyf,= ayj:ref: tdifvlnf; vgif;Okef,wlofref:aO rj:pAwf:wD;pof:auj; vlof,wgyf,wSef:ckdef: vgif;Okef,wlofref:tldof;? ulnf:uj; Oifoj;ref:tdifeldof rl,yldif qldof.qmwf;ref:aO pAwf:wD;pof:auj; pof:Orf.vlof,wgyf,wSef:ckdef: wD;rl,yldif qldof.qmwf;ref:eef.tldof;/ tefvlof,pkoh.aw. umefOj,Oej,sv; umefcldof: umefrldif:eh. Omhwmif: vmh:umefref: trf,q[;tefvAofuef eheef.ulnf:/ Omh,wmif: umefOj,Oej,eh. vlof,yhg,zj;aO Omhwmif: umefcldof: umefrldif:Orf.vlof,tkyf.yldif,zgif:irf:vh;tldof;/

42. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J Oifqdlof.oj; wlofqof;uof, c[;ugj,pAwf:umefomef;rdlif:(pAwf:Odkuf:)qdkif eif,pdkofawvh;tcGmif. wD;ayj;sr;yD;egif.


qdlof.cdlof:qdlof:eef. awvh;pAwf:qdlif.pdkof vmwf;secof Oyf:vSif:se P;cofayj:ygif,q[cj;? trf,eefauj; wdkofwefaOugj,cj;p? qgif,Orf.awudkif,xdluf;tefcofvAif.vlpof:rj:cj;p? ayj:wdkofwefaOugj, awvh;pAwf:pdkofP;cofayj:ygif,q[cj;?P;qAifcrf:vSif: qgh;rguf,yefaOurf:cj;atj;/


wgyf,= ayj:qof;uof, ugj,pAwf:umefsv;qef.qof;uof, xkdifwD;Okifrj:aw. cofuj;vh;pmef.q[ qlrf:qgrf:eif,uof,bof./ wlnf:tofrldof;qof;OD,xmwf; tguf,ugj,uBmif.urf wj,awyAefTzj:rj:eef.vj;? rldof;ugj,aw. ayj;qof;au:ql:ref: trf,xkuf,q[aOw xkdifwD;yAefTzj:rj:bof.aw. Mrf:rkdof:oh; ayj:Okwf:Oguf, eif,uof,bof./ vgif;eh.auj; xmif,awrldefeefulnf:/olef.wlnf:sv;aej;/

43. qAifcrf:vSif :cj;J wj,eOmrfydliftefoj;eef. yAefOifvmhvmhcj; bof.auj; wD;ygif,ref:rD:oh.qdlif.pdkofvmhvmhcj;/

qof;cdlof:xrf: (clofvrf )

wgyf,= wj,eOmrfyldif tefoj;eh. erfej,?(u) pDeWje? rQf@drWje? tkwfwrWjeehauj; yAefOmrfyldif? wmif:vl, xmef;wSrf,?xmef;umif? xmef;Okif ygif,oj;ehbof./

(c) WjeWjO? WjeOpjb? WjeOjrdehauj; yAefwj,eOmrfyldifbof./ ygif,oj; wmif:vl, cD;cj;? wmif:vl,tlnf:auj.sv; wmif:vl,qof;qgrf-ehbof./

(i) WkufuIWje? OWdOWje? rpjWjeehauj; yAefwj,eOmrfyldifbof./ ygif,oj; wmif:vl,

tefpAwf:bmyf,bAef:? wmif:vl, tefsc.cAif,uefsv; wmif:vl,vlif}ehbof./ vldofaO tefoj;rj:bof.eh.auj; bif:wkduf. ukdwf:xSif;vl:ugef,bof./ Okdyf,vAyf;pAef:wlnf:sv;e/ wmif:pkeh.bj,ykdif;tdif qAifcrf:vSif: rAof:vAofulnf:? wlnf:xSif; wmif,wD;wmif,tgif; ugef,sv;e/

44. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J vh;vlpefe[:vduf;wD;edkif;oj; wD;e[:wlofulef:pof:eh. rD:oh.vDOgifydlifehatj;? vDOgifydliftefoj;eh. yAefvDOifvmhvmhcj;/


wgyf,= vD tefyAef vDOzj,o e[:wlofpof:eef. yldifekdif;sv; erf.q[vD yldifekdif;tldof;/ vlof,rD: eif,uefbof./

45. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J ]]udeftrf,arjtdrf,qdrf:trf,arjayj:}} tefoj;eef. c[;ygif,Oifcj;? cj;xmrfz[auj; tefoj; ]udeftrf,arjtdrf,}eef. urf.erf tgefwgyf,oj; ]yAefvlrf:}ehcj;auj; xmif,bl,cj;/ ulnf:uj; tefoj; ]qdrf:trf,arjayj:}eef. z[auj; trf,wgyf,yefvh;cj;? ydkif;qAifcrf:vSif: wgyf,yeftdwf:edkif;cj;/


wgyf,= yAefumef qdrf:wlnf: wmif:pktldof;?ekdif;qdrf: ekdif;vDqdrf:? ekdif;qdrf:erf ekdif;c[;qdrf:wduf:wduf:sv; qif,oj; qdrf:trf,arjayj:ehblof.aej;/ rAof:uGmrf: umifymif,umifvSif. trf,rD: wD;bdyf:wD;uSrf:? trf,rD: wD;tdif wD;tmif;eh. ref:trf,arjOkwf: arjomh:aOyguf;sv; oj;pkdofauj; ref:wkdef:Omif,xkuf,bl,ulnf:/


46. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J acj;uGmrf:tefoj;]]emrf wluf:O[,wgifauj; wgifygif,? wgif wluf:O[,emrfauj; wgifygif,}} tefoj;eef. c[;ygif,qdlif.pkdofcj;/


wgyf,= yAefpkdofauj; ref:trf,Omif; Ogifzmh,?ref:Omif; ekdif;zmh,ulnf: rAof:eef.tldof;/ ydlifwSuf;ref: rldefeif,oj; zl;qmh:sv; emif:bdif:pAwf:auj.uef ugj,cmof:wmif: umifcrf;umifckdef:ehugef,sv;/ ayj:yAefeefqkdif tefqkdof;OAifeof;eh. awyAefemif:bdif:ulnf:aO tefawvh;cmrf,wmrf,ref: oef:cmof:rldof:ej; rldefeif,yj:wgif.oj,? vAif.vkuf;oj,-ehqldof:eef. wkdef:yAefemif:bdif:ulnf:? trf,Omif;ulef:qmh:OifaOtdwf: rAof:eef.tldof;/ ayj:yAefeif,eefqkdifyldef;av,uh.tof uGmrf:uyf:xkuf, acj;eef.aOoj;]]emrf wluf:O[,wgifauj; wgifygif,? wgif wluf:O[,emrfauj; wgifygif,}}eheef.ej,/

47. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J cj;bdif:bmrf;vh;idef:ydlef;oj; cof;Ogrf:awj,sv; atj,qj, tefvl,rdlof;oef:Odef wD;uRif:eef. Oifqkef.ehulef:eh.trf,vDudef? awvh;qkef. qj,u zDwkyf:zDwmyf, cofrj:y[.udefcj;oj,? rmifqdlof:Orf.oj;]]ayj:vdlefNuf:rj: edkif;yD; edkif;yguf; Oif,cj,qof;sv; ulef:omef; Nrf;uef zwf:urf,roj, vdkyf;bl,sv; qgif,cof awrj:y[.udefbl,cj;p/ trf,eefauj; rmifqdlof:Orf.oj; ]Omuf;zDeh. vDudefaOOmuf;Tzj:}eh tefv[awxkuf,rSef;? cj;bdif:ydkif;vkif:qAifcrf:vSif: seyef P;vh;pkqSif;vSif:zgif;cj;/

vmofekrf,Mrf egifrlof erf.wl;/

wgyf,= wmif:udef tefyldef;udef trf,OAif;eef. uGmrf:wh: Mif.oj; ]]Omuf;}}ehoj,/ Omuf;eef.ulnf:eif,uof, ayj:yAefwmif:udef tefrkefqof;cof Okif:trf,OAif;eef. Orf.Mif.oj;]]wmef? wmefOgrf:}}ehoj,/ ayj:udefwmif:udeftefyAefOmuf;yldef;eef. tlzkif: qmif;wluf:ehoj,/ ulnf:uj; Tzj:aw. bgef.pof: ayj:bgrf:pyf.ref:qof; yAefwD;uldof:vDbof.sv; wluf:w[;ref:qof;aOw trf,rD: wD;vDwldof.q[Oifblof.aej;/ ayj:oj; trf,bgrf:pyf.ref:qof; yAefwD;uldof:vDaw. tlzkif:ref:qof; qmif;wAifpof:aOtlzkif:pof: Orf.qmif;wluf:-eh uj;emef.ekdif;ulnf:eif,uof,tldof;/

rl dof;oef:qof; qrfqmrf,edyf.ymef,sv;Okif:nj:eldof.rl tefqmif;crf: qkef,w (rldif:yj,oj,) umyf;vl,eef. uSef,qof;oj; ]]bj,tofvAif.z[? zh:wgif.yldef; trf,pkifvSofvh;? awyAefaz:wj,yldef;}}ehsv; Tzj:yAefqof; q[.ugj,ckwf:zifySwf; e[:vdefbof./ ayj:trf,q[; eif,eefaw. udefvh;bl,-vh;qgefygif,q[qgrf:eif,ehbof./ bgef.eef. vgif;oj; ukdif,vDudefOmuf;yldef;? trf,vDudef tefoj;eef.aw.ref:yAefwD; wmif:bkrf,brf z[ref:ulnf:-vDygif,q[eif,ehbof./

48. qAi fcrf:vSif:cj;J vgif;tefumyf;Ogrf:Tzj:yAefqof; umife[eef. wD;ygh:vdlefOD,qdkof;OAif;b[,sw. sw,edkif;rgif:cdkif; awj,xdkif11 rgif:umifoef:eef. vh;peful;cmof:bmrf:cj;atj;? rmifqdlof:Orf.oj; Oifpof:awumyf;Ogrf:Tzj:yAefqof;wD;Ndef:sv; wD;uRif:eh xj;Nofrdd lif:O[ pSif:rj: qof;qif,pyf.Ogrf:tj,Ikif,xdluf;eh


cj;oj, tefv[awxkuf,rSef;eh qgh;Oyf:vSif:yefcj;bdif:c[;N.zgif;cj;/

ekrf,qmrfMrf egifrlof erf.wl;/

wgyf,= vgif;wmif,cof;wmif,Ogrf:eef. wD;sw.ref: vlof,pkygif, vgif;]oduj,v}tefoj;eef.ugef, qif,Omif,xkuf,tldof;/ uj,v=cmof:bmrf:tefzl;urfOdefcof vlof,vh;udef wmif:udefeh. ]sw, cmof:Nofrldif:O[ awj,cmof:umifoef:wAif;}eh trf,q[;pkdofvj,/ ayj:sw,tof cmof:umifoef:wAif; awj,xkdifckdef: Nofrldif:O[ e[zkuf;eef. Orf.oj; ]yAefcmof:oduj,v}eh trf,q[;pkdofvj,/ ayj:pkeif,eefbof.auj; vlof,wmif,cmof:tefyAef uj,veef.aO cmof:tefyAefoduj,veef.aw. trf,vDwmif, vlof,ygif,q[eif,ehtldof;/

ulnf:uj; vgif;wmif,Ogrf:? wmif,rguf,? vl,wAef:tefoj;qldof:eh. vlof,ygif,q[oj; ]ref:yAefumefckuf:xlyf: ukif,ukef:rkefiof:Tzj:yAefqof;}ehulnf:? pof:wmif,sv; ref:qof; awrj:Okif:auj;trf,q[;? pof:trf,wmif,auj; wj,ref:qof; awtkdyf:aO bgrfugj,auj; trf,yAefvh;/ bgef.oj;wD;tefpof: bldif:aOwmif,eef. ref:trf,q[;wlofsw. Tzj:yAefqof;bof.aO awj.sw.yAefvgif;bldif:tmef:(tkWdOfO) tefoj;eef.ulnf:eef.bof./ rAof:pof:qof;uof, bldif:ql: Tzj:yAefqof;aO vl,wmef:eh. yldifvlifref: ygifoj;-sz;wldef:ykwf.xj,ekwf.Owd zj,oej,ulnf:/ vgif;sz;wldef: ykwf.xj,ekwf.Owdzj,oej,eef.sz;wldef:cmof:v[auj;vh;? yj:wmif:vl,aO sz;wldef:auj;vh;? trf,yj:clof:vl,OifaO sz;wldef:auj;vh;-vDygif, q[eif,ehbof./

49. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J vgif;tefcof;oj,vdlefySwf,rlef:eef. Orf.Mif.oj;ykIdroj,? Oifcof;oj,vdlef;uof;rlef:Orf. ywf.Odroj,eh uGmrf:tmef,ref:rD:qgrf:ul;vdlefbl,cj;p/


wgyf,= c[;oj; uGmrf:tmef, qldif.pkdof trf,pkbof.? vgif;qof;Ipmef:cof tofoj,aw. rD:vh;Ogifyguf;? rldof;vldefySwf,vgif; ekdif;crf;sv; vldefuof;vgif; ekdif;crf;ulnf:/ ayj:cof;oj, vldefySwf,qkdif xkdifvldefOdyf:tAwf:rlef:rj:auj; tguf,oj,?ayj:cof;oj, vldefuof;rlef:auj; xkdifvldefOdyf:Ogifrlef:rj: qif,vh;tguf,oj;-pAwf:ehulnf:tldof;/vldofaOeef. qof;teftguf,oj, rldof;vldefOdyf:tAwf:rlef:ugef, qif,rD:Okef,pyf. Omif,umef:uxdef,? ayj:tguf,oj, vldefOdyf:Ogifrlef:aw.trf,rD:Okef,pyf. uxdef-rD:yldifoh. eif,ehbof./

50. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J zgef:vDtefyD;egif. qof;Ndef:rmifqdlof: vh;zdwf;Mif.tof qkrf:xrf,rquf.uaO rldof:vgwf;apj: xrf,rquf.uyowf.we xrf:Tzj:yAefqof;eef. zgef:vDref:yj:oh.vmhrAof:cj;/


wgyf,= qof;Ndef:auj; vh;xgrf,? ulef:pdrf:Mrf;auj; vh;xgrf,? yAefvgif; wj,tgefuef ckuf:q[vh; Tzj: Twj:? y[.yj:oh. trf,yefP;OAifTwj:Oj,Oej,ykwf.x rgwf,ogwf; vyf.pmh? qmif;qhg;pAwf:P; yAefrl,yAefymifehqldof:eef.tldof;/

51. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J rmifqdlof:oj; Oifpof:vh;vl, cdlif;vl,clof:wmef: aOteftefehawvh;bmwf,erf.cGrf;rlnfeh? rmifqdlof:Orf.oj;


ayj:trf,egef:uRif: awtrf,vh;yj:erf.bmwf,ehcj;oj,? Orf.xSif; tefyD;egif. qof;wj,eqj,ubof.aO awcdkef:bgef:tof ukOlof,eef.zl;trf,rD:Odefeef. trf,yefzgef:vh;ehqgif,q[;cj;p/


wgyf,= yefzgef:sv; Olif,rAwf.wj,eh.qkdof;ref: ySuf,uefaOw vmh:pAwf:Omif;ref:rldefuefulnf:/ rAwf.wj,eh. z[sz;wldef:auj;vh;sv; vgif;yefzgef:(yefuGmrf:rif,uvj,)wj,P;ydlef; vh;bl,vDudefomef;eef.aw. awj;ulef:bgef: wif:oj;bl,ulnf:vl:/ z[yefzgef:auj; vh;bl,/ ulnf:uj; ayj:tuBmif.wmif:bmrf;(OD,v)qof;uof, xmef;wSrf,aw. trf,xlduf;yldef;qldof:rD:Odef eyf.brf uef,awj:/

52. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J tefydlef;pyf.qAifyDr[,eef. rmifqdlof:auj; pyf.Odyf:Ogifrgif:qrfaOrmifqdllof:auj; pyf.edkif;rgif:qrfehcj;? ulnf:uj;cmof:bmrf:tefxkuf,rSef;yAefcmof:v[cj;/


wgyf,= tefpyf. bmrf:Odyf:Ogifrlif: umifckdef:eef. xkuf,tldof;/

53. qAi fcrf:vSi f:cj;J ayj:vkuf;vmif:pAwf:zdwf: pAwf:trf,rSef;rj:qdkif auj.yAefayj;wif:sr; uh.uh.sv,Oif,Ogef rlef.ar:yefcdkef:bl,atj;/ xdkifwD;ayj;sr; pAwf:zdwf:olef.zdwf:rj:aO vkuf;vmif:cdkef:Ogefse rlef.sr:seyefcdkef:Orf. trf,bgrf:xgrf,tofaO trf,uj:ymhvmwf;oj; bj,Orf,uBj. bj,rj:Ogefuofcdkef:ehaO pAwf:P;vkuf;vmif:trf,uwf: bAefq[cj;

atj;? vgif;eh.ydkif;qAifcrf:vSif:pof: rguf,seyefaOurf:cj;/

bdif:OSiftgif, (yguf.-4 rdlif:udkif )

wgyf,= rAof:cgef.Ouf.cofuGmh: tefoj;eh.vlof,pkoj; ref:yAef wj,Ouf. P;clof:cmofulnf:?wj,cofuGmh:eef. awcmofrj: trf,q[;-vlof,ygif,eif,ehbl,blof./ pkbl, ref:trf,ygif,sv; pof:Orf.uBmrf,cdefvmwf;eh. ej,vldofaO tmif;tofrh. trf,rD:N:? trf,rD:ulif wuf:erf.eef.tldof;/

54. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J ulef:auj.teftofwlofq[ydlef;wmh ulwf.vkuf;xkuf,ar:ydlef; vuf.clof:ydleff; zmh,vSefydlef;cSef:cSef, vSefzmhej,zmh,wj,ay.udefvl,vmhydlef;trf,uj: tefpmh.qj.vdlofeh.auj; pAwf:rj:wif:erfbof.atj; olwf;wgyf,ref:bof.eh Orf.trf,idef:oj;aOyguf;cj;vj,/

qmh:ygrfoef: xkif.bgef: rdlif:udkif/

wgyf,= ref:yh,xkdifcmef:ref:sv;oj;ugj,/ayj:xkdifudif:cmef:ref:rj:aw. wkdef:awnj:bl,ulnf:/ olwf;-tefoj;eh. trf,wgyf, qmwf;eh.auj; qmif;wgyf, qmwf;ej;-tgefuefoj;ehoh.auj; bmrf;idef:bl, trf,q[;pkdofvj,/

55. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J Oifbkrf,brfoj;tefpof:Olif,rSwf.wj, yefzDOmifOwf:ulef:eef. ref:trfxkdifcofvh;? ref:yAefumefOgefP;pof:rD:q[rSwf.wj, edlofydlef;ulnf:-ehqdkifqgif,awq[; vgif;bkrf,brfzdwf:cj;/


wgyf,= zdwf: ckdif;ekdif;? xkuf, ckdif;ekdif; tldof;/tefoj; pof:Olif,rAwf.wj, trf,xkdifyldef;eef.


zdwf:? tefoj; wj,pof:qof;uof, rD:q[rAwf.wj,rj: tefoj;eef. xkuf,tldof;/ Olif,rAwf.wj, yefyldef;eh. ayj:yAef wj,Owf: sv; ulef:aw.tdifeldof pSif:tuBmif.wmif:bmrf; wlofuof,zgif;tldof;/ ayj:wmif:bmrf; wlofuof,vD? qof;uof, rD:Odefqkdif rAwf.wj,qof;uof,eef. ref:wkdef:brf? wkdef:xkdifwD;bof./ ulef:pof: rkef:uj,xj,uwf. tefoj;eef. xmif,awbmrf;idef:bl,/ulef:rkef: uj,xj,uwf.eef. tdifeldof pSif:OD,vsv; rAwf.wj,ugef, qif,uwf.tldof;/ ulef:tuBmif.bguf:? trf,rD: OD,v? Orj,xd? trf,rD:uwdeh.rkef:uj,xj, wkdef:trf,uwf./ tefrkef:uj,xj,uwf.eef. yAefyldof; rD:OD,v sv; rAwf.wj,tldof;/ e[:ykdef: qof;ao,Oef, rldof;ref:qof;vh;ymh;tguf,rldif:aO ugj,bl,e[: xldef,z OmrfpAifvlifeef. ref:qof; ugj,ykdefsz; rAwf.wj,sv;Owf:woj,cof qldof:bl,pdrf: ref:qof;qldof:eef. rldof;ugef, bmrf;yAefcAefuefbl,aO zldof,ref:qof; ugj,sz;rAwf.wj,bof.aw. ckdef:yAeftlnf:vDuef-eh xmif,awbmrf;idef:bl,/ tefeef. yAefyldof; pSif:rAwf.wj, xkdifwD;sv; qif,yAeftldof;/

vldofaOeef. tefpof:qof;uof, Olif,rAwf.wj,yefzD yefOmifcofeef.aw. bgef.cof rD:NzD(WdYfYaOjw) tefidef:OAifvhg:? OAifwD;uhvh;eef.sv; cofwkdef:pyf.Mif: Nrfqlrf:rAwf.wj, tefulef:pof: Olif,yefcofeef. vh;urf:vAofbof./ vldofaOeef. qof;xgwf;qof;rBmwf;cof qldof:vh;nmef, NzDeef.auj; cofqof; wkdef:pyf.Mif: xmwf;rAwf.wj, tefyldef;wmif,auj. Olif,ql:cofqof;eef. vh;urf:vAofbof./ wgif:oh.sv;e/

56. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J vduf;wh:pof:cj; awrD:awj,xkdifqef.v[ykef.cj;? ayj:ylef.qef.rlwf:bof.vl: awrD:Okef,cdkeff;pAef:wD;v[ qdlif.pdkofxSif;cj;/


wgyf,= umefpAef: tefoj;eh. yAefumefxSif;pSif: wmif:pk? wmif:arj P;pkarjvDvDtldof;/ayj:arjvDbof.auj; vlof,Okdyf,tofpAwf:umefudefvAif.wgif.? y[.yj: qldof.cldof:? omef;rldif:? Oj,Oej, ugj,rldof:ej;eef.ej,/ bgef.eefsv;umefpAef:vduf;wh:auj; ayj:arjvDbof.qkdif vlof,ckdef:pAwf:cl:aO ylifOgefyefyldef;ckdef:tldof;/Oifoj; c[;arjvduf;yldef; wmif,qldof.wmif, cldof:ehauj; vlof,pjpAef:xSif; rguf;uj;emef.ulnf: eif,uof,tldof;/ ayj:c[;pAwf: eif,eefaw. trf,vkdof;trf,Oof:aO Okdyf,umefpAef: awj,ayj:xof;ayj:wmhauj; vh;bl,/ ulnf:uj; wkdef:awvh;pAwf:way:yldef;ugj, awj,qlof;eef.ulnf:bof./

57. ydkif;tdif q[b[, wmif:N. qAifcrf:vSif:pof:aO bgef:xmrftdwf:edkif;cj;J

1. eif,pdkofyD;egif.wh: qdlof:bl,omef;eguf;ej:ymif,pof:cof awygif,q[ vgif;vduf;vmh:aOP;ayj:rD:q[ ch;pAef: ch;pkvduf;pof:? vduf;ydlef;/

2. eif,pdkofulef:ekrfwh: oef:rdlof;eh. cofawrD:q[ch;qgh;xSrfumefwh:pof:cj;eef. iof;ij,ydlifvlifref: yAefwD;v[? z[v[rD:ykef;zgef:erfvdlofydlef;cj;/


wgyf,= vlof,pAwf:P;cof pkquf:wlofuof,? P;cofpkykdef: qmof:cldof:sv; omef;rldif: wlofuof,tldfof;/


ulef:pof:eh. ayj:trf,pkpmif; pkwlofauj; bl,qvldof;qvj,aO udefcof; y[.oef:wmhulnf:bof./

58. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;Jvh;pef qof;Ipmef:Oif,cj,pof:cof urf;zgif; rldof;awOkif:Ogrf:sv;Mrf:rkdof:oh; zldefcof;? vldofaOeef. qof;yj:vAuf.rj:uef,awj:sv; qof;yj:b[,cof Orf.Mrf:rkdof:oh;ckdef: qof;yj:vAuf.qldof:eef. qgif,rSef;vgif;ref:cj;/

qmh:xlof. vmh:cj;/

wgyf,= e[:odeh: ql,voj, wD;ySuf;vduf; 312eef. seoh. zl;tef qof;Ipmef:cof trf,vDoh; Odyf:auj. oj;-

1. qof;Ipmef: tefoj,vAuf.?2. qof;Omif,sv; ulef:Ndef:?3. zl;b[, tefbdyf:urf oj,wzdwf:ydlif;?4. emif:bdif:?5. ulef:wknf: (ulef:zl;sr;)?6. Ipmef: tefOguf.sw,omwf;?7. Ipmef: tefvlof,wkdwf.qefql: iof;ykdif:?8. Ipmef: tefvDyef rj,emwf;?9. Ipmef: tefwkduf.uBmif.urf rj,emwf;sv;10. Ipmef: tefvlof,OGmif:tyf.zmef,-eh

bof./ tefserj:bof. yAefykuf.ulof, tefqof;Ipmef:cof trf,vDoh;aO ykuf.ulof, tefvDoh;qrf.-

1. qof;Ipmef: tefoj,b[,?

