iium kuantan

3RD WORLD CONGRESS ON INTEGRATION AND ISLAMICISATION 2021, 4TH -6TH JUNE 2021 IIUM KUANTAN
i
ISLAMICISATION 2021
REVOLUTION
Abstract Book
Editors Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nora Mat Zin Asst. Prof. Dr. Sarah Rahmat
Asst. Prof. Dr. Edre Mohammad Aidid Asst. Prof. Dr. Azrul Safuan Mohd Ali
Asst. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Salahuddin Haris @ Harith Asst. Prof. Dr. Syahrir Zaini
Prepared by: Scientific Committee 3rd World Congress on Integration and Islamicisation 2021
ii
THEME 1 (Humanizing Technology)
1. Asst. Prof. Dr. Azrul Safuan Bin Mohd Ali (Section Editor)
2. Assoc. Prof. Dr Abdurezak Abdulahi Hashi
3. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Che Suraya Mohd Zin
4. Asst. Prof. Dr. Izzat Fahimuddin Mohamed Suffian
5. Asst. Prof. Dr. Shaiful Ehsan Shalihin
6. Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohamad Firdaus Bin Mohamad Ismail
THEME 2 (Harm Reduction)
1. Asst. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Salahuddin Haris @ Harith (Section Editor)
2. Asst. Prof. Dr. Ramzi Bendebka
3. Asst. Prof. Dr. Munirah Binti Sha’ban
4. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zarina Zainuddin
5. Asst. Prof. Dr. Rosliza Mohd Salim
6. Asst. Prof. Dr. Intan Azura Shahdan
7 Asst. Prof. Dr. Syahrir Bin Zaini
THEME 3 (Cyberpscyology)
2. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nora Mat Zin
3. Asst. Prof. Dr. Rozanizam Zakaria
4. Asst. Prof. Dr. Muhamad Ashraf bin Rostam
5. Asst. Prof. Dr. Siti Roshaidai Mohd Arifin
6. Asst. Prof. Dr. Mohamed Hassan Abdelaziz Elnaem
THEME 4 (Integration)
1. Asst. Prof. Dr. Edre Mohammad Aidid (Section Editor)
2. Asst. Prof. Dr. Nur Jannah binti Hassan @ Mohamed (Section Editor)
3. Asst. Prof. Dr. Ssuna Salim
4. Asst. Prof. Dr. Ahmad Nabil Bin Md Rosli
5. Asst. Prof. Dr. Ali Sabri Radeef Al-Ani
6. Asst. Prof Dr. Che Anuar Che Mohamad
iii
Table of Contents PLENARY SPEECH 1
Islamic Bioethics Meets Ontology: Conceptualising the Human Being in the Era of Chimeras, Cyborgs, and Genetic Technologies 2
Humanising Technology in Light of the Higher Purposes (Maqasid) of Shari’ah 3
Contemporary Psychological Disorders and the Spiritual Therapy from the Qur’an and the Sunnah 4
The Purpose of Preserving Human Intellect (Maqsad Hifdh Al Aql) From a Health Medical Perspective 5
School Refusal: The Impact of COVID -19 Pandemic on the Internet Use and Mental Health of the School Children 6
Cyberpsychology for Wellbeing & Mental Health System: A Conceptual Framework 7
THEME: HUMANISING TECHNOLOGY IN LINE WITH THE PRINCIPLES OF MAQASID AL -SHARI’AH 8
Creation of the Islamic Self for Sustainability: Can Muslim Entrepreneurship Positively Contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals through Tazkiya (Self-Restraint) and Tarbiya (Self Discipline) of the Muslim Youth 9
Diabetes Quality of Life among Elderly Diabetic Patients and Its Association 10
Termination of Pregnancy in Preserving the Maqasid Shariah Concept of Life – Case Series 11
Drawing the Islamic Ethical Line between Medical Treatment and Cosmetic Enhancement in Tissue Engineering 12
A Qualitative Study on the Ethical Issues and Islamic Rulings in End of Life Care 13
Quranic Wisdoms on Therapeutic Communications 14
Modelled after the Quran and Sunnah: Sustainable Healthy Lifestyle Behaviour 15
Supported Lifestyle Modification (SLiM) Clinic: Islamisation in Medicine Model at Work 16
Islamic Interpretation on the Development of Mobile Application for Early Breast Cancer 17
The Efficacy and Durability of Three Desensitising Agents for Management of Hypersensitive Teeth: An In Vitro Study 18
Advertising and Maqasid Shariah: The Application of Maqasid Shariah Principles in Advertising Production 19
Humanising Artificial Intelligence: What So Wrong About It? 20
A Novel Validated Survey on Professionalism among Anaesthetist in Private and Government Hospitals in Malaysia 21
Designing and Validation of a Novel Questionnaire to Evaluate Knowledge, Attitude and Practise of Leadership Among Medical Doctors 22
Supervised Machine Learning in Predicting Depression, Anxiety and Stress Using Web-based Big Data: Preserving the Humanistic Intellect 23
Can Caregivers of Under 5 Children Correctly Identify the Danger Signs of Sick Children? A Preliminary Finding of a Study Among Caregivers in Kuantan, Pahang 24
iv
Introducing the “Approach to Unwell Children Under 5” (ATUCU5) Manual into the Undergraduate Medical Education 25
Muslim-Friendly Sustainable Geo Tourism (MFS-GT) in the Light of the Islamic Approach: A Qualitative Study Using the Grounded Theory 26
Preservation of Marine Biodiversity for Health and Wellbeing of the Society in the Age of Technological Advances: Islamic and Marine Science Perspective 27
Medico-Fiqh Ibadah Training (M-FIT) Awareness Course for SASMEC @IIUM Staff: An Evaluation of Hybrid Training Mode in the COVID19 Pandemic Era 29
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Salah among the Hospitalised Patients 30
Empowering Patients’ Experience through a Shari'ah-compliant Model Using Patient Care System PACSYS™ 31
THEME: HARM REDUCTION: BALANCING BETWEEN BIOMEDICAL ADVANCES AND SHARI’AH 32
Psychological and Societal Impacts of Unknown Descent and the Islamic Objective of Nasab: The Child’s Right to Know his Descent 33
Comparison between Weekly Versus Daily Dosing L-Thyroxine for the Treatment of Hypothyroidism in Ramadan – a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial 34
The Responsibility of Pharmacists in Providing Medication Safety at the Transition of Care: The Development of a Study Protocol on Islamic Perception and Practice 35
Dilemma of Nurses in Assisted Medical Practices against Islamic Principles 36
The efficacy and safety of second-generation antipsychotics used in schizophrenia pharmacotherapy: A comparative review 37
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice Pattern of Islamic Nursing Ethics among Nurses in Pahang, Malaysia 38
Polymerase Chain Reaction Targeting Lipopolysaccharide Gene for Diagnosis of Burkholderia pseudomallei Infection 39
Viral Infections: Brief Review and Prevention from Islamic Perspectives. 40
Involvement of the Cholinergic System Utilising Nicotine in the Deficit of Spatial Learning and Memory among Depressed Rat Model Using Morris Water Maze 41
Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) and Modifiable Risk Factors Profiling Among Adults in a Selected FELDA Settlement in East Coast of Pahang 42
An Islamic Ethico-legal Framework for Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering Research: A Focus on Harm Reduction 43
Mental Health Law and Policy at the Workplace: Should More be Done Post Pandemic 44
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Urinary Incontinence Screening: Preliminary findings of Childbearing Women Attending Maternal Child Health Clinic. 46
THEME: CYBERPSYCHOLOGY AND WELLBEING IN THE AGE OF 4TH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 47
Association between Social Media Use and Depression among Students in International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Kuantan Pahang 48
The Understanding of Doctors and Nurses’ Roles in Islamic Medical Practice and ‘Rukhsah Salah’ in a Shariah Friendly Hospital 49
v
Knowledge of Islamic Medical Practice among Nursing and Medical Students in Kuantan, Pahang. 50
Body Mass Index (BMI), Anxiety and Depression Among Older People Living in Long-term Care: A Cross-Sectional Study 51
Technology, Boredom and Intellectual Spiritual Lethargy: Exploring the Impact of Technology on the Mental Well-being of Over-Stimulated Millennials 52
Relationship between serum cortisol and female nursing students under exam anxiety 53
Barriers and Opportunities of Nutrition Screening in Elderly Patients in Malaysian Health Clinic Setting 54
Identification of the Types of Nutrition Resource Kit Needed by Community Living Elderly in Malaysian Health Clinic Setting 55
Male Gynaecologist: An Islamic and Humanistic Perspective 56
Cardiovascular Disease Risks among Medical Students in a Public University 57
Islamic Worldview on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging 58
