imen-°‰v k¿∆-i-em-ime - university of calicut · school of distance education bzy-im-e-...

School of Distance Education

BZy-Im-e- ae-bmf I-hnX 1

BZyIme aebmfIhnX

Fw.-F. ae-bmfw

H∂mw h¿jw

ÃUn sa‰o-cn-b¬

2015 ADMISSION

Imen-°‰v k¿∆-I-em-imehnZqc hnZym`ymk hn`mKw

Imen-°‰v bqWn-th-gvkn‰n ]n.-H., ae-∏p-dw˛673 635

200 7

2002



UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT

SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

STUDY MATERIAL

I YEAR MA MALAYALAM

(2015 Admission)

BZy-Im-e- ae-bmf I-hnXBZy-Im-e- ae-bmf I-hnXBZy-Im-e- ae-bmf I-hnXBZy-Im-e- ae-bmf I-hnXBZy-Im-e- ae-bmf I-hnXPrepared by: tUm.Pbvk¨ tPmkv

AknÃ‚ v s]m^k¿

aebmfhn`mKw

sk‚ v tXmakv tImfPv,tImgt©cn.

Scrutinised by: tUm. hn.A\n¬Ipam¿,s]m^k¿,

aebmfhn`mKw,

Im-en-°‰v bqWn-th-gvkn‰n.

Layout & Settings Computer Section, SDE

©

Reserved

2



BZy-Im-e-I-hnX

D≈-S°w

samUypƒ 1 \mS≥ ]m´p-Iƒs]m∂n-d-Ømƒ°YHtX-\\pw HmW-∏p-S-hbpw

samUypƒ 2 kwL-Im-e-I-hnX]m´p-]-ÿm\wcma-N-cnXw 1˛3 ]S-e-ßƒXncp-\n-g¬ame\ncWw IrXn-Iƒa.IÆ-»-cm-am-bWw InjvIn-‘m-ImWvUw ( BZy 20 ]m v)b.`mjm- -K-hZv KoX (10 ]m´v)cma-I-Y-∏m v _me-ImWvUw:H∂mw hncpØw

samUypƒ 3 aWn-]-hm-f-km-lnXywktµ-i-Imhy ]ÿm\wDÆp-\oen ktµiw (]q¿∆ `mKw)Nºp-°ƒDÆn-b-®o-N-cnXw (]q¿∆ mKw)cmam-bWw Nºp (DZym\-]-th-iw)ss\j[w Nºp ( BZy 10 t«mIw)Ntµm-’hw\f-N-cnXw H∂mw Znhkw

samUypƒ 4 IrjvW-Km-Y (cp-‹n-Wo-kzbwhcw) sN-dp-t»cnFgp-Ø-—≥ (kpµ-c-Im-WvUw) e¶m-Z-l\w]q¥m\w ⁄m\-∏m-\Ip©≥ \ºym¿ I-eym-W-ku-K-‘nIwcma-]p-cØp hmcy¿ IptN-e-hrØwA¿tWmkp ]mXncntambn≥Ip´n sshZy¿˛ _Z-dp¬ ap\o¿ lpkv\p¬ Pam¬(]q-a-I-fms\ F∂ Ci¬)

samUypƒ 5 abq-c-k-tµiw (]q¿∆ mKw)tIma-∏≥ae-b-hn-emkwHcp hnem]wtIi-hobwsImSpß√q¿ Ip™n°p´≥ Xºpcm≥



samUypƒ 1\mS≥]m-´p-Iƒ

kmln-Xy-Øns‚ Ncn-X-Øn-¬ AwKo-Ir-X-amb \n¿∆-N-\-ßƒ \¬In ]tXyIw]tXyIw ]T\w \S-Øm-hp∂ ]ÿm-\-ß-fp-≠v. imkvXo-b-amb coXn-bn¬ HmtcmIrXn-tbbpw hni-I-e\w sNbvXp \nK-a-\-ß-fn¬ FØn-t®-cmw. alm-Imhyw, JWvU-Imhyw, \mS-Iw, t\mh¬, Nºp, B -°-Y, Xp≈¬ XpSßn Hmtcm∂pw kmln-Xy-Ønse hn`n∂ hn`m-K-ß-fm-Wv. Ch-bn¬ Hmtcm-∂n-s\-°p-dn®pw Nne ]tXyI `mjmkmln-Xy-ß-fn¬ cq]w ]q≠-sX∂v FSp-Øp-]-d-bm-\pw km[n-°pw. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\vB -°Y ae-bm-f-Øns‚ apZ-bp-≈-Xm-Wv. alm-Im-hyhpw Nºphpw a‰pw kwkvIr-X-Øn-s‚bpw t\mh¬ ,KZy-\m-SIw apX-em-bh Cw•o-jn-s‚bpw ]mc-ºcyw t]dp-∂p.

GXp `mjm-km-l-Xy-Ønepw enJnX kmln-Xy-an-√mØ `mj-I-fnepw ]Nm-c-ap≈ ]ÿm-\-amWv \mS≥]m- p-Iƒ. a\p-jy-\n¬ IY-tIƒ°m\pw Ifn-]-d-bphm\pwckn-°m-\p-ap≈ hmk-\-tbm-sSm∏w \mS≥]m-´p-Iƒ P\n-®p. ImSp-I-fn¬ amSp-ta®vê-aq-em-Zn-Iƒ `£n®v Pohn-®n-cp∂ Imew apX¬ \mS≥]m- p-Iƒ D≠m-bn-°m-Wpw.kmlnXyw ]n®-h-bv°p∂ Ime-amWv \mS≥]m- p-Iƒ ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-I. ]mIr-X-cmbP\-ß-fn¬ A¤p-Xhpw bhpw Df-hm-°nb P¥p-°-sfbpw i‡n-hn-ti-j-W-ß-sfbpwIp-dn®v hni-a-th-f-I-fn¬ CuW-ap≈ coXn-bn¬∏-d™v Iq´p-Imsc ckn-∏n-®-XmWv\mS≥]m- p-I-fpsS ]mY-anI cq]-sa∂v Icp-Xmw. \mS≥]m- p-I-fn¬ ImWp∂ A]-cn-jvIr-X-`m-h-ßƒ Cu XXzw sXfn-bn-°p-I-bm-Wv. kwkvIrX NnØ-cmb P\-ß-fpsSPohn-X-a√ AXn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv. ]cn-jvIr-Xhpw kpµ-c-hp-amb ssien-b-√, efn-Xhpwa[p-c-hp-amb coXn-bmWv ]m´p-I-fp-tS-Xv. CuSm¿∂ kmlnXyw cNn-°p-s∂∂ Alw-`m-h-a-√, BI¿j-I-amb ań¬ Pohn-X-N-e-\-ßƒ Bhn-jvI-cn-°m-\p≈ IuXp-I-amWv]m´p-Imsc \bn-°p-∂-Xv.

\mS≥]m´pIfpsS ]m[m\yw ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ hnj-b-Øn-s‚-Xm-Wv. aX-]-c-tam,kmaq-ln-I-tam, Ncn-X-]-ctam Bb GsX-¶nepw kw`-h-Øns‚ cq]-tcJ ]mń¬\n∂pw Is≠-Sp-°m-\m-Ipw. sXmgn-ens‚ Ivtfiw Adn-bn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ ]mSp∂ ]m´pwP\\w apX¬ acWw hsc-bp≈ Pohn-X-cw-K-ßƒ a\p-jy-a-\- ns\ Fßs\ \ndw]nSn-∏n°p∂p F∂p ]d-™p-X-cp-∂p. BtLm-j-ßfpw BNm-c-ßfpw Cu ]m´p-I-fn¬ \nXy-Po-hnXw t\Sp-∂p. sNdp-Xcw Km\-ßfpw \o≠-I-Y-Iƒ BJym\w sNøp-∂-h-bp-ap≠v \mS≥]m-´p-I-fn¬. GXm-bn-cp-∂mepw Hcp hy‡n-bpsS cN-\-b-√, Hcpkaq-l-Øns‚ cN-\-bmWv \mS≥]m- v. BZyw Hcmƒ Htcm-W-∏m- p ]mSn-sb-∂n-cn-°-s´. tI´p-\n¬°p-∂-h¿ IqsS-∏m-Sp-tºmƒ Ah-\-hs‚ `mh-\m-hn-emkw hcn-I-fn¬IS-∂p-Iq-Sp-∂p. IY-]-d-bp∂ ]m´p-Ifpw Chbv°p IYm-Km-\-sa∂p t]cp-≠v. ]ecpw]e-X-c-Øn¬ am‰p-∂p. Htc ]mń\v ]e cq]-ßƒ ]N-cn-°p-∂p. AXp \mS≥ kmln-Xy-Øns‚ apJy-kz- m-h-am-Wv. hm°p-Ifpw t]cp-Ifpw amdn-bmepw kaq-l-kz- m-h-Øn\vam‰-an-√. Hcp Ime-L- -Øns‚ cq]-tcJ AXn¬Im-Wpw.

IYm-]m-X-ßfpw hy‡-Xz-Øn\v ]m[m\yw sImSp-°msX ]mX-kz-`m-h-Øn¬i≤n-°msX IY ]d™p Xcp∂ ]m´p-I-fpsS IYm-Km-\-ß-sf∂p hnfn-°p-∂p. Cw•ojvkmln-Xy-Ønse Ballads \p Xpey-am-Wn-Xv. Ballare F∂ \rØ-cq-]-Øn\p th≠ncNn-®-XmWv ]m›m-Xy-cpsS Ballad F∂p ]d-bp-∂. tIc-f-Ønse I-Ym-Km-\-ßƒAØ-c-Øn¬ Hcp Zriy-I-em-cq-]-Øn-t\mSpw _‘-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. ae-bm-f-Øn¬ IYm-Km-\-ßƒ°p hn]p-e-amb c≠p hn`m-K-ß-fp-≠v. sX°≥]m- p-Ifpw hS-°≥]m- p-Ifpw.hS-°≥]m-´p-Iƒ ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠p-ap-Xse¶nepw ]WvUn-X-∑m-cpsS i≤-bm-I¿jn®p XpS-ßn. ]m´p-Im-cpsS Hm¿Ω-bn¬ ct≠m aqt∂m \q‰m≠v Pohn-°m-\n-S-bmb \mS≥]m-´p-Iƒ°v `mjm-]-c-amb ]ga \ne-\n¿Øm≥ Ign-bmsX t]mb-Xn¬



A¤p-X-an-√. hS-°≥]m-´p-Ise At]-£n®v sX°≥]m-´p-Iƒ tIc-f-Øn-ep-S-\ofw]Nm-c-an-√msX t]mb-Xn\p `mj Hcp ][m\ Imc-W-am-Wv. sX°≥]m- pI-fn¬ IYm-Km-\-ß-fmWv Gdn-b-]-¶pw.

tIc-f-Ønse IYm-Km-\-ßsf hS-°-s\∂pw sX°-s\∂pw Xcw-Xn-cn-®Xv ]mtZ-inImSn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-sW∂pw hy‡w. DØc tIc-f-Ønse ]m´p-Iƒ hS-°\pw Z£n-W-tI-c-f-Ønse ]m´p-Iƒ sX°-\pw. sX°≥]m- p-I-sf∂ t]cp-sIm-≠p-t±-in-°p-∂XvsX°≥tI-c-f-Ønse AXn-]m-No\w Imew apX¬ ]N-cn-°p∂ IYm-Km-\-ß-sf-bmWv.Ah-bn¬ Gdn-b-]¶pw hn√-Sn-®m≥ ]m´p-I-fmbn ]mSn-h-cp-∂p. Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cw, I\ym-Ip-amcn Pn√-I-fn¬ Pohn® km[m-c-W-°m-cmb P\-ßƒ D∂-X-hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øns‚tamSnbpw ]In´pw _m[n-°m-Ø-h¿ ]mSn ]N-cn-∏n® sX°≥ ]m´p-Iƒ C∂pw Ah-cpsS tZh-X-Isf Bcm-[n-°m\pw Ah-cpsS ktΩ-f-\-ßƒ D’-h-thf-I-fm°n am‰m\pwAh-cpsS ]n≥Km-an-Iƒ ]tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. sIm√-h¿jw ]Ømw iXIw hsc --- -- InkvXp-h¿jw ]Xn-s\´mw iXIw hsc ˛ D≈ IY-I-fmWv Ch-bn¬ A[n-I-hpw. hnj-b-ßsf Bkv]-Z-am°n sX°≥]m- pIsf ]e-Xmbn Xcw-Xn-cn-®n- p-≠v. hmX-∏m- p-Iƒ,tIƒhn ]m´p-Iƒ, imkvX-]m-´p-Iƒ F∂p aq∂p hn`m-K-amWv apJyw. b£n-°-Y-Ifpw a√≥I-Y-I-fp-sams° hmX-∏m- p-I-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. Ch Bcm-[-\m-ebß-fnte]mSmhq F∂mWv hbv∏v. Ncn-X-]p-cp-j-∑m-sc-°p-dn-®p≈ ]m´p-I-fmWv tIƒhn-∏m- p-Iƒ. a¿Ω-Nn-In-’bpw If-cn-∏-b-‰p-sa√mw imkvX-]m- p-I-fmbn ]N-cn-°p-∂p. Hm¿Ω-bn¬ kq£n-°m-\p≈ kuI-cy-Øn-\mbn hrØ-Øn¬ _‘n-°p-∂p. imkvXo-b-ambhrØ-\n-_-‘-\-b-√, Xmf-I-a-amWp ][m-\w. `mj Gsd ]-tXy-I-X-I-fp-≈-X-tX-.Xan-gva-e-bm-f-ß-fpsS kwK-a- q-an-bn¬ Poh≥ sIm≠ sX°≥]m- p-I-fn¬ Cu c≠p`mj-Ifpw Ie¿∂n-´p-≠v. Cu ]m´p-Iƒ°v tIc-f-Ønse a‰p Pn√-I-fn¬ ]Nmcwt\Sm≥ CS-h-cm-Ø-Xn\p ImcWw as‰m-∂m-hn-√.

s]m∂pw Nnd-¥-tXm¿I-S-b-Øq-cn¬Cu ]pIn¬ hmg-Ins‚ hSp-h¿Ipew ˛ F∂p XpS-ßp∂ ]m´v Xan-gn-e√ sX°≥

tIc-f-Ønse km[m-cW P\-ß-fpsS kw`m-j-W- m-j-bn-emWv cNn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. tIc-f-]m-Wn\n \n¿t±-in® Bdp \b-ßƒ kw -hn-°mØ `mj-sb∂pw thW-sa-¶n¬ ]d-bmw. GXm-bmepw kpµ-chpw efn-X-hp-amWv ]m´p-I-fnse `mj-sb∂ Imcy-Øn¬A`n-]m-b-hy-Xym-k-Øn\p Imcy-an-√.

hnj-b-Øns‚ ]tXy-IX t\csØ kqNn-∏n-®-t√m. hmX-∏m- p-Ifpw tIƒhn-∏m-´p-Ifpw ]Xn-Im-c-I-Y-I-fm-sW∂ ]tXy-I-X-bp-ap-≠v. sX‰p sNømØ hy‡nsb NXn-°p-∂-h¿, Ah-cpsS amX-a-√, Ah-cpƒs∏-Sp∂ kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw ]tZ-i-Øn-s‚bpw\mi-Øn\p Ifsamcp-°p-∂p. ssih-amb kwlm-c-i-‡n-t\Sn k¿∆-\miw hnX-bv°p∂AXn-am-\p-j-Po-hn-Ifpw a\p-jy-tcm-sSm∏w cwK-Øp-≠v. ZmhnU LS-I-Øn\v B[n-]-Xy-ap≈ sX°≥]m-´p-I-fn¬ i≤n-t°≠ G‰hpw ][m-\-L-SIw Hscm‰ kµ¿`-Ønepw kvXosb A]-am-\n-°p∂ Hcp ]cm-a¿ihpw C√ F∂-Xm-Wv. Cu kaq-l-Øn¬ kvXosb IpcpXn sImSp-°p-∂Xv A]q¿∆-a-√. ]t£ Ahsf Ah-am-\n-°p-∂-Xmbn B¿°pw kwi-b-an-√. ho´n-se-Øm≥ Xma-kn-°p∂ `¿Øm-hns\ t\m°n`mcytbm aIs\ At\z-jn®v AΩtbm GXv A¿≤-cm-Xnbv°pw t]mIp-∂Xv ImWmw.Ah¿°v H∂pw t]Sn-t°-≠-Xn-√. Akq-bm-h-l-amb kaq-lw.

Hme-I-fn¬ \n∂v C\nbpw A®-Sn-bn-se-tØ≠ IrXn-Iƒ \nc-h-[n-bp-≠v. imkvX-]m- p-I-fpsS Hme-Iƒ ssIh-i-ap-≈-h¿ Ah ]I¿Øm\pw A®-Sn-°m\pw Xøm-dm-Ip-∂n-√. AX-]-I-S-am-sW∂ A‘-hn-izmkw C∂pw \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. Nmap-WvUn-I-Y,aXn-e-IØp IY apX-em-b-h-bpw B[p-\nI `mj-bn-te°p am‰n-bmWv A®-Sn-®n- p-≈-Xv. `mjm-]-chpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb ]T-\-Øn\v am‰-ß-sfm-∂pw hcp-ØmØ cq]wIs≠-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. apØm-c-Ω≥ IYbpw Bbn-c-h-√n-I-Ybpw imkvXmw-I-Ybpw



]I¿Øn ]kn-≤o-I-cn-t°≠ hmX-∏m-´p-I-fn¬s∏-Sp-∂p. hen-b-Xºn Ip™p-Xºnt]mep≈ tIƒhn-∏m- p-Ifpw aZmkv k¿∆-I-em-ime ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n´pw \ap°v ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°m-\m-bn-√.

Cu ]m´p-I-sf√mw hn√p-]m- p-I-fmbn cwK-Ø-h-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-h-bm-sW∂p t\csØkqNn-∏n-®p.-Hcp ImeØv Bbp-[-am-bn-cp∂ hn√v AØ-c-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-Xm-b-t∏mƒ kwKo-tXm-]-I-c-W-ambn amdn. alm- m-cX IYm-\m-bn-I-am¿ Xs∂ Chn-SpsØAΩ ssZh-Øns‚ apºn¬ hns√m-Sn®p ]mSn-sb∂v sFXo-lyw. Ipcp-t£-X-bp-≤-hn-P-b-Øn\v klm-bn® tZhnsb Bcm-[n-°m≥ IrjvW\pw A¿÷p-\\pw IqSn tZhokvXpXn-Iƒ ]mSn-b-tX. GXm-bmepw hen-sbmcp hn√p-h®v hncp-Øhpw ]m´pw Ie¿∂coXn-bnepw tNmtZym-Øc coXn-bnepw hn√p-]m- p-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p.

hmX-∏m- p-I-fn¬ ][m-\-s∏´ b£n-°-Y-I-fn¬ H∂mWv s]m∂nd-Ømƒ IY.kmaq-lnI ]›m-Øew

s]m∂n-d-ØmƒI-Y-bn¬ \n∂pw AXv P∑ sIm≠ Ime-L- -Ønse kmaq-lnI]›m-Øew Hs´ms° a\- n-em-°m≥ km[n-°pw. A‘-hn-izm-k-ßfpw \c-_ent]mep-ff Iqc-amb A\m-Nm-c-ßfpw \S-am-Sn-bn-cp∂ Hcp Ime-L- -sØ-°p-dn-®mWv Cu ]mń¬h¿Æn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

]p\¿P-∑Øn-ep≈ hnizm-kw, iIp-\-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw, kz]v\w ên-°p-sa-∂p≈ hnizm-kw, tPym’y-Ønepw ajn-t\m-´-Ønepw a‰p-ap≈ hnizmkw, _m[,amS≥, adp-X, ]nim-Np-°ƒ XpS-ßnb Zp¿t±-h-X-Isf Bcm-[n-°¬ F∂n-ßs\ Cu]mń¬ h¿Wn-®n- p≈ A‘-hn-izm-k-ßƒ \nc-h-[n-bm-Wv. a¥-hmZw, IqtSmXw, \c-_en XpS-ßnb A\m-Nm-c-ßfpw CXn¬ hni-Z-ambn h¿Æn-®n- p-≠v. \c-_-enbpw _mt[m-]-Z-h-hp-amWv Cu CXn-hr-Ø-Øns‚ \ne-\n-ev]n\p-Xs∂ Imc-W-am-bn-´p≈ LS-I-ßƒ F∂p ImWmw.

]p\¿P-∑-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cp∂p A°m-esØ P\-X. s]m∂n-d-Øm-fns‚ A\-]-Xy-Zpx-J-Øn\p ImcWw Ahƒ ap÷-∑-Øn¬ sNbvX Hcp ]m]-Øns‚ê-am-sW∂v `K-hXn ]Xy-£-s∏´p ]d-bp-∂Xv CXn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv.

ap∏p-d-∏n¬ sNbvX ]m]wC∏p-d-∏n¬ Xocp-saSnNqem-Sp-Nq¬ ]∂ntXmI-bmcp sIm∂-Xp≠pNqen-Isf sIm∂-]m]wXpe° h¥m-tbm-s]m-∂n-dtaH≥]-Xp-amkw K¿`-tØmsSD∂p-bncpw Cd-¥o-Sp-ta.ap÷-∑-Øn¬ s]m∂n-d-¥mƒ ]q¿Æ K¿`n-Wn-bmb Hcm-Sn-s\bpw ]q¿Æ-K¿`n-

Wn-bm-sbmcp ]∂n-tb-bpw sIm∂n-´p-≠-tX. B ]m]-Øns‚ ê-ambn Cu P∑-Øn¬ Ahƒ H≥]Xp amkw K¿`n-Wn-bm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ A]-arXyp hcn-t°-≠-Xm-bn-h-cp-sa-∂mWv `K-hXn ]d-™-Xn-\¿∞w. B Ime-L- -Øn≥ P\-ßƒ°v ]p\¿÷-∑-Ønepw ]m]- -e-Ønepw FX-amXw hnizm-k-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂-Xn\v sXfn-hm-Wn-Xv.

AXp-t]mseXs∂ Zp»-Ip-\-ß-fn¬ Ah¿°v A‘-amb hnizm-k-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xmbn a\- n-em-°mw. s]m∂n-d-¥mƒ Np\-bn¬ \ocm-Sm-\mbn bmX-bm-Ip-tºmƒam¿§-at≤y ]e Zp»-Ip-\-ßfpw ImWp-∂-Xmbn ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.

] -acw X∂n-en-cp¥v Hcp]√n ]ew sNm√p-Xt√m(D-W-ßnb ac-Øn-en-cp∂v Hcp ]√n êw ]d-bp-∂p)



CΩm-Xncn Zp»-Ip-\-ß-sf√mw hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ B]-Øns‚ kqN-\-bm-sW∂v Ah¿hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂p. kz]v\-ßƒ bmYm¿∞y-am-bn-Øocpw F∂p≈ hnizm-khpw ZrV-am-bn-cp-∂-Xm-bn-°m-Wmw. s]m∂n-d-¥mƒ Np\-bn¬ \ocm-Sm≥ t]mb-t∏mƒ Nne I≈-∑m¿ Ahsf ]nSn-®p-sIm-≠p-t]mbn _en-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xmbn Ah-fpsS aman kz]v\wI≠p. C°mcyw kqNn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v Ah¿ Ahsf bmX-bn¬ \n∂pw ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.

`qX, t]X, ]nim-Np-°-sfbpw b£n, amS≥, adp-X, _m[ (hm-X) XpS-ßnbZpjvS-i-‡n-I-sfbpw A‘-ambn hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw Ah¿°v t\¿®-Im-gvN-Iƒ \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂ coXn \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. I≈-∑m¿ \n[n-b-t\z-jn®v sN√p∂ kµ¿ -Øn¬ Zp¿t±-h-X-I-fpsS Hcp \o≠ \ncsbØs∂ Cu Km\-Øn¬ h¿Æn-®n- p-≠v.

G‰ \√ Ci-°n-bp≠p]mXm-f-am-S-\p≠p]mXm-f-C-i-°n-bp≠p]mem-´p-°m-dn-bp≠p]®-Xn∂n amS-\p-≠p....

F∂n-ßs\ \ofp∂p B \nc. \n[n ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\p th≠n Cu Zp¿t±-h-X-Iƒ°v Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw sImSp-t°≠ _enIƒ ]tXyIw FSp-Øp-]-d-™n- p-≠v.

]mXm ]qX-Øq°p]®-°n-Smbv shń sImSp-°-thWwsN¶n-Smbv ]qX-Øp°psN¶nSm H∂p thWwIcp-¶nSm ]qX-Øp°pIcp-t¶mgn H∂p-th-Ww....\c-_-en-bmWv Cu Km\-Øn¬ h¿Æn-®n- p-≈-Xn¬h®v G‰hpw Iqc-amb A\m-

Nm-cw. kzm¿∞-em- - -Øn-\p-th≠n (\n[n ssI°-em-°m≥) Hcp Iq´w I≈-∑m¿ ]q¿Æ-K¿`n-Wn-bmb Hcp kvXosb (s]m-∂n-d-¥m-fn-s\) _en sImSp-°p-∂p. B cwKw G‰hpw]m[m\yw sImSpØv kpZo¿L-ambn h¿Æn-®n- p-≠v. Icp-W-ckw Ic-I-hn-bp∂ ssien-bn-emWv B cwK-ßƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

Ch IqSmsX a¥-hm-Zw, ajn-t\m- w, IqtSmXw F∂p XpSßn At\Iw BNm-c-co-Xn-Iƒ Cu Km\-Øn¬ ]e kµ¿ -ß-fn-embn h¿Æn-®n- p-≠v. A]-arXyp t\cn- -h-cpsS Bflm-°ƒ hmX (_m[)-I-fmbn h∂v cmPy-Øn\v \miw hnX-bv°p-sa∂ hnizm-k-hpw A∂p-≠-mbn-cp-∂p. aYp-cm-\-K-c-Øn¬ \miw hnX-®Xv s]m∂n-d-¥m-fn-s‚bpwIq -cp-sSbpw hmX-I-fm-sW∂v tPym’y≥ ]h-Nn-®-Xp-sIm≠mWv a¥-hmZw \SØn_m[-sbm-gn-∏n-°m≥ ian-°p-∂-Xv. CΩm-Xncn A‘-hn-izm-k-ß-fn¬ \n∂v cmPmhpt]mepw ap‡-\m-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂p ImWmw.

Cu IYm-Km-\-Øn¬ \n∂v A°m-esØ Pohn-X-k-º-Zm-b-ß-sf-°p-dn®v Htc-I-tZ-i-NnXw \ap°v e`n-°pw. Ip™p P\n-®m¬ sNøp∂ NS-ßp-Iƒ, ]k-hw, ]k-hm-\-¥c ipiq-j-Iƒ, hnhm-lw, B -c-W-ßƒ, PmXn kº-Zm-bw, cmP- -c-W-Øns‚]›m-Øew F∂n-ß-s\ Ht´sd Imcy-ß-sf-°p-dn®v hy‡-amb NnXw e`n-°p∂hn[-Øn¬ h¿Æn-®n- p-≠v.

s]m∂n-d-ØmƒIYIYm-kw-Klw

Xncp-\¬then Pn√-bnse ISbw Kma-Øn-emWv (I-S-b-Øq¿) IY \S-°p-∂-Xv.Ahn-SpsØ hSp-h¿ hwi-Øn¬s∏´ Hcp kpµcnbmWv s]m∑m-cn. Ahƒ A©vBÏp-ń-Isf ]k-hn-®p.



A©p \√ iqe-Xnepw A©p B¨ _mesc“Cus‚-Sp-Ømƒ [¿Ω-P-\pw, K¿ -X\pwX\n-°n-fb IrjvW≥ Xm\pw NnØn-c-]p-Øn-c\pwXnc-\n-e-I-WvT\pw A©p \√ iqe-XnepwA©p B¨_m-e-Isc Cus‚-Sp-Ømƒad¥ XpWn FSp-Øn-Ssh Hcp s]¨]m-e¿ C√m-a¬”

F∂m¬ Hcp s]Ïpń P\n-®n-√. Hcp s]Ïpń P\n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n s]m∑mcnNne t\¿®-Im-gvN-Iƒ \SØn AXns‚ ê-ambn ]nd∂ aI-fmWv s]m∂n-d-¥mƒ.

P\n® s]Ïp-™n\v F¥v t]cnSpw ? kwi-b-am-bn. apºv ]d™ t]cn-StWmAtXm apØ-g-Imb t]cn-StWm?

“ap≥ sNm∂ t]cn-SmthmapØ-f-Im-t]-cn-Smthmama-∑m¿ t]cn-Smthma®n-\-tØm¿ t]cn-Sm-thm.....”Cßs\ Ipsd kwi-b-ßƒ°p-tijw HSp-hn¬ Hcp Xocp-am-\-Øn-se-Øn.“s]m∑m-cn-s]‰ aIƒs]m∂n-d-Ømƒ Fs‚ t]cn-S-th..”H∂mw amkw Aar-Xq- n, Xncp-I-eymWw \S-Øn. Cucm-≠m-b-t∏mƒ Ccp-Im-Xp-

Ip-Øn, e£-W-samØ tXmS-bn- p........... Aßs\ Ahƒ hf¿∂p.]¥-≠p-sIm-√-ambn. ]¥p-I-fn-°m-\p≈ ]mbw. tXmgn-am-tcmSpw IqSn Ahƒ

(s]m-∂n-d-Ømƒ) ]¥p-I-fn-°m≥ XpS-ßn.s]m∂n-d-Ømfpw tXmgn-amcpw ]¥-Sn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ ]mhq¿ CW-

iq-c≥ Ahn-sS-sb-Øn, ]¥p-Ifn ImWp-∂p. s]m∂n-d-Øm-fn-s\bpw Ah-fpsS ]¥p-I-fnbpw hfsc CjvS-s∏´ CW-iq-c≥ Ah-fpsS kIe hnh-c-ßfpw tXmgn-am-tcmSvtNmZn-®-dn-bp-∂p. s]m∂n-d-Øm-fn\pw CW-iq-cs\ I≠v a\- n-f-Ip-∂p. Ah¿ XΩn¬CjvS-Øn-em-bn. s]m∂n-d-Ømƒ Ac-a\ t]mepw ad-∂p. CW-iq-c≥ D∏p-Xn∂ Infn-sb-t∏mse, Dua I≠ In\m-hp-t]mse H∂pw ]d-™-dn-bn-°m-\m-hmsX Ign-™p-Iq-Sn.

s]m∑m-cn-bpsS A\p-hm-Z-tØmsS CW-iq-c≥ Ahsf hnhmlw Ign-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p.

hnhm-l-Øn\v PmX-I-s∏m-cpØw t\m°m≥ tPym’y≥ FØn. tPym’y≥ c≠m-fp-sS-bpw PmXIw t\m°n ]h-Nn®p ˛ as‰√m s]mcp-Øhpw D≠v, F∂m¬ \o≠p-hm-gp∂ êw C√. Cu hnhcw tI´v Ah-fpsS AΩ ]d™p

“hmd-sX√mw hn[n-h-iw-Xm≥”

(h-cp-∂-sX√mw hn[n-bm-Wv)Ah¿ hnhmlw \S-Øm≥Xs∂ \n›-bn-®p. s]m∂n-d-Øm-fns‚ hnhmlw hfsc

BtLm-j-tØmsS \S-∂p. tZh-tem-I-Øp-\n-∂p-≈-h-cmWv ]¥-en- -Xv. H≥]-Xp-Im¬]¥¬. Aßs\ hnhmlw Kwò-c-ambn \S-Øn.A\-]-Xy-ZpxJw

hnhm-lhpw a[p-hn-[p-hp-sams° Ign-™p. F∂m¬ Zo¿L-\m-fp-Iƒ°p-tijhpwHcp Ip™n-°m¬ ImWp-∂-Xn-\p≈ e£-W-sam∂pw D≠m-bn-√. Ahƒ kzbw i]n-®p.

“Cugn Fs‚ hb-‰n¬ HcpCfwIpg-ss¥-N-\n-bmtXmCØ-\p°pw alm-tXmjw \m≥



sNbvtXt\m amXmth!” -- Xm≥ CXbv°p alm-]m-]n-bmtWm F∂p ]cn-X-]n-®p-sIm-≠mWv s]m∂n-d-Ømƒ kzbw i]n-®-Xv.

tXmc-W-a-e-bnse `K-hXn hnfn-®m¬ hnfn tIƒ°pw. ChnsS Np\-bn¬ \ocmSnCud-t\msS X] p sNbvXm¬ (\m-ev]-sØm-∂p-\mƒ) êw In´pw. Cu hm¿Øs]m∂n-d-Ømfpw tI´p. s]m∂n-d-Ømƒ tXmc-W-a-e-bn-seØn `K-h-Xn-b-Ω≥ tImhn-en¬ X] p sNbvXp. Hcp aWvU-e-°mew ]q¿Øn-bm-°p∂ cmXn `K-hXn ]Xy-£-s∏- p. Ahƒ tZhn-tbmSv Xs‚ ZpxJw Adn-bn-®p. X\n°v Hcp BÏpń ]nd-°-Ww.AXn-\p-th-≠n-bmWv Cu X] v. CXp tI´v tZhn ]h-Nn-®p.

\ns‚ ap≥÷∑ ]m]-Øns‚ ê-amWv \o A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. ap÷-∑-Øn¬\o K¿`n-Wn-bmb Hcm-Sn-s\bpw K¿`n-Wn-bmb ]∂n-sbbpw sIm∂-h-fm-Wv. AXn-\m¬H≥]mXmw amk-Øn¬, XnI™ K¿ -tØmsS acn-°m-\p≈ hn[n-bmWv \n∂n¬ Rm≥ImWp-∂-Xv. F\n°v \ns∂ c£n-°m-\m-hn-√. AXp-sIm≠v aS-ßn-t∏m-Iq.

]t£ s]m∂n-d-Ømƒ ]n∑m-dn-bn-√. Ahƒ ho≠pw `K-h-Xnsb ]m¿∞n-®p.Ah-fn¬ K¿ -e-£-W-ßƒ I≠p-Xp-S-ßn. Fs´m≥]Xp amkw Ign-™p. Ahƒ ]q¿Æ-K¿`nWnbmbn. H≥]Xmw amk-Øn¬ hmgvØp-apf Xfn-°-Ww. Ahƒ tXmgn-am-tcm-sSm∏w apf-X-fn-®p. F´mw-\mƒ sN∂p t\m°p-tºmƒ s]m∂n-d-Ømƒ Xfn®v hnØp-I-sf√mw Infn¿Øp-]-s]m-¥n. CXv (hnØp apf-bv°m-Xn-cp-∂-Xv) Aip- -e-£-W-am-Wv.

]n∂oSv Ahƒ tXmgn-am-tcm-sSm∏w hc-I-\-√qsc t£X-Ønse Np\-bn¬ \ocm-Sm-\mbn bmX-bm-bn. t]mIp-∂-Xn\v Hcp°w Iq´p-tºmƒ Nne Aip- -e-£-W-ßƒIqSnImWm-\n-S-bm-bn. Np\-bn¬ \ocm-Sm≥ t]mI-cp-sX∂v aman ap∂-dn-bn∏v \¬In. Im´m-f-Ω≥ tImhn-ense I≈-∑m¿ s]m∂n-d-Øm-fns\ IpcpXn sImSp-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn aman-bmƒ kz]v\w I≠p. AXmWv Ahƒ ap∂-dn-bn∏v \¬In-b-Xn\p Imc-Ww. F∂m¬s]m∂n-d-Ømƒ t]mIpI Xs∂ sNbvXp. t]mIpw-hgn°v DW-°-a-c-Øn-en-cp∂v Hcp]√n sNm√n. AXpw iIp-\-∏n-g-bm-Wv. F∂n´pw hcp-∂Xp hc-s -sb∂p IcpXn Ahƒaptºm´v t]mIpI Xs∂ sNbvXp. tXmgn-am¿ H∏w sN∂n-√. Xßƒ hcp-∂n√ F∂p]d™v ]n¥n-cn-™p.

apf-X-fn-®-t∏m-gsØ Aip`w \oßn-°n- m-\mbn Np\-bn¬ \ocm-SpI Xs∂ t]mwh-gn-sb∂v Ahƒ Icp-Xn. ]n¥n-cn-™p-t]mb tXmgn-am¿ sN∂p hnfn-s®-¶nepw AhƒXncnsI hcm≥ Iq´m-°n-bn-√. Np\-bn-en-dßn apßnb ka-bØv ]Ir-Xn-bmsI Im‰pwtImfpw h∂p \nd-™p. BsI Ccp- v. Zn°p-Iƒ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ høm-Xm-bn.

Cu ka-bØv ae-ap-I-fnse Im´m-f-Ω≥ tImhn-en¬ Ipsd I≈-∑m¿ HØp-Iq-Sn.Im´m-f-Ω≥ tImhn-ense \n[n FSp-°m-\m-Wv Ah-cpsS ]pd-∏m-Sv. AXn\v Imh¬\nev°p-∂Xv qX-ß-fm-Wv. Ah¿ ajn-bn´p t\m°n. qX-ßƒ°v Nne _en-Iƒ \¬I-Ww. F∂m¬ Imfn°v H≥]-Xp-amkw K¿ -ap≈ Hcp s]Æn-s\-Øs∂ (\n-d-iqen ˛]q¿Æ-K¿`n-Wn) _en \¬I-Ww. \n[n ssI°-em-°m≥ CX-√msX a‰p am¿§-ß-fn-√. F∂m¬ \nd-iqenbmb Hcp s]Æns\ FhnsS In´pw? ho≠pw ajn-bn´p t\m°n-b-t∏mƒ Ah¿ s]m∂n-d-Øm-fns\ ImWp∂p.

I≈-∑m¿ \nd-iq-en-bmb s]Æns\ tXSn \S-°p∂ ka-bØv Im´m-f-Ω≥ tImhn-ense ]qPm-cnbpw s]m∂n-d-Øm-fns\ ImWp-∂p. Ah-fpsS Ahÿ I≠ ]qPmcnAh-fpsS IY-I-sf√mw tNmZn®p a\- n-em-°p-∂p. Im´m-f-Ω≥ tImhn-en¬ ]qP-I-gn™p Xncn-sI-sb-Øn-bm-ep-S≥ Xm≥ s]m∂n-d-Øm-fns\ Ah-fpsS hoń¬ sIm≠psN∂m°mw F∂p kam-[m-\n-∏n®p Abmƒ \S-∂p.

s]m∂n-d-Øm-fns\ B¬®p-h- n¬Øs∂ \n¿Øn-bn´p Im´m-f-Ω≥ tImhn-en-se-Ønb ]qPmcn I≈-∑msc I≠p-ap- p-∂p. \n[n-sb-Sp-°m≥ klm-bn-®m¬ (Ggp InSmcw\ndsb \n[n-bp-≠-hn-sS) AXn¬ ]mXn ]¶p-X-cm-sa∂v Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂p. CXp-tI´]qPmcn s]m∂n-d-Ømƒ \n¬°p∂ ÿew Ah¿°v ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-Øp.



s]m∂n-d-Øm-fns\ kao-]n® I≈-∑m¿ Ahsf hoń¬ sIm≠p-sN-∂m°mw F∂p]d™p Iqń-s°m-≠p-t]m-bn. BZy-sams° Nne h¿Ø-am-\-ßƒ ]d-™v, HcptZmlhpw sNøm-sX-bmWv Ah¿ Ah-sf sIm≠p-t]m-b-Xv. F∂m¬ Ipsd Ign-™-t∏mƒ B I≈-∑m-cpsS a´p amdn. Ah¿ s]m∂n-d-Øm-fns\ D]-Z-hn-®p-Xp-S-ßn.

Zml-Pew tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ Ah¿ Ipcp-tØme sIń Ahƒ°v Fcn-hp≈ \o¿sImSp-Øp. apdp-°m≥ tNmZn-®-]-t∏mƒ Bs -cpXpw (B- n≥]-gp-°) Bew Xfn¿sh-‰n-ebpw sImSp-Øp. s]m∂n-d-Ømƒ Ah-tcmSv ]pfn-b¶m thW-sa∂v ]d-™p. (K¿`n-Wn-Iƒ°v ]pfn-b¶m CjvS-am-W-t√m) CXp tI´v alm-]m-]n-bmb Hcp I≈≥ ]pfn-¶ºv shń Ahsf ASn-®p. Cßs\ tZml-ßƒ kln-°m-Xm-b-t∏mƒ Xs∂ tZmln-°m-Xn-cn-°p-IbmsW¶n¬ Hcp]Imcw sNøm-sa∂v Ahƒ ]d-bp-∂p.

F≥h-b-‰n¬ sN\nØ K¿`w Ct∏m-tg\w Cus‚-Sp-Øm≥B¨]m-e¿ Cus‚-Sp-Øm¬ D¶-fpS t]cn-Sp-th≥s]¨]mssh Cus‚-Sp-Øm¬ D¶ƒ s]©mXn t]cp-Sp-th≥ ˛ Xm≥ ]k-hn-

°p∂ Ip™v BWm-sW-¶n¬ I≈-∑m-cn¬ Hcm-fpsS t]cnSmw; s]Æm-sW-¶n¬ Ah-cpsS s]ß-∑m-cn¬ Hcm-fpsS t]cnSmw; Xs∂ D]-Z-hn-°msX hnSWw F∂mWv s]m∂n-d-Ømƒ ]d™-Xv.

F∂m¬ B Incm-X-∑m¿ Ah-fp-sS A`y¿∞\ sNhn-s°m-≠n-√. Ah¿ Ahsfhen-®n-g-®p-sIm-≠p-t]mbn Im´m-f-Ω≥ tImhn-en¬ \n[n-bn-cn-°p∂ Icp-h-e-Øns‚aosX ]nSn-®p-sI- n-h-®p. Ah-fpsS apºn¬ BSn-s\bpw ]∂n-tbbpw a‰pw _en-I-gn-®p. AXn-\p-tijw Hcmƒ h∂v hmsf-SpØv s]m∂n-d-Øm-fns\ sh´m-t\m-ßn. F∂m¬Ah-fpsS AgIv I≠v kln-°msX Ah≥ ]n≥hm-ßn. Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cmbn Ahsf_en-I-gn-°m≥ ian-s®-¶nepw Ah-fpsS AgIv Ahsc B DZy-a-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]n¥n-cn-∏n-®p. ]t£ Cu _en \S-°msX \n[n-sb-Sp-°m-\m-hn-√-t√m. AXp-sIm≠v Hcp-h≥ss[cy-]q¿∆w IÆp-sIń h∂v hmsf-SpØv s]m∂n-d-Øm-fns‚ hb¿ ]nf¿∂p. Ah-ƒ Ah-s\bpw Ahs‚ hwi-tØbpw \mSn-s\-bpw i]n-®p.

“IS-b-Øq-cm≥ tIfms\ t]mbp-h-¥m¬....D¥-In-fbpw apSn-bp-saSm D∂msW IS-b-Øq-cm≥” \mSp sh¥p-sh-Æo-dm-Ip-sa∂v

s]m∂n-d-Øm-ƒ i]n-®p.I≈-∑m¿ s]m∂n-d-Øm-fns‚ hb¿ ]nf¿∂v Ipńsb ]pd-sØ-SpØp _en \¬In,

\n[n FSp-Øp. ]n∂oSh¿ AXv ]¶p-h-bv°p∂ Xnc-°n-em-bn. \n[n IrXy-ambn hoXn-°-W-sa∂ A`n-]mbw h∂p.

\n[n Af-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn Hcp apf-\mgn kwL-Sn-∏n-°-Ww. Ah¿ apf-sh- m-\mbnapf-¶m- n¬ Ib-dn. B ka-bØv apf-¶m- n¬ \n∂v ISp-hbpw ]penbpw a‰pw Cdßnh∂v I≈-∑msc hI-h-cp-Øn. Im´m-f-Ω≥ `K-h-Xn-bpsS B⁄ A\p-k-cn®v `qX-K-W-ßƒ \n[n-sb√mw XncnsI FSp-Øp-h-®p. F∂m¬ s]m∂n-d-Øm-fn-s‚bpw Ipń-bp-sSbpw ico-c-ßƒ tNmc-bn¬ Ipfn-®p-In-S-∂p.

Np\-bn¬ \ocm-Sm≥ t]mb s]m∂n-d-Øm-fns\ ImWm™v Ah-fpsS A∏\pwAΩbpw A©v AÆ-∑mcpw ¿Ømhpw tXSn-bn-d-ßn. Ch-sc-°q-SmsX ASpØ _‘p-°fpw Ab¬]-°-°mcpw s]m∂n-d-Øm-fns\ Xnc-bm≥Iq-Sn.

s]m∂n-dsØ XI-∏-\mcpw s]m∂n-dsØ XmbmcpwAÆ-∑m¿ Abvt]cpw ame-bn´ aW-hm-f\pwASp-Ø-t]cpw tNI-c-ambv G¥n-gsb tXSp-hmcmwImńepw tań-ep-sa√mw At\z-jn® Ah¿ Im´m-f-Ω≥ tImhn-en¬ Hcp Igp-I≥

h -an´p ]d-°p-∂Xv I≠p. B Zn°p e£y-am°n sN∂p. Bscbpw sRń-∏n-°p∂ImgvN-bm-bn-cp∂p AhnsS Ah¿ I≠-Xv. tNmc-bn¬ Ipfn-®p-In-S-°p∂ s]m∂n-d-ØmfpwIpń-bpw.



s]m∂n-d-Øm-fns‚ Xmbm¿ (A-Ω) s]m∑mcn s\©-Ø-Sn®p \ne-hn-f-®p. Ah-fpsS XI∏-\m¿ (]n-Xm-hv) Xe-X√n acn-®p. ¿Ømhv Ip™ns\ Iøn-se-SpØp Npw_n-®-tijw Xe-shń acn-®p. Bß-f-am¿ A©p-t]cpw hmfp-sIm≠v kzbw shń acn-®p.D‰-hcpw DS-b-hcpw Ab¬]-°-°mcpw F√mw-IqSn sXmÆq‰n H≥]Xp ih-i-co-c-ßƒAhnsS hoWp. F√m-hcpw Bfl-lXy sNbvXp.

acn-®-h-sc√mw inh-temIw ]qIn. lc-t\-hcw Xmtbm F∂v Bflm-°ƒ ]m¿∞n-®p. Cu sImSpw-]m-XIw sNbvX-h-tcmSv ]Xn-Imcw sNøm-\p≈ hc-amWv Ah¿ Bh-iy-s∏- -Xv. a[p-cm-\-Kcw apgp-h≥ Nps -cn-°m-\p≈ hcw Ah¿ Bh-iy-s∏- p. AX-\p-k-cn®v `qX-K-W-ßƒ F√mw-IqSn h∂v a[p-cm-\-KcØn¬ h≥\miw hnX-®p. amS\pwadp-Xbpw b£nbpw ]nimNpw F√mw IqSn FØn B \mSp apgps° òXn ]S¿Øn.

\mń-emsI kwlm-c-Xm-WvU-h-am-Sn-bXv GXp i‡n-bpsS hnf-bm- -amWv ? sshI-∏m≠n a∂v# BsI A¶-em-∏n-em-bn. cmPmhv tPym’ys\ hnfn-°m≥ Bf-b-®p.tPym’y≥ FØn. Abmƒ ]iv\w h®p t\m°n-b-t∏mƒ s]m∂n-d-Øm-fns\ ad-h-∑m¿ _en sImSp-Ø-XmWv \mń-emsI \miw hcm≥ ImcWw F∂p I≠p. ZpjvS-]n-im-Np-°ƒ ho≠pw c‡-Øn-\mbn Zmln-°p-∂p. CXn-\v, X°-Xmb Hcp a¥-hm-ZnsbhcpØn Zmln-°p-∂p. CXn-\v, X°-Xmb Hcp a¥-hm-Znsb hcpØn, a¥-h-hmZw\SØn _m[-sbm-gn-∏n-°p-I-bmWv GI t]mwh-gn.

tPym’y≥ \n¿t±-in-®-X-\p-k-cn®v a¥-th-es\ hcp-Øm≥ cmPmhv Bf-b-®p.a¥-th-e≥ FØn. H∏w N¶p-th-e≥, Cf-th-e≥, N∏mWn, aqØ-th-e≥, \mK-∏-≈n,Ipd-Øn, a°ƒ, \mem-dp-th-ev\-am¿ F∂n-hcpw D≠v. a¥-th-e≥ a¥-hm-Z-Øn-\p≈\o≠ Nm¿Øp sImSp-Øp. AX-\p-k-cn-®p≈ km[-\-km-a-Kn-I-sf√mw Hcp°n a¥-hmZw XpS-ßn. (a-¥-hm-Z-Øn\v BZyw the≥ \n¿t±-in® Nm¿Ønse tIm∏p-IƒHcp-°m≥ _p≤n-ap- p-≈-h-bm-Wv. Fßpw In´mØ km[-\-ßƒ. cmPm-hns‚ Iev]-\-]Imcw \mń¬ In´m-hp∂ kma-Kn-IƒsIm≠v the≥ as‰mcp Nm¿Øv Ipdn-®p.)

the≥ a¥-hmZw XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ the-Ønbpw Nne ]tbm-K-ßƒ Bcw- n-®p.Ah-fpsS a¥-hnZy ên-®p. thes‚ hnZy s]mfn-™p. `qX-K-W-ß-sf√mw ]nim-Np-°fpw thes\ th -bm≥ XpS-ßn.

HSp-hn¬ theØn Xs∂ Nne s]mSn-ss°-Iƒ ]tbm-Kn®v ]nim-Np-°sf IpS-Øn-e-S®p; cmPm-hns‚ apºn¬h-®p. F∂m¬ cmPmhv hniz-kn-®n-√. hniz-kn-°m-\mbnsXfnhv Fs¥-¶nepw thWw. N¥-bn¬ \n∂ B¬acw \n∂-\n¬]n¬ adn-™p-ho-Wp.

theØn _m[-Isf ]nSn-®p-sI- n-sb∂v cmPm-hn\v t_m[y-am-bn. C\n, sNbvX ]m]-Øn\v ]cn-lmcw \n¿t±-in-°m≥ cmPmhv Bh-iy-s∏- p. theØn ]cn-lmcw \n¿t±-in-®p.s]m∂n-d-Ømƒ acn-®p. hoWn-SØv Hcp ]pXnb t£Xw ]Wn-bp-I. AhnsS s]m∂n-d-Øm-fns‚ hnK-lw ]Xn-jvTn-°p-I.

cmPm-hns‚ (ssh-I-∏m≠n a∂≥) t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ tXmc-W-am-aebn¬ Hcp at\m-l-c-t£Xw ]Wn-I-gn-∏n-®p. AhnsS ]Xn-jvTbpw \S-Øn. Aßs\ \mSns‚ _m[-I-sf√mw Hgn-™p.

HtX\\pw HmW∏pShbpwtIcfØnse \mtSmSnKm\kmlnXyØnse G‰hpw kº∂amb imJbmWv

hS°≥]m´pIƒ. hSs°ae_mdnse hoc\mbIcqsS A]Zm\Io¿Ø\ßfmWhbn¬ A[nIhpw. ]Xn\©mw \q‰≠p apX¬s°¶nepap≈ hS°≥]m´pIƒ I≠pInńbn´p≠v. Ccp]Xmw \q‰m≠n¬t∏mepw hS°≥ ]m´pIƒD≠mbn´pap≠v. ]m´pIsf ImØpkq£n®pt]m∂ Iq´mbvabpsS LS\bv°v]dbØ° am‰sam∂pw D≠mImØXmhmw B kmlnXyimJ C∂pw Poht\msS\n¬°p∂Xns‚ ImcWw.



hS°≥]m´pIsf ][m\ambpw aq∂p hn`mKßfmbnØncn°mw.]pØqcwho´pImcpsS IY ]dbp∂ ]pØqcw]m´pIƒ, Xt®mfn∏m´pIƒ, Cu c≠pKWØnepw s]SmØ H‰sbm‰ IYIƒ. Chbv°v hS°≥]m´pIƒ F∂ t]cvFßs\ h∂psh∂p hy‡a√. DØcae_mdnse ]m´pIƒ F∂ A¿∞Øn¬sX°p≈h¿ hnfn®mXmhmw. GXmbmepw Cu A`n[m\w XmcXtay\B[p\nIamWv. CXpt]mse tIcfØns‚ sX°≥ Pn√Ifn¬ ]NmcØn≈]m´pIsf (DZm:s]m∂ndØmƒ IY, Cchn°pń∏n≈t∏mcv XpSßnbh) sX°≥]m´pIsf∂pw a[yXncphnXmwIqdnen≈ ]m´pIsf CS\mS≥ ]m´pIsf∂pwhnfn°p∂p.

hSs°ae_mdns‚ BNmcm\pjvTm\ßfpw ^yqU¬`cWIahpwBtbm[\]mcºcyhpw hnhn[ PmXnIƒ XΩnep≈ _‘ßfpwA‘hnizmkßfpsa√mw hS°≥]mń¬ ]Xnên°p∂p. Zp¿_eambtIµ`cWhpw \mS≥ ]`p°∑mcpsS ta¬t°mbvabpamWv s]Xpth I≠phcp∂Xv.Iøq°p≈h≥ Imcy°mc≥ F∂ Ahÿ. ]iv\ßƒ tImSXntem cmPk`bntemh®p Xo¿°pIb√, AØcw kanXnIfpsS A`mhwsIm≠pIqSnbmhmw, ‘ASn®pXo¿°pI’bmWp ]Xnhv. CXn\p ]e L´ßfpw coXnIfpap≠v. tImgnt∏mcp \SØnAXn¬ hnPbn°p∂ tImgnsb ‘kvt]m¨k¿’ sNøp∂bmƒ hnPbn®Xmbn]Jy]n°∂ HcpXcw ]XoImflIamb bp≤w Hcp coXn . ]cmXn°m¿ t\cnt´‰papń,c≠nsemcmƒ acn°p∂Xphsc A¶wsh´m≥ ]bmkap≈h¿°pth≠n Iqen°p]Ssh´m≥ Xømdn≈ A`ymknIfp≠v AhcmWv A¶t®Ih∑m¿. tImgnb¶Øn\p]Icw Bf¶w. Pbn°p∂ Bfns‚ ]£w X¿°Ønepw Pbn®Xmbn IcpXp∂hnNnX \oXn. tNmZn°m\pw ]dbm\pw \mń¬ Bfn√mØXpsIm≠v, IqSpX¬IcpØ≥ ]amWnbmbn AwKoIcn°s∏´p. Cu ]maWyw Bsc¶nepwAwKoIcn°msX h∂m¬ DS≥ hmsfSp°pw. \n mcamb X¿°ßƒt]mepwhmƒØebv°emWp Iemin°pI.

hmsagnbmbn \ne\n∂pt]m∂hbmWp \mS≥∏m´pIƒ. hS°≥]m´pIfpwAßs\Xs∂. hnhmlw, Iyjn∏Wn XpSßnb Ahkcßfn¬ kvXnIfmWo]m´pIƒ ]mSmdv. Rmdp \Sptºmƒ ]mSp∂ ]mńs\ ‘\mń∏m´v’ F∂p hnhmlØn\vIdnbv°cnbptºmƒ ]mSp∂ ]mń\v Achp]m´v F∂pw ]dbp∂p. Hcmƒ ]mSpwa‰≈h¿ G‰p]mSpw. Cßs\ ]mSn∏mSn XeapdIƒ ssIamdptºmƒ ]gb ]ehcnIfpw \„s∏s´∂pw ]pXnb hcnIƒ IS∂psh∂pw hcmw. Hcp ]pXnb IYXs∂cq]s∏´p sh∂phcmw. B¿°pw ]mSmhp∂ CuWamWnhbv°p≈Xv.

“amthen \mSphmWnSpw Imewam\pjsc√mcpsam∂pt]mse” F∂ amthen∏m´v hS°≥]mńs‚

CuWØnep≈XmWv. hS°≥]m´p ]Ncn® Zn°n¬Øs∂ cq]w sIm≠IyjvWKmYbpsS hyØcoXn°p hS°≥]m´pIfpambn _‘ap≠v.

“B‰pw aWtase DÆnbm¿®DuWpw Ign™pd°ambn.” CXmWt√m hS°≥]mńs‚ coXn.‘B‰pw aWtΩse, B‰pw aWtΩseB‰pw aWtΩse DÆnbm¿® .”

F∂m°nbm¬ IrjvWKmYmcoXnbmbn. hS°≥]mńs‚ c≠phcnbnepw 10 A£cwhoXw. IrjvWKmYbn¬ 12, 10 F∂ hyXymkw amXw.

Xt®mfn∏m´pIƒhSIcbv°SpØ ]pXp∏Ww AwiØn¬s∏´ ta∏bn¬ tZiØmWp Xt®mfn

amWnt°mØp XdhmSv. B XdhmSpambn _‘s∏´ aq∂p Xeapdbn¬s∏´hcpsSIYIfmWp Xt®mfn∏m´pIfnse ]Xn]mZyw. Xt®mfnØdhmń¬s∏´ Ipº F∂kvXnsb Iqtemw hmgp∂h¿ AYhm No\whoń¬ Xßƒ hnhmlw Ign®p.



AXnep≠mb ]pX\mWp Xt®mfn HmtX\≥. ap∏Ønc≠p hb phsc amXwPohn®ncp∂ HtX\s\∏‰n Hs´sd ]m´pIƒ \nehnep≠v. Hcp kw`hsØ∏‰nH∂ne[nIw BJym\ßƒ Ds≠∂XmWv ckIcw. Nneh ]ckv]chncp≤wt]mepamImdp≠v. HtX\≥ ]cnlmky\mbn NnXnIcn°s∏Sp∂ IYIfpap≠v. hSIc`mKØp≠mb IYIfn¬ HtX\≥ hoc]pcpj\mbn NnXoIcn°s∏Sptºmƒ aXneq¿Kpcp°fpsS \mSmb Xet»cnbn¬ HtX\s\ ]cnlkn°p∂ IYIfpap≠v.

1585¬ P\n®v 32˛mw hb n¬ acn®psh∂p IcpXs∏Sp∂ HtX\≥ Xet»cnbnsesh≈°mcpambn G‰pap´p∂ IYIƒ hsc ]NmcØnep≠v. NcnXbp‡nsbbpwAXnPohn®v \mS≥hmMvabßfn¬ Gsd°mepw \mbIXzw hln®p\n∂IYm]mXamWv HtX\≥ F∂v CXp sXfnbn°p∂p.

HtX\\pw HmW∏pShbpwHtX\≥ HmW∏pSh hmßm≥ t]mb IYsb∏‰n hyXykvX BJym\ßfp≠v.

Hcp IY C]ImcamWv. HmWØn\p Ipfn®pÆm≥ A—s‚ hoSmb No\whoń¬t]mIWsa∂v HtX\≥ tPyjvTt\mSp ]d™p. t]mI≠ F∂p tPyjvT≥ ]d™psh¶nepw HtX\≥ Nm∏s\ Iqńt∏mhpIXs∂ sNbvXp.

B\°gptØmfw Acnbpw Hcp ]pcbpsS DbcØn¬ ap≠pw AhnsS Iqńbnń´ph∂h¿°p hnXcWw sNøpIbmbncp∂p. HSphn¬ CSßgn Acnbpw Hcp ap≠pwamXw tijn®p. AXv HtX\\p \¬In. HtX\≥ AXp hens®dn™p. hmgp∂h¿°ptIm]w h∂p. HtX\s‚ AΩbpsS t]XØns‚ ieyw ImcWw Xs‚ `mcybv°pwIpńIƒ°pw `£Ww Ign®pIqSmØ\nebmsW∂bmƒ ]d™p. \√ `£WwIgn®p ioean√mØh¿°v AXp Ign®m¬ Ipg∏ap≠mIpsa∂v HtX\≥ Xncn®Sn®p.Cßs\ kwkmcn®p \n¬s°, hmgp∂hcpsS `mcybv°pw a°ƒ°pw t]X_m[XpSßn. HtX\≥ Nncn®p sIm≠p hońte°p aSßn.

as‰mcp IYbn¬ c≠p XdhmSpIfpw D≈XImew No\w hoń¬\n∂vXt®mfn°m¿°v HmW∏pSh sImSpØpsIm≈msa∂v DSºSn sNbvXtijw]pShbpambn HtX\≥ aSßn F∂mWv ImWp∂Xv. ]mTy-`mK]Imcap≈ IYCßs\ bmWv.

HtX\s‚ AΩbmb D∏mń hntijs∏´ B`cWßfpw ]´phkvXßfpaWn™v temI\m¿°mhn¬ sXmgm≥ t]mbn. KhXn apSnh®ndßp∂ t\cambncp∂pAXv. k¿∆mwKkpµcnbmb D∏mńsb `KhXn I≠p. Ahsf Xt∂mSptN¿°Wsa∂v `KhXn BKln®p. D∏mń tNmc O¿±n®p acn®p.acWhm¿Øbdn™v HtX\\pw tIma°pdp∏pw t£XØnseØn. AΩbpsS ihwFSp∏n®v Xt®mfnta∏bn¬ XdhmńseØn®p. ihZmlØn\ptijw km[p°ƒ°vA∂ hkvXmZnIƒ Zm\w sNbvXp.

HmW°meambt∏mƒ A—\mb No\whoń¬ Xßsf°≠v AhImiw hmßm≥HtX\≥ ]pds∏´p. AΩ acn®tijw BZyambn t]mhpIbmWv. Xßƒ tImembn¬Øs∂ Ccn°p∂p≠mbncp∂p. “HtX\mh∂hgn°v Ccn°q” Abmƒ ]d™p.“ht∂Sw t]mbn, acn®pt]mbXm ˛ Rms\m‰t°bp≈q” HtX\≥ adp]Sn ]d™p.At∏mƒ “NnØncØqW”v Xs‚ hońep≠v. AXn\m¬ ChnSpsØ XqWp ]nSnt°≠Bhiyans√∂p HtX\≥ adp]Sn ]d™p. At∏mƒ ‘Ddpanbpw ]nSn®ncn°v F∂mbnXßƒ. Ddpan Ccn°m\p≈X√∂pw Iøn¬∏nSn°v\p≈XmsW∂pambncp∂pHtX\s‚ adp]Sn.(HtX\\pw Xßfpw At\ym\yw hmIv∏b‰p\SØn F∂mWv CuBJym\ Øns‚ A¿∞w).

B\°gptØmfw Acnbpw Hcp ]pcbpsS s]m°Øn¬ XpWnbpw Iqńbn´phnXcWw sNøpIbmbncp∂p. HtX\s‚ Dugambt∏mƒ tijn®Xp \m\mgn AcnbpwHcp ap≠pw amXw. Acniw h∂ HtX\≥ XpWn I≠w Xp≠am°n NnØncØqWn¬sIńh®p. Acnhmcn Fdn™pIfbpIbpw sNbvXp.



