im lang sam set - kinh nguoi bat ran

7/29/2019 Im Lang Sam Set - Kinh Nguoi Bat Ran

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2/452 | Mc lc

Mc lc

Kinh Ngi Bt Rn.................................................................................... 3i kinh................................................................................................... 13Nguyn do ni kinh .................................................................................. 13Tn kinh ..................................................................................................... 13S hiu lm ca thy Arittha ................................................................... 14Tai ha ca dc lc .................................................................................... 17Ci nguy ca s hiu lm gio l ............................................................ 18Bt rn ........................................................................................................ 19Chic b ...................................................................................................... 20Ngn tay ch mt trng............................................................................. 23Chim Tr..................................................................................................... 24Ph chp ..................................................................................................... 25Im lng sm st.......................................................................................... 26V ng ........................................................................................................ 27Kin y.......................................................................................................... 30Tip nhn gio l v V ng .................................................................... 33Bt kh c, bt kh thi thit.................................................................... 35Nit bn ...................................................................................................... 37Nh lai........................................................................................................ 38i ph vi s hiu lm ........................................................................... 40Li cui....................................................................................................... 43Ch thch .................................................................................................... 45


3/453 | Kinh Ng i B t Rn

Kinh NgiBt Rn

(Alagaddpamasutta)

y l nhng iu ti c nghe hi Bt cn du hnh Savatthi

trong vn Cp C c rng cy K . Do y, kht s Arittha, vnxa l ngi hun luyn chim ng [1], c t kin nh sau: Theo shiu bit ca ti v iu Bt dy, hng th dc lc khng phi lchng ngi cho s tu tp. Nghe n nh th nhiu v kht s tm tiArittha v hi: Arittha, c phi s huynh ni rng theo s hiu

bit ca s huynh v li Bt dy th hng th dc lc khng cchng ngi g cho s tu tp, c phi th khng? Kht s Arittha tr

li: Cc hin hu, qu l nh th. Ti ngh rng Bt khng cho shng th dc lc l chng ngi cho s tu tp. Cc v kht s bo:Ny s huynh Arittha, s huynh ng ni nh th, ng c bi

bng v vu khng c Th Tn. c Th Tn khng h ni nh vy;bi bng v vu khng c Th Tn l khng tt. S huynh Arittha,dc lcl chng ngi cho s tu tp. Th tn dng rt nhiu v d ni vi chng ta iu . S huynh nn t b t kin y i. Tuy

c cc kht s ch bo cho nh th nhng kht s Arittha vnkhng nghe, vn c th t kin ca mnh, vn mt mc ni rng iung ta ngh l s thc, ngoi ra cc kin khc u sai lm. Can thipnh vy n ba ln m khng c hiu qu, cc v kht s mi ngdy b i. H tm ti Bt. Sau khi nh l di chn ngi, cc vngi mt bn v bch vi Bt: Bch c Th Tn, kht s Arittha chtrng t kin l theo li Th Tn dy, hnh lc khng phi l chng

ngi cho s tu tp. Th Tn, nghe ni nh th, chng con tm tivi s huynh Arittha, kim chng li iu s huynh ni, v nivi s huynh rng Th Tn khng h ni nh th. Chng con khuyns huynh nn lp tc b t kin y i, khng nn vu khng cho cTh Tn v lm nh vy l khng tt. Chng con can thip ti ba lnnhng khng lm cho s huynh Arittha t b c t kin y, v vychng con b v y.



Nghe xong, Th Tn bo mt v kht s: Thy hy tm n tr x cakht s Arittha v ni vi thy y rng ti gi. V kht s y vng lidy ca c Th Tn, ng dy nh l Bt, i vng ba ln quanhngi ri i. c Bt gi, kht s Arittha lp tc tm v, n nh lBt v ngi li mt pha bn ngi. Bt bo: Thy Arittha, thy

ni rng theo ci hiu ca thy th ti khng cho s hnh dc l mtchng ngi cho s tu tp, c phi khng?

Thy Arittha p:

Th Tn, con tht s ngh rng theo tinh thn Th Tn dy, hnh dckhng phi l chng ngi cho s tu tp.

c Th Tn qu:

Thy Arittha, bng cch no m thy li cho rng ti ni phpnh th? T ming ngi no m thy li nghe iu ? Thy tht ldi dt. iu m ti cha tng ni, thy li c bo ti c ni. Nghecc v kht s anh em khuyn bo, ng l thy cng phi theophp m ng p By gi y ti hi cc thy kht s khc xem

sao.Ni ti y, Bt quay li hi cc v kht s:

Cc v c tng nghe ti dyl hnh dc khng gy ra chng ngi gcho s tu tp hay khng?

Cc v kht s p:

Bch Th Tn, khng. Chng con khng tng nghe nh th.

c Th Tn hi:

Vy cc thy nghe ti ni nh th no?

Cc v kht s p:

Chng con u tng nghe c Th Tn dy rng dc lc l chng

ngi cho s tu tp. Th Tn thng dy dc lc l khc xng trn, l



ming tht sng, l b uc rm cm ngc gi, l h than hng, lcon rn c, l mt gic mng, l ca vay mn, l cy sai tri[2]

c Th Tn bo:

ng vy, cc v kht s. Ti thng thuyt php nh th, qu v nghe ng. V sao? Dc lc l chng ngi. Dc lc l khc xngtrn, l mingtht sng, l b uc rm, l h than hng, l con rnc, l mt gic mng, l ca vay mn, l cy sai tri Cc thy nghe ng. Cn kht s Arittha y l ngi di dt, hiu li timt cch o ngc, v vn cng nh v ngha, v nh vy vukhng bi bng ti v cng t lm hi mnh. y l mt s viphm, mt s li lm cho nhng bc tr gi v phm hnh mt vui.

Nghe c Th Tn qu trch nh th, thy Arittha ci u im lng,trong lng lo bun, khng tm ra c li no i p.

Qu thy Arittha xong, Bt dy cc v kht s:

Nhng gio php ti ni, cc thy phi tm hiu ngha l mt cchtht tng tn v ng mc ri mi nn em ra hnh tr. Nu cha

tm hiu c ngha l mt cch tng tn v ng mc th trc hthy nn hi li chnh ti hoc hi li cc bc tr gi v cc bc phmhnh . Ti sao? C nhng ngi thiu tr tu, v c nhn thc sai lcv vn v v ngha, hiu ngc nhng iu cp n trong ccth ti kinh in nh chnh kinh, ca vnh, k thuyt, k tng nhnduyn son lc, bn khi, th thuyt, sinh x, qung gii, v tng huphp v thuyt ngh [3]. Nhng ngi y hc vi ch tranh lun

hn thua m khng hc v mc ch tu tp gii thot nn b kt vos vic m khng tip nhn c chn ngha ca kinh. H tri quanhiu gian nan cc kh m khng c li ch g, rt cng ch thm mtmi. Cng ging nh ngi i bt rn min hoangd, thy rn lnlin ly tay chp vo mnh n cho nn b rn quay u li m vo tay,vo chn hoc vo mt b phn no khc ca c th. Bt rn nh vyth khng c ch li g m li mang ha vo thn. L do l ti ngi ykhng bit th thut bt rn.Ngi hc kinh khng thng minh cngvy: v khng bit cch hc hi nn hiu kinh mt cch tri ngc.



Nhng k khn ngoan s bit cch kho lo tip nhn vn kinh vngha kinh, do khng c nhng kin gii o ln. H khng hc vmc ch khoe khoang v tranh ci. H hc vi mc ch tm nggii thot. V vy h khng h cc kh v lao nhc. H cng gingnh ngi i bt rn m bit s dng mt khc cy c nng st: khi

n vng hoang d, thy rn ln, h n nng ngay xung c con rnv ly tay bt ngay u rn. Rn kia tuy c th quy ui, qun tay,qun chn hoc mt b phn khc ca c th ngi bt rn nhngkhng th no m ngi y c. Bt rn nh vy khng cc kh mcng khng lao nhc, ch v ngi y bit r th thut bt rn. Ngicon trai hoc con gi nh lnh khi hc n kinh in phi bit kholo tip nhn vn v ngha kinh mt cch khng o ln th mi nm

c chnh php. H khng hc hi vi mc ch ba hoa tranh cim ch hc vi mc ch tm cu gii thot. H khng cn tri quanhng cc kh v nhc nhn.

Cc v kht s, ti nhiu ln ni vi qu v v v d chic b, v cndn qu v phi bit bung b chic b m ng nm gi n k qu.V d c mt hm nc trn ni trn v thnh dng ln ngp lt v

tri git nhiu th. C k mun qua bn kia b m khng c thuyncng khng c cu. Ngi y ngh: ta c vic cn phi qua bn kia,nhng phi tm phng th an n m qua. Ngh nh vy ri lini lm cy c kt li thnh mt chic b v dng b vt dng sang b bn kia mt cch an n. Qua bn kia ri ngi y ngh: Tamt bao nhiu cng phu v th gi mi kt c mt chic b v nhn m mi qua c bn ny. Vy ta khng nn b n. By gi ta

phi khing n ln vai hoc i n ln u m i. Ngi y ni rilm nh th. Cc v kht s! Cc v ngh ngi y lm nh th c chli g khng?

Cc v kht s p: Bch c Th Tn, khng.

Bt ni:

K kia lm th no chic b y tip tc c ch? ng ta nn nghrng: Chic b ny gip ta vt dng sng qua y an n, vy ta



nn th chic b li xung nc hoc n bn b, nh vy ngin sau s c c c hi dng n. Ny cc v kht s, ngh v lmnh th th c ch li khng?

Cc v kht s p: Bch c Th Tn, c.

Bt dy:

Ti nhiu ln ni vi qu v v v d chic b l v th. Php mcn phi bung b, hung h l ci khng phi Php.

Ny cc v kht s! C su kin x [4]ngha l su loi nhn thc sailm nn bung b. Nhng g l su?

Trc ht l sc thn. Sc thn, d thuc qu kh, v lai hay hin ti,d bn trong hay bn ngoi, d vi t hoc th s, d p hay xu, dxa hay gn, sc thn y cng khng phi l ca ta, khng phi l ta,cng khng phi l thn ng. V kht s phi bit qun chiu thyc s tht v sc thn.

Th hai l cm th.

Th ba l tri gic.

(Th t l tm hnh)

Nhng php y d thuc qu kh, v lai hay hin ti, d bn tronghay bn ngoi, d vi t hoc th s, d p hay xu, xa hay gn ukhng phi l ca ta, khng phi l ta, cng khng phi l thn ng.

Th nm l nhn thc: nhng g ta thy, nghe, hay, bit, nm bt,quan st v t nim, trong thi gian ny hay thi gian khc, nhngth y u khng phi l ca ta, u khng phi l ta, u khng phil thn ng.

Sau ht l th gii. C k quan nim rng: Th gii l thn ng, thnng l th gii, th gii l ta, ta s tn ti khng bin dch sau khi cht,

ta l ci vnh vinkhng mn dit. Ta nn qun chiu thy rngth gii khng phi l ca ta, khng phi l ta, khng phi l thnng. Qun chiu thy c s thc y v th gii.


8/458 | K inh Ng i B t Rn

Nghe n y, mt v kht s ng dy trt vai o bn phi ra, chptay hng v Bt v bch:

Th Tn, c th v l do ni ti m hong s v lo bun hay khng?

