ili for maop & pipe grade validation - aga.org · segments with known smys segments with...

ILI FOR MAOP & PIPE GRADE VALIDATION

Christopher De Leon

AGA - Grapevine TX - 21th May 2015

AGA - Grapevine TX - © ROSEN Group May 21, 2015

• Background & Introduction

• Pipeline properties required for Pipeline assessment

• Pipeline Characteristics and Properties

• A Novel ILI technology for Supporting Pipe Grade

Determination (pipe grade sensor - PGS)

• Summary RoMat PGS

CONTENTS

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

100.0%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

Inst

alle

d b

y D

eca

de

Cu

mu

lati

ve (

red

lin

e)

Inst

alle

db

y D

eca

de

(b

lue

co

lum

s)

Percentage of gas transmission pipeline

mileage installed in the USA [1]

• 305,000 miles (490,850 km) of

natural gas transmission pipelines in

the USA

• Approx. 50% of all pipelines

installed between 1950 and 1970

• Approx. 66% of all pipelines

installed prior to 1970 (“pre-

regulation pipelines”)

BACKGROUND & INTRODUCTION


MINIMUM INGREDIENTS REQUIRED FOR

PIPELINE ASSESSMENT

Feature Type

Feature Length

Seam TypeGrade

(and

toughness)

Diameter

Wall Thickness

Location


PIPELINE CHARACTERISTICS

KEY PARAMETERS FOR MAOP CALCULATION

ε

σ

xx x

x

Fracture

(Ultimate Strain)

Ultimate Tensile

Stress (UTS)

Yield Strength (YS)

Proportional limit stress

Barlow Equation

ILI POTENTIAL

Key Parameter Covered by ILI

Wall thickness

Diameter

Long seam type

Yield strength

standard

standard

Special ILI service

Pipe Grade Sensor(PGS)

𝑀𝐴𝑂𝑃 = 𝑆𝑀𝑌𝑆 ∙2 ∙ 𝑡

𝐷∙ 𝑆𝐹

MAOP: Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure

t: Nominal Wall Thickness

SMYS: Specified Minimum Yield Strength (YS)

D: Outer Pipe Diameter

SF: Safety Factor (product of factors dependent of

standard or regulation) including long seam

factor


A NOVEL ILI TECHNOLOGY FOR SUPPORTING

PIPE GRADE DETERMINATION

Destructive testing

Our calibration data set are supported by destructive

testing.

As of today we used 23 vintage pipe sample with

unknown properties for destructive testing.


Tensile Testing (ASTM A 370)

Tensile Testing (ASTM A 370)

Charpy Testing (ASTM A 370)

Micro-sections

The properties of five modern

grades are supported by mill

test reports.



100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

350 400 450 500 550 600 650

Measu

rem

en

t [a

.u.]

Ultimate tensile strength [MPa, N/mm2]

st37, S235JR+AR

A516_Grade70

ST52, S355MC

X65, API 5L X65 PSL2

X70, SAWL 485 IFD

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

300 350 400 450 500 550

Measu

rem

en

t [a

.u.]

Yield strength [MPa, N/mm2]

st37, S235JR+AR

A516_Grade70

ST52, S355MC

X65, API 5L X65 PSL2

X70, SAWL 485 IFD

Results

• Coefficient of determination:

UTS: r2 = 0.92

YS: r2 = 0.76


Laboratory tests:

Conjunction between mechanical

and electro-magnetic steel

properties



a.b

.

Schematic view

WT measurement from MFL

Color scan of the

PGS response

PG

S r

espon

se

cle

arly independe

nt fr

om

WT

Median in circumferential

direction of PGS response

Pull test at test facility of RTRC


Conducting of performance

Pull tests



Color scans of Pull tests with varying velocities

PGS response

independent from

tool velocity




Color scan of the PGS response


Correlation plots of performance pull tests within

the tool performance



Development conclusion:

• Pipe Grade Sensor (PGS): Electro-Magnetic sensor technology

• High resolution approach, high circumferential resolution

• Vintage UTS and YS value are based on destructive testing according to

ASTM A 370

• Laboratory and full-scale testing proved capabilities to quantify UTS and YS

values




• 16” pipeline, 70,000 ft.