The Method of Explanation in Biological Systems as Applied on Medical Sciences 59
A Cross-sectional Study on Patient Satisfaction at IIUM Family Health Clinic, Kuantan Pahang 60
Aggravated Damages Awards for Medical Negligence: A Need to Strengthen Medical Professionalism 61
Carers’ Perspectives on Home Medication Review by a State Hospital in Malaysia 62
An Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards Depression and Video Games among International Islamic University Malaysia Students 63
Validation of Smartphone Use Questionnaire (SUQ) into the Malay Language 64
Psychometric Properties of The Malay-Version of Peer Pressure Scale Questionnaire 65
Overwhelmed Yet Striving; The Story of IIUM Medical Students 66
IMARET Fundraising During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Online Analysis of Facebook Engagement and Funds Raised 67
The Level of Emotional Intelligence in Medical Imaging Students 68
THEME: INTEGRATION OF SPIRITUALITY & MENTAL HEALTH 69
The Effectiveness of Contemplation on Conceptual Metaphor in Cognitive Spiritual Therapy 70
Quran and Human Heart in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy 71
Content Validation of Spiritual Intelligence Scale for Muslim Nurses (SIS-MN): A Fuzzy Delphi Method 72
Perception of Religious Substance-use Prohibition is Negatively Associated with Vape-trying Among School-going Adolescents 73
The need of nurses on spiritual preparedness as a religious coping mechanism when in a disaster response 74
Igbo Migration, Integration and Islamization in Gusau Town Zamfara State, North-western Nigeria During the 20th Century 75
vi
Practice of Tahajjud among Undergraduate Medical Students in International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) and its Relationship with Poor Sleep Quality. 76
The Mental Health Benefit of Religion and Spirituality in People Living with Bipolar Disorder in Malaysia 77
An Islamic Perspective on Food and Nutrition and the Relevancy of Al-Ghazali’s Spiritual View on Modern Practices 78
Development of the Muslim Prayer Ability Scale (MPAS) 79
How spiritual is music therapy? A case study on the application of music therapy in Islamic civilization medicine 80
Managing Financial Stress through Islamic Wealth Management: An Appreciation of Hifz al-Mal 81
Review of Current Update and Islamic Perspective: Common Mental Health Challenges amongst Undergraduate Universities Students in South East Asia 82
Psycho-Spiritual States of Emotions and Their Interventions within Qur’anic Narratives 83
Source of Stressors among Medical Students in Malaysia: A Brief Review 84
Proteomic Profiling in Schizophrenia: A Brief Review 85
Preserving Mental Health and Well-Being amidst a Litigious Society: The Way Forward for Muslim Medical Professionals 86
Dental Anxiety and the Association with Psychological Symptoms of Adults in Kuantan 87
A Study on Prevalence of Depression among Adults Attending International Islamic University of Malaysia (IIUM) Family Health Clinic, Kuantan, Pahang 88
Harmonisation and Islamisation of Law in Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Laws: An Appraisal 89
The Influence of Halalan Tayyiban on Muslim Decent Spiritual Life and its Relation to al-Ghazali’s Concept of Breaking the Two Desires 90
Preliminary Study on Selected Qur’anic Verses (Chapter 1-10) on Hearing Sciences: A Thematic Analysis 91
Transition Process into Adult Independent Living among Teenagers Living at Shelter Home 92
Clinical Applications of Maqasid al Shari’ah in Healthcare: An Overview 93
Factors of Mental Health in the Quran: A Thematic Analysis 94
Islamic Principles Governing Self Integrity towards Sustainable Construction Industry 95
Good Health and Happiness through Responsible Architecture 96
Muslim Dietitian-Patient Spiritual Conversations and Its’ Challenges: A Cross-Sectional Study 97
“I need help”: A Study of Spiritual Distress among People Diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder in Malaysia 98
Microbiome Dysbiosis In Depression: A Systematic Review 99
Quranic contextualization of mental health dynamics involved in domestic violence 100
Psycho-educational Affirmations from the Quran on Sadness to Prevent/Treat Depression for Muslim Clients of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Approach 101
A Proposal of Psychological Well Being Dimensions in Islamic Perspective 102
vii
The Association between Physical Activity Status and Mental Wellbeing among Overweight and Obese Female Students 103
Mental Health Burden from COVID-19: Findings from a Single Hybrid Hospital in Northwest Malaysia 104
Predictors of Subjective Well Being Among Malaysian University Hospital Staff: A Cross-Sectional Study 105
Sadness, Psychoreligio-Spiritual Dimension and Cultural Misperception: Implication for Psychotherapeutic Practice of the Healthcare 106
Healthcare Practitioners’ Views on Postnatal Mental Illness among Postnatal Mothers in Malaysia 107
Incident of Sihir upon Prophet Muhammad PBUH: Analyses of Narrations, Mental Capacity, and Its Implication on Revelation 108
Motivational Interviewing Approach in Overcoming Drug Addicts Distrust 109
Patient Trying to Tell Something Else: Severe Stress during COVID19 Pandemic 110
Tele-Counselling Services for Clients During Covid19 Pandemic 111
"My Soul is Empty...": The Intensive Care Patients' and The Family Members' Experience of Spiritual Care 112
A Review of the Incidence of Depression and the Practice of Coping by the Patients with Diabetes 113
Theosophical Elements in Iqbal's Magnum Opus "The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam": A Preliminary Review 114
Investigating Perception of Muslims with Hearing Impairment towards Islamic Understanding and Practice 116
INSPIRE: Islamic Spiritual Care Awareness Program for Medical Personnel at SASMEC @IIUM: Our Experience 117
Recovery of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) In Al-Quran: An Analysis 118
Tadabbur al-Quran and its Implications for the Well-Being of the Mind and Emotions in the Situation of the Movement Control Order 119
Preliminary Findings of Auditory Brainstem Response using Dhikr Stimulus on a Healthy-normal Hearing Adult 120
The Concept of Resilience and Spirituality among Cancer Surviving Women 121
Understanding Crisis from Various Religions’ Perspective: An Exploratory Study towards Developing a Religious-Based Self-Care Practices for Wellbeing 122
The Positive Mental Health in Quranic Perspective: Its Concept and Methods of Promotion 123
Meaning of Life and Life Satisfaction among International Students during the Covid-19 Pandemic 124
125
126
1
PLENARY SPEECH
2
1 Humanizing Technology in Line with the Principles of Maqasid Al -Shari'ah Plenary
Islamic Bioethics Meets Ontology: Conceptualising the Human Being in the Era of
Chimeras, Cyborgs, and Genetic Technologies
*Aasim I. Padelaa aMedical College of Wisconsin, United States of America (USA).
*Corresponding author: [email protected]
Contemporary Islamic ethical deliberations over biotechnology follow a largely formulaic, almost
utilitarian, moral calculus. Islamic jurists weigh the harms and benefits that might accrue, and where
benefits predominate, a ruling of permissibility follows and vice versa. In cases where the technology
might be controversial because of its source, e.g. porcine products, or some other aspect of its
nature, yet it leads to life-saving or similarly significant benefits, jurists might invoke dire necessity
to contingently permit its use. Hence, all too often, Islamic bioethical deliberations devolve into
invoking the constructs of malaa and arra to further the biomedical enterprise. Recently, Muslim
thinkers have offered up ethical frameworks drawn up from the maqasid al-Shari’ah to effect a more
holistic ethical assessment that examines the intent behind and the nature of the biotechnology
alongside the outcomes produced. Yet these evaluative frameworks are also connected to notions of
malaa and arra and engage in a limited moral calculus. An often missing element in Islamic
bioethical deliberation, I argue, considers the essence, limits, and reality of the human being.