2. qof;wlefvlif tefqgrf:yldifxrf,rsv;wif:qof;uof, vgif;bl,Oof: trf,Nrf;uef?

3. Tzj:yAefqof;-ehOmrfyldifbof./ ykuf.ulof,teftrf,ukdif,vDoh;eh. e[:odeh: yIdoj, wD;

ySuf;vduf; 467 eef.auj; bif:seoh.xSif; vl:ugef,bof./

ayj:wlnf: eif,serj:bof.eh. ukdif,vDoh;z[?trf,ukdif,vDoh;z[eef. xmif,awvSif:q[bof./e[:OAef;tefvDoh;auj; trf,yj: cldif;trf,rD:q[?e[:OAef; teftrf,vDoh;auj; trf,yj: cldif;trf,rD:q[aOrAof:/ bgef.eefsv; vgif;Mrf:rkdof:oh;zldefcof;eef.aw. ygif,oj; trf,xkuf;eif,uof,/vldofaOeef. vgif;tef zl;b[, oh;ql:zl;vAuf.eef.auj; trf,xkuf,eif,uof,/ yldiftefMrf:rkdof:oh;zldefcof;sv; oh;ql:zl;vAuf.eh. yAefzdif;xkif:tefcof;rj: wmif:xh:/ bgef.wh: uh.ugj,sv,rldif:xh:sv; wh:qmif;bldif; Orf.bldif;tofydlifxh:sv; qif,Mrf:rkdof:oh; wD;teftrf,ukdif,vDoh;-ygif,q[eif,eh/

wD;zdwf:ref:aw. ugj,zdwf: wD;tefoj;]Oj,xk}sv; wif:tef Mrf:rkdof:oh;eef.tldof;/wD;sw. wif:tefoj; Oj,xksv; wif:umeftefMrf:rkdof:oh;eef. ref:uyf:umh, wj,zl;vAuf.wif:OgifyldifaOw wj,zl;b[,aw. vmwf;tguf,Olyf:oj; ]Ojxk}ehaOw trf,wmyf;vlof,Mrf:rkdof:oh; pAwf:Oifygif,vgif;/ vgif;eh. wlnf:tofrldof;Tzj:yAefqof; abj:cdif:ugj,ql: qof;te kIkwf.xj,? qof;udrdvsv; qof;eef,wdb rldof;cofqof; bl,Oof:Nrf;uef wD;vlifrh.yof:auj:Odif,u-eheef.auj; pkbof./ rldof;eef. Tzj:yAefqof; ugj,xmrfcofqof;oj; ]]qgifOl bl,vDOkif:omef? qgif,wkif:Ogrf:vh;? qgif,xkuf,arjayj:uGmrf:uefpkdof}}ehqugj,? qof;tekIkwf.xj,vof;oj; ]]bl,vDOkif:omefbl,? wkif:Ogrf: vh;bl,cj;? xkuf,arjuefbl,cj;}}ehauj; Tzj:yAefqof;vmwf;tguf,ymuf,oj; ]]Ojxk Ojxk=vDtldof;? vD


tldof;}}ehbof./ Tzj:yAefqof; oj;]]Ojxk}}ehaOw uSef,qof; wkdef:trf,Mrf:rkdof:oh;/ vgif;eh. zl;ygifumef Oj,Oej, qldof:oj,b[, vDpkoh.sw."bof./ tefvDpkoh.aw. umefMrf:rkdof:oh;sv; wif:acj;uGmrf:tefoj; ]]OjXk}}eheef.ref:trf,q[; wD;ygif,tefvAofuef-eheef.bof./ wgif:oh.sv;e/

59. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J ulef:tefvh;Twj:tefoj;eef. ref:rdlefqldif.pdkofoh.cj;? bof.auj;ulef:tefyh,vh;Twj:eef.Orf. yAefulef:rAof:pdkofcj;/

qmh:bgwf; vghzknf: omef;qmwf;/

wgyf,= ulef:vh;Twj:-tefoj;eh. yAefulef:qldof:tefbkrf,brf pefvD eldofIwej, Omrfqof;wArfwD;vD? trf,qldif, trf,oh eef.tldof;/yldef;q[.oj; Tzj:eh. trf,q[;Tzj:? Twj:eh. trf,q[;Twj:? Oif,cj,eh. trf,q[;Oif,cj,? Iwej,Omrfqof;eh. trf,rD:ukif,? trf,rD:au:ql:ehauj;tofwmhauj; wkdef:trf,oj;tguf,Olyf:vh;aOwkdef:rD:erf.q[ bkrfbrf pefvD eldofIwej,Omrfqof; wArf;xlef;eef.tldof;/ ulef:eif,eefeef. wD;rmuf,q[cofeef. trf,rD:vh;vgif;xmif,xldrf irf:irf: (odqd udqf!j) eldofIwej,Omrfqof;? trf,rD:ymh:pefzdwf:(rdqf!jWd#f$d)vh;sv; ygif,oj; vh;Twj:bof./ ayj:trf,q[; ulef:eif,eefauj; ygif,oj; yAefulef:trf,vh;Twj:-ehbof./

60. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J tj,Odnfnj,Omwf;ykuf.ulof tefrD:wlofvmhvmh teftrf,rD:q[eeff.ayj:oj; tj;Omuf;ref: OAif;bof. ref:awvh;

cdkef:rj:aw,yAefulef:cdkef:aO xmyf;yj,IrD,xSif;bl,cj;pj./

qmh:bgwf; vhgzknf: omef;qmwf;/

wgyf,= vgif;Omif; yj,IrD, trf,Omif;-tefoj;eef.aw. bl,wD;ref:ckdef:ulnf:eif,uof,/rldefulef:pof: tefrD:bl, e[:rldif:ulef: ymefrldof;vAofeh.ulnf:ugj;/ ulef:pof: rmifauj.eh. oh.yj,IrD,yAefvgif;b[,aO pAwf:umefvDOifauj; cwf:q[P;yAefyj,IrD,bof./ ulnf:uj; rmifauj.aw. trf,q[;eif,eef/ vgrfwlnf: ulef:pAwf:wmif:vl,auj; pkbof./ rmifauj.eh. oh.wmif:vl, yAefyj,IrD,aO vl,aOw ulnf:uj; rmifauj.aw. Orf.c[;vh;qkdof;OAifsv;vl,? trf,bj,vgwf;vh;sv; vl,?tmef:ej,sv; vl,-ehqldof:eh.auj; rD:wif:erfbof./ tefvkuf. tOhnOmwf; rj:yAefulef:eef.auj; awj;uj;emef.ekdif;ulnf: eif,uof,bof./

61. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J ykwf.xcrf:Tzj:yAefqof;auj:wreh. tefyAefulef:ukefygwf:wluf:? ukefygwf:Mif, ukefygwf:tguf,qdlof:eef.uSef,qof; uBj.ugj,apj:Twj:yefcofbl,cj;p/


wgyf,= vgif;Tzj:yAefqof; ugj,apj:Twj:yefz[ wD;v[ apj:vgif;Oif tefoj;qldof:eef. Twj:ref:qof; rD:ykdef:oh.bl, ul;NofNof/ ayj:vAyf;pAef:Twj:qldof:eef.bof.aw. xmif,vh; acj;wgyf,ref:vDvDbof./

62. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J ayj:pAwf:vduf;eh.eif,pdkofOmhwj trf,qAof:rlof:qAof:zdlof;eef.awpAwf:pdkofy[.yj:vkrf:vj:yefcj;/



wgyf,= pAwf:vduf;sv; wj,zldof, wjrlof:auj;rD:bl,? pAwf:ph; pAwf:ej:aO zldof;rlof:ugj,auj;rD:bl,sv; vgif;wjzldof; wjrlof:eh. xmif,ref:awyAefyldof; yldifyAef cmyf;wlofcdif:ulnf:/ ulnf:uj;P;vlrfq[ tdwf:"sw. bj,yef wgif.yduf.? uh.yhwmif:? bj,ayj:eif;erf? bj,ayj:udef tefrh;tefzAwf:sv; tefwgif.yduf.erf vlof,uh.udefyef wmif:udef tefyAefxmwf;uwf: rldefeif, rmuf,uSif:sq;erf.xmef;? zuf:eguf,? zuf:cSof:wgif:qldof:eh.tldof;/

63. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J yyf.xrf:ydwumwf;tefqof;ckefMif ugj,ymif:rj: wD;ykwf.xubj,eef. bmrf:vAofwdkuf.rD:bl,cj;p/


wgyf,= vgif;qldof:eef. ref:yAeftykrf,ulnf:? wD;sw.ref:]ckefMif ymif:xrf:}tefoj;eh. ref:yAefvgif;ulef:pof: ekdif;auj. pjpAef:wmif:pk wmif:arjtldof;/ vgif;yyf.xrf:ydwumwf;eh. trf,vmwf;uGmrf:uyf: vgif;ckefMif ugj,ymif:eef.aO wlnf:tof tefqof;Ipmef: Oif,cj,cofqof; puf.Nrfrj: vmhOkdyf,vmhymefqldof:eef.auj; ukrf,xlef;bof./ yyf.qldof:eef.aw. wkdef:rD:bl, e[:rldif:rmef;? rldif:xh:? rldif:OD,Nof,? rldif:vmof: qldof:eh.wif:erfwif:vmhbof./ rD:e[:rldif:v[aOw yyf.ekdif;sv;yyf.ekdif;? Nofekdif;sv; Nofekdif; rldefuefrlwf:bof./

64. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J ulef:pAwf:Odkuf:cofeh. ayj:tguf,ej;Odkuf:aO bdkof:ydlef;wmhehqgif,vh;olwf;(tukOlof,)ref:cj;/

Oktgef, erf.pmrf:uldof/

wgyf,= ayj:olef.oj; wkduf:ySwf; vgif;trf,vDehaw. trf,yAeftukOlof,/ c[;P; vgif;vD sz;vldif,? c[;P;ulef:rldif: vh;bl,imrf: cBmrf:Oj,sv;uSwf,sc sp.uif; y[.yj:ehaw. yAefukOlof,tldof;/

65. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;Jcj;pefayj:ulef:wh:cdkef;vgheh uh.vh;pef tefcofauj,oh.rmuf,pdefyAefugifyAefugif Mif.oj;qj,wD, bdlif:tefqdlif.eif,pdkofaO auj,oh.cj;/

Oktgef, erf.pmrf:uldof/

wgyf,= qj,wD,-eheef. vkuf.wD;uGmrf:yj,vdtefoj; ]aqwd}eheef.aOsv; yAefrj:tldof;?ygif,oj;]]wD;uldof:vD? wD;ydkif;tdif? wD;q[b[, cdif:ykdif;}ehtldof;/ ref:ugj,xkdif eldofvhgeldofvj,aOwq[trf,zmwf,Tzj:? wkduf.olef.cgyf,xkdif vgif;ukif,Tzj:yAefqof; tefyAefwD;ykdif;tdif uldof:vDeef.sv; tofrmuf,pdefeef. wmifoh.qlof;cmof:? P;yAefwD;rmhwgif: vgif;ckuf:q[vh;Tzj:-ehauj; oj;vh;tldof;/

vldofaOeef. Orf.tofpAwf: wD;uldof:vD wj,vgif;ugj,rj:auj; oj;vh;tldof;/ vgif;qof;uof, bmrf;ugj,wmif:eef. wmif:eh.eef. P;yAefwD;rmhwgif:ulofuGifwmif:? ayj:uGifrj:auj; Oifoj; pefrSef;rmuf,pdef tefqof;uof, cyf.oh.eef.qkdif qmif;wgif:wmif:ckdef:vh;? yAefwD;uldof:vD wj,rmhwgif:vgif;ugj,rj:yh-ehauj; oj;vh;tldof;/ vgif;eif,eheh. wkdef:yAefyldif wlofrD:q[bof./ rldefeif, rjugj,qgrf:wmif:sv; uh.uh. so;tguf,wmif:aO ugj,bAof;O[,oh. qgrf:wlef;rh. wlef;bldof;bj; qldof:eef.bof./ cofauj; yAefwjrmhwgif: vgif;ugj,rj:bj,P;uGifwmif:uj;emef.ekdif;bof./


66. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J e[:Oif,cj,qof;wif:erfeef. clof:vl,pof:cj; Oifpof:bdlif:tmef:vl, wj,wlefvAofugh:ehcj;vl: qgif,Orf.awvh;oj;wmif:vl,vdluf;ej;ehcj;/

qdkef;oef: omef;ykif, rdlif:bh/

wgyf,= oj;vh;tldof;/ ulnf:uj; nj:rldof; vl,wj,wmif:erfauj; vlof,arjaO nj:rldof; vlduf;ej;aO vl,eef.auj; vlof,arjvl,eef.ej,/ clof:vuf: clof:qof;uof,? z[c[;oj;Oifauj; yhg,cofoj;aOqof;uof, vlof,pAwf:Oifauj; pAwf:vh;bof./

67. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J qmof:cdlof:ykwf.xzj,Oj,pof:cj;eh. tgefuefbkrf,brfoj; iImh:tefoj;eef. rD:sw.bl,ehaOwj.auj; urf;zgif;Orf. wdkuf.pAwf:umeftrf,vDtukOlof,bl,cj;aej/


wgyf,= trf,yh,bgrf:pyf. vgif;zgef:vD zgef:qref:sv; pAwf:auj; yAefvh;? trf,yh,bkrf,sw.sv; pAwf:auj; yAefvh;? puf.umeftrf,vDvldof cmof:wmif:Orf,OIj,wlofuof,sv; pAwf:auj;yAefvh;-ehqldof:eh.tldof;aej;/

68. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J ydlifvuf.cej,ulef:uSuf:cofeh. rD:qldif.pdkofcj;/


wgyf,= ayj:tofTwj: Tzj:yAefqof; tefapj:oh. e[:yj,vyef,wdwOkwf;eef.aw.ulef:pAwf:umefvD yAefulef:vD? ulef:pAwf:umefuSuf:auj; yAefulef:uSuf:-ehoj,/ vgif;vDsv; vgif;uSuf:eh. yldifxwf:ref: awyldif;uefbl,/ ulnf:

uj; vgif;Oifauj;vD? tofTzj:oj;eh. zAif,ckdif;vldofyldef;Okwf:bof./

69. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J Oifoj;ulef:auj.edkif; xkuf,ydlef;tgef;ogef:aO puf:vifcdkeff:wD;auj.tefrD:ukif,rkefoh.edlofref: rdlefeif,ayj;ar; cl:Ogef yD;egif. rl,qkrf: auj.qrfq[ref:bof. yj:ugj,zmh,ydlef;ehcj;vl: wif:pefxkdifqAifcrf:vSif:pof:Orf. rD:qdlif.pdkofcj;/


wgyf,= pefxkdifoj; wmif:pkref: wkdef;ej,ehtldof;/ vgif;vD tduf,vgif;qeh. vlof,tofuGmrf:uyf:xkuf,wh: tefoj; ]]yldef;vD trf,wmef,pof:pmh.}}eheef. pAwf:uGmrf:qyf:Olyf:bl,/

70. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J zl;auj.tefuh.oj;]]r[:trf,vlof,rj:Oif,Ogefuof wif:N.uof b[,vdlofaOr[:}}ehqldof:eef. e[:q[cofOrf.uh.xmif,qdlif.pdkofcj;/


wgyf,= Okwf:wD; OAifref: ayj:tguf,oj;]]wSwf:wSof: wSwf:wSof:}}ehbl,bof.vl:/ cofxmif,b[, wlofcofeef.ej,/

71. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J wD;tefydlef;vlof,wmif:qgh;xSrfpof:eef. ayj:pof:ugj,qgh;xSrfcofaO ulef:pdrf:Mrf:Orf. sO.se:pof:cj;vl:awvh;pAwf:qdlif.pdkofcj;/


wgyf,= bkdef.uef; P;yAef cef,wD,yj,IrD,eef.ej,/ umefvDeh. yldef;sO.aOw wkdef:awvh;pAwf:? umefpmh.eh. yldef;bgif;aOw wkdef:awvh;ySwf;tldof;/


72. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J umefvgif;b[, wj,qmwf;ymefqof;uof,rdlof:ej; awvDeef. awvh;olef.qdlif.pdkofbof. pAwf:Omif;ugj,cmof:bmrf:v[cj;/


wgyf,= vlof,olef.oj; ]]rldof;oj: trf,pAwf:oh.rldof;eh. qif,yAefeh? rldof;eh. trf,pAwf:xj; rldof:ej;rj: cSef:ej,? rldof;ugef,vh;pAwf:oh. rldof;eh.qif,yAefeh? ayj:rldof;eh. pAwf:xj;-rldof:ej;awvh;Oldof:}}ehaO vlof,vkuf.pAwf:ugj, bmrf:olef.vh;eef. urf:vAof;bof./ trf,vlof,y[.oef:xkef: oef:xgef:Oifbof./

73. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J aq,wej,eh.trf,udkif,wmef,ulef:ul;auj.eh q[;sw.bl,cj;pj./


wgyf,= vuf:rmhcmof:wmif: tefzl;ygifumefwmif:cof yuf:oh. qgrf:cmif;wmif:eef. e[:rldif:wh:aw. uh.vh;pef Mh:z? Mh:xkyf. Mh:whg,oh.bl,/vuf:rmh cmof:wmif:eef. yldef;oh.aq,wej, wj,ulef:c[;pk? wj,ulef:vlof,pkaO yuf:oh.aOwulef:trf,rD:wmif:pk Orf.ugj,bySwf;eef. ygif,oj; ]]aq,wej, ulef:yuf: vuf:rmhcmof:wmif:eef. ref:trf,ukdif,wj, ulef:bblif;}}ehbof./tefrldefeif,eefauj; rD:xSif;wif:erf wif:vmhbof./ bgef.eefsv; aq,wej,eh. ref:trf,udkif,wmef, ulef:ul;auj.}}eheef. q[;oj;q[;?rSef;oj;rSef;bof./

74. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J tefoj;ayj:uyf:umh,umefxdkiftOmuf;rj:eh Orf.oj;vh;wmhauj;bof. bj,ayP;OdefOD,vpof:vkeheef. c[;

rmhxdkif qdlof:bkrf,brfudlof:vD ykwf.xzj,Oj,tefvAofulnf:cj;p/


wgyf,= Twj:acj;eh. bgef.yAef uGmrf:Ogefe[:Oj,Oej, ykwf.xulnf:sv; vh;oj; wj,ulef:qldof:tef bkrf,brf ykwf.xOj,Oej,ulnf:tldof;/

75. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J cj;way: trf,qSif;vSif:sv; bgef:oh;vof;xmrfxdkifcj;? teef,wukif, teef,wudlif: Ogiftefeh. e[:vduf;xrf:qgif,rD:cj;? ayj:rD:eh teef,wuldif:eh.rD:vmhyj:cj;/

tnf,nwI (OefvghySuf,)

wgyf,= teef,wukif,eh. yAefukif,au:ql:Tzj:? Twj:? Oif,cj,? TOj, sv; ayj;sr;tldof;/Tzj:? Twj:? Oif,cj,? TOj, sv; ayj;sr; cofqof;pj;yldif;eh. yAefteef,wuldif:? yAefuldif: teef,wbof./ ygif,oj; qof;tefrD:au:ql:b[,erf eldofvkuf;Odwf;way:ehtldof;/

76. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J teef,w tefwSuf;tefedlif: trf,rD:erfvdlofeh bmrf;vlpefe[:yyf.vduf; zl;wSrf;vduf;qof;edkif;oj; e[:yyf.zdkefxrf: rdvdef,wynf,pj,oj;eh. teefwuke teef,wukif,eh. rD:Tzj:yAefqof;ulnf:ehcj;? tefcj;bmrf;vlpefbl, awj;vAofeh.teef,wukif, Orf.rD:oh.pj;yj:eh ugj,ydlif;uefoh.wD;v[cj;/


wgyf,= e[:vkrf;zeh. auj.tefsw,oj;]]Tzj:? Twj:? Oif,cj,? TOj,? ayj;sr;eh. yAef


qof;au:ql:tldof;}}eheef. yAefTzj:yAefqof;tldof;/ bgef.eefsv; ulef:pof: qif,tgefuefpkquf: au:ql: Tzj:? Twj:? Oif,cj,? TOj,? ayj;sr;rj:tldof;? bgef.eefsv; Tzj:yAefqof; qif,yAefqof;teef,wukif, wlefvAoftldof;/ ulnf:uj;omh:aO uSef,qof; qdqrf;sebof.aw. ulef:pof: qif,tgef bl,e[:yldif acj;Oif,Ogef uSef,qof;aO pkpef ukif,auB:ql: Twj:? Oif,cj,? TOj,sv; ayj;sr;rj:sv; qif,Ogef,yAefrj: pj;yj:tldof;/

77. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J bgef.oj;emif:ar:qof;uof, trf,rD:vkuf;qgrf:qof;uof,vh;aO vh;ugj,bgef:tof erf.vkuf;(yD,q) wD;ydlef; rj:udlwf,yAefvkuf;pof:bof. Oifoj;vkuf;tgef,b[,rj:sv;ugj,pSrfwmhnj: auj.yeferf.vkuf; P;yAefulef:eef.eh qgif,vkuf;tgef,auj.eef. zdwf:rSef;nj: umrf,euf:ejvlifpj;ydlifbl,cj;pdkof/


wgyf,= ayj;sr; tefoj;eh. yAefauj.teftofq[rAwf.wj, uIkej, rkwdwj, tkyAuf.cj,aOvkrf:vj: wlnf:xkdif vkuf;vmif:sv; vkuf;vmif:auj; eyf.brf pefvD oj;]ref:yAefayj;}? trf,eef ]yAefsr;}eheef.tldof;/ ayj:rAwf.wj,coftrf,xkdifuefsv; vgif;ygif,q[ trf,xkdifuefeef.aw. trf,Ogef,yAef umrf,euf:ejvh;/

78. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J vduf;xrf:oj; ykwf.w> rj,aewDwd rjwj tefoh.uj;cefvkuf; tefarjpuf.Mrfvkuf;eef. Mif.rj,wj,sr;bof.eh/rdlefqldif.eif, emif:bdif:cof udlwf,vkuf;tgef,cofbof. tofokdwf.ySwf;qgrf:ulnfbdlof, zif,wmif:

qdlof:eef. qgif,cofcof;yj: e[:tefvkuf;vmif:xkuf,Mif. teef,wukif,bl,cj;pdkof? qgif,udkif,vDMif.sr;bl,ehcj;pdkof/


wgyf,= yduf.Orf.oj; uldwf,vkuf;bof.aO okdwf.ySwf; qgrf:ugifbkuf:bmuf:aOw erf.q[ tefpuf.eldofvkuf;eef.aw. pkwkdef:rD:bl,/ ulnf:uj;trf,vldofvh; yldifyAefzoref:sv; zovkuf;tgef, yefyAefrj:oh.eef.sv; qif,xkdifOmif.ySwf;vkuf;vmif: uj;emef.ekdif;ulnf:/ yduf.Orf.oj; ySwf;aOw q[puf.Nrfaw. wkdef:rD:bl,sv;xlduf;yAefsr;bl,ulnf:/ ayj;auj; awj,eefulnf:eif,uof,/

79. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J e[:rdvdef,wyef,pj,eef. (1) e[:wlef;cof;eef. wlef;cof;tefwdkuf.rD:Nif:erf.elrf: rBmwf;vdlofydlef;? (2)erf.Orf,rkwf.wIj,eh. trf,pyf.vh;wlofwl,eof; tefoj;eef. vgif;wmif:yAefqdlof.pdkofbgef.Oifeh ydkif;qAifcrf:vSif: Oyf:qSif;yefb[,erfaOurf:cj;/

wdkuf.vwf: ukefpAof: xkif.erf.ygif;

wgyf,= awj.sw. Oyf:vSif:yefulnf:auj;ayj:ygif,q[aw. vh;bof.ugj;aej;? trf,wmyf;oj;b[,erfbof.ugj;/ ]wlef;cof; tefwkduf.rD: Nif:erf.elrf: rBmwf;vldofyldef;} tefoj;eef. trf,q[;sv; rBmwf;vlnf; vgif;rkef vgif;Odef/ ygif,oj; ref:ckduf.wgef: vldofyldef;? omefvD vldofyldef;qldof:yAefcof;Oj:? cof;yD;umh yDtgefqldof:eef.ehtldof;/ bgef.eefsv; yldef;pAwf:tl;? cof;rof;eef. yldef;qif,tof cof;ekrf," pAwf:tldof;/


erf.Orf,rkwf.wIj,qrf. bgef.ref:rD: pSif:vlrf:xgif:? qmif;tD:xgif:ySwf; rkef;qugj, qldof:rofeef. P;zif,zmyf; ckdef;ukefugj,tldof;/ tefeuf:ref:aw. qlrfvlif:ugj,e[:yldef.ref:ykef.sv; qlrfcof; e[:wkdif:ref:tldof;/ wlofwl, wlofeofeh. bgef.ref:u[;? rD:vlrf:rj:sv; ref:wkdef:zl:? ref:rof/ bgef.eefsv; qif,zif,zmyf;ckdef;qgrf:zif, qgrf:ukeftldof;/

80. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J rdlof;ymefTzj:yAefqof;auj:wrpof:eef. qof;Ipmef:cof urf;zgif; q[.vmh:tdIdbj,yx (wlif.edkkif) qkuf:sv;yhzmh;ulnf: idef:N.eif,ehatj;? e[:eef. yAefqof;qdlof:v[vmhvmhcj;/ Odefqj wkyId Okwf.xdqof;Ipmef:cofeef. yAefqdlof:v[eheef.auj;ydkif;qAifcrf:vSif:pof: qSif;yef b[,b[,erferfaOurf:cj;/

wdkuf.vwf: ukefpAof:? xkif.erf.ygif;

wgyf,= yh? qkuf:? eif;? egef: e[:OD,ydlifqldof:eh. qof;quf.ckyj,vaw. vh;pkoj; ref:qof;eif;? qkuf:sv;yhulnf:? trf,egef:-ehbof./vldofaO ref:qof;auj; rD:xSif;bl, wif:erf?ayj:c[;pkaq:qof; aq:yj:vDaw. Okdyf,vAyf;pAef: xSif;pmrf.erfsv;e/

81. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J bmrf;idef:N.oj;yj,Ij,qdu ulef:Ndef:tefqmif;ap.pmrf; bj,P;vh;Twj:rmuf;zlof,eef.auj; rD:bl,eh? e[:eef.yAefqdlof:v[vmhvmhcj;/


wgyf,= umef yh,qj,eef,wIdb pj;yldifsv;edbwrdwf.Oj,wdwf.xdtldof;/ vgrfwlnf: e[:

rj,wduj, tefoj; edbwj Xrfrj? tedbwjXrfrj-eheef.sv;/ e[:eef. trf,ugrf.oj;qof;Ipmef:Oif,cj,ulnf: wluf:Okrf:zoqmwf;ymef vgif;ckdef;b[,/ uj;yAefulef: qldof:pAwf:zdwf: yh,qj,eef,wIdbumrf, pj;yldifsv; yAefedbwrdwf.Oj,wdwf.xdeef. vgif;ckdef;b[,wkdef:wluf:Okrf:rlwf:rlwf:bof./

82. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J qof;Ipmef:tefymh:bl,vD trf,wArfxlef;sv; trf,idlif.so;vh;oduj,vazj:qeeef. ayj:cwf:q[pAef:umefodywf.Oej,sw.sw.oj;oj;qdkif qgif,awvh;xlyf:Twj:xl:vh;cj;/


wgyf,= e[:ykdef:aw. trf,bmrf;pefrSef;vgif;v[aOwD;? zdwf:rSef; oduj,vsv; vh;Twj:xl:tldof;-ehauj; trf,bmrf;pef? zdwf:rSef; oduj,vsv; trf,vh;Twj;xl:-ehauj; trf,bmrf;pef/ ulnf:uj; qof;tefrD: ukuf.ukuf.q=vgif;eSifq[? umefvDsv; trf,vh;pAwf:auj;eSifq[? vh;pAwf:rSef; umeftrf,vDsv; eSifq[qldof:eef.aw. vh;pefcofqof; trf,vh;Twj:aO vkOkrf:ymefugj,tldof;/ bgef.eefsv; tefvlof,wkduf:awj:ySwf; wD;rmuf,Nofq[ z[ref:eef.aw. pefoj; yAefukuf.ukuf.q tefoj;eef.bof./ygif,q[aOurf:e/

83. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J Tzj:vgif:qof;ao,Oef,wIj,eh. omh:aOtofvkuf;ar:qof;vl,ugj,bof.auj; vh;cmrf,wmif:wkuf.c tefvh;zmwf,bmefwif:auj.ar:puf.ej,eef.aO cof;ugj,ph;e[:uRif:Ojvj:eef.sv; vdlwf;ayj:vh;tguf,rj:wD;rmuf,wj oj;ehatj; qgif,q[;sw.cj;/



wgyf,= ykdef:qof;aoOef,eef. Okdyf,pj P;pef yyf.iof;ref:aO vlsv;/ yyf.tefauj.eef. auj.eh. sr:O[,Ohg; O[,OD? sr:O[,rD,O[,uD:ref:oh. rguf;uj;emef.ulnf:aw. qmif;awyefwmif:pk tefzdwf:ydlif;tldof;/ qAifcrf:vSif:aw. awj.sw. vh;pkoj; ]yAefq[trf,vDugj,}ehrguf;uj;emef.ekdif;ulnf:/

84. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J wlnf:ydkef:Tzj:tvgif:qof;aw,rdeef.aO Oif,vmwf;oj;]]rAwf.wj,sr;}}eh. b[,vdlofaO ]]rAwf.wj,ayj;}} ehqgif,awxkuf,rSef;cj;/


wgyf,= xkuf,bl,/ rAwf.wj,sr;eh. wkdef:yAefyldifbldif;vlif vgif;rAwf.wj,bof./ uj;wD; e[:rAwf.wj,Okwf;? tefoj; ]rjwj bxj edb> ykwfwrj-bkOj}eheef.auj; tofrAwf.wj,sr; pAwf:ydlifb[,aO apj:oh.bl,eif,uof,/ bgef.eefsv; vgif;oj; rAwf.wj,sr; b[,vldofayj; tefoj;eef.wkdef:rSef;bl,bof./

85. qAifcrf:vSif:cj;J rldof;qof;Ipmef:Oif,cj,qof;cof awOkif:Ogrf:sv; vgwf;tguf,Olyf:eef. urf;zgif;auj; vgwf;oj; ]OYfY aIjUjodeDrkwfawj? OYfYDwdabj}/ ulnf:uj; urf;zgif;Orf. vgwf;ywf.qouf.cej,}eef. tefv[Omif,xkuf,cj;/ ayj:trf,vgwf;aO udefOkif:urf:vAof trf,vh;cj;p/


wgyf,= vgwf;oj; OYfY aIjUj? OYfYDwdabjeheef.auj; xkuf,? clef.ch; ywf.qouf.cej,eef.aO udefOkif:auj; xkuf,bof./ wD;ygif,

ref:aw. tefvgwf;oj; ]OYfY aIjUj? OYfYD-wdabj:aO udefOkif:eef. ygif,oj; Olif,rAwf.wj,aO udefOkif:bof./ tefvgwf;oj; uGmrf:clef.ch; ywf.qouf.cej,aO udefOkif:eef.clef.ch; ywf.qouf.cej,aOsv; udefOkif:bof./ yAefuGmrf:sz;wldef:rAwf.wj,sv; uGmrf:clef.ch;ywf.qouf.cej,bof./ rldof;awudefOkif:sv; clef.ch; ywf.qouf.cej,eef. xkuf,vldofsz;wldef: rAwf.wj,bof./ rAwf.wj,zj,oej,aw. trf,sz;wldef: cmof:Okif:Ogrf:eef.aOsz;wldef: wmif,cmof:eef.auj; vh;bl,/ ulnf:uj; vgif;ckuf:clef.olef.ch; ywf.qouf.cej,eef.aw. wkdef:awvh; ckuf:clef. rldof;zgif:Okif:Ogrf:tldof;/ zgif:Okif:Ogrf:-tefoj;eef.trf,q[; ej; rldof;awOkif:Ogrf:? wkdef:awvh;ckuf:clef. zgif:Okif:Ogrf:bl,eef. urf:vAoftldof;/tefckuf:clef. eif,eefeef. ygif,oj; yAefazj:qerwfwnfnl-pkygif, vgif;wmif:udefwmif:bSrf.-ehbof./

vldofaOeef. trf,vgwf;oj;OifaO udefOkif: urf:vAofauj; vh;bof./ ulnf:uj; vgif;clef.ch; ywf.qouf.cej,eef. trf,oj; tguf,Olyf:aO vgrfckuf:clef.tof e[:q[auj; vh;bof./vgif;clef.ch; ywf.qouf.cej,sv; vgif;sz;wldef: rAwf.wj,eef. ref:yAefumefq[ulnf:?trf,q[; umefOlyf:? trf,q[; umefwlof/ bgef.eefsv; trf,oj; tguf,ymuf,aO vgrfckuf:clef.tofe[:q[aOsv; udefOkif:auj; vh;bof./

ayj:trf,N.xmrfsv; qof;vkif:qAifcrf:vSif: awwgyf,su;/

OAef;rmhxj,eymifOgefzdif;si;ykwf.xzj,Oj,?OAef;vkuf;pAef:? cl:Ogefsv;

arjOgefwif:OAif; wlif,oAif:vj;OAof;yD~2015 cmof:rh;

1. xj,eymifOgef uRif:vlifumifrldif: yguf.(12)TOj,qof;vlifrkedef,w (Oif,crpj,ej,butgefNofykdwf,zknf,)~

1. e[:uRif:vlifrD: (2)ymif2. omef;ugif:cj:rD: (1) /3. omef;pmwf,ujrD: (1) /4. omef;ej:rD: (1) /5. omef;ukefvDrD: (1) /6. yguf.clofvgif:rD: (1) /7. yguf.egifpkif:rD: (1) /e[:xj,e(8)wD;eh. vkuf;pAef:-rD:

(440) auj./ cl:Ogef_arjOgef rD: (28)auj./

2. xj,eymifOgef uRif:rmof:crf: yguf.(6)TOj,qof;OkoItgefNofykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD:-(196) auj./ cl:Ogef_arjOgefrD:-(12) auj./

3. xj,eymifOgef uRif:awj:b yguf.(10)TOj,qof;OkretgefNofykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD: (239) auj./ cl:Ogef_arjOgefrD: (10) auj./

4. xj,eymifOgef uRif:cldof:edrf: (vghqmif.)yguf.(9) TOj,qof;Okef,wI tgefNof ykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD: (73) auj./ cl:Ogef_arjOgefrD: (8) auj./

5. xj,eymifOgef uRif:egifrlof TOj,qof;Okre tgefNofykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD: (44)auj./ cl:OgefrD: (2) qof;/

6. xj,eymifOgef uRif:ngif,ymifOj, TOj,qof;Okre tgefNofykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef: rD:-(55) auj./ cl:OgefrD: (2) qof;/

7. xj,eymifOgef uRif:ugif:su: (tD,emh:)TOj,qof;yef,wdw tgefNofykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD: (52) auj./ cl:OgefrD: (4) qof;/

8/ xj,eymifOgef uRif:rguf,wgif:-eh. TOj,qof;ae,rdef,w tgefNofykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD:(115)auj./ cl:OgefrD:(4)auj./

9. xj,eymifOgef uRif:erf.yl TOj,qof;ae,rdef,w tgefNofykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD:(66) auj./ arjOgefrD: (4) auj./

10. xj,eymifOgef uRif:egifckef, TOj,qof;eIdef,w tgefNofykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD:(56) auj./ arjOgefrD: (3) auj./

185qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 1 1 1

11. xj,eymifOgef uRif:rguf,vgef. TOj,qof;ukao,I tgefNofykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD:(340) auj./ cl:Ogef_arjOgefrD: (12) auj./

12. xj,eymifOgef uRif:ykif:xkef TOj,qof;qef,wj,oI tgefNofykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD:(85) auj./ arjOgefrD: (2) auj./

13. xj,eymifOgef uRif:ugifcrf:-omef;egifuGmh:eh. yl,su,tgif, tgefNofykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD: (120) auj./ arjOgefrD: (5) auj./

14. xj,eymifOgef uRif:vlifegifrgef TOj,qof;uodxq tgefNofykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD:(304) auj./ cl:Ogef_arjOgefrD: (13) auj./

15. xj,eymifOgef uRif:rldif:wldef: erf.ygif;TOj,qof;odvj,O tgefNofykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD: (86) auj./ arjOgefrD: (3) auj./

16. xj,eymifOgef uRif:ao,vkoef, (erf.ygif;) TOj,qof;ae,rdef,w tgefNofyk dwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD: (143) auj./ arjOgefrD:(9) auj./

17. xj,eymifOgef uRif:yof:ej:clif. qof;cl:eef,wdb tgefNofykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD: (60) auj./ arjOgefrD: (2) auj./

18. xj,eymifOgef uRif:ckrf,qlif(xkif.erf.ygif;) TOj,qof;eef,wj,ODId tgef,Nofyk dwf, zknf,~vkuf;pAef:rD: (50) auj./ cl:OgefrD: (2) qof;/

19. xj,eymifOgef omef;ej:Omif:cSif:(xkif.erf.ygif;) TOj,qof;eef,wj,OD,Id ckrf,qliftgefNofykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD: (26) auj./arjOgefrD: (2)auj./