• 1583 pipe segments and fittings

• Natural gas transmission pipeline

• Nominal wall thickness 0.250”

• Pipe line constructed and partial replaced with new

and used (refurnished) pipes

• Known pipe grades: X42, X52, X60

• Unknown pipe grades: X24 according to 49 CFR

• ILI in January 2014

• 11 Field verifications 2014

• Validation Digs and NDE program has been

completed in Q4 2014.


Performance test of the tool in the field



Co

un

ts [

a.u

.]

[ft]


Performance test of the tool in the field: Color scan of the PGS response

for 1583 pipe segments47 P

ipe S

egm

ents

282 P

ipe S

egm

ents



Correlation plot: UTS ILI versus UTS mobile hardness

Results of the field verifications according to API 1163

87 ksi

73 ksi

58 ksi


20

30

40

50

60

70

80

140

190

240

290

340

390

440

490

540

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000

YS

[k

si]

YS

[M

Pa

]

LogDist [ft]

Segments with unknown SMYS



Avg. YS per section (ILI)

Segments with known SMYS

lowest value of single joint per section

Field validation results

X60

X52

X42

Grade B

Grade A

Unknown

Grade*


Result of the data evaluation

* unknown grade is set by default to X24

in accordance with CFR 49

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

140

190

240

290

340

390

440

490

540

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000

YS

[k

si]

YS

[M

Pa

]

LogDist [ft]

Segments with known SMYS Segments with unknown SMYS Field validation results

YS per joint (ILI) lowest value of single joint per section





X60

X52

X42

Grade B

Grade A

Unknown

Grade*





20

30

40

50

60

70

80

140

190

240

290

340

390

440

490

540

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000

YS

[k

si]

YS

[M

Pa

]

LogDist [ft]

Field validation results

Avg. YS per section (ILI)

Segments with known SMYS

lowest value of single joint per section

Segments with unknown SMYS



X60

X52

X42

Grade B

Grade A

Unknown

Grade*



1. Expected: YS from ILI (blue) >= SMYS (red). Valid for all sections within tool performance.

2. ILI results of newer pipes are all agreeing with reported SMYS in the records. Important for baseline survey

of a as-built pipelines: higher accuracy of ILI.3. All unknown grades of pipeline are at least grade X42

=> Outcome Rosen: Demonstration of tool performance inclusive validation and functionality

=> Outcome Operator: Changing of section with unknown grade to section with known grade

1

1

2

3

1 1

OBSERVATIONS AND FINDINGS


Unknown

Grade*

R&D TECHNICAL SUMMARY ROMAT PGS


• The technology delivers the minimum yield strength values for each and every

pipe line joint

• Result is a holistically view of the pipeline design. All potential “rogue” pipes

(regarding unsufficient yield strength) will be located

• Scatter plots of the holistically recorded yield strength values divides the

pipeline in segments for MAOP calculation and MAOP confirmation of the

entire pipeline

• The data evaluation delivers important components of the pipeline design and

validates maintenance work activities undertaken

• The Inline inspection service is embedded within the API 1163. This standard

identified the need of field verifications and validates confidence

• A holistically ILI-service for pipe grade determination is a first step in an

integrity verification process to replace destructive testing, in the long run

• Holistically, the pipe grade determination increases the accuracy of pipeline

integrity management, knowing the presence of threats

[1] J. F. Kiefner, M. J. Rosenfeld, The Role of Pipeline Age in Pipeline Safety,

Final Report No. 2012.03, INGAA Foundation, October 2012

[2] B. Amend, Det Norske Veritas (USA), Using Hardness to Estimate Pipe

Yield Strength; Field Application of ASME CRTD – Vol. 91, IPC2012-90262

[3] T. Beuker, B. Brown, Axial Flaw Detector Pig Design Improves Pipeline

Integrity, Pipeline & Gas Journal, December 2003

REFERENCES & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS


www.rosen-group.com

THANK YOU FOR JOINING

THIS PRESENTATION.

ili for maop & pipe grade validation - aga.org · segments with known smys segments with...

Documents