Although harms and benefits are assessed from the perspective of a human being, and the maqasid
are concerned with preserving fundamental human interests, Islamic jurists and Muslim thinkers
spend little time reflecting on how bioscience shapes the ways in which we conceive of the human
being and that the bioethical questions we ask and address attend to certain constructions of the
human being. Arguably, however, such understandings of what the human being is, or would become
by applying said technology, is necessary to morally evaluate the technology in question. This
presentation will demonstrate how various implicit conceptions of the human being undergird secular
genethics discourses. The vocabulary used and the questions raised and addressed betray certain
notions of the human being that Muslim interlocutors scarcely acknowledge. In turn, these
suppositions are left unchecked, and Muslims undertake a utilitarian moral calculus. I will further
argue that the concepts of malaa, arra, and maqasid are built upon certain notions of the human
being and that when invoking them, Muslim bioethicists must examine the impact biotechnology
would have on the nature of the human being. Indeed, Islamic deliberations focus on the applied,
and at times practical, dimensions of bioethics and leave aside the theoretical/conceptual
dimensions that are more upstream. I contend that these upstream questions prefigure the
downstream issues. Islamic theology provides resources for engaging these “larger” questions and
must play a greater role in Islamic bioethics deliberation.
3
2 Humanizing Technology in Line with the Principles of Maqasid Al -Shari'ah Plenary
Humanising Technology in Light of the Higher Purposes (Maqasid) of Shari’ah
*Mohammad Hashim Kamalia aInternational Institute of Advanced Islamic Studies (IAIS), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Corresponding author: [email protected]
This presentation addresses its subject matter in two parts: on technology and on the higher purposes
(maqasid) of shariah, which are then followed by a conclusion and a set of recommendations. Both
parts begin with a characterisation of their respective themes, especially concerning their benefits
and harms. Thus, the technology segment explores the nature and scope of technology, its varieties
and applications, and a similar approach is taken to the maqasid.
4
3 Integration of Spirituality & Mental Health Plenary
Contemporary Psychological Disorders and the Spiritual Therapy from the Qur’an and
the Sunnah
The COVID19 pandemic continues to create havoc, fear and anxiety. More and more people are
experiencing serious psychological and mental health issues. Reports show increasing trends toward
self-harm, self-injury and incidents of suicide or attempted suicide in Malaysia today. With the
increase in mental health issues among Muslims, it is crucial that Muslim practitioners, psychologists,
psychotherapists and counsellors explore the Islamic religious and spiritual resources from the Qur’an
and the Prophetic Sunnah to find ways and means of addressing and overcoming various problems of
mental and emotional distress: depression, anxiety, stress, paranoia, excessive fear or excessive
anger. The Qur’an and Sunnah offer a treasure of approaches, solutions and answers to several issues
of mental health today, promoting physical, moral, intellectual, emotional, social and spiritual
resilience that are absent from mainstream conventional Western psychology and psychiatry. Muslim
patients should seek Islamic spiritual remedies, which would complement the mainstream medical or
counselling solutions, remembering that the latter are secular-based with limitations and
shortcomings, if not negative side-effects. The Islamic approach is holistic—but it does not preclude
proper medical or psychiatric treatment for certain symptoms or ailments. It is not limited to the
biological or social dimensions of mental distress; it goes beyond the material, the biological, the
emotional and the social causes. It seeks a complete and holistic solution by understanding the
underlying spiritual roots or ailments of human psychological distress or mental disorders with the
aim to bring about lasting as well as sound psychological growth of human beings, which are
essentially spiritual and moral beings created by God.
5
4 Harm Reduction: Balancing Between Biomedical Advances and Shari’ah Plenary
The Purpose of Preserving Human Intellect (Maqsad Hifdh Al Aql) From a Health Medical
Perspective
*Omar Hasan Kasulea aKing Faisal City of Medicine, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).
The fourth of the five Major Purposes of the Law (maqasid al shari'ah) is protection, preservation and
promotion of the human intellect (hifdh al ‘aql). For purposes of this paper, ‘aql is treated separately
from the closely related concepts of ruh and nafs and is defined as the sophisticated, free and
creative human intellectual faculty that distinguishes humans from other creations. Researchers
disagree on the seat of ‘aql, but we assume that the seat is in the cerebral cortex for purposes of
this paper. Loss of the intellectual faculty results in loss of legal obligations (ahliyyat al adaa) but
not legal rights (ahliyyat al wujuub). Medicine and health care fulfil hifdh al ‘aql in three inter-
related ways. First, by relieving physical diseases that affect the proper physiological function of the
neurons in the cerebral cortex. Second, by psychological or psychiatric treatments that restore
emotional and intellectual functioning. Third, by preventing and treating addictions that impair
intellectual function and disturb the emotional balance. The 4th industrial revolution (computer-
based automation and artificial intelligence) is a natural successor to the 1st industrial revolution
(machines replacing muscles), 2nd industrial revolution (science, technology and mass production),
and the 3rd industrial revolution (digital revolution). The 4th industrial revolution is an extension of
the digital revolution and is characterised by artificial intelligence that produces services and
products with increasing independence and marginalisation of the human ‘aql. In the past, the ‘aql
was marginalised by addition to alcohol, drugs, music, wealth, sex etcetera. In the 4th industrial
revolution, the ‘aql is marginalised by artificial intelligence and social media, which are the new
agents of social engineering. Humans are becoming an automaton by losing self-control and
independence while being fully dependent on good and services produced by artificial intelligence.
This is, therefore, an ominous new definition of addiction. The challenge is to research and find how
hifdh al aql will handle this new addictive state.
6
5 Cyberpsychology and Wellbeing in the Age of 4th Industrial Revolution Plenary
School Refusal: The Impact of COVID -19 Pandemic on the Internet Use and Mental Health
of the School Children
*Nora Mat Zina aKulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia.
The Coronavirus (COVID -19) pandemic has changed the usual daily activities across the globe and
affected every age group, including the children. Although the fourth industrial revolution promotes
digital education, the pandemic significantly enhanced the method. Compulsory stay-at-home during
lockdown forced the school children to be in the virtual school and adapting to the new way of
socialising. Increasing consumption of internet use for digital games and social media communication
emerged. The benefits were undoubted. However, the detrimental effect on their mental health has
become increasingly problematic. Internet gaming addiction, exposure to inappropriate content,
unrestricted access to digital entertainment, and excessive time on social media are among the
factors that contribute to the negative effect on mental health. It is further complicated by their
immaturity in cognitive abilities and emotional coping. School refusal would be one of the clinical
presentations for a mental health problem related to inappropriate internet use. This paper highlights
the effect of the pandemic on internet use and mental health among school children, disrupting their
school performance and behaviour. Two cases illustration will be presented to observe the
association. Contributing factors and suggested holistic intervention method would be discussed.
7
6 Cyberpsychology and Wellbeing in the Age of 4th Industrial Revolution Plenary
Cyberpsychology for Wellbeing & Mental Health System: A Conceptual Framework
*Abdul Wahab Abdul Rahmana aKulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia.
The lack of easily available psychological instruments to accurately predict mental health state forces
individuals not to realise their state of mental health or brain developmental disorder until it is too
late. The availability of Electroencephalogram (EEG) devices and their ability to measure and capture
brain waves for analysis make it easier for researchers to understand the functionality and state of
the brain. The mobility and low-cost EEG devices make it attractive for researchers, educators and
managers to profile individuals for a more effective analysis of their wellbeing and mental health.
Identifying the early state of mental disorder and profiling individual wellbeing becomes essential to
help sustain a healthy lifestyle. Here we show some examples of our research and analysis in
understanding the brain's functionality through affective psychological understanding. The neuro-
physiological interaction of affect framework allows us to analyse and predict behaviour through
personality traits, which provides new avenues and possibilities of profiling individuals effectively;
thus, we propose the cyberpsychological framework for well-being and mental health. In addition,
porn addiction problem and learning disabilities can also be detected for early intervention.
8
PRINCIPLES OF MAQASID AL -
SHARI’AH
9
Abstract ID: 29 Humanizing Technology in Line with the Principles of Maqasid Al -Shari’ah Poster
Creation of the Islamic Self for Sustainability: Can Muslim Entrepreneurship Positively
Contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals through Tazkiya (Self-Restraint) and
Tarbiya (Self Discipline) of the Muslim Youth
*Amana Raquiba, Omar Javaidb & Gulnaz Anjuma
aInstitute of Business Administration. aInstitute of Business Management.
Unsustainable consumption habits determine the self-esteem, self-image, and self-worth of young
consumers all around the globe. This is equally true for Muslim youth who are as vulnerable to the
pressure of building their self-image as consumers. This has led to adverse effects on the ecosystem
and therefore goes against the United Nation’s sustainable development goals (Goal no. 6,7,11-15).