Bt dy: C th. Nu c k nhn thc v ni nh sau: Ci y ngyxa vn khng c, ri tr nn c, m by gi ti li khng c. Nhnthc nh th v ni nh th th k y c th u su, than khc v mngc cho n phi tr nn in di. l s hong s v lo bun cl do ni ti.

V kht s hi: Th Tn, c th v l do ni ti m khng c s hongs v lo bun hay khng?

Bt dy:

C th. Nu c k khng nhn thc v ni nh sau: Ci y ngy xavn khng c, by gi c, m ti li khng c. K y s khng u suthan khc v khng m ngc cho n phi tr nn in di. l skhng hong s v lo bun c l do ni ti.

V kht s hi: Th Tn, c th v l do ngoi ti a n s hong sv lo bun hay khng?

Bt dy:

C th. Gi s c k nhn thc v ni nh sau: y l thn ng, yl th gii, y l ta, ta s tn ti mi v sau. Ri ngi y gp Bthay mt ngi hc tr ca Bt c thng minh tr tu thuyt php

cho nghe v s x ly, cc kin chp v thn, v ng, v ng s, v sbung b ng mn, trin s v lu hoc, k y c th ngh rng: thith l ht, ta s bung b tt c, ta khng phi l th gii, l ta, l thnng, ta s khng th tn ti mi v sau, sau khi cht ta s hon tonon dit, khng cn g na m thng, m vui, m ghinh. Ngh nh th, k y c th u su, than khc v m ngc chon phi tr nn in di. l l do ngoi ti c th a n s

hong s v lo bun.



V kht s hi: Th Tn, c th c l do ngoi ti a n s khnghong s v lo bun hay khng?

Bt dy:

C th. Gi s c k khng nhn thc v ni nh sau: y l thnng, y l th gii, y l ta, ta s tn ti mi v sau. Ri ngi ygp Bt hay mt ngi hay hc tr ca Bt c thng minh tr tuthuyt php cho nghe v s x ly cc kin chp v thn, v ng, vng s, v s bung b ng mn trin s v lu hoc, k y s nghrng: Thi th l ht, ta phi bung b tt c, ta khng phi l th gii,l ta, l thn ng, ta s khng tn ti mi mi v sau, sau khi cht ta shon ton on dit, khng cn g na m thng, m vui, m ghi nh. Ngi y s khng u su than khc v khng m ngccho n phi tr nn in di. l l do ngoi ti a n khnghong s v lo bun.

Lc by gi, v kht s m li khen ngi c Th Tn, tip nhnnhng li ca Bt ri im lng.

Bt hi:Cc v kht s! Cc v c nhn thc v nm un v v ci ta nh mtci g thng tr, khng bin dch v khng hoi dit hay khng?

Bch Th Tn, khng.

C mt ci g m ta tip nhn v nm bt vi s tham i m likhng gy ra lo lng, mt nhc, than khc, kh au v tuyt vng haykhng?

Bch Th Tn, khng.

Qu v c thy ch ta no cho mt ng kin m khng em li lolng, mt nhc, than khc, kh au v tuyt vng hay khng?

Bch Th Tn, khng.

Hay lm! V c nim v ta cho nn c nim v ca ta, nu khngc nim v ta th s khng c nim v ca ta. Ta v ca ta u l



nhng nim khng th nm bt c, khng th thit lp c .Nhng nhn thc sai lm y nu pht sinh trong tm ta s kt thnhnhng trin s. Nhng trin s y c pht t nhng khi nimkhng nm bt c m cng khng thnh lp c. Phi chng ci hon ton ch l nhng nhn thc sai lm v nhng hu qu ni

di ca nhng nhn thc sai lm y, nh trong trng hp kht sArittha xa kia lm ngh hun luyn chim ng?

Cc v kht s p: ng nh th, tha c Th Tn. hon tonch l nhng nhn thc sai lm v nhng hu qu ni di ca nhngnhn thc sai lm y, nh trong trng hp kht s Arittha xa kialm ngh hun luyn chim ng.

Bt dy: Nu qu su i tng (sc, th, tng, hnh, thc v thgii) y m khng thy c ci ta v ci ca ta, v kht s khng bvng vo nhng rng buc cacuc i. V khng b vng vo chonn khng hong s, khng hong s cho nn t c nit bn. V y

bit lun hi kh au chm dt, i sng phm hnh hon ttiu cn lm lm, khng cn b sanh t na, v nhn thc cchn l thc ti. Mt v kht s nh th lp c thng ho, vtc thng ho, ph c thnh quch, m tung c l kha, soic vo gng thnh tr.

Th no l lp c thng ho? Ngha l v y bit ht v thy rbn cht ca v minh; v minh b nh tn gcr v ph cho tan ntnn khng cn pht sinh c na.

Th no l vt c thng ho? Ngha l v y bit ht v thy rbn cht ca hu v i; hu v i b nh tn gc r v pht cho tannt nn khng cn pht sinh c na.

Th no l ph cho tan thnh quch? Ngha l v y bit ht vthy r bn cht ca sinh t lun hi; sinh t lun hi b nh tngc r v ph cho tan nt nn khng cn pht sinh c na.



Th no l m tung l kha? Ngha l v y bit ht v thy r bncht ca nm th n s; n s b nh tn gc r v ph cho tannt nn khng cn pht sinh c na.

Th no l soi c vo gng thnh tr? Ngha l v y bit ht

v thy r bn cht ca ng mn; ng mn b nh tn gc r v phcho tan nt nn khng cn pht sinh c na.

Cc v kht s! l trng hp ca Nh Lai v ca cc v kht s gii thot. Vua tri Thch, Sinh Ch, Phm Thinv quyn thucca h d c i tm kim cng khng th no thy c du tch y cca tm thc Nh Lai. Ti thng ni: Nh Lai l trng thi cao qu.Nh Lai l trng thi mt m. Nh Lai l trng thi khng nng bc.Nh Lai l trng thi khng cn s khc than. V nghe ti ging dynh th nn nhiu v Sa mn v phm hnh vu bng ti l vngngn, l khng chn tht. H ni: Sa mn Gotama ch trng thuyth v v tuyn dng ch ngha hoi dit; trong khi chng sanh lnhng thc th c tht. Nhng iu h ni, Nh Lai c bao gi chtrng u. Nh Lai thc s ch ni php dit kh em n trngthi v u. Nu c ai ti mng nhic, khiu khch, ph bng, nhp, Nh Lai cng khng gin di, khng ght b cng khng c tr th. Nu c k ti la mng, ph bng v nh p Nh Lai th NhLai s phn ng ra sao? Nh Lai s ngh rng: Nu c ngi ti cungknh, cng dng, l bi v tn trng Nh Lai th khng phi v thm Nh Lai mng r. Nh Lai ch ngh rng ngi y n v thnhqu ca s t ng v ca s chuyn ha ni Nh Lai m thi.

Cc v kht s! Nu ngi ta ti mng nhic, khiu khch, ph bng,nh p cc v, hoc ti cung knh cng dng, l bi v tn trngqu v, th qu v cng khng nn v th m mng r hoc pht tmgin d mun tr th li h. V sao? V xt ra th khng c ci ta mcng khng c ci ca ta. V nh by gi y, ti bn ngoi khuvn ny, c ngi em tom gp cnh kh v c kh em v t vs dng, th chng ta c nn ngh l chng ta ang b ngi ta em

t v s dng khng?



Bch Th Tn, khng.

Cng nh th ! Nu ngi ta c ti khen ngi, cung knh v cngdng hoc ch bai, mng nhic v ph bng th chng ta cng khngnn ly lm mng hoc lm gin. Ti sao th! Ti v ci ta

khng c m ci ca ta cng khng. Chnh php c ti trnh byy , khng c khuyt im v c truyn b rng ri tronghai gii ngi v tri. Nu c chnh tr m hiu thu c th hiulc ca chnh php y s v cng. Nu khi mng chung m chuynha c nm n s th trong i k tip s t c nit bn, voc a v khng thoi chuyn v khng cn tr li lun hi sinh t.Nu khi mng chung m chuyn ha c ba kit s l tham, sn v

si th ch cn sinh ra thm mt ln trong ci tri hay ci ngi ricng ti c bin gii ca gii thot. Nu khi mng chung m cqu Tu Hon th khng cn ri vo c php, nht nh i vhng chnh gic, sau by ln sinh li trong hai ci tri v ngi ths ti c bin gii ca gii thot. Nu khi mng chung m clng tin hiu ni gio php th u s sinh ln nhng ci lnh v stip tc i trn con ng hng v no thnh. Bt ni nh th.

Cc v kht s nghe Bt ni xong, hoan h phng hnh.


13/4513 | i k inh

i kinh

Kinh ny ni v thi cn trng v s kho lo cn c trong khi hchi v hnh tr gio php ca Bt. Hai v d hay c em ra lm phng tin ging dy: l v d con rn v v d chic b.

Kinh ni ting mt phn cng v hai v d y. Nghe kinh v hc higio php ta phi cn thn v khn kho ng hiu lm Bt.Hiu lm nh th va oan cho Bt, va c hi cho ta v cho nhng kkhc. Hc hi kinh gio l em ra thc tp ch khng phi llun khoe khoang. Nhng gio l nh v ng v nit bn l nhnggio l rt su sc v mu nhim khng d g hiu ni, nu ta khngem ht tm v s thnh khn ra hc hi.Ngi ng thi ca

Bt hiu lm Bt nh m chnh nhiu t ca Bt, ngay trongthi Bt ti th, cng hiu lm gio l ca Bt, ng ni g nnhng ngi sng trong thi i chng ta, v c chng ta na. Phihiu gio l ca Bt nh mt con ng, nh mt chic b qua sngm khng nh mt ch thuyt trit hc.

Nguyn do ni kinh

Bt ni kinh ny sau khi mt v t ca Bt tn Arittha (A L S)hiu lm gio l ca Bt. Kht s Arittha tng ni vi cc bn rngtheo s hiu bit ca thyv li Bt dy th hng th dc lc khngphi l chng ngi cho s tu tp. Sau khi ch cho thy Aritthathy rng thy hiu lm mnh. Bt dy thy v cc thy c mthm y kinh Ngi Bt Rn.

Tn kinh

Trong tng kinh Nam truyn ghi chp bng ting Pali, kinh ny c tnl Kinh V D Rn (Alagaddpamasutta). l kinh s 22 trongTrung b (Majjhima Nikaya) k hiu l M.22. Trong tng kinh Bctruyn ghi chp bng ch hn, kinh ny c tn l kinh A L S. l

kinh s 220 thuc b Trung A Hm. Trung A Hm l kinh s 26 catng kinh i Chnh, k hiu l D.C.26. Kinh ny do thy Gautama


14/4514 | S h i u lm ca t hy Ar i t t ha

Sanghadeva i ng Tn dch t ch Phn ra ch Hn vo khongnm 397-398.

S hiu lm ca thy Arittha

Thy Arittha ni: Theo s hiu bit ca ti v iu Btdy, hngth dc lc khng phi l chng ngi cho s tu tp. Ta hy t livi cu hi: Ti sao ai cng bit Bt dy rng dc lc em ti khau v rng buc m thy Arittha li ni hng th dc lc khngphi l chng ngi cho s tu tp? C phi ti thy thiu tr tu nni khng thy c hoc khng hiu c mt gio l cn bn vn gin nh gio l dc lc gy nn kh au v rng buc, hay ti

thy c thy v c hiu nhng li c tnh mun xuyn tc hoc munch trng mt iu tri ngcvi iu Bt dy?