CXbpambt∏mƒ Xßƒ°p tIm]w h∂p. Abmƒ Aedn. “Xt®mfn HtX\mFSm \mtb, \o F∂mSm CX tIa\mbXv? Rm≥ \ns‚ AΩsb kw_‘wHgn™Xn\ptijamWv Ahƒ temI\m¿°mhn¬ h®v tNmc O¿±n®p acn®Xv.F∂n´pw ihw FSp∏n®p adhp sNbvXXp Rm\t√Sm. \obX hº\mbncps∂¶n¬AXns\ms° Rm≥ thWambncpt∂mSm. \ns‚ AΩsb Dt]£n®tijw Rm≥as‰mcp I√ymWw Ign®p. AXn¬ A©mdpa°fpw D≠v. Ahƒ°pw AhfpsSa°ƒ°pw Fs¥¶nepw \√ km[\ßƒ sImSp°m≥ \ns‚ AΩ D∏mńkΩXn°ptam? AhfpsS t]Xw _m[n®pIgn™m¬ Blmcw Ign°m≥ IqSnAh¿°p km[n°p∂n√. AXpsIm≠v Rm≥ H∂p Xo¿®bm°nbncn°p∂p. Ahsfa¥w P]n®v Cf\o¿sXm≠nem°n ISensednbm≥ t]mIp∂p. \ns‚ hºØcwRm≥ H∂p ImWs´.” AXn\p adp]Snbmbn HtX\≥ Cßs\ ]d™p. “FSmNo\whońse s]cp¶≈m \o F¥n\mSm Ifhp]dbp∂Xv. \ns‚ X≈ O¿±yXnkmcwh∂p NØt∏mƒ Rm\pw Fs‚ tPyjvT\pw IqSnbt√ ]peb¿°p I≈p sImSpØpIS∏pdØp sIm≠pt]mbn Ipgn®n´Xv? \o ]peb¿°p I≈psImSpØn√.km[p°ƒ°p [¿Ω°™n sImSp°pI IqSn sNbvXn√.”

CubhkcØn¬ D∏mńbpsS t]Xw hmgp∂hcpsS `mcysbbpw a°sfbpw_m[°m≥ XpSßn. Fßpw Aeapdbmbn. t]Xw _m[n®h¿hoń¬\n∂ndßntbmSn. hmgpt∂m¿ h√sX `bs∏´pt]mbn. Abmƒ hoSp]qńbn´vHmSnt∏mbn. CsXms° I≠ HtX\\p Nncn h∂p. Abmƒ kz¥w hońte°paSßnt∏mcnIbpw sNbvXp.



samUypƒ 2

kwL-Ime Ihn-X-Iƒ

tNc -tNm-f- -]mWvUy cmPy-ßƒ Dƒs∏- n-cp∂ ]mNo-\-X-an-g-IØp cNn-°-s∏´Xan-gnse BZy-ImeIrXn-I-sf-bmWv kwL-km-lnXyw F∂p s]mXpsh ]d-bp-∂-Xv.-AYhm Ct∏m-gsØ tIc-fhpw Xan-gv\mSpw I¿Wm-S-I-Øn-sebpw B‘-bn-sebpwGXm\pw `mK-ßfpw tN¿∂v Hscm‰ Xan-gIw B-bn-cp∂ ImeØv cNn-°-s∏- -h-bmWvCh.I-hn-I-fpsS kaq-l-amWv kwLw. ]mNo-\-Im-eØv aq∂p kwL-ßƒ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂Xmbn ImWp-∂p.BZysØ kwL-am-bn-cp∂ apX¿®¶w (ap-X¬ kwLw) sX≥a[pc F∂ \K-c-Øn¬ Bbn-cp-∂p. 549 ]WvUn-X-∑m¿(]p-e-h¿) Cu kwL-Øn¬AwK-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. AI-Ønbw F∂ hymI-c-W- -km-lnXy e£-W-K-Ÿ-am-bn-cp∂pCu kwL-Øn\p ]am-W-am-bn-cp-∂-Xv.4440 h¿jw Cu kwLw \ne-\n-∂p-sh∂p ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu kwL-Øns‚ Ime-Øp-≠mb IrXn-Iƒ H∂pw I≠p-In-´n-bn-´n-√.F.Un HºXmw \q‰m-≠n¬ Fgp-X-s∏´ Cssd-b-\m¿ AI-s∏m-cpƒ F∂ kmln-Xy-e-£-W-K-Ÿ-Øn\v \°o-c≥ Fgp-Xnb hymJym-\-Øn-emWv Cu kwL-tØ-∏‰n ]d-™p-Im-Wp-∂-Xv. CssS-®¶w F∂mWp c≠mw kwLsØ hnti-jn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.59 ]WvUn-X∑m¿ Cu kwLØn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu kwL-Øns‚ ]cntim[\bv°v3700 Ihn-Iƒ cN-\-Iƒ ka¿∏n®n-cp-∂p.-A-I-Øn-bhpw sXm¬°m-∏n-bhpw Cu kwL-Øn\p ]am-W-K-Ÿ-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p.aq∂mw kwL-amWv IssS-®-¶w. 49 ]mWvUy cmPm-°∑m¿ IssS-®-¶-Øn\p kwc-£Ww \¬In.1850 h¿j-°mew kwLw \ne-\n-∂p.Cuaq∂mw kwLw ]cn-tim-[n®v AwKo-I-cn-®-h-bmWv kwL-km-lnXyw F∂ t]cn¬Ct∏mƒ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ 36 IrXn-Iƒ. F.Un 100 apX¬ 350 hsc-bp≈ Ime-Øn-te-XmWv kwL-km-ln-Xy-Ønse ][m-\-Ir-Xn-Iƒ.

kwL-ßƒ cmP-k-Z- p-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p.-A-Xnse AwK-ß-fmb ]pe-h-∑m¿ kz¥-ambn IrXn-Iƒ cNn-®p.kwL-∏-e-I-bn-en-cp∂v(]o-Tw) Ah¿ ka-Im-en-I-cmb a‰p]WvUn-X-∑m-cpsS IrXn-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n®v anI-th-dn-b-hsb ]pI-gvØpI ]Xn-hm-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp-Im-eØv Xan-g-I-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂ kmwkvIm-cn-Im-`n-hr-≤n°p sXfn-hmWvkwLw kmln-Xyw. ae-bmfw kzX-¥- m-j-bmbn cq]-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\p apºmWv Xan-g-I-Øns‚ ¢mkn-°p-I-fmb kwLw IrXn-I-fpsS cN-\.-kw-L-Im-e-I-hn-I-fn¬ ]ecpwtIc-fo-b-cm-bn-cp-∂p. A°m-eØp tIc-f-Øn-s‚bpw kmln-Xy-`mj sN¥-an-gm-bn-cp-∂p.

kwLw IrXn-Isf s]mXp-hn¬ AIw Ihn-X-Iƒ ]pdw-I-hn-X-Iƒ F∂p c≠mbnhn`-Pn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. AIw Ihn-X-Iƒ s]mXpsh Bfl-]-c-ßfpw ]pdw Ihn-X-IƒhkvXp-]-c-ß-fp-am-sW∂p kmam-\y-am-bn-∏-d-bmw. AIw Ihn-X-Iƒ ]mtbW t]a-I-hn-X-Ifpw ]pdw Ihn-X-Iƒ hoc-N-cn-X-ß-fp-am-Wv.-GXp ImeØpw GXp tZiØpwBscbpw BI¿jn-°p∂ kvXo˛-]p-cpj t]a-amWv AIw IhnXbv°p hnj-bw.]tXy-I-ÿ-e-ß-f√, ]Ir-Xn-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-I-fmWv Ahbv°p ]›m-Ø-ew.F∂m¬ ]pdw Ihn-X-bpsS \ne CXn\p hn]-co-X-am-Wv.-cm-Pm-°-∑m-cpsS ]Xm-ss]-iz-cy-ßfpw hotcXnlmk-ßfpw ]S-\m-b-I∑mcpsS arXnbpw Ihn-I-fpsS Zmcn-Zy-hp-sa√mw]pdw Ihn-Xbv°p kzoIm-cy-amb hnj-b-ß-fm-Wv. IYm-]m-X-ß-fpsS t]cp-Ifpw ÿe-ß-fp-sa√mw Ah-bn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-X-am-bn-cn°pw.

AIw Ihn-X-Iƒ



]Xo-Im-fl-IX AIw Ihn-X-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. hnc-lw,- kw-tbm-Kw,-hn-hm-l-]q¿∆- -hn-hm-lm-\-¥c t]aw F∂n-h-sbms° Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ AIw IhnX]tXy-I-cw-K-ßƒ ]›m-Ø-e-ambn kzoI-cn-°p-∂p. ÿe-ßsf apss√, Ipdn-©n,acp-Xw, s\bvX¬, ]msse F∂n-ßs\ hn`-Pn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Hmtcm ÿe-Øn\pwAXn-t‚-Xmb Hcp tZh-Xbpw B ÿe-Øns‚ kz`mhw kqNn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp ]pjv]hpwD≠mbncn°pw. t]a-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-amb GsX-¶nepw Hcp `mhsØ Hmtcm]pjv]hpw ]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂p. Hmtcm ]tZ-i-Øn\pw khn-ti-j-amb Imem-h-ÿ-bp-ap-≠v.

kwL-Ir-Xn-I-fmbn 2381 Imhy-ß-fmWp I≠p-In- nbn- p-≈Xv. Ch-bn¬ 1862 FÆwAIw hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏Sp-∂p. t]cn¬ AIw F∂ apZ tN¿∂n- p-≈Xv AI-\m-\q-dn¬amX-am-Wv. F¶nepw Xmsg-s°m-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-h-sb√mw AIw Ihn-X-I-fm-Wv.

AI-\m-\qdv ˛400

\‰n-ssW˛ 400

Ipdps¥mssI ˛ 401

sF¶p-dp-\qdv ˛ 500

Ien-sØmssI ˛ 149

]cn-]m-S¬ ˛ 8

]Øp-∏m´v ˛ 4

AI-\m-\q-dnse Ihn-X-Iƒ kam-l-cn-®Xv Dcp-Øn-c-N-Ω≥(cpZ i¿Ω) BsW∂pIcp-Xp-∂p. Ihn-X-I-fpsS sXc-s™-Sp∏pw Ia-h-XvI-c-Whpw Akm-[m-cWXc-Øn-ep-≈-Xm-Wv. Ihn-Xbv°p ]tXyI io¿j-I-ß-fn-√. ]IrXnZriy-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ kmt¶-Xn-I-\maw BWv Xe-s°- mbn sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

]msse˛ H∂n-S-hn´v H‰-kwJy hcp∂ Ihn-X-Iƒ

s\bvX¬ ˛ ]Øp-Iƒ (10,20,30...)

apss√ ˛ 4 tN¿∂p hcp-∂h

Ipdn©n ˛ 2, 8 F∂n-h-bn¬ Fh-km-\n-°p-∂h

acpXw ˛ 6 ¬ Ah-km-\n-°p-∂h

an° mj-I-fn-sebpw ¢mknIv IrXn-Iƒ aX-]-c-amb ]tabßƒ ssIImcyw sNøp-tºmƒ Xangv ¢mkn-°p-Iƒ atX-X-c-hn-j-b-ß-fmWp ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-Xv. AI-s]m-cp-fn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-X-am-bncn-°p∂ t]a-Øns‚ cq]-t -Z-ßsf \mb-I\p \mbn-I-tbm-Sp≈ _‘-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Cßs\ hn -Pn-°p-∂p.

1.kwt`mKw(]p-W¿X¬)

2.-hn-]-ew-`w(-]n-cn-X¬)

3.ImØn-cn-°¬(-C-cp-Ø¬)

4.-hn-em]w (C-c-¶¬)

5.-]-W-b-I-elw (DuS¬)

6.- ssI-°nssf (G-I-]-£o-bw )

7.- s]cp-¥n-ssW (_-em¬°m-cw)

hnhm-l-Øn\p apt∂-bp≈ t]asØ Ifhv F∂pw hnhm-lm-\-¥-c-ap-≈-Xns\ I¿∏vF∂pw ]d-bp-∂p. t]a-Øns‚ ]t`-Z-ßƒ°p ]›m-Ø-e-am-Ip∂ `q]-tZ-isØIpdn-©n, ap√, acp-Xw, s\bvX¬, ]me F∂o t]cp-I-fp≈ A©p XnW-I-fmbn hn -Pn-®n-´p-≈Xv Xangv kmln-Xy-k-t¶-X-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. aebpw ae-tbmSp



tN¿∂p≈ ÿe-hp-amWv Ipdn-©n-\n-ew. \mbnIm \mb-I-∑m¿°v A\p-cm-tKm-Z-b-ap-≠m-Ip-∂Xv Ipdn-©n-\n-eØp h®m-Wv. kwt`m-K-irw-Kmcw Ipdn-©n-Øn-ssW-bn-emWvImWp-∂-Xv. ImSpw ImSp-tN¿∂ CS-hp-amWv apss√ \new. `¿Øm-°-∑msc ]ncn™\mbn-I-am¿ Ahsc ImØn-cn-°p-∂Xv Chn-sS-bm-Wv. hbepw hb¬tN¿∂ CS-hp-amWv acp-X-\n-eØn¬ kvXoIƒ thiym-k-‡-cmb `¿Øm-°-∑m-cp-ambn Ie-ln-°p-∂p. IS¬°-c-bmWp s\bvX¬ \new. hnc-ln-Wn-bmb \mbnI X\n-®n-cp∂p hne-]n-°p-∂Xv ChnsS Ccp-∂m-Wv. hc≠p aW¬°m-Sm-bn-Øo¿∂ ]tZ-i-amWv ]me \new.ChnsS hnc-lsØ Hm¿Øv \mbn-I-am¿ ]pe-ºp-∂p. CØcw kt¶-X-ßsf temI-hy-h-lm-c-Øn¬(De-In-b¬ hg-°v) \n∂p hyXy-kvX-ambn \mS-I-h-g°v F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. kwL-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ De-In-b¬ hg-°n-t\-°mƒ ]m[m\yw an°-t∏mgpw \mS-I-h-g-°n-\m-Wv.Hmtcm XnW-bp-sSbpw ]Xn-t\gp LS-I-ßƒ (s]m-cp-fp-Iƒ)e£-W-K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ sht∆sd \n¿t±-in-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. A©v hyXykvX `q]-tZ-i-ß-sfbpwAhbv°v Hmtcm-∂n\pw Iev]n-°-s∏´ hyh-lm-c-k-hn-ti-j-X-I-sfbpw s]mXpsh XnWF∂ hm°v Ipdn-°p-∂p.]pdw Ihn-X-Iƒ

[¿Ωm¿∞ Ima-tam-£-ßsf ]c-a-]p-cp-jm¿∞-ß-fmbn Xan-gcpw AwKo-I-cn-®n-cp-∂p.-[¿Ωw,A¿∞w,-Imaw,tam£w F∂n-h-bn¬ Imaw AI-s∏m-cp-fnepw a‰p-≈haq∂pw ]pd-s∏m-cp-fnepw ]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.bp≤-ho-cw,-Z-bm-ho-cw, Zm\-ho-cw, [¿Ω-hocw F∂n-h-bmWv ]pd-s∏m-cp-fn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ggp XnssW-Iƒ Cu s]mcp-fn-\p-≠v. shSvNn, h©n, Dgn-ssR, Xpssº, hmssI, Im©n, ]mSm¨ F∂n-h-bm-W-h. ac-ß-fp-sSbpw sNSn-I-fp-sSbpw t]cp-Iƒ Xs∂-bmWv Cu XnW-Iƒ°pw.-Xn-W-Iƒ Hmtcm-∂n\pw ]e Xpd-Iƒ(-k-µ¿ -ßƒ) \n¿t±-in-°-s∏- n- p-≠v. shSvNn-Øn-W-bn¬ iXp-cm-Pm-hns‚ ]ip-°sf A]-l-cn-°p-I,-Nm-c-]-h¿Ø\w, iXp-hns‚ \miw,hoc-kvXpXn XpS-ßn-bh h¿Wn-°p-∂p. \mSp sh´n-∏n-Sn-°m-\p≈ icn-bmb bp≤-amWvh©n-Øn-W-bpsS h¿Æ-\m-hn-j-bw. iXp-cm-Pm-hns‚ tIm´ hf-™p-]n-Sn-°p-∂-XmWvDgn-ssR-Øn-W-bnse ]Xn-]m-Zyw. tIm -bn-√mØ ]c∂ ssaXm-\Øp h®p≈ bp≤wXpssº-Øn-W-bn¬ h¿Wn-°p-∂p. hmssI-Øn-W-bn¬ _m“-W¿, Xm]-k-∑m¿ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS [¿Ω acym-Z-Iƒ h¿Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cl-tem-I-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ \iz-cXIm©nØnW-bnepw tZh-kvXp-Xnbpw cmP-kvXp-Xnbpw ]mSm¨ XnW-bnepw ]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. _mly-kw- -h-ß-fpsS h¿Æ-\-I-fmWv ]pdw-IhnX-I-fn-se√mw ImWp-∂-Xv.F´p-sØmssI

H‰s∏´ sNdnb `mh-Ko-X-ß-fpsS kam-lm-c-amWv F´p-sØm-ssI.-sXmssI F∂hm°n\v kam-lmcw F∂mWv A¿∞w.-F´p sXmssI-Iƒ Ch-bm-Wv.1.-\-‰nssW2.-Ip-dps¥mssI3.-sF-¶p-dp-\qdv4.-]-Xn-‰p-∏Øv5.-]-cn-]m-S¬6.-I-en-sØmssI7.-A-I-\m-\qdv8.]pd\m\qdv

Ch-bn¬ \-‰nssW, Ip-dps¥mssI, sF-¶p-dp-\qdv, I-en-sØmssI, A-I-\m-\qdv F∂oA©p kam-lm-c-ß-fnepw AI-s∏m-cpƒ kw_-‘n® Ihn-X-bm-Wp-≈-Xv. ]pd\m\qdv,]-Xn-‰p-∏Øv F∂n-h-bn¬ ]pd-s∏m-cpƒ ]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]cn-]m-S¬ F∂ kam-lm-c-Øn¬ c≠p s]mcp-fp-Ifpw kw_-‘n® Ihn-X-Iƒ ImWp-∂p.



s]mXp-k-hn-ti-j-X-IƒkwkvIrXkmln-Xy-Øn-s‚ kzm[o\w Cu IrXn-I-fn¬ hy‡-ambn ImWmw.-

F-¶nepw kwkvIr-X-Øn¬\n∂p `n∂-amb Hcp `mc-Xo-b-km-ln-Xy-]m-c-ºcyw Ch-bn¬ \nd-™p-\n¬°p-∂p. irwKm-c-h¿W\ kwkvIr-X-Øn¬\n∂p hyXy-kvXhpwXnI®pw auen-I-hp-am-Wv. ]e-Xcw hkvXm- -c-W-ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw AwK-cm-K-ß-sf∏‰nbpw]d-bp-s∂-¶nepw \mbn-I-bpsS AwK-]-XywK h¿W\ Ch-bn-en-√. irwKm-c-Øns‚_mlyhpw imco-cn-I-hp-amb hi-tØ-°mƒ ]m[m\yw B¥-chpw sshIm-cn-I-hp-amb hi-Øn-\m-Wv. thiy-Iƒ acp-X-Øn-W-bpsS Ahn- m-Py-L-S-I-am-Wv. ]t£ k`y-X-bpsS koa ewLn-°p∂ Hcp h¿W-\bpw Cu XnW-bn¬ t]mepw C√. ]Y-am-\p-cm-Kw, Hfn-t®m´w, k]-Xv\o-a-’cw F∂nh h¿Wn-°p-tºmgpw \mbn-I-am-cpsS AS-°hpwHXp-°hpw [¿Ω-t_m-[hpw Ihn-Iƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

AXnk-º-∂-amb Hcp kky- -P¥p PohnXw Cu ]W-b-I-Y-I-fpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn-ep-≠v. XnssW-Iƒ `mhm-hn-jvI-c-W-Øn\v G‰hpw DtØ-P-I-am-Wv. taL-k-tµ-isØ A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p∂ DPz-e-amb h¿j-Im-e-h¿W-\-Iƒ Cu IrXn-I-fn¬ImWmw. F.-Un.-B-Zn-i-X-I-ß-fn¬ Xan-g-IØp \ne-\n∂ kmaq-ln-Ihpw cmjvSo-b-hp-amb PohnXw kwL-Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ kPo-h-ambn ]Xn-^-en-°p-∂p. bp≤-h¿W-\-I-fn¬ AXn-i-tbm‡n ImWm-\m-hp-sa-¶nepw Xan-g-I-Øns‚ hoc-I-Y-Iƒ [mcm-f-ambnCh-bn-ep-≠v. bp≤-ß-fn¬ ]S-bm-fn-Iƒ°p t]m’m-l\w \evInb Ihn-I-sfbpwcm⁄n-I-sfbpw \man-Xn¬ I≠p-ap- p∂p.tI-c-f-Ønse BZn-tN-c-∑mcpsS NcnXw Gsd-°psd hy‡-ambn ]Xn-‰p-∏-Øn¬ \n∂p Kln-°mw. IqSmsX ]Øp-∏m´v, sF¶p-dp-\qdv F∂n-hbpw Ncn-X-]-c-amb ]m[m\ya¿ln-°p-∂p. kwL-Ir-Xn-I-fnse ]g-¥-angvAXy¥w kwt£-]-W-i-‡n-bp-≈-Xm-sW∂p ]WvUn-X-∑m¿ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p.

]m´p-]-ÿm\w

aebmfkmln-Xy-Øns‚ BZy-ImeNcnXw Ahy‡tcJ-bmbn kmlnXyNcn-X-Im-c-∑m¿°p ap∂n¬Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂p.InkvXz_vZw 12- mw iX-I-Øn\p ap≥]v tIcf`mjm kmlnXyw AYhm ae-bmf kmlnXyw F∂p hy‡-ambn∏d-bm-hp∂ HcpkmlnXy kºØp \ap-°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xm-bn-Im-Wp-∂n-√. 12- mw \q‰m-≠n\p ap≥]pw]n≥]pw tIc-fob Ihn-Iƒ kwkvIrX `mj-bn¬ cN-\-Iƒ \S-Øn-bn- p-≠v. H≥]Xmw\q‰m≠phsc sN¥-angp kmln-Xy-Øn\p I\-s∏´ kw`m-h-\-Iƒ \evInb Ihn-IƒChnsS Pohn-®n-cp-∂p. H≥]Xmw iX-I-Øn\pw ]¥≠mw iX-I-Øn\pw at[y-bp≈Ime-L- -Øn¬ sN¥-angp kmln-Xy-Øn¬ \n∂p `n∂hpw tIc-f-Øn-t‚-sX∂p ]d-bm-hp-∂-Xp-amb Hcp kzX¥ kmlnXyw ChnsS DZbw sNbvX-Xmbn Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m¿ Icp-Xp-∂p. Cu kmlnXyw \ap-°n-∂-dn-hp≈ ]mNo\ ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Øn¬\n∂v Gsd-sbm∂pw hyXy-kvXa-√mØ Hcp a[y-h¿Øn `mj-bn-em-bn-cp∂p cNn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. ae-bmf kmlnXyw F∂p hyh-l-cn-°m-hp∂ coXn-bn-ep≈ IrXn-Iƒ cNn-°-s∏- -Xv ]¥≠mw \q‰m-≠n\p tij-am-sW-∂Xv Cs∂-√m-hcpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p.

KZyw, ]Zyw F∂o c≠p imJ-I-fm-bn-´mWv ae-bmf kmlnXyw DZv`-hn-®Xpwhf¿∂Xpw. Ch-bn¬ ]Zy-im-J-bv°m-bn-cp∂p ]Ya ÿm\w. AXv ]m´v, aWn-]-hm-fw, \mS≥]m- p-Iƒ F∂n-ßs\ aq∂p kc-Wn-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv hnImkw ]m]n-®-Xv.tIcf `mjm ]Z-ß-fp-sSbpw hn -‡y¥ kwkvIrX ]Z-ß-fp-sSbpw klr-Zb lrZ-bm-Àm-Z-Im-cn-bmb taf-\-amWv aWn-]-hm-fw. Xmf-]-[m\hpw hmsam-gn-bmbn ]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-°-s∏- -Xp-amWv \mS≥]m- p-Iƒ. P\-ßƒ°p-th≠n P\-ß-fm¬ D≠m-°-s∏´P\-ß-fpsS ]m´p-I-sf∂v \mS≥ ]m´p-Isf Fkv. Kp]vX≥ \mb¿ hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂p.KmaoW P\-X-bpsS kz`mhkhn-ti-j-X-Ifpw kmwkvIm-cnIØ\n-abpw \mS≥]m´p-I-fn¬ ]Xn- -en-°p-∂p. IrXy-amb Ime-K-W\ Akm[yamb Ch ]Nmcw In´n hf-sc-°m-e-ßƒ°p tij-am-bn-cn-°Ww hc-samgn cq]-Øn-em-b-Xv.



\nbXamb e£-W-tØm-Sp-IqSnb kmlnXy IrXn-I-fmWv ]m´p ]ÿm-\-Øn¬A¥¿`-hn-®ncn°p-∂-Xv. ]mSp-∂-sX√mw ]m´v F∂ coXn-bn-e-√m "]m´v' F∂ t]cv]N-cn-®-Xv. "]mSp∂-XmWp ]m´v. ]t£ ]mSp-∂-sX√mw ]m´√'. aWn-]-hmf e£WKŸ-amb eoemXne-I-Øn¬ e£-W-\n¿∆-N\w sNø-s∏- n-cn-°p∂ hn[-Øn¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ]ÿm-\-ambn hnI-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX kmln-Xy-cq-]-amWv "]m´p ]ÿm-\w' F∂ kw⁄ sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv.

]m´v ˛ cq]hpw e£-Whpw

ae-bm-f-Ønse BZysØ kmlnXy ]ÿm-\-amWv ]m´v.

""ZanU kwLm-Xm-£c \n_≤w

FXp-I-tam\ hrØ hnijbp‡w ]m´v'' F∂mWv eoemXne-I-Im-c-≥ ]mń\p\evIp∂ \n¿∆-N-\w. FXp-Ibpw tam\bpw Xangp coXn-°p≈ i_vZm-e-¶m-c-ß-fm-Wv.FXpItbmSpw tam\-tbmSpw IqSn Zan-U-kw-Lm-X-Ønse A£-c-ßƒ sIm≠vhrØhn-ti-j-Øn¬ cNn-®n- p≈ Imhy-amWv ]m v F∂mWv eoem-Xn-e-I-kq-X-Øns‚kmcw.-k¿t∆jz]n]m-tZjp ZznXo-bm-£-ckmayw FXpIx bx ]mZm-\p-]mk CXyp-NytX F∂v FXp-Ibv°v hni-Zo-I-c-Whpw \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p.-F√m ]mZ-ß-fn-tebpw(Cu-c-Sn-I-fn-te-bpw) c≠m-a-£cw kZriambn hcp∂ -ZznXo-bm-£-c]m-k-sa∂v FXp-Isb ]d-bm-sa-¶nepw Hcp ]mńse \mep ]mZ-Øn-sebpw ]Y-am-£-c-ßƒ°v amXHØp hcWw F∂ \n_-‘-\-IqSn ]mńse FXp-I-bv°p-≠v. FXp-I-bn¬ kzc-hy-RvP-\-ßƒ°v sFI-cq]yw thW-sa∂p \n¿∫-‘-an-√.

tam\ ]mZm¿[mZn ]mk-am-Wv. ]mZm-Zy-£-tcW ]mZ-Zzn-Xo-b- m-Km-£-cky kmaywtam\x F∂mWv tam\bv°v eoem-Xn-e-I-Im-cs‚ hni-Zo-I-c-Ww.-Xm-c-X-tay\ Zo¿L-hr-Ø-ß-fn¬ cNn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ]m´p-I-fnse Hmtcm ]mZhpw ]I-S-ambpw c≠v A¿≤-ß-fmbnØncn-bm-dp-≠v.-C-Xn¬ ]Y-am¿≤-Øns‚ BZy-£-chpw ZznXo-bm¿≤-Øns‚BZy-£-chpw kam-\-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-XmWv tam\.Xan-gn-se-t∏mseØs∂ `mj-bnse]mńepw A, B, sF, Hu F∂n-hbv°pw C, Cu, F, G F∂n-hbv°pw D, Du, H, HmF∂n-hbv°pw N, Xßƒ°pw R, \ßƒ°pw a, hßƒ°pw ]c-kv]cw tam\-bm-Imw.Htc A£-c-Øns‚ bm¥n-I-amb Bh¿Ø-\-a√, kam-\m-£-c-]-Xo-Xn-bmWnhnsS ][m-\w.

]m´v ZanU kwLm-Xm-£c \n_≤-am-bn-cn-°Ww. CXp Xan-g-cp-sSbpw ae-bm-fn-I-fp-sSbpw amXr-Im-£-c-am-e-bm-Wv. ]¥≠p kzc-ßfpw ]Xn-s\´p hyRvP-\-ßfpw(J-chpw A\p-\m-kn-Ihpw tN¿∂v ]Øp hyRvP-\-ßfpw F´v a[y-a-ß-fpw) Dƒs∏sSap∏-X-£-c-ap≈ ZanU kwLm-X-]m-T-Øn¬ kwkvIr-X-Ønse E, \p kzc-ßfpwAXn-J-cw, arZp, tLmjw, Dujvam-°ƒ, tLmjn F∂n-hbpan√. kwkvIrX]Z-ßƒ]mń¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≠v. hn -‡y-¥-am-tbm, X’-a-amtbm kwkvIrX]Z-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ Ah Xangv A£-c-am-e-bnse A£-c-ßƒ amXw D]-tbm-Kn-s®-gp-Xm-hp-∂hbmbn-cn-°-Ww. Aß-s\-b-√m-Ø-t∏mƒ h¿Æ-ßƒ°p am‰w hcpØn X¤h-amtb D]-tbm-Kn-°m-hq. tIcf `mj-bnse ]m´p-I-fn¬ eoemXne-I-Im-c≥ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°mØ "A¥m-Zn-]mkw' F∂ ]tXy-I-X-IqSn ImWp-∂p. Hcp ]mńs‚ A¥y-Øn-ep≈ ]Zw sImt≠m ]Z-ßƒsImt≠m ASpØ ]m´v Bcw- n-°p-I-sb-∂-XmWvCXp-sIm-≠p-t±-in-°p-∂-Xv. aWn-]-hm-f-Øn¬ ]kn-≤-amb hk-¥-Xn-e-ImZn hrØ-ß-fn¬ \n∂p `n∂-amb hrØ-ß-fn-em-bn-cn-°Ww ]m´p-Iƒ \n¿an-t°-≠-Xv.-kw-kvIr-X-hr-Ø-ß-sfm-gn-hm°n Zmhn-U-hr-Ø-ßƒ amXw kzoI-cn-°-W-sa∂p kmcw.-I-hn-X-bn¬ Zmhn-U-hr-Ø-ßtf D]-tbm-Kn-°mhq F∂ \njvI¿j Imhym-\p- -h-km-c-Øns‚Zmhn-U-Xz-Øn-emWv Du∂p-∂-sX∂pw hrØ-hn-ti-j-bp‡w F∂-Xn\v Zmhn-U-Po-hn-Xm-\p- -h-km-c-bp‡w F∂v hni-Zo-I-cWw \¬Im-\m-hp-sa∂pw \nco-£n-°-s∏- n-cn-



°p-∂p(-F-kv.-cm-P-ti-J-c≥,-]m´p]ÿm-\w-˛-]-Xn-tcm-[hpw ka-\z-b-hpw). C]-Imcw\nb-a-ßƒ ]men®p ]m´p-Iƒ \n¿Ωn-®n-cp∂ ImeØp Xs∂ CXn\p kam-¥-c-sa-t∂mWw kwkvIrX hrØ-Øn¬ aWn-]-hmf IrXn-Ifpw X\n \mS≥ hrØ-ß-fn¬\mS≥ ]m´p-Ifpw cNn-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂p. tIcf `mj-bnse ]m´v sN¥-angp kmlnXy]mc-º-cy-am-Wv, Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-sX-∂mWv CXp ImWn-°p-∂-Xv. "]mWvUy`mjmkmcq]yw _mlp-tey\ ]mń¬ tIcf`mjbmw `hXn' F∂v eoemXne-I-Im-c≥ ]d-bp-hm≥ Imc-Whpw CXm-Wv.

ae-bm-f-Ønse ]m´p kmlnXyw cN-\m-]-c-amb Imcy-ß-fn¬ ZmhnUØ\na Zo£n-°m≥ bXv\n-°p-Ibpw Imhyhnj-b-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ Btcy-Xn-hr-Ø-ß-fn¬ Xń-Ø-S-™p-\n-ev°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-XmWv s]mXpth ImWp-∂-Xv. kwL-km-ln-Xy-Ønsehoc-c-k-]-[m-\-amb ]pdw Ihn-X-I-tfmSv tIc-f-Ønse ]m´p Imhy-ßƒ°v B`n-apJywImWp-∂p. F∂m¬ ]c-a-]m-[m\yw AXn-\-√,`‡n°p Xs∂-bm-Wv.-A-\p-hm-N-I-cn¬`‡n-`m-h-ap-W¿Øn Ahsc Bflo-b-X-bn-te°p \bn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p s]mXpsh]m´p-I-hn-I-fpsS e£yw.

\ΩpsS ]m´p]ÿm-\-Øns‚ hf¿®-bn¬ hy‡-ambpw aq∂p L -ßƒ ImWm-\mhpw.

1. cma-N-cn-Xw, Xncp-\n-g¬ ame F∂nh Dƒs°m-≈p∂ H∂mw L´w.

2. \ncWw IrXn-Ifpw cma-I-Y-∏m´pw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂ c≠mw L´w.

3. ]mń\v eoemXne-I-Im-c≥ \¬Ip∂ e£-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw GXm≠v ]q¿Æ-ambpw hyXn-N-en-®p-sIm≠pXs∂ "]m´v' F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ IrjvW-∏m- v,Infn-∏m- v, h©n-∏m- v, Xp≈¬∏m´v F∂nh Dƒs∏-Sp-∂- aq∂mw L´w.

aq∂mw L -Ønse IrXn-Isf "]m´p ]ÿm-\'-Øn¬s∏Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n `n∂-m`n-]m-b-ß-fp-s≠-¶nepw ]mń\p Imtem-Nn-X-ambn h∂p-tN¿∂ ]cn-jvIm-c-ß-fpsS `mK-am-bn-CXns\ Icp-Xp-I-bmhpw bp‡w.

cma-N-cnXw

tIc-f-`m-j-bn-se-gp-Xnb BZysØ ]m´p-Im-hy-am-bmWv cma-N-cnXw Icp-X-s∏-ń-cp-∂-Xv.-F-∂m¬ Fw.-Fw.-]p-cp-tjm-Ø-a≥ \mb¿ Xncp-\n-g¬am-e-sb∂ IrXn Is≠-SpØv ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-tXmsS B [mc-Wbv°v Cf°w Xń-bn-cn-°p-∂p.cma-N-cn-X-Øns‚Imew ]Xn-\memw \q‰m-s≠∂ [mcWsb AwKo-I-cn-°p∂ ]£w Xncp-\n-g¬am-e-AXnepw apt∂ cNn-°-s∏- n- p≈ IrXn-bm-sW-∂Xpw AwKo-I-cn-t°≠n hcpw.Xncp-\n-g¬am-e-bpsS Imew ]Xn-aq∂mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km-\-sa-∂-mWv Ct∏mƒ \n¿W-bn-°-s∏- n- p-≈-Xv.-F-¥m-bmepw ]mń\p eoem-Xn-e-I-Im-c≥ \n¿tZ-in-°p∂ e£-W-ßƒ]q¿W-ambpw s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ IrXn-I-fmWv cma-N-cn-Xhpw Xncp-\n-g¬am-ebpw.]m´p]ÿm-\-Øns‚ H∂mw L´sØbmWv c≠p IrXn-Ifpw ]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂-Xv.

hmevaoIo cmam-b-W-Ønse bp≤-ImWvUamWv cma-N-cn-X-Ønse ][m\ ]Xn-]m-Zyw. bp≤-h¿Æ-\-Øn\v Ihn AanX ]m[m\yw \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p. `‡n-kw-h¿[-\-amWv Ihn-bpsS e£yw. cma-N-cn-X-Ønse HSp-hn-esØ ]mń¬ Ihn CXp hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v. bp≤-Im-WvU-amWv ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂-sX-¶nepw CX-c-Im-WvU-ß-fnse kw -h-ßƒ Nne IYm-]m-X-ß-fpsS hmIy-Øn-eqsS kqNn-∏n-°m\pw aqe-Øn-en-√mØ Nneam‰-ßƒ hcp-Øm\pw Ihn i≤n-®n- p-≠v . "ZanU kwLm-Xm-£c \n_≤-sa-XpItam\ hrØ hntij bp‡w ]m´v' F∂ eoemXneI \n¿∆-N\w ]q¿Æ-ambpw A\p-k-cn-°p∂ e£-W-samØ ]m´p IrXn-bmbn cma-N-cnXw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. 164 ]Se-ßfpw 1814 ]m´p-I-fp-ap≈ Cu IrXn-bn¬ Hmtcm ]S-e-Ønepw ]Xn-s\m∂v ]m´p-IƒhoXw ImWp-∂p.



Ihn, tZiw, Imew.

cma-N-cn-X-Im-cs‚ t]cv Nocm-a-s\-∂m-sW∂p Imhym-h-km\Ønse ]m´n¬ \n∂pa\- n-em-°mw. iocm-a≥ F∂-Xns‚ `mjo-IrX cq]-amWv Nocm-a≥. Cu Nocm-a≥Bcm-sW-∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n Ht´sd N¿®-Iƒ \S∂p Ign-™n-cn-°p-∂p.Iev]n-®p-≠m-°nbcma-N-cnXw F∂ ]tbmKw IW-°n-se-SpØv Hcp Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ cmPm-hmWv cma-N-cn-X-Im-cs\∂v tImhpÆn s\Sp-ßm-Sn- A`n-]m-b-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p.Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iqdn¬ sIm.-h.500 \SpØv `cWw \S-Ønb cmPm-hmWp KŸ-Im-c-s\∂v Kp≠¿´pw Icp-Xp-∂p.-B-Zn-Xy-h¿a alm-cm-Pm-sh∂v ]n.-tKm-hn-µ-]n-≈.-Nn-d-hmbn cma-h¿a aqØ Xncp-h-Sn-bmWv Nocm-a-s\∂v B‰q¿.-X-]-Xo-kw-h-c-W-Øns‚ hymJym-Xm-hmb inh-cm-a-\mWpNocm-a-s\∂pw Abmƒ Xs∂-bmWp cma-N-cn-X-Im-cs\∂pw B¿.-\m-cm-b-W-∏-Wn-°¿A`n-]m-b-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. thWmSp cn-®n-cp∂ Hcp cma-h¿Ω-bmWv cma-N-cnXI¿ØmhvF∂mWv alm-Ihn D≈q-cns‚ A`n-]m-bw. IrXn-bnse Xangv `mjmkzm[o\w ]e`mjm]WvUn-X-∑m-scbpw Cßs\ Nn¥n-°m≥ t]cn-∏n-®p. KŸ-Øns‚ XpS-°-ØnepwHSp-°-Ønepw io ]fl-\m- -s\-°p-dn®p kqNn-∏n-®Xv Cu [mc-Wsb _e-s∏-Sp-Øn.F∂m¬ cma-N-cnXw Z£nW tIc-fo-b≥ cNn-®-Xm-sW∂ hmZw, ]pXnb sXfn-hp-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ \ne-\n-ev°p-∂-X-√. DØ-c-tI-c-fo-b-\mb Ihn-bmWv Nocm-a≥F∂-XmWv C∂v ]cs° AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Nnd-bv°¬ Sn. _me-Ir-jvW≥\m-b¿, ]n.-hn. IrjvW≥ \mb¿, Fw.-Fw. ]pcp-tjm-Ø-a≥ \mb¿ F∂n-h-cmWv cma-N-cn-X-Øns‚ ] -h-ÿm\w hS-°≥ tIc-f-ambncn°m-\mWv km≤y-X-sb∂v hy‡-am-°n-b-Xv. CXn-\m-[m-c-amb sXfn-hp-Iƒ Ch-bm-Wv.1. DØ-ctIc-fo-b-cpsS IrXn-I-fn-emWv v cma-N-cn-XØns‚ kzm[o\w ImWp-∂-Xv.2. cma-N-cn-X-Øns‚ Xmfn-tbme ]I¿∏p-Iƒ A[n-Ihpw hSt° ae-_m-dn¬ \n∂mWvIs≠-Sp-Øn-´p-≈-Xv.3. cma-N-cnXw B≤ym-flnI KŸ-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ DØ-c-tI-c-f-Ønse aWn-bmWn\mb-∑m¿ hntijZnh-k-ß-fn¬ ]mcm-bWw sNøm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.4. \tS (ap-tº), C∂pw (C-\n-bpw), \n∂ (\n-s∂), NmSpI (F-dn-bp-I) XpSßn cma-N-cn-X-Im-c≥ D]-tbm-Kn-®n- p≈ ]e `mjm]Z-ßfpw C∂pw hSt° ae-_m-dnse kw`m-jW`mj-bn¬ \ne-\n-ev°p-∂p.5.cma-N-cn-X-Ønse io ]fl\m` ]kvXmhw hSs° ae-_m-dnse Ipº-f-bv°-Sp-Øp≈A\-¥-i-b\ t£X-Ønse ]Xn-jvT-bmb io ]fl-\m- s\ A\p-kva-cn-®m-bn-cn-°pw.cma-N-cnX I¿Øm-hn-s\-t∏m-se-Xs∂ Cu IrXn-bpsS Imehpw hnhmZ hnj-b-am-Wv.InkvXz_vZw ]¥≠mw iX-I-Øntem AXn\p ap≥t]m hnc-Nn-X-amb IrXn-bmWvcma-N-cnXw F∂m-bn-cp∂p A[nIw ]WvUn-X-∑mcpw hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. F.-B¿. cmP-cmPh¿Ωbpw Cf-wIp-fhpw B¿. \mcm-b-W-∏-Wn-°cpw ]Xn-∂memw \q‰m-≠n-ep-≠mbIrXn-bm-bn- mWv cma-N-cn-XsØ I≠-Xv. ]pXp-t»cn cma-N-µ\pw Fw.-Fw. ]pcp-tjm-Ø-a≥ \mbcpw cma-N-cn-X-Øns‚ Imew ]Xn-∂memw \q‰m-≠ns‚ DØ-cm-¿≤-am-sW∂ A`n-]m-b-°m-cm-Wv. B`y-¥-c-amb sXfn-hp-Iƒ h®p-sIm≠v Iºcmam-b-W-Øn\p tij-amWv cma-N-cnXw Fgp-X-s∏- Xv F∂v Dd-∏n®p ]d-bm≥ km[n-°pw. cma-N-cn-X-Im-c≥ Iºsc Ht´sd `mK-ß-fn¬ A\p-I-cn®n´p≠v. Iº-cpsS am¿§w ]n¥p-S¿∂v kw⁄m\ma-ßsf kwkvIr-X-Øn¬ \n∂p hnh¿Ø\w sNøp∂ coXnbpwcma-N-cn-X-Im-c≥ kzoI-cn-°p-∂p. \ncWw Ihn-Iƒ cma-N-cn-X-Im-cs\ [mcmfw D]-Po-hn-°p-∂p-≠v. AXn-\m¬, cma-N-cn-X-Imew \ncWw Ihn-Iƒ°p ap≥]pw Iº¿°ptij-hp-am-sW∂p \n w-ibw ]d-bmw. ]Xn-∂memw \q‰m-≠ns‚ DØ-cm¿≤-amWvcma-N-cn-X-Imew F∂-XmWv C∂p s]mXpth AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. _mlyhpw B¥-c-hp-amb sXfn-hp-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ cma-N-cn-X-Øns‚ Imew F.-Un. 1351BsW∂p \Sp-h´w tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥ hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v.



cma-N-cnX `mj ˛ kmam\y kz`mhw

cma-N-cnX `mj-bpsS kmam\y kz`mhsØ-∏-‰n-∏-d-bp-tºmƒ ][m-\ambp≈XvCXns‚ ]mWvUy`mjmkmcq-]y-am-Wv. \Sp-h´w tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥ mjm-hn-Nm-c-sa∂KŸ-Ønse "cma-N-cnX `mj-'sb∂ teJ-\-Øn¬ CXv hni-Z-ambn ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p-≠v . eoem -Xn -e -I -Im -c≥ ]m´ns‚ kz`m -h -ß-fn -sem -∂mbn ]kvXm -hn®]mWvUy`mjmkmcq]yw (X-angv coXn-°p≈ ]-tbm-K-ßƒ) cma-N-cnX`mj-bn¬ ]I-S-am-Wv.1. ev + X > ‰, fv + X > S, fv + a > ◊, \v + X > ‚ XpS-ßnb k‘n-cq-]w.2. C‚ v, A‚ v, CW F∂o h¿Ø-am-\-Ime cq]-ßƒ.3. ¥v, Æv XpS-ßnb `qX-Ime cq]-ßƒ4. Bbv (\-]p. GI-h-N-\w), Hmav (\-]p. _lp-h-N-\w).5. sF (]-Xn-Km-ln-I), AXp, CssS (kw-_-‘n-I)

Cdv, Dƒ, hmbv, ]m¬ (B-[m-cn-I) F∂o hn`‡n ]Xy-b-ßƒ6. bm≥, \m≥ F∂o DØ-a-]p-cpj k¿∆-\ma cq]-ßƒ

F∂n-h-sb√mw ]mWvUy- mjm kmcq-]y-Øn\p ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fm-Wv. tIc-f-]m-Wn\n\n¿t±-in-°p∂ Bdp \b-ßƒ ]Imcw am‰w kw`-hn® cq]-ßfpw am‰w hcm-Ø-hbpw cma-N-cn-X-Øn¬ CS-I-e¿∂p ImWp-∂p. cma-N-cnX `mj-bn¬ A\p-\m-kn-Im-Xn-]-kcw hcmØ cq]-ß-sf-°mƒ (3610) A\p-\m-kn-ImXn]kcw kw -hn® cq]-ß-fmWv (3901) A[n-Iw. XmehymtZiw hcm-Ø-h-bmWv (2234) h∂-h-sb-°mƒ (1017)IqSp-X¬. ]Z-a-≤y-Øn¬ "sF'Imcw \ne-\n-ev°p∂ cq]-ßƒ ˛ 509. "sF'Imcw AIm-c-am-bXv ˛ 499. ae-bmf `mjmkz`m-h-a-\p-k-cn®v "∂' htc-≠n-S-ß-fn¬ "‚' ImWp-∂p-≠v. ]q¿Æ Inb-I-fn¬ ]pcp-j-t`Z ]Xy-b-ßƒ ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂-h-bmWv (1166¬989) A[n-Iw.

kwkvIr-X coXn-bn-ep≈ ]tbm-K-ßƒ cma-N-cn-X-Øn¬ hf-sc-°p-d-t®-bp-≈q. C°m-cy-Øn¬ Ah-K-Wn-°-Ø° Nne kzm[o-\-ßtf cma-N-cn-X-Øn¬ ImWp-∂p-≈q.1. hnti-jW hntijys∏mcpØw

(F) ae¿hn-√nsb A\-¶s\(_n) amg-\oƒan-gnsb ssaXn-ensb(kn) Ihn-°-c-Ns\ Nmº-hs\

2. hn`-‡n-]-Xy-b-ßƒ(F) tIIn\mw ˛ ]Xn-Km-lnI(_n) hmNm¬ ˛ ]tbm-PnI(kn) hø-hm-b-\a ˛ Dt±-inI

N¶-cmb \a ˛ Dt±-inI(Un) hnb-Xn-tN¿¥p-t≈m¿ ˛ B[m-cnI

NctW ˛ ''Im\t\ -˛ ''

(C) hNt\ ˛ kwt_m-[\C∂p ]Nm-c-Øn-en-√mØ ]mNo\ ]Z-ß-fpsS kwc-£-W-amWv it≤-b-amb as‰mcp

`mjm khn-ti-j-X. Dt±-inIm]Xybw tN¿∂ F\-°p, C\-°p, C\n-°p, \nW-°p,AXp°p F∂o k¿∆-\m-a-ßfpw kw_-‘nIm ]Xybw tN¿∂ "F\Xp', B[n-Im-cnI ]Xybw tN¿∂ "FΩn¬', _lp-h-N\w tN¿∂ "Rmßƒ' XpS-ßn-bh GXm\pwDZm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wv. B[p-\nI ae-bm-f-Øn\v A\y-amb Nne h¿Æ hnIm-c-ßfpwcma-N-cn-X-Øn¬ ImWm-\m-hpw.



cma-N-cnX `mj ˛ `n∂m- n-]m-b-ßƒKp≠¿´v : kwkvIrX A£-c-am-e-bpsS A\p-]-th-i-\-Øn\p ap≥]v \n_-‘n-°-s∏--XmWv cma-N-cn-Xw. AXv ae-bmf `mj-bpsS ]mIvX\-X-a-amb cq]sØ ]Z¿in-∏n-

°p-∂p.tKm]n-\mYdmhp : CXv Hcp Xan-gvIm-hy-amtWm ae-bmf Imhy-amtWm F∂v \n¿Æ-bn-°m≥ Ign-bn-√. (sN-¥-angv; 1907)tKmZ-h¿Ω : ae-bmf mjbpw kwkvIrX mjbpw tN¿∂p≈ aWn-]-hmf ]ÿm\wt]mse Xan-gns‚ Hcp tZiy-t -Z-tØmSv ae-bmfw Ie¿∂p≈ Hcp ani-]-ÿm-\-Øn¬\n¿Ωn-X-ß-fmb IrXn-I-fpsS Hcp ]mNo\ amXr-I-bmbn \ap°v cma-N-cn-XsØ IW-°m-°mw. (tIcf `mjm hn⁄m-\o-bw)

D≈q¿ : cma-N-cnXw AXp-≠mb ImeØp ae-bmfw ]m´n-\p-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ kmlnXy`mj-bn¬ cNn® IrXn-bm-Wv. (tI-cf kmlnXy Ncn-Xw)F≥. IrjvW-]n≈ : .... kwkvIr-X-co-Xn-bn-ep≈ `mjm ]tbm-K-ßƒ kwkvIrXk‘nIƒt]mep≈ `mjm-k-‘n-Iƒ, hnti-jW hntijy s∏mcp-Øw, Xncp-ta-\n-bmb \ax, Nºpth \ax XpS-ßnb kwkvIr-Xo-IrX `mjm]tbm-K-ßƒ F∂n-h-bmWv BZyw i≤n-t°-≠-Xv.... ]pcpj ]Xy-b-an-√mØ Inbm cq]-ßƒ hf-sc-bp-≠v.... Xan-gn-en-√mØ `mjm-]-Z-ßfpw Cu IrXn-bn¬ ImWmw. (ssI-c-fn-bpsS IY)

]n.-sI. \mcm-b-W-∏n≈ : ZmhnUm-£-c-ßtf ]m´n-ep-]-tbm-Kn-°mhq F∂ \nb-a-Øn\p hnt[-b-a-√m-bn-cp∂p F¶n¬ cma-N-cnXw Hcp \√ aWn-]-hmf IrXn-bmbn]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-am-bn-cp-∂p. (km-ln-Xo-I-Sm-£w)]n.-hn. IrjvW≥\m-b¿ : .... cmaNcnXw sX°≥ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse \mtSmSn_v`mj-bn¬ Fgp-Xn-bn- p≈ Hcp \mtSm-Sn-∏m- -√.... Ae-¶mc i_-f-amb coXn-bn¬ hncp-Ø-ß-fn¬ \n_n-‘n-®n- p≈ Hcp ]m´p-Ir-Xn-bm-Wv. (cm-a-N-cnXw : Hcp hna¿i-\m-flI ]T-\w)

DÆn-°n-Smhv : kwkvIrX ]Z-ßfpw ZnKv`m-j-bmbn ae-bm-f-]-Z-ßfpw Ie¿∂ XangvImhy-amWv cma-N-cn-Xw. (cm-a-N-cnXw Hcp Xangv Imhyw? `mjm-km-ln-Xn, 1979).

Fw.-Fw. ]pcp-tjm-Ø-a≥ \mb¿: ....ae-bm-f-Ønse ]apJ kmlnXy ]ÿm-\-amb]m´v Fgp-Xm-\p-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ kmlnXy `mj-bn-emWv cma-N-cnXw cNn-°-s∏-´-Xv.cma-N-cnXw Hcp ae-bmfw ]m´m-Wv. sN¥-angv ∏mt´m ani- mjm∏mt´m A√. ("a-e-bm-f-Ønse ]m´p-km-lnXyw' ˛ cma-N-cn-X-Øn¬\n∂v alm- m-c-X-Øn-te-°v, 1980)

B¿ \mcm-b-W-∏-Wn-°¿ : `mjm-cq-]-ßsf ]cn-jv°-cn®v Xan-gm-°n-bn-cn-°p-I-bmWvKŸ-Im-c≥ sNbvXn- p-≈-Xv. cma-N-cnXw Xangv ae-bmf kmlnXy kwÿm-\-ß-fpsS]pd-tºm°p ÿeØp ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂p.

\Sp-h´w tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥: cma-N-cn-X-Ønse `mj ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn ae-bm-f-am-Wv. ]mWvUy- mjm kmcq]yw i_vZ-X-e-Øn-emWv ][m-\-ambpw ImWp-∂-Xv. hymI-cW Xe-Øn¬ tNmf-`mjm coXn-°p≈ ]tbm-K-ßƒ°v BhrØn Ipd-bpw. hn`-‡y¥ kwkvIrXw hnc-en-se-Æm≥ amXw. Npcp-°-Øn¬ tIc-f-`m-j-bn-se-gp-Xnb]m´mWv cma-N-cn-Xw. ("cm-a-N-cnXw' ˛ `mjm ]cn-a-fw, 1994).

sI.-Fw. tPm¿Pv : c≠p `mj-I-fpsS ˛ Xan-gn-s‚bpw ae-bm-f-Øn-s‚bpw ˛ hymI-cWhyh-ÿ-Iƒ Ie¿∂n-cn-°p∂ IrXna ani-`m-j-bmWv cma-N-cn-X-Øn-ep-≈-Xv. aWn-]-hm-f-Ønse `mjm-tbm-K-Øn\v kam-\-amb `mjm k¶-e-\-amWv ]m´p `mj-bnepwImWp-∂-Xv. BZy-tØ-Xn¬ kwkvIrX ae-bm-f-ßfpw c≠m-a-tØ-Xn¬ Xangv ae-bm-f-ßfpw F∂ hyXym-kta D≈q. (X-angv ani kmlnXyw ˛ kmlnXy NcnXw ]ÿm-\-ß-fn-eq-sS).



`n∂m- n-]m-b-ßƒ ˛ kmam\ymh-tem-I\w

cma-N-cnX `mj-sb-°p-dn®p `mjm]WvUn-X-∑m¿°v ][m-\-ambpw \mev A`n-]m-b-ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. 1. Xan-gmWv 2. Ie¿∏p `mj-bmWv (an-i- m-j-bm-Wv) 3.aWn-]-hm-f-amWv4.A°m-esØ ]m´p- m-j-bm-Wv.

kwkvIr-X-Øns‚ A\p-]-th-i-Øn\p ap≥]p≈ `mj-bpsS cq]-amWv cma-N-cn-X-Øn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv F∂ Kp≠¿ńs‚ hmZw kzoIm-cy-a-√. cma-N-cn-X-Øn¬ ]e-bn-SØpw kwkvIrXkzm[o\w ImWmw. DZm-l-cWw: hnb-Xn, hmNm, tIIo\mw XpS-ßnb hn`‡y¥ßƒ. "ae¿hn√n-sb-b-\-¶s\' F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ hnti-j-W-hn-ti-jy-s∏m-cp-Ø-ßƒ A¥-cm, A\-h-cXw XpS-ßnb X’-a-ßƒ apX-em-bh CXn¬ImWmw. ]mńs‚ \nbaw Zo£n-°-Ø° hn[-Øn¬ Ht´sd kwkvIrXi_vZ-ßsfXZv`-h-ß-fm-°nbn-´p-≠v.

cma-N-cnXw Xangv IrXn-bm-sW∂ \nco-£-Whpw B[p-\nI Kth-j-I¿ AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. CsXmcp Xangv IrXn-bm-sW∂v BZy-ambn A`n-]m-b-s∏´ tKm]n-\m-Y-dmhpXs∂ "CXv Xangv Imhytam ae-bmf Imhytam F∂v \n¿W-bn° hø' F∂v ]n∂oSv]d-bp-∂p-≠v. cma-N-cnXw Xan-gvIm-hy-am-sW∂v ]d-bp∂ DÆn-°n-Smhv AXn-\m-[m-c-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ sXfn-hp-Iƒ Zp¿_-e-am-Wv. "XangvIhn' "Xan-gm-bn-s°m-≠-dn-bn-°n‚¿' XpS-ßnb ]tbm-K-ß-fnse Xangv i_vZ-Øns\ sN¥-an-gv`mj F∂v sX‰n-≤cn°pI-bmWv Ct±-lw. cma-N-cn-X-Ønse Xan-gv]-tbm-K-ß-fpsS _mlpeyw `mjm-cq-]-ßsf ]cn-jvI-cn®v Xan-gm-°n-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-sW∂ B¿. \mcm-b-W-∏-Wn-°-cpsSA`n-]m-b-Øn\pw henb ]n¥pW Inń-bn-√. Xan-gv]-Z-ß-fpsS _mlpeyw A°m-esØ Imhy `mj-bpsS ]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. DØ-c-tI-c-f-Øn-ep-≠mb DÆn-b-®n-bnepwa[y-tI-c-f-Øn-ep-≠mb DÆn-bm-Sn-bnepw Xangv ]tbm-K-ßƒ ImWm-\m-hpw. cma-N-cn-X-Imew hsc Xan-gnepw kwkvIr-X-Ønepw Imhy-ßƒ cNn-®n-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ B `mj-I-fpsS kzm[o\w kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. ]g-¥-an-gns‚ XpS¿®bmb cma-N-cnX `mj-bn¬Xan-gns‚ ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ ImWm≥ Imc-Whpw CXp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. Xan-g¿ cma-N-cn-XsØ Xangv IrXn-bmbn AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. Xan-gv\m- n¬\n∂v cma-N-cn-X-Øns‚ Hcp]I¿∏p-t]mepw I≠p-In- n-bn- p-an-√. ]pcp-j-]-Xybw tN¿°mØ Inbm-cq-]-ßfpw X\nae-bm-f-]-Z-ßfpw CXn¬ ImWp-∂p. AXp-sIm≠v cma-N-cn-XsØ Xangv IrXn-bmbnIcp-Xp-hm≥ km[n-°p-Ibn√.

cma-N-cn-X-Ønse `mj IrXn-a-amb ani-`m-j-bm-sW-∂pw aWn-]-hm-f-am-sW∂pwIcp-Xn-b-h¿ AXns\ c≠p `mj-I-fpsS Ie¿s∏-∂-a-ń-emWv ImWp-∂-Xv. A°m-esØ ]m´p- m-j-bm-sW-∂Xpw Gsd N¿®-Iƒ°v hnj-b-am-bn- p-≈-XmWv. Cu c≠vA`n-]m-b-ß-fnepw bmYm¿∞y-Øns‚ Awi-ap-≠v. F∂m¬ Ah-bnse kqN\IƒsX‰n-≤m-cW D≠m-°pw. Ie¿∏p`m-j-sb∂pw ani- m-j-sb∂pw ]d-b-W-sa-¶n¬ Npcp-ßn-bXv c≠p `mj-I-fpsS ani-W-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. sN¥-an-gn-s‚bpw ae-bm-f-Øn-s‚bpw Ie¿∏mWv cma-N-cn-X- m-j-sb-∂mWv ani- m-jm-hm-Zn-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ae-bmfw cma-N-cn-X-Im-eØv kzX-¥- m-j-bmbn amdn-bn- n-√. amdn-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Xo¿®-bmbpw A]-Im-c-ap≈ ae-bm-f- m-j-bnse GsX-¶nepw IrXn-Iƒ \ap°v e`n-t°-≠-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ae-bmf `mj-bpsS DXv]-Øn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ sX‰mb [mc-W-I-fmWv (kz-X-¥-hm-Zw) `mjm-]WvUnX∑msc Cßs\ Nn¥n-°m≥ t]cn-∏n-®-Xv. ]mNo-\-a-Wn-]-hm-f-Ir-Xn-I-fnse `mjbpw cma-N-cn-X- mjbpw H∂p-X-s∂-sb∂ hmZhpw kzoIm-cy-a-√.-A-ßnßv Nne kwkvIr-X-hym-I-c-W-]-tbm-K-ßƒ ImWp-∂p-sh-∂-Xp-sIm≠pamXw cma-N-cn-X-`mjsb a-Wn-]-hm-fsa∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂Xv icn-b-√.cma-N-cn-X`mjbn¬ ImWp∂ sN¥-angv ]mc-ºcyw Hcp aWn-]-hm-f-Ir-Xn-bnepw ImWm≥km[n-°n-√.\ne-hn-en-cp∂ ]m´p- m-j-bn-emWv cma-N-cnXw cNn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂ A`n-]m-bhpw ]ecpw tNmZyw sNøp-∂p. B `mj F¥m-sW∂pw GsX√mw kz`mhhnti-j-ß-tfmSp IqSn-b-Xm-sW∂pw hy‡-am-°n-bn- n-s√∂-XmWv hna¿i-\-Øn\p Imc-Ww.



cma-N-cnX `mj-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ hyXykvX \nco-£-W-ß-fn¬\n∂pw C]-Im-c-samcp[mc-W-bn-te-°mWv \msa-Øp-∂-Xv. cma-N-cn-X-Imew hsc tIc-f-Ønse Imhym-kzm-Z\w Xan-gv- -kw-kvIrX IrXn-I-fpsS Bkzm-Z\w Bbn-cp-∂p. ]mtZ-inI ]mc-º-cy-a-\p-k-cn®v Ihn-X-bp-≠m-°n-b-h¿s°√mw Xangv Ihn-X-bpsS XpS¿®-sb∂ \ne-bnteNn¥n-°m≥ Ign-™n-cp-∂p-≈q. Iq -Øn¬ Np‰pw ]tbm-K-Øn-en-cp∂ ]pXnb `mjm-kz- m-h-ßsf Ah-K-Wn-°m≥ Ah¿°m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]m´p-Ir-Xn-Iƒ Dugn-bn¬ sNdn-b-h¿°v ˛ kwkvIrX ]cn-Nbw Ipd-hm-b-h¿°v ˛ th≠n-bm-Wv. At∏mƒ Ah-cpsS]cn-NnX`mj-sb-°qSn ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠n-h-∂p. Aßs\ cma-N-cnXw Xan-sgt∂m ae-bm-f-sat∂m t]cn-Sm-\m-hmØ `mj-bn¬ Bbn-t∏m-bn. C∂pw \nc-h-[n-bmb ]T-\-ßƒ cma-N-cnX`mj-sb-°p-dn®v \S-°p-∂p. cma-N-cnX mjsb kwI-aW mj-sb∂pw]cn-h¿Ø\ `mj-sb∂pw A¥-cmfL´ `mj-sb∂pw hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-h-cp-ap-≠v.

ae-bmf `mtjm-Xv]-Øn-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ ]q¿h Xnangpae-bmfkn≤m-¥-]-Imcw Xan-gn\pw ae-bm-f-Øn\pw s]mXp-hmb Hcp L -ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv Ch kzX-¥-ß-fm-bn-Øo¿∂Xv kmh-[m-\-Øn¬ kw`-hn® ]h¿Ø-\-am-Wv. 12-˛mw iX-I-am-b-t∏m-tg°pw tIc-f-Øn-sebpw Xan-gv\m-´n-sebpw hyh-lmc `mj-Iƒ XΩn¬ ]I-S-ambNne hyXym-k-ßƒ cq]-s∏- n-cp-∂n-cn-°-Ww. C°m-e-b-f-hnepw sN¥-angv kmln-XyhpwkwkvIrX kmln-Xyhpw ChnsS ]N-cn-®n-cp-∂p. kz¥-amb kmlnXyØn\m-bp≈]cn -i-a -ßƒ XpS-ßp-∂Xv C°m-e-b-f -hn -embncn°-Ww. `mjmIuS-eo -bw,_“mWvU]pcmWw XpS-ßn-bh KZy-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ cq]-sa-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ, ]ZywkwkvIr-X-tØmSv B`n-ap-Jy-ap≈ aWn-]-hm-f-sa∂pw sN¥-angv ]mc-ºcyw kwc-£n-°p∂ ]ms´∂pw c≠v ssIh-gn-I-fmbn ]ncn-™p. cma-N-cnXw C°m-eØv D≠mb]m´p-Ir-Xn-bm-Wv. CXn¬ 14- mw \q‰m-≠nse tIcf hyh-lmc mjsb ZmhnUhrØn¬Zmhn-Um-£came amXw D]-tbm-Kn®v Imhym-fl-I-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

cma-N-cn-X-Ønse `mj kw`m-jW `mj-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Icp-Xm-\m-hn-s√∂v sP.]Zva-Ip-amcn Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p. AXv icn-bm-Wv. kw`m-jW `mj-bn¬ ImhymwiwIe¿Øn ]m´v F∂ kmln-Xy-cq-]-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb Nne am‰-ßƒ CXn¬ hcp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. C∂sØ ae-bm-f-hp-ambn hf-sc-b-[nIw hyXym-k-ßƒ cma-N-cn-X-Ønse`mj-bv°p-≠v. CXv ae-bm-f-Øns‚ amXw khn-ti-j-X-b-√. GsXmcp `mj-bn-sebpwBZy-Ime IrXn-Iƒ CØ-c-Øn¬ ImWp-∂p. Nµ-_¿Zm-bn-bpsS ]rYn-cmPku alm-Imhyw C∂sØ lnµn-bn¬\n∂pw hf-sc-tbsd hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. Xpf-ko-Zm-kns‚cma-N-cn-X-am-\kw Ah-[n- m-j-bnepw kq¿Zm-kns‚ Imhy-ßƒ hPv`m-j-bn-ep-am-Wv.]t£ Ch-sb√mw BZy-Ime lnµn-Im-hy-ß-fm-bn-Ø-s∂-bmWv \mw hnh-£n-°p-∂-Xv. Nne-∏-Xn-Im-c-Øn-te-Xn¬ \n∂pw hf-sc-tbsd hyXy-kvX-amWv C∂sØ Xan-gv.F∂n-cn-°nepw Nne-∏-Xn-Im-csØ Xan-gvIr-Xn-bmbn ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂p.