This paper argues that by changing the criterion to gauge and establish their self-image, self-esteem
and self-worth, we can influence the degree of sustainability of the consumption patterns of young
Muslim individuals. This would subsequently undo the undue pressure on the ecosystem and reduce
the damage. This paper explores how the prevalent criteria of determining self-esteem and self-
worth are rooted in unsustainable consumerism, trapping the planet’s ecosystem in an ever-
expanding vicious cycle of production, consumption and waste. The paper recommends the Islamic
alternative of determining one’s self-worth, which then bolsters oneself confidence and self-esteem.
The Islamic concept of self, unlike its modern counterpart, is not dependent on extrinsic factors,
such as products and services acquired and consumed by an individual, but on intrinsic factors lying
within each individual. Taqwa (God-consciousness and mindfulness leading to virtuosity), Qanaat
(contentment with what you already have), Tawakkul (trust in the grace of Allah), Tashakkur
(gratitude) and Zuhd (frugality) are key concepts and behavioural tools to bring the required
transformation to the consumption patterns of Muslims, especially youth. The paper proposes ways
to promote the cultivation of an Islamically informed self that derives its worth from virtuosity. This
alternative Islamic self-image is to be propagated through education (both at the religious institutions
and conventional universities) and Islamic entrepreneurship. Finally, the policy implications of the
transformation are discussed in terms of its impact on the sustainable development goals here.
Keywords: Self-esteem, Self- respect, Self- worth, Muslim Entrepreneurship, SDG, Tazkiya,(Self-
restraint and Self-discipline), Muslim Youth
10
Abstract ID: 30 Humanizing Technology in Line with the Principles of Maqasid Al -Shari’ah Oral
Diabetes Quality of Life among Elderly Diabetic Patients and Its Association
*Mohd Shaiful Ehsan Shalihina, Hassan Basri Mukhalib, Zati Sabrina Ahmad Zubaidic, Mohd Aznan Md
Arisa, Ahmad Marzuki Omard, Edre Mohammad Aidide, Abdullah Fauzif, Nurul Afiqah Zulkiflif & Azrul
Aziz Abdul Azizf
services provided by most countries. Diabetes comes with morbidities and complications in which the
quality of life of geriatric patients should be measured, and the associated factors should be
determined. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 269 elderly diabetic patients
from all government health clinics of Kuantan. Their sociodemographic data were recorded, and
quality of life was measured using validated Diabetes Quality of Life Instrument. Mann Whitney U test
and Kruskal Wallis tests were used to identify the association between domains of quality of life and
variables. The predictors were identified via logistic regression analysis. Results: The majority of
patients were female (61%), had a primary level of education (52%), and financial income falls within
B40 groups (97.4%). The majority of the clinics were located in rural (61.3%), without the presence
of Family Medicine Specialist (77.7%) and managed mainly by medical officers and diabetic educators
only (55.8%). Most patients had uncontrolled diabetes (71.7%), uncontrolled blood pressure readings
(63.2%) and lipid levels (74.2%). Clinic location, diabetes control status and geriatric age were
statistically significant for predicting patients’ diabetes quality of life. Conclusion: This study proved
that geriatric patients had a better quality of life by lowering the HbA1c target despite the
misconception of the high likelihood of complications among the elderly. Social support and financial
status of patients determined the quality of life in the elderly that should be incorporated as
assessment parameters of each geriatric visit. Each clinic had its unique management strategy. Those
led by family medicine specialists and other major supporting staff usually present in central city
provided the best quality of life for patients. Therefore, more primary care physician and local
management strategy should be produced.
Keywords: Elderly, Diabetes, Quality of Life
11
Abstract ID: 59 Humanizing Technology in line with the Principles of Maqasid al-Shari’ah Poster
Termination of Pregnancy in Preserving the Maqasid Shariah Concept of Life – Case Series
*Mohd Shaiful Ehsan Shalihina, Zulkifli Harunb & Victoria Emmaculcate Tikob
aDepartment of Family Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah,
25200 Kuantan, Pahang. bKlinik Kesihatan Lahad Datu, Jabatan Pesakit Luar, Sabah, 91150 Lahad Datu, Sabah.
Introduction: Termination of pregnancy (TOP) is indicated for the sake of saving the life of a pregnant
woman in the best clinical judgement of the treating doctor. This is in line with what recommended
in the al-Quran and according to the expert opinion of Islamic and Medical scholars. However, this
could be a dilemma for most medical doctors in handling pregnant mothers who are in emotional
distress due to the unplanned pregnancy or premarital conception, in which how far should we agree
to the TOP request. This case series aims to highlight this issue. Method: We would like to share case
series on two related cases of mothers who had features of depression secondary to unplanned and
unwanted pregnancy. Both mothers requested TOP with hopelessness, sadness, anhedonia, reduced
appetite and sleep, and feeling low and down. Rather than directly channel this case for TOP in the
tertiary centre, we approached this case with motivational interview and psychological support in
which close follow-up had been done at the primary care level. Results: The first mother benefited
from the counselling and managed well with some antidepressants and psychotherapy. With family
support and open discussion, the patient finally recovered from their acute stress condition and
decided to take care of the pregnancy rather than proceed with the TOPs. Another case was referred
for TOP after our adequate assessment in view of worsening emotional distress. However, her request
was denied by a treating Obstetrician. She ends up with self-abortion and sepsis. Conclusion: The
need for TOP in psychological distress is still debatable. Monitoring and follow up in primary care
setting have become an important assistance tool in managing these cases. It gives ample time for
the mother and treating doctors to understand the situation thoroughly before deciding to terminate
the foetus’s life, which might be unnecessary. However, failure to look at the case from the “maqasid
shariah” concept on life and mind will lead to unnecessary action by the patient and loses her life.
Keywords: Termination of Pregnancy, Maqasid Shariah
12
Abstract ID: 71 Humanizing Technology in line with the Principles of Maqasid al-Shari’ah Oral
Drawing the Islamic Ethical Line between Medical Treatment and Cosmetic Enhancement
in Tissue Engineering
*Nur Syamimi Mohd Azharuddina, Munirah Sha’banb, Muhammad Aa’zamuddin Ahmad Radzia,
Abdurezak Abdulahi Hashic a Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan
Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang. b Department of Physical Rehabilitation Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University
Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang. c Department of Biotechnology, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah,
25200 Kuantan, Pahang.
Introduction: Tissue engineering is a field that is currently perceived as a tool of more than only to
treat diseases, amplifying the range of human abilities and appearances in those without pathology.
This study investigates the use of tissue engineering as an enhancement technology, particularly in
cosmetic enhancement, and the underlying ethical consequences of such practices. Method: This
study uses content and textual analysis to examine the field of tissue engineering, enhancement
technology and the ethical consequences. Results: This study finds a subtle line between tissue
engineering in medical treatment and cosmetic enhancement practices in the opinion of Muslim
jurists. Tissue engineering in the form of treatment seems permissible as a part of medication, while
the cosmetic practices of tissue engineering are seen as morally unjustified and thus problematic.
For example, there has been an increasing number of practices abroad and in Malaysia, such as
CeltiGraf, the full thickness bio-engineered human skin developed by one local university for cosmetic
purposes. This overly commercialised biomedical paradigm of healthcare tends to medicalise
completely healthy people. As such, this medicalisation and commodification of health result in social
and financial cost as well as increased anxiety and risk for complication from further workups for
incidental or clinically unimportant findings. Conclusion: The traditional notion of medicine as the
art and science of preserving and restoring the bodily health of the patient should remain as the
Islamic framework that guides the application of tissue engineering for medical treatment purposes.
Keywords: Tissue Engineering, Ethics, Biomedical Enhancement, Enhancement, Medicalisation
13
A Qualitative Study on the Ethical Issues and Islamic Rulings in End of Life Care
*Faizatul Najihah Mohd Azamana, Che Anuar Che Mohamadb, Mek Wok Mahmuda, Muhammad
Rasydan Abdul Ghanic, Mohamad Shahrir Abdul Rahimc, Mohd. Faiz Md Tahirc, Mohamad Arif
Shaharg, Abdurezak A. Hashid, Hasbullah Mohamada, Mohd Nizamuddin Ismailc, Suhaila Nanyanc,
Rosazra Roslanb, Ahmad Najib Azmie, Ahmad Wifaq Mokhtarf, *Ariff Osmanc a Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge, International Islamic University Malaysia. b Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia. c Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia. d Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia. e Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University Sains Islam Malaysia. f Faculty of Syariah and Law, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia. g AVISENA Specialist Hospital, No. 4, Jalan Ikhtisas, Seksyen 14, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor.