Thy Arittha l ai? Trc khi xut gia, thy lm ngh hun luynchim ng. Thy tu hc trong tng on a phng Chabbaggiya,c l khng xa th Sravasti (X V) l my. c kinh Arittha sutta(Samyutta V.314-315), ta thy Bt hi cc thy trong nhm xem cc

thy c thc tp hi th chnh nim khng. Thy Arittha tr li Btrng thy c thc tp, v thy trnh by cho Bt nghe cch thy thctp. Bt khng ch thy, nhng Bt ging dy t tng cho ccthy cch thc thc tp th no cho nh tm ln mnh.

c lut Nam truyn, ta thy thy Arittha, sau khi c cc thy khckhuyn co ba ln m khng chu b quan im ca mnh, b tngon Chabbaggiya kt ti ba dt (Pacittaya) v khp vo k lut

bit tr (Ukkepaniyakamma) (Vinaya II,25-8). Ta cng thy trong thigian thy Arittha b bit tr, c mt s thy bt chp, c gn githy Arittha v v vy cc thy ny cng b tng on khp lun voti bit tr (Vinaya IV,135). S c Thullanand, v thn cn vi thyArittha sau thi gian thy b bit tr cng b Bt nhc nh (VinayaIV,137).

c nhng ti liu ny v c kinh Ngi Bt Rn, ta c cm tngthy Arittha tuy c hi cng u nhng khng phi l ngi qu



thiu thng minh v thy l mt ngi m kin cng nh nhn cchc th nh hng ti cc thy v cc s c khc. V vy ta nn bnhtm xem xt c th thy c nguyn do s hiu lm ca thyArittha. Theo ti thy th nguyn do s hiu lm ny nm ch thyArittha nhm ln an lc vi dc lc. Bt dy s an lc nui dng ta

v dc lc lm ta kh. C nhng ngi ngh rng tu th phi khhnh v khng nn hng s dc lc, d l s an lc ny kh ng cchng ngi g cho s tu tp. Ngi hng gi mt, ngm mt cnh mttri ln, tm trong mt dng sui nc nng, thng thc mt btnc trong khi c cn kht, vn vn l nhng nim vui khng emti kh au v rng buc, nht l trong khi thng thc nhng nimvui y, ta c thc sng t l vn vt v thng. Bt thng

chng t l ngi c kh nng thng thc nhng nim vui nh th.Khi c vua Mahanama nc Kaoilavastu cng dng cm ngon,Bt bit l cm ny ngon. Khi ng trn i vi thy Ananda, nhnxung thy nhng cnh ng la vng, Bt ch cho thy thy ci pca cnh vt. Khi tro ln ni Thu hoc i ngang thnh Vasali, Btni vi thy Ananda ni Thu p, phi khng Ananda? ThnhVasali p, phi khng Ananda? Nhng chi tit y trong cc kinhin cho ta thy khng bao gi Bt t chi s an lc v cho s an lcl mt chng ngi cho s tu tp. Nim vui v nhng hnh phc lnhmnh y, tri li, c th nui dng sc khe ca thn th v tm hn gip ta i xa trn con ng tu tp, vi iu kin l ta c thcrng vn vt u v thng: cn gi mt, cnh mt tri ln, ni Thuv thnh Vasali u l nhng php ang i thay. Bt sng nh thv Bt cng ni nh th. Nhng Bt cng ni l nm th dc lc (tin

bc, sc dc, danh vng, n ngon v ng nhiu) l nhng chng ngicho s tu tp. Mi m ng nm gi ng h, m ng tht ngon, thkhng c hi g cho s tu tp ht, tri li nu ta ng ngon th s hchi gio l v cng phu thin tp ca ta s thnh cng hn. Tuy nhin, gn ht th gi trong ngy m ng th l mt chng ngi. Anlc tr thnh dc lc. n mt ba cm thanh m nhng ngon lnh

v b dng, n tht chm, tht c chnh nim, tip xc su sc vithc n, c hnh phc trong khi n, iu ny khng c hi g cho stu tp. Tri li nu c b m nh bi thc n ngon, ra tht nhiu th



gi m tm cu mn n ngon th li l mt chng ngi. An lc trthnh dc lc. i vi ba th dc lc cn li, ai cng thy rng nuvng vo chng chc chn l s c nhiu chng ngi trn ng tutp. C l thy Arittha khng phn bit c ranh gii gia an lcv dc lc, v thy cng ch mi a ra kin rng c nhiu th vui

khng c hi g cho s tu tp thi, ch thy cha t thn phm vocc gii nng nh gii dm dc chng hn, bi v nu thy phmvo gii ny th tng on khp thy vo ti ba la di (parajika) riv thy b tn xut, u ch b khp vo k lut bit tr m thi?

Thy Arittha chc hn tng nghe Bt ni v ci v ch ca s thctp kh hnh v hnh xc. Con ng kh hnh khng phi l con

ng em ti gii thot, hnh h cc xc thn ch c th em n sma dit sc thn ng thi lm yu i tinh lc v thn lc cn thitcho s t o. Bt tng th nghim phng php kh hnh, thy s sai lm ca phng php ny v t b n. Bt cngkhuyn mn trnh con ng cc oan ny. Bt dy nn bo vthn th, n ung bnh thng v l do ny m thy Arittha chtrng chng li tinh thn chung khc kh ca cc thy khc.

Cc thy Chabbaggiya cha thuyt phc c thy Arittha b tkin ca thy. C th l v cc thy cha phn tch v ging gii ccho thy Arittha r v s khc bit gia an lc v dc lc m ch dnglut l v gio iu buc thy tb kin ca thy m thi. Cngv vy m tuy b khp vo ti ba dt , thy vn cha thc s tngphc. Mt s thy khc v cng cha tng phc nn c thn cn

vi thy Arittha trong thi gian thy ny b bit tr, v do cc thyny cng b x ti bit tr lun. S c Thullananda cng vy. S d c c thn cn thy sau thi gian thy b bit tr v s c cng chac gii thch cho hp l v tng tn ti sao thy Arittha li b khpvo bit tr. C l cng v thi ca cc v m mt s v trongtng on Chabbaggiya phi ln tn tu vin Cp C c tngtrnh vi Bt v s kin xy ra. Rt tic l kinh Ngi Bt Rn

khng ghi chp c nhng kin ca thy Arittha a ra, ngoi kin dc lc khng phi l chng ngi cho s tu tp.


17/4517 | T a i h a c a d c l c

Tai ha ca dc lc

Kinh ch lp li nhng tai ha do s hnh lc gy nn, nhng iuny c ni rt nhiu ln nhiu ni khc. Dc lc l khc xngtrn khng cn dnh tht, ling cho mt con ch i khng lm cho

con ch bt i. Con ngi khng t ti hnh phc v s mn bng nhng phng tin dc lc c. Dc lc l ming tht sng mcon chim cp trong m n, nu n khng chu bung ming tht ra khic mt con chim ln hn ti tranh ginh th c th mt mng. Dc lcv vy c th git ngi. Dc lc l b uc rm cm ngc gi, c thlm chy phng tay. Dc lc l h than hng m k khc v li komnh i theo c th y mnh vo cho cht chy. Dc lc l con rn

c, nguy him khng chng. Dc lc l mt gic mng, ngn ngi vkhng tht. Dc lc l vay mn, khng phi chn tht ca mnh. Dclc l cy sai tri, b ngi ta ti vn cnh hi qu lm cho tan hoangcnh l. Trong tng bn Pali cn c hai v d na: Dc lc nh mtng ao thng c th m lng tht da, v Dc lc nh mt l stsinh v l ni c th lm ta mt mng.

Dc lc l tai ha, l chng ngi cho s tu tp, iu ny, cc thy aicng bit. Vng vo dc lc l mt ht t do. y l iu Bt dy.Cng v vy nn ngi tu tp phi hnh tr gii lut t bo vmnh, ng ri vo nhng chic by ca dc lc. iu cn phi ni y l dc lc khng phi l an lc. Dc lc c hi nhng an lc licn thit cho s tu tp v cho sc khe th cht v tinh thn ca ngihnh o. Dc lc gy kh au v vng mc, trong hin ti cng

nh trong tng lai, cho mnh v cho ngi. An lc khng gy aukh v vng mc, trong hin ti cng nh trong tng lai cho chnhmnh v cho ngi. Ngi tu phi c kh nng an lc. Nit bn ltrng thi an lc cao nht m ngi tu c th t ti. Trong kinhNgi Bt Rn, Bt ni rng Nh Lai l trng thi cao qu, l trngthi mt m, l trng thi khng nng bc, l trng thi khng cn skhc than l trng thi ca Nit bn.


18/4518 | C i n g u y c a s h i u l m g i o l

Ci nguy ca s hiu lm gio l

ThyArittha chc hn nghe Bt ni ti an lc, nhng chc thy chaphn bit c ranh gii gia an lc v dc lc. S hiu lm ny cnhin l s hiu lm ca thy. Nhng ta khng nn ngh rng thy l

ngi duy nht hiu lm li dy ca Bt v vn dc lc l tai ha.Chc chn l c mt s cc thy lm ln dc lc vi an lc, v shi c an lc. Chnh trong thi i chng ta m cng c nhng ngiPht t c thi s hi i vi an lc. H khng dm thng thcnhng g p v mu nhim ca chic nng v bt rn pha u, rn ng quay li cn mnh. y l mt v d tht c o: Cngging nh ngi ta bt rn min hoang d, thy rn ln lin ly tay

chp vo mnh n cho nn b rn quay u li m vo tay, vo chnhoc vo mt b phnkhc ca c th. Bt rn nh vy th khng cch li g m li mang ha vo thn. L do l ti ngi y khng bitth thut bt rn. Ngi hc kinh khng thng minh ch trngngc li v do i qu v b Bt chnh l.

Bt dy: Nhng gio php ti ni, cc thy phi tm hiu ngha l

mt cch tng tn v ng mc ri mi em ra hnh tr. Nu chatm hiu c ngha l mt cch tng tn v ng mc th trc htnn hi li chnh ti hoc hi li cc bc tr gi v cc bc phm hnh. Cc bc tr gi ni y tc l cc bc c chng c ch khngphi ch l nhng ngi c nhiu kin thc. Cc bc phm hnh lnhng ngi ang sng trong sch v gng mu ch khng hn lnhng ngi ang sng kht khe v kh hnh v phng din hnh

thc.C hai nguyn do khin ngi ta hiu ngc kinh: Mt l thiu trtu v kho lo, hai l hc kinh ch v mc ch tranh lun v tm cudanh li. C nhng ngi thiu tr tu, v c nhn thc sai lc v vnv v ngha, hiu ngc nhng iu cp n trong cc th tikinh in nh chnh kinh, ca vnh, k thuyt, k tng, nhn duyn,son lc, bn khi, th thuyt sinh x, qung gii, v tng hu php

v thuyt ngh. Nhng ngi y hc vi ch ch tranh lun hnthua m khng hc v mc ch tu tp gii thot nn b kt vo s


19/4519 | B t r n

vic m khng tip nhn c chn ngha ca kinh. (Nguyn vnch Hn: tri th php bt c th ngha c ngha l: kt vo s mnh mt l).