""Ct∏m-gsØ ae-bm-f-hp-ambn cma-N-cn-X-Ønse `mjsb Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºm-gmWv C∂sØ ae-bm-f-Øn-t‚-X-√m-ØXpw Xan-gn-t‚-sX∂v ]d-bm-hp-∂-Xp-amb ]Z-ßfpw ]tbm-K-ßfpw th¿Xn-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv.'' Fw.-Fw. ]pcp-tjm-Ø-a≥ \mb-cpsS Cu \nco-£Ww a\- n¬ h®p-sIm≠v cma-N-cn-X- m-jsb ]Tn-°m-\mWv ian-t°-≠-Xv. Cu coXn-bn-ep≈ GsXmcp ]T-\hpw 14˛mw \q‰m-≠nse tIcf`mj "]m´v'F∂ kmln-Xy-cq-]-Øn-\mbn hcp-Ønb \ho-I-c-W-]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS ^e-amWv cma-N-cn-X- m-j-sb∂v hy‡-am-°p-∂p.

cma-N-cnXw t]mep≈ ]uV-am-sbmcp _rl-ZvIm-hyhpw Xncp-\n-g¬ame t]msemcpP\-Iob Imhyhpw tN¿Øp-h-bv°p-tºmƒ \mw a\- n-em-°p-∂Xv ]m´p-]-ÿm\wAXn-hn-]p-e-am-sbmcp Imhy-hn- m-K-am-bn-cp∂p F∂ hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. AXn-Zp-X-am-sbmcp`mjm-hn-Imk]In-b-bn¬ \jvS-s∏-´p-t]mb Ht´sd IrXn-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°-Ww.aWn-]-hm-f-Øn\p e£-W-KŸw Na® eoemXne-I-Im-c≥ AXn¬\n∂p `n∂-amb



]mńs\ \n¿∆-Nn-°m\pw DZm-l-cn-°m-\pw Xøm-dm-bXv aWn-]-hm-f-sa-∂-t]mse ]mń\pw]m[m-\y-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m-emh-Ww. ae-bmfImhy]mc-º-cy-am-Ip∂ ]mIvX\NnX-Øns‚ kw]q-c-W-Øn\p klm-b-I-am-tb-°m-hp∂ Ht´sd IrXn-Iƒ C\nbpw Is≠-Øn-tb-°mw. ]m´p-]-ÿm-\sØ kw_-‘n® [mc-W-I-fpsS hn]p-eo-I-c-W-Øn\pw]mNo-\-amb mjm khn-ti-j-X-I-sf-°p-dn®pw kmwkvIm-cn-Im-h-ÿ-sb-°p-dn®pw IqSp-X¬ Adn-bp-∂-Xn\pw Cu hgn-°p≈ ]T-\-ßƒ C\nbpw D≠m-tI-≠-Xp-≠v.

hni-Z-]-T\w :cma-N-cnXw 1,2,3 ]S-e-ßƒ

H∂mw ]Sew

1 Im\-\-¶-fn-e-c≥ Ifn-dp-ambv Icn-Wn-bmbv

Im¿s\-Sp-¶-Æpa XΩn¬ hnf-bmSn \S‚˛

‚m\\w hSn-hp-≈m-\-h-Sn-hm-b-h-X-cn˛

ØmXntb! \√ hn-\m-b-I-s\-s∑m-c-a-et\!

Rm\n-sXm‚p Xp\n-bn‚-Xn-s\≥ am\-X-sa∂pw

\mfXm¿X-∂n¬ \nc-¥-c-an-cp-¥-cpƒ sXfn˛

¥q\-a-‰-dn-sh-\°p h∂p-Xn°pw hÆ-ta˛

bqgn-tb-gnepw \nssd¥ ad-Rm\ s]mcptf!

(]m-No\ Ihn-Iƒ CjvS-tZ-h-Xm-h-µ-\-tØmsS Imhyw Bcw- n-°p-∂p. cma-N-cn-X-Im-c\pw hnLvt\-iz-c-kvXp-Xn-tbmsS Imhyw XpS-ßp-∂p).

Bibw : Im\-\-ß-fn¬ lc≥ sImº-\m-\bpw IdpØ \o≠ IÆp-I-fp≈ ]m¿∆Xn]nSn-bm-\bpw Bbn Ifn®p \S∂ A∂v B\-bpsS BIr-Xn-bn-e-h-X-cn® apJ-Im-¥n-bp≈ BZn-]p-cpjm! hn\m-b-I≥ F∂-]-cn-ip≤ tZhm ! Ggp-tem-I-Ønepw \nd™thZ-km-cta ! Rm\n-t∏m-gm-cw- n-°p∂ Imcy-Øn\v, A\yq-\-amb Adnhv F\n-°p-≠m-I-Ø° hÆw Fs‚ am\-k-am-Ip∂ Xma-c-∏q-hn¬ F√vbvt∏mgpw Ccp-∂-cp-f-W-ta.

(Im-\-\-¶ƒ ˛ Im\-\-ßƒ, Ac≥ ˛ lc≥;inh≥, Ifn¿ ˛ sImº-\m-\, am\Xw ˛am\-kw, \mf-Xm¿- -\m-f-sØmSp IqSnb Xm¿, \nd¥ ˛ \nd-™, Rm\-s]m-cpƒ ˛ thZ-km-cw, hn\m-b-I≥ ˛ KW-]-Xn, DXn-°pI ˛ DZn-°p-I). kwkvIr-Xm-£-c-am-e-bnsei_vZ-ßƒ Zan-U-kw-Lm-Xm-£c \n_-≤-am-°p-tºmƒ hcp∂ am‰w i≤n-°-Ww.BZn˛ BXn, DZn-°pI DXn-°pI F∂o DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ t\m°p-I. tIcf ]mWo\ob-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂ \b-ßƒ Fßs\ ]h¿Øn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xpw i≤n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. "Im\-\-¶ƒ' A\p-\m-kn-Im-Xn-]-kcw sIm≠v Im\-\-ß-fmbpw "\nd¥' Xme-hym-tZiw sIm≠v "\nd™' F∂pw ]n¬°m-eØv amdp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

eo-em-Xn-e-I-Im-c≥ ]mń\p \¬In-bn-cn-°p∂ e£Ww ChnsS ]men-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.

I:î Zmhn-Um-£-c-ß-fn¬ \n_-‘n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

J:˛ FXpI ]men-®n-´p-≠v. (Im-\-\w, B\-\w, Rm\n-sXm-‚p, Du\-a-‰v) \mep]mZßfntebpw ]Y-am-£-c-ßƒ°v amXbpw HØp-h-∂n- p-≠v. (Im, B, Rm, Du)

K:˛ tam\bpw ImWp-∂p-≠v. Hmtcm ]mZ-Øn-s‚bpw ]Y-am¿≤-Øn-tebpw ZznXo-bm¿≤-Øn-tebpw A£-c-ßƒ Htc t]mse hcp∂p (Im ˛ Im,‚m ˛ Øm, Rm ˛ \m, ¥q ˛bq). kam-\m-£-c-]-Xo-Xn-bmWv tam\ sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv. Xan-gn-se-t∏m-se-Øs∂`mj-bnse ]mńepw A, B, sF, Hu F∂n-hbv°pw C, Cu, F, G F∂n-hbv°pwD, Du, H, Hm F∂n-hbv°pw N,-X-ßƒ°pw R,-\-ßƒ°pw a,-h-ßƒ°pw ]c-kv]cw



tam\-bm-Imw. Htc A£-c-Øns‚ bm¥n-I-amb Bh¿Ø-\-a-√, kam-\m-£c ]Xo-Xn-bm-Wn-hnsS ][m-\w.

L:˛ A¥m-Zn-]m-khpw D≠v. "Rm\-s]m-cptf' F∂v H∂m-asØ ]m´v Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p. "Rm\-sa-¶¬' F∂v c≠m-asØ ]m´v Bcw- n-°p-∂p.

2.Rm\-sa-¶¬ hnf-bn®p sXfn-bn-®n-\nb sNm¬˛

\mbn-tI, ]c-hbn¬Ønc-Iƒ t\cp-S-\p-S≥

tX\p-em-hn-\-]-Z-¶ƒ h¥p-Xnßn \nbXw

tNX-bpƒØp-S¿∂p tXm‚pw hÆ-an‚p-ap-X-embv

Du\-a-s‰gpw Ccm-a-N-cn-X-Øn-semcp sX˛

√qgn-bn¬s®-dn-b-h¿°-dn-bp-am-dp-c-sNbvhm≥

Rm\p-S-°n-\-Xn-t\-W-\-b-t\, \S-an-sS≥

\mhn-en-®-sbmSp h®-Sn-bn-W-°-a-e-Xm¿

Bibw :˛ A√tbm a[p-c-i-_vZ-ß-fpsS \mbn-I-bm-bn- p-≈-htf! GW-\-bt\! F∂n¬⁄m\w hn-f-bn®p sXfn-bn®v A\yq-\-amb cma-N-cn-X-Øns‚ Hcp `mKw `qan-bnsekm[m-c-W-°m¿°v Adn-bp-am-dp-c-sN-øm-\m-cw-`n-®-Xn-\v, kap-Z-Ønse Xnc-am-e-Iƒt]mse, tX≥ In\n-bp∂ ]Z-ßƒ Xnßn-h∂v a\- n¬ tXm∂-Ø-°-hn[w Fs‚\mhn¬ Xma-c-∏q-t]m-se-bp≈ \ns‚ Imep-Iƒ sIm≠v CjvSw t]mse \rØw sNbvXm-epw. (hm-KvtZ-h-Xsb ˛ kc-kz-Xn-sb, A\p-kva-cn-°p-∂p. kap-Z-Øn¬ Xnc-am-e-IƒF∂ t]mse tXs\m-en-°p∂ ]Z-ßƒ H∂n\p ]pdtI H∂mbn tXm∂-W-sa-∂-XmWv Ihn-bpsS ]m¿∞-\. Du\-a-s‰-gp-an-cm-a-N-cn-X-Øn-semcp sX√p amXta ]d-bp-∂p≈q F∂pw Dugn-bn¬ sNdn-b-h¿°-dn-bp-am-dp-c-sNbvhm\mWv BK-ln-°p-∂-sX-∂p-ap≈ ]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ it≤-bw. bp≤-Imfiw amX-amWv ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂-Xv.kap-Zm-b-Ønse hen-b-h¿°v kwkvIr-X-Im-hy-ßƒ ]cn-Nn-X-am-b-Xn-\m¬ km[m-c-W-°m¿°p hoc-c-k-]-[m-\-amb cma-IY a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n Ah-cpsS `mjm-ssi-en-bn¬ Fgp-Xp-∂p-sh-∂mWv Ihn ]d-bp-∂Xv).

3. Xmcn-W-¶n\ Xssg-°p-g¬ ae¿Ø-ø¬ apsse˛Ømh-f-Øn-en-f-sIm-≈p-a-c-hn-¥-\-b\mBc-W-¶-fn-seßpw ]c-a-tbm-In-I-fp-g˛‚mep-sa‚p-a-dn-hm-\-cnb Rm\-s]m-cp-tf,amcn h¥-sXmcp ama-e-sb-SpØp XSbpwamb-t\, Ac-N-\mbv \nNn-N-cm-Xn-]-Xnsbt]mcn¬ \o ap∂w apSn-Ø-a-sb-SpØp ]pI-gvhm≥t]mIn-t]m-I-N-b-\m, Ihn-sb-\-°-cpƒsN-tø.

Bibw : ]oen-Øn-cp-ap-Sn-bn¬ ]q NqSnb ]qam-Xns‚ ape-Ø-S-ß-fn¬ hni-an-°p∂Ac-hnµ \b\m! ]c-a-tbm-Kn-Iƒ thZ-ßƒ tXmdpw At\z-jn-®p-g-∂mepw Adn-bm≥]bm-k-amb ⁄m\-km-cta ! alm-]¿∆-X-sa-SpØv agsb XSp-Ø- am-bt\! (tKm-h¿≤-t\m-≤m-cW IY kqNn-Xw) A√tbm t`mKn-t`m-K-i-b\m! apºv Aßv cmPm-hmbn \nin-N-cm-[n-]-Xnsb bp≤-Øn¬ \in-∏n® IY ]pI-gvØp-∂-Xn\v th≠-XmbIhn-Xz-i‡n Acp-fn-s®-bvXm-epw. (t`m-Kn-t`mK ib-\≥/A\-¥-imbn ˛ hnjvWp; Cu]tbm-K-amWv Ihn Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØv io ]Zva-\m- s‚ Zmk\pw \m´p-Im-c-\p-am-sW∂vDuln-°m≥ Nnesc t]cn-∏n-®-Xv).(C-W-¶n\ ˛ CW-ßnb ; tN¿∂, Xg-°p-g¬ ˛ abn¬∏oen t]mse at\m-l-c-ambapSn ae¿Ø-ø¬ ˛ e£vao-tZ-hn, Cf-sIm-≈pI ˛ hni-an-°p-I)



4. Acpssh ]mXn-bp-cp-hmb ]ct\, Nc-W-Xm˛c°p-cp-¥p-sImSp X¥Xw \nss\-¥p-sImƒh-h˛¿°cnb h≥]n-d-hnbmw Xpb-c-dp-Øp-I-f-thm˛cNp-c-\m-N-I-ct\! hnN-b≥ hn¬Ø-Sn-bn-\m¬Xncp-hp-S-ºp-S-bp-am-d-d-¥-h-∂-]n-aXwsXfp-sX-fp-∏n¬ hnf-bn®p sXfn-bn® Nnh-t\,Ac-N-\mIn aXp-Nq-X-\-\n-cm-h-Ws\ sh˛‚a-sb-\°p ]pIgvhm≥ hgn hcw-X-∂-cp-tf.

Bibw : A¿≤-\m-co-iz-c-\mb ]cw-]p-cpjm! ]mZ-]fl-ßƒ AI-°p-cp-∂p-sIm≠vF√m-bvt∏mgpw Nn¥n-°p-∂-h¿°v ]bm-k-ta-dnb ]nd-hn-bm-Ip∂ ZpJw C√m-Xm°ns°mSp-°p∂ Akp-cm-¥Im! ico-c-ap-S-b-Ø-°-hÆw hnP-b≥ hn√p-sIm-≠-d-™-t∏mƒ Ah\v A`n-a-X-ß-sf√mw sImSpØv kt¥m-jn-∏n® inht\! a[p-kq-Z-\≥cmPm-hmbn ]nd∂v cmh-Ws\ sh∂Xv ]pI-gvØp-∂-Xn\v F\n°v hgn-t]mse hcwX∂-cp-fn-bm-epw.(A-cpssh ˛ kpµcn, Acp-ssh-]mXn Dcp-hmb ]c≥ ˛ A¿≤-\m-co-iz-c≥, inh≥,Xqb¿ ˛ Zp:Jw, hnN-b≥˛hn-P-b≥, Nnh≥˛ inh≥)

5. hgn-sb-\°p ]ng-bm-X-h-Æ-ap-‰-cpƒsN-sø≥a\-Ip-cp-¥n-en-f-sIm-≠p, ]p\¬ sIm≠p-h-Snhm˛s≠gp¥ sIm≠¬ ]Xdpw s\dn-X-g™ Ipgeo!Cf-a-Xn°p Xqb¿s]m-ßn-hn-f-ßn‚ \pXeo!Npge \n‚-In-e-temIw hW-¶n‚ Igeo!XpIn¬ ]pen-sØm-en-sIm-≈n‚-c-\p-X≥ IÆn-W-s]˛´gn-hp-s]´ ae¿hn-√n-sb-b-\-¶s\˛b∆-f-hp-tXm-‰n\ s]cp-∏-ap≈ sh∏n≥ aItf

Bibw : \ocp≠p hSn-hm≠ sIm≠-en\p ]X-dn® \¬Ip-∂Xpw Xg-®-Xp-amb Xe-ap-Sn-tbmSp IqSn-b-htf! Nµ-°-ebv°p Zp:Jap-≠m°n hnf-ßp∂ ^me-]-tZ-i-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-htf! Np‰n\pw \n∂v F√m temIcpw hW-ßp∂ ]mZ-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-htf! hkvX-ambv ]pen-tØm¬ [cn-°p∂ inhs‚ ^me-t\-X-Øn¬ s]´p\in® Ima-tZ-hs\AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ Pohn-∏n-°-Ø° al-Xz-ap≈ ae-a-Itf! Fs‚ a\-°p-cp-∂n¬ hni-an®v hgn-]n-g-bv°m-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥ Zb Im´n-bm-epw. (a-e¿hn-√n-sb-b-\-¶s\;˛ kwkvIr-X-`m-j-bn-te-t∏msehnti-j-W-hn-ti-jy-s∏m-cpØw hcp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.)(A-cpƒ ˛ Zb-hv, ]p\¬ ˛ sh≈w, \qX¬˛ s\‰n, Ac-\p-X¬°Æv ˛ inhs‚ ^me-t\-Xw, sh¿∏v ˛ ae, Agnhv ˛ \miw)

6. aI-c-tI-X-\-\psS sN\-I-\m-b¿a-I-\mbvhf-cp-sa-¶ƒ adn-am-b≥ aWn-am¿hn-en-f-sIm˛≠In-e-tem-I-ß-fnepw \nd-™p-\n-∂-cp-fpthm˛ca-e-tIm-a-f-]-tbm-Xn-X-\-tb, Ac-N-\mbvsNI-¶-tfgpw De-bn-°p-a-∂n-Nm-N-c-h-c≥Nnc-ßƒ ]Øp-a-ß-dpØ a\p-ho-c-N-cnXw]pI-gp-sa-s∂-bn∂p t\m°n-b-cpƒhm-°p-Sb th¬˛s]mcpXp tNen-S-™n-gp‚n\ IS-°¨ ap\-bm¬

Bibw : Ima-tZ-hs‚ ]nXm-hmbn Bb¿Ip-e-Øn¬ P\n-®p-h-f-cp∂ Rß-fpsS adn-am-b-°m-c-\mb ioIr-jvWs‚ aWn-am-dn¬ hni-an-®p-sIm≠v AJn-e-tem-I-ß-fnepw\nd-™p-\n\-∂-cp-fp-∂-hfpw ]cn-ip-≤bpw kpµ-cnbpw ]mem-gn-a-¶-bp-amb tZho!cmPm-hmbn Ggp-tem-I-hp-ap-e-bv°p∂ B \nim-N-c-h-cs‚ inc p ]Øpw Adp-Øp-I-f™a\p-ho-cs‚ NcnXw ]pI-gvØp∂ Fs∂ `wKn-bp≈ then\p Xpeyhpw Icn-ao≥ CS-™p-tXm-‰-Xp-amb IS-°¨ ap\-bm¬ A\p-K-ln-®m-epw. (a-I-c-tI-X-\≥ ˛ a’ywsImSn-b-S-bm-f-am-bn-´p-≈-h≥; Ima-tZ-h≥, ioIr-jvW\v cp‹n-Wn-bn-ep-≠mb ]Zypav--\≥ Ima-tZ-hs‚ Ah-Xm-c-am-Ip-∂p).



(]-tbm-Xn-X-\b ˛ ]memgn a¶, sNI-¶ƒ ˛ PK-ßƒ, temI-ßƒ, tN¬ ˛ Hcp-Xcwa’yw)

7. CS™ Zm\-hsc thcd apSn-°p-a-S-en¬ h≥˛]ne-Ip-an-¥n-c-\p-a¶n \a\pw \ncp-XnbpwIpSn-e-hm-cn-]-Xn-bp-a-f-tI-N-\c\pwIpfn¿\n-em-a-Xn-sh-tøm-\p-ap-c-Im-Xn-]-XnbpwhSn-hp-tN-c-h-\n-amXp ab\pw hnÆ-hcpwabn-S-\m-Nn-\nbpw ap°-Æ≥ I\¬°-Æn-se-gpwsImSnb ss]c-hnbpw B\-\-ß-fm-dp-≈-h\pwIpXp-a-hm-W-\p-sa-\°p XpW-bm-I-bn-Xnt\

Bibw : ][m\ tZh-Isf Hmtcm ]m´n¬ ]Io¿Øn-®-Xn-\p-tijw a‰p tZh-∑mscChnsS A\p-kva-cn-°p-∂p. FXn-cn´ Akp-c-∑msc kaqew apSn-°p∂ t]mcn¬ hº-\mb Cµ\pw A·nbpw ba\pw \ncr-Xnbpw hcp-W\pw hmbphpw Ipt_-c\pw Cuim-\\pw Nµ\pw kqcy\pw k¿∏-cm-P\pw Ag-Im¿∂ `qamXpw _“mhpw tZh-∑mcpwaln-jm-kp-c-a¿±n-\nbpw (Zp¿§) ap°-Æs‚ Xo°-Æn¬ \n∂p-≠mb b-¶-cn-bmb ss`c-hnbpw j◊p-J\pw Ima-tZ-h\pw CXn\v F\n°p XpW-bm-I-s´. ("C-S™p Zm\-hsc'F∂ ]mThpw ImWp-∂p-≠v. inhs\ apt∂-Xs∂ hµn®p Ign-™-Xn-\m¬ ChnsSImWp∂ "Ac≥' Cuim-\-\m-Im-\mWp km[y-X).(Zm-\-h¿˛ Akp-c-∑m¿, AS¬ ˛ bp≤w, htøm≥ ˛ kqcy≥, Dc-Im-Xn-]Xn ˛ k¿∏cmPm-hv, Ab≥ ˛ AP≥: _“m-hv, abn-S-\m-Nn\n ˛ aln-j-\m-in-\n)

8. XpW-sb-\-°n-Xn\p an°-h-cp, apƒ°-\-tad ˛®pcp-¶n-t\m-c-Ip-Xn-sb‚-dn™p \√-h-sc-√mw,]Wn-bn-X¿°n-h-s\-\-°-cpXn s\mø-h¿I-fpw,]I-b-cm-h-Xn-\-∏-sc-t∂msSm∏-ap-S-tbm¿,]nW-ßp-thm-cn-√-sb∂pw s]mgpXp t]mbn-S-bn-S˛∏ng-ap-gp-°n-epw, F\-sØ-fn-™-c-°sc ap∂waWn-h¿Æ≥ a\p-N\m-bvs∏m-cp-X-t]m¿s°m-Sp-a-X≥hgn-bp-ssc-∏-Xn\p tImen-\-sX≥ taX-sIm-Sp-Rm≥.

Bibw : an° Bfp-I-fp-sSbpw XpW X\n-°p-s≠∂p Ihn Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]mfin-Xy-ta-sd-bn-√mØ AK-Xn-sb∂p IcpXn \√-hcpw Ch-s\-s°m-≠nXp ]bm-k-am-WvF∂p IcpXn \n m-c-∑mcpw Fs∂-Øp-W-bv°pw. F\n-s°m-∏-ap-≈-h-cm-Is´ FXn-cm-fn-I-fm-Im≥ aSn-bp-≈-h-cm-Wv. CS-bv°nsS ]ng-Iƒ ]‰n-bmepw ]nW-ßp-∂-hcpw C√.Cß-s\-sbms° hnNm-cn®v a\- p-sX-fn™v apºv aWn-h¿Æ≥ a\p-jy-\m-b-h-X-cn®vcm£-k-scmSp sNbvX `b-¶-c-bp-≤-Øns‚ IY Fs‚ _p≤n-s°m-Ø-hÆw h¿Wn-°p∂Xn\v Rm≥ Btem-Nn-°p-∂p.(Np-cp¶n ˛ Npcp-ßn, AIpXn ˛ AKXn, s\mø-h¿Iƒ ˛ \n m-c-∑m¿;Zp¿∫-e¿, tImen-\Xv ˛ Bcw-`n-°p-∂p)

9. taX \¬IpI Iho-¥n-c-cn¬ apºp-Sb hm˛∑oInbpw ]ns∂ hnbm-X-\p-sa-\-°-Xn-I-ambvthX-hnØp \√-I-Øn-b-s\mtcm hI-hssIthcn-Xn-gv°n\ Xan-gv°hn ]ssSØ ap\nbpwHmX-bn¬ Xpbn-ep-a-Æ¬ hnÆp-fm¿ ]pIg h˛¥qgn-bn¬ XN-c-X≥ X\-b-\m-b-h-X-cn˛ØmXn-Im-e-ap-≈-cp-s¥m-gn¬Iƒ sNbvXh Ign˛™mgn-am-\n-\nsb ao≠ hgn Iqdp-a-Xn-\m-bv.



Bibw: Nocm-a-Ihn ]q¿∆-I-hn-Isf kvacn-°p-∂p. Iho-µ-cn¬ BZy-\mb hm¬ao-Inbpw ]ns∂ hymk\pw thZ-hn-Ømb AK-kvXy\pw tX≥ In\n-bp∂ Xan-gv°-hnX\n¿Ωn® ap\nbpw tZh-∑m¿ kvXpXn-®-t]-£n-®-t∏mƒ Dugn-bn¬ Zi-c-Y-]p-X-\mbvAh-X-cn®v BZy-Im-eØv Akm-[m-c-W-Ir-Xy-ß-sf√mw sNbvXv iocm-a≥ Bgn-am-Xns\ hos≠-Sp-ØXp ]d-bp-∂-Xn\v _p≤nbpw Hm¿Ωbpw \¬I-tW. (th-cn-Xn-gv°n\Xan-gv°-hn-]-ssSØ ap\n "\Ωmƒhm¿' Bbn-cn-°mw. "\√-I-Øn-b-s\mtcm ]X-ßsf'F∂ ]mThpw D≠v).(taX ˛ ta[; _p≤n, HmX ˛ kap-Zw, Xpbn¬ ˛ Dd-°w, AÆ¬ ˛ Cuizc≥, Acp-s¥m-gn¬Iƒ ˛ Akm-[m-c-W-]-hr-Øn-Iƒ, Bgn-am-\n\n ˛ e£vao tZho).

10. Bgn-am-Xns\ \nNm-N-c-h-c≥ Ih¿∂p-sIm˛≠mSn-am-X-¶ƒ hcpw ap∂w ad-¥-h-gntbDugn-aoXp \S-∂‚p Ihn-a-∂-\p-d-hm˛tbmSn \mSp-sI-th-b-cn-Iƒ \mep XnssNbpwIogp-taepw hn\-hn‚-f-hn¬ hmbp-X-\-b≥tISn-√mX aXn-sbmSp Xnc-sbmgn IS-∂˛Ωmg-\oƒan-gnsb ssaXn-ensb t\Sn-sbm-cn-cm˛am¬ ]p\-¥-a-bp-ssc-∏-Xn-\-cn-∏-sa-ß-fm¬

Bibw : cma-N-cn-X-Øns‚ apJ-hp-c-bmbn Icp-Xm-hp∂ H≥]Xp ]m´p-Iƒ°p tijwIY-bn-te°v ]th-in-°p-∂p. koXm-tZ-hnsb cmh-W≥ A]-l-cn-®p-sIm≠v h¿j-Im-e-amhpw ap≥t] ad-™-h-gnsb iocm-a≥ `qan-bn-eqsS \S∂ B ImeØv hm\-c-cm-Pmhv (kp-Kn-h≥) "kvt\l-tØmsS HmSn At\z-jn-°p-hn≥' F∂p ]d-™-X-\p-k-cn®v hm\-c-∑m¿ \mep Zn°nepw Iogpw taepw At\z-jn-°p-∂-Xmb kµ¿`-Øn¬hmbp-]p-X-\mb l\p-am≥ ]ng-bv°mØ _p≤n-tbm-Sp-IqSn alm-k-apZw IS∂v Ag-Im¿∂, \o≠ angn-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb ssaYn-ensb At\z-jn-®-Xmb B cmXn A\p-`-hn® Zp:Jw h¿Wn-°pI F\n°p ]bm-k-ap-≈-Xm-Wv.(B-Sn-amkw ˛ I¿°n-S-I-amkw /h¿j-Im-ew, \mSpI ˛ At\z-jn-°p-I, Xnb ˛ Zni,hn\-hn‚-fhv ˛ sN∂v At\z-jn-°p∂ kµ¿ -Øn¬, amg-\oƒangn ˛ Ag-Ip≈ ItÆm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hƒ, ]p\-¥-a˛ [cn-®, Acn∏w ˛ ]bm-kw)

11. am¬ ]p\-¥-h-\-dn¥W-™-ß-¶p-eo-bhpwame-hm¿Ip-g-en-segpw aWn ssIs°m≈pw apt∂th¬ s]mcp∂ angn-bmƒ°p \¬In-b-s∏m-gp-XntetaXn¬ hogv¥-Sn-]-Sn¥p hnSbpw sXmgp-Xp-t]mbvtN¬ s]mcp-¥p-a-cn-ho-c≥ Ae-sbmgn IS-∂˛Øoc-sa-bvXn-cp-s∂m¨ Ihn-Iƒ Nqgv¥n-\mb ss]˛ºm¬ s]mcp¥pw samgn-bm¬ samgn-¥-\≥ sXmgp-sX√mw]m¿a-∂≥ Xs∂mSp ssaXn-en-bptS Ncn-X-ta.

Bibw : Aßs\ Zp:Jw kln® l\p-am≥ koX Ccn-°p∂ ÿew Adn™vAßp sN∂v, koX Idp-Ø-ap-Sn-bn¬ [cn-®n-cp∂ cXv\w (Nq-Um-a-Wn) kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p ap≥]mbn th¬ t]mse Iq¿∂ IÆp-I-fp≈ tZhn°v AwKp-eobw \¬In.At∏mƒØs∂ `qan-bn¬ hoWv Im¬°¬ \a-kvI-cn®v bmXbpw ]d™v `wKn-tb-dnb/ kz`m-h-Kp-W-am¿∂ hm\-c-ho-c≥ kap-Zhpw IS-∂v Xo-csØØnb hm\-c-∑m-cm¬ Np‰-s∏´v a[p-c-ap≈ \dpw ]men\p tbmPn® samgn-bm¬ iocm-a-t\mSp koXm-hr-Øm-¥-ßƒ ]d-™p. (I-]n-°p Ihn-sb-∂mWp ]gb cq]w).



(am-e-hm¿Ip-g¬ ˛ Ccp≠p at\m-l-c-amb apSn, Xocw FbvXn ˛ Xocw ]m]n-®p, C\nb˛ a[p-c-ap≈, ]m¿a-∂≥ ˛ cmPm-hv)c≠mw ]Sew

1. ssaXn-en-X-∂psS Ncn-X-sa√mw hm\-c-ho-c-\p-ssc-°-t°´psNbvXa \‚p \ob‚p-ssc-Øp-tØ≥ samgn-bmsf \n\-¥n-cp¥ps]bvX\ IÆp-\o-tcm-Sp-Iq-S-t∏-s∏-Sp-∂-c-N-s\-sØm-gp-X-ssW¥pssIX-h-ta-Xp-an-√mX hoc≥ Ihn-Ip-e-Ø-c-N¿°p-a-c-N≥ sNm∂m≥.

Bibw: hm\-c-ho-c-\mb l\p-am≥ koX-bpsS Ncn-X-sa√mw sNm∂-Xp-tI´v "\osNbvXXp \∂mbn' F∂p ]d™v tX≥ samgn-bm-sf-∏‰n (ko-Xsb) hnNm-cn®v IÆo-scm-en-∏n®p Zp:Jn°p∂ iocm-as\ sXmgp-Xp-sIm≠v I]-S-sam-∂p-an-√mØ hoc-\mbhm\-c-Ip-e-cm-Pmhv kpKo-h≥ Cßs\ ]d-™p.

2. Ac-N¿IƒtIm-t\, tat∑-ecpw Xpb¿ ]nSn-Øo-hÆw]pcn-Ip-g-emsf \Æn-t∏m-°p-h-X√ ImewCcp-]Xp Ic-¶ƒ X¶pw Ce-¶-th-¥-s\-sbm-cn-°m¬Icp-XpI IfI tNmIw ssIs°mƒI tIm]-an-t∏mƒ

Bibw : (kpKo-h-hm-Iyw) A√tbm cmPm-[n-cm-P≥ ho≠pw ho≠pw sImSnb B[n-]n-Sn®v Cu hn[w ]nb-sb-®n-¥n®v Imew If-bp-∂Xp \∂-√. Ccp-]-Xp-I-c-ß-fp≈e¶m-[n-]s\ Hcn-°¬ hnNm-cn-®v, timIw Dt]-£n®v Ct∏mƒ tIm]w hcn-°p-I. (c,e F∂o A£-c-ßƒ kzcw tN¿tØ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p-≈q. Ce¶ ˛ Ccm-h-W≥,Ce-°-W≥, Cc-≠v, Ccm-a≥ F∂n-ß-s\).

3. ssIs°mƒI tIm]-tØmsS IXn¿hn-√p-aºpw; X°n≥˛Xn°n\p \S-°p-amdp Xncp-hp-≈-am-hp-XmIC°≠ ]S-X-Sp-∏m≥ Ggn-c-≠p-e-Ip-an-t∏m˛sgm°n-ep-a-cn-∏-sa‚m¬ Hcp-h-cm-cp-e-In-ep-t≈m¿

Bibw : tIm]-am¿∂v Xnf-ßp∂ hn√p-aºpw FSp-°p-I. sX°p-Zn-°n-te°v \S-°m≥Xncp-hp-≈-am-bm-epw. C°≠ ]Ssb XSp-°m≥ ]Xn-\m-ep-temIw H-Øp-tN¿∂mepw]bm-k-am-sW-∂n-cns° BcmWv `qan-bn¬ Hcmƒ XS-bm-\p-≈-Xv.

4. Hcp-h-cm-cp-e-In¬ \nt∂m-sSm-∏-ap-≈-h-sc, s‚√mwDc-anIpw Np°n-co-h≥ DW¿Øn-\-h-¥-c-Øn¬Ac-N¿tIm-\-\p-a≥ Xt∂m-SWn ]pI-gn-e-¶-th-t¥≥Ncn-Xhpw \I-cn-ep≈ Na-bhpw \o sNms√‚m≥.

Bibw: \nt∂m-sSm∏w temI-Øn¬ Bcm-Wp-≈Xv ? Fs∂√mw kpKo-h≥DW¿Ønb kabw iocm-a≥ l\p-am-t\mSv ]pI-gm¿∂ e¶m-[n-]s‚ Ncn-Xhpw \K-c-Ønse Hcp-°hpw sNm√pI F∂p ]d-™p.

5. sNm√n-\m-\-h-\n-e¶ Npg‚p≈ InS-ßnSw sIm ˛

≠n√ Iosgm-Sp-°-taXpw, CS-I-e¿¥n-S-hn-SmsX

\√-hmƒ Ip¥w Nqew \dp-¥-fn-I-ssS¥ \q‰n ˛

s°m√nsb‚nh \ndp-Øn-s°m-Sp-∏-am-≠n-cn-∏p-tX-gpw.

Bibw : C\n-bp≈ GXm\pw ]m´p-Iƒ l\p-ams‚ e¶m-h¿W-\-am-Wv.

e¶sb®p‰n-bp≈ InSßv hnkvXmcw sIm≠pw Bgw sIm≠pw Ah-km-\-an-√m-Ø-XmWv (A-Xn-hn-kvXr-Xhpw AXy-Km-[hpw F∂p kmcw). CS-I-e¿∂pw CS-hn-Sm-sXbpw\√ hmƒ, Ip¥w, iqew, NmWbv°p ]nSn®pw cmInbpw shSn-∏m-°nb \q‰n-s°m√n(i-X-Lv\n) F∂o Bbp-[-ßƒ Dd-∏n-®p-\n¿Øn-bn-´p≈ `b-¶-c-ß-fmb InS-ßp-I-fmWv Ah Ggpw. e¶sb Np‰n-bp≈ Ggp-In-S-ßp-I-fpsSbpw `nØn-bn-emWv Bbp-[-



ßƒ \n¿Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn-\p-≈n¬ \nd-®n-cn-°p∂ Pe-Øn¬ hoWm¬ Ic-I-b-dm-\p≈ _p≤n-ap´v kv]jvS-am-°p∂ h¿W-\-bm-Wn-Xv.

6. Ggn\papf IS-∏m-\n-b-¥n-c-∏mew Np‰pw,Iog-dp-ah \nss\-¥m¬ tIhew ]I-tbm-sc-√mw,tImg-b-‰Xp Ing-°n≥ tIm]pcw Im∏m≥ \nev]¿Dugn-sb-bp-sse°mw hoc¿ Hcp-]-Xn-\m-bncw Im¨

Bibw: InS-tßgpw IS-°p-∂-Xn\v Np‰pw b¥-∏mew D≠v. Ah-tb-°p-dn®p hnNm-cn-°p-tºmƒØs∂ iXp-°-sf√mw a\- m-∂n-[y-an-√m-Ø-h-cm-IpI Xs∂ sNøpw (Io-sg-∏-Xn-°pI Xs∂ sNøpw). A\yq-\-amb Ingt° tKm]pcw Im°m≥ `qan-sb-hn-d-∏n-°m≥ t]m∂ ]Xn-\m-bncw hoc-∑m¿ \nev]p-≠v.

7. Hcp ]Xn-\m-bn-c-tØm-sSm-sØm-cp-Øt\ t]m¿ sNøm-h˛Xncp-]-Xn-\m-bncw sX°n-c- n-bp-≠-Xn¬ hSt°mapc-sWmSp Im∏m≥ sNtΩ ap∏-Xn-\m-bncw h≥˛]c-hbpw Ipebv°mw hoc¿ ]®n-a-Xn-N-bp-tf-Xpw.

Bibw : Hcp ]Xn-\m-bncw t]tcmSv H‰bv°p \n∂p t]mcm-Sm≥ Ign-bp-∂-h-cmb Ccp-]-Xn-\m-bncw t]¿ sXt°-tKm-]p-c-Ønepw AXns‚ Cc´n hS°pw D≠v. alm-k-ap-Zhpw InSp-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ ap∏-Xn-\m-bncw hoc¿ ]Sn-™mtd Zn°nepw D≠v. (\mepZn°nepw IqSn Hcp e£w t]cmWv \K-csØ ImØp-t]m-cp-∂-Xv).

8. XnN-I-fn-te-Xn¬ ]mXn Xn◊tN¿ \Sp-hp-Im-∏m≥aN-I-d-b-Xn-en-c´n a¥n-c-Nme Im∏m≥,IpN¬anIpw ab-\m-Nmcn Iph-c\p NssaØ tImbn¬XN-ap-I-\n-c-∏-sX‚m¬ Na-b-am-c-Xn-\p-ssc-t∏m¿?

Bi-bw: \mep-Zn-°p-I-fn-ep-ap-≈-Xn¬ ]IpXn ]S-bm-fn-Iƒ Dd-∏p-ff a[y- mKw Im°p-∂-Xn\pw a¥-ime Im°m≥ AXn-en-c- nbpw Imh-ep-≠v. Iuie-Øn¬ anI® ab≥F∂ inev]n Ipt_-c\p th≠n Na® sIm´m-c-Øn¬ Zi-ap-J-\n-cn-°p-∂p. B sIm´m-c-Øns‚ Hcp-°-ß-sf-°p-dn®v ]d-bp-∂-Xn-\m¿°p Ignbpw ? (Ip-t_-c\p th≠n \n¿Ωn®Cu sIm´mcw Ipt_-cs\ HmSn®v cmh-W≥ ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. \Sp- mKwIm°m≥ Aº-Xn-\m-bn-chpw a¥-ime Im°m≥ Hcp e£hpw ]S-bm-fn-Iƒ D≠v).

9. Dssc-∏-Xm¿ I≠p aot≠m-cp-dp-Xnbpw \I-cn-X-∂n¬Ccn-∏-h¿ s]cn-∏-sa-¶p-an-S-I-e¿¥n-S-hn-Sm-sX,\nssc-s°mtcm ]mtS NmSpw \nNm-N-c¿s]-cpa ]ns∂Dssc-°-em, aXn¿°p-ap-∂-ep-g-dn-bm‚p-c-∏≥ hocm !

Bibw : e¶m-\-K-c-Øns‚ Dd∏pw \K-c-hm-kn-I-fpsS s]cp-∏hpw s]cp-abpw I≠vaS-ßn-h∂p ]d-bm≥ B¿°p Ignbpw ? CS-I-e¿∂pw CS-hn-Sm-sXbpw \nc∂p \n∂vAShp ]b-‰p∂ cm£-k-∑m-cpsS s]cpa ]ns∂-∏-d-bmw. AXn\p apt∂ thK-Øn¬Rm≥ H∂p ]d-bmw.

10. hoc¿X≥ aWn-hn-f-t°, sas∑m-gn-bm-sf-°m-◊m≥Bsc-\-°p-X-Ip-thm-sc‚-I-a-g‚p-g‚ t\cwXmcnssS aWw ]pW¿¥p Xcp--\nc XssS-¥p-t]m¥amcpX tXh≥ h¥p hgn-bn-sX‚-cp-fn-s®-bvXm≥

Bibw : hoc-∑m¿°p a\n-hn-f-°m-bp-≈-h-t\, arZp- m-jn-Wn-sb-°m-Wm≥ Bsc-\n°vDXIpw F∂v D≈w X]n®v Ae™p t\cw ]q°-fpsS kpK‘w ]pW¿s∂-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v Xcp-\n-c-I-fn¬ XS™v aµ-ambn hoinb hmbp- -K-hm≥ "hgn CXmWv' F\∂pkqNn-∏n®v A\p-K-ln-®p. (l-\p-ams‚ ]nXm-hmWv hmbp `K-hm≥).



11. Acpƒ sNbvX hgntb t]mbv \√-tNm-I-am-h-\nI ]q°p∂nc ]e-hm-bv®p-g‚ \nNm-N-cn-am¿°p-ap-≈n¬Hcp s]cp-a-Xn≥Io-gp-S¬ s]mSn-b-Wn¥p Ipºn˛´cp-h-b¿a-Wn-sb-°-t≠-\-I-e-th-bn-cp-¥-hm-dpw.

Bibw: hmbp-`-K-hm≥ kqNn-∏n® hgntb -t]mbn Atim-I-h-\n-I-bn¬ ]th-in®v]e-\n-c-bmbv Np‰n-bn-cp-∂n-cp∂ \nim-N-cn-am-cpsS \Sp-hn¬ Hcp s]cp-a-c-Øn≥ (inw-i-]m-hr-£-sØ-bmWv Ihn kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv) Nph- n¬ DS¬ apgp-h≥ s]mSn-b-Wn™vIpºn- n-cn-°p∂ kpµ-co-c-Xv\-amb koXsb AIse Ccp-∂-t∏mƒØs∂ Rm≥ I≠p.aq∂mw ]Sew

1 Ccp¥hÆ-ta-bn-cpƒa-ssd-¥n-Xn-S-Xq-c˛∏c¥ IpssSbpw- Xssgbpw sh¨N-hcn a‰pwIc-¥p aS-hm¿ XpXnsNø-°-\n-hn¬ h¥m˛\ncp≠ apIn¬t]m-se-gp-an-cm-h-W-\n-X-Øm¬

Bibw: Aßs\bncp-∂-t∏mƒ Ccp´p ad-™p.-C-S-Xq¿∂p ]c∂ ]Sbpw IpS sh©m-acw XpS-ßnb cqP-Io-b-Nn-”-ßfpw Dds° kvXpXn sNøp∂ kpµ-cn-amcpw F√m-ambn Im¿ap-In¬ t]mse tim`n-°p∂ cmh-W≥ I\n-hn-b∂v k¥p-jvS-\mbn h∂p-tN¿∂p. ˛ (Zo]-ß-fp-sSbpw cXv\-ß-fp-sSbpw ] -bm¬ Ccp´p ad-™p-sht∂m t\cwshfp-Øp-sht∂m ChnsS A¿∞w ]d-bmw)

2 CX-sØm-S-h≥h-¥-ssW-™n-ssa-∏-Xn-\p-apt∂IpXn-®p-a-d-t¥≥ Ipfn-cnfw Xfn-cn-SssSt∏mbv]XØfn-cn¬ hoÆp ]X-dn-°p-e™p Nme˛ØpXnØp ]ns∂ \mep hgnbpw sXmgpXpsNm∂m≥

Bibw:(l-\p-a-Zzm-Iyw) Ah≥ kt¥m-j-tØmsS h∂-Sp-Ø-t∏mƒ Hcp \nanjwsIm≠v Ipfn¿a-bp≈ Cfw-X-fn-cp-I-fpsS CS-bnte°v IpXn®p Rm≥ Hfn-®p. cmh-W-\m-Is´ Xfn-cp-t]mse at\m-l-c-amb koX-bpsS ]mZ-ß-fn¬hoWv ]cn- -an®v GsdkvXpXn-®n´v F√m-co-Xn°pw sXmgpXp sNm∂p.

3 sNm∂h ]gn-sØmcp sNm√m-ep-c-sN-bvXm-sfm˛‚∂-\-ssSbmƒ; ]ns∂-b-Xp°p Nn\-ao-Sn.\n∂p-S¬ ]nf¿¥p \nv-Whpw ]cp-In-bn-t∏m˛sg∂n-S¿ sISp-∏-\n-\n-sb-s‚-h-\-ssW¥m≥

Bibw: cmh-W≥ ]d-™-Xns\ \nµn®v A∂-\-S-bmƒ Htc-sbmcp hm°v Dc-sN-bvXp.AXp-tI´v tIm]w h¿≤n®v C\n \ns‚ DS¬ ]nf¿∂v c‡w IpSn®v Fs‚ Zp:JwC√m-Xm°pw F∂p ]d™v tIm]-tØmsS Ah≥ ASp-Øp.

4 AssW¥ Ic-hmƒ Xncp-hp-Sºnhangpw ap≥IpWwInf¿ \nNm-Ncn IpXn-Øp-]n-Sn-s]- mƒaWw-X-Ip- a-e¿°p-g¬ aS-¥-b-sc-√mcpwhW¶ aX-aoSn \S-sIm-≠-h≥ assd-¥m≥

Bibw:tIm]n-jvT-\m-bn- -W™ cmh-Ws‚ Ic-hmƒ koX-bpsS ico-c-Ø-angpw aptºKpW-h-Xn-bmb Hcp cm£kn IpXn®p sN∂p ]nSn-®p. aW-ap≈ ae¿ apSn-bn-e-Wn-™n- p≈ kpµ-cn-am¿ hW-ßth h¿≤n® aZ-tØmsS Ah≥ (cm-h-W≥) \S∂p ad-™p. KpW-h-Xn-bmb Cu cm£kn aWvtUm-Zcnsb∂v Fgp-Ø-—\pw [\y-am-en-\n-sb∂v hmevao-Inbpw ]d-bp-∂p.



5 assd-¥-\-\-c-°≥, hf¿Nq-e-ßfpw hmfpw\nd-¥\ Npg-s‚gpw \nNm-N-cn-Iƒ Iøn¬;]ssd¥p XpSßn Nne¿ \ns∂-∏n-cn-™-Xn¬ ]n≥ad-¥-\-\n-cm-a\nßp h‚-Xp-an-s√‚pw

Bibw: cm£-k≥ ad-™p. Np‰n\pw \n∂n-cp∂ \nim-N-cn-I-fpsS ssIbn¬ henbiqe-ßfpw hmfpw \nd-™p. Nne¿ Cßs\ ]d-™p-Xp-S-ßp-Ibpw sNbvXp.-˛-cm-a≥\ns∂ ]ncn-™-Xn¬∏ns∂ ad-∂p.-Cßp h∂-Xp-an-√.

6 F‚p-an\n \nß-fn-e-W-™n-W-ßn-hmcm;a‚n-ep-bn-tcm-S-h\p hmgp-an√ \oWmƒ;sh‚n-In-f¿\mSp shdp-tX-I-f-™p-t]m-∂m≥F‚p-sa-fn-tbm≥ s]cn-I-tX-bn-Xn\p aqew.

Bibw: cm£-kn-am¿ XpS¿∂p......-C\n Hcn-°epw \nßƒ XΩn¬ H∂n®v CW-ßp-I-bn-√. `qan-bn¬ Ah\v \o≠-\mƒ Pohn-X-hp-an-√. hnPbw Ie¿∂ \mSv shdpsXIf™p t]mcn-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXn\p ImcWw as‰m-∂p-a√ .. Ah≥ F∂pw XoscXmWn-bn-√m-Ø-h≥ Xs∂.

7 aqe-an√ ap∂-an-∂n-Nm-N-c-h-c-∑m¿Nme shSn-hm-\h\,tXm Nc-X-an∂pwIme-an-S-bn-´-dn-bemw Ign-™-sh√mw\oe-\-bt\!\ne \n\-°n-X sNm√nt‚mw

Bibw: Cu \nim-N-c-ti-jvT-∑m¿ \ns∂ ]q¿W-ambpw Dt]-£n-∏m≥ Imc-W-sam-∂p-an-√.-cm-a\v AXp kq£va-am-bn-´-dn-bmw.-A-sX√mw Imew sN√p-tºmƒ Adn-bm-dm-Ipw. Imcy-ß-fpsS bYm¿∞- ÿnXn Ign-bp-∂n-S-tØmfw Rßƒ ]d-™p-X-cp-∂p.

8 C‚p-ap-X-em-bn-\n-bn-cm-I-h-\n¬ \n∂--˛sºm‚p hf-cn‚n-Xnßp cmh-W-\n-em-\m¬h‚ ]ng-sb¥p? hf¿]-≈n-bd ]qhm-\n‚p-Xp-\n-™m--en-S¿ \n\-°d \ne-bv°pw

Bibw: cmL-h-\n¬ hf-cp-∂-Xmb \ns‚ kvt\lw C∂p-ap-X¬ cmh-W-\n-em-bm¬hcp∂ ]ng-sb-¥mWv? cmh-Ws‚ aln-a-tb-dnb ]≈n-bdbn¬ ]th-in-°p-∂-Xn\pXp\n-™m¬ C∂p \ns‚ Zp:Jß-sf√mw Ah-km-\n-°pw.

9 \nsse-°-bn√ \n≥ s]cp-a-sb-¶n-e-Xn-t\XpwNen-∏p-h-scm√m sXN-ap-I≥ ]ndhn \Æn]pe-Øn-b\p \¥-\\p ssa¥-\n-h-s\‚m¬Ipe-Øn\pw \e-Øn-\p-an-h∂p Id-hpt≠m?

Bibw: Aß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ \ns‚ tijvTX \ne-bv°p-I-bn-√. Zi-ap-Js‚ ]nd-hn-tb-∏‰n Nn¥n®v CXn-s\m´pw ktµlw hc-cp-Xv. ]pe-kvXys‚ \µ-\s‚ ]pX-\mWvCh≥ F∂p ]d-™m¬ IpeØns\m kma¿∞y-Øns\m h√ Ipdhpw ]d-bm-\ps≠m?(_-“m-hns‚ ]pX\pw ]Pm-]-Xn-I-fne Hcm-fp-amb hni-h- mWv cmh-Ws‚ ]nXm-hv.-hw-i-am-lm-flytam kma¿∞ytam hy‡-am-°m≥ CXn¬°q-Sp-X¬ sXfn-hns‚ Bh-iy-an√)

10 Ch∂p Ipd-hn-√-bn\n \nΩn-en-W-ßm-bvIn¬Xhw s]cnb \n∂p-S¬ ]nf¥pNI-entØCh-Æ-an-hn-tS-bn-cp∂p Xn∂n-S-bntS \¬˛®ph∂ Ipcp-Xn-°fn XpS¿∂p ]cp-Int‚mw

Bibw: cmh-W\p bmsXmcp Ipd-hp-an-√. C\nbpw \nßƒ XΩn¬ CW-ßm-Xn-cp-∂m¬ X]-kzn-\n-bmb \ns‚ icocw ]nf¿∂p IjWw Ij-W-am°n CXp-t]mseChn-sS-bn-cp∂v Xn∂pIbpw Nph∂ c‡-°p-gºv IpSn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.



11 XS¿s∂≥ saøn¬ \nßƒ hf¿Nq-e-ßƒ\-S-Øn˛°pssS¥p Ipcp-Xn-∏p\¬ IpSn-°n-ep-sa-∂p≈wsImSpw Nne Xcn-ØcN¿tIm-\-Sn-a-e¿°ogssS¥p h√m ]ncn-h-sX‚n-Xcpƒ sNbvXmƒ.

Bibw: \nß-sfs‚ ico-c-Øn¬ ]e-Xcw iqe-ßƒ Ib‰n c‡w IpSn-®mepw sImSnbhnt√-¥nb cmPm-[n-cm-Ps‚ ]mZ-]-Zva-ß-fn¬ A`bw ]m]n® Fs‚ D≈w AhnsS\n∂p ]ncn-bpI ]bm-k-amWv

cma-N-cnXw ]fin-X-i-≤-bn¬ BZy-ambn sIm≠p-h-∂Xv sl¿Ω≥ Kp≠¿´m-Wv.1872-˛¬ At±lw cNn® ae-bmfw ˛ Cw•ojv \nL-≠p-hn¬ cma-N-cn-X-Øn¬ \n∂vD≤-c-Wn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-®n-´p-≠v. Cu Imhy-Øn\v cma-N-cnXw F∂ t]cv BZyw \¬In-bXpw Kp≠¿´m-Wv. cma-N-cn-X-Øns‚ BZy-sØ ap∏Xp ]S-e-ßƒ sIm√-h¿jw 1092-˛¬ (1917) "]mNo-\-a-e-bmf amXr-I-Iƒ' H∂mw-`m-K-Øn¬ D≈q¿ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p.cma-N-cnXw ]q¿W-amb cq]-Øn¬ shfn®w I≠Xv 1932 ˛ ¬ BWv. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿Kh¨sa‚ns‚ "ioNn-tXm-Zb aRvPcn' `mjm-K-Ÿm-h-en-bn¬ \memw \º-cmbnkmw_-in-h-im-kvXn-I-fmWv A∂v AXv ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv. ]n∂oSv cma-N-cn-X-Ønse90 ]S-e-ßƒ aq∂v `mK-ß-fmbn hymJym-\-k-lnXw Cfw-Ipfw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. 164]S-e-ßfpw 1814 ]m´p-I-fp-a-S-ßnb AXn-_r-l-Ømb Cu ]mNo-\-KŸw s]m^. ]n.-hn.-Ir-jvW-∂m-b-cpsS Kth-j-Wm-fl-I-amb Bap-J-tØmSpw hymJym-\-tØmSpw IqSntIcf kmlnXy A°m-Zan 1979˛¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n- p-≠v. cma-N-cn-X-Øn\v Kth-j-Wm-fl-I-amb Ah-Xm-cnI Xøm-dm-°n-bXv ]n.-hn. IrjvW≥ \mb-cm-Wv. ""cma-N-cnXw Hcphna¿i-\m-fl-I-amb ]T\w'' F∂mWv Ah-Xm-cn-I-bpsS t]cv.

DÆn-b-®o-N-cn-X-Im-c≥, DÆn-®n-cp-tX-ho-N-cn-X-Im-c≥, sNdp-t»-cn, ]p\w, Fgp-Ø-—≥,IÆ-»≥ XpS-ßn-b-h-sc-sbms° cma-N-cn-X-Im-c≥ kzm[o-\n-®n- p-≠v. A≤ymfl cmam-bWw Infn-∏m- nse ]e Bi-b-ßƒ°pw h¿W-\-Iƒ°pw cma-N-cn-X-tØmSp c‡_-‘-ap-≠v. ]mNo-\-N-ºp-°-fnse \mbn-Im-h¿Æ-\-Ifpw Ir-jvW-Km-Y-bnse Aw_n-Im-h¿Whpw cma-N-cn-X-Ønse koXm-h¿Æ-\-bn¬ \n∂pw ]tNm-Z-\-apƒs°m≠v cq]o-I-cn--®-Xm-Wv. Xan-g-I¿°p Iº-cm-am-bWw F]-Im-c-amtWm A]-Im-c-ap≈ Hcp IrXn-bmbn CXv tIc-fo-b-cpsS a\- n¬ Pohn-°-W-sa∂ Nn¥ CXns‚ \n¿Ωn-Xn°p ]nd-In¬ D≠v. aWn-]-hm-f- mj ASn-°Sn hf¿∂v tIc-fo-b-cpsS am\-I- m-jsb cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-sb∂ ]Inb kw`-hn-®n-cp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ Iº-cm-am-b-W-Øn\v C∂p Xan-g-cpsSD≈n-ep≈ ÿm\w ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS a\- n¬ cma-N-cn-X-Øn\pw D≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂vFw. eoem-hXn \nco-£n-°p-∂p. ]n¬°m-eØv hyh-lm-c- m-j-bn¬ h∂ am‰w cma-N-cn-XsØ km[m-c-W-°m¿°v AK-ay-am-°n-Øo¿°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

Xncp-\n-g¬ame]m´n\p eoem-Xn-e-I-Im-c≥ \¬Ip∂ e£Ww ]q¿Æ-ambpw ]men-°p∂ as‰mcp

IrXn-bmWv Xncp-\n-g¬ame. Fw.-Fw. ]pcp-tjm-Ø-a≥ \mb-cmWv Cu IrXn Is≠-SpØv 1981 ¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv. 539 Cuc-Sn-Ifpw 97 ]m´p-I-fp-ap≈ Cu IrXn 87 Hme-I-fn-embn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. tIc-fo-b-amb Pohn-X-co-Xn-sbbpw BNmc acym-Z-I-sfbpw hnizm-k-ß-sfbpw kw_-‘n®v ]e Adn-hp-Ifpw \evIp∂ Imhy-km-µ-amb Cu KŸw ]e-Xp-sIm≠pw Hc-\-\z-b-am-Wv. Imhymhkm-\-Øn¬ IrXn-bpsSt]cpw KŸ-Im-cs‚ t]cpw kqNn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. tKmhn-µ≥ F∂mWv K-Ÿ-Im-cs‚t]cv. Cu hy‡n-bpsS tZiw kw_-‘nt®m thsd Imhy-ßƒ cNn-®n- pt≠m F∂-Xn-s\-°p-dnt®m IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-ß-sfm∂pw Xs∂ e`y-am-bn- n-√. Imhy-Øns‚ cN-\m-Im-esØ kw_-‘n®p `n∂m- n-]m-b-ßƒ ImWp-∂p. 12- mw \q‰m-≠n\p tij-ap≈IrXn-bm-sW-∂Xn¬ B¿°pw X¿°-an-√. InkvXz_vZw 1200\pw 1300\pw CS-bv°m-hWw cN-\m-Im-e-sa∂v Fw.-Fw. ]pcp-tjm-Ø-a≥ \mb¿ A`n-]m-b-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.Imhy-Øns‚ ]mcw-`-Øn¬°m-Wp∂ A¿≤-\m-co-izc kvXpXn 13-˛mw iX-I-ØnsecN-\-I-fmb DÆn-b®n Ncn-X-Ønepw DÆn®ncp-tXhn Ncn-X-Ønepw ImWp∂ kvXpXn-∏n-t\mSp kmZr-iy-ap-≈-Xm-sW∂ hkvXp-X-bmWv Cu A`n-]m-b-Øn-te°v At±-lsØ\bn-°p-∂-Xv. XangvIhn-bmb Iº-sc-°p-dn®v IrXn-bn¬ ]cm-a¿iw ImWp-∂p-≠v. AXn-\m¬ Iº-cpsS Pohn-X-Im-e-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-SpØn In.-]n.1200 \p tijsa∂pw A`n-]m-b-ßƒ ImWp-∂p. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ hkvXp-X-Iƒ°-∏pdw `mjm-]-c-amb khn-ti-



j-X-Ifpw 13- mw iX-I-Ønse IrXn-bm-sW-∂-Xn\v B[m-c-ambn ]pcp-tjm-Ø-a≥\mb¿Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p. ]mNo\ aWn-]-hmf IrXn-I-fntem ]m´p Imhy-ß-fntem ]tbm-Kn -®n -´n -√mØ \nc-h[n ]mNo\]Z-ßƒ Xncp-\n -g¬ame-bn¬ ImWp-∂p-≠v.ZanUkwLm-X-]mTw IrXy-ambn ]n¥p-S-cm≥ Ihn i≤n-®n- p-≠v. ZanUkwLm-X-_-≤-amb kwkvIrX]Z-ßƒ Xncp-\n-g¬ ame-bn¬ hfsc Ipd-hm-Wv. cma-N-cn-X-Øn¬CØcw ]Z-ßƒ hf-sc-tbsd ImWm-\m-hp-sa-∂Xpw it≤-b-am-Wv.

