ilmu wireline baru

8/10/2019 Ilmu Wireline baru

1/30

Sandvik Steel

High alloyed stainless

Steel wire

For heavy duty slickline/wireline

operations


2/30

Sandvik Steel

Downhole requirements

Slicklines normally work under maximum recommended

stress

Stress concentration occurs

Well fluids: Oil/Water polluted by sour gases (CO2, H2S,

chlorides)

The wrong material can lead to corrosion and possible

failure: chloride or H2S induced

Material selection:

Cost

Resistance against well-fluids

Mechanical loads


3/30

Sandvik Steel

Technical considerations

Material properties

Breaking loads, safe loads

Stress and fatigue

Pulley wheel diameters

Corrosion resistance

Material choice - environment


4/30

Sandvik Steel

Load capability

GradeDim

(inch)

Dim

(mm)

Tensile

strength

(Mpa)

Min

Tensile

strength

(psi) Min

Breaking

load (lbf)

Line

length

(ft)

Effective

Breaking

Load,

EBF (lbf)

Rec. safe

load

(75% of

the

EBF)(lbf)

SAF2205 0,082 2,083 1700 250000 1302 10000 1094 818

0,092 2,337 1700 250000 1639 10000 1377 1029

0,105 2,667 1700 250000 2135 10000 1793 1341

0,108 2,743 1700 250000 2258 10000 1897 1418

0,125 3,175 1700 250000 3025 10000 2541 1900

San28 Cu 0,082 2,083 1510 218950 1156 10000 971 726

0,092 2,337 1510 218950 1456 10000 1223 914

0,105 2,667 1510 218950 1896 10000 1593 1191

0,108 2,743 1510 218950 2006 10000 1685 1260

0,125 3,175 1510 218950 2687 10000 2257 1688

San26Mo 0,082 2,083 1580 229100 1210 10000 1016 760

0,092 2,337 1580 229100 1523 10000 1279 957

0,105 2,667 1580 229100 1984 10000 1666 1246

0,108 2,743 1580 229100 2099 10000 1763 1318

0,125 3,175 1580 229100 2812 10000 2362 1766


5/30

Sandvik Steel

Mechanicalrequirements inlet data

Wire length 25 000 ft (7600 m)

Tensile strength 1500 MPa

Elastic Modulus 185 000 MPa

Recommended Safe load 75% of tensile strength = 1125 MPa


6/30

Sandvik Steel

Mechanicalrequirements elongation

As the load components work on different lengths we can assume a

worst case, simulating a Jarring operation at 25000 ft depth with a

0.125" line.

Weight of wire = 7600 m x 63.8 kg/1000 m = 485 kg

Stress induced by weight of wire = 600 MPa

Allowable pulling stress = 1125 - 600 = 525 MPa

Tension induced by weight of wire is given by:

= E *

(:

stress, E: E-modulus,

: weight)

weight = 600/185 000 = 0.0032 = 0.32 %.


7/30

Sandvik Steel

Mechanicalrequirements elongation (cont)

Weight center is on 50% of wire length, giving the stretch

induced by wire weight is 0.0032 x 25 000/2 = 40 ft

Elongation induced by the maximum pulling force is

525/185 000 = 0.28%

0.28%/100 x 25 000 ft =70 ft or 21 m.


8/30

Sandvik Steel

Stress at outer fibre of wireversus pulley wheel diameter

= E. d+D


9/30

Sandvik Steel

Influence of Sheave diameter

Strain range (/2) = Wire diameter/(Wire diameter +

Sheave diameter)

The bigger the sheave diameter the smaller

/2 and thelonger lifetime or higher number of cycles to failure


10/30

Sandvik Steel

Fatigue testing


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Sandvik Steel

Fatigue testing results

Dimension Sanicro 28 Sanicro 26 Mo

0,125"

(cycles to failure) (cycles to failure)

45154908

0,108"

0,092"

27383991

29233841


12/30

Sandvik Steel

Fatigue testing

Grade Dimension Rp Cycles to failure

San 28 0,125 27380,108 3991

0,092 4908

San 26 Mo 0,125 29230,108 3841

0,092 4515

San 36 Mo 0,107 1780 28210,107 1530 3840


13/30

Sandvik Steel

Research & development

Testing:

Fatigue

Corrosion

Pitting, Stress corrosion cracking, general corrosion

constant load in sour environments

Stress

Ductility

Tensile strength

Research (4% of turnover per year)

New grades

Process techniques

Basic research

General technical (customer) support


14/30

Sandvik Steel

Wireline program

Alloy Designation %Cr %Ni %Mo %N Other PRE Tensile strength Corrosion resistanceMin

5R10 AISI 304 18.5 8.5 0,07 18.5 1650 For sweet wells

5R60 AISI 316 17 11 2.6 25.6 1500 For wells with less severeconditions

2RK66 AISI 904L 20 25 4.5 Cu=1.5 34.85 1400 For medium sour wells

SAF 2205 UNS S31803 22 5.5 3.2 0.18 35.44 1700 High tensile for CO2 wellswith low H2S

Sanicro 26 UNS N08926 20 25 6.5 0.2 Cu = 1.0 1585 High tensile for sour wells

Sanicro 28 UNS N08028 27 30.5 3.4 Cu=1.0 38.22 1500 High tensile for sour wells

Sanicro 36 Mo 27 34 5,5 0,4 Mn=5 51,0 1850 Super tensile for sour wells

Wirelines according to API 9A - material is readily available.