Introduction: The advancement of medical therapy that leads to the discovery of new medical
treatments is indeed a blessing to human beings. However, the advancement came with certain
ethical concerns involving decisions or procedures which, to a certain extent, contradicting with
Islamic values and principles. Amongst the issues that emerged are related to the new diagnosis of
brain death, implications of withdrawal and withholding of life support, terminal sedation in
palliative care or double effect and the newly advanced medical directives. These issues have raised
crucial ethical concern to the Muslim community, particularly to physicians who directly and regularly
involved end of life care. Method: Data were gathered through individual interviews: face to face
and in-depth semi-structured involving 13 Muslim scholars in Fiqh and Law and Medicine ranging from
palliative care, internal medicine, cardiologist, intensivist, family medicine and psychiatrist. Focus
group discussions were also conducted twice to further analysed the ethical decision in end of life.
Data were subsequently analysed using framework analysis with the aid of the NVivo 11. Results: Our
study has identified several other important ethical issues in end of life care, including the recently
emerged advance medical directives. However, two fundamental issues currently necessitate serious
attention from medical, legal and Islamic perspectives, i.e. (1) the determination of death based on
the criteria of brain death and (2) The diagnosis of medical futility. The majority of the experts we
interviewed were aware of the issues in end-of-life care. They have responded well and share helpful
information, including advance medical directives. Conclusion: Several ethical issues related to the
end of life care, including the diagnosis of brain death and medical futility, are important topic to
be discussed due to their multifaceted implications, i.e. medical, social, legal as well as Islamic faith.
Keywords: End of Life Care, Qualitative Research, Islamic Ruling, ethics, Brain Death, Palliative
Care
14
Quranic Wisdoms on Therapeutic Communications
*Mohammad Arif Shahara & Mohd Faiz Md Tahirb aAVISENA Specialist Hospital, No. 4, Jalan Ikhtisas, Seksyen 14, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor. b Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang.
Therapeutic communication is used by healthcare professionals (HCPs) to educate and empower
patients regarding the management of their medical conditions. It is primarily an integral part of
managing chronic illnesses or non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and obesity, where
patients’ participation in their therapeutics is expected. In this review, we elucidate the lessons in
the Quran in matters related to communication that HCPs should adopt. We categorised the lessons
into four parts. The first part is the “Attitude during Communication”, which deliberate on the
intentions, objectives and perceptions towards patients expected of HCPs when engaging in a
communication session. The second part is “Appropriate Circumstances”, a short discussion on the
importance of creating ideal situations that makes communication effective, as elucidated in the
Quran. The third and fourth parts are “Verbal” and “Non-Verbal Wisdom”, whereby the Quran
teaches how to speak in the former and body language in the latter. Finally, we present case vignettes
to demonstrate how implementing this Quranic wisdom help HCPs conduct successful therapeutic
communication sessions.
Keywords: Quran, Therapeutic Communication
15
Modelled after the Quran and Sunnah: Sustainable Healthy Lifestyle Behaviour
*Mohammad Arif Shahara & Mohd Faiz Md Tahirb aAVISENA Specialist Hospital, No. 4, Jalan Ikhtisas, Seksyen 14, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor. b Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang.
The management of non-communicable disease especially type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity
requires cooperation and participation from patients. These include what is commonly known as
therapeutic lifestyle modifications, among other terms. Therapeutic lifestyle modifications involve
changing the patient’s dietary habits and encouraging exercise. The main problem with these lifestyle
regimes is long-term adherence. Some dietary regime could be seen as extreme. As a solution to
these problems, we proposed a new concept of lifestyle modification for type 2 diabetes mellitus and
obesity, which we termed “Sustainable Healthy Lifestyle Behaviour”. Instead of focusing on changes
and modifications on patients’ diet and exercise, we emphasise lifestyle behaviour. These lifestyle
behaviours of eating and physical fitness are adopted from the Quran and Sunnah. We categorise
these behaviours into three main subheadings, namely, “Eating behaviour”, “Fasting”, and “Physical
activities”. In order to encourage patient to adopt this healthy lifestyle behaviour, we use a
motivational interviewing technique. Without coercion or force, these simple healthy lifestyle
behaviours are adopted and deemed sustainable by patients. Finally, we present a case series of
patients who have successfully managed their medical conditions by adopting these behaviours.
Keywords: Therapeutic Lifestyle Modification, Sustainable Healthy Lifestyle Behaviour, Quran and
Sunnah
16
Supported Lifestyle Modification (SLiM) Clinic: Islamisation in Medicine Model at Work
*Mohammad Arif Shahara, Noor Ashikin Mohd Ruslyb, Nurzeti Shaik Ahmadc, Siti Nordiana Dollahb &
Mohd Faiz Md Tahird aAVISENA Specialist Hospital, No. 4, Jalan Ikhtisas, Seksyen 14, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor. bHospital Angkatan Tentera Tuanku Mizan, Kuala Lumpur. cKlinik Keluarga ATM, Desa Tun Hussein Onn. dKulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang.
Islamisation in medicine, in simple terms, is accepting a medical practice or concepts when in line
with Islamic principles, rejecting them when in conflict with Islam; and modifying them to conform
to Islamic teachings. In other words, Islamisation in medicine is putting Islamic values in medicine
and medical practice, as opposed to creating what commonly understood as Islamic/ alternative
medicine. Islamisation involves contextualising, integrating, inculcating, harmonising medical
practices or concepts with Islamic principles, among other processes. We present a model of
Islamisation in medicine in practical terms; a dedicated clinic for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus
and obesity we named Supported Lifestyle Modification (SLiM) Clinic. The SLiM clinic concept
incorporates “Sustainable Healthy Lifestyle Behaviour” derived from the Quran and Sunnah. Instead
of prescribing therapeutic lifestyle changes for the management of diabetes and obesity, we
emphasise on behaviour modification and encourage change using a technique called motivational
interviewing modelled after the principles proposed by G Hussein Rassool and therapeutic
communications principles based on the wisdom from Quranic teachings; encourage low carbohydrate
diet and regular fasting for patients. Finally, we present data on our patients to illustrate the
feasibility of combining “Sustainable Healthy Lifestyle Behaviour”, “Islamic Motivational
Interviewing” principles and “Quranic Wisdoms on Therapeutic Communications”, demonstrating a
practical model of Islamisation in Medicine in managing type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Keywords: Islamisation, Medicine, Therapeutic Lifestyle Modifications, Motivational Interviewing,
Therapeutic Communication
17
Islamic Interpretation on the Development of Mobile Application for Early Breast Cancer
*Iffah Syafiqah Meor Badi’auzzamana & Zainul Ibrahim bin Zainuddina aDepartment of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiotherapy, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University
Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang.
Introduction: Breast cancer is common cancer that can lead to decreased quality of life, increasing
mortality rate and financial implications for treatment. Mobile Health (mHealth) apps have been used
widely to promote early detection, prevention, and care and support for cancer survivors and chronic
patients. An effort has been undertaken to develop a mobile app that serves as a health promotion
tools for breast cancer awareness and detection. This work aligns the development of this app to the
objectives and principles of Shariah. Method: Literature that discusses current practices in instilling
breast cancer awareness will be examined. This examination, used in conjunction with health belief
theory that describes the behavioural adoption of women towards breast screening practices, will
support the ensuing deliberations of the development of breast cancer app to encourage women in
performing breast examination. The deliberations will be based on the Qawa’id al-Fiqhiyyah (Islamic
legal maxims) as well as Maqasid al-Shariah (six objectives of Islamic law), which aims to protect and
preserve mankind’s faith, life, intellect, progeny, property and honour. The discussions will also
include the Islamic interpretations of the implications of developing the apps upon the individual
woman and the healthcare practitioner. Conclusion: It is hoped that this paper will open further
discussions on the incorporation of Islamic perspectives in the field of information and
communications technology (ICT), especially in the area of app development within the healthcare
sector.
Keywords: mHealth, Mobile Application, Apps, Breast Cancer, Islamic
18
The Efficacy and Durability of Three Desensitising Agents for Management of
Hypersensitive Teeth: An In Vitro Study
*Wan Nor Hayati Wan Abd Manana a Department of Prosthodontics, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang.