"cma-N-cn-X-Imew Ign™v Ht∂m ct≠m \q‰m-≠n-\p-≈n¬ A°m-eØp ]ms -gp-Xm-\p-]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ `mj-bn¬ hnc-Nn-X-amb Imhy-amWv Xncp-\n-g¬ame'sb∂ [mc-Wsb Ime-kw-_-‘n-bmb Cu \nco-£-W-ßƒ Zp¿∫-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. 12- mw iX-I-amWv cma-N-cn-X-Im-e-sa∂ [mc-W-bn¬ Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ amXta ta¬kqNn-∏n®]kvXm-h-\bv°p \ne-\n-ev∏p-≈q. cma-N-cn-X-Øn-te-°mƒ Zan-U-]m-T-Øn\v Du∂¬\evIp-∂-Xn-\mepw ]mNo\ `mjm-kz- m-h-ßƒ kwc-£n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\mepw cma-N-cn-X-Øn\p ap≥]m-bn-cn-°Ww Xncp-\n-g¬am-e-bpsS cN-\. 13-˛mw \q‰m-≠mWv Xncp-\n-g¬am-e-bpsS cN-\m-Im-e-sa∂ \nco-£-WsØ B[m-c-am°n Nn¥n-®mepw Xncp-\n-g¬am-e-bpsS ]n¥p-S¿®-bmWv cma-N-cn-X-sa∂p hcp-∂p. cma-N-cn-X-Imew 1351 BsW-∂-XmWv Ct∂sd AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cßs\ t\m°p-tºmƒ ]Ya ]m´p-Imhysa∂ ÿm\-tØ°v Xncp-\n-g¬am-esb ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xmbn hcp-∂p.

cma-N-cn-X-`m-j-tbmSv GsdbSp-∏-ap≈ `mjmLS-\-bmWv Xncp-\n-g¬am-e-bnteXv.]Zm-h-en, h¿Æ-hn-Im-c-ßƒ, a‰p hymI-cWImcy-ßƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-bn-se√mw `mj-bpsS ]mNo\ kz`m-h-amWv AXp ]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂-Xv. kwkvIrX]Z-ßƒ Ign-bp-∂Xpw Hgn-hm-°nbpw ZmhnU ]Z-ßƒ BIm-hp-∂X D]-tbm-Kn-®p-ap≈ cN-\m-co-Xn-bmWv CXn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv. cN-\m-]-c-amb Imcy-ß-fn¬ Zmhn-U-Ø-\na ImØp-kq-£n-°p-tºmgpw Imhy hnj-b-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ Btcy-Xn-hr-Ø-ßsf ]n≥sN-√p∂Hcp ]mc-º-cy-am-bn-cp∂p cma-N-cnXw apX-ep≈ ]m´p IrXn-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ ImWm-\m-hp-I. F∂m¬ CXn¬\n∂v Aev]-sam∂v hyXn-N-en-®p≈ Ah-ÿ-bmWv Xncp-\n-g¬am-e-bn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv. Imhy-hn-j-b-Øn-\mbn kaq-l-Po-hn-X-Øn-te-°mWv Xncp-\n-g¬am-em-Im-c≥ t]mbn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. aWn-]-hmf kmlnXyw kaq-lm-h-ÿ-bpsS bYm-XY NnXWw ISpw-\n-d-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ Xncp-\n-g¬ame hna¿i-\m-fl-I-amb Hcp kao-]-\-amWv kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

hnjbkz`m-h-Ønepw Ihn-bpsS kao-]\coXn-bnepw IrXnsb P\-Io-b-am-°n-Øo¿°m-\p≈ Xzc ImWp-∂p-≠v. ""cma-N-cnXw ]uV-amb `mj-bn¬ Fgp-Xnb Hcp¢mknIv Imhyhpw Xncp-\n-g¬ame A∂sØ kmam\y ae-bm-f-Øn¬ hnc-Nn-X-ambHcp Km\-Im-hyhpw BsW-∂-XtX.'' Chbv°p XΩn-ep≈ A¥csa∂v Fw. Fw.]pcp-tjm-Ø-a≥ \mb¿ hy‡-am-°p-∂p. CXv Hcp kmam-\y-h-XvI-c-W-am-Wv. Dugn-bn¬ sNdn-b-h¿°-dn-bm-\mbn sNm√p∂ cma-I-Ybn¬ Nocm-a≥ ]uU- mj D]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠-Xn-√t√m? CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ [mc-W-Iƒ Cu IrXn-bpsS Ime-kw-_-‘n-bmbnDb¿∂ kwi-b-ß-fn¬\n∂pw DS -se-SpØhbm-Wv . cma -N -cn -XsØ-°mƒ]mIvX\Imhy-ambn Xncp-\n-g¬am-esb AwKo-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ CØcw sshcp≤yßƒC√m-Xm-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. IqSp-X¬ ]mNo-\-amb Hcp Zi-bnse kmwkvIm-cnI Imem-h-ÿbpw `mjm]tXy-I-Xbpw ]pe¿Øp∂ Xncp-\n-g¬am-e-bn¬\n∂pw cma-N-cn-X-Im-esØ `mjbv°p ]cn-Wmaw h∂n-cn-°-Ww. kwkvIr-X-]-Z-ßƒ (Z-an-U-kw-Lm-X-_-≤-am-b-h) kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xpw B hgn-°p≈ ]tbm-K-ßƒ IS-∂p-h-cp-∂Xpw Cu]cn-Wma Ncn-X-Øns‚ `mK-am-bn- m-bn-cn-°Ww.

aeb¿ \S-Øp∂ A\p-jvTm\ Inb-bpsS h¿W-\-amWv IrXn-bpsS CXn-hr-Øw.CXn\p ImcWw Ihn°v Bd-∑p-f-b-∏-t\m-Sp≈ `‡ntbm "\ng¬' F∂ A\p-jvTm\I¿Ω-tØm-Sp≈ A`n-\n-th-itam Bh-Ww. DÆn-®n-cp-tXhn Ncn-X-Ønepw "\ng¬']cm-a¿iw ImWp-∂p. CXp ]mNo\ tIc-f-Øn¬ ]Nm-c-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ Hc\p-jvTm-\-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw Iq´m-bva-bpsS cq]-am-bn-cp-s∂∂pw Cu hkvXp-X-Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. Bd-∑pf t£X-Øn¬ \S-∂n-cp∂ A\p-jvTm\I¿Ω-ß-fpsS hni-Z-amb hnh-cWw IrXn-bn-ep-≠v. A°m-esØ BNm-c-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw hnhn[ P\-hn-`m-K-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw Ah¿X-Ωn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ _‘-k-hn-ti-j-X-I-sf-°p-dn®pw IrXn-bn-eqsSa\- n-em-°m≥ km[n-°p-∂p-≠v. CØ-c-Øn¬ kmaq-lnI Pohn-X-Øns‚ bYm-XYNnXWw \evIp∂ Cu ImhysØ at\m-l-c-amb Hcp t^mIvtem¿ cN-\-bmbnIcp-tX-≠-Xp-≠v.



`mc-X-J-WvU-Ønse ]Xn-s\´p \mSp-I-fp-sSbpw t]cp-Iƒ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ IrXnXncp-\n-g¬am-e-bm-Wv. ]c-ip-cm-a-s\-°p-dn®pw ]cm-a¿i-ap-≠v. F∂m¬ "agp-sh-dn™vtIcfw krjvSn®p F∂√' "apd-sa-dn™v' F∂mWv ImWp-∂-Xv. tIc-f-Øn¬ \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ hnhn[ Iem-cq-]-ßƒ, A\p-jvTm-\-I-e-Iƒ, B`n-Nm-c-]-tbm-K-ßƒ,A`ym-k-]-I-S-\-ßƒ, hnhn[ hmZy-ßƒ, hnhn[ hn`mKw P\-ßƒ, Ah-cpsS ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ F∂n-ßs\ kakvX taJ-e-I-sfbpw kv]¿in-°p∂ Adn-hns‚ Ie-h-d-bmWvXncp-\n-g¬am-e-sb∂p ]d-bm≥ km[n-°pw. "Xt‚-Xmb [m¿Ωn-I-Nn-¥-bnepw kphy-‡-amb Pohn-Xm-h-t_m-[-Ønepw Dd-®p-\n-∂p-sIm≠v aÆnepw hnÆn-ep-ap≈ F√m-‰n-s\bpw t\m°n-°m-Wm\pw B Z¿i-\-Øn\p DNn-X-a-s√∂p tXm∂p-∂-hsb i‡-amb hna¿i\ ]cn-lm-k-ß-fn-eqsS kao-]n-°m\pw \ΩpsS sXfn-bm-´-ßsf A\p-tam-Zn-°m\pw `‡n-]-c-am-sbmcp hnjbw kzoI-cn®p ImhycN-\-bn-te¿s∏´v B `‡n-`m-hsØ Xo£vW-ambn Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-tºmgpw AXn¬ \ne-sX‰n hogm-Xn-cn-°m\pwIgn-bp∂ Akm-[m-c-W-am-sbmcp hy‡n-Xz-amWv Xncp-\n-g¬am-e-bpsS cN-bn-Xm-hn¬ImWp-∂Xv.1'

cma-N-cnXw t]mep≈ ]uV-am-sbmcp _rl-ZvIm-hyhpw Xncp-\n-g¬ame t]msemcpP\-Iob Imhyhpw tN¿Øp-h-bv°p-tºmƒ \mw a\- n-em-°p-∂Xv ]m´p-]-ÿm\wAXn-hn-]p-e-am-sbmcp Imhy-hn- m-K-am-bn-cp∂p F∂ hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. AXn-Zp-X-am-sbmcp`mjm-hn-Imk]In-b-bn¬ \jvS-s∏-´p-t]mb Ht´sd IrXn-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°-Ww.aWn-]-hm-f-Øn\p e£-W-KŸw Na® eoemXne-I-Im-c≥ AXn¬\n∂p `n∂-amb]mńs\ \n¿∆-Nn-°m\pw DZm-l-cn-°m-\pw Xøm-dm-bXv aWn-]-hm-f-sa-∂-t]mse ]mń\pw]m[m-\y-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m-emh-Ww. ae-bmfImhy]mc-º-cy-am-Ip∂ ]mIvX\NnX-Øns‚ kw]q-c-W-Øn\p klm-b-I-am-tb-°m-hp∂ Ht´sd IrXn-Iƒ C\nbpw Is≠-Øn-tb-°mw. ]m´p-]-ÿm-\sØ kw_-‘n® [mc-W-I-fpsS hn]p-eo-I-c-W-Øn\pw]mNo-\-amb mjm khn-ti-j-X-I-sf-°p-dn®pw kmwkvIm-cn-Im-h-ÿ-sb-°p-dn®pw IqSp-X¬ Adn-bp-∂-Xn\pw Cu hgn-°p≈ ]T-\-ßƒ C\nbpw D≠m-tI-≠-Xp-≠v

\ncWw IrXn-Iƒe£-W-samØ ]m´p IrXn-I-fmb cma-N-cn-X-Øn\pw Xncp-\n-g¬am-ebv°pw tijw

eoem-Xn-eI \n¿∆-N-\-Øn¬ \n∂v Aev]mev]w hyXymkw h∂n- p≈ ]m´p-I-fm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. ]m´p-im-J-bpsS ASp-Ø-L´w AYhm c≠mw L´w F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°m-hp∂ Cu Ime-Øp-≠mb ]m´p-I-fn¬ ][-m-\s∏´Xv \ncWw IrXn-I-fm-Wv. IÆ-i-Ir-Xn-I-sf∂pw Chbv°p t]cp-]-d-bm-dp-≠v. `mjm-cq] hyh-ÿn-Xn-bnepw kmln-Xy-inev] \n¿Ωn-Xn-bnepw hnj-b-kzo-I-c-W-Ønepw ]Xn-]m-Z-\-ssi-en-bnepw Hcp \ho-\-L- sØ Ah¿ DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp. sslµh aX-K-Ÿ-ß-fpsS ]cn- m-j-bn-eqsStIc-f-Øn¬ Hcp kmwkvIm-cnI \thm-∞m-\-Øn\p hgn-sX-fn-°p-hm≥ IÆ-»≥am¿°pIgn-™p. ]nev°m-e-Øp-≠mb IrjvW-∏m-ń\pw Infn-∏m-ń-\p-sams° am¿Kw sXfn-®psImSp-ØXpw Ch-cm-Wv. kwkvIr-X-Ønepw Xan-gn-ep-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ Adnhp th≠-hn[w hn\n-tbm-Kn®p ]pXn-sbmcp ssNX-\yhpw tXP pw \ΩpsS `mjbv°v Ch¿\evIn. cma-N-cn-X-Øn¬ \n∂v Fgp-Ø-—≥ IrXn-I-fn-te-°p≈ hf¿®-bpsS hgn-bnseapJy \mgn-I-°-√p-I-fmWv \ncWw IrXnIƒ.\ncWw Ihn-Iƒ: Imew, tZiw.

IÆ-»-s\-∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ cmam-bW I¿Øm-hmb cma-∏-Wn-°¿ At±-l-Øns‚]q¿∆nIcmb am[-h-∏-Wn-°¿, i¶-c-∏-Wn-°¿ F∂o aq∂v Ihn-I-sfbpw tN¿Øv\ncWw Ihn-I-sf∂p ]d-™p-h-cp-∂p. Ch-cn¬ cma-∏-Wn-°¿ \nc-W-Øp-Im-c\pw am[-h-∏-Wn-°¿ ae-bn≥Io-gp-Im-c\pw i¶-c-∏-Wn-°¿ sh≈m-ß-√q¿°m-c-\p-am-Wv. aq∂p-t]-tcbpw tN¿Øp \ncWw Ihn-Iƒ F∂p hnfn-°p-∂Xv Ah¿ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂hrØw H∂m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m-em-Wv. B hrØw \ncWwhrØw F∂-t]-cn¬ Ct∏mgpwhyh-l-cn-®p-h-cp-∂p. cma-∏-Wn-°¿°p IÆ-»≥ F∂ t]cp Inń-bXv IpSpw-_-]m-c-ºcyw hgn-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww. Cu IpSpw-_-]m-c-º-cy-sØ-°p-dn®p Ihn Xs∂ kzIr-Xn-bn¬ (cm-am-b-Ww) kqNn-∏n-®n- p-≠v.



\ncWw IrXn-I-fpsS Imew \n¿Æ-bn-°m≥ ]Xy£ sXfn-hp-I-sfm-∂p-an-s√-¶nepw`mjmcoXnbpw a‰v B`y-¥ckqN-\-Ifpw ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n, ]Xn-\memw \q‰m-≠ns‚DØ-cm¿≤-Øn\pw ]Xn-\©mw \q‰m≠ns‚ ]q¿∆m¿≤-Øn\pw CS-bv°m-bn-cn°mwCh cNn-°-s∏- -sX∂v `mjm ]WvUn-X-∑m¿ Icp-Xp-∂p. eoem-Xn-e-I-Øn-\p-ti-jhpwIrjvW-Km-Ybv°p ap≥]p-amWv Cu IrXn-I-fp-≠m-b-sX∂p hy‡-am-Wv.\ncWw IrXn-IƒIÆ-»-cm-am-bWw: \ncWw IrXn-I-fn¬ G‰hpw anI-®-Xmbn cma-∏-Wn-°-cpsS IÆ-»-cm-am-b-WsØ IW-°m-°p-∂p. Bi-b-]u-Vnbpw h¿Æ-\-I-fpsS HuNn-Xyhpw efn-X-tIm-a-f-Im¥ ]Zm-h-en-I-fpsS ckm-\p-Kp-W-amb hn\ym-k- w-Knbpw IÆ» cmam-b-WsØ tNtXm-l-c-am-°p-∂p. Im®n-°p-d-p°nb hmevaoIn cmambW-sa-∂mWv CuIrXnsb hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. ]m´p-km-ln-Xy-Øn\v _en-jvT-amb ]Xn-jvT, aWn-]-hm-f-Øn\v \qX-\-amb Hcp ]cn-Wm-aw, ae-bmf Ihn-Xbv°p ]pXn-sbmcp am\w F∂nhH∂n-®p-≠m-°nb cma-∏-Wn-°¿ Xs‚ cmam-b-W-sam-∂p-sIm-≠p-amXw Nncw-Po-hn-Xz-Øn\v A¿l-\m-Wv. tIc-f-`m-j-bnse BZysØ kºq¿Æ cmam-b-W-ambn CuIrXnsb IW-°m-°p-∂p. Xp©-sØ-gp-Ø-—s‚ B≤ym-flnI cmam-b-W-Øn\v ae-bm-fn-I-fpsSbnS-bn¬ ]Nmcw Inń-b-t∏mƒ Cu IrXn th≠X i≤n-°-s∏-SmsXt]mbn F∂n-cn-°nepw kmln-Xy-ta-∑-bnepw `mjm-ip-≤n-bnepw CtXsd i≤n-°-s∏-tS≠ IrXn-bm-sW∂p \n w-ibw ]d-bmw. cma-N-cn-X-Im-c≥ "Dugn-bn¬ sNdn-b-h¿°v'th≠n-bmWv Imhy-c-N\ \S-Øn-b-sX∂v ]kvXm-hn-®-Xp-t]mse IÆ-»≥ "aµ-]-⁄-∑m¿°-dn-hm-\mbn' cmam-bW IY Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p-sh∂p ]d-bp-∂p. Cu ]kvXm-h\ km¿∞-I-am-sW∂p ]d-bm-\m-hn-√. kwkvIrX]cn-Nbw Xosc-bn-√m-Ø-h¿°pa\- n-em-ImØ ]Z-ßfpw ]tbm-K-ßfpw IÆ-»-Ir-Xn-bn-ep-≠v.

IÆ» `mc-Xw, IÆ-»- m-K-h-Xw, inh-cmXn almflyw F∂n-hbpw cma-∏-Wn-°-cp-tS-Xm-Wv. F∂n-cn-°nepw Ch-bvs°m-∂n\pw cmam-b-W-Øns‚ ta∑ Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-\m-hn-√. _“m-WvU-]p-cmWw KZyhpw \f-N-cnXw ]m´pw cma-∏-Wn-°-cp-tS-Xm-sW∂vA`n-]m-b-ap-≈-h-cp-≠v. F∂m¬ Ah-bpsS I¿XrXzw kwi-bm-Xo-X-a-√.`mjm `K-h-ZvKoX : am[h∏Wn-°-cpsS IrXn-bm-Wv `mjm `K-hZvKo-X. hymk`mc-X-Ønse `K-h-ZvKo-X-bpsS `mjmkwt£-]-amWv CXv. Hgp-°p≈ `mjmssien, Iev]-\m-i‡n F∂n-h-bm¬ A\p-Kr-lo-X-\mWv Ihn.`mc-X-ame : i¶-c-∏-Wn-°-cpsS IrXn-bmWv `mc-X-am-e. hymk- m-c-X-Øns‚ kmc-kw-t£-]-am-Wn-Xv. kwK-lW hnj-b-Øn¬ Akm-am\y ]mS-h-amWv Ct±lw ]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. IrXn-bn¬ Ahn-S-hn-sS-bmbn ImWp∂ kzX¥ Iev]-\-Ifpw Ae-¶mc]tbm-K-ßfpw HuNn-Xy- m-kp-c-ß-fm-Wv. kwt£-]-W-Ønepw hnjb kzoI-c-W-ØnepwFgp-Ø-—≥ t]mepw Cu IrXn-sb-bmWv amXr-I-bm-°n-b-Xv.\ncWw Ihn-I-fpsS `mjm tkh-\-ßƒ

\ncWw IrXn-Iƒ `mjbv°p \evInb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ ][m-\-ambpw aq∂p coXn-bn-emWv. 1. `‡n-]-ÿm-\sØ kPo-h-am°n hf¿Øn. 2. ]mń¬ kss[cyw ]cn-jv°m-c-ßƒ hcp-Øn. 3. Xcw-Kn-Wn-tbmSv kmZr-iy-ap≈ "\ncWw hrØw' Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p.1. `‡n-]-ÿm\w : 14- mw iX-I-Øn¬Øs∂ `‡n-km-lnXyw `mj-bn¬ thtcm-Sn-Øp-S-ßn-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂-Xn\v cma-N-cnXw sXfn-hm-Wv. ]t£ bp≤-ImWvUw amX-amWvCXn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zyw. cma-N-cn-X-Øn¬ \n∂pw IÆ-»-Ir-Xn-I-fn-te°p hcp-tºmƒAssZzXNn-¥m-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ ASn-bp-d®p t]mIp∂ sshjvWhIhnX `‡n-am¿§-Øn-s‚bpw ⁄m\-am¿§-Øn-s‚bpw a[y-h¿Øn\ne Ah-ew-_n-°p-∂p. kmam\y P\-ßsf [¿Ω-t_m-[-Øn-te°p \bn-°m≥ `‡nt° Ignbq F∂v Is≠-Ønb BZyIhn-Iƒ Ch-cm-bn-cp-∂p. ""`mc-Xob `mj-Isf hmcn-t°m-cn-∏p-W¿∂v Dt∑-j-h-Øm-°nb `‡n-]-ÿm-\-Øns\ ae-bmf `mj-bn-te°v Bhm-ln-®p-sIm-≠p-h∂ alm-am-¥nI∑m-cmWv IÆ-»-∑m¿.'' F∂v ]pXp-t»cn cma-N-µ≥ IÆ-»-∑msc hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂p. Ch-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ `‡n-]-ÿm-\-amWv ae-bm-f-Øn\v kmln-Xy-`mjm]Zhn t\Sn-s°m-Sp-Ø-Xv.2. ]mń¬ hcp-Ønb ]cn-jvImcw : ""ZanU kwLm-Xm-£c \n_≤w FXp-I-tam\hrØ-hn-ti-j-bp‡w ]m´v'' F∂ eoem-Xn-eI \n¿h-N-\sØ ]q¿Æ-ambpw A\p-k-cn-°m≥ IÆ-»-∑m¿ Iq´m-°n-bn-√. ]mńs‚ \nb-a-_-≤-X-bn¬ \n∂pw ae-bmf IhnXc£-s]-Sp-∂Xpw kzX-¥-ambn hnI-kn-°p-∂Xpw \ncWw IrXn-I-fn-em-Wv. [mcmfw



kwkvIrX i_vZ-ßƒ Ch¿ X’-a-ß-fmbn kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. hn -‡y¥ kwkvIrX]Z-ßfpw ImWm-\m-hpw. FXp-I, -tam\ F∂o ]mk-ßfpw \njvT-tbmsS ]men-°p-∂n-√. `mjm-]-c-ambn kwkvIr-X-tØmSv CS-™p-\n-ev°p∂ ]m´p-kz- mhw amdn, Bcy- m-j-bp-ambn CW-ßn-t∏m-Im-\p≈ k∂-≤X IÆ-»-Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ ImWmw. CXv `mjsbkº-∂-am-°n. B[p-\nI ae-bmfw cq]-s∏-Sp-∂-Xns‚ BZy e£-W-ßƒ Ch-cpsS]m´p-I-fn¬ ImWm-\m-hpw.3. \ncWw hrØw: IÆ-»-∑m-cpsS IrXn-I-fn¬ [mcm-f-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xpw]nev°m-eØv mj-bn¬ ÿnc-]-XnjvT t\Sn-b-Xp-amb Zo¿L-X-cw-Kn-Wn-bmWv "\ncWwhrØw' F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. CXv 16 amX-Iƒ hoX-ap≈ Cu c≠pJWvUnII-f-S-ßnb \mev Cuc-Sn-Iƒ tN¿∂-XmWv. CXn¬ \n∂mWv ]nev°m-eØvXp≈-ense Xcw-Kn-Wn-hrØw hnImkw t\Sn-b-Xv.\ncWwIrXn-I-fnse `mj : ]WvUn-X-\n-co-£-W-ßƒ1. sI. tKmZ-h¿Ω : ""ae-bmf ]Z-ßƒ°v ]m[m-\yhpw Xangv ]Z-ßƒ°pw kwkvIrX]Z-ßƒ°pw AwK- m-hhpw cN-\m-hn-j-b-Øn¬ Iev]n-°-s∏- n- p≈ Hcp `mjm-km-¶-cy-amWv \ncWw IrXn-I-fn¬ ]Xy-£-am-Ip-∂-Xv....'' (tI-cf`mjmhnPvRm-\obw ˛1951).2. ]n.-hn. them-bp-[≥]n≈ : ""Zmhn-U-hr-Ø-ß-fn¬ aWn-]-hm-f-sØbpw ]m´n-s\bpwka-\z-bn-∏n-°m-\m-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS iaw. aWn-]-hm-f-Øn-se-t∏mse kwkvIr-X-h¿Æ-ßƒ°qSn Xß-fpsS ]m´n¬ Ah¿ kzoI-cn-®p. kwkvIrX]mXn-]-Zn-I-ß-sfbpwhn -‡y¥ kwkvIrX ]Z-ß-sfbpw Hgn-®p-\n¿Øn-bn-√, Ah¿. kwkvIrXoIrX mjamXw Ah¿°X ]¥nbmbn-tØm-∂n-bn-√. Ah-cXv Xosc Dt]-£n®p F∂p-X-s∂-]-d-bmw. F∂m¬, sN¥-angv kmlnXy \nb-a-ß-fn-sem-∂mb "sNøpƒ hnIm-c-ßsf'\ncWw Ihn-Iƒ Imhy cN\m kuI-cym¿∞w kzoI-cn-®p-Im-Wp-∂p. B \nb-a-ß-fpsS AXn¿I-hn™ ]tbmKw \ncWw ]m´p-Isf sN¥-angv Nmbvhp≈ kmln-Xy-am°n am‰n. AXp-sIm-≠m-IWw \ncWw IrXn-Iƒ°v A°m-eØp th≠X ]NmcwIn´msX t]mb-Xv. ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bmbn Ah-cpsS IrXn-Isf BZ-cn-®n-cn-°m-\p-an-S-bn-√. "`mjm ani'-am-sW∂v hnNm-cn®p Xs‚ IrXnsb hnUw-_\w sNøcp-sX∂v inh-cmXn amlm-fly-Øns‚ Ah-km-\-Øn¬ cma-∏-Wn-°¿ At]-£n-°p-∂p-≠-t√m. (a-≤y-Ime ae-bm-fw)3. ]pXp-t»cn cma-N-µ≥ : ]pXn-sbmcp Imhy- m-jbpw ]pXn-sbmcp A£-c-am-ebpwtIc-fobP\-Xbv°v IÆ-»-]-ÿm\w ImgvN-sh-®n- p-≠v. B[p-\nI ae-bmf`mj-bnseA£-c-am-e-bp-ambn ]q¿Æ-ambpw tbmPn-°p-∂-hn[w kwkvIrX`mj-bn¬\n∂pw E,Hgn-®p≈ F√m h¿W-ßfpw IÆ-»- mj kzoI-cn®n´p≠v.... hymI-c-Ww, ]Z-k-ap-®-bw,]tbm-K-co-Xn, h¿W-hy-h-ÿ, k‘n-\n-b-a-ßƒ, ssien, hrØw F∂o Awi-ß-fn-se√mw IÆ-»-cm-am-bWw Hcp-Xcw ani-hy-h-ÿ-bmWv Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xv.4. Fw.- eo-em-hXn : cmaN-cn-X-Ønse ]mWvUy- mjmkmcq-]yhpw \ncWw IrXn-I-fnse `mjm-an-ihpw XΩn-ep≈ A¥cw sNdp-X-√.... cma-N-cn-X-Øn¬ A∂sØ `mj-W-ssi-en-bn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-amb ]mWvUy-`m-jm-km-cq]yw. \ncWw IrXn-I-fn¬kmam-\y-cpsS mj-W-ssi-en-bn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvXhpw ]mNo-\-N-ºp-°-fnse KZy-Øn¬Bhn-jvIr-X-hp-am-bn-cp∂ `mjm-an-iw.5. B¿.-F-kv. h¿amPn : ""]pcp-j-t`-Z-\n-cmkw Hgn-®p≈ tIc-f-]m-Wn-\n-bpsS \b-ßƒ F√mw ]h¿Øn-®p-Xp-S-ßn-b-Xm-bn-°m-Wmw. Xan-gns‚ kzm[o-\X \√-Xp-t]mseZriy-am-Ip-∂p. kwkvIr-X-co-Xym-\p-I-c-Whpw Ipd-h-√.... Xangv kzm[o-\X hy‡-am-°p∂ \m´p- m-j-bmWv AXn¬ \ng-en-°p--∂Xv.'' (B-apJw : IÆ-»-cm-am-b-Ww. _me-Im-WvUw-˛1968)\ncWw IrXn-I-fnse `mj : kmam-\ym-h-tem-I\w

"cma-N-cn-X'- m-j-bn¬ \n∂v tIcf `mjbv°p kw -hn® kv]jvS-amb am‰w \ncWwIhn-X-I-fn¬ ImWmw. h¿W-hn-j-b-Øn¬ kwkvIr-X-Øns‚ kzm[o-\-X-bn¬ \n∂v,Hgn-™p-\n∂ c≠p IrXn-I-fmWv "cma-N-cn-Xhpw' "Xncp-\n-g¬am-ebpw'. h¿W-hn-j-b-Øn-ep≈ B ]mc-ºcyw IÆ-»-Ir-Xn-I-fn-se-Øp-tºmƒ Xf-cp-∂p. `mjm-]-c-ambnkwkvIr-X-tØmSv CS-™p-\n-ev°p∂ ]m´p kz`mhw amdn Bcy-`m-j-bp-ambn CW-ßn-t∏m-Im-\p≈ k∂-≤X IÆ-»- m-j-bn¬°m-Wmw. Cu am‰w tIc-f- m-j-bpsS ]cn-Wm-a-Øn¬ kp]-[m-\-am-Wv. Xangv ]mc-º-cy-Øn¬\n-∂p≈ hy‡-amb AI-¬®-bmWv Cu L´w kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. cma-N-cnXw Xan-gvIr-Xn-bmtWm ani- mjm IrXn-



bmtWm F∂v kwi-bn-®h-cp-≠v. IÆ-»-Ir-Xn-I-fnse `mj-sb-°p-dn®v Aß-s\-bp≈kwi-b-ßƒs°m-∂n\pw CS-bn-√. Nne ]mNo\ `mjm kz`m-h-ßƒ Ds≠-∂-√m-sX,C∂sØ ae-bm-fn-Iƒ°v Bi-b-K-l-W-Øn\p XS- -ap-≠m-°p∂ `mjm-kz- m-h-ßƒIÆ-»- m-j-bn¬ A[nIw ImWm≥ Ign-bn-√. B \ne-bn¬ ae-bmfw kzX¥ ]mtZ-inI `mj-bmbn cq]w-sIm-≈p-∂-Xns‚ NnX-amWv IÆ-»-Ir-Xn-I-fnse `mj Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-sX∂v sI.-Fw. ]`m-I-c-hm-cn-b¿ Icp-Xp-∂p(a-e-bmfw am‰hpw hf¿®-bpw,]pdw.33).

cma-N-cn-X-Øn¬\n∂p XpS-ßp∂ ae-bmfImhy`mj-bpsS c≠mw L´sØ ]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp∂ IrXn-I-fmWv IÆ-»-Ir-Xn-I-sf∂v \n w-ibw ]d-bmw. Ch-bnse`mjbn¬ hyXn-cn-‡-ß-fmb c≠p \ho-\-X-I-fm-Wp-≈Xv : H∂v, Xan-gv®p-h- an°-hmdpw A]-Xy-£-am-hp-∂p; c≠v, kwkvIr-X-kz-`mhw ]I-S-amb coXn-bn¬ Dƒt®-cp∂p. Aßs\ ae-bm-f-Ønse Imhy `mj-bpsS am\-Io-I-cWw \ncWw Ihn-I-fn¬Bcw- n-®p-sh∂p Icp-Xmw; ]q¿Øn-bm-Ip-∂Xv Fgp-Ø-—-\n-epw.

inh-cmXn amlm-fly-Øn¬ cma-∏-Wn-°¿ \S-Øp∂ Hcp ]kvXm-h\ it≤-b-am-Wv. Xs‚ IrXn-bnse `mjsb "`mjm aniansX‚n-I-gmsX' F∂v At±lw At]-£n-°p-∂p. kwkvIr-XsØ Iptd-b-[nIw Ie¿Øn-bmWv Xm≥ IrXn cNn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv F∂ kt¶m-N-]q¿∆-amb £am-]-W-am-Wn-Xv. ae-bmfIhn-X-bn¬ kwkvIr-XsØHgn-®p-\n¿Øm-\m-hmØ \ne h∂p-I-gn™p F∂-Xns‚ kqN-\-bm-Wn-Xv. aWn-]-hm-f-Øns‚ B[n-]-Xy-Øn¬\n∂p amdn-\n-ev°m≥ hømØ Hc-hÿ ]m´p-`m-j-bn¬kw -hn®p XpS-ßp-∂-Xmbn CXns\ hymJym-\n-°mw.

\ncWw IrXn-I-fnse `mjmkz`m-h-ßƒ ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°nb `mjm-K-th-j-I-cpsSA`n-]m-b-ßƒ Cßs\ kwK-ln-°mw.

1. h¿W-X-e-Øn¬ Zmhn-U-Øn-en-√mØ kwkvIrX h¿W-ß-sfbpw kzoI-cn-®p. Aßs\ IÆ»-∏m v "ZanU kwLm-Xm-£c \n_-≤-a-√m-Xm-bn.'

2. kwkvIrXX’-a-ßsf [mcm-f-ambn Imhy- m-j-bn-te°p ]th-in-∏n-®p.3. kwkvIrX hymI-cW cq]-ß-sfbpw aWn-]-hmf Ihn-Iƒ sNbvX-Xp-t]m-

se, `mj-bn-te°p \nth-in-∏n-®p.4. Xme-hym-tZiw, kzc-kw-h-c-Ww, A\p-\m-kn-Im-Xn-]-kcw F∂nh IÆ-»`mj-

bn¬ ]q¿Æ-ambpw \S-∂p-I-gn-™n- n-s√-¶nepw B am‰-ßƒ Ah-km-\-L-´-Øn-te°p IS-∂p-I-gn-™-Xm-bn-°m-Wmw.

5. Cem, C√m, C√m-sX, Cbem XpS-ßnb \ntj[ cq]-ß-fpsS A\p-]-tbmKw [mcm-f-am-bn-°m-Wp-∂p.

6. kw⁄m-\m-a-ßsf Bi-b-hn-h¿Ø\w sNømsX AtX-]Sn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ coXn-bmWp IqSp-Xembpw ImWp-∂-Xv.Npcp°w Nne cq]-ßƒBi-b-hn-h¿Ø\w sNbvXn-´p-ap-≠v.DZm.-thƒhn-X≥ ]I(b⁄-i-Xp),\oƒ Igp-Ø≥(]rYpKo-h≥).

7. XnIm-e-ß-sfbpw kqNn-∏n-°p∂ khn-ti-j-amb t]sc-®-cq-]-ßƒ ˛]pjv]-I-hn-am-\w,\∑ anIpØ Pm\-In,hSn-hn-b-en‚ hml-\w.

8. DssS, DsSb, DssS-b, DsS, DS F∂n-h-sbms° kw_-‘n-Im-]-Xy-b-ß-fmbn hcp-∂p. ˛ s‚ cq]w C√.

9. Fßƒ, Rmßƒ, Xmw, XtΩmSv XpS-ßnb k¿∆-\m-a-ßƒ.10. hmIy-]q-c-I-amb ˛G. DZm.\nXcmw `qan hnd-®-Xn-\m-te, \ncp-]-a-`-c-X≥

hmgvhXp It≠.tIc-f- m-j-bpsS kmln-Xy-k-º-Øn¬ \ncWw IrXn-Iƒ°p anI® Hcp ÿm\-ap-

≠v. Bib-ß-fpsS Kuc-hw-]m-en-°p-∂-Xn\pw ih-W-kuJyw B]m-Z\w sNøp-∂-Xn\pw A\p-Kp-W-amb coXn-bn-ep≈ Ch-bnse `mjm-coXn ae-bm-f-am-Ip∂ `qan-I-bn-emWv kzcq-]-k-‘m-cWw sNbvXn- p-≈-sX-∂-Xn\p kwi-b-an-√. \nc-Ww-Ir-Xn-I-fn¬Xan-gn-s‚bpw kwkvIr-X-Øn-s‚bpw kzm[o\w ImWp-∂p-sh-∂-Xn-\m¬ CsXmcp ani-`m-jm-Ir-Xn-bmbn Icp-Xp-∂Xv icn-b-√. ani-`m-j-bn¬ Imhy-ßƒ cNn-°p-I-sb∂Dt±-iy-a√; adn®v hf¿®-mZ-i-bn¬ ]m´p `mjbv°p kw -hn® kzm`m-hnI ]cn-Wm-a-ß-fmWv ChnsS ]I-S-am-Ip-∂-Xv. Imhy-`m-jm-]-cn-WmaØns‚ c≠mw L´-sØbmWv



\ncWw IrXn-Iƒ AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.IÆ» `mj-bn¬ ae-bm-fnØw [mcm-f-ambnImWm-\m-hp-∂p≠v.h¿W-]-c-ambpw hymI-c-W-]-c-ambpw ImWp∂ Nne Ahy-h-ÿ-Isf amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp `mj-bn¬ kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw h∂p-tN-cm-hp∂ Hs∂∂\ne-bn¬ ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xmhpw DNn-Xw.cma-N-cn-XmZn IrXn-I-fn¬\n∂p hyXy-kvXhpw`mjm-]c-ambn ]m[m-\ya¿ln-°p-∂-Xp-amb, Hcp kmlnXy]ÿm-\-sØ-bmWv \ncWwIrXn-Iƒ shfn-s∏Sp-Øp∂-Xv.

IÆ-»-cm-am-bWwhmevao-In-cm-am-b-W-Øns‚ ae-bm-f-Ønse BZysØ ]q¿Wm-h-Xm-c-sa∂v IÆ-

»-cm-am-b-WsØ hnti-jn-∏n-°mw. cma-N-cnXw bp≤-Imfiw amXw ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂-Xn-\mepw hmevao-Insb amX-a√ apJy-ambpw ]n¥pScp-∂-sX-∂-Xp-sIm≠pw AXn\vCu hnti-jWw \jvS-am-hp∂p. hmevaoIn ]d-bp-∂Xv a\p-jy\mb cmas‚ IY-bm-sW∂pw IÆ-»s\ \bn-°p-∂Xv Ah-Xm-c-cm-as\ kw_-‘n-® t_m[-am-sW∂pwthW-sa-¶n¬ hyXymkw Is≠-Øm-sa-¶nepw IÆ-»≥ cN-\-bn¬ hgn-Im-´n-bmbnkzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv hmevao-In-sb-Ø-s∂-bm-Wv.

sNmt√-dnb hmevao-In-a-lm-ap\osNm√nb cmam-b-W-an-\n-tbXpwh√msX Rm≥ C∂p-c-sNbvhXp am\kn

s]mdp° alm-P-\-sa√mw :˛ F∂v Ihn Xs∂ hy‡-am-°p-∂p-ap-≠v. hmevaoIn cmam-b-W-Ønse Ccp-]-Øn-\m-em-bncw hcp∂ t«mI-ßƒ 3059 ]m´p-I-fn-embn IÆ-»≥kwt£-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. IYm-Kuchsam Bi-b-K-cn-asbm \jvS-s∏-SmsX CXn-lm-k-Im-hysØ kwt£-]n-°p-I-sb∂ hnkvabIc-amb IrXyw \n¿∆-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-emWv Im-®n-°p-dp-°nb hmevao-In-cm-am-b-W-sa∂v IÆ-»-cm-am-b-WsØ ]ecpw hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Xs‚ Imhy-Øn\v A\n-hm-cy-a-s√∂p tXm∂nb ]Z-ßfpw hmIy-ßfpwImhy-J-fi-ßfpw k¿K-ßfpw Dt]-£n-°p-∂-Xn\v cma-∏-Wn-°¿ aSn-®n-√. F∂m¬Bh-iy-amb Nne kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ Bi-b-hn-]p-e\w sNøm\pw At±lw Xøm-dm-hp-∂p. AØcw Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬ Iº-scsbm cma-N-cn-X-Im-c-t\tbm ]cn-Nn-X-cmb a‰pIhn-I-sftbm Bi-bn-°p-∂p-ap-≠v. Aßs\ kwt£-]-Ww, hn]p-e-\w, a‰p Imhy-k-µ¿`-ßsf A\p-h¿Øn-°¬ XpS-ßnb Imcy-ßƒs°ms° Fgp-Ø-—\p hgn-Im-´n-bmbn IÆ-»-cm-am-b-W-I¿Ømhp amdp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

Iev]-\-I-fp-sSbpw at\m-[¿Ω-Nn-X-W-Øn-s‚bpw Imcy-Øn¬ Nnte-SØv kzmX-¥y-sa-Sp-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw IYm-L-S-\-bnepw ]Xn-]m-Z-\-Ønepw hmevao-In-cm-am-b-W-amWv ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Bhn-jvI-c-W-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ hmevao-In-cm--am-b-WsØ D]-Po-hy-K-Ÿ-am-bn-°≠v AXns\ B[m-c-am°n Xt‚-Xm-sbmcp KŸwcNn-°p-I-bmWv IÆ-»-cm-am-b-W-Im-c≥ sNbvX-Xv. ]pXnb IrXn-bpsS cN-\bv°v Xs‚Imhy-kw-kvImcw apgp-h≥ Ihn hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXp-sIm≠p Xs∂IÆ-»-cm-am-bWw shdp-samcp ]cn-`m-jm-Ir-Xntbm cmam-b-W-kw-t£-]tam Bb√;kzX-¥-am-sbmcp cmam-b-W-am-bn-Øs∂ ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Imhy-hkvXp hmevao-In-bp-tS-Xm-bn-cn-°p-sºmgpw Imhyw cma-I-hn-bp-tSXp amX-ambn amdp-∂p.

IÆ-»s‚ Imhy-I-em-ssh- hw ]Z-c-N-\-ap-X¬ Imhy-km-aKyw hsc-bpƒs°m-≈p∂H∂m-sW-∂-XmWv Cu A\-\yXvbv°p Imc-Ww. kz—-µ-K-Xn-bmb ]Z-ß-sfm-Øn-WßnImhy-k-µ¿ -ßƒ Xo¿°p-I, Aß-s\-bp≈ kµ¿ -ß-fpsS BsI-Øp-I-bmbn IYm-L-S\ cq]w-sIm-≈p-I, IYm-L-S-\-I-sfm-Øp-tN¿∂v Hcp Pohn-X-a-lm-Jym-\-ap-cp-hw-sIm-≈pI F∂, temtIm-Ø-c-Im-hy-ßƒ°p amXw Ah-Im-i-s∏´ kpZp¿√` khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ IÆ-»-cm-am-b-W-Øn¬ CW-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v \nco-£n-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p (F-kv.-cm-P-ti-J-c≥; ]m´p-]-ÿm-\w). cmam-bWw IÆ-»s‚ Ihn-Xz-Øn-t‚bpw al-Xz-Øn-t‚bpw ]tLm-j-W-amb Imhy-cq-]-Øns‚ kzX-¥m-kvXnXz ]Jym-]-\-am-Ip-∂p.BZy ]m´p-ap-X¬ Ah-km-\sØ ]m´p-hsc XpS-cp∂ Hcp ka-K-X-bmbn AXv \ne-sIm-≈p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.



IÆ-»-cm-am-b-Ww˛ InjvIn‘m ImWvUwkoXmt\z-j-W-Øn-\n-d-ßn-Øn-cn® cma e£va-W-∑m¿ ]ºm-Xo-c-sØ-∂p-∂Xp

apX¬ hm\-c-∑m¿ kap-Z-ew-L-\-Øn\p Xøm-sd-Sp-°p-∂Xp hsc-bp≈ IY-bmWvInjvIn‘m ImWvU-Øn-ep-≈-Xv. 67 k¿§-ßfpw 2471 t«mI-ß-fp-a-S-ßp∂ hmevao-In-cm-am-b-W-Ønse InjvIn-‘m-Im-WvUsØ 342 ]m´p-I-fn-te°v cma-∏-Wn-°¿ kwt£-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

koXsb At\z-jn®v cma-e-£va-W-∑m¿ i_-cn-bpsS Bi-a-Øn-seØn kXvImcwG‰n-hm-ßp-∂p. XpS¿∂v Ah-fpsS \n¿t±-i-a-\p-k-cn®v kpKo-hs\ ImWm-\mbn ]ºm-Xo-cØv FØp-∂p. Ahn-sS-°≠ hk-¥-hn-emkw e£va-W\p ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw hnc-l-th-Z\ A\p- -hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

1 ]pjvI-c-]-Xm-£≥ Iuk-eym-˛]p-X≥ Pm\-In-sbmSp thdm-tb,]pjvI-c-Wo-aY ]ºmw It≠;]pjv]-i-cm-Xp-c-am-\- -\mtbX°-kp-an-Xm,-]p-Xs\t\m°n˛Øm\p-c-sN-bvXm≥ “Im\\-saßpwan° hk-¥-hn-emkw sIm≠vhncmPnX-am-bnXp hocm ]mcm-bv. ”

2 ]mcmbv ]pjv]nX tIma-f-h√n]S¿s∂m-fn-hm¿∂ alo-cpl PmXn-IƒXotc ]ºmbmw \n¬°n‚Xp[oc-X-t]m-bn-sX-\n-°nh It≠Xmcm¿ s]mgn-e-Xn-se-ßp-ap-gt‚Xmhn hcp-Ω-cpXm s]cp-XmtbXocm-hn-cl alm·n icotcZo]n-°n‚n-sX-\n°p Ipamcm

3 amc-i-cm-Xp-c-bmbv apSn-bmtfmam\n\n Pm\In Xm\p-an-Zm\owNmcp hk-¥-an-h-Æ-an-sX-¶n¬Xm¿°p-g-emƒ acp-hn‚-hn-SØpwkmc-k-lw-k-\n-th-jn-X-ambXSm-I-P-tem-]cn Xosb-cnbpw t]m¬thcn Ie¿∂-cp-Wmw-_p-P-]¥nhncn™p ]c-s∂m-fn-hm¿∂Xp ImWmbv!

4 AXp-Im-Wm-b-c-b∂w t]S-bp˛ambv; a[p]m\s©bvXp-g-en‚Xp;_X! `rwKm-Zn-Ifpw ]nb-am-scmSphn]nt\ tN¿∂p-I-fn®p \S-t∂m¿CXp-Imew \m\m-P-¥p-°-fp˛anhntS \nP-\nP h√- -am-tcm˛SnX-ambv tahn-t‚m-scmcp ]m]n˛bncp-t∂≥ Pm\-In-sbmSp thdm-tb.



5 Pm\In! \mSp-]n-cn-™p-gepw a\p˛Pm[-a-\m-sa-t∂mtS IqS˛°m\-\-sa-bvXnb `man\n!\ns∑bvImWp-a-tX-sXmcp \mfn-\nbpw Rm≥Du\-an-emX hk-¥-hn-em-k-an˛Xp≈n-se-\n°p NpSp‚nXp \n∂p-sS˛bm\\ Nµ-hn-tbm-K-an-b‚-Xn˛\mte tIh-e-an‚-gn-hp-t‰≥

6 Agn-\n-e-bn‚n abq-cn-I-tfm-Sp-S˛\mSns\ tIIn-Iƒ NqS-cp-fp‚\]gn-Xp-S-cmX IqIn\ tImIn-e˛]©-ahpw aa s\©n-S¿ sNøpw;hgn-bn-\n-b¥p kpan-Xm-]pXm!sshtZ-lnsb sshImtX Im◊m˛\g-sIm-Sp-e¿s∂mc-timI anXm-t·-bm˛kvXa-\w-K≥ hn´Xp ImWmbv

7 ImWmbv! tIma-f-h-√n-I-fm-In¬I\y-I-amsc \S-s©-ønt®hoWm-\m-Z-sa\pw \h-`rw-K˛hnt\m-Z-a-t\m-lcKoX-tØmsS]qWm-c-Wn-ap-e-am-scm-Sp-Iq-Snb]pcp-jm-Wm-a-Xn-kp-J-I-c-amtb\oWmfpw h\-cw-tK-ta-hn\\ncp-]a amcpX \¿Ø-I-eoemw

8 Ba-fhpw a[p-]m-\-s©-bvX-\p˛cmK-h-im¬ hcn-h-≠p-Iƒ ]mSp-hm,ag-Im¬ abn-em-S,-a-Ingv¥pXYm-Ip-bn¬ sIm≠m-Sn‚Xp tIfmbv;tIma-f-am-cpX Iºn-X-im-J-IƒIqS aIngv¥p inc- p-Ip-ep°nØma-dn-thm¿ acp-hn‚Xp t]me-Xn˛Xmev]-cn-b-sØmSp \nev]Xp ]mcmbv9 ]mcn-e-Xoh at\m-l-cn-bm-Inb

`man\n Pm\-In-sb-°m-Wm™pwNmcp-h-k¥ hnem-k-an-tXhwXm¿N-c-Xm-]-sa-gp-ºSn I≠pw[ocX t]mbn-sX-\n-°n\n sbt‚Zo\-Xbm iocm-a≥ Xncp-hSnXmc-Wn-ta¬ hogn‚Xp I≠pXSp-Øp-St\ Xºn-bp-apc sNbvXm≥



10 Dc-sNbv hm\-cp-XmX hnjm-Z-an˛sXmgnI alm-flmth! Ime-Ømevhcpthm Nne kpJZp:JmZn-I-fnevhcmtam `hXmw NnØ-hn-Imcw?]cn-Xm]w s]cp-Xmbv hcp-Inev Xh]gp-Xp-s]Spw aa ss[cy-hp-sa‚m¬Hcp PmXn-bp-an-S¿ If-hm-\m¿ a˛‰pf-f-h¿ ]ns∂ \ap-°n-cp-h¿°pw

11 Ccp-h-cp-sa‚n \ap-s°mcp _m‘-h˛cnhn-sS-b-Sp-Øn-s√‚Xp ap≈nevIcp-Xn, hnjm-Z-an-f-®p-’m-lassIs°m-≠m-e-Xn-\m-en-X-ap≠mw;Hcp s]mgpXpw ]p\-cp-’m-l-Øm˛ept≠m Imew sIm≠p-h-cm-XXpNpcpƒ Ipg-emƒ Pm\-In-sb-bp-sa-bvXp˛¥pb-cn-Xn-\m-semgn a\p-Ip-e-Xn-e-Im,

12 a\p-Ip-e-Xn-e-Im! \n¥n-cp-h-Sn-bpsShN\w tIfmtX Rm≥ Pm\Inap\n-shmSp sNm∂Xp tI´p-]n-cn-™Xpaqe-a-\¿∞-an-sX-bvXn-b-sXt‚a\ n NpSp‚n-sX-\n-°p-S-\p-S-\Xphf-cp-¥h ]cn-Xm]w I≠m˛e\p-NnX timI-a-I-s‚-gp-\n‚n-\n˛bt\z-jn-®-cpƒ sshtZ-ln-sb-bpw.

13 “sshtZ-ln-bp-am-b-h-\-a-cp-e-Inevhkn-°n-ep-ap-St\ ]mXm-tf-t]m˛sbbvXo-Sp-In-ep-an-cm-h-W-s\-∏p-\˛tcXpw sshImtX sIme-sNbv thmw;ssaXm-hn\ IÆmƒs°m-cp-hm[hcm-\n-¥n-cp-h-Sn-Nn-¥n-°-b-Xn-\mev;sabvtX-dpI timIw If” sI∂phnc¥p kpan-Xm-]p-X≥ sNm∂m≥

14 sNm∂Xp tI´p-St\ iocm-a≥tim -\-an‚pc sNbvX-Xn-sXt‚A∂-h-t\mSpw IqS hnjm-Z˛aI-s∂-gp-\n‚Y ]º ISt∂ap∂¬ alm-Kncn I≠n-X-tamSpapXn¿∂p \S-∂-W-bn‚Xp I≠n-h˛cn∂-h-sc‚dnbmbvIbn-\m-en-S˛tcdp-≠m-bnXp kpKo-ht∂



15 h∂n-hntS \sΩ-s°m-e-sNbv hm≥hmen-bp-tS-b-cp-fm-se-bvXnt‚mcn∂n-h-cn-µ-k-am-\-]-cm-I-a˛cncp-h-cp-a-cn-b-X-t]m-[-\-cmtb;an∂nb hmsfmSp Nm]-N-cm-©nXhoc-∑m-cn-h-sc-∏-≠-dntbm ˛sa∂p \n\-¥Xn Zqsc-t∏m-b-g- -temSp hnNm-cn-®m≥ I]n-ho-c≥

16 I]n-h-c-\mb l\p-am-\‚XpI≠p-St\ kpKo-h\p sNm∂m≥:-N]-e-X-sbmgn;hmen-°n-hntS ap\n˛im]X-Øm¬ hcp-hm-\-cp-Xt√m!\r]-h-c-cm-a-h¿ a‰-h-t\mSp\nc‚p hcp‚-h-sc‚p \n\t®X]-\-kpXm tJZn-∏Xp ]‰m;kI-e-hp-a-dn-h≥ Rm\n-s∏m-gp-tX.

17 Cs∏m-gp-Xnw-Kn-X-a-dnbpw \o t]m˛bnh¿I-fptS \n\-h-dn-hp-‰m-enl\nev]¿ \ap-°m-i-b-am-sb-¶nev\nc-ØpI \o \b-tam-Sn\n sbt‚tamsIevs]mSp kpKo-h≥ sNm∂-f-hXptIs´mcp k\ym-km-IrXn ssIs°m˛≠t∏m-gptX l\p-am\pw \r]-kp-X˛ccnIp ]pIp-¥n-X-tamtS sNm∂m≥

18 AcnsI-sN∂ I]o-µ≥ I≠m˛\g-In-bepw Xncp-h-Sn-s]Sp Nph-tSevacp-hn\ iwJ-K-Zm-Zn-Iƒ NIwa‰n-h-I-≠-I-Xm¿ sXfn-hpt‰Xncp-a-Iƒ \mY-\-\m-Zn-ap-Ip-µ≥Xnd-hn-bepw Ia-te-£-W-\m-InbIcn-ap-In¬h¿Æ-\n-sX-∂-I-Xm-cnevI≠p-\-a-kvIrXn sNbvsX-gp-\n-∂m≥.

19 B\-Xp-Imew I≠m-\p-St\Bb-X-ambv hfcpw \nP-Ip-g-I-fnevam\-sa-gp-∂-Xn-tim-`nX IhNwamcp-Xnbpw I≠-RvP-en-tbmtSDu\-a-\-Øp-e-I-Øn\p Xo¿Øp-S˛\pZ-[n-bnte Xpbnev sIm≠p- -cn°pwhm\-h-\m-Y-\n-h≥ `ph-\-Øn\v_m[-sbm-gn-∏m≥ h∂p-f-\m-bm≥



20 \m\m-P\ \b-\m-arX ioX-f˛\c-hc thj-an-b‚ `hm-∑m¿hmt\m¿I-fnev hc-cm-Inb Nµ-Zn˛hmI-ctcm \c-\m-cm-b-Wtcm?tk\m-]-cn-hr-X-cm-sbm-fn-ho-Snbknwlm-k-\-K-X-cm-bp-e-tI-gp˛\m\m-Kp-W-samSp hmgvhm≥ X°-h¿\mSp-In-se‚p \apt°m tXm‰w.

Bibw (1 ˛ 20)1.koXsb th¿]n-cn-™-Xp-aqew ImaZpJn-X-\mb iocm-a≥ Xma-c-∏q-°-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb

]ºm-k-c p I≠-t∏mƒ ‘Cu ImsS√mw hk-¥-Øns‚ hnem-k-Øm¬ tim`n-°p-∂Xv A√tbm hoc-\mb e£vaWm \o I≠mepw’ F∂p ]d-™p.

2.]pjv-]n-®Xpw at\m-l-c-hp-amb h≈n-s®-Sn-Iƒ ]S¿∂p tim`n-°p∂ \m\m-X-c-Øn-ep≈ hr£-ßƒ ]ºm-\-Zn-bpsS XocØp \n¬°p-∂Xp I≠n´v Fs‚ ss[cy-sa√mw t]mbn. ]q°ƒ \nd™ DZym-\-Øn-seßpw _≤-s∏´v HmSn-\-S-°p∂ Im‰n-\m¬, h¿≤n® tXmXn-ep-≈Xpw Xocm-ØXpw th¿]m-Sm-Ip-∂-Xp-amb A·n Fs‚ico-c-Øn¬ Pzen-°p-∂Xv A√tbm Ipamcm \o I≠mepw.

3.]q¶p-g-en-bmb koX hkn-°p∂ ÿeØpw at\m-l-c-amb hk¥w C]-Im-c-am-sW-¶n¬ ]W-b-tIm-]-Øn-em-bn-cn-°p∂ koXbpw ImaZpJ-Øm¬ \in-t®-°mw.\o¿t°m-gn-Ifpw lwk-ßfpw \nd™ Cu Pem-i-b-Øn\p apI-fn-embn tXs\m-gp-Ip∂ sN¥m-a-c-∏q-°ƒ Xo IØp-∂-Xp-t]mse tim -bm¿∂v hncn-™p-\n¬°p-∂Xve£vaWm I≠m-epw. ˛ ˛ sN¥m-a-c-∏q-°ƒ hnS¿∂p \n¬°p∂Xns\ Ptem-]-cn-X-e-Øn\p Xo ]nSn® t]mse F∂p ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p.

4.Ac-b∂w t]S-tbm-sSm-∏hpw tX≥ IpSn®v ]p‰n-Øn-cn-bp∂ h≠p-Iƒ `mcy-am-tcm-sSm-∏hpw Imń-eqsS Ifn®p \S-°p-∂p. CtX-Im-eØp Xs∂ ]e-Xcw P¥p-Pm-e-ßƒ Ah-c-h-cpsS `mcy-am-tcm-sSm-∏w CjvS-tØmsS hkn-°p-∂Xpw e£vaWm I≠m-epw.-]m-]n-bmb Rm≥ amXw koX-sb-∏n-cn-™n-cn--°p∂p.

5.-\-cm-[-a-\m-b-F-t∂m-sSm∏w Imń-se-Ønb A√tbm `mtcy, \o th¿]n-cn-™-Xp-aqew _≤-s∏-Sp∂ Rm≥ \ns‚ icocw C\n F∂mWv ImWp-∂-Xv. Ipd-hn-√mØCu hk-¥-hn-emkw Fs‚ D≈w X]n-∏n-°p-∂p.-\ns‚ th¿]mSv Fs∂ Gsd Zp:Jn∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

6.Bä-bn-ep-Iƒ s]ä-bn-ep-I-tfm-sSmØv \rØw sNøp∂ ImgvN Fs‚ a\- ns\ X]n-∏n-°p-∂p. AXp-t]mse Ipbn-ep-Iƒ ]I-bn-√msX ]©aw ]mSp-∂XptI´v Fs‚ s\©ps]m´p-∂p. A√tbm e£vaWm, sshImsX koXsb ImWp-∂-Xn\v C\n F¥m-sWmcp t]mwhgn? `wKn-tbmsS ]qØp-\n¬°p∂ Atim-I-am-Ip∂Bt·-bm-kvXw Ima≥ hn´Xv \o I≠m-epw.

7.-]p-Xp-h-≠p-I-fpsS at\m-l-c-amb ]m´p-I-fm-Ip∂ hoWm-\m-Z-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v tIma-f-I-fmb h√o-I-\y-I-I-sf-s°m≠v h\-cw-K-saßpw Im‰v \rØw sNøn-°p-∂Xv \oI≠mepw. kpµ-cn-amsc ]p¬In-bn-cn-°p∂ ]pcp-j-∑m¿°v kpJ-I-c-amb ImgvN-bm-Wt√m CXv! X\n°v Aß-s\mcp Ahÿ C√ F∂p XmXv]-cyw.

8.-B-hp-∂X tX≥ IpSn®v A\p-cm-K-tØm-Sp-IqSn h≠p-Iƒ ]mSp-tºmƒ abn-ep-Iƒ\rØw sNøp-∂p. Ipbn-ep-I-fm-Is´ AtX-‰p-]m-Sp∂p. At∏mƒ Cfw Imt‰‰v Cf-Ip∂ hr£-Øns‚ imJ-Iƒ kwKoX \rØm-Zn-I-fn¬ ]mS-h-ap≈ kZ-ky-tc-t∏mseXe-Ip-ep°n ckn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

9.-G-‰hpw kpµ-cn-bmb koXsb ImWm-™-Xn-\mepw at\m-l-c-amb hk-¥-hn-em-k-Ømepw ImaZp:Jw h¿≤n® iocm-a≥ Fs‚ ss[cy-sa√mw tNm¿∂p-t]mbn F∂p-]-d™v `qan-bn¬ hogm≥ XpS-ßth,X-S™ e£va-W≥ Cßs\ ]d-™p.



10.-A√tbm alm-flmth ]d-™-dn-bn-°m≥ Ign-bmØ Cu hnjmZw Hgn-hm-°p-I.-Im-e-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v h∂p-tN-cp∂ kpJZp:Jß-fn¬ Atß-t∏m-ep-≈-h¿°v a\wam‰wD≠m-Ipsam? Aßs\ kw`-hn-®m¬ Fs‚ ss[cyhpw \jvS-s∏Spw. ]ns∂ \sΩc≠p-t]-scbpw BcmWv Biz-kn-∏n-°pI? F∂v e£va-W≥ iocm-a-t\mSp tNmZn-°p-∂p.

11.A√tbm iocm-am, \ap°v \Ω-f-√msX a‰p _‘p-°-sfm∂pw Chn-sS-bn-√.C°mcyw a\- n-em°n D’mlw hos≠-Sp-Øm¬ kt¥m-j-ap-≠m-Ipw. Imew sIm≠p-h-cmØ D’m-l-ß-fn-√-t√m. koXsb ]m]n®v Zp:JsØ thKw C√m-Xm-°n-bmepw.

12.A√tbm iocm-am, Rm≥ Aß-bpsS hm°p-Iƒ tIƒ°msX koX tIm]-tØmsS ]d-bp-∂Xp tI´v , Ahsf ]ncn-™-Xp-aq-e-amWv Cu A\¿∞-ß-sf√mwh∂p-tN¿∂-Xv. AXv Hm¿°pw tXmdpw Fs‚ a\ p \odp-∂p. A\p-Nn-X-amb CutimIw Aßv Dt]-£n®v C\n sshtZ-lnsb At\z-jn-°p-I.

13.-cm-h-W≥ koX-bp-ambn kz¿§-Øn¬ t]mbmepw ]mXm-f-Øn¬ t]mbmepwsshImsX \Ω-f-hs\ sIm√pw. koXbv°v Hcm-]Øpw hcp-I-bn-√. Aßv Nn¥n®pt\m°n kXyw a\- n-em-°p-I. Zp:Jw If™v thKw Xs∂ koXsb At\z-jn-°p-IF∂v e£va-W≥ cma-t\mSp ]d-™p.

14.-e-£va-W≥ ]d-™-Xp-tI´ iocm-a≥ ip`w C∂ v F∂p ]d-™n´v e£va-W-t\m-sSm∏w hnjm-Z-c-ln-X-\mbn Fgp-t∂‰v ]ºm-\Zn IS-∂p. ap∂n¬ Eiy-aq-Im-NewI≠v kt¥m-j-tØmsS sN∂ Chsc I≠-t∏mƒ kpKo-h\v kwi-b-ap-≠m-bn.

15.(-kp-Ko-h-i-¶).. Cµ-Xpey]cm-I-ahpw tijvT-amb X]-»-‡n-bp-ap≈ Ch¿ Aºpwhn√pw hmfpta¥n _men-bpsS \n¿t±-i-]-Imcw \sΩ h[n-°m≥ FØn-b-h-cmtWm?hoc-∑m-cmb Chsc F\n°p a\- n-em-Ip-∂n-√. Cßs\ IcpXn Zqsc amdn-bn-cp∂v kpKo-h≥ hnj-a-tØmsS Btem-Nn-®p.

16.-hm-\-c-ho-c-\mb l\p-am≥ cma-e-£va-W-∑m-cpsS hc-hp-I≠v kpKo-h-t\mSp ]d-™p. Nm©eyw If-bp-I. ap\n-im-]-Øm¬ _men°v ChnsS hcm≥ Ign-bn-√. Ch¿_men-tbmSp kJyw sNbvXv hcp-∂-h-cmWv F∂p hnNm-cn®v tJZn-°-cp-Xv. kI-e-Im-cy-ßfpw Rm\p-Ss\ At\zjn®p hcmw.