Nhng ngi hc kinh vi ch ch tranh lun hn thua c nhin l

ng trch, bi v h khng nhm n mc ch tu tp gii thot.Nhng khng phi v th m tt c nhng ngi no hc kinh vimc ch tu tp gii thot u l nhng ngi i ng ng. D c hng tt, h cng phi c tr tu v s kho lo th mi khng hiungc kinh. Nu khng th h cng tri qua nhiu cc kh mkhng c ch li g, rt cng l ch thm mt mi. Bt ni: Ngicon trai hay con gi nh lnh khi hc hi kinh in phi kho lo tip

nhn vn kinh v ngha kinh mt cch khng oln th mi nm btc chnh php. H khng hc hi vi mc ch ba hoa tranh cim ch vi mc ch tm cu gii thot. H khng tri qua nhng cckh v nhc nhn.

Kho lo tip nhn vn kinh v ngha kinh mt cch khng o ln,l cha kha cas hc hi chnh php. l dch t nhm ch btin o thin th gii ngha cp vn. Bt in o l khng o ln.Thin l kho lo. Th l tip nhn. S kho lo thng i i vi sthng minh, ngha l vi tr tu. Hc hi gio l th phi kho lo vphi thng minh. Nu khng th s hiu ngc li Bt dy.

Bt rn

Ti y Bt a ra v d bt rn. Ngi bt rn thng minh v kho

lo lun dng mt chic nng v bt rn pha u, rn ngquay li cn mnh. y l mt v d tht c o: Cng ging nhngi i bt rn min hoang d, thy rn ln lin ly tay chp vomnh n cho nn b rn quay u li m vo tay, vo chn hoc vomt b phn khc ca c th. Bt rn nh th khng c ch li g mli mang ha vo thn. L do l ti ngi y khng bit th thut btrn. Ngi hc kinh khng thng minh cng vy: v khng bit cchhc hi nn hiu ngha mt cch tri ngc. Nhng k khn ngoans bit kho lo tip nhn vn kinh v ngha kinh, do khng c


20/4520 | Chi c b

nhng kin gii o ln. Hkhng hc v mc ch khoe khoang vtranh ci. H hc vi mc ch tm ng gii thot, v vy h khngh cc kh v lao nhc. H cng ging nh ngi i bt rn m bits dng mt khc cy c nng st: khi i n vng hoang d, thyrn ln, h n nng ngay xung c rn v ly tay bt ngay u rn.

Rn kia tuy c th quy ui, qun tay, qun chn hoc mt b phnkhc ca c th ngi bt rn, nhng khng th no m ngi yc. Bt rn nh vy khng cc kh m cng khng lao nhc, ch vngi y bit r th thut bt rn.

t ai em rn v d cho gio l hoc ch thuyt ca mnh c thnguy him nu nhn thc khng nghim tc v thc hnh khng

chnh xc. Bt khng bao gi ni rng gio l ca ngi l mt chthuyt. Gio l ca ngi ch l mt phng tin hng dn thc tp.Phi c thng minh v kho lo mi s dng c gio l y. Nukhng, gio l y cng c th tr thnh nguy him v c hi. C lcBt c miu t nh mt lng y v gio l ca Bt nh lngdc. Thuc men nu dng cho ng th s cha c bnh tt, nukhng th cng c th nguy him cho tnh mng ca bnh nhn. Hiu

lm v hnh lm gio l ca Bt l iu xy ra trong thi i Bt. Titu vin Trng Cc trong rng i Lm gn thnh ph Vesali chnghn, trong mt ma an c c my thy t t v nghe Bt gingv v thng, v ng v bt nh. Nghe trc tip m cn hiu lm,hung h nghe gin tip, v li nghe theo kiu ba chp ba nhong,thiu thng minh, kho lo v cn trng.

Chic b

V d bt rn c th din t c him nguy ca ci hc thiu thngminh v kho lo. Nhng trong kinh Ngi Bt Rn cn c mt v dti tnh na l v d chic b. V d chic b din t c s vngmc ca ci hc thiu thng minh v kho lo.

Cc v kht s, ti nhiu ln ni vi qu v v chic b v cn dnqu v phi bit bung b chic b m ng nm gi n k qu. V dc mt hm nc trn ni trn v thnh dng ln ngp lt v tri git


21/4521 | Chi c b

nhiu th. C k mun qua bn kia b m khng c thuyn cngkhng c cu. Ngi y ngh: ta c vic cn phi qua bn kia, nhngphi tm phng th an n m qua. Ngh nh vy ri lin i lmcy c kt li thnh mt chic b v dng b vt dng sang b

bn kia mt cch an n. Qua bn kia ri ngi y ngh: Ta mt baonhiu cng phu v th gi mi kt c mt chic b v nh n mmi qua c bn ny. Vy ta khng nn b n. By gi ta phikhing n ln vai hoc i n ln u m i. Ngi y ni ri lmnh th. Cc v kht s! Cc v ngh ngi y lm nh th c ch li gkhng? Cc v kht s p: Bch c Th Tn, khng. Bt ni: Kkia lm th no chic b y tip tc c ch? ng ta nn ngh rng:Chic b ny gip ta vt dng sng qua y an n, vy ta nn

th chic b li xung nc hoc n bn b, nh vy ngi n saus c c c hi dng n. Ny cc v kht s, ngh v lm nh th thc ch li khng? Cc v kht s p: Bch c Th Tn, c. Btdy: Ti nhiu ln ni vi qu v v v d chic b l v th. Phpm cn phi bung b, hung h l ci khng phi Php.

Php m cn phi bung b, hung h l ci khng phi Php l

mt li tuyn b v i, ging nh ting gm ca mt con s t ln.Li tuyn b ny c ly li nguyn vn trong kinh Kim CngGm Bu Cht t Phin No. y l mt ting ht c kh nnggip hnh gi ngn i bung b thi c chp ca mnh. Bt l vthin s ca tt c cc v thin s li lc nht. Ting ht ca thin sLm T ch l m hng ca li tuyn b ny ca Bt, vn thc s lting gm s t ln. Bt dy V thng, V ng, Khng v Nit Bn

khng phi l nhng ch thuyt m ch l nhng phng tin gip tathc tp. Tip nhn nhng gio l y nh nhng ch thuyt tc l bkt. C bit bao nhiu ngi, trong thi Bt v trong thi chng ta, v ang hc Bt nh mt ch thuyt ch tha mn tr nng, mt ho l mnh thng hiu gio l v m h lun. H lun ngha lm lun cho vui, nh mt tr gii tr. Php m lm sng tng li t hc th mi thc s l Php m. Nu khng c th ch l

h m, v mi trng trong ngi ta h m khng cn l mto trng na m s tr nn mt h trng.


22/4522 | Chi c b

Gio php c tip nhn sai lm khng phi l gio php ch thc,v vy kinh gi nhng gio php y l phi php (khng phi l giophp). Gio php ch thc th c th s dng nh chic b quasng, cn phi php th khng phi l chic b v v th khng c ccng dng ca chic b. Kt vo chnh php m cn khng nn,

hung g kt vo phi php. Khng th s dng cc phi php lmchic b sang sng. Ngi qua c bn kia sng l ngi bit sdng chnh php. Ngi y cn c khuyn l khng nn b kt vochnh php, hung l nhng ngi cn ln n bn b ny ca dngsng. Kinh dy rng n chnh php m cn bung b hung l phiphp. l ngha ca v d chic b. Nu chng ta cn ni: Vng,gio php phi c bung b, nhng khng th bung b gio php

trc khi vt sang b bn kia, th ta vn cn cha hiu li Bt dy.Gio php m cn lm cho ta b kt, th cha phi l chnh php chthc. im quan yu ta cn phi nhn thy l, khi mun sang sng,nu ta cn b kt vo nhng iu ta hc th l ta cha thc s hiuc nhng iu y, v ta b rn cn. V c th chng ta cngkhng thc s mun sang sng, chng ta ch mun ni chuyn v ssang sng. y l s hc hi sai lc v gio php.

Nhng o l v thng, khng v v ng u nhm ti s giiphng con ngi khi s vng mc v kh au. Nu hc hi v thctp nhng o l y m con ngi khng thot khi s vng mc vkh au th c ngha l ngi hc tp khng nm c vn vngha chn tht (l) ca kinh in v b kt vo hnh thc (s) cakinh in. V d chic b l ni chuyn b kt ny. Thay v s dng

chic b a mnh v a ngi sang sng th mnh li i chicb ln m i. Nu chic b khng lm c phn s ch ngi ca nth gio php b hiu nhm l ch thuyt cng khng gii phng ccon ngi ra khi kh au v vng mc. Nit bn l s vt thottt c nhng vng mc, trc ht l s vng mc vo nhng nim, trong c nim v thng, khng, v ng v nit bn, vsau l nhng phin no v kh au gy nn bi nhng nhn thc

sai lm cn c vo cc nim. Trong kinh i Bo Tch, Bt ni: Thrng b kt vo nim c cn hn b kt vo nim khng. B kt vo


23/4523 | Ng n t ay ch mt t rng

nhim khng c th kh m c th g c. Khng cng th, m vthng, v ng v nit bn hoc bt c gio l no ca Bt cng th,tt c u c a ra nh nhng phng tin chuyn ch m khngphi nh nhng phn quyt v thc ti. Nu ta khng bit s dngnhng gio l y th ta s b kt v s tr thnh n l cho nhng gio

l y. Nhng gio l y, thay v c li cho ta, tr thnh c hi. Vcmt chic b trn vai m i th ch thm nhc nhn m khng sangc bn kia b.

Ngn tay ch mt trng

Kinh Lng Nghim ni: Nu c ngi ly ngn tay tr mt trng cho

mt ngi khc thy, ngi kia phi nng vo ngn tay thyc mt trng. Nu ngi y ch nhn ngn tay v nhn lm ngntay l mt trng th khng nhng mt mt trng m mt lun c ngntay.

Kinh Lng Gi cng ni: Tt c nhng gio l dy trong kinh u lngn tay ch ln mt trng (nht thit tu a la gio nh tiu nguyt

ch). Ngn tay khng phi l mttrng. Ta khng nn lm ngn tay lmt trng, cng nh chic b khng phi l b bn kia. Gio l khngphi l bn cht ca tu gic m l hng dn cn thit t n tugic, nh bn thnh ph Paris khng phi l thnh ph Paris. ThyThi H cdng cc danh t gio l bn cht v gio l nh tng.gio l bn cht, theo thy l t thn ca tu gic, l bn thn cachn l, l ci m Bt t c di gc b . Gio l ny cha c

din t thnh khi nim ngn t. Ch t khi Bt bt u ging dy vn Lc Uyn th mi c gio l nh tng, v gio l ny bt bucphi c trnh by bng khi nim v ngn t. Gio l nh tng chl bng dng ca chn l m khng phi l chn l, cng nh bngmt cy a khng phi l cy a. Nng vo gio l nh tng, ta cc hi tip xc vi gio l bn cht; nhn vo bng mt cy a, ta cc hi tip xc vi cy a.


24/4524 | C h i m T r

Chim Tr

Trong kinh Bch D ta c thy mt chuyn ng ngn rt bun cim cng rt hay, ni v vn mc vo nim v ngn t. lchuyn chim tr. Mt chng ngu n b m. ng thy thuc ti thm

mch, bo rng chim tr c th tr bnh anh ta c. ng thy thucra v, chng ngu c lp i lp li hai ting chim tr sut ngy. Mythng qua ri m vn cha lnh bnh. C ngi bn ti thm, thychng ta c lp i lp li hai ting chim tr, ly lm l, bn hi. Anhchng thut li cu ni ca ng thy thuc. Thng hi, ngi bn ly

bt v mt con chim tr ln giy, ch cho chng ngu v bo: Chim trl ci ny ny, anh c n n ith mi lnh bnh, ch nu c lp li

mi hai ting chim tr th lm sao m lnh bnh c?