Introduction: Dentine hypersensitivity (DH) is a brief and acute pain produced when dentine is
subjected to various stimuli. The treatment for DH has been classified by mode of delivery as at-
home and in-office therapy. It was proven that desensitising agents have the capacity for occluding
dentinal tubules. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and durability of desensitising agents for
the management of DH. Method: Twelve non-carious extracted human permanent premolars were
sectioned into the dentine layer. The dentine disc specimens were divided into 4 groups. Each group
was applied with 8% arginine-calcium toothpaste, 0.24% sodium fluoride toothpaste, potassium
nitrate toothpaste, and distilled water. A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is used to evaluate the
magnitude changes of dentinal tubules post-treatment with the desensitising toothpaste in terms of
efficacy and durability at day 1, week 1 and week 3 after application. The data were analysed by
analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software
(version 19.0). Results: All toothpaste demonstrated significant dentinal tubule occlusions. However,
8% arginine-calcium toothpaste showed the greatest percentage of occlusion at day 1 followed by
potassium nitrate toothpaste and sodium fluoride toothpaste. After 3 weeks, 8% arginine-calcium
toothpaste remains the greatest percentage of dentinal tubules occlusion. Conclusion: The result
showed that 8% arginine-calcium toothpaste is the most efficient and has longer durability than the
other toothpaste. Therefore, this finding could help the patient in the selection of desensitising
toothpaste in managing the DH.
Keywords: Dentine Hypersensitivity, Desensitising Agent, 8% Arginine-calcium, 0.24% Sodium
Fluoride, Potassium Nitrate Toothpaste
19
Advertising and Maqasid Shariah: The Application of Maqasid Shariah Principles in
Advertising Production
*Aida Mokhtara & Mohammad Hashim Kamalib a Department of Communication, Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences of the International Islamic
University Malaysia. b International Institute of Advanced Islamic Studies Malaysia.
It is imperative that Islam guides Muslims' lives in a holistic manner including in trade and advertising.
Much emphasis has been given to the shariah compliance of advertising messages, but more needs to
be discussed on the shariah compliance of the television advertising production process to generate
advertisements that are shariah-compliant. There has been a shortage of studies examining
advertising production from the Maqasid Shariah perspective. It is essential for television advertising
to be produced in a shariah-compliant manner as it shapes one's social reality as supported by social
cognitive theory. The study adopts a phenomenological research design by interviewing respondents
in terms of the application of Maqasid Shariah (higher objectives) in television advertising production.
Islam is divided into Aqidah (belief), Shariah (Islamic law) and Akhlaq (morality). Shariah is further
divided into Ibadah (worship of Allah) that focuses on the relationship and interaction between human
beings and their Creator, and Muamalah (civil and commercial acts) that underscores the relationship
and interaction among human beings. Advertising is related to Muamalah in Islam as it is an essential
component of trade in terms of communicating product information to target audiences and bringing
buyers and sellers together to the marketplace. The application of essential interests in the most
essential component of the Maqasid darurriyat, such as faith, life, lineage, intellect and property,
on the process of advertising production are examined in the interviews. The findings suggest that
all components of the Maqasid need to be considered by advertising practitioners for television
advertising production to be shariah-compliant.
Keywords: Shariah, Islamic Advertisements, Television Advertising Production, Maqasid As-shariah,
Islam
20
Humanising Artificial Intelligence: What So Wrong About It?
Abdul Majid Obaid Hasana, *Nor Razinah Mohd Zaina, Azman Mat Noora aInstitute Of Islamic Banking And Finance, International Islamic University Malaysia.
Introduction: Artificial intelligence is a created machine intelligence different from natural
intelligence. Nowadays, artificial intelligence is celebrated as one of the most advanced
technological achievement in modern civilisation. Such position influences a movement to place
artificial intelligence as a preference due to its existing benefits. At the same time, certain opinions
emphasise celebrating artificial intelligence in a parallel, similar or more advanced than natural
intelligence as bestowed to humankind. Method: This research looks deeper into the intellectual
discourse of giving human rights to artificial intelligence as enforceable rights based on the
qualitative investigation. Based on a comparative analysis between the existing laws and principles
of Shariah, this research also looks into the status of artificial intelligence and the relevancy of
authorising such human rights to it. Results: Artificial intelligence is a machine intelligence created
by humans. Thus, it is a mechanical tool that depends on machine learning and computerised system
ability. It is inadequate to impose human rights on such mechanical tool. Conclusion: The imposition
of rights must be supported with relevant and qualified legal reasons and not merely based on created
rights. Such practice may lead to deviation and abuse of existing rights while transgressing the real
receiver of rights.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Human Rights, Shariah, Laws
21
Abstract ID: 141 Humanizing Technology in Line with the Principles of Maqasid Al -Shari'ah Poster
A Novel Validated Survey on Professionalism among Anaesthetist in Private and
Government Hospitals in Malaysia
aDepartment of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia.
Introduction: Professionalism is the basis of medicine’s contract with society as defined by the
Physician’s charter. Although there have been significant efforts in teaching said subject among the
medical community, efforts to objectively assess professionalism among anaesthetists remains
elusive. Several studies done have indicated communication, ethics & compassion are part of what
defines a professional anaesthetist. We have hence created a questionnaire that probes
professionalism assessment among anaesthetists in Malaysia. Method: A randomised multicentre
cross-sectional study among doctors in anaesthesia in private & government hospitals to validate a
self-created questionnaire of 37 items which had its face validity done prior with a panel of 4 experts.
Inclusion criteria were doctors in anaesthesia for more than one year. The study conducted at the
International Islamic University of Malaysia Medical Centre, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun Ipoh and
Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Results: There were 227 respondents, with 158 (69.6%) respondents from
government hospitals and 30.4% (69 respondents) from a university hospital. The factor analysis gave
a total of 3 main components, knowledge, attitude and practice, with 3 of the 37 items not achieving
good loading factors. The internal consistency (Cronbach alpha) for each component was good except
for knowledge (Cronbach alpha of 0.282). Conclusion: The survey for professionalism among
anaesthetist in private and government hospitals is valid with good internal consistency.
Keywords: Professionalism, Medical Doctors, Medical Ethics, Questionnaire
22
Designing and Validation of a Novel Questionnaire to Evaluate Knowledge, Attitude and
Practise of Leadership Among Medical Doctors
*Dinakren Balashanmugama & Muhamad Rasydan Abd Ghania
aDepartment of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia.
Introduction: Leadership by healthcare professionals is essential in healthcare settings as it improves
clinical outcomes in patients and cost-efficient care. This study aims to develop and determine the
validity and reliability of the Knowledge, Attitude and Practise questionnaire that evaluates
leadership among medical doctors in Malaysia KAP-LM (Knowledge Attitude Practise – Leadership
Medical). Method: The KAP LM was developed with 16 knowledge, 14 attitude, and 14 practise items
on medical leadership. The instrument then was tested for content and face validity, followed by
construct validity and internal consistency reliability. The questionnaire was completed by 180
medical officers from Hospital Selayang, Selangor and International Islamic University Malaysia
Medical Centre, Pahang. Results: Content validity and face validity of the KAP-LM were determined
by six experts and 15 medical doctors, respectively. Two factors were identified through factor
analysis in construct validity. All the item in KAP-LM is reliable based on its internal consistency
reliability with overall α=0.792. Inter correlation between dimensions of attitude and practise section
in KAP-LM presented with good R-values ranging from 0.308 ~ 0.698. Conclusion: Evidence of validity
and reliability of the KAP-LM (12 knowledge, 12 attitude, 12 practise items) have been obtained. The
KAP-LM instrument has the benefit to assess the KAP of leadership among medical doctors in Malaysia.
Thus, it will show how well leadership in our medical fraternity.
Keywords: Leadership, Questionnaire, Medical Ethics, Medical Doctors
23
Supervised Machine Learning in Predicting Depression, Anxiety and Stress Using Web-
based Big Data: Preserving the Humanistic Intellect
*Edre Mohammad Aidida & Ramli Musab
aDepartment of Community Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia. bDepartment of Psychiatry, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia.
Introduction: The validated Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, 21 items (DASS-21), offers insight
on categorising individuals into the severity of each condition. The advancement in public health big
data provides a platform for early detection and prompt treatment of individuals. However, there
are lacking evidence on the prediction accuracy of these data using artificial intelligence methods.