17.Ct∏mƒØs∂ \o t]mbn Ch-cpsS a\- n-en-cp∏dn™v \tΩmSp tbmPn-°p-∂-h-cm-sW-¶n¬ \b-]q¿∆w kJy-ap-≈-h-cm°nØo¿°p-I. Cßs\ kpKo-h≥ ]d-™-Xp-tI´ l\p-am≥ Hcp k\ym-kn-bpsS cq]w [cn®v B cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS Acn-In¬kt¥m-j-tØmsS sN∂v ]d-™p.18 apX¬ 22 hsc-bp≈ ]m´p-Iƒ l\p-a-±¿i-\-am-Wv. ]e Xmfn-tbm-e-I-fnepw 18 Dw 19Dw ]m´p-Iƒ ImWp-∂n-√.

18.-cm-a-e-£va-W-∑m-cpsS kao]w sN∂ l\p-am\v iocm-as‚ ]mZ-ß-fn¬ tim`n-°p∂ iwJv, NIw apX-emb Nn”-ßƒ I≠v a\ p sXfn-™p. XpS¿∂v e£vao-Im-¥\pw A\m-Zn-ap-Ip-µ\pw Xma-c-°-Æ\pw Im¿ta-L-\n-d-ap-≈-h-\p-amb iocm-as\ sXmgp-X-tijw l\p-am≥ Fgp-t∂‰p \n∂p.

19.B ka-bØv iocm-as‚ \o≠p-h-f¿∂ IpWvU-e-ß-fn¬ Io¿Øn-bp-≈Xpw Aew-Ir-X-hp-amb c£m-I-hNw I≠v l\p-am≥ cmas\ sXmgpXp \n∂p. temI-Øn\p apgp-h-\m-bp≈ Ipd-hp-Isf Xo¿Øv, kap-Z-Øn¬ \nZ sNbvXv `cn-°p∂ hm\-h-\m-Y-\mb Ch≥ `qan-bnse Zp:Jß-sf√mw C√m-Xm-°m≥ P\n-®-h-\m-sW∂v l\p-am≥Nn¥n-°p-∂p.

20.-k-I-e-P-\-ß-fp-sSbpw IÆp-Iƒ°v Aar-Xp-t]mse ioX-fhpw a\p-jy-thjw ]q≠-h-cp-amb `hm-∑m¿ tZh-∑m-cn¬ tijvT-cmb Nµt\m kqcyt\m AtXm \c-\m-cm-b-W∑mtcm? tk\-I-fm¬ Np‰-s∏ v knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ Ccp∂v F√m-hn[ KpW-ß-tfmSpwIqSn Ggp temIhpw `cn-°m≥ tbmPn-®-h¿ F∂mWv Fs‚ hnNm-cw.



`mjm-`-K-h-ZvKoX`KhZvKoXm hnh¿Ø-I-\mb am[-h-∏-Wn-°¿ Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øn\p Ing-°p≈

ae-b≥Io-gn-emWp Pohn-®n-cp-∂-sX∂p Icp-Xp-∂p. \ncWw Ihn-I-fn¬ apXn¿∂-bmƒae-b≥Io-gn¬ ]m¿∏p-d-∏n-°m-\p≈ ImcWw ae-bm-f-`m-jm-N-cn-X-Im-c-\mb ]n.-tKm-hn-µ-∏n≈ hy‡-am-°p-∂p-≠v. IÆ-»-∑m¿ P∑n-am-cmb Xncp-h-√-bnse ]Øn-√Øpt]m‰n-am-cpsS Irjn-°m¿ Bbn-cp-∂p. Cu P∑n°p ae-b≥Io-gn¬ Hcp IrjvW-kzm-an-t£-Xhpw hkvXp-°fpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.-X-∑qew am[-h-∏-Wn-°¿ ae-b≥Io-gn¬ ]m¿°m-\n-S-h-∂p.

temIØv BZy-ambn `K-h-ZvKo-Xbv°v kwkvIr-X-Øn¬ \n∂v hnh¿Ø-\-ap-≠m-bXp ae-bm-f-Øn-em-sW∂pw AXv am[-h-∏-Wn-°-cpsS `mjm- -K-h-ZvKo-X-bm-sW∂pwalm-Ihn D≈q¿ tIc-f-km-ln-Xy-N-cn-X-Øn¬ FSp-Øp-]-d-bp-∂p-≠v.-kw-t£-]n-®p≈]cn- m-j-bm-sW-¶nepw KoX-bpsS kmcmw-i-Øn\p bmsXmcp tIm´hpw X´msX i≤-tbmsS sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.`mjm-`-K-h-ZvKoX Hcp `mjm-\p-hmZw amX-am-sW-¶nepwAXns‚ Bcw- -hpw ]Zy-h-km-\-hp-sa√mw Hcp kzX-¥-Ir-Xn-bpsS ań¬Ø-s∂-bm-Wv.-C-Xn¬ BZysØ Bdp ]m´p-Iƒ Ihn kzX-¥-ambn Fgp-Xn-t®¿Ø-Xm-Wv. KoX-bnse Bi-b-ßsf `mjm-ku-µcyw sIm≠v at\m-l-c-am-°m≥ Ihn°p Ign-™n- p-≠v. 700 ]Zy-ß-fmWp KoX-bn-ep-≈-Xv.-am-[-h-∏-Wn-°¿ 328 ]m´p-I-fn-embn AXns\kwK-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂p. aqe-Ir-Xn-bnse Bi-b-ßƒ Gsd-sbm∂pw hn´p-IfbmsXbpwNne-bn-S-ß-fn¬ kzX-¥-I-ev]-\-Iƒ Iqń-t®¿Øp-amWv hnh¿Ø\w.h¿Ww,-i-_vZw,-]-Zw,-k-‘n,-]-Z-L-S-\m-coXn F∂o hymI-c-Wmw-i-ß-fn-se√mw kwkvIr-X-Øns‚kzm[o\w `mjm-`-K-h-ZvKo-X-bn¬ ImWmw.-]m-No-\-`m-jm-cq-]-ßfpw ImWp-∂p.

am[-h-∏-Wn-°-cpsS `K-h-ZvKoXm hnh¿Ø\w KoXm-km-csØ AXn-e-fn-X-amb\m´p- m-j-bn¬ km[m-c-W-°m-cn-te-s°-Øn-°p-I-sb∂ e£ysØ ap≥\n¿Ønbp≈-Xm-Wv.-Im-X-emb Bi-ßƒ `Z-ambn \ne-\n¿Øn-s°m-≠p-Xs∂ KoX kwK-ln®p]Xn-]m-Zn-°m\pw ]e-t∏mgpw i¶-c- m-jy-Ønse Bi-b-ßƒ Iqń-t®¿°m\pw kz`m-h-\-bn¬ hnS¿∂ kmZr-iy-I-ev]-\-Iƒ Aßnßp ]tbm-Kn-°m\pw Ihn i≤n-®n- p-≠v. aq∂pw \mepw t«mI-ßƒ Htc ]mń¬ Nne-t∏mƒ kwK-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂Xp ImWmw.hfsc anX-Xz-tØmSpw AS-°-tØmSpw `mj ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv CukwK-lWw km[y-am-bn-´p-≈Xv.

]e-t∏mgpw Hcp kzX-¥-I-hn-bpsS `mh-\m-hn-emkw am[-h-∏-Wn-°¿ ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p.-Ko-Xm-hn-h¿Ø-\-Øn-\p≈ Bap-J-sa-t∂mWw Bdp ]m´p-Iƒ kzX-¥-ambnBcw-`-Øn¬ Fgp-Xn-t®¿Øn-´p-≠v. kzX-¥-I-ev]-\-IƒsIm≠v AXy¥w lrZ-bm-h¿÷-I-amWv Cu ]m´p-Iƒ.-ÿm-h-c-Pw-K-a-ß-tfmSp ]pW-cmsX ]pW¿∂v ÿnXnsNøp∂ ]cw-s]m-cp-fns\ ]pjv]-Øn¬ Xßn-\n¬°p∂ kpK-‘-tØmSp kmZr-iy-s-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠mWv XpS-°w. c≠m-asØ ]mń¬ ⁄m\-a-lm-i-‡nsb Zo]-Øns‚]Im-i-tØmSpw BZn-Xys‚ civan-I-tfmSpw kmay-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ]Imiw Zo]-tØbpwcivan-Iƒ kqcy-t\bpw ImWn-®p-X-cp-∂-Xp-t]mse Cu ⁄m\-i‡n _“-ssN-X-\ysØ hy‡-am-°n-Ø-cp-∂p. Xm≥ thZ-hym-k-c-Nn-X-amb ]pcmWw apgp-h≥ `mj-bn-em-°m≥ Hcp-sº-Sp-∂Xv ]memgn IpSn®p h‰n-°m-sa∂v Ddpºp hnNm-cn-°p-∂-X-t]m-se-bm-sW∂p Ihn hn\-b-]-I-S\w \S-Øp-∂p.-Xs‚ `mj FX-ta¬ Zp¿∫-ehpwA]-cym-]vX-hp-am-sW-¶nepw KoXm-X-Øz-ßƒ°p bmsXmcp tIm´hpw hcn-I-bn-s√∂pam[-h-∏-Wn-°¿°p t_m[y-ap-≠v.kz¿W-s®-∏n¬ h®n-cp-∂mepw ]g-¥p-Wn-bn¬ s]mXn-™n-cp-∂mepw cXv\-Øns‚ aln-abv°p hyXymkw hcp-∂n√ Fs∂mcp ZrjvSm-¥m-e-¶m-c-amWv Ihn ChnsS ]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. I¿Ω-km-K-c-Øn¬\n∂p Ic-I-b-dm-\p≈ tXmWn-bmbpw I¿Ωm-S-hnsb Zln-∏n-°p∂ `mhm-·n-bmbpw At±lw⁄m\sØ cq]Ww sNøp-∂p-≠v.

`‡nbpw B≤ym-fln-Im- n-ap-Jyhpw km[m-c-W-°m¿°n-S-bn¬ ]N-cn-∏n-°p-I-sb∂AXn-a-l-Ømb ZuXy-amWv ]Wn-°¿ Gs‰-Sp-ØXpw ]mh¿Øn-I-am-°n-bXpw.B-i-b-ßƒ Bhp-∂X efn-Xhpw BI¿j-I-hp-ambn ]Xn-]m-Zn®v Ffn-b-h-cmb`‡≥am¿°p a\- n-em-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ am[h∏Wn°¿ \njvT ]men-®n-´p-≠v.-hn-h¿Ø-\-Øn-ep-S-\nfw ae-bm-f-Ø-\n-a-bpsS emh-Wyhpw BI¿j-I-Xzhpw ]I-S-



am-Wv.- -‡n-]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ Hcp imJ-sb∂ \ne-bn¬ ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bn¬ ]n¬°m-eØv Dcp-Øn-cn™ k¶o¿Ø-\-]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ BZy-_o-Pßfpw IÆ-»-∑m-cn¬ImWm-\mhpw. In´p∂ kµ¿ -ß-fn-se√mw Cuiz-c-\m-a-ßƒ Bh¿Øn-°p∂ coXnImWp-∂p-≠v.-Im-hy-Øn¬ Cgp-In-t®¿∂p \n¬°p∂ hn[-Øn¬ ioIr-jvW-]-cym-b-ßƒ am[-h-∏-Wn-°¿ Bh¿Øn-°p-∂p.-t_m-[-]q¿∆-amb Cu iaw aWn-]-hm-f-Ir-Xn-I-fn-eqsS \msSßpw ]N-cn® kwt`m-K-irw-Km-c-Øn\v Hc-fhp hsc adp-a-cp-∂m-bn-Øo¿∂p.]m´v˛ 1˛6- B-apJw (Bibw)

(D]-\n-jXv kmc-k¿∆-kz-amb KoX `mjm-\p-hmZw sNøp-∂-Xn-s\m-cp-ßp∂ Ihn]c-am-flm-hn\v \a-kvIm-c-]q¿∆-amb awKfw BN-cn-°p-∂p).

A¤p-X-I-c-ambpw Aar-X-ambpw \nJn-e-km-c-ambpw PK-ØmsI hym]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xmbpw P\-\w, acWw, \mi-Im-c-W-ßƒ F∂nh C√m-Ø-Xmbpw ad-hn¬ h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xmbpw ]qhn¬ kpK-‘-sa-∂-t]mse Ncm-N-c-]-]-©-tØmSp tN¿∂pw tNcm-sXbpw \ne-sIm-≈p-∂Xpw k®n-Zm-\-µ-am-bn-´p-≈-Xp-amb ]c-_-“sØ Rm≥ hµn-°p-∂p.

Zo]-]-Imiw Zo]-tØbpw Np‰p-ap≈ Inc-W-ßƒ kqcy-s\bpw Imń-Ø-cp-∂-Xpt]mse k¿∆-kz-cq-]-am-bn´pw \mi-an-√m-Ø-Xm-bn´pw Poh-s‚bpw ]c-am-flm-hn-s‚bpwsFIy-ÿm-\-ambpw \n¬°p∂ ]c-_-“-Øns‚ Z¿i\w e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n⁄m\-kz-cq-]n-Wn-bmb alm-i-‡nsb Rm\nXm hµn-°p-∂p.

inh-i-‡n-am¿ B\-bp-sSbpw ]nSn-bp-sSbpw cq]w ]q≠v kwKw sNbvX-t∏mƒ ]nd∂KP-ap-J-t\bpw at\m-l-cn-bmb kc-kz-Xn-tZ-hn-tbbpw Rm≥ hW-ßp-∂p. ‡n-tbmsS`K-h-ZvKo-Xm¿∞w sNm√m≥ BK-ln-°p∂ F\n°p hyk-\-ßƒ hcm-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥AJn-e-P-K-Øn\pw Kpcp-hmb \mcm-b-W≥ Fs∂ A\p-K-ln-°-s´.

amen\yw kv]¿in-°m-Ø-h\pw \mcm-b-W-\p-amb ioIr-jvW≥ £Xn-b\pw]mWvUp-]p-X-\p-amb A¿Pp-\\v bp≤-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ sNm√n-s°m-SpØ ⁄m\m¿∞-ßsf ]cm-i-c-]p-X\pw alm-ap-\n-ti-jvT-\p-amb thZ-hym-k≥ ]Xn-s\´v A≤ym-b-ß-fn-embn hnh-cn-®Xv \mcm-bWs‚ A\p-Klw sIm≠v Cu \c-Io-S-amb Rm≥ Hcp-a´p ]d-bm≥ XpS-ßp-I-bm-Wv.

ap\n-k-Ø-a-\mb thZ-hym-k≥ a-l-Ømb [ym\w aqew Dƒ°ÆpIƒsIm≠v I≠-dn™v hnh-cn® ]pWy-]p-cmWw ]q¿W-ambn `mj-bn¬ sNm√m-sa∂p Rm≥ hnNm-cn-°p-∂Xv AXn-hn-kvXr-X-amb ]memgn I≠n´v AXp IpSn-°m-sa∂v Ddpºp Icp-Xp-∂Xp t]msebm-Wv. Kpcp-X-ey-cmb alm-P-\-ßƒ C°m-cy-Øn¬ Fs∂ Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Ø-cp-sX∂v Ah-cpsS ]mZ-ßƒ sXm´p hWßn Rm≥ At]-£n-°p-∂p.

_“mhn\p Xpey-\mb thZ-hym-k≥ kwkvIr-X-]-Zy-ß-fmbn Acp-fn-s®-bvXXvRm\nXm `mjm-I-hn-X-bmbns®m√m≥ t]mIp-∂p. hne \n›-bn-°m-\m-hmØ cXv\wkq£n-°p-∂Xv kz¿Æ-s®-∏n-em-bmepw ]g-¥p-Wn-bn¬ s]mXn-™m-bmepw AXns‚aln-abv°v Fs¥-¶nepw Ipdhp hcptam?

(Xs‚ hnh¿Ø\Øn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw Ipd-hp-I-fp-s≠-¶n¬ AXn-\p-Im-cWw `mjm-]-c-amb Xs‚ A]m]vXn amX-am-sW∂p hn\-b-]q¿∆w ]kvXm-hn-°p∂ Cu `mK-tØmsS KoXm-hn-h¿Ø\w XpS-ßp-∂-Xn\p apt∂-bp≈ BapJw Ah-km-\n-®p)]m´v 7˛10 (B-i-bw)

]pWy`q-an-I-fn¬h®v G‰hpw tijvT-amb Ipcp- q-an-bn¬ NXp-cw-K-tk-\-tbm-sSmØvFØn-t®¿∂p \Ωfpw ]mWvU-hcpw F¥mWp sNøp-∂-sX∂v [rX-cm-jvS¿ tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ ]mWvU-h-ssk-\ysØ Zptcym-[-\≥ i≤n®p t\m°n-sb∂v kRvP-b≥ ]Xyp-Øcw \¬In.

BNm-cy-\mb òjva-tcmSv Zptcym-[-\≥ C]-Imcw ]d-™p. ]mWvU-h-∑m-cpsSssk\ysØ Aßv t\m°p-I. tZth-µ\p Xpey-cmb cmPm-°-∑m-tcbpw òam¿÷p-\-∑m¿s°m-∏-ap≈ alm-c-Y-∑m-tcbpw I≠mepw. \ap°pw cmPm-°-∑m¿ ]e-cp-≠-t√m.



AßmWv Ah-cpsS \mb-I≥. F\n-°p-th≠n \nßƒ ]mW-XymKw sNøm≥ Hcp-sº-´mepw.

cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS a[y-Øn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v òjva¿ iwJp hnfn-®p. AXp-tI´v iXp-]£w H∂v Cf-In-bm¿°p-Ibpw Iuc-h-ssk\yw IS¬t]mse B¿Øn-c-ºp-IbpwsNbvXp. apc-iv,-]-Whw XpS-ßnb hmZy-ßƒ FºmSpw apg-ßn-b-Xp-tI´v AJn-te-iz-c-\mb ioIr-jvW≥ CSn-ap-gßpw t]mse-bp≈ iwJ-\mZapb¿Øn.

AXp-tI´v A¿÷p-\≥ tZh-ZØsa∂ Xs‚ iwJw DuXn. bp[n-jvT-c≥ A\-¥-hn-P-b-hpw òa≥ ]uWvUhpw DuXn.-\-Ipe kl-tZ-h-∑m¿ kptLm-jw, aWn-]p-jv]IwF∂o iwJ-ß-fn¬\n∂p \mZw Db¿Øn. Cu i_vZ-ßƒ Db¿∂-t∏mƒ BIm-ihpw`qanbpw \Sp-ßp-Ibpw iXp-°-fm. Iuc-h-cpsS lrZbw ]nf-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

cma-I-Y-∏m´v Hcp P\-Iob alm-Im-hy-amWv Aøn∏n≈ Bims‚ cma-I-Y-∏m´v. Im-hy-Nm-cp-X-

tbm-sSm∏w Km\-Øns‚ i‡nbpw emfn-Xyhpw CXn¬°mWp-∂p. iocm-a-I-Y-bmWvBJym-\-hn-j-bw. cma-N-cn-X-Øn¬\n∂p `n∂-ambn cmam-b-W-IY ]q¿W-ambpw Dƒ∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]Ip-Xn-bn-tesd `mKw bp≤-Im-WvU-am-Wv. CXn-lm-k-Im-hy-ßƒhoc-c-k-]-[m-\-ß-fm-b-Xp-sIm-≠mWv bp≤-h¿W-\-bn¬ Ahbv°p ]mapJyw ssIh-cp-∂-Xv. Cu IrXn°v cma-N-cn-X-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ hyXy-kvX-X-Iƒ Ch-bmWv1.-Iq-Sp-X¬ kwKo-X-am-[p-cn-tbm-Sp-IqSn cNn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.2.-]m-tZ-in-I-`mjm cmam-b-W-ßƒ cmas\ Cuiz-c-]-Z-hn-bn-te-°p-b¿Øm≥ ian-®-t∏mƒ cma-I-Y-∏m- n¬ CXn-lm-k-]p-cp-js\ IqSp-X¬ am\p-jo-I-cn-°m-\p≈ ia-am-Wp-≈-Xv.

]mń\p eoem-Xn-e-I-Im-c≥ Iev]n® e£Ww th≠X ]men-°mØ cN-\-bm-Wn-Xv. F∂m¬ Zan-U-kw-Lm-Xm-£c ]mTw F∂ ][m\ \n_-‘-\sb XØz-Øn¬AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p.-kw-kvIr-X-]-Z-ßsf `mjm-]-Z-ß-sf∂t]mse Xs∂ AXn-J-cm-£-c-ß-tfmSpw Iq -£-c-ß-tfmSpw IqSn At±lw ]tbm-Kn-®p. AtX-k-abw kwkvIr-X-Øns‚ A¥co£w Imhy-Øn¬ IS-∂p-Iq-SmsX i≤n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. XnI®pwZmhn-U-am-sbmcp A¥-co-£-amWv cma-I-Y-∏m- n¬ \ap-°-\p- -h-s∏-Sp-I.-A-Xp-sIm-≠mWvkwkvIr-X- m-j-sb-s°m≠v Bim≥ kzIr-Xn-bn¬ hnSp-]Wn sNøn®p F∂v tUm.-]n.-sI.-\m-cm-b-W-]n≈ \nco-£n-®-Xv.

s\øm-‰n≥I-cbn¬ hngn-™-Øn-\-Sp-Øp≈ A∆m-Sp-Xpd BWv Bims‚ P∑-ÿ-ew.-tIm-h-f-Øn-\-Sp-Øm-Wn-Xv. Aøn-∏n≈ Bims\ ae-bm-f-Ønse \h-c-Xv\-ß-fn¬ ]Y-a-K-W-\o-b≥ F∂v D≈q¿ hnti-jn-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂p.hm-evaoIn cmam-b-W-ØnepwImfn-Zm-km-Zn-Ir-Xn-I-fnepw Bim\v AKm-[-amb Adn-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.cma-I-Y-∏m- ns‚Ime-tØ-∏‰n ]WvUn-X-∑m¿°n-S-bn¬ A`n]m-b- n-∂-X-bp-≠v. eoem-Xn-e-I-c-N-\bv°p]n≥]pw IÆ-»-Ir-Xn-Iƒ°p ap≥]p-amWv CXns‚ cN-\m-Im-e-sa-∂XmWv s]mXpshAwKo-I-cn-°-s∏- n- p-≈-Xv.

ae-bm-f-Ko-X-ß-fpsS Ie-h-d-sb∂pw Hcp Km\-]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ kncm-tI-µ-sa∂pwCu IrXn hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. cma-I-Y-∏m-ńs‚ Bem-]-\-Øn\v ]Zva-\m-`-kzm-an-t£-X-Ønse D’-hmtLmjß-fn¬ anI® ÿm\-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.-tKm-]p-c-Øn\p Xmsgt£X-Øn\p ]pd-Øp-h-®mWv CXp ]mSn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Nµ-h-fbw F∂p t]cp≈ sNdn-sbmcp DSp°p amX-amWv kwKo-tXm-]-I-c-W-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. CXv hn√-Sn-®m≥ ]m´p-Im-cpsS Bh-iy-Øn\p th≠n-bp≈ sX°≥ ]m´p-I-fn¬ s]Sp-∂n-√. Xan-gns‚ ]mtZ-in-I-cq-]-amWv Ah-bn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv. hnj-bhpw ]mtZ-in-I-am-bn-cn°pw.sFXn-lm-kn-I-am-bn-cn-°n-√. Ccp-\q-‰-º-tXmfw hrØ-ßƒ CXn-ep-≠v.

cma-I-Y-∏m- nse `mj ae-bmw-X-angv BsW-∂mWv alm-Ihn D≈q¿ A`n-]m-b-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]tbm-K-ßƒ apgp-h≥ Xangv A\p-k-cn-®m-sW∂v ]n.-tKm-hn-µ-∏n≈tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Xan-gns‚ Nph-bp≈ sX°≥ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ImcpsS hmsam-gn-bpsS ]mNo-\-cq-]-ambn CXnse `mjsb D≈q¿ KWn-°p-∂p. Xangv Ie¿∂ sX°≥Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse tZiy- m-j-bmWv CXn-ep-≈-sX∂v Cfw-Ip-fhpw A`n-]m-b-s∏- n-cn-



°p-∂p. F∂m¬ Xan-gns‚ Hcp tZi-t -Z-am-Wn-sX∂v tUm.-]n.-sI.-\m-cm-b-W-]n≈ Icp-Xp-∂n-√. ImcWw ip≤ sN¥-angpw kwkvIr-Xhpw CS-I-e¿∂p≈ `mK-ßƒ CXn¬[mcm-f-ambn ImWp-∂p-sh∂pw hnti-jW hnti-jy-s∏m-cpØw hn -‡y¥ cq]-ßƒXpS-ßn-bh CXnse kwkvIrX ]tbm-K-ß-fn¬ ImWm-\ps≠∂pw At±lw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p.

BZy¥w Imhym-fl-I-amb mj-bmWv Cu IrXn-bnep≈-Xv.Xan-gn-t‚bpw kwkvIr-X-Øn-t‚bpw klm-b-tØm-Sp-IqSn ae-bm-f-Øn¬ cq]-s∏´ Hcp ssien-bm-Wn-Xn-ep-≈-Xv. amXr- m-j-bmb ae-bm-f-Øns‚ XnI™ kwkvIm-c-tØm-Sp-IqSn X\n°v G‰hpwhg-ßn-bn-cp∂ Xan-gn-s‚bpw kwkvIr-X-Øn-s‚bpw hn -h-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v cq]-s∏-Sp-Ønb Hcp k¶-c- m-j-bpsS A\p-c-W\w CXn¬ \mw tIƒ°p-∂p.˛ kwkvIr-X-Ønse Iq -£-c-ßƒ Dƒs∏sS F√m A£-c-ßfpw CXn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p(-e-£va-W≥, A·n )˛ Xme-hym-tZiw XpS-ßnb \b-ßƒ Aßnßp ]h¿Øn®p ImWmw˛ ‚ tN¿∂ IrXn-a-]-tbm-K-ßƒ [mcm-f-am-bp-≠v.˛ X’-a-ßfpw X’-a-ßfpw ]tXy-I- hy-h-ÿ-sbm-∂p-an-√msX ]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

ae-bm-f-Ønse ]m´p-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-ß-fn¬ cma-N-cn-X-Øn\pw IÆ-»-Ir-Xn-Iƒ°pw at≤y-bmWv cma-I-Y-∏m- ns‚ ÿm\w. kwkvIrXw ae-\m´pXangv F∂nhIqSp-X¬ eb-tØmsS kwKo-X-a-b-ambn CXn¬ ktΩ-fn-®n-cn-°p∂p.a-e-bm-f-Ønse ]mNo-\-]-Z-ß-fpsS Hcp J\n-bmWv Cu IrXn. B \ne-bn¬ `mjm-hn-Zym¿∞n-Iƒ°v hne-s∏´Hcp ]T-\-KŸw Xs∂-bmWv cma-I-Y-∏m- v.H∂mw hrØw

1 AcpƒX-c-°-hn-X-amXpwA≥I-c-tØm-\p-sa-¥≥

Kpcp-h-c-sc-√m¿]mZwsIm≠-\≥ Xe-ao-XmssI

Dc-ap-S-\p-i¥ cma˛\maØp°pXIn sNbvssI

Icp-XpI Id-°-t≠-i¿IS-e-Xn¬ hng-a-Xm-em¬

Bibw: cma-I-Y-∏m- ns‚ XpS°w Ipdn-°p∂ hncpØw BWn-Xv. Ihn CjvS-tZ-h-X-Isf kvXpXn-®p-sIm≠v Imhy-c-N\ Bcw- n-°p-∂p. A\p-Klw Xcp-hm-\mbn Ihn-am-Xv(-k-c-kz-Xn), A≥I-c-tØm≥(-K-W-]-Xn),Kp-cp-h-c-∑m¿ Ch-cp-sS-sb√mw ]mZ-ßƒ Rm≥inc- n-e-Wn-bp-∂p.-D-c-ap-≈-Xpw(-a-l-Xzw) D∂-X-hp-amb cma-IY hmgvØp-∂-Xn\vklmbw sNøm≥ IS-ense hnjw `£n®v IdpØ IWvT-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cui≥A\p-K-ln-°-s´.2 Be-\n-g-ap-≠-c-\p-a-Ω-bp-ssa-amXpw

AcpƒX-cp-I-b≥Ic-\p-a-dp-ap-J-h-\mcpwtIme-ap-S-\n-¥n-c-cp-an-a-tbm¿ap-\n-h-ccpw

sIm≠¬s]mcpw hm\n-se-gp-an-¥n-c-N-¥n-ccpw_me-a-Xn-Xs\ sh√pw-\p-X-en-Øn-cp-amepw

h∂-s°m-Sn-bn-S-bp-S-bmƒ h√n-°-hn-amXpwioe-ap-S-\n-h¿I-f-\-thmcpw a‰p-t≈mcpw

Nn¥-X-\n-se≥Kp-cp-hp-a-¶-dn-hp-t≈mcpw



Bibw: Imf-IqSw `£n® inh\pw temI-am-Xm-hmb Dam-tZ-hnbpw KW-]-Xnbpwkp_-“-Wy\pw kp -K-\mb Cµ\pw tZh¿jn-Ifpw BIm-iØp hnf-ßp∂ kqcy\pwNµ\pw kpµ-cn-bmb alm-e-£vanbpw alm-hn-jvWphpw Irimw-Kn-bmb kc-kz-XnbpwA\y-ssZ-h-ßfpw Fs‚ Kpcphpw a‰p ]WvUn-X-∑mcpw Fs‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬ Acp-fp-am-dm-I-s´. 3 Adn-hn-\p-S-\-∂-b-cp-a≥s]mSp ]nXmhpw

cma-Im-hnb acp-fsh XpW-sN-bvXoSs\dn-h-f-cp-a-b-\-a-sbm-S-cp-fn\ ssZhnIw

t\i-samSp ap\n \mc-Z≥ a\-kn-tedshdn-s]-cpIn hmevao-In-sbmSp Iqdn-\-Xm¬

hn≠-\≥Ihn-Iƒ _lp-a-≠-e-am-sX¶pwIpdn-bm-\-hm¿Ø \ng¬I≠p Nndp-Xm-sII

Ip_-ebw X\n¬\n‚p-bm≥ ]mSpw hssI-Xm≥Bibw: Adn-hp-≈-h-fmb Fs‚ AΩbpw A≥ ]p≈ A—\pw cma-Imhyw Acp-fm≥ XpW sNø-s´. [¿Ωm-flm-hmb inh≥ Dam-tZhn-tbmSp ]d™ BZ-c-]q¿∆wa\- n-em-°nb \mc-Z-a-l¿jn D’m-l-]q¿∆w hmevao-In-tbmSp ]d-™-Xn-\m¬ henbImhy-ßƒ `qa-WvU-e-Øn-seßpw D≠m-bn.-km-c-]q¿W-amb B IY-bpsS \ng-ep-amXw Kln-®p-sIm≠v tImhfw tZi-Øn-cp∂p Rm≥ h√-]mSpw ]mSp-∂p. 4 Xmt\gpkmK-c-¥-s\-b-S-¶-ehpw

X\n-sb-dp-ºp-Æp-h-Xm-\-N-cn-t]mseXmt\-Xp-a-dn-bm-a-en‚p-c-sNøpw hssI

\t√m¿ s]mdp-Ø-cpƒI-sb-t√m-cp-an-Ω-Inghmt\-dp-]p-cn-Iƒ ]cn-bmIsbmfn-hoSpw

hm\-hcpw \ºn-Sp-a-tbm-≤y-]p-cn-X-∂nteRm\-samSp `q]-Xn-am¿ ]e-cm-s≠m-Sp¶

\ºn-b-P-cm-P-\p-]n-d¥p Zi-c-YcpwBibw: Ggp kmK-c-ßfpw apgp-h-\mbn Hcp Ddpºp X\nsb IpSn-®p-Xo¿°m≥ Hcp-sºSpw t]mse-bm-Wn-Xv. bmsXmcp Adn-hp-an-√mØ Rm≥ Dc-sN-øp-∂-sX√mw kØp-°-fmb \nßƒ £an-®-cp-fn-bm-epw. kz¿§temI-Ønse \K-c-ßƒ°p Xpey-ambn tim`n-°p-∂Xpw tZh≥am¿ t]mepw Bi-bn-°p-∂-Xp-amb Atbm-[ym-]p-cn-bn¬ ⁄m\n-I-fmb Ht´sd cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS ]n∑p-d-°m-c-\mbn AP-a-lm-cm-Pm-hn\p ]pX-\mbn Zi-c-Y≥ ]nd-∂p.5 Zi-c-Y¿ ]nd-¥p- p-hn,-b-d-aXp hf¿¥p

inh-P-h-a-dn¥p ]e s\dn-I-fp-ap-W-¥m¿KPc-Y-a-S-¶-e-hp-a-h-\n-bn¬ \nd¥p

sI©n-h-cp-hm¿Iƒ \S-X-¶-fp-a-S¥p\nP-ckw hf¥p ]e-Zn-in-I-fp-ap-W¥p

t\i-Ip-e-io-e-ap≈ tImk-e-h≥a-b-em¬hN-c-k-a-dn¥ Iuk-ey-am¿X-s\bpw

awK-eyhpw sNbvXp am¿∆-W-¥-\-cmw.Bibw: Zi-c-Y≥ P\n-®p. `qan-bn¬ [¿Ωw hf¿∂p. thZm- y-k\w ]N-cn-®p. kZm-Nm-c-ßƒ h¿≤n-®p. B\,-tXcv apX-em-bh cmPyØp \nd-™p. bmN-I-∑m¿ C√m-Xm-bn. kXy-\njvT F√m-bn-SØpw \nd-™p.-\√ Ipe-io-e-ß-tfmSp IqSnb tImk-em-[n-]≥ hfsc t]a-tØmsS a[p-c-`m-jn-Wn-I-fmb Iukey XpS-ßn-b-hsc hnhmlwsNbvXv kpJ-am-bn-cp-∂p. 6 AWbv¥p ]e-\mƒ aq‚p tZhn-b-cp-amssI

Bi-sbm-Sn-cp¥p ]e-\m-fp-Iƒ apIn-Øm¿



CW-¶n\ kpan-¥n-c-c-dn¥p sN√p-a-∂mƒGd-a-\-\o-d¬ s]cp-Xm-I-bp-c-sN-bvXm¿

AW-¶-b¿ s]dpw s]dp-sa‚m-hn-Iƒ Ipfp¥pBi-b-√m-a-semcp t\i-ans√ a∂m

“aW-¶ƒ Iecpw Ipg-en-am¿Iƒ anSn Xosscssa¥¿ s]dp-hm¿I-fns√” ‚p Zi-c-Ycpw

Bibw: ]e-\mƒ aq∂p tZhn-am-scbpw ]m]n®v Zi-c-Y≥ Bi-tbmsS Ign-®p-Iq- n. ]nb-s∏- -h-\mb kpa-¥¿ Hcp Znhkw h∂v a\ p h√msX \odn-s°m≠v Cßs\ ]d-™p.˛ ]nb-X-a-am¿ s]dpw s]dpw F∂m-in®v D≈w Ipfn¿Øp.;]t£ Bf-Iƒ kXy-am-bn-√. kpµ-cn-am¿ tZmj-ßƒ Xo¿∂v Ip´n-Isf ]k-hn-°p-I-bn√ F∂p Zi-c-Y\pw ]d-™p. 7 C√ hn[n-sb‚-I-a-gn-¥p-c-sN-bvXoS

Cº-samSp a¥ncn kpan-¥n-c¿ samgn-¥m≥A√-en-Xn-\m-ep-S¬ Xf-¥p-cp-In-bp-cpIn

Ah-\n-]Xn Zn\-hp-an-Xp-I-cp-Xn-bn-cp-s]m-gpXpwsXmss√ s]cp-Xmbv a\-a-gn-¥nS \ap°p

kzb-am-I-bn-_v p-hn-bn¬ h¥-h-ssI-Xmt\msNm√-cnb kqcn-b-Ip-e-Øn-ep-f¿hm-t\m¿

kpX-cp-°p-an-∏-Sn-hcpw IcpW a∂mBibw: F\n°p a°-fp-≠m-Im≥ hn[n-bn√ F∂v AI-a-gn™p cmPmhp ]d-™-t∏mƒ Cº-tØmsS a¥n-bmb kpa-¥¿ ]d-™p.Cu Zp:Jw \nanØw Ah-\n-]-Xn-bmb Aßv cm]-I¬t¢in®p a\-ap-cp-Ip-∂Xv Rßƒ°v Cu temIØp kw -hn® `mKy-tZm-j-am-Wv.-]-i-kvX-ambkqcy-Ip-e-Øn¬ P\n-®-h¿°pw alm-cm-Pmth C]-Imcw Zp:Jap-≠m-Iptam? 8 a∂-hs\ ssh`WvU-I≥Xs\ hcpØn

hmgv]p-cn-bn-tem-an-Øn-Sn¬∏p-X¬h-cp≠mwF∂-]-Sn-bm-\m-ep-a-Ωp-\n-h-c≥ ap≥

Fgp-\-cpfn-bSnsXm-hp-Xp-bn-≠-se-bp-a-cpfnsNm∂-sam-gn-tI´p ap\n-h≥X-s\-b-g-Øm¬

Xpb-cd \ap°p shfn-h-cp-a-c-i-\\mwNn∂-\mƒap∂-a-°m-e-a-Ωp-\n-h-c≥

sNbvX-]Sn tIfn-Xn-s\m-scm∑ s]dp-hm-\mbvBibw: alm-cm-Pmth Eiy-irw-Ks\ Atbm-≤y-bn¬ hcpØn bmKw \S-Øn-bm¬ ]pX-∑m-cp-≠m-Ipw.-FX hnj-an-®n- m-bmepw B ap\n-h-cs‚ ap∂n¬-F-gp-∂≈n ]mZßƒ sXmgpXv k¶-SsØ Adn-bn-°p-I. Inco-Sm-h-Imin P\n-°pw. CXp kXy-am-sW-∂p-≈-Xn\p sXfn-hmbn Bap\n _mey-Øn¬ sNbvX Hcp Imcyw tIƒ°pI 9 H∑s]dsh tcma-]-Z-\p-S-b-\m- n¬

Hdn-hn-X-sa-gp-¥p-Ωssg tNmcm-X-aqewX∑ s]cp-Xm-bp-e-In-ep≈ P\-sa√mw

Xc-bn-f-¥n-a-]p-cn-bn-e-a-cp-h-Xn-s\-°mƒH∑ adp-\m-Sp-I-c-tb-dp-aXp \msa‚p

DS-\-c-i-]p-cn-bn¬ \S-sIm-≈p-h-Xp-Imew\∑-]-cn-]m-e-cpsS a¥n-cn-am¿ sNm√m¬

\mcn-I-sf-bn-¶-h-\-g-Ø-cpƒ sNbvXm\mwBibw: tcma-]-Zs‚ \m´n¬ ag-s]-øm-Ø-Xp-aqew hcƒ®bp≠m-bn.B shdn h¿≤n-®p. [csbhn v ba-]p-cn-bn¬ FØp-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ \√Xv adp-\m-Sp-I-fn-te°v t]mIp-I-bmWv F∂p-I-cpXnQ\-ß-sf√mw Ac-i-]p-cn-bn¬\n∂p bmX Xncn-®p.-A-t∏mƒ cmPmhv \∑ D]-tZ-in-°p∂ a¥n-am-cpsS hm°p-Iƒ tI´v kpµ-cn-amsc hcpØn Ah-tcmSv C]-Imcw ]d-™p.



samUypƒ 3aWn-]-hmf kmlnXyw

]mNo\ ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Ønse AXn-]-[m-\-amb Hcp Imhy-im-J-bmbn aWn-]-hm-fsØ Icp-Xp-∂p. F.-Un. 13, 14, 15 \q‰m-≠p-I-fmWv CXns‚ ]`mhImew. ae-bmf `mjbv°pw kmln-Xy-Øn\pw _e-h-Ømb ASn-Ød \n¿Ωn-°m≥ Cu Imhy]ÿm-\-Øn\p Ign-™p. Ncn-X-]-chpw `mjm-]-c-hp-amb kml-N-cy-ßƒ aWn-]-hmf kmln-Xy-Øns‚ hf¿®bv°p ]n∂n¬ Is≠-Øm≥ km[n-°pw. kaq-l-Øn¬ta¬ss°bp≠mbncp∂ ssXh¿WnI kap-Zm-b-ß-fmWv Cu ]ÿm-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´p ]h¿Øn-®-Xv. F´mw iX-I-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp-≠mb Bcym-[n-\n-thiw tIc-f-Øn‚kmaq-lnI kmwkvIm-cnI aWvU-e-ß-fn¬ am‰-ßƒ°p hgn-sX-fn-®p. \ºq-Xncn ˛_m“W kap-Zmbw B[n-]Xyw t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p-Ibpw NmXp¿h¿Wyw ]_-e-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. D]-cn-h¿K- m-j-bmb kwkvIrXw ae-\m´p Xan-gn-t\mSv (tIc-f- mj)tN¿∂v Hcp hyh-lmc `mj ˛ `mjm aniw ˛ cq]-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn. CXns‚ kmln-Xy-cq-]-amWv aWn-]-hm-fw.

"`mjm kwkvIrX tbmtKm aWn-]-hmfw' F∂mWv eoem-Xn-e-I-Im-c≥ aWn-]-hm-f-Øn\p e£Ww Iev]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. `mj F∂-Xp-sIm≠v tIcf `mj-sbbpwkwkvIrXw F∂-Xp-sIm≠v hn -‡y¥ kwkvIr-X-sØbpw tbmKw F∂-Xp-sIm≠vklr-Zb lrZ-bm-Àm-Z-I-c-amb tN¿®-sb-bp-amWv hnh-£n-°p-∂-sX∂v eoem-Xn-e-I-Im-c≥ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. aWn-]-hm-f-Øn¬ \mep-Xcw ]Z-ßƒ hcmw.

`mjm-]-IrXn + `mjm]Xybw ˛> `mj.kwkvIr-X-]-IrXn + `mjm-]-Xybw ˛> `mjo-IrXw.kwkvIr-X-]-IrXn + kwkvIrX]Xybw ˛> kwkvIrXw.`mjm-]-IrXn + kwkvIrX]Xybw ˛> kwkvIr-Xo-IrXw.

kwkvIr-X-]-Ir-Xn-tbmSv kwkvIr-X-]-Xybw tN¿∂p-≠m-Ip-∂-XmWv bYm¿∞kwkvIr-X-]-Zw. CXv aWn-]-hm-f-Øn¬ IWn-»-ambpw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. hn -‡y¥kwkvIr-X-ßfpw kwkvIr-Xo-Ir-X-ßfpw aWn-]-hm-f-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°m-sa∂pw eoem-Xn-e-I-Im-c≥ ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. aWn-]-hm-f-sa∂ kw⁄-bn¬ aWn F∂-Xp-sIm≠v Nph-∏p-\n-d-ap≈ amWn-Iy-sØbpw ]hmfw F∂-Xp-sIm≠v Nph∏p ]hn-g-sØ-bp-amWvA¿∞-am-°p-∂-Xv. `mjbpw kwkvIr-Xhpw XΩn-ep≈ tN¿® aWnbpw ]hm-fhpwXΩn-se-∂-hÆw At -Z-t_m[w P\n-∏n-°-W-sa∂pw eoem-Xn-e-I-Im-c≥ hy‡-am-°p-∂p. `mjm-kw-kvIr-X-ß-fp-sSbpw ck-hm-Nym-¿∞-ß-fp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ aWn-]-hm-fsØ H≥]Xv hn`m-K-ambn At±lw hn -Pn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

1. XZp-Øaw `mjm-c-k-]m-[mt\y ˛ (D-Ø-a-a-Wn-]-hm-fw).`mj, kwkvIr-XsØ At]-£n®v ][m-\w.ckw, hmNysØ At]-£n®v ][m-\w.

2. `mjm]m[mt\y ck-km-amt\y ˛ (D-Ø-a-I¬]w)`mj kwkvIr-XsØ At]-£n®v ][m-\w.ckhpw hm-Nyhpw kam-\w.

3. ck-]m-[mt\y `mjm-km-tay N ˛ (D-Ø-a-I¬]w).`mjbpw kwkvIr-Xhpw kam-\w.ckw hmNy-sØ-°mƒ ][m-\w.

4. kmtay a[yw ˛ (a-[y-a-a-Wn-]-hm-fw).`mjbpw kwkvIr-Xhpw kam-\w.ckhpw hmNyhpw kam-\w.

5. `mjm kmtay ck-\yq-\-tXz ˛ (a-[y-a-I¬]w).`mjbpw kwkvIr-Xhpw kam-\w.ckw hmNysØ At]-£n®v \yq\w.



6. ck-kmtay `mjm-\yq-\-tXz- N. ˛ (a-[y-a-I¬]w).`mj kwkvIr-XsØ At]-£n®v \yq\w.ckhpw hmNyhpw kam-\w.

7. `mjm ]m[mt\y ck-\yq-\-tXz N ˛ (-a[yaI¬]w).`mj kwkvIr-X-sØ-°mƒ ][m-\w.ckw hmNy-sØ-°mƒ \yq\w.

8. ck-]m-[mt\y `mjm-\yq-\tXz N ˛ (a-[y-a-I¬]w).`mj kwkvIr-XsØ At]-£n®v \yq\w.ckw hmNysØ At]-£n®v ][m-\w.

9. \yq\tXz A[aw ˛ (A-[-a-a-Wn-]-hm-fw).

`mj kwkvIr-XsØ At]-£n®v \yq\w.ckw hmNysØ At]-£n®v \yq\w.

aWn-]-hmf Imhy-ß-fpsS Bcw`w tXme≥ F∂ Ihn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp-Øn-bmWv ]d-™p-h-cp-∂-Xv. At±-l-Øn-t‚-Xmbn ]d-™p-h-cp∂ aWn-]-hmf]Zy-ßƒkmln-Xy-N-cnXw ]ÿm-\-ß-fn-eqsS F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ Cfw-Ipfw Ip™≥]n≈D≤-cn-®p-Im-Wp-∂p. IqØpw IqSn-bmhpw Nne ]cn-jvIm-c-ß-tfmsS cwK-Ø-h-X-cn-∏n-®-t∏mƒ hnZq-j-I≥ ]Xn-t«m-I-ßƒ sNm√p-∂Xv aWn-]-hm-f-Øn-em-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.CXns‚ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øhpw tXme-\n-emWv Btcm-]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CØ-c-Øn¬ IqSn-bm- -Ønse \nc-h[n aWn-]-hmf]Zy-ßƒ Cu Imhy-im-J-bpsS ]mNo\ amXr-I-I-fm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.

sshin-I-X¥w F∂ IrXn eoem-Xn-e-I-Im-c≥ ]d-bp∂ aWn-]-hmf e£-W-ßƒ XnI™ cN-\-bm-Wv. A\wK-tk\ F∂ KWn-Ibv°v AΩ \evIp∂ D]-tZ-i-amWv Imhy-hn-j-bw. sshin-I-X¥w F∂ ]mNo\ aWn-]-hmfcN-\bpw A®oNcnXßfpw (D-Æn-bm-Sn-N-cn-Xw, DÆn-b®o Ncn-Xw, DÆn-®n-cp-tXhn Ncn-Xw), aWn-]-hmf eLp-Im-hy-ß-fmb sNdn-b-®o, C´n-b-®o, Cf-b-®o, DØ-cm-N-µn-Im, taZn-\oshÆn-em-hv F∂n-hbpw DÆp-\oen ktµ-iw, tImI-k-tµiw F∂o ktµ-i-Im-hy-ßfpaS-ßp∂ e£-W-samØ aWn-]-hmf kmlnXyw "Nµm-’hw' F∂ IrXn-bpsS Imewhsc ImWm-\m-hpw. eoem-Xn-eI hyh-ÿ-Iƒ ]q¿Æ-ambpw ]men-°p-∂Xv Cu IrXn-Iƒ amX-am-Wv. A\-¥-c-Im-e-Øp-≠mb cmam-bWw Nºp, ss\j[w Nºp, cmP-c-Xv\m-h-eobw XpS-ßn-b-h-bnse `mj BZn-L´ IrXn-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Gsd amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWm-\m-hpw.

\ΩpsS aWn-]-hmf kmlnXyw ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Ahbv°p Nne s]mXp kz`mhkhn-ti-j-X-Iƒ ImWm-w. H∂m-a-tØXv; Ah-bpsS cN-bn-Xm-°ƒ kwkvIrXw amXr-`m-j-bm-bn-cp∂ \ºq-Xn-cn-amcpw Ah-tcmSp _‘-s∏´ D∂-X-Pm-Xn-°m-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p.c≠m-asØ khn-ti-jX ]Xn-]m-Zy-Øns‚ ]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. ]mNo\ aWn-]-hmfImhy-ßƒ tZh-Zmko ]Io¿Ø-\-ß-fm-Wv. kwt`mK irwKm-c-amWv AwKn-bmb ckw.]mNo-\-a-Wn-]-hmfIrXn-I-fpsS aq∂m-asØ khn-ti-jX ka-Im-enIPohn-XsØHc-f-hp-hsc Ah ]Xn- -en-∏n®p F∂-Xm-Wv. tIc-f-Øns‚ ]IrXnemh-Wytam P\-ß-fpsS Pohn-X-co-Xntbm aWn-]-hmfIrXn-I-tf-t∏mse as‰mcp kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-bnepwka-K-ambn Bhn-jvI-cn-®n-´n-√. kpJ-tem-ep-]-X-bn¬ Ign-™n-cp∂ kº∂hn`m-K-Øns‚ kmlnXy hnt\m-Z-am-bn-cp∂p aWn-]-hmf IrXn-Iƒ.

tIc-f-N-cn-X-Ønse Ccp-f-S™ GSp-I-fn-te°p shfn-®w-ho-ip-hm≥ ]e aWn-]-hmfImhy-ßƒ°pw Ign-™n- p-≠v. tImIktµ-i-Øn¬ sImSp-ß-√q¿- -sIm®n ]tZ-i-ßƒ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ a[y-tI-c-f-Øns‚ cmjvSo-b-N-cn-Xhpw `qan-im-kvXhpw [mcm-f-ambn kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. thWm-Sns‚ NcnXw DÆp-\oen ktµ-i-Ønepw HmS-\m-Sns‚



NcnXw DÆn-bmSn Ncn-X-Ønepw ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p-≠v. kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw Ncn-X-]-chpw mjm-]-c-hp-ambn aWn-]-hm-f-Ir-Xn-Iƒ°p ]m[m-\y-ap-≠v. Po¿Æ-kw-kvIm-c-Øns‚ bYm-XY NnXWw \n¿h-ln-°p-Ibpw Bfl-\njvT cN-\-I-fn-eqsSImhy-k-]cy \n¿∆-ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvX aWn-]-hmf Ihn-Iƒ ae-bmf `mjbv°p\evInb tkh-\-ßsf hne-Ip-d®p ImWp-hm≥ \ap-°m-hn-√. B[p-\nI ae-bm-f-Øns‚cq]-h-XvI-c-W-Øn¬ aWn-]-hmf cN-\-Iƒ \evInb kw`mh-\-Iƒ H∂p-sIm-≠p amXwCu Imhy-im-J-tbmSp \mw IS-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p.

ktµ-i-Imhy ]ÿm\w\ΩpsS aWn-]-hmf kmlnXysØ kº-∂-am-°p∂ ktµiImhy-ß-fpsS BZy-am-

XrI \mw Is≠-Øp-∂Xv kwkvIr-X-km-ln-Xy-Øn-em-Wv. a‰v temI-km-ln-Xy-ß-fn-seßpw CØ-c-samcp Imhy-c-N-\m-coXn ImWp-∂n-√. AXp-sIm≠v ktµ-i-Im-hy-Øns‚NcnXw kwkvIr-X-km-lnXy Ncn-X-tØmSv _‘-s∏´p \nev°p-∂p. ae-bm-f-Øn¬ aWn-]-hm-f-Im-e-L- -Øn-emWv ktµ-i-Im-hy-ßƒ ]Nmcw t\Sn-b-Xv. Imfn-Zmk Imhy-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p \ap°v ktµ-i-ImhycN-\bv°v ]tNm-Z-\w. ktµ-i-Im-hy-ßƒ°v cq]m-h-eo-tIm-em-l-e-ßtfm CXn-hr-Ø-ssh-]p-eytam mh-k-¶o¿Æ-X-Itfm A[n-I-ambn ImWm-dn-√. Hcp kw -hw- -hn-c-lw, Hcp `mhw ˛ hn]-ew- w. AXns‚ hnIm-k-Øns‚ A\p-kyq-Xn-bmWv ktµ-i-Im-hyw. Cßs\ t\m°p-tºmƒ \ho-\-L- -Øn¬ ]Nm-c-am¿Pn® mh-Ko-X-ßƒ°v ktµ-i-Im-hy-ß-tfmSv kmay-ap-s≠∂v a\- n-em-Ipw. ktµ-i-Im-hy-ßsfBfl-\n-jvT-Im-hy-ß-sf∂pw ]d-bm-dp-≠v. ImcWw ktµ-i-Im-hy-ß-fpsS cN-\bv°v]n∂n¬ ]h¿Øn-°p∂ a\ v A¥¿ap-J-am-Wv. hkvXp-k-Xy-ßfpw kmaq-lnI \nb-aßfpambn AXn\v henb _‘-sam-∂p-an-√. A¥¿ap-J≥ lrZ-b-k-Xy-ßƒ°p cq]w\evIp-∂-h-\m-Wv. hy‡n-Xz-Øn\v Aan-X-]m-[m\yw Iev]n-°p-∂-h-\m-Wv. CXv Imev]-\n-I-amb kz`m-h-hn-ti-j-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ]cn-an-X-amb A¿Y-Øn¬ ktµ-i-Im-hy-ßsf "sdmam‚nIv Imhy'ßsf∂p ]d-bm-dp-≠v. `mh-\, ]ta-b-Øns‚ hy‡n-K-XXzw F∂n-h-bn¬ ktµ-i-Im-hy-ßfpw "sdmam‚nIv Imhy'ßfm-sWt∂ CXp-sIm≠vDt±-in-°p-∂p-≈q.

ktµ-i-Im-hy-ßƒ ˛ kwkvIrX kmln-Xy-Øn¬

EtKz-Z-Imew apX-emWv kwkvIr-X-km-ln-Xy-N-cnXw Bcw-`n-°p-∂-sX∂v kmam-\y-ambn ]d-bm-dp-≠v. ktµ-i-Im-hy-k-¶-ev]-Øns‚ ]Y-am-¶pcw EtKz-Z-Øn¬Øs∂ImWp-∂p≠v. A¿®m-\kv F∂ Ejn-bpsS ]pX-\mb iymhm-iz≥ cmXnsb ZqXn-bm-°p∂ Hcp kµ¿`w CXn¬ hnh-cn-®n- p-≠v. cY-hoXn F∂ cmPm-hns‚ aI-fn¬ A\p-c-‡\mb iymhm-iz≥ Ahsf hnhmlw Ign-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Xs‚ BKlw cmPm-hns\ Adn-bn-°p∂Xn-\mWv cmXnsb ZqXn-bm-°p-∂-Xv. hn]-ew`ZpxJw A\p- -hn-°p∂\mb-I≥ ktµ-i-a-b-bv°p∂ BZysØ Imhy-]-kvXmhw CXm-sW∂p Icp-Xmw.CXn\v ck-\o-b-Xbp-s≠∂p ]d-bm-\m-hn-s√-¶nepw ]nev°m-eØp hf¿®-bm¿Pn® ktµ-i-Imhyw F∂ Imhy-cq-]-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ]Ya k¶ev]w ChnsS Bcw-`n-°p-∂p-sh∂v hmZn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

cmam-b-W-Ønepw alm- m-c-X-Ønepw \mbn-Im-\m-b-I-∑m-cpsS hnc-lhpw ktµ-i-a-b-bv°p∂ kµ¿ -ß-fp-ap-≠v. koXm-hn-tbm-K-Øm¬ ZpxJn-X-\mb cma≥ koX-bpsSASp-tØ°v ktµ-i-hp-ambn l\p-ams\ Ab-bv°p-∂p. Za-b-¥n-bn¬ ]W-bm-Xp-c-\mb \f≥, Xs‚ lrZ-bm-`n-em-j-ßsf lwkw aptJ\ Za-b-¥nsb [cn-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv alm- m-c-X-Ønse ZuXy-k-µ¿`w. DØ-c-hn-]-ew- -amWv cmam-b-W-Øn-se-¶n¬]q¿h-hn-]-ew- -amWv alm- m-c-X-Øn¬ Fs∂mcp hyXym-kta Chn-Sp-≈q.



"Ima-hn-em-]-Pm-XI'sa∂ _u≤-Pm-X-I-I-Y-bn¬ B]-Øn¬s∏´ Hcp-h≥ Xs‚]nb-X-abv°v Im° aptJ\ ktµ-i-a-b-bv°p-∂-Xmbn ImWp-∂p. LS-I¿∏-cs‚ "ba-I-Im-hyhpw' ]nev°m-e-k-tµ-i-Im-hy-c-N-\bv°v ]tNm-Z-I-am-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°-Ww. ZpxJn-X-bmb Hcp kvXo Xs‚ timN-\o-b-amb Ah-ÿm-hn-tijw hnZq-c-ÿ-\mb \mb-Is\ Adn-bn-°p-hm≥ Hcp ]`m-X-ta-L-tØmSv A`y¿∞n-°p-∂-XmWv CXnse IYm-h-kvXp. CØcw \nc-h[n kmln-Xy-am-Xr-I-Iƒ kwkvIr-X-Øn¬ ImWm-\m-hp-sa-¶nepw Ch-bvs°m-∂n\pw ktµ-i-Im-hy-sa∂ t]cp \¬Im-\m-hn-√. ktµ-i-Im-hy-Øns‚ ]q¿h-am-Xr-I-I-fmbn Chsb IW-°m°mw F∂p-am-Xw.

Imfn-Zm-k\pw taL-k-tµ-ihpw

In.-]n. 375-˛480 BWv Imfn-Zm-ks‚ Pohn-X-Im-e-sa∂v Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p. ktµiwF∂ Bi-bsØ ap≥\n-dpØn Hcp Imhy-cq]w BZy-am-bn-Øo¿ØXv Imfn-Zm-k-\m-Wv. taL-k-tµiw D≠m-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Cß-s\mcp Imhy-imJ ]nev°m-eØvhf¿∂p ]pjvI-e-am-Iptam F∂ Imcyw-t]mepw kwi-b-am-Wv. kwkvIr-X-Ønepwa‰v C¥y≥ `mj-I-fnepw ]n∂o-Sp-≠mb ktµ-i-Im-hy-ßƒs°√mw amXr-I-bm-bXvImfn-Zm-ks‚ taL-k-tµ-i-am-Wv.

cmam-b-W-Ønse l\p-a-±q-Xn-s\-bmWv Imhy-c-N-\bv°v Imfn-Zm-k≥ am¿K-Zo-]-am-°n-b-sX-∂-Xn\v Imhy-Øn¬ kqN-\-I-ƒ ImWp-∂p-≠v. C°m-cy-Øn¬ ]WvUn--X-∑m¿°v`n∂m- n-]m-b-ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. "ba-I-Imhy'sØbmWv amXr-I-bm-°nbsX∂mWv as‰mcp]_e A`n-]m-bw. F∂m¬ IrXy-amb \nK-a-\-Øn\v C\nbpw km[n-®n- n-√. Xs‚Ime-L- -Øn\p ap≥]p-≠mb ZuXy-k-µ¿ -ß-fp≈ ]e Imhy-ßfpw Imfn-Zm-ks\taL-k-tµ-i-\n¿an-Xn-bn¬ kzm[o-\n-®n-cn°mw F∂v kmam-\y-ambn ]d-bp-hmt\ C∂v\ap°p km[n-°p-I-bp-≈q.

Hcp b£-\mWv taL-k-tµ-i-\m-b-I≥. Ipt_-cs‚ DtZym-K-ÿ-\m-bn-cp∂p Abmƒ.\mb-Is‚ I¿Ø-hy-tem-]-Øn¬ Ip]n-X-\mb Ipt_-c≥ Abmsf i]n-°p-∂p.Aßs\ Hcm-≠p-Im-esØ ]nbm-hn-c-lhpw hntZ-i-hm-khpw Abmƒ°v A\p-`-hn-t°-≠n-h-∂p. mcym-hn-tbm-K-Øm¬ ZpxJn-X-\mb b£≥ Xs‚ t]a-k-tµiw mcysbAdn-bn-°m≥ taLsØ ktµ-i-l-c-\m-°p-∂p. H∏w ]nb-X-a-bpsS Krl-Øn¬ FØn-t®-cm-\p≈ am¿§hpw \n¿t±-in-°p-∂p. Cu am¿K-h¿W-\-bmWv Ihn-X-bpsS ][m-\-`m-Kw. \mbn-I-tbmSv Xs‚ ]W-b-sam-gn-Iƒ sNm√n-bn´v thKw XncnsI hc-W-sa∂pwb£≥ taL-tØmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p.

taL-k-tµ-isØ DØ-a-I-em-kr-jvSn-bmbn Db¿Øp-∂Xv ]Xo-Xymfl-IX-bm-Wv.ZuXy-hm-l-I-cmb taL-ßsf \mw I≠n- n-√. F∂m¬ Aß-s\-sbm-∂ns‚ ]XoXnP\n-∏n-°m≥ Imfn-Zm-k\p km[n-®p. b£-s\bpw b£n-Wn-sbbpw \ap°v ]cn-N-b-an-√. F¶nepw Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-ß-fpsS Xc-fm-\p-`q-Xn-Iƒ \Ωn-ep-f-hm-°m≥ alm-I-hn°p km[n-®p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ taL-k-tµiw A`q-X-]q¿h-amb Hcp ImhyamXr-I-bmbn kwkvIr-X-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ tim`n-°p-∂psh∂v Nº-°pfw A∏p-°p- ≥]n≈hy‡-am-°p-∂p. taL-k-tµ-i-Øn-\p-tijw

taLktµ-i-Øn-\p-tijw \mep iX-I-tØmfw ktµ-i-Im-hy-am¿Kw iq\y-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv ktµiw F∂ k¶ev]w ]I¿Øn-b-h-cn¬ ][m\n `h-`q-Xn-bm-Wv.ame-Xo-am-[-h-Øn¬ taL-sØ-bmWv Ct±lw ktµ-i-l-c-\mbn Ab-bv°p-∂-Xv. ktµ-i-Im-hy-sa∂ t]cn¬ taL-k-tµ-i-Øn-\p-tijw Hcp IrXn-bp-≠m-Ip-∂Xv H≥]Xmw\q‰m-≠n-em-Wv. Pn\ tk\≥ F∂ Ihn-bpsS ]m¿izm- yp-Z-b-amWv Imhyw. ktµ-i-Im-hy-Øn¬s∏-SpØnbncn-°p-∂p-sh-¶nepw CXn¬ hnc-l-an√ ˛ ktµ-i-an√ ˛ ktµ-i-l-c-\p-an-√. F∂m¬ taL-k-tµ-isØ A\p-I-cn®v am¿§-h¿W-\-Iƒ \S-Øn-bn- p-≠v. ]Ømw-i-X-I-Øn-ep-≠mb hnI-a-I-hn-bpsS t\an-Zq-X-amWv as‰mcp ktµ-i-Im-hyw. CXn-s\bpw e£-W-samØ ktµ-i-Im-hy-ambn Icp-Xm-\m-hn-√.



taLktµ-i-Øn-\p-tijw hntbm-K-Zpx-J-Øn\p ]m[m\yw sImSpØv Fgp-X-s∏- n-´p≈ G‰hpw ]mNo-\-Imhyw t[mbn-bpsS ]h-\-Zq-X-am-Wv. CXn¬ \mbn-I-bmWvktµ-i-a-b-bv°p-∂-Xv. ]h-\-Zq-Xn-\p-tijw c≠p \q‰m-t≠mfw CØcw Imhy-am-Xr-I-I-sfm∂pw kwkvIr-X-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-√. F∂m¬ ]Xn-∂memw \q‰m≠papX¬ Cu kmlnXy imJ ho≠pw kPo-h-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p-≠v.ktµ-i-Imhyw ˛ ]ÿm\w F∂ \ne-bn-te°v

ktµ-i-Im-hy-imJ Hcp ]ÿm-\-ambn hf-cp-∂Xv In.-]n. ]Xn-∂memw iXIwapX-em-Wv. CXn\v Bcw`w Ipdn-®Xv ]q¿W kc-kz-Xn-bpsS "lwk-k-tµiw' BWv.CtX ImeØp Xs∂ as‰mcp "lwk-k-tµiw' IqSn ImWp-∂p. sshjvW-hm-Nm-cy-\mb thZm-¥-tZ-in-I-cmWv Ihn. Ch-sc√mw amXr-I-bm-°n-bXv taLk-tµ-i-Im-c-\mbImfn-Zm-k-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p.ipI-k-tµiw : ipI-k-tµ-i-Imew In.-]n. ]Xn-\memw iX-I-am-sW-∂mWv ]WvUn-X-a-Xw. e£vao-Zm-k-\mWv CXns‚ I¿Øm-hv. ktµ-i-Im-cWw \mbn-Im-\m-b-I-∑m¿°vkz]v\-Øn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ hnc-l-am-Wv. ipIw aptJ\ hnc-lm¿Ø-\mb \mb-I≥ \mbn-Ibv°v ktµ-i-a-b-bv°p-∂p. ]uVnbpw Kmw`o-cyhpw \nd™ Hcp ktµ-i-Im-hy-am-Wn-Xv.tImIn-e-k-tµiw: ]Xn-∂memw \q‰m-≠nse as‰mcp ][m-\-Ir-Xn-bmWv tImInektµ-iw. D±-WvU-im-kvXn-I-fmWv cN-bn-Xm-hv. `mcym-Kr-l-Øn¬ Dd-ßn-°n-S∂ \mb-Is\ K‘¿∆-∑m¿ FSp-Øp-sIm≠p t]mIp-∂p. Im©n-bn¬ Ah¿ Abmsf Dt]-£n-°p-∂p. `mcym-hn-tbm-K-hyY h¿≤n-®-t∏mƒ Hcp tImIn-esØ ktµ-i-hp-ambn\mbn-I-bpsS ASp-tØ-°-b-bv°p-∂p. Bi-b-ß-fpsS kpK-a-X, ]Z-km-c-fyw, cN-\m-ku-jvThw XpS-ßnb KpW-ßƒsIm≠v tImIn-e-k-tµiw ipI-k-tµ-isØ AXn-i-bn-°p-∂p.