Ngi bn va i khi, chng ngu lin b t giy c hnh chim tr voming, nhai v nut. Vn cha thy lnh bnh, chng ta thu th vn v thm hng trm bctranh chim tr na nhai nut, nhngcng khng c hiu nghim g. Bnh tnh cng lc cng tng. Mthm thy thuc gh li nh. Thy tnh trng nh th, ng em lng

thng hi. ng a chng ngu ra ch, mua cho vi con chim tr, ria chng ta v nh, bo ngi nh lm tht chim tr v bt chng nngay trc mt mnh. T chng ngu khi bnh.

Mi nghe cu chuyn, chng ta ai cng c cm tng l chng ngungu qu, nhng ngh cho k th chng ta cng khng khn hn chngta bao nhiu. Chng ta thiu thng minh, thiu kho lo, li hay a lthuyt, a l lun, a khoe khoang v khng thnh khn bao nhiu

trong cng vic i tm gii thot. Nh th th chng ta cng khngkhc g anh chng kia l my. Chng ta b kt rt nhiu khi nimv danh t. Hc hi vy m hnh tr cng vy. Tp s tc, qun t

bi hay nim Bt, chng ta cng c th thc tp mt cch thiu thngminh v khn kho; v chng ta vng mc vo hnh thc thc tpcho nn tu gic khng d dng pht sinh.


25/4525 | P h c h p

Ph chp

Kinh Ngi Bt Rn khng nhm ti mc ch din by ci hi cadc lc, cng khng hn nhm mc ch ging gii cc nim v vng, nit bn v nh lai, d kinh c ni ti nhng nim y. Mc

ch chnh ca kinh l dy v tinh thn ph chp. Bt dy ta khngnn b kt vo bt c th g, d l kt vo gio php. V vy cu ni:Php m cn phi bung b hung h nhng ci khng phi Phpl tinh ty ca kinh. Tinh thn v phngphp ph chp l mt trongnhng nt c th nht ca gio l o Bt.

Ph chp l ng li hc hi khn kho v thng minh nht. Hc hil thng hiu m khng phi cha cht kin thc. Kin thc nukhng c s dng mt cch khn kho s tr thnh nhng chngngi cho s hiu bit. Kin thc ni theo danh t Pht hc l s tri.Nhng chng ngi do kin thc to nn gi l s tri chng. TingPhn Jneyavarana. l nhng thnh kin c chp. Bung b s trichng, ta c th t do vn ln hiu bit. Cng nh khi ln mtci thang, nu ta khng bung b nc thang th nm th khng th

no leo ln c nc thang th su. Cho nc thang th nm l nc caonht, l mt s tri chng.

Kinh Bch D c ni ti chuyn mt ngi cha tr, tng con traimnh cht ri, nn khng m ca cho con vo khi a con tm vnh. C s xy ra nh sau: Mt hm ng ta i vng, n cp trnvo xm, cp t nh v bt cc tr em i theo. a con trai ca anhta cng b bt. Khi v ti nh, anh ta hong ht. Thy mt ci thy tr

con cht chy trn ng tro ca ngi nh c, anh tin ngay l xccon mnh. Anh than khc, lm l ha thiu t thi v thu lm trotn b vo mt ci ti gm, i u cng em theo bn mnh. Mt mn, a con thot c tay k cp, tm v v g ca. Ngi chaang m ti tro, nc mt m a, nht nh khng chu m ca, da con bn ngoi xng tn v cho bit n l con ca anh ta. Anhta nht nh khng m ca v tin rng con mnh cht v a tr

ang g ca kia ch l mt a b nghch ngm ca hng xm. Cuicng a con phi b ra i v hai cha con vnh vin xa nhau. Bt kt


26/4526 | I m lng s m s t

lun: Nu ta b kt vo mt s tri ri v cho l chn l, th d chnl c ti g ca ta cng s khng chu m. Ta b kt.

Im lng sm st

Trong kinh Samyutta Nikaya, ta c cu chuyn ca Vacchagotta titham vn Bt. ng ta hi: Sa mn Gotama xin ngi cho bit l c nghay khng? Bt lng thinh khng p. ng ta hi vi cu na, Btcng lng thinh. Sau Vacchagotta ng dy b i.

ng ta i ri, thy Ananda hi Bt: Th Tn, trong cc bui phpthoi, Th Tn tng ging dy v o l v ng. Th th ti sao

hm nay Th Tn khng tr li nhng cu hi v ng ca du sVacchagotta? Bt ni: o l v ng m ti ging dy cho cc vkht s l mt php mn hng dn thin qun m khng phi l mtch thuyt. Hiu n nh mt ch thuyt, cc v c th b kt vo n.Du s Vacchagotta i tm mt ch thuyt ch khng phi i tm mtgio l vi mc ch thc tp. V vy ti im lng. Ti khng munVacchagotta kt vo mt ch thuyt. Nu ti ni c ng, th ti i

ngc li vi gio l ti dy. Nu ti ni l khng c ng th ng tas nu vo y lm nn mt ch thuyt. iu ny khng c li chong ta m cng khng c li cho ai c. V vy cho nn ti im lng.Ci im lng ca Bt l mt th im lng m ta c thy sau ny trongkinh Duy Ma Ct. Chng ta thng gi th im lng l im lng smst, mt th im lng hng hn v vang di, c kh nng ph v vgii phng, khng khc vi ting gm s t ln Php m cn phi

bung b, hung h nhng g khng phi Php. Ta phi hiu kinhNgi Bt Rn trong tinh thn ny. Gii th nht ca dng tu TipHin l s th hin tinh thn ph chp ny ca o Bt: Khng cth lm thn tng ca bt c mt ch ngha hoc mt l thuyt no,d l nhng ch ngha hay l thuyt Pht gio. Nhng h thnggio l trong o Bt phi c nhn thc nh nhng php mnhng dn tu tp m khng phi l nhng chn l tuyt i bo v

v th phng. Gio l m c nhn thc thnh ch thuyt thkhng cn l gio l na, v lc y ngi hc b kt.


27/4527 | V ng

Trong mt gii bn, gii khng st sanh thng c a ra hngu. Gii khng st sanh tuy vy cha phi l mt trong nhng yut c th nht ca o Bt. Trong K Na gio (Jaina) ca du s lath Ni Lin t (Nirgrantha) s thc tp v hnh thc ca gii bt stcn gt gao hn c trong o Bt. Nhng di hnh thc ph chp,

gii bt st ca o Bt vt hn trn gii bt st ca o l Jaina. Khi b kt vo mt ch thuyt hoc mt thc h ngi ta c th nhtm hy sinh hng triu nhn mng thc hin ci ch thuyt mmnh cho lm chn l tuyt i, l con ng duy nht c th em tihnh phc cho nhn loi. Cm mt cy sng trong tay, ta c th bncht mt ngi hay nm, by ngi. Nhng khi cm mt thc hhay mt ch thuyt trong tay, ta c th git hng vn ngi. Vy cho

nn gii bt st nu khng c thc hin trong tinh thn ph chpth cha phi l gii bt sthiu theo chn ngha o Bt.

V ng

Gio l v ng l mt trong nhng gio l d b hiu lm nht. Trongkinh Ngi Bt Rn, Bt cp ti gio l ny nh mt v d ta c

th thy c rng bit bao nhiu ngi hiu lm gio l ny,trong c nhng o s Ba La Mn gio. y gio l v ng c trnh by li v ln ny c trnh by trong bi cnh ca shiu lm y.

V ng c th c nh ngha mt cch tng qut v n gin lkhng c mt thc th bt bin v ng nht no nm trong ln g con

ngi hoc s vt c. Vn vt, trong c con ngi, lun lunchuyn bin, v v vy khng vt no c tnh cch thng hng hoccha ng mt ci g thng hng, ci y c tng tng l cing.

y Bt ni ti su kin x tc l su nhn thc sai lm c th lmnn tng cho nim v ng. Su kin x cn phi c bung b.X tc l lnh vc, l c s nng ta, v vy trong kinh ny, kin x(ditthi-tthana) cng c gi l kin y (ditthi-nissaya). Su x l sc,


28/4528 | V ng

th, tng, hnh, thc v th gii. Nm x u l nm un. Ta hynghe Bt dy:

Sc thn, d thuc v qu kh, v lai hay hin ti, d bn trong haybn ngoi, d vi t hay th s, d p hay xu, d xa hay gn, sc

thn y cng khng phi l ca ta, l ta, cng khng phi l thn ng.V kht s phi bit qun chiu thy c s tht v sc thn. Stht v sc thn l tnh cch v ng ca n. Sc thn l thn th, lsinh l, l phn ta gi l vt cht. Vt cht nh mt hp th hay l mtt bo, mt nguyn t hay mt in t, mt cht v c hoc hu c,gn hoc xa, trong hoc ngoi, xu hoc p, trong qu kh v laihoc trong hin ti Vt cht l v ng. V ng y c din t

bng ba cch: khng phi l ca ta, khng phi l ta, v khng phi lthn ng. y l phm tr ng chp:

1. Thn th ny l ca ta: thn th ny khng phi l ci ta nhng lmt s hu ca ci ta. Thn th ny l mt ci g bit lp ngoici ta. N khng phi ng m ch l ng s (this body is mine)

2. Thn th ny l ta: thn th ny chnh l cita. Thn th vi ci tal mt (this body is me).

3. Thn th ny l thn ng: Thn th ny chnh l thn ng (atman).Thn ng tc l mt nguyn l thn linh, bn cht ca v tr, cmt trong tt c mi loi v mi vt, thn th ny khng phi lvt s hu ca mt ci ta ring bit, khng phi l mt ci taring bit, m l bn cht thn linh ca tt c v tr (this body is

the Self).

Trong thi i Bt, c nhiu ch trng v ng. Kinh in V (Veda) v o ngha th (Upanishads) cp ti ng nhiu cch.Trong truyn thng c ca B La Mn gio, ta thy mt th tnngng tng t nh phim thn gio (pantheism), theo ci nhn yth u cng c thn linh, v Phm thin (Brahman) l yu t vnhcu v tuyt i lm bn cht v nguyn y ca vn vt trong v tr,Brahman c khi c din t nh mt i ng (mahatman) hay mtchn ng (paratman). Trong mi loi v mi ngi u c tia sng ca


29/4529 | V ng

i ng y m ta c th gi l ng hay tiu ng, cng cng mt bncht tuyt i vnh cu, khng h chu lut thay i v sinh dit. Giithot l khi tiu ng tr v ha hp vi i ng. l nim tngqut. Trong kinh in V v o ngha th cn c rt nhiu nimkhc v thn ng, nhiu kh v rc ri. Kinh Phm Vng phn nh

li mt s ch trng vng nh th. Thn th ny khng phi lthn ng, l li tuyn b ca Bt trong bi cnh tn ngng B LaMn gio.

Thn th khng phi l ca ta, l ta, l thn ng. Cm th cng khngphi l ca ta, l ta, l thn ng. Tri gic, tm hnh v nhn thc cngth. Mi un nh th m nm un gp chung li cng nh th.