20. xj,eymifOgef uRif:omef;ySef; (xkif.erf.ygif;) TOj,qof;eef,awj:zj,O tgef,

Nofykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD: (130) auj./ cl:Ogef_arjOgefrD: (4) auj./

21. xj,eymifOgef omef;umifvlif Nofckdef;uRif:omef;ySef; TOj,qof;eef,awj:zj,OtgefNofykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD: (45) auj./arjOgefrD: (2) auj./

22. xj,eymifOgef uRif:ukefpAof: (xkif.erf.ygif;) TOj,qof;eef,wj,qjI tgefNofykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD: (75) auj.? cl:Ogef_arjOgefrD: (3) auj./

23. xj,eymifOgef uRif:wgef:ae, (xkif.erf.ygif;) TOj,qof;vlifeef,wdb tgefNofykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD: (128) auj./ cl:Ogef_arjOgefrD: (3) auj./

24. xj,eymifOgef uRif:Nofymh (xkif.erf.ygif;) TOj,qof;auj:vdef,w tgefNofykdwf,zknf,~vkuf;pAef:rD: (97)auj./ cl:Ogef_arjOgefrD: (5)auj./

25. xj,eymifOgef uRif:rldif:ymh TOj,qof;eef,wj,OD,Id tgefNofykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD:(66) auj./ cl:Ogef_arjOgefrD: (3) auj./

26. xj,eymifOgef uRif:auBj,wD: (xkif.erf.ygif;) TOj,qof;odqdef,wj, tgefNofykdwf,zknf,~vkuf;pAef:rD: (42) auj./ cl:Ogef_arjOgefrD: (3)auj./

27. xj,eymifOgef uRif:omef;aq; (xkif.erf.ygif;) TOj,qof;qedef,w tgefNofykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD: (83) auj./ cl:OgefrD: (2)qof;/

28. xj,eymifOgef omef;ej:pdwf: Nofckdef;uRif:omef;aq; TOj,qof;qedef,w tgefNof

186 qAifcrfvSif: 1 1 1 1 1

ykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD: (45) auj./ cl:OgefrD:(2) qof;/

29. xj,eymifOgef uRif:erf.ygif; TOj,qof;auj:odw tgef,Nofykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD: (98)auj./ cl:Ogef_arjOgefrD: (5) auj./

30. xj,eymifOgef uRif:vliferf.r tldif,erf.r TOj,qof;tdef,wu tgefNofykdwf,zknf,~vkuf;pAef:rD: (160) auj./ cl:OgefrD: (7) qof;/

31. xj,eymifOgef uRif:omef;Ol; qof;crf:tgefNofykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD: (210) auj./cl:Ogef (3) qof;/ arjOgef (3) auj./

32. xj,eymifOgef omef;N:rlef; arjOgefqmh:vj.auBj, tgefNofykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD:(95) auj./ arjOgefrD: (4) auj./

33. xj,eymifOgef omef;Ol;oef:wluf:vgif:arjOgefqmh:vj.auBj,tgefNofykdwf,zknf, vkuf;pAef:rD: (54) auj./ arjOgef (3) auj./

34. xj,eymifOgef uRif:eluf.ulwf: yl,su,omef;eluf.ulwf: tgefNofykdwf,zknf,~ vkuf;pAef:rD: (84) auj./ arjOgefrD: (4) auj./ yAefqldof:eh.bl,bof./

vldofaOeh. teftrf,vh;OAef;rmh ref:vDvD rldefeif,xkif.wj;ykif,? rldif:wArf? ukif:Oj,?ymifej:? xkif.rldif:abj? rldif:uSwf; qldof:eh.auj;bif:rD:xSif;ugef,? oh.aOvj; yDej;yDvkdef: qif,ckdef:ykdefcmof,xSif; rD:eif,ehbof./

auj.uAyf:wmif,ykdefcmof,-arjOgef pSif:Omrfcmof:

ymifOgefvduf;wh:cmof:rh;-omef;yef:awj:oAif:wlef;wD:

arjOgefbdif:crf:ekrf, (oAif:ymifvgif:) sv;arjOgefbdif:rlnftgef, (oAif:vghauj,) cofOgifemif: tofykef;zgef:aO ylifOgefyef vkuf;pAef:wD;omef;yef:awj:? wlif,oAif:wlef;wD:? rdlof;(1.3.2015) eef.aO vkuf;pAef:qef.iof;?edkif;? Ogif Nrf;uefwif:OAif;rD: (120) auj. cof;wgyf, (90) auj.? qmh: ylef.qef. (31) auj.?bdif: ylef.qef. (51) auj.aO pAwf:ygh:vlif:ymifwgef;Ol:vkuf;pAef:bof.wlof;ugj, rdlof;(10.4.2015)eef.bl,bof./

Olif,cmof,- qgrfpmefcdlof: (rdlif:bh)

ymifOgefNif:pAef:xrf,rvduf;vm h:wh:omef;ykif,(rd lif:bh)

arjOgefbdif:crf:egif.? bdif:rBj.qdif,? bdif:rBj.tdif,? bdif:crf:Oj, (omef;ykif,) cofOD,auj.pyf.tofykef;zgef: ylifOgefyefvkuf;pAef: wD;omef;ykif,? sw,rdlof; (29.3.2015) aO vkuf;pAef:(vduf;wh:) qef.iof;? edkif;? Ogifsv; qef.pAef:xrf,rwif:OAif; rD: (138) auj.? rd lof; (30.5.2015)eef. pAwf:ymifwgyf,vduf;qkyf;edkif;aO vdkof;ymifOgefoh.qlof;cmof: vh;N.cmof,rj:eif,ehatj;/

Olif,cmof,- qgrfpmefcdlof: (rdlif:bh)

ymifOgefvduf;zdif;si;ykwf.xsv;vduf;vmh:wh:cmof:rh tdlif,rdlif:ulof:? wj;cD;vAuf:

vh;N.cmof,rj:oj; qkrf:vkuf;pAef:Oif,cwh:(rdlif:xh:) cofqof; (21) yj: Nrf;vlnf;arjOgefzdif;si;vmh:uj; (2) auj. tgefuefrj:ydkwf,zknf,


ymifOgefvduf;cmof:rh; uh;sq;oAif:wj;cD;vAuf:rD:ymifOgef (21) ymif? vkuf;pAef:wif:OAif; rD:bl,(810) auj.? cof;wgyf,vduf; (508) auj.? tgif,cdkef;qef. (303) auj. vh;N.cmof,rj:eif,eh/

Olif,cmof,- odIdbzduf.ck (bD;elef:)

wD;rdlif:b sq;oAif:ulwf.cmhwif;sw,vdlefpj;rlef:awj,xdkif vdlefNuf:

vgif; (8) crf;eef. ]]aujvduf;vmh:sv;zdif;si;wh:rdlif:b}} tgefzgrf.ydkwf,zknf, ymifOgefvduf;vmh:wh: cmof:rh;rj:ul;yDbof./ wD;omef;pdefvlif?omef;pdeftgef,? omef;ej:rgef:? omef;ej:Omif:?omef;aq;? omef;egifcrf:? omef;zj Nrf;qAwf:omef;qdlof:eh. arjOgefqmh:auj.edkif;? arjOgefbdif:Omrfauj. ymifOgefrD:OgifwD;-

1. ydkwf,wD;uRif:omef;aq;? 2. ydkwf,wD; Nif:pAef: ]omef;pdef} ugj,aO vkuf;pAef:wD;omef;pdef qef.iof; cof;wgyf, (30) auj.? tgif, (18)auj.? qef.edkif; cof;wgyf, (26) auj.? tgif, (25)auj.? qef.Ogif cof;wgyf, (11) auj.? tgif, (10)auj. vdlofaOeef. wD;Nif:pAef:omef;pdefeef.qof;cl:eef,worf,O tgefNofaO ydkwf,zknf,yj: ]]Nif:pAef:xrf,r}} sv; vkuf;pAef:qdlof:cof;wSrf;wgyf, (16) auj.? tgif, (11) auj.bl,bof./

Nif:pAef:wD;omef;aq;sw.-qef.iof; cof;wgyf, (45) auj.? tgif, (13)

auj./ qef.edkif; cof;wgyf, (13) auj.? tgif,(13) auj.aO rdlof; (17.5.2015) vdlefNuf:vyf:vh;pAwf:ygh:vlif:ymifOgefugj, wD;uRif:yjrkif:vlifomef;pdef rdlif:bugj, vh;pkcmof,rj:eif,ehatj;/

Olif,cmof,- wdkef:cdlof: (rdlif:b)

cmof,ymifOgefvduf; odpmef,omef;yAif:e[:tdlif,ckrf,ymif sq;oAif:au:OD:

qof;TOj,OD,IdXrf,r (odpmef,Nrf;xrf: uwf:bAef omef;yAif:) tgefNoferf:ej;aO ydkwf,zknf,ymifOgef zdif;si;ykwf.xsv;vduf;vmh:wh:e[:uRif:odpmIf,Nrf;xrf:uwf:bAef omef;yAif:?rD:arjOgef (12) auj.sv; vkuf;pAef:qef.Omrf(31) auj.? qef.Ogif (19) auj.? qef.edkif;(76) auj.? qef.vduf;wh: (105) auj. Nrf;uefwif:OAif; rD:vkuf;pAef: (231) auj. vh;pkidef:cmof,rj: eif,ehatj;/

Olif,cmof,- cgefbgwf;cdlof: (ckrf,ymif)

ymifOgefvduf;zdif;si;ykwf.xsv;vduf;vmh:wh: cmof:rh

tdlif,rdlif:wArf? wlif,oAif:vj;OAof;

sw,rdlof; (5_3_2015) qof;TOj,vlifsv; zl;b[,ulef:vlif e[:tdlif,e[:rdlif: tgefNofaO arjOgefqmh:qmrf,at:? arjOgefbdif:emif:crf:cgif,?emif:crf:ek tofykef;zgef:aO ydkwf,zknf,ymifOgef zdif;si;ykwf.xsv;vduf;vmh:wh: wD;uRif:vlifrdlif:wArfsv; uRif:ugif:cmrf e[:tdlif,rdlif:wArf wlif,oAif:vj;OAof; vkuf;pAef:qmh:bdif: wif:Ogiftgif; Nrf;uefrD: (155) auj. wgyf,vduf;bof.ugj,rdlof; (28_4_2015) aO xkdifrj: rdlof;oef:xd(10_5_2015) eef. tefyAefqof;TOj,ukif,wvowf.Nofej: oAif:rl,aq;? qof;TOj,uRif:rdlif:wArf?qof;qmif:udwf.wdOj,I ymifvlif erf.wl;? qof;TOj,uRif:ugif:cmrf tgefNofzl;bfG,ulef:vlifaOpAwf:ygh:wgef; cSyf:r[tgif,vduf; clof:Ol: qdlof:tgif,


ylef.qef. pAwf:yefclof:qmrf:Okef,rdkof:rmeftrf, yj:tefyof, wj,vkuf;pAef: wif:oAif: oj;ehatj;/

zl;Olif,cmof,- qmh:rmof,qSwf; (rdlif:wArf_vj;OAof;)

ymifzdkuf:zgef.arjOgefsv;yeferf.uwf. ulef:ekrf,

ymifzdkuf:zgef.arjOgefsv; yeferf.uwf.ulef:ekrf, rdlof;oef:xd 6_4_2015 eef. tofqof;TOj,aw,odef,w uRif:umwf,wof, yAefiof;aO Nrf;qkrf: aujvduf;vmh:sv;zdif;si;wh: uAif:wkif tduf,yj:yD;egif.e[:omef;umwf,wof,wif:OAif;aO Mif.tofarjOgefvlif vkif:qmh:zj.sv; qkrf:arjOgef vkuf;egif.arjOgefNrf; (13)auj. rj:ydkwf,ymifOgef cmof:wmif: (15)oef:bl,bof./ oef:aw,ymifOgefoef:xd 6_4_2015umife[ 9:00 rgif: ulef:rj:cdkef;ymifydkwf,zknf,ymifOgef rD:ul;yj,wD, oAef.oh.yj,wD,cdlof:ydlef;ulnf:ehbof./ OAef;qkdof;arjOgef rj:cdkef; rD:ul;wD;wD;qrf. rdlif:cmif rdwf.uBD:ej:? ykif,yj,cSrf? rdlif:yl:tgef,? rdlif:yAif:? wlif;wj; rldif:uAif:wkif? rdlif:cmuf,qdlof:eh. qArfbdif:qArfqmh:aO Oif,cj,qof; rD:-64 yj:? qmh:rD: 22 auj.? bdif:rD: 43 auj.aONrf;uef 129 auj. z[auj; trf,umef. trf,cmef.aO cof;Nrf;Ogef xkdifymifzdkuf:zgef. ayj:bof.wlof;/ rdlof;oef:xd 20_4_2015 eef. pAwf:ygh:ymifwgef;Ol: Mif.uGmrf:rlef;Odlof:ehbof.atj;/