]øq¿ hmkp-tZh ` -Xn-cn-bpsS NtIm-c-k-tµ-iw, DZ-b-I-hn-bpsS abq-c-Zq-Xw, ` -hm-a-\s‚ lwk-k-tµ-iw, hmZn-N-µ-kq-cn-bpsS ]h-\-Zq-Xw, hmkp-tZ-h-I-hn-bpsS `rwK-k-tµ-iw, sImSp-ß-√q¿ sIm®p-Æn-Ø-ºp-cms‚ hn]-k-tµ-iw, amXr-Z-Øs‚ Ima-k-tµ-iw, io[-c≥\-ºn-bpsS \oe-I-WvT-k-tµ-iw, sI.-_n.-Ir-jvW-aq¿Øn-bpsS 1954- ¬ ]km-[\w sNbvX ip\-I-k-tµiw F∂nh ]n∂o-Sp-≠mb kwkvIrX ktµ-i-Im-hy-ß-fn¬ Nne-h-bm-Wv. B[p-\nI kwkvIrX ktµ-i-Im-hy-sa∂p ]d-bm-hp∂ "acp-±qXw'cma-›-µ-im-en-lmk F∂ kwkvIr-X-I-hn-bpsS kw`m-h-\bmWv. C¥y≥ kzmX-¥y-k-a-c-Ime kw -h-ß-fmWv CXn¬ IS-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv. Cu ktµ-i-Im-hy-Øn-\p-tijwkwkvIr-X-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ ktµ-i-Im-hy-ß-fp-≠m-b-Xmbn ImWp-∂n-√. taL-k-tµ-i-Øn-\p-tijw CXx-]-cy¥w AXns‚ cq]-Nm-cp-Xbpw `mh-km-µ-Xbpw HØn-W-ßnbHcp ktµ-i-Imhyw kwkvIr-X-Øntem a‰v C¥y≥ `mj-I-fntem D≠m-bn-√msb-∂Xpw it≤-b-am-Wv.ae-bmf ktµ-i-Im-hy-ßƒ

ae-bmf ktµ-i-Im-hy-ß-fpsS DXv]-Øn°v kwkvIr-X-km-ln-Xy-tØmSv \mw IS-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS ktµ-i-Imhy ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ Ncn-XsØ aWn-]-hm-f-L- -Im-hy-ß-sf∂pw B[p-\nIL´ Imhy-ß-sf∂pw c≠mbn hn`-Pn-°m≥ km[n-°pw.ktµ-i-Im-hy-ß-fpsS FÆ-Øm¬ ae-bmfw at‰-sXmcp `mc-Xob `mj-sb At]-£n®pw kº-∂-am-Wv. ap∏-Xn¬∏cw ktµ-i-Im-hy-ßƒ ae-bm-f-Øn¬ Fgp-X-s∏- n- p-≠v. F∂m¬ Ch-bn¬ hfsc Ipd-®p-am-Xta klrZ-b-i≤ ]nSn-®p-]-‰n-bn- p-≈-p. -F-Æ-Øn-ep≈ h¿≤-\hv KpW-Øn¬ ImWn-°p-∂n-√. hnc-l-hyY ]Xnsb Imhy-Øn¬\n∂pw A]-Xy-£-am-bn. \mb-I\pw \mbn-Ibpw ]k-‡-a-√m-Xm-bn. ]pcp-j≥]pcp-j\pw kvXo kvXo°pw Ab-bv°p∂ IØp-I-fm-bn-t∏mepw ae-bm-f-k-tµ-i-Im-hy-ßƒ Ime-I-taW cq]w-am-dn.



(I)aWn-]-hm-f-k-tµ-i-Im-hy-ßƒ]mNo\ aWn-]-hm-f-Øn¬ cNn-°-s∏´ c≠p ktµ-i-Im-hy-ß-fmWv \ap°v e`n-®n-

´p-≈-Xv. DÆ-p\oenktµ-ihpw tImI-k-tµ-i-hpw. CXn¬ DÆp-\oen ktµ-ita ]q¿W-cq-]-Øn¬ e`n-®n- p-≈q. tImI-k-tµ-i-Øns‚ ]q¿h- m-K-Ønse 96 t«mI-ßfpw 97-˛mw t«mI-Øns‚ GXm\pw A£-c-ßfpw amX-amWv e`yambn´p-≈-Xv. CXn\p ]pdsa]WvUn-X-∑m¿ "ImIktµiw' Fs∂mcp IrXn-sb-∏-‰nbpw ]d-™p-Im-Wp-∂p. CsXmcpD]-lm-k-I-h-\-am-Im-\mWv km[y-X.

DÆp\oenktµiw: ]q¿W-cq-]-Øn¬ e`n-®n- p≈ Htc-sbmcp ]mNo\ aWn-]-hmfktµ-i-Im-hy-am-Wn-Xv. kmln-Xym-kzm-Z-I-cp-sSbpw `mjm-]-WvUn-X-cp-sSbpw Ncn-X-K-th-j-I-cp-sSbpw i≤ Cu IrXn ]nSn-®p-]-‰n-bn-´p-≠v. cN-\m-ku-jvT-h-Ønepw `mh-am-[p-cy-Ønepw DÆp-\oenktµ-i-Øn\p Xpey-amb IrXn-Iƒ A]q¿∆-amtb ssIc-fn°ve`n-®n- p-≈q. tIc-f-Øns‚ q]-Ir-Xnbpw kuµ-cy-hn-em-khpw A\p- -h-c-kn-I-X-tbmSpwsshNn-Xy- w-Kn-tbm-Spw-IqSn as‰mcp ]mNo-\-Im-hy-Ønepw h¿Wn-®n- n-√. ]Xn-\memw\q‰m-≠ns‚ aq∂mw-]m-Z-amWv Cu IrXn-bpsS cN-\m-Im-e-sa∂v Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p.

hS-°pw-Iq¿ cmPy-Ønse apJy-]p-cn-bmb ISp-Øp-cp-Øn-bn-emWv IY-bpsS Bcw-`w. DÆp-\o-en-bp-sam-Øp-d-ßp∂ \mb-Is\ Hcp b£n FSp-Øp-sIm-≠p-t]m-Ip-∂p.]fl-\m` kzman-t£-X-\-S-bn¬ \mb-Is\ Dt]-£n-°p-∂p. ÿe-Im-e-t_m[w Inńb\mb-I≥ Xr∏m-∏q¿ aq∏mb BZn-Xy-h¿a-bp-h-cm-Pm-hns\ ]oWn-∏n®v Xs‚ Ah-ÿ-sb-∏‰n DÆp-\o-en-tbmSv ]d-bm≥ ISp-Øp-cp-Øn-bn-te-°-b-bv°m≥ Hcp-sº-Sp-∂p.XpS¿∂v ktµ-i-Im-hy-km-[m-c-W-amb am¿§-h¿W\ \mbn-Im-Kr-l-h¿W\ \mbnIm-h¿W\ ˛ ktµ-i-hmIyw ˛ Biwk F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ LS-I-ßƒ tN¿∂v e£-W-bp-‡-amb Hcp ktµ-i-Imhyw cq]w-sIm-≈p-∂p.

F∂n-cn-°nepw CXn-hr-Ø-L-S-\-bnse bp‡n-bn-√m-bva, h¿Æ-\-bn¬ apJy-c-k-Øn-t\m-sSm-Øp-≠m-tI≠ GIm-K-X-bn¬ h∂ ssiYneyw AXym-h-iy-an -√mØAßmSnh¿Æ-\-Iƒ F∂n-ßs\ ]e t]mcm-bva-Ifpw DÆp-\oenktµ-i-Øn-\p-≠v.

tImI-k-tµiw: DÆp-\oen ktµ-i-Øn-\p-ti-j-amWv tImI-k-tµiw cNn-°-s∏- n- p-≈-Xv. Cu IrXn-bn¬ hnc-lhpw ktµ-i-hp-sams° kz]v\ØnemWp kw -hn-°p-∂-Xv. Xncp-\m-hm-bv°-Sp-Øp≈ Xr]-tßm- p-\n∂v sIm√-tØ°v Hcp NI-hm-I-Øns\ktµ-i-hp-ambn Ab-bv°p-∂-XmWv ]Xn-]m-Zyw. tImI-k-tµ-i-Øns‚ I¿Øm-hn-s\-∏‰n IrXy-amb hnh-c-ßƒ H∂pw e`y-a-√. CXns‚ I¿Ømhv Xr]-tßm- p-tZ-hs‚D]m-k-I-\m-sW∂p amXw A\p-am-\n-°mw.

(J)B[p-\n-I-L´wtImIktµ-i-Øn-\p-tijw \ΩpsS ktµ-i-Im-hy-imJ GXm≠v \n›-e-am-bn-cp-

∂p. aWn-]-hm-f-Øn¬\n∂pw ae-bm-f-Øn-te-°p≈ ]cn-h¿Ø\w Imhy-ta-J-e-bn¬ssIh-∂-Xn\p tij-am-bn-cp∂p ]n∂oSv Hcp ktµ-i-Imhyw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. CXv]sØm≥]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ A¥y-]m-Z-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. A∏m-S≥ho-ń¬ cma-s\-gp-Ø-—≥ F∂ Ihn-bmWv "`rwK-k-tµiw' F∂ IrXn-bn-eqsS ktµ-i-Im-hy-]-hm-l-Øn\p ho≠pw hgn-sbm-cp-°n-b-Xv.

]pXnb ktµ-i-Im-hy-]-hm-l-Øn\p cma-s\-gp-Ø-—≥ Xpd-∂p-sIm-SpØ sNdnbNmev, ktµ-i-Im-hy-∏-c-∏ns‚ IpØn-sbm-gp-°m-°n-bXv tIc-f-h¿Ω hen-b-tIm-bn-Ø-ºp-cms‚ "abqc-k-tµ-i-amWv'. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse Bbneyw Xncp-\mƒ alm-cm-Pm-hp-am-bp-≠mb A`n-]m-b-hy-Xym-k-Øns‚ ê-ambn tIc-f-h¿Ω GXm\pw h¿jw lcn-∏m- p-sIm- m-c-Øn¬ _‘-\-Øn¬ InS-∂p. Cu A\p- -h-amWv Imhy-Øn\p t]cW."abq-c-k-tµiw' Fgp-Xn-bXv tIc-f-h¿Ω-bpsS _‘-\hpw hntam-N-\hpw Ign™v]Xn-∂mep h¿j-Øn\p tij-am-Wv.



cmP-tIm-]-Øn\p hnt[-b-\mbn Ign-b-th, ASp-Øp≈ kp_-“-Wy-t£-X-Øn¬sXmgm≥t]m-b-t∏mƒ I≠p-ap-´nb Hcp abn-ens‚ ssIh-iw, Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øp≈]Xv\n°v ktµ-i-a-b-bv°p∂XmWv abq-c-k-tµ-i-Øns‚ CXn-hr-Øw. lcn-∏m- p-\n∂pXncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØp ]Xv\o-Kr-l-amb cmP-sIm- m-c-Øn-se-Øp-∂-Xp-h-sc-bp≈ am¿§hpwAXn-\n-S-bn¬ ImWm-hp∂ ]Ir-Xn-tim- bpw t£X-ßfpw Ihn bYm-XYw h¿Æn-®n-´p-≠v. ktµ-i-Im-hy-km-[m-c-W-amb am¿§-h¿Æ\ apX¬ \mbn-Im-Kr-l-h¿Æ-\,\mbn-Im-h¿Æ\, ktµ-i-Im-hyw, ZqXm-iwk ˛ Hs° Cu IrXn-bn¬ tbmPn-∏n-®n- p-≠v. kmt¶-XnI ]q¿W-X-bp≈ Hcp ktµ-i-Im-hy-sa∂v abq-c-k-tµ-isØ hnti-jn-∏n-°mw.(hn-i-Z-]-T\w samUypƒ ˛ 5 ¬ tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂p)

abq-c-k-tµ-i-Øns‚ ]Nm-chpw AXns‚ I¿Øm-hn\v e`n® ]i-kvXnbpw AwKo-Im-chpw I≠n´v, tIc-f-Øn¬ ktµ-i-Im-hy-ß-fpsS Hcp IpsØm-gp-°p-X-s∂-bp-≠m-bn. Cu A\m-imkyKXnsb \nb-¥n-°m≥ ioshm≈n \ºq-Xncn 1897- ¬ ZmXyp-l-k-tµiw Fs∂mcp IrXn cNn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ktµ-i-l-cs\ sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xp-ap-X¬ Imhym-h-km\w hsc \¿Ω-ckw Xpfp-ºn-\n-ev°p∂ ZmXyp-l-k-tµiw Zp -l-am-b-Øo¿∂ ae-bm-f-k-tµ-i-Im-hy-ß-fpsS D—rw-J-e-amb ImSp-I-b-‰-Øn-\p-sIm-SpØin£-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Nº-°pfw A∏p-°p- ≥]n≈ A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ A¥y-Ønepw Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Bcw-`-Øn-ep-ambn \nc-h[n ktµ-i-Im-hy-ßƒ mj-bn-ep-≠m-bn. sImSp-ß-√q¿ Ip™n-°p- ≥ Xºp-cms‚ "lwk-k-tµiw', aqeq-cns‚ "tImIne ktµiw', "ipI-k-tµiw' Iq´pI-hnXbmb"]n-Ik-tµiw', ]n.-Pn. cma-ø-cpsS "hn]-k-tµiw', cma-h¿Ω hen-b-cm-P-bpsS "`a-c-k-tµiw', sIm´m-c-Øn¬ i¶p-Æn-bpsS "It]m-X-k-tµiw', sI.-A-ø-∏s‚ "dmWn-k-tµiw', sI. cmL-hs‚ "Cµn-µn-c-k-tµiw' F∂n-h Ah-bn¬ Nne-Xm-Wv.

thdn´ kz`m-h-ßƒtaL-k-tµ-i-Ønse apJy-ckw hnc-l-hn-]-ew- -am-Wv. A\p-I¿Øm-°fpw B ck-

Øn-\mWv ktµ-i-Im-hy-ß-fn¬ ]mapJyw sImSp-Øn- p-≈-Xv. AXn¬ \n∂p amdn-bn-´p-≈-h¿ hfsc Ipd-®p-t]¿ amX-am-Wv. sIm´m-c-Øn¬ i¶p-Æn-bpsS "It]m-X-k-tµiw', aqeq-cns‚ "tImIn-e-k-tµiw', sI. cmL-hs‚ "Cµn-µn-c-k-tµiw' F∂n-h-bn¬ hm’-eyhpw ioshm-≈n-bpsS ZmXyq-l-k-tµ-i-Øn¬ _o`-’hpw aqeq-cns‚Xs∂ ipI-k-tµ-i-Øn¬ Icp-W-hp-amWv ckw. CXp-t]mse kvXo ]p-cp-j\v ktµ-i-a-b-bv°p∂ IrXn-Ifpw hf-sc-°p-d-t®-bp-≈q. ]n.-Pn. cma-ø-cpsS "hn]-k-tµiw',HSp-hn-ens‚ "ISm-£-k-tµiw', sI. cmL-hs‚ "Cµn-µnc ktµiw' F∂n-h-bmWvAh. aµm-Im¥ hrØ-Øn¬\n∂p amdn-bn-´p≈ Nne ktµ-i-Im-hy-ßfpw ImWp-∂p. cma-s\-gp-Ø-—s‚ rwK-k-tµiw (k-Kv[-c), aqeq-cns‚ tImIn-e-k-tµiw (im¿±qehnIo-Un-Xw), s] -c-gn-b-Øns‚ Hcp ktµiw (F´p kwkvIrX hrØ-ßƒ) F∂n-h-bmWv a‰p kwkvIrX hrØ-ß-fn-ep-≈-h. aqeq-cns‚ ip`-k-tµiw (Ip-d-Øn-∏m-´v),sI. Aø-∏s‚ dmWn ktµiw (aRvPcn) F∂nh `mjm hrØ-ß-fn-em-Wv.ktµ-i-Imhy ]ÿm\w khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

Hmtcm Iem-cq-]-Øn\pw AXn-t‚-Xmb hy‡n-Xz-ap-≠v. ktµ-i-Im-hy-ßƒ°pXΩn¬ CXn-hr-Ø-Øn¬ sshhn[yw Ipd-hm-sW-¶nepw cq]-]-c-ambn ktµ-i-Im-hy-ßƒ°p hyXn-cn-‡-amb LS-\-bp-≠v.

ktµ-i-Imhyw Hcp GImw-Km-`n-\bamWv. AXn¬ apJy-ambpw aq∂p IYm-]m-X-ßtf D≈q. hnc-ln-bmb Imap-I≥, Abm-fn¬ \n∂p hnclw `hn® Imap-In, ktµ-i-hm-l-I≥. CXn¬ ImapIn IrXn-bpsS I¿Ω-cw-K-Øn-√. Ah-sf-∏‰n Imap-I≥ ]d-bp-∂Xp amXta D≈q. ktµ-ilc≥ tI´p-\n-ev°p-∂-X-√msX]h¿Øn-°p-∂n-√ ˛ Aßs\ ktµ-i-Imhyw Hcp GImw-Km-`n-\-b-am-Ip-∂p ˛\mb-Is‚ amXw DXvI-WvT-Iƒ.



ktµ-i-Imhyw Hcp GImw-K-`m-jWw IqSn-bm-Wv. Imhy-Øns‚ BZn-bn¬ hnj-bm-h-X-c-W-Øn-\mbn Ihn-tN¿°p∂ c≠p-aq∂p ]kvXm-h-\mt«mIß-sfm-gn-hm-°n -bm¬, _m°n-sbms° Imap -Is‚ `mj-W-am -Wv. hnc -l-tØ-∏-‰n -bp≈]kvXmhw apX¬ ktµ-i-l-c-\p≈ Biw-k-hsc F√mw AbmƒXs∂ ]d-bp-∂p. ktµ-i-Im-hy-Ønse apJy-]-ta-b-Øn\v, AXm-bXv Imap-Is‚ hnc-l-Øn\pwAXns‚ ^e-amb ZpxJ-Øn\pw Imhymhkm-\-Ønepw ]cn-lm-c-ap-≠m-Ip-∂n-√.Ko°p \mS-I-ß-sf-∏-‰n- ]-d-bp∂ "sFIy-Xbw-' G‰hpw k^-e-ambn Zo£n-°p∂kmlnXy cq]-amWv ktµ-i-Im-hyw : I¿Ω-cw-KØv Hscm‰ IYm-]mXw ˛ \mb-I≥, Imhy I¿Ω-Øn¬ Hscm‰ Imcyw amXw ˛ Imap-Is‚ hnc-lm-Xp-c-X, Imhy-Øn¬ Hscm‰ cwKw amXw ˛ hnc-ln-sb-Øn-s∏-Sp∂ ÿew. cq]-]-c-ambn CX-b-[nIw "GIm-KX'bp≈ as‰mcp kmln-Xy-cq]w Dt≠m-sb-∂p-Xs∂ kwi-b-am-Wv. AYhm kmt¶-Xn-I-amb hyXn-c-‡X ktµi Imhy-Øn\p th≠p-thm-f-ap-≠v. CXn-hr-Ø-]-c-ambn sshkm-Zr-iy-an-√msXt]mbXv Hcp]-t£, B ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ AXy-[n-I-amb GIm-K-X-sIm-≠p-≠mb ]cn-an-Xn-bm-Imw. cq]-]-c-I-ambGIm-K-X-bpsS \nd-hn¬ `mh-]-c-ambpw Ah GIm-K-am-bn-t∏msb∂p Icp-tX-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂psh∂v ]^. tKm]n-°p-´≥ hy‡-am-°p-∂p.

e£vao-Zm-ks‚ ipIktµ-i-Im-hy-Øn\p hc-h¿Æn-\n-sb∂ hymJym\w cNn®[¿Ω-Kp-]vX≥, ktµ-i-Im-hy-Øn¬ Ihn ]¥≠p hnj-b-ß-fn¬ a\- n-cp-tØ-≠-Xm-sW∂p ]d-bp∂Xmbn D≈q¿ tIc-f-km-lnXy Ncn-X-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-°m-Wp-∂p. [¿Ω-Kp-]vX≥ ]d-bp∂ ]¥≠p hnj-b-ßƒ Ch-bm-Wv.

1. BZn-hmIyw ˛ hnc-lm-h-ÿ-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ ]kvXm-h-\.2. ZuXy-tbm-P\w ˛ ktµ-i-hm-l-Is\ Is≠Øn kΩ-Xn-∏n-°p-∂p.3. ]Py-MvK-h¿W\w ˛ hgn-bp-sS Hmtcm `mKhpw h¿Wn-°p-I.4. ]m]y-tZ-i-h¿W\w ˛ FØn-t®-tc≠ ÿe-Øns‚ h¿W\w5. aµn-cm- n-⁄m\w ˛ \mbn-Im-Kr-l-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ hnh-c-ßƒ6. ]nbm-k-∂n-thi hna¿i\w ˛ \mbn-I-bpsS C∂sØ Ah-ÿ-sb ∏-‰n-bp≈

k¶-ev]-ßƒ, Ah-fpsS kuµ-cyw.7. A\y-cq-]Xm]-Øn-kw- m-h\ ˛ \mbn-Ibv°p h∂p-tN-¿∂ ZpxJw.8. Ahÿm hnI-ev]-ßƒ ˛ ZqX≥ \mbn-Isb ImWp-tºmƒ Ahƒ F¥p-sN-øp-

I-bmhpw F∂v k¶-ev]n®p ]d-b¬.9. hN-\m-cw`w ˛ \mbn-I-sb-I≠v ktµiw ]d-bm≥ DNn-X-amb kµ¿`w GsX-∂-

dn-bn-°p-∂Xv.10. ktµ-i-h-N\w ˛ \mbI ktµiw11. A`n-⁄m\-Zm\w \mbn-Im-\m-b-I-∑m¿°p amXw Adn-bm-hp∂ AS-bm-f-hmIyw

\¬I¬.12. ]tab ]cn-\n-jvTm-h\w ˛ ktµ-i-hm-l-I\p awKfw Biw-kn®p-sIm-≠p≈

Imhym-h-km\w.F∂m¬ Ch-bn¬ ]e LS-I-ß-fp-sSbpw A`m-hhpw G‰-°p-d-®n-ep-I-fp-sams°

\ΩpsS ktµ-i-Im-hy-ß-fpsS kq£va-hn-Nn-¥-\-Øn¬ ImWm≥ km[n-°pw.ktµ-i-Im-hy-ßƒ C∂p \ΩpsS kmln-Xy-a-WvU-e-Øn¬\n∂pw GXm≠p

]q¿Æ-ambpw A]-Xy-£-am-bn-°-gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p. \msf-I-fn¬ ho≠pw Du¿÷z-kz-e-X-tbmsS ]cn-tim-[n-°p∂ Hcp Imhy-ambn CXp hf¿∂p-h-cm-\p≈ km[y-X-IfpwIpd-hm-Wv. taL-k-tµ-i-Øns‚ cq]w A\p-I-cn-®mWv CØcw Imhy-ß-fp-≠m-b-sX-¶nepw Ah-bvs°m-∂n\pw Imfn-Zmk ]Xn-`-tbmSv ASp-sØ-Øm≥t]mepw Ign-™n-√. Imem-¥-c-Øn¬ ktµ-i-Imhy ]kvXm-h-Øn\p \jvS-amb A¥¿`mhKuc-hw, hy‡n-K-X-amb Imhym-\p-`h-ßƒ F∂nh a‰p Imhy-cq-]-ß-fn-eqsS ae-bm-f-Øn¬ Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏´p XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. hy‡n-K-X-amb A\p-h-ß-fpsS Ihn-X-bmb sdmam‚nIv IhnX Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠n¬ ChnsS ]Nmcw t\Sn-b-tXmsSktµ-i-Im-hy-ßƒ°p ]k‡n \jvSam-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.



C∂sØ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ Cu ImhyamXr-I-bpsS Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-ev]n-s\-∏‰n Nn¥n-°p-∂Xv henb A_-≤-am-bn-cn-°pw. Ime-Øn\p tbmPn-°mØ HcpkmlnXy amXr-Ibm-bn, Ah-K-W-\-tb-‰p-hm-ßp-hm≥ Cu ]kvYm-\sØ hn´p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂Xn\p Xpey-amhpw AXv. ktµ-i-Imhy ]ÿm\w AXp kPo-h-am-bn-cp∂ Hcp-Im-eØp ^e-]-Z-ambn A\p-hm-N-I-tcmSv kwh-Zn-°p-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn.DÆp-\oenktµ-ihpw abqcktµ-ihpw Xo¿®-bmbpw ae-bm-f-Im-hy-im-Jbv°vktµ-i-Imhy]ÿm-\-ØneqsS h∂p-tN¿∂ ]pWy-am-Wv.

DÆp\oenktµiwBcy -∑m -c psS kwL-S n -X - amb A[n -\ n - th -i -Øn -\p - tijw ChnsS

]hr≤ambnØo¿∂ aWn-]-hm-f-kw-kvImc-Øn¬ ]nd-∂p-hoW ]Iz^-e-amWvDÆp-\o-e-nk-tµ-iw. sshjvW-h-a-X-Øns‚ _lp-ap-J-amb hf¿® Ipe-ti-Jc`c-W-Im-eØns‚ Hcp ]tXy-I-X-bm-bn-cp-∂p. tIc-f-Øn¬ t£X-\n¿ΩmWwHcp Ie-bmbn cq]w sIm≠Xv Cu Ime-L-´-Øn-em-Wv. tZhZm-ko-k-º-Zm-b-Øn\v Bcw`w Ipdn-®Xpw CtX-Xp-S¿∂m-bncp∂p.

ae-bm-f-Øns‚ kz¥-sa∂v hnti-j-∏n-°m-hp∂ ]m´p-Iƒ Zan-k-kw-Lm-Xm-£-c-\n-_-≤-am-sW-¶n¬, kwkvIrXhp-am-bp-ff _m‘hw sIm≠v ae-bm-f-Øn\pssIh∂ t\´-amWv aWn-]-hm-f-Ir-Xn-Iƒ. Fgp-Ø—\p apºp-ff Ime-L-´sØaWn-]-hm-f-Im-e-L-´-am-bn-Xs∂ hnti-jn-∏n-°mw. B´-]-Imcw,eoem-Xn-eIw, DÆn-bmSn Ncn-Xw, DÆn-b-®o-N-cn-Xw, DÆn-®n-cp-tXhn Ncn-Xw. cmam-bWw Nºp, sshin-I-X-¥w, IutWm-Ø-c, Ntµm-’-hw, DÆp-\oen ktµiw F∂o IrXn-I-sf-√mw, aWn-]-hm-f-Im-e-L-´-Øns‚ kw`m-h-\-I-fm-Wv. C]-Imcw cq]w sIm≠aWn-]-hm-f-Ime kmln-Xy-Øn\pw kwkvIm-c-Øn\pw k¿∆Ym ]Xn-\n-[o-`-hn-°p∂ cq]-`m-h-kp-µ-c-amb Hcp Imhy-amWv DÆp-\o-en-k-tµ-iw. sshin-I-X¥wapX¬ Ntµm-’-hw-hsc \o≠p-In-S-°p∂ aWn-]-hm-f-am¿§-Ønse G‰hpw ]Im-i-h-Ømb Zo]kvXw-`-hp-am-W-Xv.

" ssIc-fo-tZ-hn-bpsS A\¿L-ß-fmb IWvTm-`-c-W-ß-fpsS a≤y-Øn¬ DÆp-\o-en-k-tµ-i-Øn\v AXy¥ al-\o-b-am-sbmcp ÿm\-am-Wp-f-f-Xv. tIc-f-ØnsekwkvIrX ktµ-i-ßfn¬ "ipI' Øn\p-ff ÿm\-tatXm AXp-X-s∂-bmWvaWn-]-hmf ktµ-i-Øn¬ " DÆp-\o-en-°p-≈Xv F∂v D≈q¿ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

GsX-¶nepw A\n-hmcy kml-N-cy-Øns‚ kΩ¿±w-aqew \mbnI-bn¬ \n∂vAI∂p Ign -tb-≠n-h-cp∂ \mb-I≥, hnc-l-Xm-]-Øn-s\m-cp -]-im-¥n -sb∂\nebv°v hnZq-c-h¿Øn-bmb Xs‚ ]nb-X-abv°v Hcp ktµiw sImSp-Ø-b-bv°p-∂p. AXmWv s]mXpsh ]d-™m¬, ktµ-i-Im-hy-ß-fpsS ]tabw. \mb-I≥,\mbnI ktµ-i-l-c≥, ktµihmIyw F∂o \mep LS-I-ßƒ CXn¬ ][m\]¶p-h-ln-°p-∂p. Ihn Bcm-sW∂v Adn-b-W-sa-∂n-√. ]t£, Imhy-Øns‚ ]Xn-]m-Z\ ssienbpw cN-\m-k-t¶-X-ßfpw a‰pw IhnlrZbw Kln-°p-hm≥ Hs´ms°klm-b-I-am-Im-dp -≠v. taL-Zq -Xw. ipI-k-tµ-iw, abq-c -k-tµ-iw XpS-ßnbktµiImhy-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw Ihn-I-sf-∏‰n hy‡-ambn Adn-bm≥ Ign-bp-∂p≠v.Imfn-Zm-k\pw e£v-ao-Zm-k\pw sXm´v tIc-f-h¿Ω hen-b-tIm-bn-Øºp-cm≥ hsc-bp-ff an° -I-hn-Ifpw kphn-Zn-X-cm-Wv. F∂m¬ aWn]hmf ktµ-i-Im-hy-ambDÆp-\o-en-k-tµiØns‚ Ihn Bcm-sW-∂-Xn-t\-°p-dn®v C\nbpw hy‡-ambsXfnhv e`n-®n-´n-√. kmln-Xobhpw kmaq-ln-Ihpw Ncn-X-]-c-hpambn DÆp-\o-en-k-tµiw ]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂p.cN\m Imew

Cu ktµ-i-Im-hy-Øns‚ cN-\m-Im-e-sØ-∏‰n ]fin-X-am¿°v hn`n-∂-a-X-ß-fm-Wp-f-fXv IrXn-bnse tPymXn-j-]-cm-a¿i-ßƒ, Ien-Zn\ kqN-\-Iƒ, ipI ktµ-i-Ønse D≤r-X-]-Zy-ßƒ, Ncn-X-hkvXpXIƒ F∂nh B`y-¥c sXfn-hp-I-fm-Wv.

"Bÿm-temtI hn]p-e-a-\km' " Ipe-]pcow Iq]-Im[oizcmWmw' " ]p\¿±¿i-\m-\-µ-e-£vao' XpS-ßnb ipI-k-tµ-i-]-tbm-K-ßƒ Ime-K-W-\bv°p klm-b-am-bn-∏-cn-K-Wn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ipI-k-tµ-i-Øns‚ Imew sIm:h: 500˛\pw 524-˛\pw at≤y-bm-sW∂p hy‡-am-Ip-∂p-≠v. AXn-\m¬ ipI ktµ-i-Øns‚ \n¿an-Xn°p tij-amWv Imhy-Øns‚ Ime-sa∂v Duln-°mw.



" A©mw ]°w hcan-Xp-Xp-temw, hmc-hpw........ ' (t«m 35) F∂m-cw- n-°p∂ ]ZyhpwDØ-c- m-K-Ønse 70- mw t«mIhpw tPymXnj kqN\ \¬Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ Cu]Zy-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-am°n alm-Ihn Df-fq¿, Cfw-Ipfw Ip™≥]nf-f, B‰q¿IrjvW-∏-Sn-jm-c-Sn, kmlnXy ]©m-\-\≥ F∂n-h¿ GIm- n-]m-b-°m-c√! ]Xn-aq∂mwiX-I-Øns‚ DØ-cm¿≤w apX¬ ktµ-i-Imhy ]ÿm\w mj-bn-em-hn¿ -hn-®p-sh∂van° Ncn-X-K-th-j-Icpw A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. "DÆn-®n-cp-tXho \nt∑-semcp ktµ-i-∏m-s´m-≠Xp tIƒs°‚n∞w' F∂n-ßs\ 13- mw iX-I-Øn-ep-≠mbn F∂p Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂ " DÆp-®n-cp-tXho' bnse Hcp ]cm-a¿iw CXn-\p-t]m-Zv_-e-I-ambn Cfw-IpfwNq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p-ap-≠v. e£-vao-Zm-ks‚ ipI-k-tµiw 14-˛mw iX-I-Øn-s‚ DØ-cm¿≤-Øn-emWv hncNn-X-am-b-Xv. ]n∂o-SmWv DÆp-\o-enbpw tImI-k-tµ-i-hpw.

IrXn-bn¬ \n∂p e`y-am-Ip∂ Ncn-X-h-kvXp-X-Iƒ Ime-K-W-\bv°v Ah-ew-_n-°m-hp∂ as‰mcp sXfn-hm-Wv. ktµ-i-l-c-\mb k¿∆mw-K-\m-Y≥ BZnXy-h¿Ω, thWm- p-cm-Pmhpw ktµ-i-l-cs‚ tPyjvT\p-amb Cc-hn-h¿Ω, HmS-\m- p-cm-P-hmb Cc-hn-h¿Ω,sNdp-I-c, Ipdp-ßm- v, apØq‰v apX-emb tZhZm-ko-K-l-ß-fpsS ]mc-º-cy-k-hn-tj-X-Iƒ, Xpep-°≥]S amº-f-fn-∏≠m-cØn¬, Nnd-hm-a-∂-\mb cmP-ti-J-c≥, Cf-a-Æn-°-c-t®-cn, sX°pw-Iq¿ cm-Pm-hmb cmP-h¿Ω F∂o ]cm-a¿i-ß-fpsS Ncn-X-]-c-amb ][m\ywIW-°n-se-Sp-t°-≠-Xp≠v. Cu Ncn-X-]p-cp-j-∑m-scbpw CX-c-N-cn-X-h-kvXp-XI-sfbpwKth-j-W-_p-≤ym- ]-cn-tim-[n-°p-∂Xv IrXn-bpsS Ime-\n¿Æ-b-Øn\v Gsd klm-b-I-am-Wv.

]kvXm-h-\m-t«m-I-Øn¬ ImWp∂ AwK-cmKw' ]q¿∆-k-tµ-im-cw-`-]-Zy-Ønse"X≠m¿amXp' F∂o ]tbm-K-ßƒ Ien-Zn\ kqN-\-bm-sW∂pw AX-\p-k-cn®v cN-\m-Imew sIm: h: 516 ˛ \v ASp-∏n®msW∂pw Nne¿ A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

DØc ktµiw 70- mw t«mI-Øn¬ "Biz-k¥o' F∂p ]tbm-Kn-®n- p-f-fXv "Biz-kXn' F∂mWv th≠-sX∂p "eoem-Xn-eI' Imc≥ A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-\m¬, DÆp-\oen ktµiw "eoem-Xn-e-I-'Øns‚ apºm-sW∂pw A\p-am-\n-°-Ww. eoem-Xn-e-I-Øns‚ Imew 14- mw \q‰m-≠m-Wv. ]e ]fin-X-a-X-ßfpw A]-K-Yn®v \n¿≤m-cWwsNbvXn´v ktµ-i-Imew F.-Un. 1350-˛\pw 1365-˛\pw CS-bv°m-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂v Cfw-Ipfw A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. Npcp-I-Øn¬ "ipI-k-tµi' Øn\p tijhpw eoem-Xn-e-I-Øns‚ cN-\bv°p apºp-am-bn-cn-°Ww DÆp-\o-en-k-tµ-i-Øns‚ Ime-sa∂v Xo¿Øp-]-d-bmw.Ihnbpw \mb-I\pw

DÆp-\o-en-k-tµ-i-Øns‚ Ihn-sb-°p-dnt®m \mb-I-s\-∏-‰ntbm hy‡-amb hnh-c--sam-∂p-w ImWp∂n√. ktµ-i-l-cs‚bpw \mbn-I-bp-sSbpw t]cp-Iƒ bYm-Iaw BZn-Xy-h¿Ω-sb∂pw DÆp\o-en-sb∂pw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ, \mb-Is‚ \maw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂n-√ .km[m-cW ktµ-i-Im-hy-ßƒ°v ktµ-i-l-c-\p-ambn _‘n-∏n-®mWv KŸ-\maw \¬Im-dp-f-f-Xv. ChnsS \mbn-Im-]-[m-\-amWv KŸ-kw-⁄. Kuc-h-_p-≤n-tbmsScNn® Hcp IrXn-b√ CsX∂p t]mepw Nne¿ kwibn-°p-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv DÆp-\o-en-k-tµ-isØ Hcp lmky-I-h-\-ambn ckn-I-c-Rn-Pn\n ]Xm-[n-]cpw B¿. \mcm-b-W-∏-Wn-°cpw a‰pw NnXo-I-cn-®-Xv. "ap≠-bv°¬ ktµiw Hcp apgp-Ø-Nn-cn-sb∂phnti-jn-∏n® Ip´n-Ir-jvW-amcm¿°p ktµ-i-Ønse ]uV-amb "\¿Ω-t_m-[-a¿Ωw'Kln-°m≥ hnj-aap-≠m-bn-√. aWn-]-hmf Nºp-°sf amXr-I-bm-°p∂ Ihn, taL-k-tµ-isØ Xo¿Øpw A\p-I-cn-°p-hm≥ Xøm-dm-Ip-∂n-√. ipI-k-tµiw Ihn°v Ah-ew-_-am-bn- p-≠m-h-Ww. ]t£, ipI-k-tµ-isØ A]-l-kn-°p-hm≥ th≠n DÆp-\o-en-k-tµ-i-Im-c≥ Hcp lmkyI-h-\-krjvSn \S-Øn-sb∂p ]d-bp∂Xv bp‡n-k-l-a-√.

ap≠-bv°¬Ø-d-hm- nse DÆp-\o-en-bmWv \mbn-I. F∂m¬ \mb-I\msc-∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰nbpw Ihnbpw \mb-I\pw Hcmƒ Xs∂tbm F∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®pw [mcfw N¿®-Iƒ\S-∂p-I-gn-™n-cn°p∂p. Hcp `mh-Im-hy-amb ktµ-i-Im-hy-Ønse \mb-I≥ Ihn-k-¶ev]w amX-am-Imw. Ihn-bpsS Bflmw-i-Øn\p hne-sIm-Sp-°msX hn[p-c- m-h-ß-fp-W¿Øp∂ Hcp ktµ-i-Im-hy-Øn\p P∑w\¬Im≥ km≤y-a-√-t√m, AXn-\m¬ \mbIk¶ev]ØneqsS \mw FØn-t®-cp-∂Xv Ihn-bn¬Øs∂-bm-Wv.



Ihn Bcm-sW-∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n ]fin-X-∑m¿ ]d™p h®n- p-ff A`n-]m-b-ßƒ ChnsS]cn-tim-[-\m¿l-am-Wv. alm-Ihn Df-fq-cns‚ A`n-a-X-ßƒ C]-Imcw kwK-ln-®p-]-d-bmw. \mb-I\pw Ihnbpw Hcm-f-s√∂pw \mb-I≥ DÆp-\o-en-bpsS BZysØ `¿Ø-mhmb aWn-I-WvT-s\∂ cmPm-hp-X-s∂-bm-sW∂pw At±-l-Øns‚ ac-Wm-\-¥cw HcpNm°n-bm¿ B kvXosb ]cn-K-ln-®p-sh∂pw Xs‚ ]nb-Xa \n¿_-‘n-°-bm¬,At±lw ]kvXpX ktµiw cNn-®p-sh∂pamWv Nne¿ k¶-ev]n-°p-∂-Xv. Cu k¶-ev]-Øn\v Hcp D]-]-Øn-bp-an-√. "HcpIcw sIm≠p Xm≥ s]mØ-bnXzm' "amS-ºo-\m-a-hnsS hkXmw' Cßs\ Nne kwkvIr-Xo-Ir-X-ß-fmb mjm-]-Z-ßƒ DÆp-\oenktµ-i-Øn¬ ImWp-∂p-s≠∂pw Ah en-X-]n-b-∑m-cmb Nm°n-bm-c-∑m-cn¬ Hcmsf ]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-I-bp-f-fp-sh∂pw Ah¿ hmZn-°p-∂p. eoem-Xn-e-I-Ønse "kµ¿t`kwkvIrXo IrXm N' F∂ kqXw sIm≠p en-XsØ Dt±-in-®-√m-sXbpw mjm]Z-ßsf kwkvIr-Xo-I-cn-°m-sa∂p kn≤n-°p-∂-Xn\p ]pdta Nm°n-bm-∑m¿ amX-a√AØ--c-Øn-ep-ff ivtfmI-ßƒ cNn-®n-cp-∂Xv F∂pw hy‡-am-Ip-∂p. sIm√Øp chn-h¿Ω-bpsS kZ- n¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ Hcp \ºq-Xn-cnbpw DÆp-\o-en-bpsS tXmgn-bmbsNdn-b-Xns‚ ¿Øm-hp-am-bn-cp∂p Ihn-F∂v as‰mcp aX-hp-ap-≠v. sNdn-bXns‚ \n¿_-‘w-aqew DÆp-\o-en-bn¬ \n∂v kΩm\w hmßp-hm-\p-ff BKlw tlXp-hm-bmWvImhy-c-N-\-bvs°m-cp-sº-´-sX∂pw Hcp ]kvXm-hap≠v. CXbpw ]d-™n´v ktµ-iØnse \mb-I\pw Ihnbpw Bb kck≥ hS-°pw-Iq-dnse Hcp Cf-ap-dØ ºpcm-\m-sW∂v alm-Ihn A\p-am-\n-°p-∂p(tI-c-f-km-ln-Xy-N-cn-Xw,-hm-eyw- 1). \mb-I\pw\mbn-Ibv°pw amX-a-dn-bm-hp∂ Ah-cpsS Nne ZmºXy Pohn-X-c-lkyßƒ DØ-c-k-tµ-i-Ønse 94,95,96 F∂n ivtfmI-ß-fn¬ AS-bm-f-ß-fm°n ImWn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw, Ah Ah-cn¬\n∂v "A\y-\mb Hcmƒ°v Adn-bm≥ Ign-bn-√t√m F∂pwDf-fq¿ XpS¿∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv Xo¿Øpw Ai-‡-amb Hcp hmZ-amWv. "b’Xyw X¬ -hXp ]qW¿Xw \mƒ ]nd-s∂-ßƒ Im¥≥ "F∂ ]Zy-Øn\v \mb-Is‚ P∑-\-£Xw]pW¿X-am-sW∂pw AXn-\m¬ \mb-I\pw Ihnbpw Hcm-fm-sW∂pw alm-Ihn ]kvXm-hn-°p-∂-Xpw kzoIm-cy-a-mb \nco-£-W-a√.

Ihn, \mbn-I--bpsS Hcp Imap-I-\m-bn-cp-∂n-t√-sb-∂mWv Cfw-Ipfw A`yq-ln-°p-∂-Xv. "Ihnbpw \mb-I\pw Hcm-fm-sW-¶n¬. "ZbnX' bpsS ASp-Øn-cp∂p Ihn sNm√n-t°ƒ∏n-°p-tºmƒ amc-Pzcw ]nSn-s]m-Sm≥ Imc-W-an-√-t√m. "aWn-IWvTs‚ ]pWmc-sØ BinX h¿§-Øn¬s∏´ Ihn Iman-°ptam F∂p kwibap≠m-Ip-∂p-sh-¶nepw."tZhs‚ IfX' ßfmb tZh-hm-kn-Iƒ F√m-h¿°pw Zb-nXIfpw ]mW-\m-Y-I-fp-am-I-bm¬ "ZbntX' F∂ kwt_m-[-\-sIm≠p amXw `¿Øm-hm-sW∂v A\p-am-\n-°pI ]qÆ-ambpw icn-b-s√∂v Cfw-Ipfw A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xp kwK-X-am-Wv. Ihn-sb-°p-dn®p e`n-°p∂ B`y-¥c hnh-c-ßƒ C]-Imcw kwK-ln-®p-]-d-bmw.

1. amc-Pzc ]c-his\-¶nepw Kw`o-c- mhw Ie¿∂ Ihn.2. ]Xn- bpw A`ym-khpw XnI™ hy‡n3. Ncn-X-kw-- -h-ßƒ, qan-imkvXw, hnhn[ `mj-Iƒ, Ie-Iƒ F∂nhbn¬ Ah-Kmlw

t\Snb Ihn.4. kwKo-Xm-Zn-I-e-Iƒ t]mse Xs∂ tPymXn-jhpw A\m-bmkw ssIIm-cyw sNøm-\p-ff

ss\]p-Wyw.5. cmP-Ip-Spw-_-ß-fp-am-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ kpZr-V-_‘w6. tZh-Zm-kn-I-tfm-Sp-ff aaX7. thWm-Sv, HmS-\m-Sv, sX°p-wIq¿, hS-°pw-Iq¿, F∂o cmPy-hm-kn-I-sf-∏‰n aXn-bmb

Ah-t_m-[w.8. \Zn-Iƒ, \S-°m-hp-Iƒ, Xpd-apJw, Aßm-Sn-Iƒ F∂nh h¿Æn-°m-\p-ff ]mS-hw.9. t£X-ßfpw sIm´m-c-ßfpw kw_-‘n® hnh-c-ß-sf√mw Adn-bp∂ hy‡n.10. tIc-f-Ønse an° \K-c-ßfpw cmP-]m-X-Ifpw kphn-Zn-X-\mb Ihn.



kmln-Xym-Zn-I-e-Isf HuZm-cy-]q¿∆w t]m’m-ln-∏n® thWm- nse cmPm-hm-bn-cp∂Cc-hn-h¿Ωs‚ Bÿm-\-k-Z- nse Ihn-I-fn¬ Hcm-fn-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°Ww DÆp-\oen ktµ-i-Øns‚ I¿Øm-hv F∂p thW-sa-¶n¬ Duln-°mw.

`mh-\m-k-º-∂-\mb Hcp Ihn F∂p amXw ktµ-i-Im-cs\ hnti-jn-∏n-®m¬ t]mcm.thWm- nse Cfb cmPm-hmb BZn-Xr-h¿Ωsb ZqX-hm-l-I-\m-°p-hm≥ X° [oc-km-l-kn-IX ]Z¿in-∏n® Cu Ihn Hc-\p-Kr-loX Ncn-X-K-th-j-I≥ IqSn-bm-bn-cp-∂p;H∏w sIm´m-c-hp-ambn ASp-Ø-_‘w ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp∂ Hcp am\y-hy-‡n-bpw.

kmln-Xy-KpWw*

Hcp kmln-Xy-Ir-Xn-sb∂ \nebv°v DÆp-\o-en-k-tµiØns‚ ÿm\w AZz-nXo-b-am-Wv. i_vZm¿Y-ß-fn¬ CXn¬ IqSp-X¬ \njvI¿jbpw emh-Wyhpw Zo£n-®n- p-ffIhn-Iƒ Npcp-°-a-mWv. _mly-]-Ir-Xn-bpw A¥- zXzhpw At±-lØns‚ `mh-\-bn¬Hcp t]mse kmckyw ssIs°m≠p Imhy-Im-an-\n-bpsS _mlym¥xkzcq]-ßsfat\m-l-c-am-°n-s®-øp-∂p. tIc-f-Ønse ]Ir-Xn-hn-em-k-ßfpw Chn-SsØ Pohn-X-co-Xn-bn-ep-ff kzmX-¥yhpw ckn-I-Xbpw At±-l-Øns‚ Imhy-Z¿∏-W-Øn¬ Na¬°m-c-]q¿W-ambn ]Xn- -en®p ]cn-tim- n-°p-∂p. Ihn°p kwkvIrX kmln-Xy-hp-am-bp-ff KmV-amb ]cn-N-b-amWv Cu Imhy-Øn¬ anI®p \nev°p∂ kz`m-hw.F∂mepwtIc-fsØ ]tXyIw kvt\ln® Hcp alm≥ ssIc-fnsb AI-a-gn™v A\p-K-ln®Hcp Ihn-aq¿[-\y≥ ˛ F∂n-ßs\bpff ]Xo-Xn-I-fmWv Cu Imhyw hmbn®p Xocp-tºmƒ Ihn-sb-∏‰n a\- n¬ DZn-°p-∂-Xv. tIc-f-Ønse ]Ir-Xn-`w-Kn-Iƒ At±-l-Øns‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬ Aar-X-h¿jw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. B hrjvSn-]m-X-Øm¬ Du‰n-f-Inb sNdnb Acp-hn-Iƒt]mse BWv At±-l-Øns‚ ]Zy-ßƒ ]h-ln-°p-∂-Xv.tIc-f-Øn¬ km[m-c-W-Im-Wp∂ ]q°-fpsS kuc-`yhpw ]£n-I-fpsS Km\-ßfpwIhn-X-bn¬ Aßnßv Ae-™p-]-c-°p-∂p-≠v. ap√-∏q-hns‚ kuc`yw Hcn-SØv (4),]p∂-∏q-hns‚ ]cn-afw thsdm-cn-SØv (52), ]qss°X as‰m-cn-S-Øv(91) ]qt¶m-gn-I-fpsSIqh-ep-Ifpw (6) D∏s‚ awK-e-i-_vZ-ßfpw Ipbn-ens‚ ]m´p-I-fpw(50) Imhy-Øn¬]Xn[z-\n-°p-∂p. Ing°v DZ-b-kp-cy-\m-Ip∂ aWn-\aIpSw [cn-®p-sIm≠p \nev°p∂\oe-°p∂pw (7), ]Sn-™mdv Aw_p-cm-in-bpsS DZm-c-amb Xochpw (56) Cßs\ tIc-f-Øns‚ AXn-cp-I-fmb aebpw ISepw At±-l-Øns‚ `mh-\m-N-I-hm-f-Øn¬sXfn™p hnf-ßp-∂p. ]c- r-X-Ipew \nd™ tX∑m-hp-Ifpw (9), Xnßn-h-f-cp∂ sXßp-Ifpw (92) B Ihoizcs\ i‡n-tbmsS BI¿jn-®n-cp-∂p. Npcp-°-Xn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ Imhyw Hcp ssIc-fo-]q-P-sb-∂-Xp-t]mse Hcp tIc-f-]q-P-bmbpw k¶-ev]n-®n-´p-f-f-Xm-Wv.Chn-SsØ ][m\ ÿe-ßfpw Kma-]-tZ-i-ßfpw Imb-ep-Ifpw Bdp-Ifpw t£X-ßfpw cmP-K-l-ßfpw FSp-sØ-Sp-Øp-]-d™p h¿Wn-°m≥ Ihn-Xm¬∏cyw ImWn-°p-∂p.Ihn-bpsS A¿Y-N-a¬°m-c-Øn\pw i_vZ-am-[p-cy-Øn\pwImhyw apgp-h≥ DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. "tIm¬tØ-t\m-te-W-tamtcm ]Z-\n-c-Iƒ \dpw ]men¬\osc-∂-t]mse tN¿Øo-tS-Ww.' F∂v hf-sc-°m-e-Øn-\p-tijw alm-Ihnap¿[-\y-\mb \ºym¿ Fgp-Xn-bXv DÆp-\o-en-k-tµ-iIm-cs‚ IhnXsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw]Xy-£cw icn-bm-Wv. NntXm-t√-J\w sNøm\pw at\m-`m-h-ßsf _mly-]-Ir-Xn-tbmSv Xmc-X-ay-s∏-SpØn ]Z¿in-∏n-°m\pw Ihn ]Kev`yw ImWn-°p-∂p.

*(D-Æp-\o-en-k-tµ-i-Øn\v iqc-\m´p Ip™≥]n≈ Xøm-dm-°nb hymJym-\-KŸØns‚ Ah-Xm-cn-I-bn¬ \n∂v)



hni-Z-]-T\w:DÆp-\o-en-k-tµiw (]q¿∆-`m-Kw)1. X≠m¿ amXm-≠-g-Ips]mgnbpw

an° ap≠-°¬ tahpwh≠m¿ tIme°pg-en-Iƒ

inJm-ap-Æp-\o-eo-ap-ZmcmwsIm≠m-Sn-∏q≠-cpW aWnhm

sIm≠p-sIm-≠m-Ø-cmKw]t≠-t∏mse ]c-a-\p- hw

tIm]n-Im-ao-P-KmaDÆp-\o-en-k-tµ-i-Øn¬ H∂n®p Ign-™- \mbnIm \mb-I-∑m¿ XΩn¬ th¿]n-cn-

bm\pw hnc-lZpxJ ]oUn-X-\mb \mb-I≥ \mbn-Isb ktµ-i-a-b®v km¥z\n-∏n-°m\pw CS-bmb klm-Ncyw hnh-cn®p XpS-ß-p∂p.

e£v-ao-tZ-hn-bpsS \nXy-km-∂n≤yw D≠m-Ip-I-aqew AgIpw, sFiz-cyhpw XnI™anI-hp-‰ (Io¿Øn-tI- ) ap≠-bv°¬ hoń¬ ]m¿Øn-cp-∂-hfpw kpµ-cn-am¿°p- in-tcm-e-¶m-chpw Bb DZm-c-io-e-bmb DÆp-\o-ensb ]iw-kn®p ]d-™p-sIm≠pwAcpWmàmb Ah-fpsS Np≠p-I-fn¬ apI¿∂p sIm≠v ]Xn-hp-t]mse Hcp Imap-I≥ B\µ]I¿jw A\p- -hn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

B≠v ˛ IpSn-sIm≠v , an° ˛ anI® , h≠m¿ ˛ h≠n≥ \nc , tIme-°p-g-en-Iƒ˛at\m-l-c-amb apSn-bp-f-f-h¿, sIm≠p sIm≠v ˛ \pI¿∂v \pI¿∂v . BØ-cmKw ˛A\p-cm-K-tØmsS, ]c-a-\p- hw ˛]-c-am-\-µw, PKma˛ ]m]n-®p, I:A]n˛ Hcp.

"kn‘p-Zzo]w' F∂p kwkvXrXoI-cn-®-t]-tcm-Sp-Iq-Snb "IS¬Øpcp-Ønse (I-Sp-Øp-cp-Øn-bn-se) ]ikv-X-amb tZh-Zm-ko-Kr-l-ambncp∂p ap≠-°¬. Ahn-SpsØAXnkpµ-cn-bmb tZh-Zm-kn-bm-bn-cp∂p DÆp-\o-en. Ah-fpsS Imap-It\m (Hcp ]t£Im¥-t\m) Bb \ºq-Xncn _m“W\m-bn-cn-°Ww Imhy-c-N-bn-Xm-hv. Xm≥ "" ap≠-bv°¬ØIp-ap-Æp-\oen hnjtb ktµi I¿ÆmarXw'' cNn-°p-∂-Xv Ah-fpsS C√-Øn\p Io¿Øn-bp-≠m-Ip-hm\pw Xt∂mSv " Ahƒ°v ]oXn -tXm-∂p-hm-\p-am-sW∂vBap-J-ambn Ihn Iqńt®¿°p-∂p-≠v.

C]-Imcw B\-µ-Øn¬ apgp-In-I°gn-bptºmƒ Abmsf Hcp Imam-Xp-c-bmb b£nFSp-Øp-sIm-≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv hnc-l-Øn-\p-f-f -tl-Xp. CØ-c-Øn¬ IrXn-a-ambHcp IYm-k-µ¿`w krjvSn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv, DÆp-\oenktµiw Hcp ]cn-lm-k-I-h-\-amWv"F∂ Xs‚ hmZ-Øn\v Dt]m-Zv_-e-I-ambn Ipń-Ir-jvW-am-cm¿ Nq≠n°mWn-°p-∂-p.

ktµi Imhy-ß-fn¬ s]mXpsh kzoI-cn®p ImWp-∂-Xv. Cg™p \oßp∂ ań-ep-ff, ]Xn™ hrØ-amb "aµm-Im¥m' BWv. CØcw IrXn-I-fnse AwKn-ckwhntbm-K-hn-]ew ìrw-Km-cam-Wv. B ckw Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v "G‰hpw A\p-tbm-PyamWv ' "aµm-Im¥m F∂m-Wp-]-fin-X-a-Xw.aµm-Im¥m a`-\-X-XKw\mep-am-td-gp-ambv Kw.

a,-`,-\,-X,X F∂o-K-W-ß-fpw- c-≠-p Kp-cp-°fpw tN¿∂-XmWp aµm-Im-¥m. \mev,Bdv, Ggv, F∂o Ia-Øn¬ A£-c-ßƒ Ah-km-\n-°p-∂n-S-Ø vb-Xn.

2. ht£m-tZ-tj-kp-c-X-I-e-l-hym-Ipemw Xmw h-l¥wb£n ImNnXv ]p\-c-ap-apd-ßn‚ t\cw- \n-\mbZ£m Nme-®-Xn-bn¬ aZ-t\m-∑m-Zn\o Z£n-Wmimwct£m-cm-P-∂n-f-b-k-lPm e£v-aWw cm£-koh



kpc-X-tI-fn-Iƒ sIm≠p ]-cn-£o-W-bmb Ahsf amdn¬ InSØns°m≠v Ah≥Dd-ßp-tºmƒ, NXn-bn¬ \n]p-W-bmb Hcp b£n Imtam-∑m-Zn-\n-bm-bn, ct£m-cm-Ps‚ (cm-h-W-s‚) Cfb kl-P-bmb cm£-kn(- iq¿∏W-J)e£va-Ws\sb∂-t]mse(a-Z-\-]-c-h-i-bm-bn) Ahs\ Z£n-W-Zn-°n-te°v FSp-Øp-sIm-≠p -t]m-bn.

hfsc IrXn-a-amb Hcp Imhy-k-µ¿ -amWv "\mbnI ˛ \mbI hnc-l-Øn\p Ihn- C-hnsS krjvSn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hnclw shdpw Ihn-I-ev]n-X-am-sW-∂v AXn¬ \n∂p hy‡-am-Ip-∂p. kpZo¿-L-amb am¿§-h¿Æ-\bpw, kµ¿`w In´ptºmsgms° ]®irwKmc-c-k-Øns‚ Bhn-jvIm-c-hp-am-Wv Ihn-bpsS e£yw. AXn\pXIp-∂- Hcp IYm-k-µ¿`wthW-sa∂p amXw.

kpc-Xm-¥y-Øn¬ Xf¿∂v InS-°p∂ \mbn-Isb NnXo-I-cn-°m≥ aWn-]-hm-f-I-hn-Iƒ°v bmsXmcp i¶bpw D≠m-bn-cp -∂n-√. Imhy-Øn¬ IqSn \mbn-Ibv°vA\izcIo¿Øn- t\Sns°mSp-°p-Ibpw Ahsc ]oWn-∏n®v Bcm-[-I\pw ]W-b-]m¿∞n-bp-amb Ihn-tbmSpw B\p-Iq-ey-ap-≠-m°p-I-bp-am-bn-cp∂p Imhy-e-£y-ßƒ.

3. kym\-µqtc _X! ]pc-htc sN‚ t\c-Øp-W¿∂m˛\m\-µ-tØm-Sn-l- hn-c-lntXm thdn-cp-∂p-Æp-\oeowtimtIm-∑mZw a\kn I\-ap-≠m-Inepw a¥i‡ymapt‡m ssZhm¬ ]p\-c-h-fpsS ssIbn¬ \nt‚-j -Im-an.

b£n BImi am¿t§-W Xs∂ Z£nWZnt°tes°SpØp sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn-\nsS kym\-µq-c-]p-c-Øn\p apI-fn¬ sN∂ t\cØv B Imap-I≥ DW¿∂p. DÆp-\o-ensb th¿s]´XpsIm≠v Ah≥ B\µcln-X-\m-bn-Øo¿∂p. timIw sIm≠p-≠mbhn`m-¥n-bn¬ a\- p-ap-gp-Inbn´pw `mKy-Øm¬ B Iman, a¥-i‡n sIm≠v, Ah-fpsS ssIbn¬ \n∂p ap‡\m-bn-Øo-∂p.

"kym\-µqcw' Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-csa∂ \K-c-\m-a-Øns‚ kwkvIrXoIrX cq]-am-Wv..ÿe\: aßsf kwkvIr-X-cq-]-ß-fm°n ]tbm-Kn-°pI aWn-]-hm-f-I-hn-I-fpsS ÿncwcoXn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.atlm-Z-b-]pcw (am-tIm-ssX-]-´-Ww) kn‘p-Zzo]w (I-Sp-Øp-cp-Øn) XpS-ßn-bh DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ. "sN‚ t\cØv' "\nt‚-j-Iman XpS-ßnb "‚' cq]-ßƒ ]uVn-°p-th≠nD≠m-°nb IrXn-a-cq-]-ß-fm-Wv.