Chng ta hy nghe Bt ni v tnh cch v ng ca nhn thc, tc lun th nm:

Nhng g ta thy, nghe, hay, bit, nm bt, nhng g ta quan st vt nim, trong thi gian ny hay trong thi gian khc, nhng th yu khng phi l ca ta, u khng phi l ta, u khng phi lthn ng.

Sau , Bt ni v kin x th su l kin x v th gii: C k quannim rng th gii l thn ng, thn ng l th gii, th gii l ta, ta stn ti khng bin dch sau khi cht, ta l ci vnh vin khng mndit. Ta nn qun chiu thy rng th gii khng phi l ca ta,khng phi l ta, khng phi l thn ng. Qun chiu thy c stht v th gii.

Trong on kinh va hc, ta thy r rng Bt cp n tnngng B La Mn gio v thn ng, mt yu t vnh cu khng mndit lm bn cht cho v tr. Trong kinh Phm Vng(Brahmajalasutta). Bt ni: C nhng nh tu kh hnh v nhng os Ba La Mn ch trng thuyt thng ti, tuyn b rng thn ng vth gii l mt, thng hng v bt bin. (Sassatavd sassatamattanca lokanca pannapenti).

Thng thng Bt ch cn ni ti nm x tc nm un l . Bi vtheo Pht hc, th gii, x th su, cng nm trong phm vi nm un.


30/4530 | K i n y

Th gii l i tng ca tm thc. i tng ca thc l php, hocphp trn. M php chnh l th gii. S d Bt phi thm vo x thsu l c dp ni cho tng tn v kin chp ng thi ni thnng.

Bn tng bn ting Pali ta c so loko soatto dch y l th gii,y l thn ng. Mnh ny ch c th c hiu l th gii lthn ng, thn ng l th gii. Trong kinh V Ng Tng(Anattalakkhanasutta), kinh th hai m Bt dy cho nm v kht s vn Nai, Bt cn ni rng v khng c ng cho nn nm un khngthng ti v khng c ch quyn, nu c ng th th no cng c sthng ti v cng c ch quyn. Nm un ca ta c mun thng ti

phi vnh cu v tt p nh ta cng mun khng c. l mtchng minh cho o l vng. Kinh Ng Tng ni:

Ny cc v kht s! Sc thn khng phi l ng. Nu sc thn l ngth sc thn khng a ti phin no v ta s c th ra lnh cho scthn: sc thn phi c nh th ny, sc thn khng c nh thkia. Nhng sc thn l v ng cho nn n a ti phin no v khngai c th ra lnh cho sc thn: sc thn phi c nh th ny, scthn khng c nh th kia i vi cc un khc l th, tng,hnh v thc cng th.

on kinh ny c nh ngha ng nh mt ch quyn tuyt i. Vch quyn y khng c mt ni nm un khc nn ta bit l ngkhng c mt ni nm un.

Kin y

cho yn tm, ng s hi h v v on dit, con ngi c bmvu vo mt nim v ng. l nhu yu thng tc v ph bin cacon ngi. Con ngi, d l nhng con ngi bn rn nht, cngkhng trnh c nhng giy pht suy t v s c mt ca mnh trnth gii v trong cuc i. Con ngi c th ngh n ci cht ca

mnh, ci cht bt thnh lnh hay ci cht trong mai hu, ri khng bitrng mnh s i u, hoc gi mnh s tr thnh h v. Con ngi rt


31/4531 | K i n y

s h v, v con ngi c khuynh hng bm vu vo s tin tngni mt thn ng thng hng v bt dit, t trn tnh mnh. Ckhi con ngi li i tm nhng l do bin h cho s cmt cang. Ti t duy tc l c ti (Je pense done je suis), cu ni y catrit gia Descartes chng minh cho nhu yu mun thu y ca

con ngi.

Vy th con ngi c khuynh hng bm vu v tin tng vo mt cing. Ci ng y, ngi ta phi ng nht vi mt ci g, hoc l thnth, hoc l cm th, hoc l tri gic, hoc l tm hnh, hoc l nhnthc, hoc l th gii. Tin rng th gii s mi mi cn , th gii lthn ng, ta l th gii, ta cn mi vi thi gian l mt hnh thc

bm vu vo ng. Theo o Bt, tt c u v thng. Nm un cngnh vy m th gii cng vy. i tm ch da cho mt ci ng thngti l mt vic lm khng tng, ging nh xy mt ta lu i bngct. Nhng ta lu i s sp , chng hay mun, v cui cngngi ta cng ch chuc ly s lo lng, mt nhc, than khc, kh auv tuyt vng m thi. Chng ta hy c on ny trong kinh NgiBt Rn thy c nhc im y:

- Cc v kht s! Cc v c nhn thc v nm un v v ci ta nh mtci g thng tr, khng bin dch v khng hoi dit khng?

- Bch c Th Tn, khng.- C mt ci g m ta tip nhn v nm bt vi s tham i m khng gy

ra lo lng, mt nhc, than khc, kh au v tuyt vng hay khng?

- Bch c Th Tn, khng.- Qu v c thy ch ta no cho mt ng kin m khng em li lo lng,

mt nhc, than khc, kh au v tuyt vng khng?

- Bch c Th Tn, khng.Ch ta cho mt ng kin tc l kin y. Cn kin y th cn c ni s

hi, kh au v tht vng. Chi bng ta hy bung b mi kin y. Tintng vo mt ci ng thng ti l iu bp bnh v nguy him. Mt


32/4532 | K i n y

ngy kia, v mt l do no m mt c tin y, ta s ri vo hhoang mang v tuyt vng. T kin chp thng ti, ta i sang hthm ca kin chp on dit v ta s kh au v hoang mang khngcng. y l on kinh vn ni v s nguy khn :

Nghe n y mt v kht s ng dy, trt vai o bn phi ra, chptay hng v Bt bch:

- Th Tn, c th v l do ni ti m c s hong s lo bun hay khng?Bt dy:

- C th. Nu c k nhn thc v ni nh sau: Ci y ngy xa vnkhng c, ri tr nn c, m by gi ti li khng c. Nhn thc nh

th v ni nh th th k y c th u su, than khc v m ngc cho

n phi tr nn in di. l s hong s v lo bun c l do ni

ti.

Ci y tc l ci ng. Ngy xa khi m ti cha sinh ra ti th ti chac. M ti sinh ra ti ri, t nhin ti c. Ti tng rng ti c. yvy m hm nay ti li thy rng ti khng c. Ti ch l h v, ti

khng l ci g c.

l t kin chp hu i sang kin chp v, t kin chp thngchuyn sang kin chp on. Nhng lun chp hu v v, thng von, theo o Bt, u l bin kin (vues extremes). Ci thy ca Btvt khi nhng bin kin y m an tr trung o, khng hu cngkhng v, khng thng cng khng on.

Ci y tc l ci ng m ngi ta bm vu vo. (Gii thch ci y lnhng phm vt cng dng hoc nhng vt t hu l mt iu rt

bun ci, chng t l ta khng nm c kinh, bt rn bngcch chp ui n).

Ci y c th l nim tin ni mt thn linh hoc ni mt thin ng.Khi cha c nim tin, ta c th hoang mang. Khi c nim tin, ta c

th c s an tm, v ta bm vu vo nim tin y. V ta bm vi s los hoc tm tham i. Nu mt ngy kia v ldo no , i ngang qua


33/4533 | T i p nhn g io l v V ng

mt m trng v mt nim tin th ta s au kh v cng. Ta su su, than khc, v m ngc n ni phi tr thnh in di.Li Bt ni rt r rng: C mt ci g m ta tip nhn v nm btvi s tham i m li khng gy ra lo lng, mt nhc, than khc, khau v tuyt vng hay khng?

Tip nhn gio l v V ng

Thc tp gio l v ng, ta s khng th bung b mi kin x, khngcn bm vu vo bt c mt ci g t ng ha vi ci y, v nhvy s khng b ri vo tnh trng hoang mang, lo lng v au kh.Nhng gio l v ng i hi ta mt s hc hi thng minh v khn

kho, nu khng, chnh gio l v ng l nguyn do em ti s hoangmang, lo lng v su kh y. Ci m trng ca s mt c tin, citm trngb v trc nim h v v on dit y c th n vi tart sm khi ta nghe thuyt ging gio l v ng m khng tht s hiuv tip nhn c gio l y. Ta ang tin th gii thn ng, ang tin th gii, ang tin rng ta s tn ti vnh cu vi th gii, t nhinta nghe Bt ni v v ng ta bng tr nn hoang mang. T kin chp

c ta ri vo kin chp h v, t kin chp thng ta ri vo kinchp on. Gio l v ng khng ch trng h v v on dit,nhng ta tip nhn n nh mt ch thuyt h v v on dit. Ta bt rn bng ui v b rn cn. y l tm trng ca mt ngi BLa Mn, t c tin ni thn ng, ri vo h hoang mang ca ondit v h v:

Th Tn, c th l do ngoi ti a n s hong s v lo bun haykhng?

Bt dy:

C th. Gi s c k nhn thc v ni nh sau: y l thn ng, yl th gii, y l ta, ta s tn ti mi v sau. Ri ngi y gp Bthay mt ngi hc tr ca Bt c thng minh tr tu thuyt php

cho nghe v s x ly cc kin php, v thn, v ng chp, v ng s,v s bung b ng mn, trin s chnh v lu hoc; k y c th ngh


34/4534 | T i p nhn g io l v V ng

rng: Thi th l ht, ta s bung b tt c, ta khng phi l th gii,l ta, l thn ng, ta s khng th tn ti mi mi v sau, sau khi chtta s hon ton on dit, khng cn g na m thng, m vui, m ghi nh. Ngh nh th, k y c th u su, than kh m mngc cho n phi tr nn in di. l l do ngoi ti c th a

n khng hong s v lo bun.

L do ni ti l t mnh nh mt c tin ni thn ng. L do ngoiti l v nghe thuyt php m mt c tin ni thn ng. Trong trnghp l do ngoi ti, ngi nghe php khng hiu c php, cngnh ngi bt rn b rn cn. Ch bt rn, nh th, ctheo di t u cho n cui kinh.

Ti y chng ta thy rng nhiu ngi hiu mt cch o ngcl v ng. Bt ch dy rng khng c mt thc th bt bin no trongnm un v trong th gii, Bt khng h dy rng nm un v thgii ch l h v. Hp th ng un l mt thc ti, tuy rng l mtthc ti v thng v v ng. V thc ti y l v thng v v ngcho nn trong bn cht, n khng c th c din t l c hay khng,l thng hng hay l on dit. Ni n l khng th khng ng, nin l thng hng cng khng ng, ni l on dit cng khngng. Thc ti nm un v th gii vt thot bn nim c (Bhava),khng (abhava), thng hng (sassata) v on dit (uccheda). lTrung oca Bt dy. o l ny c din by rt nhiu ln trongcc kinh in, kinh in Bc truyn cng nh kinh in Namtruyn. Chng ta hy c on kinh ny trong kinh Trung o Nhn

Duyn:

Khi mt ngi qun chiu v s sinh khi ca th gii, ngi ykhng b kt vo nim khng; khi ngi y qun chiu v s tnhoi ca th gii, ngi y khng b kt vo nim c. NyKaccayana, l mt bin kin khc. Nh Lai xa la hai bin kin yv dy o l Trung o (Tp A Hm, kinh s 301, tng ng vikinh Kaccayanagotta, Samyutta Nikaya II, 16-17).