Olif,cmof,-vSwf,ekrf, (rif:Imh:) uAif:wkif

ymifOgefvSif:pkef;r[,uRif:omef;wof: uAif:wkif

qof;cl:uj,vdef,w (uAif:wkif) tgeftof qof;Oif,cj, qef.qgrfrpj,ql:vj: rldif:xh: (3) qof;aO tduf,yj:qof;Oif,cj, wD;xrf,rlof:wb uRif:omef;ymif, Nrf;uefydkwf,ymifOgef rdlof;oef:xd4_4_2015 umife[uof;rgif:wArf? rD:vkuf;pAef: rj:cdkef; (75) auj.bof.? e[:ymifOgefeh. rD:umefOgef vduf;wh:_xh:_tif:udwf:_cgrf:aO wgyf,tgif,ugj, (55) auj.? rldof;oef:xd 34_5_2015eef.aO xdkifrj: 26_5_2015 eef. pAwf:ygh:Odrf:ymifOgefugj, ulef:cof;Nrf; rD: 200 ymhehbof./

Olif,cmof,- vSwf,ekrf, (rif:Imh:) uAif:wkif

ymifOgefvduf;wh:rdlif:cmuf, yguf;urf:(3)

rldof;oef:xd 26_4_2015 eef. qof;cl:ukvdOtgeftofqof;qif: wD;uRif:xrf,arj:wbsv;uRif:umwf,wof, (18) wlef vlif:ydkwf,ymifOgefvduf;vmh:wh: cmof:rh; yguf;urf: (3) wD;aq;oAif:rdlif:cmuf, ymifOgefrD: (13) ymifaO vkuf;pAef:rD: (303)auj.? tgif,ylef. (250) auj.ehbof./ oef:ydkwf,ymifOgef 26_4_2015 eef. ydkwf,ymifOgefugj,aO zl;qgh;xSrftofykef;zgef: vkif:qmh:vlifauj,sv; aujvduf;vmh:sv;zdif;si;wh: rdlif:cmuf,oef:vlif:ymif oef:xd 26_5_2015 tofqof; TOj,uj,odef,w yAefej,buaO rD:Nofyof;yj,wD,NofOdlof vkif:qmh:vlif rdlif:cmuf, cdkef;wgef;Ol:ugj,bl,bof./ ulef:rj:cof;Nrf;ymifygh: rD: 500 auj.vh;cmof,rD:eif,eh/

Olif,cmof,- vSwf,ekrf, (rif:Imh:) uAif:wkif


ymifOgefvduf;zdif;si;ykwf.xsv;vduf;vmh:wh: cmof:rh

xkif.qvmef:? wlif,oAif:rldif:bh

rdlof;oef:xd 20_3_2015 eef.sw,ydkwf,ymifOgefzdif;si;ykwf.xsv; vduf;vmh:wh: wD;omef;yAif:ulnf;? xkif.qvmef: wlif,oAif:rdlif:bhvkuf;pAef:rD: 27 auj.? cof;wgyf, 27 auj.? tgif,ylef. 18 auj.? wgef;Ol:bof.ugj,rldof; 18_5_2015/

Olif,cmof,- qof;aOj:

ymifOgefvduf;wh: cmof:rhoAif:ygef? rldif:bmif:zlduf,

ymifOgefvduf;wh:cmof:rh; rldif:bmif:zlduf, oAif:ygef yD;wh: 2109? yDOj,Oej, 2558? eD;oef:xd 10_4_2015 oef:Okuf:/

cl:OgefrD: 20 qof;? vkuf;pAef:rD: 110 auj.tgif,ylef.qef.zdif;si;ykwf.x 16 auj.? tgif,ylef.qef.iof; 65 auj.? wluf: 25 auj./

Olif,cmof,- qof;nj,eoI (pmh:yj)

ymifOgefvduf;zdif;si;ykwf.xsv;vduf;vmh:wh: yguf;urf: (1)

efG:xkif.ylif:

TOj,qof;owf.Olnf,Ol, oAif:omef;bAef,sv;TOj,qof;owf.wlef;rlif; Nrf;vlnf;uefOif,cj,qof;e[:xkif.ylif: zgwf;tofarjOgef qmh:bdif:e[:xkif.ylif:aO ydkwf,ymifOgefzdif;si;ykwf.xsv;vduf;vmh:wh: yguf;urf: (16) cl:Ogef (1) qof;?arjOgefqmh: (8) auj.? arjOgefbdif: (31) auj.

wkrfuef (40) auj. sw,ydkwf,ymifOgef yD 1376eD;? vdlefpj;r[, (1) crf;? (20_3_2015) awj,xdkifvdlefNuf:vgif; (9) crf;? (11_5_2015) vkuf;pAef:cdkef;Mwf; (1450) auj./cof;wgyf, (719) auj.?tgif,ylef. (391) auj./

OAef;rmhymifOgefe[:xkif.ylif:1. oAif:omef;bAef,? 2. omef;ukkif:crf:? 3. omef;

NofwSef;? 4. omef;egifckef,? 5. omef;ej:ylif:?6. omef;ykif,? 7. omef;vhg? 8. omef;ukif:vmif:?9. omef;NofvD;? 10. omef;ukif:uRif:? 11. omef;wlef;rlif;? 12. omef;ukif:qAif:? 13. omef;rl:Odlof:?14. omef;ej:Omef? 15. omef;wmef,st? 16.omef;ukefugif:rl:? 17. omef;egifqmif.? 18. omef;wdkuf.Ndof:? 19. omef;Nofwmwf,tguf,? 20. omef;OmrfOSif,? 21. omef;ej:bdlif:? 22. omef;NofNnf;? 23. omef;ylif:/ 24. omef;cGGmif? 25. omef;ukefvlif? 26. omef;Nofwkdof.? 27. omef;Nofwmwf,(wlu f:)? 28. omef;erf.u lwf. ? 29.omef;ymifrgef:? 30. omef;OD,Okif,? 31. omef;oAif:uof,? 32. omefymifph:? 33. aq;oAif:erf.qmifomif;sc, (1) ymif/

ymifOgefoAif:ymifvgif: xkif.OD,udyf,yguf;urf: (7)

qof;TOj,au,vj,O owf.Olnf,ul, oAif:omef;bAef, sv; qof;TOj,oj,Idef,w owf.wlef;rlif;?qof;TOj,oj,Idef,w owf.OSefsw: qof;TOj,ac,rj,orf,Ojzdorf,O owf.Tzj:vrf? qof;TOj,aI,ow owf,rlnf,awj, oAif;ymifvgif:? xkif.OD,udyf, Nrf;Mif:qgrf:uefaObof. Mif.tofarjOgef xkif.ylif: (19) auj.? arjOgef xkif.OD,udyf,


(12) auj.aObof. rldof:ydkwf,ymifOgefzdif;si;ykwf.xvduf;vmh:wh: oAif;ymifvgif: xkif.OD,udyf,(19) ymif? sw,ydkwf,ymifOgef yDwh: (2109) eD;?vdlefpj;r[, (1) crf;? oef:Okuf: (20_3_2015)awj,xdkif vdlefNuf:vgif; (12) crf; vkuf;pAef:cof;wgyf, (572) auj.? tgif,ylef. (301) auj./

OAef;rmhymifOgef oAif:ymifvgif:sv;xkif.OD,udyf,

1. oAif:ymifvgif:yuf.tguf,? 2. omef;vhgyBj.?3. oAif:OD,udyf,? 4. omef;ukif:Oj,? 5. omef;rmuf,cD;el? 6. omef;NofuRif:? 7. omef;Omh:idkef:? 8. omef;ukif:zuf:apj? 9. omef;Tzj:vrf? 10. omef;egifwof:(Mif,)? 11. omef;egifwof:(qmef:)? 12.omef;erf.Ogif.? 13. omef;erf.omef? 14. omef;rh.edof.? 15. omef;OSefsw:? 16. omef;Tzj:ayj,?17. omef;egifuguf.? 18. omef;Nofegifuj:? 19.omef;Tzj:zdluf.(Mif,)? 20. omef;Tzj:zdluf,(qmef:)/

ymifOgefzdif;si;ykwf.xsv;vduf;vm h:wh:NofuRif:omef;vgh erf.vdef:

tldif,omef;vhg aq;oAif:rl dif:Ol;

yDOj,Oej, 2558? yDwh: 2109 eD;? vdlefOD,r[, 3 crf; oef:Okuf:/ tof;qof;cl:atj:zj,OtgefNoferf:ej;aO qof;cl:Ogef qof;qmif:auj:Oef,v? qof;qmif:odrv? qof;Omif,uodOmrfqof;aO vkuf;pAef:zdif;si;ykwf.x rD: (30)?vkuf;pAef:Ogeftofvduf;wh: qef.iof; rD: (70)auj.? pAwf:ygh:vlif:ymifOgef bof.ugj,rldof; vdlefNuf:r[, (8) crf;eef.vDimrf:bl,bof./

Olif,cmof,- qof;qif: auj:Oef,v

ymifOgefzdif;si;ykwf.xsv;vduf;vm h:wh:wlif,oAif:au:OD:

xkif.ugefumif? tdlif,zuf:emrf? wlif,oAif:au:OD:qof;qmif:azj:uorf,O(uAif:vdlef) tgefNofaOcl:Ogef (9) auj.? arjOgefbdif: (4) auj.?vh;qwf:pAwf: ymifOgefzdif;si;ykwf.xsv;vduf;vmh:wh: yguf;urf:(1) vkuf;pAef:rD: (341) auj./

oef:ydkwf,ymifOgef vldefNuf:r[, (13)crf;?oef:zwf:/ oef:pAwf:ygh:vlif:ymifOgef bof.wlof;ugj, vdlefqAwf:r[, (12)crf; owf:Okuf: wD;uRif:zuf:emrf tldif,zuf:emrf wlif,oAif:au:OD:?

qof;qmif;azj:uorf,Oeif,uof, ydkwf,ymifOgefzdif;si;ykwf.x yguf;urf;(4) vkuf;pAef: rD:(435) auj.? ydkwf,ymifOgef vdlefOD,vgif; (12)crf;oef:qef/ oef:bof.ymifOgef vdlefNuf:r[, (8)crf;/

Olif,cmof,-qkrf:zdif;si;ykwf.xsv; vduf;vmh:wh:

uAif:vldef/

ymifOgefzdif;si;ykwf.xsv;vduf;vm h:wh:wlif,oAif:egifcAof

1. ymifOgef omef;vlif oAif:egifcAofrdlof;oef:xd (17_4_2015) eef.qof; cl:auj:

Oef,v? arjOgefbdif:vdleftgef,? bdif:zlnf:OSif tgefNofaO sw,ydkwf,ymifOgefvduf;zdif;si;sv;ykwf.xvduf;wh:rj: awj,xdkifvdlefNuf:r[, (4) crf;? vkuf;pAef:wif:OAif; rD: (62) auj./tgif,ylef. 35 auj. vh;N.rj:eif,eh/

2. omef;cmh:rgef oAif:egifcAofcl:Ogefqmh:tgif,wAif:? qmh:tgif,rdlif: tgefNof


erf:ej;aO ydkwf,ymifOgefvduf;wh: rldof;vdlefOD,r[, (1) crf; awj,xdkif vdlefNuf:r[, (4) crf;?vkuf;pAef: rD: (55) auj.? tgif,ylef. 31 auj.vh;N.cmof, rD:eif,eh/

3. ymifOgefomefcdlof:edrf: oAif:egifcAofvdlefNuf:r[, (4) crf; arjOgefbdif:Olnf,qdif:?

bdif:OSiftgef,? bdif:zgifelef: (4) auj.? cl:Ogefqmh:vSif:cdlof:cof tgefNoferf:ej;aO ydkwf,ymifOgefvduf;wh: awj,xkdif vdlefNuf:r[, (4) crf;?vkuf;pAef:wif:OAif; rD: (35) auj.? tgif,ylef.13 auj. vh;N.rj:eif,eh/

4. ymifOgefomef;oAif:thg; oAif:egifcAofarjOgeffbdif:tgef,crf:? arjOgefqmh:tgef

puf.? qmh:qgrfrdlif:vmof? qmh:bgwf;egif. Nrf;uefydkwf,ymifOgefvduf;wh: vdlefpj;r[, (5) crf; awj,xdkif vdlefNuf:r[, (4) crf; vkuf;pAef:rD: (30) auj.?tgif,ylef. 10 auj. vh;N.rj:eif,eh/