Thus, the study aimed to determine the accuracy of supervised machine learning in predicting
depression, anxiety and stress using big data. Method: A cross-sectional study using secondary data
obtained from an online resource centre was conducted, involving 339,781 respondents. Outcomes
were depression, anxiety and stress were measured using DASS21. Each outcome was modelled with
the rest of the outcome, plus gender, age, race, marital status, education level and occupational
status. A feed-forward artificial neural network was modelled using a multilayer perceptron machine
learning procedure using IBM SPSS version 23. Results: The observed prevalence of depression,
anxiety and stress was 39.9%, 48.5% and 13.4%, respectively. This resulted in 76.4% prediction
accuracy for depression, 76.3% accuracy for anxiety and 87.4% prediction accuracy for stress. Stress
and anxiety were the most important factors contributing to the disease model.
Conclusion: Prediction models on big data using machine learning have high accuracy in predicting
the true observed depression, anxiety and stress prevalence. This requires humanistic control to
preserve the intellect following Maqasid Shariah. Therefore, machine learning should not be abused
but to assist in decision-making towards early detection and prompt treatment of the condition.
Keywords: Supervised Machine Learning, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Big Data
24
Abstract ID: 220 Humanizing Technology in Line with the Principles of Maqasid Al -Shari'ah Poster
Can Caregivers of Under 5 Children Correctly Identify the Danger Signs of Sick Children?
A Preliminary Finding of a Study Among Caregivers in Kuantan, Pahang
*Nik Ahmad Khairul Fahmi Mohamed Juhana, Samsul Dramana, Nor Azam Kamaruzamana & Hafizah
Pasib
Introduction: Preventable under 5 mortality is a global burden. Early detection of danger signs among
under 5 sick children will prompt the caregivers to seek urgent health assistance, thus reduces the
risk for morbidity and mortality. We aim to measure the proportion of correctly identify danger and
non-danger signs among caregivers in Kuantan, Pahang. Method: A cross-sectional study was
conducted among 393 purposely selected caregivers of under 5 children who attended eight well-
child clinics between January and August 2020. Sociodemographic and child health information were
extracted from the child health records book. Concurrently, caregivers were given a checklist of signs
for sick children whereby they have to choose the correct danger and non-danger signs. Results: The
majority of caregivers were female (90.6%) of Malay ethnicity (89.3%), with the mean age of 32 ± 6.
The mean age for their children was 24 ± 18 months, with 96.4% were immunised up to the age. The
main sources of health information were healthcare providers (64.4%) and child health’s record book
(56.0%). Most of the danger signs were correctly identified with “seizure” have the highest
proportions (81.9%) while “reduce urine output” the lowest (33.8%). For the non-danger signs, most
were correctly identified, except for “high fever” and “persistent cough”, which the majority
incorrectly identified as danger signs (80.8% and 57.0%, respectively). Conclusion: Most caregivers
can correctly identify the danger, and non-danger signs among sick under 5 children with health care
providers remain an important source of information.
Keywords: Under 5, Sick Children, Caregivers, Danger Signs
25
Introducing the “Approach to Unwell Children Under 5” (ATUCU5) Manual into the
Undergraduate Medical Education
aDepartment of Family Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia. bDepartment of Community Medicine, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia.
Introduction: The new ATUCU5 manual provides a holistic strategy in the case management of
common childhood illnesses in primary care settings. It was developed by the Ministry of Health
Malaysia and the World Health Organization to reduce preventable deaths due to substandard care
from the conventional “single-condition approach”. We aim to introduce the ATUCU5 manual to
undergraduate medical students during the remote teaching and learning (RTL) period and describe
their understanding. Method: A cross-sectional study were conveniently conducted among Year 4
medical students from four different groups. They were provided with the manual during their Family
Medicine posting. Students read the manual using a flipped classroom style before a two-hour online
virtual case management of a child with diarrhoea. An online post-class survey was conducted and
participated by 50 students. Results: Most of the respondents were female (67%) and had no prior
knowledge about ATUCU5 (94%) before the posting. All stated that exposure to ATUCU5 is important
as an undergraduate, and 56% felt that a two-hour session was inadequate. 78% reported the manual
as easy to read and understood, while 38% and 26% described it as “comprehensive” and “primary”,
respectively. 92% agreed that ATUCU5 is better than the “conventional approach” for diarrhoea, and
56% wanted to learn more about the fever component. In identifying the five main steps in ATUCU5,
all were correctly identified, with the “check for danger sign” step has the lowest (64%) correct
response. Conclusion: Introduction of a clinically orientated ATUCU5 manual to undergraduate
medical students is practical, significant and feasible even during RTL.
Keywords: ATUCU 5, Undergraduate, Medical, Education
26
Muslim-Friendly Sustainable Geo Tourism (MFS-GT) in the Light of the Islamic Approach:
A Qualitative Study Using the Grounded Theory
*Siti Syahirah Saffineea, Mohammad Aizat Jamalusina, Khairusy Syakirin Has-Yun Hashima & Hafizah
Pasia
Introduction: Muslim-friendly tourism and geo-tourism destination have grown without implementing
adequate synergies. The current study sought to Islamize the data on Muslim friendly tourism and
sustainability concepts to generate a theory. Method: The grounded theory approach was applied,
which is one of the qualitative designs. The content of the verses of the Qur’an and the hadith of the
prophet that deal with sustainability issues were analysed. Results: The results of the qualitative
analysis of the verses of the Qur’an and hadith of the prophet have resulted in six concepts that
constitute a broad conceptual theory of Muslim-friendly sustainable Geo-Tourism (MFS-GT) in the
Islamic approach. These concepts contribute to achieving environmental balanced and human health
development as part of Maqasid Shari’ah. The components under MFS-GT are religious components
(Islamic values, culture and norms, and Islamic ethics), and under sustainable components, the
concept of environment, community participation, and socioeconomic were analysed.
Conclusion: This research provides insight to Muslim-friendly tourism stakeholders as practitioners.
It can be strategically used to embed the Muslim-friendly tourism and geo-tourism destination as a
tool to help the sustainability of the place.
Keywords: Islamization, Maqasid Shari’ah, Muslim-friendly Tourism, Environment, Health
27
Preservation of Marine Biodiversity for Health and Wellbeing of the Society in the Age
of Technological Advances: Islamic and Marine Science Perspective
*Normawaty Mohammad Noora & Abdurezak Abdulahi Hashia
aInternational Islamic University Malaysia.
The ocean covers more than 70% of the earth, while the life and health of various living things depend
on the oceans. Healthy marine life is therefore important for sustainable and healthy environment
for all living things, especially human beings, not only in the sense of having a sustainable ecosystem
but also in having healthy marine resources for consumption. With advances in mass production
technology, the oceans are hit by the mass waste dumbing, which has poisoned and intoxicated the
health of marine life and its biodiversity in many ways. The high marine biodiversity of the ocean
provides us with various kind of food with different taste, high in protein, vitamin, minerals and
chemical compounds for medicinal purposes. Besides the challenges of dumbing industrial waste, the
modern advances in technology and usage of sophisticated machines, ships, and other unfriendly
human activities have deteriorated the quality of the ocean and caused the marine biodiversity and
its health resources to decrease. The importance of marine biodiversity has been mentioned many
times in the Qur’an, covering many aspects such as the benefits and usage of the ocean, the
conditions and laws of the ocean, the status of marine resources in terms of consumption and the
needs to protect the marine life. Therefore, in the paper, researchers will use systematic review and
comparative analysis to discuss the impact of technological advances in the marine life health and
its implication on community health. While addressing actors causing the decrease of marine
biodiversity, the paper aims to explore solutions to such problems from Islamic and marine sciences
perspectives.