35/4535 | B t k h c , bt k h t h i t h i t

o Bt i tha khai trin trit gio l Trung o y m trong cctruyn thng Hu b (Sarvastivada) v ng dip b (Tamrasatiya,thng c gi l Theravada) ngi ta khng ch ti my.

Tm li, khi mt ngi nghe gio l v ng m b ri vo h thm ca

t tng h v v on dit, ta phi tm cch cu ngi y ln bngsi dy thng (hoc l ci thang) Trung o nhn duyn.

Bt kh c, bt kh thi thit

o l v ng trong kinh Ngi Bt Rn c trnh by trong bicnh tn ngng thn ng. Trong ni b gio on, thng thng

Bt trnh by ba loi ng chp: ng, ng s v tng ti. Ng l ta, ngs l ca ta, v tng ti l trong ng c ng s v trong ng s cng. cho d hiu, ta ly li v d thn th:

1. Thn th ny l ta: y l trng hp ng nht thn th vi cing. Ta l thn th ny, thn th ny l ta. y l chp ng (this

body is me).

2. Thn th ny l ca ta: Trong trng hp ny, ta l mt thc tic lp vi thn th, c ngoi thn th. Thn th ch l mt vts hu ca ta nh tn h, nh ca, danh d, trng mc ngnhng, vn vn Thn th ny l vt s hu ca ta. y l chpng s (this body is mine).

3. Trong thn th c ta, trong ta c thn th: Trong trng hp ny,thn th khng phi l ta, nhng ta c mt trong thn th; takhng phi l thn th, nhng trong ta c thn th. Ci ny nmtrong ci kia v ci kia nm trong ci ny. y l chp tng ti(there is me in the body, there is body in me). Kin chp ny rtvi t v c lin h vi ch trng Phi tc phi ly un ng (ci takhng phi l nm un m cng khng th ri nm un m c)ca mt vi b phi Pht gio sau ny.

Ba phm tr ng chp trn (ng, ng s v tng ti), c ni ntrong nhiu kinh, nht l Tp A Hm v Samyutta Nikaya. l ba


36/4536 | B t k h c , bt k h t h i t h i t

ci by m ngi ta c th lt vo. Thot khi hai ci by u, ta cth ri vo ci by th ba l ci by tng ti, tuy vi t hn, nhng vn l mt ci by. chnh trong gii Pht t cng c nhiu ngithuc nhiu truyn thng i tm mt kin x thit lp mt th ngvi t, bi v, nh ta bit, nhu yu bm vu vo mt ci ng l nhu

yu mun i ca con ngi. Kinh Ngi Bt Rn c bit cp tikin x th su l kin x th gii l ng vn l ci by th t n sauci by tng ti. Bt dy rng nim v ta pht sinh t nim vca ta v nim ca ta c pht sinh t nim ta. Nhng nim yu l nhng vng tng (perceptions) khng c cn c, cho nnkhng c th thnh lp c m cng khng c th nm bt c.Thnh lp v nm bt ci ng ch a ti kh au, b v v tht vng.

V vy nhng nim v ng, ng s, tng ti, th gii u ch lnhng khi u minh, nhng nhn thc sai lm, nhng kt s(samyojana) trong tm c trch nhim v nhng kh au trong hinti v trong tng lai.

y l li ca Bt:

V c nim v ta cho nn c nim v ca ta; nu khng c nimv ta th khng c nim v ca ta. Ta v ca ta u l nhng nimkhng th nm bt c, khng th thnh lp c.

Nm un v th gii c mt trong t thn chn nh ca chng; nim ca ta v nm un v v th gii l nhng nim pht sinh tcc khun kh c, khng, thng v on, vn vn Cc khun khny ch l nhng nim khng cha ng c thc ti, khng nm

bt c thc ti, cng nh mt ci mn li khng th bung btc h khng. l ngha ca nhng ting khng thnh lp c,khng nm bt c, rt quan trng trong gio l o Bt. T ngAnupalabhya c dch l bt kh thi thit v bt kh c trong tng

bn ch Hn ca kinh Ngi Bt Rn. Gio l bt kh thi thit v btkh c tht v cng quan trng, nhng trong cc h phi Hu b vng dip b, gio l y cng khng c khai thc ng mc.


37/4537 | N i t b n

Nit bn

Nit bn cng l mt gio l rt d b hiu lm. T ng nirvana cngha l s tt ngm. S tt ngm y c ngha l s tt ngm cangn la phin no, kh au v hn th, v cng l s tt ngm ca

mi nimc, khng, thng, on, v thng, v ng, trung o,bt kh c v c nim nit bn na. Th nhng nit bn li thnghay c hiu lm l h v v on dit. Con rn ny thng hay b

bt ng ui.

Kinh Ngi Bt Rn ni: Nu qua su loi i tng (sc, th, tng,hnh, thc v th gii) y m khng thy c ci ta v ci ca ta, vkht s s khng cn b vng vo nhng rng buc ca cuc i. Vkhng b vng vo cho nn khng hong s, khng hong s chonn t c nit bn. V y bit lun hi v kh au c chmdt, i sng phm hnh hon tt, iu cn lm lm, khng cn

b sinh t na v nhn thc c chn l thc ti.

Nh th, Nit bn y c nh ngha l:

- thc tp thnh cng gio l v ng (i sng phm hnh hon tt, iu cn lm lm).

- t c chnh tr (nhn thc c chn l thc ti) .- chm dt c lun hi (khng cn b sinh t na).- t c v y (khng hong s)

Sau khi nh ngha nit bn nh th ri. Bt li cn ni thm v

nhng c tnh ca Nit bn: Mt v kht s nh th lp cthng ho, vt c thng ho, ph c thnh quch, m tungc l kha v soi c vo gng thnh tr.. Nit bn y lic m t nh mt s chin thng, mt cuc tranh u t giiphng v mt s tha thu ca ngi t ti hiu bit hon ton.

Ta hy c thng trong kinh:


38/4538 | N h l a i

Th no l lp c thng ho? Ngha l v y bit ht v thy rbn cht ca v minh; v minh b nh tn gc r v ph cho tan ntnn khng cn pht sinh c na.

Th no l vt c thng ho? Ngha l v y bit ht v thy

r bn cht ca hu v i; hu v i b nh tn gc r v ph chotan nt nn khng cn pht sinh c na.

Th no l ph cho tan thnh quch? Ngha l v y bit ht vthy r bn cht ca sinh t lun hi; sinh t lun hi b nh tngc r v ph cho tan nt nn khng cn pht sinh c na.

Th no l m tung l kha? Ngha l v y bit ht v thy r bn

cht ca nm th n s; n s b nh tn gc r v ph cho tannt nn khng cn pht sinh c na.

Th no l soi c vo gng thnh tr? Ngha l v y bit htv thy r bn cht ca ng mn; ng mn b nh tn gc r v phcho tan nt nn khng cn pht sinh c na.

Soi c vo gng thnh tr y c ngha l vt c ng chp.

Ng mn ch l sn phm ca ng chp.

Nh lai

Din t nit bn bng nhng hnh nh tch cc nh th m Bt vncn b hiu lm l ging dy o l on dit v h v. Ngi ta hiulm rng mt khi i vo nit bn ri th khng cn g na c. Nit bn

l mt khong h v to ln. L khng cn l l, hoa khng cn l hoa,ngi khng cn l ngi, vt khng cn l vt. Tt c u tan longra nh h khng v mt ht nhng c tnh cng nh ng nt camnh. Bt khng h ni rng t ti nit bn l tr thnh h v von dit. H v v on dit l hai khi nim trong nhiu khi nimm ta vt thot khi ta thc chng nit bn. V vy nit bn khng thl h v v on dit. Ngi thc chng nit bn khng cn b rng

buc bi nhng nim sinh v dit, c v khng, mt v nhiu, ti vi. V v vy c th ni ngi an tr trong nit bn l Nh Lai


39/4539 | N h l a i

(Tahtagata). nim v Nh Lai l mt nim rt su sc v munhim. nim ny cng khng c ch trng v khai thc trongcc truyn thng Hu b v ng dip b. Nh Lai, theo kinh KimCng Bt Nh, l ngi khng t u ti c v cng s khng i vu c (Nh Lai gi, tng v s lai, dic v s kh, c danh Nh lai).

C kinh li ni: Nh Lai t chn nh ti v s i v chn nh ninh th cng l ni khng ti v khng i. l phong ca ngichng c v an tr nit bn. Ta hy nghe Bt ni trong kinh NgiBt Rn: Nh Lai l trng thi cao qu, l trng thi mt m, l trngthi khng nngbc, l trng thi khng cn s khc than. Nh vy,Nh Lai c an lc, t do v hnh phc. Tuy nhin Nh Lai, cng nhnit bn, khng th c nhn thc qua nhng phm tr nh sinh

dit, c khng, mt nhiu v ti i. Tm kim Nh Lai bng nim thkhng th no tm ra, d ngi i tm l vua tri Thch, Sinh chhay Phm thin.

Cc kinh i Tha, t Bt Nh, Bo Tch n Hoa Nghim v Duy MaCt, u n lc din by gio l Trung o, gip con ngi vtthot nim h v v on dit. Tc phmTrung qun lun ca thy

Long Th khi trnh by nim v tm ci khng phica gio l Trungo (Trung o bt bt) cng ch nhm ti cng mt mc ch y.Tm ci khng phi y l bt sinh, bt dit, bt thng, bt on, btnht, bt d, bt lai v bt xut.

Trong kinh Anirudha (Samyutta Nikaya 22,6), ta thy c mt cuc itm Nh Lai qua bn phm tr cn, khng cn, va cn va khng

cn, va khng cn, va khng khng cn. Mt s du s ngoi ochn ng thy Anirudha v bt thy phi tr li cho h: sau khicht, Nh Lai cn, hay khng cn, hay va cn va khng cn, hayva khng cn va khng khng cn. Thy Anirudha ngh rng trong

bn mnh y khng c mnh no ni ra c s tht v NhLai, cho nn thy khng chu chn mt trong bn. Cc du s ngh lthy ngu dt lin bung cho thy i. Thy Anirudha v k li cu

chuyn cho Bt nghe v thnh Bt cho kin. Bt hi thy xem c thtm Nh Lai trong sc, th, tng, hnh v thc khng, thy nikhng. Bt hi c th tm Nh Lai ngoi sc, th, tng, hnh v thc


40/4540 | i p h vi s h i u lm

khng, thy cng ni khng. Bt ni: Ny thy Anirudha, i tmNh Lai trong khi Nh Lai ang cn y m tm cn cha c thlm sao mong i tm Nh Lai sau khi cht trong khun kh bn mnh cn, khng cn, va cn va khng cn, va khng cn va khngkhng cn? c phi l mt chuyn c th lm c hay khng?

Trong tng bn ch Hn ca kinh Ngi Bt Rn, Bt ni: Vua tri thch, Sinh ch, Phm thin v quyn thuc ca h d c i tmkim cng khng th no thy c du tch y c ca tm thc NhLai (cu nhi bt nng c Nh Lai s thc). Trong tng bn Pali,chng ta c: Ti ni rng ngay y v by gi cng khng tmc du tch ca mt v Nh Lai. (ditthevaham bhikkave hamme

Tathagatam annuvejjotivadami).