5. omef;ukif:qmrf oAif:egifcAofoef:xd (22_4_2015) arjOgefbdif:rlnfcrf?:

arjOgefqmh:aej,rdlif: coftgefNofaO ydkwf,ymifOgefvduf;wh:rj: awj,xdkif vdlefNuf:r[, (4)crf;? vkuf;pAef:rD: (30) auj.? tgif,ylef. (24)auj. vh;N.rj:eif,eh/

6. ymifOgefzdif;si;ykwf.xsv; vduf;vmh:wh: ej;wD; tdlif,cdlof:edrf:? ymifOgefomef;cmh:rgef?omef;vlifcmef? omef;yAif:tgh;? omef;cdlof;edrf:vlif?omef;ukif:qmrf (5) omef; qof;cl:yj:ekdif;? cl:Ogef(15) auj. tgefNofydkwff,ymifOgef vduf;wh:rj: rldof;vdlefOD,vgif; (3) crf; awj,xdkif vdlefNuf:r[,(4) crf; cof;wgyf,Nrf;uef wD;uRif:cdlof:edrf:wlif,oAif:egifcAofaO vkuf;pAef:cof;wgyf, (150)

auj./ tgif,ylef. zdif;si;ykwf.xqef.Ogif?vduf;wh:qef.Ogif? qef.vduf;wh: qef.(1)?vduf;wh: qef.iof; Nrf;uefwif:OAif; (126)auj./ vdlefNuf:r[, (14) crf; Nrf;uefpAwf:yAefygh:vlif;ymifOgef wgef; Ol:vkuf;pAef: aej,wSef:cdlof: ej;wD;tdlif,cdlof:edrf: oAif:egifcAof bof.wlof;vDimrf:bof.atj;/

Olif,cmof,- qof;cl:sv;cl:Ogef tdlif,cdlof:edrf: oAif;egifcAof/

ymifOgef omef;erf.Okc wlif,oAif:egifcAof yDwh: 2109 (7_4_2015) ymifOgefyguf;urf:

(5) (1) arjOgefqmh:oef:pmef(uRuf.ar:)? (2) qmh:crf:zef;? (3) arjOgefbdif:zgifcrf: ylifOgefyef omef;rdkeff,Ndef:sv; omef;erf.zkwf:/omef;erf.Okc- (1) arjOgefbdif:vgef.zlnf:?(2) bdif:vj.acBj:? (3) bdif:rlofO[ cofqdlof:eh.tofykef;zgef: ylifOgefvduf;wh: ej;wD; erf.Okc? tdlif,uvuGmh:? wlif,oAif:egifcAof vkuf;pAef:wif:OAif;rD: (70) auj./ tgif,ylef. (52) auj.vh;N.cmof,rj:eif,eh/

Olif,cmof,- qof;cl:auj;Oef,v(egifcAof)

ymifOgefzdif;si;ykwf.xsv;vduf;vmh:wh:wlif,oAif:rguf,rh,

1. ymifOgef xkif.erf.vgwf;arjOgef (15) auj. tgefNofaO pAwf:ygh:vlif:

ymifOgef zdif;si;ykwf.xvduf;vmh:wh: wD;owf.OmhvSif: xkif.erf.vgwf, oef:xd 11_3_2015eef.aO vkuf;pAef:cof;wgyf, rD: 110 auj.? tgif,


ylef. 83 auj.aO pAwf;ygh:vlif;ymifOgef bof.wlof;ugj,rldof; 18_4_2015 eef. vDvDimrf:imrf:ugj,bof./

2. ymifOgef omef;NofwSef; arjOgefemif:uAifcrf:? arjOgefemif:OSifrlof

tgefNofemrf:ej;aO ydkwf,ymifOgefzdif;si;ykwf.xsv;vduf;vmh:wh: rldof;oef:xd 17_3_2015 eef.aO vkuf;pAwf:cof;wgyf,rD: 21 auj.tgif,ylef. 21 auj.aO pAwf:ygh:vlif:ymifOgefwD;omef;NofwSef; bof.wlof;ugj, vDvDimrf:imrf:bl,bof./

3. ymifOgef omef;wdefukif: arjOgefqmh:umyf,crf: tgefNofaO ydkwf,ymif

Ogefvduf;vmh:wh: cmof:rh;aO vkuf;pAef:rD: 64auj.aO wgyf, 64 auj.? tgif,ylef. 40 auj.aOpAwf:ygh:vlif:ymifOgef wD;omef;wdefukif: yefOl:aO bof.wlof;ugj,vDimrf:bl,bof./

4. ymifOgef omef;rl dif:bkrf:(tguf,) arjOgefemif:rlnfxgif:? cl:Ogefemif:vmof

vSif: auj.erf:ej;aO ydkwf,ymifOgefzdif;si;ykwf.xsv;vduf;vmh:wh: rldof; 8_3_2015 wD;omef;rdlif:bkrf: omef;tguf,eef.aO vkuf; pAef:rD: 26 auj.? wgyf, 26 auj.? tgif, 26 auj.?pAwf:ygh:vlif:ymifOgef wD;omef;rdlif:bkrf:eef.bof.wlof;ugj, vDvDimrf:imrf:eef.bl,bof./

5. ymifOgef omef;rl dif:bkrf:(wluf:) arjOgefemif:xlnf:crf: tgefNoferf:ej;

aO ydkwf,ymifOgef zdif;si;ykwf.xsv;vduf;

vmh:wh: wD;omef;rdlif:bkrf:wluf: vkuf;pAef:rD: 22auj.? cof;wgyf, 22 auj.? tgif,ylef. 22 auj.aOpAwf:ygh:vlif:ymifOgef wD;omef;rldif:bkrf:wluf:bof.wlof;ugj,vDimrf:bl,bof./

6. ymifOgef omef;ud lef,wltgef, qof;TOj,Ij,qdef,w tofpAwf:wD;ydkif;uldof:

brfaO arjOgef (12) auj. tgefNoferf:ej;aO ydkwf,ymifOgef zdif;si;ykwf.xsv; vduf;vmh:wh: wD;omef;udlef,wltgef, vkuf;pAef:rD: 86 auj.?cof;wgyf, 86 auj.? tgif,ylef. 48 auj.aO pAwf:ygh:vlif:ymefOgefsv; wgef;Ol:bof.wlof;ugj,rdlof;oef:xd 15_4_2015 eef. vDvDimrf:imrf:bl,bof./

Olif,cmof,- arjOgefbdif:elef:crf: xkkif.erf.vgwf,? oAif:rguf,r[,/

ymifOgefzdif;si;ykwf.xsv;vduf;vmh:wh: cmof:rh;

e[:tldif,ej:qmrf? oAif:rl dif:Ol;

yDwh: 2109 eD;? vldefpj;vgif; (3)crf;eef.TOj,qof;Okqj,Idefw(ej:qmrf) tgefNoferf:ej; arjOgefwif:erfaO vh;ykdwf,ymifOgef]]zdif;si;ykwf.xsv; vduf;vmh:wh: cmof:rh;}}yguf;urf: (4) uGj, wD;tldif,ej:qmrf oAif:rldif:Ol;aO vkuf;pAef:wif:OAif;rD: (144)auj.? cof;wgyf,(93) auj.? tgif,ylef.qef.rD: (75) auj./

xkdifrj:vldefqAwf:r[, (12) crf;eef. pAwf:yAefygh:vlif:ymifOgef bgif;abj:erf.q[ arjOgefsv; vkuf;pAef:cofuGj, rlef;"Oldof:"bl,bof./

Olif,cmof,- OmhvSwf, (rldif:Ol;)


ymifOgef e[:tldif,zjbaq;oAif:rl di f:Ol;

yDwh:-2109 (2015) vldefpj;vgif; (3) crf;eef. TOj,qof;ynfnj,azj:u? qof;cl:odvj,Ouf.u (vghpmh:)? tgefplofarj Ogefqmh:_bdif:e[:tldif,zjbaO vh;qwf:pAwf:yAef ymifOgef]]zdif;si;ykwf.xsv;vduf;vmh:wh: cmof:rh;}}yguf;urf;(2) uGj,cmof:wmif: ekdif;vldefvldofvldofbl,bof./

vkuf;pAef: cof;wgyf,wif:OAif; (157) auj.?tgif,ylef.qef. (151) auj.aO pAwf:ygh:vlif:ymifOgefuGj,rldof;vldefqAwf:r[, (14) crf;eef.ehbof./


ymifOgefomef;ej:ugef? tldif,arj,sr;aq;oAif:rl di f:Ol;

qof;cl:rpj,awodif,w(ej:ugef) tgefploferf:ej; cl:Ogef_arjOgefaO qwf:pAwf:yAefymifOgef ]]zdif;si;ykwf.xsv; vduf;vmh:wh: cmof:rh;}}uGj, cmof:wmif:ekdif;vldefvldof"aOvh;pAwf:ygh:vlif:ymifuGj, rldof;vldefNuf:vyf:eef.aObof.? vkuf;pAef:cof;wgyf,wif:OAif; rD: (54)auj.? tgif,ylef.qef. (53) auj./ vh;pAwf:ygh:vlif:ymifOgefuGj, rl dof;vldefNuf:vyf:eef.ehbof./


qAifvDcrf:Tzj: vSif:xdkifrj:qAi f qAifvDoef:yDr[,

qAifyefwmif:cdkef;b[,qAifO[,yefwmif:olef.qAifOgefclef.ydkef:uof,qAifcof,q[puf.cdlof:qAifP;wdlof:erf.uwf.qAiftgefowf.vgif;qdkof;qAiftrf,vdkof;trf,ohm:qAifwmh:qdlof:egef:eluf,qAifwluf,P;N.wloful;oef:/

crf: crf:Tzj:yAefqof;crf:vof;vmwf;Ogefulef:crf:Olef:yeferf.q[crf:ulef:v[bj,rlduf;crf:Ogefvdluf;wmif:vDcrf:ODcmofr[,qdkef;crf:cdkef;clif:edyf.ymef,crf:zmef,vgif;uwf:bAefcrf:yAefqof;apj:rj:crf:pof:pj: vlof,bmif;qgrf:rSif,/

vSif: vSif:xdkifrj:clif:umifvSif:zDOmifydlif:xgif,vSif:ygif,ul;aq:tefvSif:pefqSif;qgrf:xrf:vSif:crf:uj;cefb[,vSif:r[,yDOkdyf,yDvSif:vDvdlofOmhoef:vSif:wef:ul;bmrf:cmof:vSif:bmof:bdkef:Odkyf,ej;vSif:bj,zj;vkuf;vmefvSif:xdkifymefOdkyf,ymefaOurf:atj;/

S.K (Mif.) idkef:vSif:Mrf (rldif:emif:)


ulnf;vmuf;cSif, yAefwmif:udef qrfwlofpof:sv; rD:odwj,rdef,wj,urf.wlofpof: wif:erfwif:vhmbof./ qif,oj; yAefbj;bj tefpAwf:P;bl,vDudefomef aOtrf,uj: pAwf:P; tj,bkbkdef:bmof:yj:bof./

ayj:tofrj:rgifqgrf: erf.zkdif;qkdif awudefvh;ul;oef: cmrf,wmif:pkdifsv; pAwf:P;tj,bkbkdef:bmof:? vhm:pAwf:ref:qrf.-

1. ulnf;vmuf;cSif,tldof. ydluf,vrfOdyf:Nnf,/2. tofrj:yguf,ylduf,aO Ogh:yAefoSef;omifomif/3. erf.zkdif;ekdif;wof; (wmif:erfrguf; 750 cc)/4. wof;uSof;ekdif;wof; wj,O[,rgifulnf;sv;erf.zkdif;/5. tofulnf;O[,wof;aO O[erf.zkdif; P;xlrf;ulnf;/6. yduf.zj rgifoh. cmof:wmif:Omrfvldef/7. e[:au;umifeef. rguf;Omrfolif; ulnf;tefzl:bl, eldoferf.

awOj: rldof;v[pefqldif.eef P;ykdwf,zjtlyf:aO clef: P; ref:qlrfvlif: wmif:w[;/

8. ayj:wArfOmrfvldefbof. tofzj;omifomif rj:xgif uAyf:toferf. oh.udef/

9. ul;crf; ayj:awegef: P;udefyef rguf;ODaqj. (aqj.udefcof;)10. ayj:udefvh; rguf;Odyf:pj;oef: awpkdef,Omef; rldefpmif;rD:tAef rD:pSif:rj:sw.sw.bof./

qof;trmwf;tgef, OSifwAef: 28. 10. 2015

bj;bjtj,bkbkdef:bmof:~~~~~

· ii vgif; cyf: ckdif pmif; psef: qicr:vsi: rhm- 23 cyf:cdkif qkrf:qaicrf:vif: xwf:vduf;...

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