"kym\-µqtc' ]pc-h-tc, F∂n-ßs\ hn`‡y¥ kwkvIrX i_vZ-ßƒ i≤n-°pI.4 A√n-Øm¿amX-Wb acphpw ]fl\m-`∂p-]mt¥

sas√-Øm-W-ß-h-\-h-\n-bn¬∏øth sN‚ncp-∂m≥A√¬s∏- m≥ \nP -k-l-Ncow thdn-cpt∂-‰ta‰m≥ap√-∏q-hn≥ ]cn-a-f-sagpw sX‚¬ Xosb‚ t]mse

b£n-bpsS ]nSn-bn¬ AI-s∏´v BIm-i-am¿t§-W- N-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ B Im-ap-I≥ \c-knw-l-a¥w P]n®v Ah-fpsS ]nSn-bn¬ \n∂p-c-£-s∏- p. A\-¥cw BIm-iØp \n∂n-d-ßn, ]fl-\m`-kzman t£X-Øns‚ A¶-W-Øn¬ sN∂n-cp-∂p. Cuka-bØv Abm-fpsS am\-knI \ne-bmWv ChnsS NnXo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

sXm -cn-In-ep-ff e£n-ao-tZ-hn-tbm-sSm∏w Ccp-∂-cp-fp∂ ]fl-\m- -kzm-an-bpsS kao-]-Ømbn sas√ Ah≥ \ne-Øp-sN-∂n-d-ßn. ]nb-X-a-bn¬ \n∂v th¿s]-´-Xp-aqewAh\p henb k¶-S-ap-≠m-bn. ap√-∏q-aWw Ie¿∂-]- m-X-Ønse Cfw Im‰v At∏mƒAh\v Xobm-bn- A-\p-`-h-s∏-´p.

hnc-ln-I-fmb Iman-Iƒ°v, Imtam±o-]-I-ß-fmb \nem-hv, Cfw-Im‰v XpS-ßn-bhXot]mse s]mf-fn-°p∂Xmbn A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-sa-∂mWp Ihn-k-¶-ev]w.X∑qew hntbm-K-hn-]-ew- cXn Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-tºmƒ Chsb D±o-]\ hn`m-h-ß-fmbn \n_-‘n-°pIIhn-I-fpsS ]Xn-hm-Wv.



"AWb'˛ kao-]Øv, thdn-cp∂v˛ th¿s]´v....sN‚ncp-∂m≥ F∂-Xn¬ "‚' cq]-tØm-sSm∏w "∂'bpw ]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. sX‚¬ Xosb‚ t]mse' F∂n-SØpw"‚' cq]-ßƒ ImWmw.

5. AtΩ tZiw-]p-\cn-hnStatX-Xp- \m-sS‚psa√mwZnMvtamlm¿Øw ]p\ch-\p-tS- Nn-Øap∑oenb¥ym\∑-bv°mbv \o \nJnePKXmw ]fl-\m`m apcmtcNnΩnSmtX Xncp-\-b-\-sa‚pZvKXm hµn-hmN

t£X-Øn-\p-f-fn¬ \n∂pw ]fl-\m`kzm-ansb Xpbn-ep-W¿Øp∂ (]-f-fn-bp-W¿Øp-∂) hµn-I-fpsS Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ Db¿∂p tIƒ°p-∂p. Cu KoX-ß¬ tI´mWv \mb-I\v ÿe-Ime t_m[w D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv.

At∏mƒ, AtΩ Cu tZiw, GXp-\m- n-emWv F∂n-ßs\ ZnKvàw sIm≠v hnh-i-am-bn-Øo v¿∂ Ahs‚ a\- ns\ PmUymh-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂v DW¿Øp-∂-a-ń¬ ""A√tbm ]fl-\m`! Aßv \nJn-e-PK-Øns‚bpw \∑-bv°mbn Xncp-an-gn-Iƒ Xpd-∂-cp-fn-bmepw!'' F∂p-ff hµn-I-fpsS k¶o¿Ø\w Db¿∂p tIƒ°m-bn.

"\b-\-sa‚p "\msS‚p' XpS-ßn-bh IrXn-aXzw Ie¿∂ "‚' cq]-ß-fm-Wv. "\nJn-e-P-KXmw' XpS-ßn-bh hn`-‡y-¥-ßƒ. ]`mXØn¬ DW¿∂v Cuiz-c-k-¶o¿Ø\wtI -t∏mƒ \mb-Is\ _m[n-®- au-Vym-hÿ amdp-Ibpw Abm-fpsS a\ v "Dt∑-j-]q¿Æ-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. ktµ-i-a-b®v Abm-fpsS a\ v ...-kzÿamIØ°-hn-[-Øn¬ D±o-]-\-hn- m-h-ßƒ XpS¿∂pw Ihn \n_-‘n-°p-∂p-≠v.

6. Imfw t]mse Ipkp-a-[-\ptjm l¥! ]qt¶mgn IqIotNmfw-t]mse sNX-dn-hn-fdo Xmc-Im-Wmw- \n-ImbwXmfw t]mse ]pe-cn-h-\nXbv°m-K-Xu- -kq-cy-Nµu

- \mfw t]mse \fn-\-Ip-lcmZpZvK-Xm- `rw-K-cmPnio ]fl-\m- s‚ Xncp\-S-bn¬ \n∂p sIm≠v' hµn-Iƒ ]`m-X-sØ -h¿Æn-®p-]m-Sp-

∂p. Ipkp-am-bp-[s‚ Iml-ftam F∂p-tXm-∂p-amdv AIse ]qt¶mgn Iqhn-°-gn™p.]pe¿sh-fn®w hym]n® BIm-iØv, tNmf a-e-cv -s]m-ń-®n-X-dn-°n-S-°p-∂-Xp-t]msehnf-dn, ]Im-iw-sI´ \£-X-ßƒ ImW-s∏- p. ]pe-cn-bm-Ip∂ kpµ-cn-bpsS hc-th-ev]n-\p-ff Ce-Øm-f-ß-sf∂ hÆw Ing°v kqcy\pw ]Sn-™mdv Nµ\pw sXfn-™p-\n-∂p. Xma-c-∏q-°-fpsS Df-fn¬ \n∂p ]pI-\mfw Db-cp-I-bm-tWm-F∂p tXm∂pamdvh≠n≥ \nc Db¿∂p-]-d-∂p.

DÆp-\o-en-k-tµ-i-Ønse AXn-]-kn-≤-amb ]`m-X-h¿Æ-\-bm-Wn-Xv. ]qt¶mgn Iqhp-∂-Xns\ Ima-tZ-hs‚ Iml-f-ambn DXvt]-£n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]pe-cmdm-b-tXmsS Iman-\o-Kr-l-ß-fn¬ \n∂p Ima-tZ-h≥ hnS-]-d-bp-∂p-sh∂p kqN-\. NnX-dn Aßn-ßm-bn-Im-W-s∏-Sp∂ \£-X-ßsf tNmf-s∏m-cn-tbmSp kmZr-iy-s∏-Sp-Ønbncn-°p-∂Xn¬ D]-ame¶mcw. CeØm-f-tØm-Sp- kq-cy-N-µ-∑msc kmZriy-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xpw D]-a-X-s∂. h≠p-Iƒ H∂n\p ]n∂mse H∂mbn Db-cp-∂Xp I≠m¬ Dcp≠ ]pI-\mfwBImitØ°p -hym-]n-°p-∂-Xmbn tXm∂p-sa∂ Iev]-\-bn¬ D¬t]-I-j. "]pecnh\nX' F∂p cq]-Iw.

7. \oe°p‚n≥ aWnaIp-S-hZv Zriy-tX - m-\p-_nw_wNmeØmWq IS-eneWn-sh≠n¶ƒ \msem‚p t]msc°me-sØbvXpw shbn-se-dp-I-bn¬s∏´p ]mSn‚Xpw tIƒthe-s∏-Æn≥ap-e-bnenXap‰-ºp-sa≥ Xºn-cmt\!

hµn-I-fpsS Km\w XpS¿∂pw tIƒ°p-∂p. \oea-e-bpsS apSn-bnse cXv\-a-Ip-Sw-t]mse kqcy-_nw_w ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. Nµ≥ IS-en¬ \men-sem-∂p -`m-K-sam-gnsIXmWp-I-gn-™p. ]`m-X-Ønse shbn¬ s\dp-I-bn-te-‰p-sIm≠v e£-vao-tZ-hn-bpsSamdn¬ hmW-cp-fp-∂- -K-hms\ Rß-fn-Xm- ]m-Sn-bp-W¿Øp-∂p.



kqcys\ \oe-a-e-bpsS aWn-a-Ip-S-ambn DXvt]-£n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. "Ipbn¬t∏S- ]m-Sn‚Xpw tIƒ'F∂' Hcp ]mT-t -Zhpw CXn-\p-≠v. \mb-Is‚ hnc-l-Zpx-JsØ DZo-]n-∏n-°p-hm≥ Cu ]Ir-Xn-h¿Æ-\-k-lm-bn-°p-∂p.

8. Fs‚√mw tI -h-s\mcp \pdp-ßm-iz-kn-°n‚ t\cwIp‚n-s®ßpw Ipbn¬\n-\-Zhpw Iqhp-a-°m-hp-tXmdpwH‚n-®p-ss®-c-bp-K-i-c-t\m-Sm¿Øp h≠n≥\n-\m-ssZ˛sc‚-√-t∏m-sgmcp ]Sp-sIm-e-°mcn h∂m≥ hk-¥≥

]Zva-\m- s\ kvXpXn-°p-∂Xp tI´v \mb-I≥ Biz-kn®t∏mƒ B Bizm-ksØC√m-Xm-°p-amdp Np‰p-ap≈ Imhn¬\n∂p Ipbn¬\mZw tI´p.-A-Xn\pw ]pdsa Imap-I-l-¥m-hmb hk¥w Ima-tZ-h-t\mSp tN¿∂v h≠n≥\mZw apg-°n-s°m≠p h∂p.

9. tX∑m-hn-t∑¬∏c-`r-X-Ip-ew, `rwK-amem ]em-ti,amc≥Iq-c-ºpf Npg-ehpw sNº-Is°mºp-tXmdpwsX‚¬°‚p-≠n-\nb _I-tf, InwiqtI Inwiq-Im-fo,\mfo-I-Øm¿ \fn-\n-bn-e-h-s∂ßp t\m°m-hp-X‚ v?

InwiqtI Inwip-Imfn F∂-Xn\v apcn-°n¬ apcn-°n≥]q F∂v BWv kzc-k-ambA¿Yw. apcn-°n≥]q hntbm-Kn-Isf Zln-∏n-°m≥ Ima≥ sImfp-Øp∂ A·n-Pzm-e-sb-∂m-bn-cn°mw Ihn- m-h-\.

"Inwiq-I-Øn¬ ˛ apcn-°n¬, Inw F¥v? iqIm-fn, iqI-k-aqlw' F∂ coXn-bnepwhymJym-\n®p ImWp-∂p.

t\m°p∂nS-sØ√w hntbm-KZpx-JsØ h¿[n-∏n-°p∂ N‰p-]m-Sp-IƒXs∂ I≠pF∂p kmcw.

10.tImI-ti-Wo-hn-c-l-\n-lnXw Xo\p-dp-sß‚ t]mseXqIn-Øq-In-Øp-ln-\-I-WnImw Xq¿∂ ]q¶m-hn-eqsSkvtXmtIm-∑o-e-∂-fn-\-sX-fn-tX≥ Imf-Iq-Smw_p tImcn˛tØIn-tØ-In-∏-h-\-\-h-s\-s®‚p sIm‚m≥ XZm\ow

cmXn-bn¬ ]ncn-™n-cp∂ NI-hm-I-ß-fpsS hnc-lm-·n-bpsS IW-ß-sf∂p tXm∂p∂a™p-\o¿Øp-f-fn-Isf ]q¶m-hn-eqsS XqIn-s°m≠pw, ]Xps° hnS¿∂phcp∂ Xma-c-∏q-°-fnse tX\m-Ip∂ Imf-Iq-S-P-esØ tImcn-tØ-In-sIm≠pw _mem-\n-e≥ h∂vB hnc-lm-Xp-cs\ sIm∂p.˛(tX-In-tØm-I-∏-h-\≥˛]m-T-t`-Zw)

11.kzÿm-tZ-im-Znjp Ne-Zrimw amctW sshcn-]pwkmwNntØm-t∑-jm-Znjp N hn-Zpjmw ]m¿°n¬ \t√mcp a¥wXr∏m-∏q¿ aq∏-gIp s]mgnbpw hoc-\m-Xn®h¿a≥apev]m-Sp≠mw hncpXp klkm Xky arXyp-RvP-tbm- q¬

kpµ-cn-am-cpsS Imam-th-i-Øn\pw, sshcn cmPm-°∑mcpsS ac-W-In-bbv°pw, hnZzm-∑m-cpsS NntØm-t∑-j-Øn\pw DX--Ip∂ a¥w t]mse ]`m-h-im-en-bmb Xr∏m-∏q¿aq∏-\mb BZn-Xy-h¿a B hntbm-Kn-bpsS apºn¬ apXyp-RvP-b-s\-t∏mse sN∂p-tN¿∂p. ]h-\≥ \nl-\n® Imansb ]p\¿Po-hn-∏n-°m-\mbn arXyp-RvP-b≥ Bhn¿ -hn®p F∂p bp‡n.

12.I≠m≥ I≠-n∏p-cn-Ip-g-en-am¿am-c-s\-∏ns∂ ap∂¬s°m≠m-Smthm Nne KpW-KWw tN¿∂ ]pWymw-_p-cminwX≠m¿amXpw Ihn-h-\n-Xbpw X≠n-b‚‚p ]pevIwN≠m¿ sh‚n-s°m-Snsb shSn-bn-t‚-dm¿°p Iev]m-¥-h”nw



I≠n-∏p-cn-I-g-en-am¿°v amc-\pw, sIm≠m-Sm-thm-∂mb At\Iw KpW-ß-fp-ff ]pWymw-_p-cm-inbpw, X≠m¿amXpw Ihn-h-\n-Xbpw At\z-jn®p sN∂v A∂∂p ]p¬I∂N≠m¿sh‚n-s°m-Snbpw shSn-bp-t∂m¿°p Iev]m-¥-h-”nbpw Bb (B-Zn-Xy-h¿Ω-sb) ]ns∂ ap∂n¬ I≠m≥.

]ns∂ B hntbmKn BZn-Xy-h¿Ωsb apºn¬ I≠p F∂p kmcw.kwkvIr-X-coXn A\p-k-cn®p hnti-j-W-hn-ti-jy-ßsf Htc hn -‡n-bn-em°n ]tbm-

Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. amcs\ ]pWymw-_p-cminw sh‚ns°mSnsb Iev]m-¥-h”nw I≠m≥F∂p hmIy-L-S-\.

13.\o¿Øm--\n-µp-]-e-anh sXfn-™m-º¬t]mse Nncn-®m≥B¿Øm≥ h≠n≥I-pe-an-h hf¿∂m≥ ]tbm-cm-in-t]mte]oXzm cq]m-ar-X-an-f-In-\m-t\j sNtºm-Øp-t]mteIqgvØm≥ Imao aZ\-\nh t]m∂m-KtX hoc-N-tµ.

BZn-Xy-h¿Ωsb Nµ-\m°n cq]Ww sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. Ntµm-Z-b-Øn¬ Nµ-Im-¥-ine XpS-ßn-bp-f-f-hbv°v D≠m-Ip∂ hnIm-c-ßƒ BZn-Xy-h¿Ω-bpsS Z¿i-\-Øn¬B Imap-I\v D≠m-bn. Ihn-k-¶Xw A\p-k-cn-®p-ff h¿W-\-bmWv CXv. Ntµm-Z-b-Øn¬ kapZw then-tb‰w sImffp∂p F∂pw Nµ-\n-ep-ff Aar-XsØ NtIm-c-ßƒ Bkz-Zn-°p∂p F∂pw a‰pw Ihn-k-t¶-X-ßƒ.

14.Xm¥mt\ h∂-b-ap-]-KtXm ssZh-tbm-Km-Zn-Zm\owIm¥m-Nm-¥m¿ap-e-bnW ]ncn-™p-ff Xm]w hnl¥pwB¥m-s\‚-ß-h-\p-S-\-W-t™-Øn-\m-\m-Ø-cmKwsN¥m¿am-Xn≥ Ipe-\n-e-bamw hoc-th-Wm-S¿tIm-s\.

Im¥-bpsS Nm¥m¿∂ kvX\-ßsf hn´p-]n-cn-™-Xn-\m-ep≈ ZpxJsØ C√m-Xm-°p-∂-Xn\p th≠n ssZhm-[o\w sIm≠v Ct∏mƒ kzbw BK-X-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂p.-A-Xn-\m¬ Aßv Fs‚ \mY-\m-Wv- ˛ F∂p ]d-™p-sIm≠v Ah≥(-\m-b-I≥) hoc-\mbthWm- p-cm-Pm-hns‚ ASp-sØØnthWm-S¿tIm≥ F∂-Xn\v thWms´ cmPmhv F∂ kmam-\y-amb A¿Yta Df-fp.

15.BIev]w hmÆ-cpfp ]I-b¿°-¥Im! l¥- qan˛°mIev]w \o ]h-g-a-Wn-tb, hmWnbpw ]qhn¬amXpwhoInt® h∂-g-sImSp ]pW¿∂o-Sp-am-Xn-®-h¿am!taI-tØmSpw sImS-bn-en-S-bn-t‚-dmcp Imcp-Wy-knt‘m!

apgp-h¿a-Wn-btb' F∂pw ]mTw ImWp-∂p-≠v. AXns‚ A¿Yw hoc-cXv\w. \mSp-h-gn-I-fn¬ cXv\w Fs∂-√m-am-Wv.

hoIn® F∂-Xn\v "tate tate Bbn' F∂pw. "a’-c-Øn¬' F∂pw, "HmSn°nX®v'F∂pw aq∂p-X-c-Øn¬ aq∂p hymJym-\-ß-fn¬ A¿Yw. thK-i-_vZ-Øns‚ X¤-h-amWv hoIw. "sImSn-bn-en-S-bn-t‚mcp' F∂mWp K ]m. sImS-bn¬ F∂ apZnX ]mT-amWp km[p."-I-eym-W-knt‘m' F∂-Xn\v "Imcp-Wy-knt‘m' F∂p-K.-]m.-ta-L-tØmSpw F∂ ap. ]mT-tØ-°mƒ taI-tØmSpw F∂-K.-]m.-B-Wp-k-ao-No-\w. A¿Y-Øn\p hyXym-k-an-s√-¶nepw AXmWv ChnsS ]mk-Øn\v CW-ßp-∂-Xv (iq-c-\m-Sv).

16.FÆn--s°m≈mw ]S-bn-se-gp-\-f-fØp sIm√-Øp-\nt‚mIÆn¬Iq-Sm-X-S-b-cpS¬Iq-dmfn! tXmhm-f-\nt‚mh¿Wn-t®‰w `qP-K-i-b\w I≠p ssIIq-∏-phm-s\≥]pWy-Ønt‚ s]cpa \hcw \n≥ hc-sØ‚p at\y.

IÆn¬°q-SmX ˛ I≠p-Iq-Sm-Ø, AS-b-cp-S¬˛ AS-b-cpsS DS¬; iX-p°-fpsS ico-cw, Iqdm-fn-˛-Iq-dm-fp-∂-h-t\-˛-sh-´n-∏-I-p°p-∂-ht\ F∂p kwt_m-[-\. h¿Wn-t®‰w



˛G‰w h¿Wn-®v, `qP-K-i-b-\w- -A-\-¥-im-bnsb ]Zva-\m- -s\, I≠p ssIIq-∏p-hm-t\˛sXmgp-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bp-f-f, \n≥h-c-Øv-˛-A-hn-S-sØ-h-c-hv-˛Fgp-∂-f-f-Øv, \h-cw- -\n-›-b-ambpw, F≥- -F-s‚, ]pWy-Øns‚ s]cpa F∂v, at\y ˛Rm≥ hnNm-cn-°p-∂p.

Ahn-SptØ Fgp-∂-f-fØv ]Zva-\m- s\ sXmgm≥th-≠n-bmsW¶nepw AXv Fs‚alm- m-Ky-am-sW∂p Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂p.

"FÆns°mffmw ]S-bn¬' F∂-Xn\v FÆØ°hÆw Ipd-®p-amXw ]S-tbm-Sp-IqSn F∂p Nne¿ A¿Y-sa-Sp-°p-∂Xv. AXv icnb-√. IÆn¬°qSm-sX-˛-I-sÆ-Øm-Ø-˛-A-kw-Jy-am-b.sIm√w cmP-[m-\n-bm°n `cn-®n-cp∂ Cc-hn-h¿as‚ ktlm-Z-c-\mb BZn-Xy-h¿a-s\-bmWv ChnsS ]cm-a¿in-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.-A-h¿ Ipd-®p-Imew tXmhm-f-]-tZ-iØv Xma-kn-®n-cp-∂p.

17.Bdt√m sNm√-a-c-k-cWu kwkvIr-X--]m-Ir-Xm`ymwamdn-√t√m ]p\-c-Xn¬ \n\-°n‚p awK-ey-Io¿tØ!Bdt√m ap‚-h-\n-hn-jtb tN¿∂ `mjm-hn-tijwthdt√ \o ]d-In-e-h-bn-‰n-¶epw hoc-aute!

Aa-c-k-cWu Aa-c-k-c-Wn-bn¬-˛-kw-kvIr-XsØ tZh-`m-j-sb∂p Icp-Xp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Bcy- m-jm-h¿K-Øn¬ F∂p ]Ir-Xm-¿-Yw. ]mIr-Xm`ymw F∂ K.-]m-TamWvkao-No\w (GXv Bdv-B-cy- m-j-I-sf-bmWp ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-sX∂p hy‡-a-√. alm-cm-jvSn, ss]im-Nn, amK-[n, iuc-tk\n, Nqfn-Im-ss]-im-No, A]-`wiw F∂nh Bbn-cn-°-Ww. hc-cp-Nnbpw tla-N-µ\pw CXn-s\-∏‰n ]d™n´p≠v.(thdt√ F∂-Xn\v thdv A√? ˛ CW-°-an-√m-Ø-h-\-√-Xs∂ F∂pw, A]-cn-Nn-X≥A√ F∂pw Nne¿ A¿Y-I-ev]\ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p).

A°m-esØ ]cn-K-W-\-bn¬ Bcy-`m-jm-h¿K-Øn¬ Bdpw Ah-sbm-gn®v thtd]Xn-s\´pw mj-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-bn¬ F√mw BZn-Xy-h¿Ωbv°v AXn-cn-√mØ]mfinXyw kn≤n-®n-cp∂p F∂v `mhw.

18.cmPy-m\m-a-ßn-\nb ]Xn-s\-´n-∂p-an‚m-bp-[m\whnZym-\m© Xzakn s]cp-amƒ hoc-kw-Km-a-[oc!\me-n∂p-Ω-‰dp-]-Xn-\p-an‚-°-em-Iu-i-em\mwKmam-Wm© inb-a-\p-Zn\w hmgvØp-thm-cm-]v-X-_t‘m!

Xzakn F∂ ]mT-w ChnsS kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.Xza]n F∂ apZnX ]mT-Øn\v,\obpw- -A-hn-S∂pw F∂v A¿Yw. hoc-c-hn-h¿Ωvbv°v Bbn-cp∂p kwKm-a-[o-c-_n-cpZwD≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv .C-hnsS BZn-Xy-h¿asb At±-l-tØmSv Xpe\w sNøp-∂p.hmgpIF∂-Xns‚ ]tbm-P-I-cq-]-amWv hmgvØp-I. hmgvØp-thmcv F∂-Xn\p ]pI-gvØpIF∂-√, hmgn-°p-I, h¿≤n-∏n-°p-I -F-∂mWv ChnsS A¿XvYw.

Adp-]-Øn-\mev ]m[m-\y-ap≈ kwJy-bm-Wv.Adp-]-Øn-\mev Ie-I-sf∂p ]kn-≤n. tIc-f-Ønse \ºqcn Kma-ßfpw Adp-]-Øn-\mev .Ie-IfpsS F∂-t]mse Kma-ß-fp-sSbpw sFiz-cy-Øn\p \nZm-\-amWv BZn-Xy-h¿a.

(ap-Jy-amb ]km-[-\-ß-fn¬ "KmamWmw N inbw' F∂p Xs∂ ]mTw ImWp-∂p. F∂m¬ AXn\p iosb F∂-√. Bibw F∂mWv A¿Yw sImSp-Øp-Im-Wp-∂-Xv. Ie-Iƒ°pw Kma-ßƒ°w Ahn-S∂v Bi-b-am-Wt√m F∂v A¿Yw sImSp-°p-∂p. ap.-]m-Thpw K.-]m-Thpw kao-No-\-]m-Thpw "iobw' F∂m-bn-cn-°p∂ ÿnXn°piosb hmgvØp∂ h¿≤n-∏n-°p∂ F∂ A¿Yta tbmPn-°q˛iq-c-\mSv.)

(]-Xn-s\´p cmPy-sa∂p ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂Xv cmPy-Øns‚ ]Xn-s\- p-hn- m-K-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bm-Wv. hf-©nbw F∂mWv A∂p ]d-™n-cp-∂-Xv. sIm√w 371 ˛m-am-≠sØ shf-fm-



bWn inemtc-J-bn¬ thWmńse 18 cmPy-ß-fn-ep-ff hf-©n-b-sc-∏‰n ]kvXm-h-ap-≠v. cmPy-hn- m-K-sat∂ cmPy-Øn\v A¿Y-ap-f-fp. ]m≠n-sb-∏-‰nbpw sIm®n-sb-∏-‰n-bp-ap-ff imk-\-ß-fnepw ]Xn-s\-´p-\mSv Fs∂mcp hn`mKw Im∂p-∂p≠v sI®n-bn¬Xfn-bn¬ t£X-Øns‚ tcJ-bn¬ ]Xn-s\- p -\m- mcpw A[n-Im-cnbpw F∂p ImWp-∂p. ]m≠n-bn¬ cma-\m-ńse Hcp tcJ-bn¬ ]Xn-s\´p hnj-b-ß-fnse Bfp-IƒtN¿∂n-cp∂p Nne Imcy-ßƒ sNbvX-Xmbn ImWmw. cmPy-ßsf A∂p ]Xn-s\- mbn`mKn-°p-∂-]-Xnhv D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°mw.

19.iufio, thWp, kvX\n, i_-cn-Im, ]¶n-Xw, cmh-W-ss¶,kmcw-Kw,-\-¥p-Wn, \nd-sa-gp-¥-Æn, hoWm, ]n\mIwa‰pw hmtZym¬°-c-a-\p-X-cn-°n‚ KoXm-arXw tXtIƒ∏pt≠m hs∂m-fn-bn-e-a-cm-[o-i-K-‘¿∆-kwLmx?

iufin˛Hcp Xcw sN≠. thWp-˛-ap-f-¶p-g¬˛ HmS-°p-g¬, kvX\n Hcp-Xcw t`cn,i_-cn-I- -N-hp-cn,-]-¶n-Xw- -C-Sp-ap- n, cmh-W-ss¶ -ho-c-Ww, kmcw-Kw- -H-cp-Xcw hoW, \nd-sa-gpw˛ `wKn-bp-f-f, XÆn-˛-P-e-X-cw-Kw.

(KoXm-arXw F∂ KŸ]m-T-amWp kao-No\w. "hmtZym¬°c a\p Xcn-°ns‚hmZym-arXw F∂ ap.-]. Akz-c-k-amb ]p\-cp-‡n--bm-W-t√m. "tIƒ∏pt≠m h∂n-f-bn¬' F∂-ap. ]mT-Øns‚ ÿm\Øv "tIƒ∏pt≠m hs∂m-fn-bn¬' F∂mWp K.-]m.˛iq-c-\mSv).

20 h´-Øn¬t®¿∂-S-b-cp-S-en¬t®cp-a-t®m-cn-sh-ffwap -t°m-cn-°-gp-Ip-sa-gp-]mdpw IpSn°pw ]Imcwshń-°o-dn-∏-S-bn-ep-S-hmƒsIm≠p Iqdn´p thdn-s´ms´m-t´Sw \c-hcn ]c∂pw hncp-∂p-◊-Xpt≠m?

h -Øn¬ tN¿∂v- -h-f-s™-Xn¿°p∂, AS-b-cp-sS- -ssh-cn-I-fp-sS, DS-en¬ tNcp∂,tNmcn-sh-ffw˛sh-f-fw-t]mse Hgp-Ip∂ tNmc, ap -t°m-cn-I-gpIpw Fgp-]mdpw In´p-∂-h-Æw., ]S-bn¬h®v DS-bmƒ sIm≠p shń-Io-dn. Iqdn´v thdn- v- -]-tXy-IIw ]tXyIw]¶m-°n, Hs´m-t´-Sw, \c-h-c-˛-cm-Pm-th, ]cWw ˛]-cp-¥pw, hncp-∂p-◊-Xp-t≠m-˛-hn-cp-∂p-Æp-∂pt≠m?

("\r] ]d-h-cn∂pw hncp-∂p-◊-Xpt≠m' F∂p ap.-]m. "\c-hc]c∂pw hncp-∂p-≠p-sXmt≠m' F∂p K.-]m. ]d-h-Iƒ F∂-Xn\v ]-d-h¿' F∂p-]-d-bp-∂Xp icn-bmbcq]-a-√. KŸ-]m-T-Ønse "]c∂pw' F∂Xv "]cp¥pw' F∂-Xns‚ cq]m-¥-cw. "hncp¥v'"hncp∂v' BIp-∂-Xp-t]mse ]cp¥v F∂Xv "]cp∂v' F∂pw ]ns∂ "]c∂v' F∂pwcq]m-¥cw ]m]n-°p-∂p˛iq-c-\m-Sv).

ap -t°mcn ˛ \ndsb tImcn-sb-SpØv (izm-kw-ap- -Ø-°-hÆw) "Fgp-]mSpw' K.-]m.-C-Xn\v FºmSpw ˛ [mcmfw F∂v A¿Yw ]d-™m¬ IgpIw F∂-Xnse kap-®-b-Øn\v ]tbm-P\an√msX hcpw. "Fgp-]mdpw' F∂-Xn\p ap -°-gp-I≥ F∂p A¿Yw]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. ]mdv-˛-I-gp-Iv, ]cp¥p Fgp-]m¿ F∂-Xn\v Fgp-∂- ]m¿, Db¿∂p ]d-°p∂ ]cp¥v F∂m-bn-cn°mw A¿Yw. Im¬ Fgp∂ ]£n F∂pw Nne¿ A¿∞w]d-bp-∂p.

BZn-Xy-h¿a ]£n-Iƒ°v iXp-°-fpsS tNmc-sIm≠v hncp∂p \¬Im-dp≠v F∂pkmcw.-k-tµ-i-l-cs‚ iXp-kw-lm-c-Z-£X kqNn-Xw.

21.hymbmaw sIm≠-g-In-ep-Zn-Xm-tam-Z-ap-ss®-i-hm-hn˛∂mbmkw sNbvX-a-e-Xp-cKw \o Itcdpw Zimbmw]mWm-]mbw Icp-Xn\ Xpen-°≥]-S-t°m-∏n-s\ÆwsNm¬hp-≠t√m kpc-]-cn-j-Z-ma-s∏mSn®m¿Øp sN‚ v



hymbmawsIm≠p Ag-In¬, DZn-Xm-tamZw ˛ Btam-Z-ap-Zn-°pw-h-Æw˛ kt¥m-jw-tXm-∂-Ø° ]Im-c-Øn¬, Dss®-i-hm-hn∂v ˛ tZth-µs‚ Dss®-i-h v F∂ Aiz-Øn-∂v,Xpep-°≥]S- am-enIv I^q-dns‚ ssk\yw.

("]S-t°m-∏n-s\Æw ˛ ]S-t°m-∏n\v' F∂-Xn\v ssk\y-km-a-Kn-I-fpsS F∂v A¿Y-sa-Sp-Ømepw ssk\y-k-aq-l-Øns‚ F∂ A¿Yw Xs∂ h∂p-tN-cpw. Xpep-°≥]S-t°m∏v F∂p-]-d-™-Xp-sIm≠v NØ -Xp-ep-°-∑m-cpsS tijn® ]S-t°m∏v F∂pA¿Yw FSp-Øp-Im-Wp-∂p. ]mWm-]mbw Icp-Xn\' Ft∂ ]d--™n-´p-ff; arX-cm-b-h¿ F∂p ]d-™n- n-√. BZn-Xy-h¿Ω IpXn-c-∏p-dØp Ib-dp-tºmƒ Xs∂ Xpep-°-∑m¿ HmSn-Øp-S-ßp-sa∂pw, Ah-cpsS Hm -Øn¬\n∂p s]mßp∂ s]mSn-®m¿Øp- `o-cp-°-fmb Xpep-°-∑m-cpsS FÆ-sØ-∏‰n kpc-]-cn-j-Øp-I-tfm-Sp \nth-Z\w \S-Øp-sa∂pwkmcw. s]mSn-®m¿Øv F∂p-f-fXv BZn-Xy-h¿Ω-bpsS IpXn-c-bpsS If-ºn¬\n∂ps]mßp-∂-X-√, Xpep-°≥am-cpsS H´-Øn-\n∂p s]mßp-∂-XmWv F∂p Kay-am-Wv."s]mSn-®m¿Øp-t]mse' F∂ K.-]m-T-sØ-°mƒ "s]mSn-®m¿Øp sN‚ v' F∂ ap.-]m.-k-ao-Nn-\w˛iq-c-\m-Sv).

22.ap‰-Øt√m \\p kpc-]-tX-∂n-ev]p-X-°-ev]-hr£wap‰n-t°ƒ°pw hc-kp-c- nbpw hmcp-Wo-tlm-a-t[\psh‰n-°q-dn-√-dn-In-e-f-tI-i-∂p-aoti \ncmtiap‰pw \otb hcp-an-c-h-e¿°n‚p Ieym-W-ta-Lw.

kpc-]-tXx˛ kpc-]XnbpsS, ap‰-Ø-t√m-I-ev]-hr-£w, \nev]p-Xp-˛-\n-ev°p-∂-Xv, \\p˛]-kn≤m¿Yw. ap‰n-t°ƒ°pw-˛-ap-‰n, KmV-ambn ˛]-i-kvX-am-bn, tIƒ°pw-˛-tIƒhn-bp-ff ]kn-≤-am-b, hc-kp-c- nbpw DØ-a-bmb kpc`n F∂ Ima-t[-\p-hpw, hmcpWntlma-t[-\p-hm-Wv- -h-cp-Ws‚ bmK-t[-\p-hm-Wv."-\o-tb-h-cn-ep-an-c-h¿°n‚p F∂p ap.-]m.-F-h-cnepw Cc-h¿°p Ieym-W-taLw \o X-s∂-bmWv F∂n-h-nsS A¿Yw.

`n£m-S-\-Øn¬ H∂pw In´msX \ncm-i-\mb inh-\n¬ Ipt_-c\p t]mepw Aev]hpwIqdp tXm∂n-bn√ F∂v aq∂mw ]mZ-Øn\v A¿∞w ]d-bmw.B kml-N-cy-Øn-emWvBZn-Xy-h¿a Ieym-W-ta-L-ambn ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

23.C∞w \m\m Ipi-e-a-h-t\m-Sm]vXn-]q¿∆w hnNm-cn˛"®mÿm temtI hn]p-e-a-\km' sa‚pap¬s∏´p Im´o]m¿Yn-®m≥ X≥ Icp-a-a-hs\ ]m¿Y\o-bm-\p- mhwkzm¿Y ]Xy¿Yn-I-fn-se-hn-sS-°m-ap-Im\mw hnthIw?

C∞w˛ C]-Im-cw, Ah-t\mSv \m\m-I-pi-ew. B]vXn-]q¿hw-˛-B-]vXn-tbm-sS,hnizmk--tØm-sS, hnNm-cn-®n v Cßs\ ]e Ipi-e-]-iv\-ßfpw sNbv-Xn v, ]m¿∞\o-bm-\p- mhw˛]m¿∞n-°-Ø° amlm-fly-tØmSp IqSnb Ah-t\m-Sv,-X≥ Icp-aw- -X-\n°vBh-iy-amb Imcy-tØ-∏‰n ]m¿∞n-®p.kzm¿Yw ]Xy¿Yn-I-fn-se-hn-sS-°m-ap-Im\mwhnthIw? Fs∂mcp ]mThpw ImWp-∂p.

24.B¿Ø-Xm-W-]-hW Icp-Wm-hm-cnt[! Imap-Im\mwt\X-tiWo a[p-]-\-fn\ow thdn-cp-∂p-Æp-\oeowhm¿Ø-s∏-t´\l hnc-loWmw Rm≥ Xptem-an‚p-]m¿ta¬Io¿Øn-∏ms\m‚-cp-XXp ic-®-µn-Im-Nm-cp-Io¿tØ!

B¿Øsc c£n-°p-∂-Xn¬ Xev]-c-\m-b-h-t\,-Im-cpWy kap-Z-ta,-i-c-XvIme NµnIt]mse at\m-l-c-am-b-Io¿Øn-tbmSp IqSn-b-h-t\,-Im-ap-I-∑m-cpsS t\X-ß-fm-Ip∂ h≠p-Iƒ°v Xma-c-s∏m-bvI-bmb DÆp-\o-ensb th¿]n-cn-™-Xn-\m¬ Rm≥ `qan-bnse hnc-ln-I-fn¬ G‰hpw ZpJn-X-\m-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p.



25.kn‘pZzo-s]s‚mcp ]pc-hcw _nw_eo ]me-Im\mwtIƒ∏p-≠t√m PKXn hnZnXw taZn-\o-kz¿K-JWvUwXkvan≥ amc-∂n-\nb ]S-ho-Sp≠p aps≠-°-se-t∑m˛cn√w a√-°p-h-e-b-Zrimw ]mcn-em-cq-V-Io¿tØ!

`qanbnse kz¿K-sa∂v ]kn-≤hpw thº-\m´p cmPm-°-fm¬ ]men-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-amb ISp-Øp-cpØn F∂ tijvT-\-K-c-tØ-∏‰n tI´n- p-≠-s√m.-A-hnsS Ima-tZ-hs‚Hcp ]S-ho-Sp-≠v.-Icnw Iqhfw t]mse Ccp≠ IÆp-I-tfmSp IqSnb kpµ-cn-am-cp≈ap≠-bv°¬ hoSm-W-Xv.

26.Imtam-∑m-Zm¬°-\n-shmSp Na-™p¿hio \n¿hn-i¶w`qau `qao-iz-c-\n¬ acp-ho-Sn‚ \mƒ hnI-amtJyD≠m-bo-t]m-e-g-In-e-hƒ]m-IØp \n‚-Xy-pZmcwX≠m¿am-Xn≥ Ipe-\n-e-bamw hwi-ta-X¬ ]rYnhymw

\mbn-I-bpsS hwtim-Xv]Øn hnh-cn-°p-∂p.-D¿∆in Ima`m¥p aqew \n¿e÷wa\-k-gn-™p-h-im-bn´v hnI-a≥ F∂ cmPm-shmØp `qan-bn¬ ]m¿°p∂ ImeØvAh-fn¬ \n∂v Cu hwiw D≠mbn t]mepw.

27.Xkvan≥ hwti Xcp-W-\-b-\-ßƒ°p ]obq-j-[mcmXmcp-Wym\mw PKXn P\\o Xm¿N-c-∂kvX--imemXmcm¿am-Xn-∂-`n-a-X-kJn Xma-_nw-_m-[-tcmjvToXmcm-\mY ]Xn- -S-apJo XnÆ-sa-∂p-Æp-\o-eo.

Xcp-W-∑m-cpsS IÆp-Iƒ°v AarX-[m-cbpw temI-Øn¬ Xmcp-Wy-hn-em-k- w-Kn°vDev]Øn ÿm\hpw Imas‚ Bbp-[-im-ebpw e£van-tZ-hn-bpsS ]nb-s∏´ tXmgnbpwXpSpØ sXm≠n-∏gw t]mep≈ A[-c-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hfpw Nµs\ t\cn-Sm≥ X°apJ-Im-¥n-tbmSp IqSn-b-hfpw Bb DÆp-\oen Xo¿®-bmbpw B hwi-Øn¬ s] -hƒBIp-∂p.

28. -Rm\pw X\zo-Xn-e-I-a-hfpw IqSn hmSmX Im¥ymIma-Io-Um-N-]-eh-]pju tN¿∂p-d-ßn‚ t\cwIeym-WmwKow IY-a]n ]ncn-s®-ßt\ Rm\-dn™oses∂-ss°-s°m-≠-]-K-X-hXo Im]n b£o \nim-bmw.

Rm\pw X\zn-Iƒ°p Xne-I-amb Ahfpw IqSn Ima-Io-U-bn¬ De™ ico-c-tØm-sS-sb-¶nepw aßmØ Im¥n-tbmsS ]c-kv]cw tN¿∂p-d-ßp-tºmƒ Fß-s\-sb-∂-dn™p IqSm...-I-eym-Wmw-Kn-bmb Ahsf Hcp b£n F∂n¬ \n∂p th¿s]-Sp-Øn-bn´v B cmXn-bn¬ Xs∂ Fs∂ FSp-Øp-sIm≠p t]mbn.

29.ImX-Øn-t∑-ep-]cn KKt\ sN‚ t\c-Øp-W¿t∂˛\mX-]vtXm Rm\nl _lp-aXmw thdn-cp-∂p-Æp-\oeowt]Sn-t®‰w hnc-hn¬ \c-knw-lm-Jy-a¥w P]n-t®˛t\mSn-t∏m-bm-f-hƒ apdbp-an- ßp ssIhn- p \sΩ.

Hcp ImX-Øn-e-[nIw Dbsc BIm-i-Øn¬ sN∂-t∏mƒ Rm≥ DW¿∂p.-D-Æp-\o-ensb th¿]n-cn-tb≠n h∂-Xn\m¬ hnc-ln-bm-bn-Øo¿∂ Rm≥ AXy-[nIw ZpJn-X-\m-bn.-Gsd `b-s∏´ Rm≥ \c-knw-l-a¥w P]n-®p.-A-t∏mƒ B b£n Fs∂ hn´v\ne-hn-fn®v HmSn-t∏m-bn.

30.Xmßn-Øm-ßn-Ø-Z\p arZp\m amcp-tX-\m-\p-bmtXmaµw aµw ]p\-c-l-an-ssl-IX ssZhm-\p-Kp-Wym¬kΩqVw aman-hn-S-a-dn-bn-∏n-®n-Xw-t`m-P-\m`w]mSn-∏m-Sn-∏p-e-cn- ]p-Igpw Kmb-Im\mw hNmwkn



]n∂oSv Cuiz-cm-\p-K-l-Øm¬ arZp-hmb amcp-X-\m¬ Xmß-s∏´v Rm≥ Chn-tS°vsIm≠p-h-c-s∏- p.-]- m-X-Øn¬ io ]Zva-\m- s\ ]mSn-∏p-I-gvØp∂ Kmb-I-cpsS kvXpXn-∏p-Iƒ ZnMvtamlw ]‰nb F\n°v ÿe-ta-sX∂p hy‡-am-°n-Ø-∂p.

31 tZhw \Xzm `pP-K-i-b\w hmXnÂ amS- nÂ tahnþØmhpw s]◊m-∑n-gn-sbmSp ]ncn-t™sd \odo-Sp-sa-s∂,tahpw ]qhn-√-h-\p-ap-S-\n-°m-e-hpw, shÆn-emhpw,Iqhpw tIme-°p-bn-ep-a-g-In¬ sX‚epw sIm‚p-sXt√m

io]-Zva-\m- s\ \a-kvI-cn-®n´,v hmXn¬am-S-Øn-en-cp∂v hni-an-°p∂ kpµ-cnsbth¿]n-cn-™-Xn-\m¬ Gsd a\w s\m¥p-I-gn-bp∂ Fs∂ Ima\pw hne-kp-∂-h-k-¥hpw shÆn-emhpw Iqhp∂ at\m-l-c-amb Ipbnepw `wKn-tb-dnb sX∂epw tN¿∂vsIm√p-I-bp-≠m-b-t√m.

32 aps≠-°¬°-sßmcp Xne-I-am-ap-Æn-\o-eo-hn-tbmKwsIm≠n-∏q-a≥a-\-kn-P-i-ssc¿÷o-hn-Xm-]-∂-sa-s∂,I≠-t∏mtg I\n-shm-Sp-ap-W¿Øn-∏p-W¿Øn‚ \ns∂˛°≠n- n-t∏m-gbn _X! alm-\-µ-a-t`yXn tNX:

ap≠-bv°¬Ø-d-hm-´nse kpµ-cn-am¿°v Xne-Im-b-am-\-bmb DÆp-\oenbpsShntbmKw sIm≠v ,Im-as‚ ]pjv]-_m-W-ß-tf‰v ac-W-]m-b-amb Fs∂ Z¿i-\-am-X-bn¬Øs∂ kZbw Dt∑-j-Nn-Ø-\m-°n-Øo¿°p∂ Aßsb I≠n´v , Fs‚ a\ val-Ømb B\-µsØ ]m]n-°p-∂p.

33 Imam¿Øm\mw QSnXn arX-k-RvPo-h\w t]mw \n\s°˛t‚ma¬s∏-◊m≥ angn-Iƒ aZ-\m, tXdnt\mw Rß-sf,‚m¬\otb thWw \c-h-c, hnsc,-s™-ßƒ hm¿Øm-ap-W¿Øn˛°mam-]∂mw If- -K-a\mw t]m‰n, t]m‰o-Sp-hm-\mbv

N©em£nam¿°v Ima-\m-bp-t≈mt\ , Imam¿Ø-∑m¿°v s]s´∂p th≠ arX-k-RvPo-h-\-a¥w \n\°p hi-am-sW∂v Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂p.-A-Xn-\m¬- Fs‚ hm¿ØsbIma-]o-Un-X-bmb B kpµ-cnsb Adn-bn®v Ahsf c£n-°phm≥ cmPmth \o Xs∂thWw.

34 F‚m¬ \o t]mbvhS-a-Xn-c-bn¬s®≥dpI≠p-Æp-\oen˛sams‚dmt‚ a®-cn-X-a-dn-bn-®-tX-‰o-Sp-hm\pw\‚pw \≥dmbvhcnI Xncp-hp≈w \ns\-s°-∂nse∂pwa≥dn¬ Io¿Ønw aXp-a-X-hn-X-®o-Sp-am-Xn-®-h¿Ωm

c£n-°p-hm≥ BZo-Xy-h¿Ω Xs∂ t]mtb aXn-bmhq F∂-Xn-\m¬ \o t]mbvhS-a-Xn-c-bn¬(I-Sp-Øp-cp-Øn) sN∂v DÆp\oensb I≠v Fs‚ Ahÿ Hs∂m-∂mbnAdn-bn®v hnizmkw hcp-Øm≥ `qan-bn¬ Io¿Ønsb [mcm-f-ambn ]c-Øp∂ BZn-Xy-h¿Ωmth ,\n-\°v F∂n¬ I\n-hp-≠m-Is´. F√mw \∑-bv°mbn `hn-°s´.

35 A©mw-]°w; hc-anXp Xptemw; hmchpw hoc-aute!\mfpw \nt≥d \fn-\-h-\n-X-bv°-ºt\! apºn-teXv!taSw thWm-S-cn¬ aIp-Sta cminbpw; hmK-[o-i≥\mem-ta-S-Ø-b-ap-]KtXm-`q-Xn-Im-amJytbmK:

hoc-∑m¿°p auen-bmbn ]tim- n-°p-∂-ht\! thWm´p cmPm-°-∑m¿°p aIp-S-am-bn- p-≈-ht\! A©mw-]-°-amb CXv G‰hpw tijvT-am-Wv.-hm-chpw \√-Xv. BZysØ\mfmb AizXnbpw \∂v. cminbpw taS-am-Wv. hm°ns‚ Imc-I-K-l-amb hymg-am-sW-¶n¬ taSØns‚ \memw cmin-bmb I¿°-S-I-Øn¬ D®≥ .`q-Xn-Im-aw F∂p-t]-cp≈ tbmKw CXm D]-K-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. bmXbv°v F√mw sIm≠pw awK-f-I-c-ambaplq¿Ø-am-sW∂v kqN-\.

36 F≥dm¬tIƒ∏q hgn-bn-hnsS\n≥d°-S-sØ-Ø-em¥wsN≥ dm¬ ame-°p-g-en-Iƒ aWn-°-ßpW¿Øn≥dXpw \o;F√m-ta‰w \h-c-a-dn-bnt≥dm¿°p-an≥dp≈-hÆwtI´m¬ hm´w a\kn Ipd-bp-s©-øp-a¿∞m-¥-cmWn



ip -ap-lq¿Øw BK-X-am-bn-cn-°p∂p F∂-Xn-\m¬, ChnsS \n∂v at‰ A‰w-hscFØn-t®-cp-∂-Xn-\p≈ hgnbpw AhnsS FØn-bm¬ kpµ-co-c-Xv\-amb Ahsf Adn-bn-t°≠ ktµ-ihpw \o tI´mepw .F√mw ZrV-ambn Adn-bp-∂-h¿°v ,b-Ym¿∞-ambn tI´m¬ a\- ns‚ £oWw Ipd-™p-In´pw. Imcy-kn-≤n-bp-≠mIpw .

37 \m`o-]flw \nJn-e`ph\w Rmdp s]bvXm-∑-tbm\nw,\mtK-µ-t∑¬ _X! aXp-a-X-∏-≈n-sIm≈pw ]ncms\\mKm-cm-[n-≤z-P-s\, \hcw apºn¬ \o Ipºn-tS≠pw\m¬th-X-Øn≥ ]c-a-s]m-cpfmw \ΩptS Xºn-cms\

kIe temI-sØbpw krjvSn-®n´pw Bfl-tbm-\n-bmbn ÿnXn sNøp-∂-ht\ A\-¥-\n¬ lnX-I-camw hn[w ]≈n-sIm-≈p∂ Xºp-cms\, \mK-i-Xp-hmb Kcp-U≥ sImSnAS-bm-f-am-bn- p-≈-h-t\, \mep thZ-ß-fp-sSbpw ]c-a-s]m-cp-fmb \ΩpsS Xºp-cms\,\n›-b-ambpw BZy-ambn Ipºn-S-Ww.

38 the-s∏-Æn≥ap-e-bn¬ acphpw Nµ-\m-tam-Z-ctayNme-®o‰w s]cp-In-bp-cpIoSns‚ hnizw- -cmbm:tIme°Æn≥ ap\ I\-a-Iw-]p°p \n≥ am¿hn¬ aµw\oe-°-√m¬ hne-kn\ aWo-Iu-kvXp`w sh¬hp-XmI

e£vao-tZ-hn-bpsS ape-bn¬ acp-hp∂ Nµ-\-Øns‚ kpK‘w sIm≠v lrZy-amb Aß-bpsS amdn¬ AXy¥w tIm]w hf¿∂v sh¥p-cp-Ip∂ `qao-tZ-hn-bpsS at\m-l-c-amb I¨ap\ I\s° Aß-bpsS D≈n-te°v Xd-®p-I-b-do v Aev]mev]w \oe-°-√mbn ]tim- n-°p∂ IukvXp`w Pbn-°-s .

39 £ocmw-t`m[u `pP-K-h-c\mw saØ-ta-e-Xyp-ZmcwXmcm¿am-Xn≥ Ipfp¿ap-e-bpKw ]q≠p ]q¿Æm-\p-cmKw]mtc-gn∂pw Xpbn¿ Ipd-h-d-t∏m-°p-hm≥ ]≈n-sIm≈pwImcp-Wym-_vt[, Xh-]-Z-bpKw ]fl-\m- m, sXmgnt‚≥

]mem-gn-bn¬ k¿∏-ti-jvT-am-Ip∂ saØ-bn¬ e£vao-tZ-hn-bpsS Ipfp¿ap-e-Iƒh¿≤n® t]a-tØmsS ]pW¿∂v Ggp-tem-I-Øn-s‚bpw Zp:Jw A\yq-\-ambn C√m-Xm-°p-hm≥ th≠n ]≈n-sIm-≈p∂ Imcp-Wy-k-ap-Zta ,]-fl-\m- m, Aß-bpsS Xr∏m-Z-ßƒ Rm≥ hµn-°p-∂p.

40 ao\mbvthZm≥, Ia-T-h-]pjm aµ-cw, ]≥dnbm-bv]m¿,\mIm-[oiw \c-l-cn-cpNm am‰n-\m-am-Wn-bmbpw`q`rZ-£- p-c-cn-]p-Ipew cma-\mbv IrjvW-\mbpwsh≥dm, sh¬hm Ine PK-ZnZw Iev°n-bmbpw \akvsX

ao\m-bn´v thZ-ß-tfbpw ,Iq¿Ω-cq-]-Øn¬ aµ-c-]¿∆-X-tØbpw hcm-l-am-bn´v `qan-tbbpw \c-knw-l-ambpw hma-\-\mbpw Ah-X-cn®v tZth-µ-t\bpw \o c£n-®p.-]-c-ip-cm-a-\mbpw iocm-a-\mbpw ioIr-jvW-\mbpw Ah-X-cn®v bYm-Iaw `q`r-Øp-°-tfbpwcmh-WmZn cm£-k-∑m-tcbpw kpc-i-Xp-°-fmb ssZXy-∑m-tcbpw \o Pbn-®p.CutemIsØ \o I¬°n-bmbpw Pbn-°p-a-t√m.-A-tß°p \a-kvIm-cw.

41 \oe-kv\nKv≤w KK-\-X-eamw an°-ta¬°- n-X≥ Iogv]mem¿sh-≈-Øn-c-\nc Xcw-tN¿∂ t`mKo-µ-t`mtKam¿∆n¬ Xßpw aWn-h-c-a-lm-Zo-]ntI ]qhn¬am-Xn˛t∂ma¬ ]qWv]mbv sXfn-hn¬ hnekpw `mKy-ko-a≥ \akvtX

\oehpw kv\nKv≤-hp-amb BIm-i-am-Ip∂ anI® ta¬°- n-bpsS Iogn¬, ]mem-gn-Øn-c-Iƒ°p Xpey-amb A\-¥-i-co-c-Øn¬,am¿∆n¬ Xßp∂ tijvT-c-Xv\(-Iu-kvXp- w) amIp∂ al-Ømb Zo]-Im-¥n-bn¬,e-£van-tZ-hn-bpsS at\m-l-c-amb B -c-W-ambn sXfn™p ]Im-in-°p∂ ]c-a- m-Ky-hmt\ Atß°p \a-kvIm-cw.

42 hP-Iq-ssc≥∂-J-c-in-J-ssc¿±m-cntX ssZXy-ho-c˛∑m¿∆n-Ø-ßp-s∂-Snb IpS-cm¬ Nm¿Øp-a-Ωq¿Øn-Xs∂`‡-Xm-W-]-h-W-N-c-Wmw-t`m-cplw \mc-knwlw]ns∂-°p-ºn- -cp-fpI ktJ, sX°n-t\¬Ø-ºn-cms\



\c-knw-l-aq¿Ønsb h¿Wn-°p-∂p.-h-Pm-bp[w t]mse Iqc-ß-fmb \Jm-K-ßƒsIm≠p ]nf¿°-s∏´ ssZXy-ho-c-\mb lnc-Wys‚ am¿∆n¬ Xßpw (amdp ]nf¿∂v)-s\-Snb IpS¬am-esb Nm¿Øp∂ B aq¿Ønsb, `‡-∑msc c£n-°p-∂-Xn¬ka¿∞amb ]mZ-]-Zva-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb sX°n-\n-bn-ep≈ `K-hm-\mb \c-knw-lsØ]n∂oSv Ipºn- m-epw.

43 t`Zm-t`-Z-]-WnX ]pcm-tW-Xn-lm-km-K-am\mwtIZm-c-sØ-®n-c-a-Sn-sXm-gp-t‚m¿°p Nn¥m-a-Wnw, XwthZw \mem-°n\ ap\n-h-cw, hniz-th-Zm-¥-thZyw]mZmw-t`mtP sXmgpI Xckm hoWp k¿∆mw-K-\mY

A√tbm k¿∆mw-K-\mYm ˛ t`Zw At`Zw F∂n-h-sIm≠v ]Kp-Wn-X-amb]pcmWw ,C-Xn-lm-kw, thZw F∂n-h-bvs°√mw hnf-\n-ehpw ]mZw sXmgp-∂-h¿°vF∂pw Nn¥m-a-Wnbpw ,th--ZsØ \mem°n hn -Pn® ap\n-ti-jvT\pw, hniz-ØnseF√m thZm-¥-im-kvX-ß-fmepw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-h\pw Bb thZ-hym-ks\ ]mZ-]-fl-ß-fn¬ hoWp hµn-°p-I.

44 hnjz-Ivtk\w ]Y-a-aY \o Zo]-im-em-¥-cmtfcmaw cmam-\p-P-a]n l\q-a-¥-at¥ hWßn,cXvt\m-Z-©¬ I\-I-hn-f- o-a-WvUntX aWvUt] sN˛≥dXym-tam-Z-cm¬ sXmgpI hn\-Xm-\-µ\w \µ-kq\pw

]n∂oSv BZy-ambn hnf-°p-am-S-Øns‚ D≈n¬°m-Wp∂ hnjvWp-hn-t\bpwiocm-a-t\bpw e£va-W-t\bpw l\p-am-t\bpw ASp-Øp-sN∂v hW-ßn-bn´v , cXv\-ßƒ°p-Xpeyw Xnfßn ]tim`n-°p∂ s]m≥ ta¬°q-c-sIm≠v Aew-Ir-X-amb aWvU-]-Øn¬ sN∂v, AXy-¥-k-¥p-jvS-\mbn hn\-Xm-\-µ-\-s\bpw (K-cp-U≥) ioIr-jvW-t\bpw hµn-°p-I.

45 Dub¬∏q-sa-Ø-bn¬ acp-hp-a-°-Æ-\m-ap-Æn-Xs∂Ømtem-en®pw Xgp-In-bp-ap-S≥ \n≥dp sshIm-sX-hÆw,NqUmKwsIm≠-Wn-a-Xn-sXmSpw hmXn¬amSw ]pd-s∏˛´mcyw hocyw kzb-anh he-Øn´p \o Ipºn-S-ºn¬

Du™m-ense at\m-l-c-amb saØ-bn¬ InS-°p∂ DÆn-°r-jvWs\ Xmtem-en®pw Xgp-Inbpw \n∂v sshImsX, NqUmKw sIm≠v at\-l-c-amb Nµ-_nw-_sØsXmS-Ø-°-hn[w AXbv°p s]m°-ap≈ hmXn¬am-S-Øn-eqsS shfn-bn¬ h∂n´vhocya Xs∂tbm F∂p tXm∂p-am-dp≈ Bcys\ heØp sh®v `‡n-]q¿∆w Ipºn-Sp-I.

46 a≥dn¬ sN¬hw s]cnb Xocp-ssh-ºm-Sn-bn¬ IqSn-bm-Sn˛°≥dn¬°q-Sn-sØ-fn-shmSp Ifn-®o-Sp-sa≥ Xºn-cm-s\,Ipt‚-s°m-≠-ß-S-ag XSp-Øm-Øn-am(¿) hoSp-tXmdpwsN≥dm∏m¬ss\ ]cp-In-acphpw IÆ-s\-ss°-sXm-tg≠pw

a∂n¬ sFiz-cy-ta-dnb Xncp-h-ºm-Sn-bn¬ eoem-hn-tem-e-\mbn hkn®v , I∂p-Im-en-I-fp-ambn ckn-®p-I-fn-°p∂ Fs‚ Xºp-cm-t\..-Ip∂v sIm≠v AS-®p-]n-Sn®p s]øp∂ag XS-™p-\n¿Ønbpw tKm]-kvXo-I-fpsS hoSp tXmdpw sN∂v Ahn-sS-bp≈ ]mepws\øpw IpSn®p Ign-bp∂ B IÆs\ ssIh-W-ßWw.

47 Imen-°m-en-Ø-S-hn\ s]mSn-®m¿Øp-sIm-≠m-Ø-tim`w]oen-°-Æm¬ IenX-Nn-Ipcw ]oX-Iu-ti-b-hoXwtImepw tIme-°p-g-ep-an-bepw _me-tKm-]m-e-eoewtImew \oew Xh \nb-Xhpw tImbn¬ sImƒsI-ßƒ tNX:

Imen-I-fpsS Ipf-º-Sn-bn¬\n-∂p-b-cp∂ s]mSn-]-S-e-Øm¬ ]tim- n-Xhpw abn¬]o-en-°-Æp-Iƒ AWn™ Xe-ap-Sn-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bXpw ,a-™-∏´p [cn-®n- p-≈Xpw Imen-Isf tabv°m-\p≈ tImepw at\m-l-c-amb thWphpw ssII-fn¬ hln-®n- p≈ _me-tKm-]m-es‚ eoem-hn-em-k-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb \ns‚ \oe-\n-d-ap≈ icocw Fs‚ a\- n¬ \nXyhpw IpSn-sIm-≈-s´.



48 F‚ohÆw sXmgpXp hnS-bpw-I-≠n-\n°pw \ns\°pw\≥dpw \∑-bv°-g-sImSp `hm-\p-Æp-\o-en-°p-ta‰wH≥dn∂pw \o \c-h-c, he-Øn- p-sIm-≠ßp t\tcsN≥dm¬ Ipºn- p-cpfp Icp-Wm]mXamw t£X-]mew

F∂n-]-Imcw sXmgpXv , bmXbpw tNmZn®v F\n°pw \n\°pw DÆp\oen°p-sa√mw G‰hpw \∑-bv°p-th≠n A√tbm \c-hc! \o H∂p-IqSn he-Øp-h®v t\scsN∂v Icp-Wm-]m-X-amb t£X-]m-es\ Ipºn-Sp-I.

49 sshIpWvTw \o henb_en-]o-tTm]IWvTØn¬ t\tcIpºn- -ºn¬∏p-\-c]n ktJ, ]m¿∞-b≥ hmRvOn-Xm¿∞m≥kº¬]m]vssXy hncshmSp ]pd-s∏-s -gp-∂-≈n-Zm\owNº¬°p≥dn≥ s]cp-a-I-hcpw tKm]p-tc-Wm-]-tcW

\o henb _en-°-√ns‚ kao]w sN∂v ho≠pw hnjvWp-hns\ `‡n-tbmsSIpºn´v, CjvS-Im-cy-ßsf ]m¿∞n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn, kºXv ]m]vXn-°p-th-≠n, s]m≥\ndw ]q≠ tacp-]¿∆-XØns‚ hep-∏sØ AXn-i-bn-°p∂ ]Sn-™mtd tKm]pcwhgn thK-Øn¬ shfn-bn¬ Cdßn Fgp-∂-≈p-I.

50 At∏mƒ apev]m-S-W-b-h-gnta¬°m-Wemw tX he-Ø˛ßp∏q-s∏∂pw \nP-k-l-N-co-ap-∏-\-t`yXn hmamw;Xn¿∏m∏q ap∏-gIp s]mgnbpw hoc, awK-ey-iwkoap¬∏m-S-∏m¬ Ina]n N hew-]m´p ]mSpw hnbm\pw

At∏mƒ(-tKm-]pcw hn´n-d-ßp-tºmƒ)-ap-ºn¬ hgn-bpsS kao-]Øv ,A-ß-bpsS he-Xp-h-i-Ømbn,D∏v, D∏v F∂p i_vZn-°p∂ kpµ-cn-bmb Xs‚ kl-Nm-cnsb B¨]£n-bmb D∏≥ kao-]n-°p-∂Xp ImWmw.-ap-ºn¬Øs∂ Zqsc-bmbn awK-f-am-iw-kn-°p-amdv a[p-c-amb hnP-b-Km\w Be-]n-°p∂ Ipbn-en-t\-bpw, A√tbm Xr∏m-∏p¿ap∏phmWp ]tim- n-X-\mb hocm Atß°p ImWmw.