V Bt kt lun: T trc ti nay, Nh Lai ch ging dy v kh auv con ng chuyn ha kh au. Nh th l Bt khng mun phth gi trong vic tm cch nht thc ti vo cc khun kh ca khinim, mt cng vic m Ngi cho l khng c b ch v khng thno lm c. Trung o Bt Nh m thy Long Th ni n, nhvy, c cha ng mt cch r rng trong kinh in nguyn th.

ngi ta ng b ri vo h thm ca nim h v v on dit,c nhng kinh (nh kinh i Nit Bn ca truyn thng i Tha) din t Nit Bn nh mt thc ti Thng, Lc, Ng, Tnh. Thng,lc, ng v tnh trong nhn thc khi nim l bn nhn thc sai lmcn bn v thc ti gi l t in o. Thng, lc, ng v tnh cakinh i Nit Bn a ra nh bn thuc tnh ca Nit Bn, mt

phng tin nhm cha tr cc nim v h v v on dit, cngnh thuc cha ngi b rn cn.

i ph vi s hiu lm

Thi no cng c nhng ngi hiu lm, u cng c nhng ngihiu lm. V thiu thng minh m hiu lm, v thiu thin ch m hiu

lm. Nhiu khi ngi ta cn c hiu lm, gi b hiu lm hoc vganh t m hiu lm. l s thc mun i. i ph vi s hiu


41/4541 | i p h vi s h i u lm

lm, ta phi x s nh th no? l iu c ni ti trong phncui ca kinh.

V nghe ti ging dy nh th nn nhiu v sa mn v phm ch vu bng cho ti vng ngn, l khng chn tht. H ni: Sa mn

Gotama ch trng thuyt h v, tuyn dng ch ngha hoi dit,trong khi chng sanh l nhng thc th c tht. Nhng iu h ni,Nh Lai c ch trng u?

Th ra Bt ni r rng rng ngi khng ch trng thuyt h von dit, vy m trong sut hai ngn su trm nm lc no cng cnhng ngi ln n Bt l ging dy o l h v v on dit.

S tht l gio l ca Btv qu thm su nn rt d b hiu lm. TuyBt khng ch trng chng sanh l nhng thc th khng c tht,nhng Bt ni nhng cu m khi nghe ngi ta c th hiu lkhng c chng sanh. Nhng cu y trong kinh i Tha cng c mtrong kinh Nguyn th cng c. V d trong kinh Kim Cng, Bt ni:Nu B Tt m cn c nim v chng sanh, th cha phi l vB Tt ch thc. Bt ging dy o l v ng. Chng sanh l loi

hu tnh. Loi hu tnh l do nhng loi v tnh kt thnh trong qutrnh nhn duyn sinh khi. V vy xem loi hu tnh l mt ci g cth tn ti bit lp ngoi th gii v tnh l mt lm ln. l Bt,mun ta vt c nim chng sanh, tc l mt tng trong bntng: ta, chng sanh, con ngi v th mng. M ming ra l c th

b hiu lm. Cho nn trong truyn thng i tha, ngi hc Btthng lp li cu ni ny ca Bt: Trong bn mi lm nm, ti

cha tng ni g c. Cu y chng qua ch c ngha l qu v ngb kt vo nhng li ti ni, nhng ting ti dng. V s im lng caBt trc cu hi ca du s Vacchagotta cng c cng mt ngha .

i ph vi nhng ngi vu co nhic mng v ph bng mnh,ngi hc Bt phi c thi no? Cu tr li ca Bt l phi thc tpgio l v ng. Thc tp v ng th nhng vu co, nhic mng v ph

bng s khng ng ti mnh c. Thy c t tnh v ng, ta sthy lun c nguyn tc duyn sinh, v duyn sinh v v ng l


42/4542 | i p h vi s h i u lm

mt. Vn vt u do nhn duyn sinh khi, v vy khng vt no cmt t th ring bit v c lp. Ngi kia v v minh, v khng hiu,v hn th c thi hn hc y. Ngi y l sn phm ca honcnh gia nh, bn b, hc ng, vn ha x hi.

Hon cnh y a n nhn thc y v thi y. Thy c nhth, ta s c lng t bi,ta s thy rng chuyn i ngi y cha ,ta phi chuyn i lun hon cnh gia nh, bn b, hc ng, vnha v x hi ca ngi y. Ta c trch nhim hoc trc tip, hocgin tip v nhn thc v thi ca ngi y. Thy c nhngiu kin a ti nhn thc v thi ca ngi y ta mi tht sthy c ngi y v hiu c ngi y. Ta khng gin d v

trch mc ngi y m cn tm kim nhng phng php gipngi y thot khi hon cnh v nhn thc kia.

Nu thy c nh th v thng c nh th th ta u c thy tal mt i tng ca s vu co, nhic mng, trch mc v ph bng?Thy c nh th v thng c nh th th d c b nh phoc tn st ta cng c th em lng thng xt m khng c mtcht cm hn v on th. Nu ta khng t ng nht ta vi nm unl sc, th, tng, hnh v thc ny th nhng vu co nhic mng vnh p y u c ng c ti ta? Bt hi: Nu by gi y, ti

bn ngoi khu vn ny, c ngi em tom gp cnh kh v c khv t v s dng, th chng ta c nn ngh l chng ta ang b ngita em t v s dng khng?

Nu ch bai, vu co v nh p khng th lm cho ta gin d v

cm th th cng dng, l bi, ca ngi v tn trng cng khng thlm cho ta t ho v t c, bi l ta vt thot nim v ta v cata.

Bt dy: Nu c ngi ti cung knh, cng dng, l bi v tn trngNh Lai th khng phi v th m Nh Lai mng r. Nh Lai ch nghrng ngi y n l v thnh qu ca s t ng v ca s chuyn

ha niNh Lai m thi.


43/4543 | L i c u i

Trong tm ngn gi, khng c ngn gi no c th thi xiu c conngi chng thc c o l v ng. Tm ngn gi l: li,suy, hy, d, xng, c, kh v lc. Li l li lc, suy l l l, hy lhy bng, d l tn dng, xng l tng bc, c l nhc m, kh lhon cnh bc bch, lc l hon cnh sung tc d dng. Trong on

kt thc ny ca kinh. Bt ni rng chnh php c ngitrnh by cn k, y v rng ri. Ch cn c tr tu v s kho lol c th tip nhn v hnh tr. Tip nhn c chnh xc chnh phpy th hiu lc s v cng. Ngay trong i ny, ci hiu c th ati qu v A la hn hoc cc qu v bt lai, nht lai hoc nhp lu, tytheo trnh chuyn ha ca nhng kt s. Ta hy c x vi cc bn:

Kinh in i tha cho ta mt ci nhn phng khong hn v gio lcn bn ca o Bt, c th gip ta phng nga s co rt li ca giol v ca nhng phng php hnh tr gio l. Gio l i tha gipta khm ph chiu su ca cc nn vn hcNikaya v A Hm, gingnh nh sng chiu vo i tng qun st bin hnh v mo mv nhng th thut ct gi nhn to. C nhin l cc kinh in Nikayav A Hm gn vi o Bt Nguyn th hn, nhng ci kinh in ny

b sa cha v bin hnh t nhiu v cch hiu v cch hnh tr canhng truyn thng c cng truyn tha v ct gi thnh kinhin y. Cc th h hc gi v hnh gi tng lai cn cn c trn kinhin ca c hai truyn thng Bc tng v Nam tng c th khiphc li c tinh thn nguyn thy ca o Bt. Chng ta phi sdng tt c kinh in ca c hai truyn thng.

Li cui

Kinh Ngi Bt Rn tht l mt kinh quan trng. May mn thaychng ta cn c c hai tng bn ca hai truyn thng khc nhau,tng bn ting Pali cang Dip b v tng bn ting Hn ca Hu

b. Nh so snh hai tng bn m ta tm tr v c rt gn vi tinhthn nguyn thy ca kinh, d c hai tng bn u mang theo nhng

khim khuyt do s truyn tng lu ngy gy ra. Chng ta rt mngc tip nhn chn ca Bt.


44/4544 | L i c u i

Vo thng su 1992 ti o trng Mai Thn (Village des Pruniers), tic hng dn mt kha tu cho gn 300 thin gi quc t v ch Thin qun trong truyn thng i tha (Vipassana in the ahayanatradition) trong hai mi mt ngy lin tip, v s dng kinh NgiBt Rn khai mc kha tu. Chng ti thy kinh ny l mt cnh

ca mu nhim a ngi vo lnh vc t tng v thc tp thinqun i tha. Thi ci m, khn kho v khng dnh mc mkinh ny dy l cha kha mu nhim a chng ta vo mtlnh vc m nu khng quen bit ta c th chong ngp. T kinhNgi Bt Rn ta c th i vo cc kinh nh Bt Nh, Bo Tch, DuyMa, Hoa Nghim v Php Hoa mt cch rt t nhin. Ti thy cngvic khai trin nhng kinh nhkinh Ngi Bt Rn hay Ngi bit

sng mt mnh c th em li rt nhiu khng gian v kh tri mt mcho s nghin cu hc hi v hnh tr cc kinh in Thanh vn tha.Trang bi bt sch ng Xa My Trng, ti vit nhng dngny lin h ti s kho cu kinh in, xin lp li y chia s vi cc

bn:

Kinh in i tha cho ta mt ci nhn phng khong hn v gio l

cn bn ca o Bt, c th gip ta phng nga s co rt li ca giol v ca nhng phng php hnh tr gio l. Gio l i tha gipta khm ph c chiu su ca cc nn vn hc nh Nikaya v AHm, ging nh nh sng chiu vo i tng qun st bin hnhv mo m v nhng th thut ct gi nhn to. C nhin l cc kinhin Nikaya v A Hm gn vi o Bt nguyn th hn, nhng cckinh in ny b sa cha v bin hnh i t nhiu v cch hiu v

cch hnh tr ca nhng truyn thng c cng truyn tha v ctgi thnh kinh in y. Cc th h hc gi v hnh gi tng lai cncn c trn kinh in ca c hai truyn thng Bc tng v Nam tng c th khi phc li c tinh thn nguyn thy ca o Bt.Chng ta cn phi s dng tt c kinh in ca c hai truyn thng.


45/45

Ch thch

[1]. Ngi hun luyn chim ng: nu ln ngh nghip trc khi ixut gia ngi nghe tn khng ln ln thy Arittha ny vinhng thy khc cng tn, ch khng phi k th giai cp

[2]. Trong tng bn Pali c thm hai v d khc: ng gm gio vl st sanh.

[3]. Tng bn Pali ch nu ra 9 th ti. Tng bn Hn c 12 thti:

1. Chnh kinh (tc l trng hng, satra);2.

Ca vnh (tc trng tng, geya);3. K thuyt (tc k bit, vyakarana);

4. K tha (tc c khi hay phng tng, gatha);5. Nhn duyn (nidana);6. Tuyn lc (tc lun ngh, upadesa);7. Bn khi (tc bn s, itivrttaka);8. Th thuyt (hay t thuyt, udana);9.

Sinh x (tc bn sanh, jataka);10.Qung gii (tc phng qung, vaipulya);

11.V tng hu (tc hy php, adbhuta dharma);12.Thuyt ngha (tc th d, avadana);

[4]. Kin x: nn tng ca kin chp (drati sthana, pali: ditthitthana).

im lang sam set - kinh nguoi bat ran

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