Review
28
Comprehensive Dual Certification of MS ISO 9001:2015 and MS 1900:2014 to SASMEC
@IIUM: A Beginning of a Long Journey as Shariah Compliant Hospital
*Abdul Rahman Al-Azmia, Aminudin Che Ahmada, Faisal Razul Razalia, Khairul Syafiq Ahmada &
Mohamed Saufi Awanga
aShariah Compliance Unit, Department of Quality Assurance & Safety, Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre @IIUM
Introduction: Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre @IIUM (SASMEC @IIUM) started the operation and
offered its service to the public in August 2016 and committed to bringing experiences and expertise
in providing healthcare services. SASMEC @IIUM is proud to be awarded a dual certification of MS ISO
9001:2015 and MS 1900:2014 by SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd, Malaysia’s leading certification body
since December 2020. To become compliant, SASMEC @IIUM underwent stringent evaluation processes
that included quality management system development, management system documentation review,
audit and initial assessment. A thorough review of the management system was conducted before
certification to the standard was provided. ISO 9001 is the most widely used and recognised standard
for Quality Management Systems internationally. It certifies that an organisation produces quality
products and services, satisfies customers’ requirements and organisation standards. SASMEC @IIUM
has developed and implemented a quality management system to improve the overall performance
and maintain a high level of quality and patient required services. MS 1900 is a certification for an
organisation seeking a Shariah-based quality management system. The standard specifies
requirements for a Shariah-compliant quality management system, ensuring the incorporation of
appropriate and universally accepted values in hospital quality management. The standard includes
halal aspects of delivering products and services too. Obtaining MS 1900:2014 certification officially
verifies that SASMEC @IIUM complies with recognised Shariah requirements. The scope of SASMEC
operation, primarily in providing healthcare services, is all according to the Shariah governance
regulations. This paper will highlight our journey and experience in preparing the requirement,
developing a workforce team, appropriate workflow and standard operating procedures, monitoring
and inspection process and other necessary procedures. Hopefully, it is useful for and triggering other
healthcare services to obtain the certification.
Keywords: Shariah Compliant Hospital, MS 1900:2014, Quality Management System, Shariah-based
QMS
29
Medico-Fiqh Ibadah Training (M-FIT) Awareness Course for SASMEC @IIUM Staff: An
Evaluation of Hybrid Training Mode in the COVID19 Pandemic Era
*Abdul Hadi Mohameda, Aminudin Che Ahmadb,c, Abdul Rahman Al-Azmib & Roswati Nawib
aDepartment Anaesthesiology, Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre @IIUM, International Islamic University Malaysia. bShariah Compliance Unit, Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre @IIUM, International Islamic University Malaysia. cDepartment of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Rehabilitation, Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre @IIUM, International
Islamic University Malaysia.
Introduction: Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre @IIUM (SASMEC @IIUM) is an ISO certified Shariah-
based Quality Management System Healthcare, which provides services in accordance with Shariah
principles in line with the vision of the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). The well-
trained staff with halal healthcare products to fulfil their religious obligations using da`wah bilhaal
approaches that include training, patient care, cleanliness, efficiency, and ibadah in jamaah become
a culture and ibadah friendly hospital initiatives. In order to implement all those Islamic values,
medico-fiqh ibadah training (M-FIT) has become an essential course for all staffs. However, the
program was facing difficulty due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. We share our experiences in conducting
the training in hybrid mode (Online and restricted face-to-face methods) and evaluating participant
perspective of the program. Objective: To evaluate participants perspective and satisfaction among
the SASMEC staffs on Shariah medico-fiqh issues. Method: Data for this study were collected using a
questionnaire developed, and it consists of 22 closed-ended questions. Statistical analysis made to
evaluate the respondent’s perspective of the training course. Results: As a preliminary study, 133
respondents to the questionnaire have been collected so far, consisting of 86 female and 47 males,
respectively. Out of these, 79% are medical practitioners, and 29% are non-clinicians or administrative
staffs. Conclusion: The overall awareness and understanding of medico-fiqh matters among the staff
in SASMEC are satisfactory. An outstanding and positive attitude among them will create an ideal
environment for developing the concept of Shariah compliance. A guideline and continuous education
regarding the Shariah-compliant concept need to be built by SASMEC. SASMEC will need to continue
to highlight the concept of Shariah-compliant healthcare services and its requirement.
Keywords: Shari’ah-compliant Hospital, Awareness, Medico-fiqh Ibadah, Fiqh Ibadah Training
30
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Salah among the Hospitalised Patients
Azni Safinaz Azharia,*Abdul Hadi Mohameda, Aminudin Che Ahmadb,c, Mohd Shukrimi Awangc & Nor
Zamzila Abdullahd
Islamic University Malaysia. dDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre @IIUM, International Islamic University
Malaysia.
Introduction: A Muslim is obligatory to perform salah five times every day at dedicated times. The
obligation must be performed regardless of the situation, either in ease or difficulty. This study aimed
to determine the awareness, knowledge and practicality of salah for sick Muslim patients when they
hospitalised. Method: A cross-sectional study involving 160 patients was conducted between 18th July
to 28th August 2016. A valid self-administered questionnaire was given to all Muslim patients to assess
their awareness, knowledge, and practicality of salah during illness. The questionnaires were
distributed to hospitalised Muslim patient from six selected hospitals in Malaysia. Results: All 160
respondents are Muslim and know that salah is obligatory to be performed (100%). Most of them are
practising salah five times daily, 129 (80.6%), while 26 (16%) practising it sometimes and 5 (3.1%) of
them never perform. However, only 102 (64.4%) still practised salah when hospitalised, while 57
(35.6%) did not. More than half (56.9%) saying that the illness has impacted their daily ritual
practising. About 113 (70.6%) of the respondents felt guilty when they unintentionally leave salah.
The finding revealed that 70 (43.8%) were saying that the hospital facilities did not meet their
expectation to help them perform salah. Conclusion: This study implies that there is a need for
measures and interventions. It is hoped that by conducting proper training and upgrading the
facilities, the level of awareness and practice can be improved.
Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Salah, Practicality, Patient
31
Empowering Patients’ Experience through a Shari'ah-compliant Model Using Patient Care
System PACSYS™
Introduction: In healthcare today, the leading priorities amidst reducing cost are the projected
shortage of skilled medical professionals, improving quality of care and patient satisfaction. Patient
care has entered a new era with the advent of digital technologies like the Internet and social media,
impacting the patient experience. A growing awareness that patient empowerment leads to increased
patient satisfaction and economic gains makes healthcare providers go the extra mile to cater to
their patients' needs. An-Nur Specialist Hospital had introduced an interactive bedside terminal since
its operation in June 2019. The terminal allows patients to empower themselves with the software
application modules known as PACSYS. The purpose of the study is to evaluate how much has PACSYS
able to meet the patients’ requirement in term of Empowerment based on the seven essential
components of Patient Empowerment as proposed by Ennis-O’Connor, 2018. Method: The
methodology used is through patients’ survey. The survey was carried out to more than 50 in-patients
to answer questions related to the seven essential components available on PACSYS. Based on the
Linkert scale of 1 to 5, the data was recorded and analysed. Results: The results indicated that more
than seventy percent of the patients were using the bedside terminal. More than eighty percent
mentioned that the terminal provides much convenience to patients with added values features that
enhance one’s stay in the hospital. The essential components for patients’ empowerment have been
met. Conclusion: PACSYS™ is an interactive bedside solution for the healthcare environment.
PACSYS™ not only meets patients' entertainment and communication needs, but it also provides
extensive opportunities for hospitals to engage further through the range of robust Patients'
Empowerment and Clinical Solutions.
Empowerment
32
ADVANCES AND SHARI’AH
33
Abstract ID: 19 Harm Reduction: Balancing Between Biomedical Advances and Shari’ah Oral
Psychological and Societal Impacts of Unknown Descent and the Islamic Objective of
Nasab: The Child’s Right to Know his Descent
*Anke Iman Bouzenitaa & Feryad A. Hussainb
aDepartment of Islamic Sciences, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Khoudh 123, Muscat, Oman. bPrincipal clinical psychologist, Last affiliation: North East London NHS Foundation Trust. Currently in Private Practice. *Corresponding author: [email protected]
Introduction: Among the legitimate Islamic rights of children is the right of a child to know his
descent and be born into wedlock. Nasab, descent, is categorised under the five essential objectives
of Shari’ah. In a number of contemporary bioethical cases, ranging from children resulting from
surrogate motherhood and assisted reproduction involving (anonymous) egg and sperm donors to the
possibility of human cloning itself, this right may be denied. This paper aims to discuss these cases
under the aspect of a child’s basic right to know his biological parents in Islam. Supported by newer
sociological and psychological research, it showcases the possible effects of an unknown descent on
a child's psychological well-being and its impact on society. Method: The research follows an
inductive methodology by conducting a literature review and an analytical method, supporting the
Islamic normative approach of nasab with contemporary research on the repercussions of unknown
descent on mental, psychological and societal development. Results: The higher objectives of Islamic
law, as exemplified in the right of a child to know his descent, intend to protect individual mental
and societal wellbeing. Recent developments in the biomedical field may contribute to a growing
social and mental instability of the receiving societies as well as the loss of basic children’s and
parental rights.
Gene Editing, Mt Transplantation
3RD WORLD CONGRESS ON INT

iium kuantan

Documents