15/30

Sandvik Steel

Sanicro 26 Mo

UNS N08926

Austenitic for sour wells

Tensile strength min 1585 Mpa

PRE 47

Very good choice for sour wells with high concentration

of chlorides, also with H2S and CO2present. Very good resistance to pitting, stress corrosion,

cracking and general corrosion

Excellent fatigue properties

Also suitable for well-logging cables


16/30

Sandvik Steel

Sanicro 28

UNS N08028

Austenitic for sour wells

Tensile strength min 1500 Mpa

PRE 39

Very good choice for sour and geothermal wells. Very

good corrosion resistance in H2S, CO2and Cl containingenvironments.


CPT f i ll i t l


17/30

Sandvik Steel

CPT for various alloys in neutralchloride solutions 300 mV SCE.

Critical Pitting at various temperatures in

neutral chloride solutions 300 mV

SCE.(2)

Critical pitting


18/30

Sandvik Steel

Critical pittingtemperature as a function of pH.

CPT in 3% NaCl with varying pH at 600

mV SCE. (2)

Pitting potentials of various alloys


19/30

Sandvik Steel

Pitting potentials of various alloysas a function of temperature

Pitting potentials in 3% NaCl, pH about

6. Scan rate = 20Mv/min

Stress corrosion


20/30

Sandvik Steel

Stress corrosioncracking resistance

SCC resistance in oxygen-bearing (about

8ppm) neutral chloride solutions. Testing

time: 1000 hours. Applied stress equal toyield strength at testing time. The curve

for AISI 304/304L and 316/316L is based

on experimental data and practical

experience.

H S resistance of


21/30

Sandvik Steel

H2S resistance ofSAF 2205 and Sanicro 28

Constant-load SCC tests in cidified aqueous

solution. Stress = 0.2 yield strength at testing

temperature = 90C (194F. Testing time 500

hours. Sanicro 28 and SAF 2205 tested in

the cold.-worked condition, AISI 420

quenched and tempered.

Effect of pH on H S


22/30

Sandvik Steel

Effect of pH on H2Sresistance of SAF2205

Atmospheric pressure SCC tests of 17% cold

worked SAF 2205 in 5% NaCI at different pH

values, different partial pressures of H2S, and

temperatures of up to 90 C (194 F).Stress = Rp 0.2 at testing temperature. Testing

time = 500 hours. Closed symbols denote

failure, open symbols no failure.


23/30

SCC resistance of Sanicro 28 and


24/30

Sandvik Steel

SCC resistance of Sanicro 28 andSanicro 26Mo in H2S environment

High pressure SCC tests of 50 to 60%cold

worked Sanicro 28 in 5 and 15%NaCl with a

partial pressure of CO2 equal to 7 Mpa (1000 psi)at temperatures between RT and 260 C (500F).

Stress = R p0.2 at testing temperature. Testing

time = 500 hours.


25/30

Sandvik Steel

Sanicro 28

100

500

1000

1500

2000

2000

15001000

500

0

0

150

200

250

Temp (C)

H2S (psi)CO2 (psi)


26/30

Sandvik Steel

Well intervention - the future

Deeper wells

Higher temperatures

More corrosive environments

What are the oil and gas industrys needs in this area?

What are the problems you are facing? Short term?

Long term?

How are wirelines logged? (number of hours used?Number of operations etc)

Traceability?

Are braided lines used? Carbon Steel or stainless?


27/30

Sandvik Steel

Sanicro 36 Mo

New Super austenite for sour environments

High tensile strength

> 1865 Mpa (270 ksi)

On-going experimentation to guarantee 300 ksi

Excellent corrosion resistance

PRE > 50


Currently used exclusively for well-logging cables.

Slicklines under development - time scale: perhaps one

year.


28/30

Sandvik Steel

SSRT in H2S

Temperature 204C

P CO21000 psi (7 Mpa)

P H2S350 psi

P tot10 Mpa 15% NaCl

0,90

0,62

0,70

0,80

0,22

0,33

0

0,17

00,00

0,10

0,20

0,30

0,40

0,50

0,60

0,70

0,80

0,90

RATIO [%El (env)/%El (inert)]

New alloy Specimen 1




UNS N08028 Specimen 1



UNS N08926 Specimen 2UNS N08926 Specimen 3


29/30

Sandvik Steel

Logistics

Main stock in Sweden

Service stocks close to/at

markets/customers

Material investigation /

failure analysis

Continuous flow of material

and intermediate stocks

Customer/subsidiary ordersare supplied rapidly

Customer partnership


30/30

Sandvik Steel

Benefits

Complete product programme from Carbon Steel to

advanced alloys

Integrated production: we control the process and the

chemistry

Significant technical resources

Technical support

Knowledge in oil and gas related applications of

stainless steel

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