51 hoWm-hmWow hSn-hn-s\m-Sn-S-Ø-ß-Sp-Øp-Æn-bm-So˛taWm-¶∂pw sNdpXp Ipd-hm-°n≥d h‡m-c-hnµmwHmW-tºmte hnc-hn-se-gp-s\≈n≥d \nt∑¬ØZm\owImWmw Xqsh-◊p-dp-h¬a-e-cm¬ XqIn tahn≥dhmdv

52 ]ns∂-s∏m-∂n≥saXn-b-Sn-I-gn-®ßp X≠n¬°-tc-dn˛°∂-°-Æm¿ a\-kn-P, aXn-s∏´ tk\m-k-taX:]p∂-∏q-hn≥ ]cn-a-f- rXm amcp-tX-\m-\p-bmsXmaps∂-°m-Wm-an-b-hn-X-hnb \sS-°mhp \o ]n∂n-tSYm:

53 ]mepw s\øpw ]c- r-X-Kncmw hoSp-tXmdpw Ih¿t∂m˛tcma¬ss∏-X¬°nf-b-fnbn Rms\≥dp sN√n≥dt]mte]mtc-gn∂pw ]Y-a-P-\\ow ]m¬°p-f-Øn¬°-fn°pwtZho-tahw sXmgpI Znhn-j-tZz-jn-hn-tZz-jnWow Xmw

54 taXns®m√p-≈-kp-c-\n-hlw ]mcn¬\nt≥d‰n-am‰n˛∏mXn-s∏t´m Nne Znhn-jZmw ssa hf¿Øpw acp-t∂,ImXn-∏mºpw I\-I-cp-NnXw tXmSbpw tN¿Øp-Nm¿ØpwamX, »oX-Zyp-Xn-I-e-b-Wn-™w-_n-tI, ssI sXmgnt≥d≥

55 t\tc sN‚m¬ ]nb-k-J, hnsc-™w-_p-cm-ti-cp-ZmcwXocw-ImWmw ]pI-gvs]m-en-shgpw hoc(¿) tImt\, XZm\owHmtcmt‚ \n‚-Xp-an-Xp-ap-S≥sNm√n sshIn-∏-sX√mwt]mcmtXm ImW-Jn-e-a-dnbpw \ns∂m-So-\m- n¬\n‚ v

56 kXzw, Kw`o-c-X, hnSn-hn,-ºm-Sp, cXv\m-I-cXzwa‰pw ]m¿Øm¬ Xph-Kp-W-KWw tN¿s∂gpw hmcn-cminX∂n¬ Xßpw Xpc-K-in-Jn\m l¥ sh¥-‰n-Sn-t‚m≥at\y X∂m¬s]-cn-sIm-cp-]-Po-hn-Xz-an-√m¿°p-sa≥dv



57 a≠pw-am≥t\¿an-gn-I(ƒ) aZ-\m, a∑-Ym-cm-Xn-X-s∂˛Ø≥sIm-√-Øn-s∂m-cp-Xn-e-I-ta, Xn¶ƒNqSpw ]ncms\Im¨aq-]n-s∂-°-a-e-h-\n-X-bv°-º-t\, \n≥h-b-tº˛cmfpw Imfo-]n-X-c-sa-Xn-cn-√mX awK-ey-Io¿tØ!

58 B\-tØmtem sImSn-b-hn-jtam sh≈tam shs≈-entºmamt\m ao\-≤z-P-Np-S-ebmw IÆn-em¿°n≥d Xotbm\otdm thsd ]sd-In¬ ae-am-Xn∂p \n≥ssa I\-°˛°pd-hm-s\m≥dn\n-b-XXp sNmt√Xp ioXmw-ip-aute!

59 iwt`m, KwKm-[-c, Kncn-kp-Xm-\m-Y, ioXmw-ip-au-te,Imam-cm-tX, lc lc Ptb,-Xyp-®-ssI-cp-®-t\cw]qPm-Imew Ign-bp-a-f-hp-Ωq¿≤v\n _≤m-RvP-enkvXzwhmgvØn-°p-ºn- -cp-fn-apZm Xºq-NpSpw ]ncms\

60 amXw-Km\mw Ic-]-cn-K-f¬tkz-Z-kw-kn-‡-iotXamI-µm\mw XW-en¬ aW-en¬ Ip©n- n›e-©m-emssK:]n¶m-teIw IpSn-e-in-Ynew ]ø th®n- n-Zm\ow\nZm-bt¥ Xh hSn-shgpw hmPnt\m cmP-knwl!

61 C∞w sshXm-fn-I-\p-Xn-Kn-cm-a-¥cm bman-I-∑m˛ct∏mgv h∂n- -apXp s]men-hm≥ Ime-am-th-Z-tbbp:Xn¿∏m-∏q-°ns≥dmcp-Xn-e-Ita! \o Ign-®-ß-sX√mat∏mtg t]mbv s]mgnbp-ap-X-e-bm-e-¶nXw ]n∂n-tS≠pw

62 tImew tImepw Nh-cn-\n-Icw hob-ho-b-Ø-Zm\ow\oe-∏o-en-Ø-g-Iƒ \ngem a∂-sS-°m-hn-eqsS]mepw tX\pw sXmgp-X-sam-gn-am(¿) auen-bm-ap-Æp-\oenwNme-°m-Ωm-\p-g-dpI ktJ, ]pØnSw ap∂n-teXv

63 tNmWm-sS-√m-Ωp-f-Ip-]n-cn-b-t®m-gn-sb-°m-Sp-N-Øm≥thWm- n-°p-¥n-cn-a-a-gnbpw sh®n-bq¿s®≥dXpt≠mNmW-Iy-∂o-]-d-h-Xp-Xn-I-®m-®-\q-c¬°-apt≠mamWm-°n-∂m-s©-dp-ass\ aW-°m-Sp-t]m-Im-bvIn¬ \≥dv

64 B®≥tN-e-°n-g-b-g-In-sXm- -®n-bm-c-®p -Xn≥dmƒXp®oew \o ]d-h-Xp-I-\n-°m- n-\pt≠m ]tabwF®n-t®mdpw hnd-Ip-a-Sntb t\cp-thmcpw InS-ßq¿X®w-ImtS hcn-I-X-Sn-b-tºm-In-sem-√m-™p-Xn√

65 C¥-s∏m∂p°n\n-b-e-g-i-√-∏tc \mbn-\mtcmi¥-∏-ºm-S-hlf-g-i-∏n≈ ipWvUmw-Kn-sIm-≠m¿amb-t m-Zo-a-e-l-k-I-W-°p-≠p-tIm¿÷n-´-ssIt\XpΩ-kw-tL-ap-k-c-a-Zlpw I≠n-t\-km-°p-XmIm

66 F‚o-hÆw ]gn-Iƒ]-dbpw `mj-_-‘-ß-sf√mwHs≥dmt‚ tI´p-Zn-X-l-kn-Xw, tXmg, t\tc \S-∂m¬I≥dpw Ip≥dpw ]ncn-bp-an-f-am≥I-Æn-am¿am-c-t\, \oa≥dn¬Nme-∏p-I-gvs]m-en-shgpw hev°-se-s®¬I ]ns∂

67 Ipµ-kvta-cm-\-\-a-Xn-apZm cp‹nWo sIm¶-bn-t∑¬\nµn-®oSpw \c-I-a-Y\w \µ-tKm-]ky kq\pw,aµw aµw a[p-c-a-[pcw thWp-am-Iq-P-b-¥w,hµn-t°Ww hc-Kp-W-\n-t[, hev°-se-Ø-ºn-cms\



68 thtK\ Xzw hSn-hn¬ \S-sIm-≠ßp ap¬∏mSp tahpwImfow tZhow sXmgpXp ]ngbpw ]ns∂ \o ]n∂n-em°ntImfw-_mJymw \nP-Ip-e-]pcow Iq]-[m-co-iz-cmWmw\msfm≥dpt° kap-Zm-b-hXow ImÏ k¿∆mw-K-\mY!

69 Gjm `qjm-a-Wn-cnh `pthm l¥! thWm-S¿tIm\pw\obpw ]men-®-]-K-X- bw h¿≤nXm \mfn¬ \mfn¬Ctµm-t]µ £]nX ZnXn-tPm-]-Z-hm-aZy at\y\mWn-°n-t‚m-f-a-c-\-Kcow \ma-am-Xm-h-tijmw

70 sNm¶pw Nº-Wm-bn-ap-S-\p-S≥ h∂ tNmWm-S\pw sIm˛≠mIm-a¥o Pe-[n-a-Jnew \n∂psS Io¿Øn-t]mses]m∑m-Sm\mw aWn-a-Ip-Samw \mhp-sIm-s≠-®n-em°nIqS-°q-S-°-S-en¬ apgp-In-®w-_p-Pm≥ tJZ-b¥o

71 cay-io-a-∂-b-\-kp- Kw a‰p-tamtcm ]Zm¿∞m∂m´m¿ h¿Æn-∏Xp ]p\-cnZw tIhew sIm√-sa‚ vF≥dmeo-tI-gp-e-InepanXn-s∂m-∏-an-s√m≥ddo-∏m\vsXm√w sIm√w `h-Xp-\n-Xcmw ]ns∂bpw sIm√-tah

72 hoWm-hm-Wow, hn]p-e-P-L\mw, Xma-_nw-_m-[-tcmjvTow,£oWmw-a-t≤y, Ink-e-b-ar-Zp-kv\n-Kv≤-ap-Kv≤mw-K-tc-Jmw,]qWm¿sIm-¶-°-e-i-\-anXmw an° sh≈q¿ hnfßpw\mWow ImWmw hgn-bn-ep-St\ h∂p-\n-ev°n≥dhmdv

73 hmcn-t∏m-°n, ∏g-hp-a-Sbpw N°bpw \ev°-cnºpwtacp-°p≥dn≥ ]cn-Np, acphpw _meIw Nµ-aute:aqcn-Øn-t -°-gIp s]mgn-bn-°n≥d amXw-K-h‡wNmc-s®≥dß-Sn-a-e-cn¬hoÆ-RvPkm ssIsXm-tg≠pw

74 t\sc ]ns∂ ]nb-k-J, ]\-ßm-h-\-Øn-∂-Iw-]p˛°mcm-hw-sIm-≠-Jn-e-P-KXmw ss`chow ss`chow Xmw,\ocm¿∂oSpw Icn-ap-In¬ \nd-sIm≠ \n≥ aqe-Xmsbt°mcn-t®m-cn-°-S¬ ]cn-Ip-a-°m-fn-sb, ss°sXm-tg≠pw

75 At∏m-gm-Xn-®-]p-c-a-a-cn≥d∏-s\-ss°-h-Wßn˛Øn¿∏m-∏q-°ns≥dmcp Xne-I-ta, \o \S-t∏m-cp-t\cwXm\-Øn-∂mbv XZ\p Npg-e-∏p°p tkhn®p \ns∂˛t∏mta `´m-c-W¿ Ine hn]-£m-knIm: ]qPy-]mZm:

76 A¿∞n-ti-Wn-°-`n-a-X-êw \evIp-hm≥ ]mcn-PmXwhnZz¬ ]flm-I-c-Zn-\-Icw, hniztemssI-I-Zo-]w,ap‰p-°qSpw s]cnb ]c-N-tIjp NIm-b-am-Ww,I‰-°m¿a≥]p-cn-Ip-g-en-am¿am-c-s\,-°mÏ ]ns∂

77 the-s∏-Æn-∂-g-Ip-s]m-gnbpw IÆ-s\, t∏mcn¬ am‰m¿aqe-Ønt∂ apSn-hn-s\mcp ap°-Æ-s\, ∏pWy-Io¿tØ!thcn-s®m-√m¿ a\-knP! Ib¬°-Æ-s\,s®≥dp t\tctImcn-ss°-∏q-∏p-S-\n-c-hn-h¿Ωm-Jy-th-Wm-S¿tIms\

78 Akva-Zzm¿Ømw apgp-h-\-dn-bn-∏n®p amº-≈n-sb-s°m˛≠ev]kvtacm¬ \an-X-h-Z\w hoc, \nevt]mcp-t\cwapt∂ \Ωn¬°-\n-hp-I-\-ap-≠m-I-bm¬t∏m-I-t]m-sI˛≥dt∂ \nt∂m-S-h-\-h-\n-]m-sse-I-hotcm hnc™v



79 cXv\-timWo I\-I-\n-Nbw ImgvN-bpw-h®p Im◊m≥an∂n-°qSpw ]p\-c-dn-Intem \mhn-Im\mw \nImbwAt∏mtg \o \c-h-c, ]pd-s∏´p aqh-¥n-t\cwap®-¥n-°¬ Npg-e-a-cphpw hmWnbw ImÏ ]ns∂

80 X´w Iń¬I-bdp he ssI°- n¬ a©ń sIm´˛sΩm´pw apń¬°-c-bp-a-cnbpw s]ńbpw ]´p-\qepwBSpw NmSpw IpSbp-a-Sbpw ]™nbpw ap™-thcpw\qdpw tNmdpw Npd-bp-a-dbpw Imcn-cpºpw Icnºpw

81 Iqc≥ tNmg≥ ]ghcn Id-s°m-ßWw shÆ-I-Æ≥tamS≥Im-S≥ Ipdp-h-sIm-Sn-b≥ ]¶n-s]m-¶m-fn-sN-s∂¬B\-t°m-S≥ Infn-bnd I\-ßm-cn-b≥ hochn-Ø≥ImWmw a‰pw ]e-hn-[-ap-S≥ s\√p IeymW-Io¿tØ

82 tImem-aq-ß≥ NpdIp sImgp-ao≥ sIm©p ]ºmS ]p∑o≥tN¿ao-\m-c¬ NpdIp Icn-ao≥ sIm≠¬ao-\-ßn-I≠nIqao≥ tN¿ao-\-bnse sRcn-ao≥ Nqf-Iƒ ]mf-\-¥≥a‰pw ao\n≥\n-c-I-f-hn-sS-°m-Wemw hnev°p-amdv

83 Gew tImew ISpIp XIcw Ip¥n-cn-°p-¥n-cn°wtNm\-∏p√pw NpIn-ep-a-Ipepw \mInew XpØn-\mIwXoºq-I-©m-hp-ep-h-hn-Sbw am©n-a-s©ń sIm´wNmXn-°mbpw ]e-hp-a-hn-sS-°m-Wemw tX acp∂pw

84 IkvXq-cn-s°m-≠n-cp-]-Xp-]Ww IØn-sIm-≠p-≈n-Xm\o]pØq-cnt°m ]pSh? ]pd-sa-¥p≠p \n≥ ssIbn¬ an®w?]tØm-I-≠q-]-cnN]\n-\o¿ a‰p-ap-t∂-Xp-\√q,IptØm-Im-sNm≥dnXn-\p-X-c-am-s©m-√q-\o-Im-cn-tXhm

85 N°n-∂p-t≠m-]-cn-N-Xp-h-\q-®-°-Sn-s°´p ImNp˛≠t°m¬sImt≠m anf-Ip-X-c-In-∂-°-Sm-\-ºn-bmSnNn°m-Wnt m Zpl-\p-in-Xn-tbm-]m-cn-Xm-bm-sc-tbtbmIpt°m-Ip-÷oIpfncn-Ip-\n-b- lvanXp-lvta-`-Wml

86 C∞w hnev°pw hnhn-[-hn-]-Wn-Z-hy- m-jm-hn-ti-jm≥I≠pw tI´pw ]gIn apgp-h≥ IuXpIwhn´p \o t]mbv,Nn¥n-t®‰w aa kl-Ncow thK-hm-\m-Inepw sN˛≥d¥n-°m-ew, \c-hc, Icn-∏q-°fw ]qI ]ns∂

87 At∏m-fp-Zy¬°p-fp¿a-Xn-ap-Jo, taL-cm-Km-[-tcm-jvTo,Npg-Ømgpw Xnan-c-Nn-Ip-cm, Nmcp-Xm-cm-i-amw_p:In©n¬°mWmw Ipap-Z-l-kn-Xm, \q\-sa-∂p-Æp-\oenwIma-Io-Um-c-k-hn-ep-fn-Xmw-X-s∂-b-t\z-Xn-k‘ym

88 A¥n-tØ-hm-c-hp-a-i-\hpw im¿h-c-©m-]n-IrXzm_‘p-kvt\-lm-Zn-Z-a-]-\-b≥ \nZbm bm\-tJZwkn‘p-Zzo-]w-]-Xn- b-Zp-]tX, t]mh-Xn-s∂m´p cmthhµn-tiWo a[p-c-h-N\w tIs -gp-t∂¬° ]ns∂

89 IqsS-∏n-s∂-°pfn hb-d-bn- ßp tXhm-chpw ]p˛°oSn-°qSpw ZznP-]-cn-th-jtZ \nXy-Zm\w hn[mbtIS-‰oSpw KpW-K-W-\n-t[, Nmcp-am-]m-cXw tI˛t´mSn-s°m-≠-ß-g-In-se-gp-\-≈o-Sp-kw-Km-a-[oc!

82



90 ]ns∂-∏m¿tiz ]pXnb s]mgnbpw tXmg, ]qss°-Xbpw \o]n∂n- -ºn¬sØm-gpXp hgn-ta¬ ]∑-s\-°-ºn-cms\Nn∂-®m¿Øn≥ Ipc-en¬ apcfpw Imfhpw sImºp-sa√mwap∂n¬sØmßpw ]S-sb-d-I-S-∂oSp It≥d‰n ]ns∂

91 tXSn-s°m-t≠m≥dg-In-e-e-cn-I-Ø-ø¬a-øm¿∂ IÆn˛t´m,-S-®m¿Øn¬ Npg-e-hn-Xdpw apØp-sIm-≠-Xyp-Zm-cw,thS-°m- n≥ ]cn-N-g-sI-g-s®-ßp-a-sØ-ßp-sIm-≠˛ßoSn-°qSpw \nJn-e-hn- hw aq∂n-te-tXm-S-\mSv

92 A¿∞-]m]vssX I\-a-Sn-Ip-fp¿t m-a-h-Xv]o-Un-Xm\mwh®p-∂o¿h-®p-Xphp ]n_Xmw tIhew hmh¬t]mte_n`m-Wm\mw hng-ap-Xn-c-h-Xv°-Øn-taImw ZznPm\mwImWmw apev]m-Sn-Sbn-en-S-bn¬ XX tZim-¥-cmWn

93 Xkvan≥ Imb-¶p-f-h-c-fth ap°-cn°ndpXm-In¬]m≠n-s°-´m-ep-]-K-X-an-sX≥dmØ-tIm-]m-Ip-em£:hoc-io-a-∑p-Ip-c-ap-S-hmƒ \osb-Sp-∏m-\-Sp-°˛t∏Sn-°nt≥d≥ hgn-bn-e-Xp-sIm-s≠m´p sshIo-Sp-sa≥dv

94 GWm-£oWmw Ipe-Xn-e-I-a-ap-Æp-\o-en°p hmWmƒ\oWm-fm-hm≥ \ncp-]-a-Kp-W-Km-a,-th-tK\ t]mtºmƒ_mWm-tc-kvXXv`h-\-bp-Kfw ]n∂n-en- ßp sN≥dm¬ImWmw Imb-¶p-f-anXn Ipfp¿Øo-Sp-a-ßm-Sn-Xs∂

95 ]qs¥m-sØ∂pw Ipfp¿ape Npa-t∂m-a¬ h‡w hWßnIn©n-®-©-∑-[p-]-h-N\w sIm≠p sIm≠mSn aµwam¿§m-]mt¥ ae¿\nc sNmcn-™-∂-S-°m-hn-se-ßpwh√o-_m-e-Ø-cp-Wn-I-fp-S≥ ImWemw \nev°p-amdv

96 hnßn-s∏m-ßn-®n-X-dn-\-a-e¿tØ-d¬ ]oXzm-abßn,Xßn-Ø-ßn-Ø-cp-Wn-Iƒ apse-°p≥dpss®-cp-dßn,Xnßn-Øn-ßn-®p-g-e-h-cn-h-≠n-≠-bmw, I≠n-bq-cn¬˛∏ßn-∏-ßn-∏-cn-a-f-sa-gpw, sX≥d(¬)-hobpw XZm\ow

97 I‰-°m¿a-¶p-g-en-I-sfmtcm cmK-t`Zw ]pW¿Øo˛´n‰n-t‰mepw a[p-c-k-abw Nn¥p-]mSpw Zimbmwap‰w tXmdpw Infn-I-f-Xn-s\-t°- n-cp-∂-I-Wt°ap‰pw ]mSn≥dS-abn kt-J, a‰-a-tß-Xp-]ns∂

98 X´m≥]q¿∆w hgn-bn-e-g-Im¿∂-ºew ap∂n-ep-≠˛sßmt´ sshIo-Sn-ep-a-hnsS \n≥dºn-eßmSnbq-tS,Xo¿Xzm-]mew \r]-h-c, hetØ \S-∂n-≠¬ Xoc˛Ø≠m¿amXpw acp-hp-a-hnSw I≠n-bqcmw ]tZiw

99 I≠w h≠n≥\n-d-ap-S-b-s\,-°-¶-\o-tcmSp Xn¶ƒ˛®p≠w Nm¿Øpw ]c-s\, hc-am-Xn∂p ssa ]mXn-tbms\,a≠pw at\¬°-c-s\,-b-c-s\,-°-ºn-]m-ºm-°n-tbm-s\˛°t≠ t]mhm≥ Xc-a-hnsS \o I≠n-bq¿Ø-ºn-cms\

100 amt‰dpw \¬°-\-I-I-eiw sh≥d t]m¿sIm¶-Xm-ßn˛°mt‰m-SmSpw \fn-\-an-gn-bmƒ t]m∂p-\n≥ apºn¬h∂ptImt‰≥ sh√pw samgn-sN-dp-Xp-c-s®∂ Iq -Øn(¬)-\n-s∂˛t∏m‰o, sshIn-®-cp-fp-In-en-\n-s°m´p h√m-bva-Nme



101 B´w h√pw ]cnNp angnbpw sX‰p-am-fm-a-Wn-°o-gv˛∏m´pw tImem-l-e-a-g-sIgpw tImehpw Inw]-emss]:\m´n¬s®m-t√-dn\ sNdp-I-sc-t®-cp-sa-∂p-Æn-bmSowho´n¬s®-√m-bvIn-ep-abn ktJ, I≠p-In- n≥dpXp≠mw

102 hoW-hmWow hSn-hn-s\m-Sp-Sp-tØm-cp-Im-hn-Ø-Sp-∏n≥tImWm¬ t]m¿a≥ ape-bn-W-a-sd-®-ßn-t\-Xm≥ Na™vthWo- mtc Ih-cn-I-f-Wn-™ßp am¿t§m-]-IWvtTImWmw apØq-‰-a-cp-an-f-b-®n-°-b¬°-Æn-Xs∂

103 ImWmw ]ns∂-°-a-e-h-\n-Xm-am-\t\ hmNn-hmWowhmt◊¬ hocinb-a-]n-h-ln-°n≥d hnJym-X-Io¿ØnwXq¨ta-ep≠mw \c-l-cn-\n`w sNs≥dXn¿t∏m¿°p-\nXywImt◊m¿I-Æn-∂-ar-X-I-c-\m-tam-S-h-∂mS¿tIms\

104 F√m-\mfpw \nP-k-ap-Zbw sNm√n \nZm-hn-lo\wZrjvSzm tZhw apc-hn-P-bn\w ]mWvU-h-s∂≥dt]mte\ns∂-°m-Wp-sºm-gp-Xn-c-hn-h¿Ω∂p at\y XZm-\o˛s\t∂! ht≥dmc-\p- -h-ckw Xs∂bpw ta¬h-gn™v

105 B\-µm_v[u apgp-In-ap-gpIn s]mßn \oßn-Øp-S-ßo˛t≥d\w kw`m-hb bZp-Ip-em-[o-i, kwt`m-P-\mssZy:]√n-√m-™-√gIps]m-gnbpw t]a-thKw apgp-∏m≥sIm≈p≥dqXm-\-cp-W-a-Wnhm Xºew h√-`mb:

106 aµw aµ-kvan-X-\n-Icmw Nmcp-I-∏q-c-cminwt\m°mw \oe-°p-h-f-a-ecpw Im®-h-s®≥dt]m-te,ImWpw \ns∂-Ø-Z\p Ia-\o-bmw-Knht≥d‰-a-ºp˛t‰Wm-£oWmw Ipe-aWn Ipdp-ßm´phmgp-Æp-\oeo

107 an∂pw an∂¬s°mSn-cnh Nnc-ÿm-bn\o Im¿ap-In¬°o-gv˛s®≥d∏q-hm¿Ip-g¬ \ng-se-g-t®¿∂ Nmtº-b-Kuco\ns∂-∏qWpw \b-\-\n-g¬sIm-≠-°p-dp-ßm´ c≠mwI∂-°-Æmƒ XZ\p I\n-thm-Sp-Æp-\oeo keoew

108 \Ωn¬®me-°-\n-hp-I-\-ap-≠m-Inepw hoc-auteXΩn¬°mWpw s]mgp-Xn-c-hn-h¿Ω∂p as‰m≥dp tNX:F≥dme-kva¬ ]nb-an-X-h-s\-°≠p sNm√n-®p-sImƒhm≥\t√Sw Rm≥ IY-a]n hg-ßn≥dpXm-cq-V-Io¿tØ!

109 FÆ-‰oSpw KpW-k-ap-Zbw tN¿∂n-Wßpw Ipdp-ßm˛´pÆn-®-°n-°-S¬h-\n-Xbmw a¬]n-bm-t]-a-_t‘m:I¿Æ-tØmfw s\Snb IpSn-e-°¨hn-em-k-ßƒ \nt∑¬]pWy-Øm¬ hn∂n-S-s]-Sp-Inepw tXmg, sshIm-X-th≠pw

110 Nmt¥m¿t∂Xpw IpN-`-c-\-Xmw, Nmºn-am-gvIn≥dt\Xmw,]qt¥-t\mepw a[p-c-h-N-\mw, ]q¿Æ-eo-em- n-cm-amw,t]mtºm-gm-º¬]n-b-X-a-ap-Jo-a,-°p-d-ßm´p tahpwNmtº-bmwKow aln-X-Nn-cp-tX-ho-ap-S≥ ImWemw tX

111 ]nt‰-∂m-sfm-s -Xnsc adn-am≥IÆn-am¿ amc-t\, \oa‰w ]n∂n- n-\n-b-]p-gbpw I≠n-bqtc htc≠pw;I‰-°m¿ a¶p-g-en-Iƒ N≥dp√-kn°pw ]tZiwap‰-s®-∂n-Øe acp-I-sc-Ø-ºn-em-tem-I-tbYm:



112 tNma≥ I≠w NS-bn-e-Wnbpw Xºn-cm-t\m-Sp-thtdIma≥ Xt∂m-Sn-\naXn hg-s°≥dnse∂pw hen™pwIqa-ºm-®≥ a[p-c-h-Nkm t]m¿s]m-cp-Øo-Sp-taSw\maw sNm¬hm-\-cp-X-hn-Shpw I≠p Ipºn- p-t]mI

113 XqIpw ]qt¥≥ ]cn-a-f- cw \ºp-tXmepw \S-∏m≥tahpw Imhpw ]Yn-bp-gdn \o Xn¿°p-d-≠n°p sN≥dvtZhw Xkvan≥ sXmgp-Xp-h-gn-ta¬\n≥dp t\tc \S-∂m¬Iqho-S-∏m¬ ]Yn ]\-b-\m¿Imhp awK-ey-Io¿tØ!

114 Is®-s°m-°-°-Xn-\s\ apdn-®p-®-ssI¿±n-§-tP-µm˛\®-®t®m! inhinh! alm-tLm-c-tam-tcm-bp-Km-t¥,]®-t®m-cn-°fn shXp-sh-X-t°m-cn-bm-c-°p-Sn-t®m˛sc®n¬ØnÆw Xh hnb-ZnZw tZhn, Xp`yw \tamkvXp

115 C∞w hmgvØn-sØm-gp-sX-cn-I-\¬°-Æ¿ IÆn¬ X\pPmwatØ-t -µm≥ Xe-s]m-cp-Xp-S≥ ImXn-en- -Ω-Xs∂DƒØq¿s∂ßpw aI-c-\n-hlw tXmg, \n¬°n≥dXpw I˛≠Xym-tam-Zme ]p\-cbn ktJ, ]mehpw ]n∂n-tSYm:

116 ap¬∏m-S-kvan≥ ac-hp-a-N-e-s∏-Æn-s\-ss°-h-W-ßn˛Øo¿∏m-∏q¿ aq∏p-Sb aShm¿am-c-t\, \o hnsc-™v,Ft∏mgpw \n∂p-Sa IcpXpw cmbn-c-t£m-Wn-]m-ew,sIev]m¿∂oSpw aln-X-Nn-d-hm-ho-c-s\, °≠p-t]mI

117 ssIX-°m-s -°p-h-e-b-Zrimw ]m´p-tI- -ßn-cp-∂m¬Imew sshIpw s]cn-I, \nc-W-Øn∂p t]mhm≥ hg-tß≥F≥dm¬∏m-cn¬ ]Yn-X-Nn-d-hm-bv°n-√-am-sX≥Xp-cn-Øn˛°qS,-°q-S-°-gnI ]g-hmsd≥dpsNm√pw NSßpw

118 hoSp-s≠t√m XZ-\p- -htXm apºn-em-b-Wo-]m¿ta¬amS-ºo-\m-a-hnsS hkXmw [\y-amhpw \nhmkwamSw-sN≥dßp-Up-]-Xn-Iemw NqSn amtX-hcm-hm≥tXSnt≥dSw ]p\-c-hn-sSbpw sN¬I t]mcpw Zimbmw

119 saØpw aØ- -a-c-ap-Jcmw aØ-am¿ t]m¿ap-e-sØm˛Ønt≥da¬°-f-`-I-b-fn-bn¬s∏m-ßp-aw-t`m-cp-lmVymwXØn-Ø-Øn-s®-dp-Xn-c-I-fn¬t®¿∂-ap-‡m-em]wsImØn-s°m-Øn-°p-cp-In¬]-cp-I-t®¿∂-Xo-cm-`n-cmamw

120 ]ns∂-∏n-∂n- aek-eemw Xmw \Zow hmS-ta-t]m˛bv°∂-°-Æm¿ Ipkp-aic, \o h√-hm-bv°-ßp-sN≥dvD∂n-Zm-W-]-k-h-\n-k-c¬t°-k-tcm-Zym-\-hm-ssX˛cp∂n-°maw aXn-e-I-aIw ]qI `q]m-e-aute!

121 s]m¬∏q-am-Xn¬ Ipfn-cn-f-ap-e-sØm-Øn-semØn≥dtImewI¿∏q-cm-]q-cn-X-a-e-bPw Nm¿Øp-am-\-µ-aq¿ØnwXo¿∏m-∏q¿hm-Æ-arX-I-c-t\, h√-hm-bvt°m-bn¬sIm-≈n˛≥d∏≥X-s∂-sØm-gpI ag-tIm-en≥d \oemw-_p-Zm`w

122 At∏mƒ \ns∂-sØ-fn-hn-en-f-a-Æn-°-c-t®-cn-a‰pwXkvan≥ tahpw t]cn-b-a-S-hm¿ h∂p Xm¥m≥ apXn¿∂vDZy¬t°m-em-l-e-ap-]-N-cn-°n≥d kXw s]mdp-∏m˛\®t®m ImW-cpXp hgp-Xn-s°mƒI \o Iui-te\

85



123 Ipºn- -ºn¬ XZ-\p-hn-\Xm\µw X≠nte-dn˛s®sºm¬°mfw sXfp-sXf apXn¿∂w-_-tc-ta¬ap-gßhºp-‰oSpw ISp-Xg Npg≥dßp t\sc \S-∂m¬apºn¬°mWmw ]Yn Icn-b-\m-sS≥dp t]cmb Imhv

124 Nqgw hbv°pw s]cn-b-hn- hw t\m°n-\m-ep-®-tbmfwtImgn-t°mSpw ]p\-c-Xn-s\tSm sIm√hpw Xpey-a-√,Bgn-s∏Æpw \nJn-e-P-\hpw sshIn-\m¬ hmßp-a-kvan≥,tImg-bvt°mSpw sNdnb Ipdp-am¿t]m-ep-an-√-ßp-]ns∂

125 apØq‰w tN¿∂-Wn-ape ]ncn-™p≈ amcm-Xn-tcIwapØq-‰n≥dq aa ]p\-cXßpÆp-\o-en°p sNm¬hm≥apØq-‰n-t®¿∂n-\nb ]pgbpw ]n∂n-en- -‘-Kw-Km˛apØocy Xzw hnc-shmSp ktJ, \mep-tIm-Sn°p sNevI

126 ap°mew sN≥dna-b-h¿ sXmgpw Xn¿s°m-Sn-Øm-\-a-ºn˛≥d°m¿h¿Æ≥ Nc-W-bp-Kfw Iq∏n t\sc \S-∂m¬sX°n≥Iq-d-ßXp Ign-shmfw ImSn-SØpw heØpwant°-SØpw ]p\-c-hn-Stam Rm\p-W¿Øn≥dpXn√

127 AtK ImWmw XZ\p aWn-I-WvTm-Jy-]q¿hw ]pcw tXsX°n≥Iq‰n-s∂mcp aWn-hcw XX-tahpw ]p(-ap)-cmcnw`‡ym \o sN≥dg-sImSp sXmgp-t∂-I-ao-im-\-tImtWXn°n-t°ƒ°mw ]Yn-I-\n-hlw \n≥dsg-°n≥dhmdv

128 N¿®n-®mepw Nc-W-a-Xn-\n-°p-≠-Xn≥dpa-kvan˛s∂mt´Sw sNm√-hn-S-a-cp-X-ß-Ω-sb-t°- p-sImƒIsXm´p-◊≥ Rm≥ Xpfp-h-\p-d-ht∑ ]I-t∂-S-saßpkZy-°mcm ]d-b-\-hn[m tImse-Sp-s°- p-]mgm

129 Fs≥d√mw tI -hn-sS-bp-f-\m-am-In¬ \o _nw_-eoiwsh≥dn°p≥dns∂mcp Xne-Iamw cma-h¿Ωm-`n-[m\wI≠n-t´‰w hnc-hn¬ acp-hm¿ Ime-t\, sshIn-bmsXsNs©tΩ t]mbv aln-X-Xn-cp-hm-s©-∏p-sg-°-ßp-sNevI

130 hnt]-µm-Wm-a-`n-P-\-hXmw hmk-k-t¶-X-ko-am˛ta\mw Pm\p-Zz-bk a[p-c-kz-—-\o-cm- n-cmamwOX-tiWo hnc-NnX \S-∏-¥-eqtS ISt∂XX-Xym\mw hnhn-[-a-hn-[m-\m-Zhpw tI´p-sImƒI

131 tNmcn-s®-∆m-a-e-cn¬ a[pcmw, Nmen-bn¬t®¿∂p-]q-t¥≥tImcn-Øqhpw hN-kn-e-fnXmw, tIma-fmw, awK-fmwKow]mcn-°m-≠mw-Ip-f-an-X-a-a¿t∂m-a-se-°-≠p-t]m-hm≥Nmc-Ø-√m-™-bn-N-c-X-ambv Rm\p-W¿Øm-™-Xßv

132 Ieym-Wm-_vt[, XZ-\pN Xncn-™-ø-Sn-t°-J-‰p-am-\q¿sN√mw, sN≥dme-hnsS acphpw Nµ-au-enw-h-WßnDuWpw tXhm-c-hp-a-hnsS \ns≥dm´p thtK\ IrXzm_mWw-t]mse hSn-hn¬ \S-sImƒIßp thWm-S¿tImt\!

133 ImXw t]mcpw-h-gn, Ipd-I-bn-t√-Xp, amt°m-X-\-√q(¿)NqXw tXmdpw XW-en¬ hnf-s\¬ Im°p-a-°-\y-Im\mwImtXmfw \o≠-kn-X-\-b\w I≠p ams\≥dp aXzmt]mX-s∏-◊m≥ \nI-c-a-cntI sN≥dpta-ho-Sp-taSw



134 Iqho-Sn-t∑-se-fpXp hgn-bn≥dßp ]t≠-Xn-t\-°mƒ˛∏qho-Snt≥dm Nne-X-cp-Ip-tem-√mkn ]m¿izm- n-cmawtX¿t]m-thmfw hnSn-hn-en-S-bn- p-≠n-S-Ø-Xyp-Zmcwhm]o-Xocw ]Xn-hn-c-NnXw _ow_eo ]me-tI\

135 Nn¥n-t∏m-Ωm-d-cn-Ip-e-_ew _nw_-eo-]m-e-Im-\m˛a¥n-°qXpw hncp-Xp-hn-cpXw \ns∂m-Sm-th-Z-tbbp:kn‘p-Zzot] P\nX IpXn-c-°p-©n-bn¬°n-©-temem:kn‘p-Zzo]w Zzn]-aZ ]cn-ky-µnt\m hµ-amXm:

136 hnkvXm-cmtVy `ph-\-hn-ZntX aØ-am-Xw-K- otaXmcm¿am-Xn≥ Ipe-\n-e-bt\ Znhy-c-Xv\m- n-cmtaAwt`m-cmiu XZ\p ]I-tem-s\≥dt]mte ktJ, \oawK-eym-_vt[, hS-a-Xn-c-bn¬ sN≥dIw]qI ]ns∂.

Nºq-]-ÿm\w

\ΩpsS kmlnXysØ kº-∂-am-°p∂ kp]-[m-\-im-J-bmWv Nºp-°ƒ.\ΩpsSNºqimJsb ]cnKWn-°p-tºmƒ ][m-\-ambpw c≠p hn`m-K-ambn Chsb Xcw-Xn-cn-°mw. kwkvIrX Nºp-°ƒ, `mjm-N-ºp-°ƒ F∂n-h-bm-W-h.

kwkvIrX-Øn¬ Imhy-Øn\p Zriyw, ihyw F∂p c≠p hn`m-K-ßƒ Iev]n-®n- p-≠v. ihy-Øn\p ho≠pw ]Zyw, KZyw, D`bw As√-¶n¬ aniw F∂v aq∂p]hn`m-K-ßƒ Iev]n-®n-´p-≠v. km[m-cW kw`m-j-W-Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xpw hrØ-an-√m-Ø-Xp-amWv KZyw. ]Zy-am-Is´ A£-c-¢n-]vXn-tbm, amXm-¢n-]vXntbm D≈ ]Z-ß-tfmSpIqSn-b-Xm-Wv. Ch c≠pw Ie¿∂p-h-cp-∂-XmWv aniw. Nºp ani-hn- m-K-Øn¬s∏-Sp-∂p. KZy-]-Zy-ßƒ°v Ah-bp-tS-Xmb ]cn-an-Xn-Ifpw t\ -ß-fp-ap-≠v. ]Zy-Øn¬ A£-c-¢n-]vXntbm amXm ¢n]vXntbm D≈-Xp-sIm≠v h‡m-hns‚ CjvSm-\p-k-cWw AXphen-®p-\o- mt\m Ipdp-°mt\m km[n-°p-∂n-√. ]t£ kwKo-Xm-fl-IX F∂ KpWw]Zy-ßƒ°p-≠v. KZy-Øn-\m-Is´ kzmX¥yw IqSp-X-ep-s≠-¶nepw kwKo-Xm-fl-I-X-bn-√. KZy-]-Zy-ßƒ°p≈ t\ -ßƒ Hcp-an-∏n-°m-\p≈ bXv\-Øn¬ \n∂mWv Nºq-km-lnXyw DS-se-Sp-Ø-Xv. InkvXp-hn\p ]n≥]v Bdmw iX-I-Øn¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ `ma-l≥ "i_vZm¿∞u kln-Xu-Imhyw; KZyw ]Zyw NX-Zzn[m' F∂v ImhysØ \n¿∆-Nn-°p-Ibpw KZyw ]Zyw F∂v c≠m-bn-Øn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. In.-]n. Ggmw iX-I-Øn¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ ZWvUn-bm-Wv aniw Fs∂mcp hIp∏v Iq´n-t®¿Ø-Xpw "KZy]Zy-a-bn-Im-]n-N-ºq-cn-Xy- n-[otX' F∂p \n¿∆-N\w \evIn-b-Xpw. Nºp-hn¬ KZy-Øn\pw]Zy-Øn\pw Xpey ]m[m-\y-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂m-Wv imkvXkn≤m-¥w. F∂m¬km[m-c-W-bmbn Nºp-hn¬ ]Zyw Gdnbpw KZyw Ipd-™p-amWv ImWp-∂-Xv.

kwkvIrX Nºp-°ƒ

kwkvIr-X-Ønse BZysØ Nºp GXm-sW-∂-Xn¬ A`n-]mb hyXym-k-ßƒ\ne-\n-ev°p-∂p. hS-°pw-Iq-dns‚ A`n-]m-b-Øn¬ t`mPs‚ cmam-bWNºp-hmWv BZy-tØ-Xv. D≈q-cm-Is´ Xnhn-I-a- - s‚ \f-N-ºp-hn-\mWv Cu ÿm\w \evIp-∂-Xv. Zm£n-Wm-Xy-\mb th¶-S-Ir-jvW≥ DØ-c-cm-am-b-WsØ Bkv]-Z-am°n "DØ-c-Nºp' cNn-®n- p-≠v. cmP-Nq-Vm-aWn Zo£n-X-cpsS "bp≤-Nºp' kwkvIr-X-Ønse G‰hpw lkz-amb Nºp-hm-Wv. F∂m¬ Ch-sbm-s°bpw kmln-Xy-Kp-W-Øn¬ t`mP-N-ºp-hns‚hfsc ]n∂n-em-Wv. Nºq kmam-Py-Ønse bph-cmP]Z-Øn¬ A`n-jn-‡-am-bn-cn-°p∂



IrXn A\-¥- - s‚ `mc-X-N-ºp-hm-Wv. tImgn-t°mSv am\-tZ-h≥ kmaq-Xn-cn-bpsS IrXn-bmWv "]q¿∆- m-cXw Nºp'. tkma-tZ-h-kq-cn-bpsS "bi-kvXn-eIw' Nºp-hmWv kwkvIr-X-Ønse as‰mcp ][m\ Nºq-IXn. Hcp hntZ-io-b≥ tIc-fsØ A[n-I-cn®p cNn-®n-´p≈ Nºp-hmWv tIc-fm- -c-Ww. cma-N-µ-Zo-£n-X-cmWv Cu Nºp cNn-®-Xv.

kwkvIr-X-Øn¬ Nºp-°ƒ cNn-°m≥ XpS-ßnb Ime-Øp-Xs∂ tIc-f-ØnepwAXns‚ A\p-c -W-\-ßƒ ]I-S-am -bn -cp -∂p. tIc-f-Øn-ep -≠mb BZysØkwkvIrXNºq Znhm-IcIhn-bpsS Atam-L-cm-Lhw Nºp-hmWv. taev]-Øq¿ \mcm-bW -Xn-cn-bmWv kwkvIrX Nºq kmln-Xy-Øn\p anI® kw`m-h\\evInb as‰mcptIc-fo-b≥. cma-]m-Wn-hm-Zs‚ `mK-hXw Nºp, AizXn Xncp-\m-fns‚ k¥m-\-tKm-]m-ew, tIc-f-h¿Ω-bpsS lwk-h-[w, sImSp-ß-√q¿ Ip™p-Æn-Ø-ºp-cms‚ _mW-bp≤wXpS-ßn-b-hbpw tIc-f-Øn-ep-≠mb kwkvIrXNºp-°-fm-Wv.`mjm-N-ºp-°ƒ

kwkvIrX kmln-Xy-Øn¬\n∂v ae-bmfw ISw-sIm≠ Imhy-im-J-bmWv Nºp.hnhn[ cq]-ß-fmb \mS≥]m-´p-Iƒ, Infn-∏m-´p-Iƒ, B´-°-Y-Iƒ, Xp≈¬]m-´p-IƒapX-em-b-h-sb-t∏mse `mjbn¬ A`n-hr-≤nsb ]m]n-®n-cn-°p∂ H∂mWv Nºq]_-‘-im-J. `mjmkmln-Xy-Øn¬ ]uVnbpw Kmwò-cyhpw ckn-I-Xzhpw XnI™ \qX-\-ß-fmb ]e A≤ym-b-ß-fp-sSbpw krjvSn°p Nºp-°ƒ Imc-W-am-bn- p-≠v. kº-∂-amb \ΩpsS Nºq-im-Jsb ]mNo\w, a≤y-Im-eo-\w, B[p-\nIw F∂v hn`-Pn-°m≥ km[n-°pw.]mNo\Nºp-°ƒ˛(a-Wn-]-hmf Imhy-ßƒ)

ae-bm-f-Øn-ep-≠mb BZysØ Nºq-Im-hy-amWv "DÆn-b®o NcnXw'. ]Xn-aq∂mwiX-I-amWv CXns‚ cN-\m-Im-e-sa∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂p. ""tXh≥ Nnco-Ip-am≥ sNm∂Nºp-ap-‰-hp-am-Z-cm¬'' F∂p Imhy-Øn¬ ImWp-∂p. Imhy-Im-cs‚ t]cv tZh≥ ioIp-am-c≥ F∂v AXn-\m¬ \ap°\pam-\n-°m≥ km[n-°pw. Imhy-Ønse ]cm-a¿i-ß-fn¬ \n∂v hb-\m-SmWv Ihn-bpsS kztZ-i-sa∂pw Duln-°m-\m-hpw. Xncp-s\-√n°pkao-]-ap≈ Xncp-a-cp-Xq¿ t£X-Ønse \¿Ø-In-bm-bn-cp∂ DÆn-b-®nsb ImWm≥Hcp K‘¿∆bphmhv qan-bn-te°v hcp-∂-XmWv kµ¿`w. h¿Æ-\m-]-[m-\-amWv Imhyw.tZh-Zmko]Io¿Ø-\-tØm-sSm∏w ka-Im-enI Pohn-X-Øns‚ hnUw-_-\-hpamWvCu IrXn. DÆn-b®o Ncn-X-Øn\p ktlm-Zc ÿm\o-b-amb Hcp IrXn-bmWv DÆn-®n-cp-tXhn Ncn-Xw. CsXmcp NºqImhy-sa∂v D≈q¿ ]d-bp-∂p-sh-¶nepw ]q¿Æ-ambA¿∞-Øn¬ AXp icn-b-s√∂v Cfw-Ipfw Ip™≥]n≈ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p. "KZywJtZym-X-Iev]w Kfn-X-cp-Nn-Xp-S-ßns‚\t° \tamkvXp' F∂v Ihn-Xs∂ Imhym-cw- -Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬\n∂v KZy-Øn¬ \mbn-Im-h¿W\w \S-Ø-W-sat∂ Ihn°v Dt±-iy-ap-≈q-sh-∂Xv hy‡-am-Wv. ]Xn-aq∂mw iX-I-Øns‚ A¥y-L-´-amWv cN-\m-Im-ew. h≈p-h-\m- n¬s∏´ tNmIncw Kma-Ønse DÆn-b∏n≈bpsS aI-fmb DÆn-®n-cp-tX-hn-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ aWn-]-hmfw tI´v Cµ≥ Ahsf At\z-jn®v sN√p-∂Xpw Ah-fpsS ho´p-]-Sn-°¬ _m“-Wcpw amS-ºn-Ifpw \mb-∑mcpw OmX-∑m-cp-sa√mw ]mSp-sI- n-°n-S-°p-∂XpI≠p aS-ßp-∂-Xp-amWv CXnse ]Xn-]m-Zyw.

]Xn-\memw iX-I-Øns‚ A¥y-Øn-ep-≠mb Imhy-amWv "DÆn-bm-Sn-N-cnXw'. Zmtam-Zc®mIym-cmWv CXns‚ cN-bn-Xm-hv. DÆn-bm-Snsb \mbn-I-bm°n inh-hn-emkwFs∂mcp kwkvIr-X-Im-hyhpw At±lw cNn-®n- p-≠v. ]mhr´v F∂ A]vk-c-kns‚Ah-Xm-c-am-bn-´mWv DÆn-bm-Snsb Iev]n®ncn-°p-∂-Xv. Hcn-°¬ ]mhr-ń¬ Nµ≥BIr-jvS-\m-hp-Ibpw Ah-tfm-sSmØp can-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. CX-dn™ tcmlnWn]mhr-ńs\ i]n-®p. Aßs\ Ahƒ a\p-jy-Ip-e-Øn¬ ]nd-°p-∂p. kpµ-cn-bm-bn-cp∂ Ahƒ ]¥≠mw hb- n¬ hoSns‚ DΩ-d-Øn-cp∂p ]m´p-]m-Sp-∂p. CXp-tIŃµ≥ amc-Pz-c-]-c-h-i-\mbn ]mńs‚ D¤-h-ÿm\w Adn-bm≥ c≠p Zmk-∑msc ]d-™-b-°p-∂Xpw Ah¿I≠ Imcy-ßƒ XncnsI sN∂p Nµs\ Adn-bn-°p-∂-Xp-amWv Imhy-Ønse ]Xn-]m-Zyw.



Ch IqSmsX thsdbpw Nne Nºp-Im-hy-ßƒ ]mNo\L´-Øn¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn eoem-Xn-e-I-Ønse DZm-l-c-W-]-Zy-ßƒ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ]t£ B KŸ-ßsfm-∂pw-Xs∂ \ap°p e`n-®n- n-√.a≤y-Ime Nºp-°ƒ

io hS-°pw-Iq¿ cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω sIm√-h¿jw 500 apX¬ 725 hsc ( 1325 apX¬1550 hsc) bpff Ime-L- sØ Nºp-°-fpsS kph¿Æ Ime-L´w F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂p. CuIm-e-L-´-Øn¬ ap∂q-dn\p ta¬ Nºp-°fp≠mbn F∂p tImf-tØcni¶-c-ta-t\m\pw Ccp-\q-dn-\-SpØp Nºp-°-fp-≠mbn F∂v hS-°pw-Iqdpw A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

kwkvIrX Nºp-°ƒ Bin-kv, ka-kvIn-b, hkvXp-\n¿t±iw Ch-bn-te-sX-¶nepwH∂p-sIm-≠mWv Bcw- n-°p-I. a[y-Ime Nºp-°-fm-hs´ Ch-tbm-sSm∏w IYm-kq-N-\bpw \¬Ip-∂p. CXv ]e-co-Xn-I-fn¬ ImWp-≠v. Hcp tXmgs\ hnfn®v AbmsfI≠-Xp-sIm≠v X\n-°p-≠mb kt¥mjw IY-bnse GsX-¶nepw IYm-]m-X-Øn-\p-≠mb kt¥m-j-tØmSv D]-an-°p-∂Xv Hcp -co-Xn-bm-Wv. Hcp kmam-\y-X-XzsØ \n¿t±-in®v ]d-bp∂ IY-bp-ambn AXns\ _‘-s∏-Sp-ØpI as‰mcp coXn-bm-Wv. Bio¿hm-Z-t»m-I-Øntem \a-kv°m-c-ivtfm-I-Øntem IYmw-isØ D]-am\cq]-Øn¬ LSn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv- as‰mcp coXn. IY-tIƒ°m≥ tXmgs\ D]-tZ-in°p∂ hn[Øn-emWvNne Nºp-°ƒ XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. hnh-£n-X-amb IY-bn¬IqSn Xm≥ \nco-£n-°p∂XXzw BZysØ tivfmI-Øn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-°pI Fs∂mcp kº-Zm-b-hp-ap-≠v. kwkvIrX-\m-S-I-ß-fnse \mµo t»mI-am-bn-cn-°Ww CXn\v ]tNm-Z-\-am-b-Xv.

a≤y-Ime Nºp-Iƒ cwKØp ]tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂p F∂v Duln-°p-∂-Xn\pImcWw Ah-bn¬ ImWp∂ ]c-kz-ß-fmb `mK-ß-fpsS B[n-Iy-am-Wv. kwkvIr-X-Ønse ]e KŸ-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw `mj-bnse Xs∂ a‰p Nºp-°-fn¬ \n∂pw`mK-ßƒ ˛K-Zyhpw ]Zyhpw ˛A-tX-]-Snbpw Nne-t∏mƒ Aev]-kzev]w t`Z-ßƒhcp-Ønbpw Nºp-°-fn¬ kzoI-cn-®n-´p-≠v. 1879 t»mI-ßfpw 99 KZy-ß-fp-ap-ffcmam-bWw Nºp-hn¬ Adp-\q-tdmfw ivtfmI-ßfpw Ipsd KZy-ßfpw a‰p KŸ-ß-fn¬ \n∂v kzoI-cn-®n-´p-f-f-h-bm-Wv. Adp-\q-dn¬ 270 t»mI-ßƒ GtXXp KŸ-ß-fn¬ \n∂mWv F∂v I≠p-]n-Sn-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. CXv Ihn-Iƒ a\x-]q¿∆-w sNbvXkmln-Xy-tNm-c-W-am-hm≥ hgn-bn-√. ]ecpw Hcp t]mse kmln-Xy-tNm-cWw \SØnF∂p hnNm-cn-°m\pw \nhr-Øn-bn-√. H∂p-In¬ Ah¿ IY-]-d-bp∂ Bfp-I-fpsSAh-iym-\p-k-cWw Ac-ßp-sIm-gp-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n a‰p-Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ \n∂v Bh-iy-ap-f-fX IS-sa-Sp-Øp. As√-¶n¬ ]n¬Im-eØv IY-]-d-bp-∂-h¿ Ihn Fgp-Xn-b-Xn-t\mSp IqSn Ac-ßp-sIm-gp-∏n-°m≥ th≠n ]eXpw Iqń-t®¿Øp. Fßs\ kw`hn-®-Xm-bmepw Nºp-°-fnse Cu ]c-kzm-[nIyw Ah cwKØp ]tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂pF∂-Xns‚ kqN-\-bm-Wv.

kwkvIr-X-Ønse Nºp-°-fn¬ `qcn-`m-Khpw ]pcm-W-I-Y-Iƒ ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p-f-f-h-bm-Wv. a≤y-Ime Nºp-°-fn¬ `qcn-`m-Khpw Ahsb A\p-I-cn®v ]pcm-W-I-Y-Iƒ ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ ]mNo-\-a-Wn-]-hm-f-N-ºp-°-fn-em-Is´ ]Xn-]mZyw]pcm-tWm-]-Po-hn-b-√. Ah-bn¬ ]d-b-Ø° IY-sbm-ń -√-Xm-\pw, tZh-Zmko]Io¿Ø-\-ß-fmWv Ah.ka-Im-enI Pnhn-X-Øns‚ NqSpw shfn-®hpw Ah ]Zm\wsNøp∂p F∂Xv Hcp khn--ti-j-X-bm-Wv. ]mNo-\-a-Wn-]-hm-f-N-ºp-°-fn-¬\n∂vImhy]ta-b-Ønepw IYm-L-S-\-bnepw Bhn-jvI-c-W-Ønepw hyXy-kvX-amb kao-]-\-amWv a≤y-Im-e-N-ºp-°-fn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv. ]mNo\Nºp-°ƒ KWn-Im-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ AI-Ø-f-ßƒ tXSn-t∏m-sb-¶n¬ c≠m-asØ hn`mKw ]pcm-W-I-Y-I-fpsS]p\-cm-Jym-\-Øn-\mWv ][m-\-ambpw Xøm-dm-b-Xv. NmIym-∑m¿°pw ]mT-I-°m¿°pwD]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bmWv Cu L´-Øn¬ Nºp-°ƒ cNn-°-s∏-´-Xv.-N-ºp-°-fnse`mj DØa aWn-]-hm-f-am-I-W-sa∂ \njvI¿j AtXmsS C√m-Xm-bn.a≤y-ImeNºp-°-fpsS cwK-]-th-i-tØmsS ae-bmfkmln-Xy-Øn\v Hcp Kuchkz`mhwssIh-cp-∂-Xmbpw ImWm-\m-hpw.



kwkvIrX Nºp-°ƒ ka-Im-enI Pohn-XsØ ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂-h-b-√. `mjm-N-ºp-°-fm-Is´ Gdnbpw Ipd-™pw ka-Im-en-I-Po-hnXw ]Xn-_n-w-_n-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.]mNo\ Nºp-°ƒ GXm≠v apgp-h-\mbpw Hcp Ime-L- -Ønse Hcp hn`mKw P\-X-bpsS PohnXw Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. a≤y-Ime Nºp-°-fn¬ ka-Im-enIPohnX]Xn-

-e\w A[n-Ihpw KZy-ß-fn-em-Wv. ]pcmW IY-k-µ¿ -ßƒ tIc-fo-b-Omb \¬Inh¿Æn-®mWv Ah¿ ka-Im-enI Pohn-Xm-hn-jv°mcw \S-Øp-∂-Xv. C°m-cy-Øn¬kwkvIrX Nºp-°-sf-b-√. ]mNo-\-N-ºp-°-sf-bmWv Ah¿ A\p-I-cn-®n-´p-f-f-Xv. Cuh¿Æ-\m- -k-º-ZmbamWv ]n¬°m-eØv Ip©≥\-ºym¿ Xs‚ Xpf-f-ep-I-fn¬ kzoI-cn®v hnI-kn-∏n-®Xv.

a≤y-Ime Nºp-°-fn¬ BIr-Xn-sIm≠pw ]Ir-Xn-sIm≠pw H∂mw ÿm\wA¿ln-°p-∂Xv ]p\w \ºq-Xn-cnbpsS cmam-bWw Nºp-hmWv. -c≠mw ÿm\w `mcXwNºp-hn-\m-Wv. ]Xn-\m-ep- m-K-ß-fm-bn- mWv `mcXw Nºp cNn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CXns‚I¿Ør-Xzhpw ]p\w \ºq-Xn-cn-bn-emWv \n£n-]vX-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. cmam-b-W-N-ºp-hn-t\mfw kmln-Xy-KpWw CuIr-Xn-°n-s√¶nepw kwkvIr-Xm-Xn-]-kcw IqSp-X¬ImWmw.a≤y-Ime Nºp-°-fn¬ NI-h¿Øn-]Zw Ae-¶-cn-°p∂ Nºp ss\j-[-am-Wv. Xriq-cn-\-Sp-Øp-ff s]cp-h-\w-Km-a-Ønse ag-aw-K-Øn-√sØ \mcm-b-W≥ \ºq-Xn-cn-bmWv CXns‚ cN-bn-Xm-hv.

cmP-c-Xv\m-h-eo-bhpw sImSn-bhn-c-lhpw a≤y-Ime Nºp-°-fn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zy-Øns‚Imcy-Øn¬ ]pXnb Nm¬ sh- n-Øp-d∂ IrXn-I-fmWv. Imew-amdn ]nd∂ DÆn-bm-So-N-cn-X-amWv cmP-c-Xv\m-h-eobw F∂v ""ssIc-fn-bpsS IY'' bn¬ s]m^. F≥ IrjvW-]n-ff ]d-bp-∂p. 1565 \pw 1601 \pw CSbv°v sIm®n-cmPyw `cn® cma-h¿Ω-bpsS P\-\w, Inco-S-[m-c-Ww, bp≤-k-∂-≤-X, aµm-c-ame F∂ \¿Ø-In-bp-am-bp-ff hnhmlwCsXm-s°-bm-Wv Cu IrXn-bnse ]Xn-]mZyw Hcp irwKm-c-Im-hy-am-Wv sImSn-bhn-c-lw. kwK-Ko-X-tI-Xp-hmWv \mb-I≥, irwKm-c-N-µn-I-bmWv \mbn-I. Ch-cpsS hnc-l-Xm-]-amWv ]Xn-]mZyw, ae-bm-f-Ønse irwKmc Imhy-ß-fn¬ ][m-\-amWv sImSnbhnclw F∂v Df-fq¿ ]d-bp-∂p.

`mjm-]-c-amb ]g-°w-sIm≠p ]Xn-\mdmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ ]q¿∆m-≤-Øn-ep-≠m-b-sX∂v hnNm-cn-°m-hp∂ Nºp-hmWv Ima-Z-l-\w. CXns‚ I¿Ør-Xzhpw ]p\w-\-ºq-Xn-cn-bn¬ \n£n-]vX-amWv. ag-aw-Kew \ºq-Xn-cn-bpsS ka-Im-en-I\pw 1601 apX¬ 1615hsc sIm®n-cmPyw `cn® hoc-tI-c-f-h¿Ω-bpsS Bÿm-\-]-fi-nX-\p-am-bn-cp∂ \oe-I-WvT≥ \ºq-Xn-cn-bpsS aq∂p Nºp-°-fmWv sN√q¿\m-tYm-Z-bw, \mcm-b-Wobw,sXss¶e \mtYm-Zbw F∂nh. ]Xn-]m-Zy-Øn¬ Ch a‰p- N-ºp-°-fn¬ \n∂p th¿Xn-cn™p \n¬Ip-∂p. s]cn-s©-√q¿ Kma-Ønse inh-]-XnjvT sN√q¿\-tYm-Z-b-ØnepwXr∏q-Wn-Øpd t£X-Ønse hnjvWp-]-XnjvT \mcm-b-Wo-b-Ønepw Xriq¿ hS°pw\mY-t£-X-Ønse A©p-]-XnjvTIƒ sXss¶-e-\m-tYm-Z-b-Ønepw h¿Æy-hn-j-b-ß-fm-Wv. cmhWhn-P-bw, cpIvan-Wn-kz-bw-h-cw, Dam-X-]- v, ]m¿∆-Xo-kz-bw-h-cw, ]mcn-Pm-X-l-c-Ww, Kuco-N-cnXw, KtPµtam£w ]lvfm-Z-N-cn-Xw, Iwk-h-[w, F∂n-hbpwa≤y-Ime Nºp-°-fn¬ ][m-\-s∏- -h-bm-Wv.

Hmtcm `mj-bn-sebpw, Hmtcm Ime-L-´-Øn-sebpw IhnX AXmXp Ime-L-´-Ønse A`n-cp-Nn°pw Bh-iy-Øn\pa\p-k-c-W-am-bn- mWv DS-se-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. P\-k-aq-l-Øns‚ cpNn-hn-ti-j-ßsf \nb-¥n-°m\pw Xs‚ C—-bv°-\p-k-c-W-ambn am‰n-sbSp--°m\pw Akm-am\y ]Xn-`m-im-en-Iƒ°v amXta Ign-bq. Ah¿ GXp `mj-bnepwhfsc Ipd-hm-bn-cn-°pw. ]mNo\ ae-bm-f- m-j-bn¬ Fgp-Ø-—\p amXta CØ-c-Øn¬kaq-l-Øns‚ cpNn-hn-ti-j-ßsf am‰n-sb-Sp--°m≥ Ign-™p-≈q. a‰p-≈-h-sc√mw AXmXpIme-L-´-Ønse ]h-W-X-Iƒ°-\p-k-c-W-am-bn-´mWv Ihn-X-sb-gp-Xn-b-Xv.

cmam-b-W-Nºp DS-se-SpØ Ime-L-´-Ønse tIc-f-Ønse P\-k-aqlw Bcy-kw-kv°m-c-tØmSv AZ-ay-amb A`n-\n-thiw h®p-]p-e¿Øn-bn-cp-∂p. c≠mw tNc-km-am-Py-Øns‚ ]mX-\hpw \mSp-hm-gn-Ø-Øns‚ Bhn¿`m-hhpw \ºq-Xn-cn-amsc kaq-



l-Øns‚ D∂-X-ti-Wn-bn-se-Øn-®p. kwkvIr-X-Øn\v apsº-ßp-an-√mØ ]mamWywe`n-®p. kwkvIr-X-hn-Zym-`ymkw ssXh¿Æn-I-c-√mØ km[m-c-W-°m-cpsSbnS-bn-te°pw hym]n®p. t£X-I-e-I-fpsS hnIm-khpw kwkvIr-X-hn-Zym- ym-ksØ Xzcn-X-s∏-Sp-Øn. ]pcm-W-I-Y-I-tfmSv P\ßƒ°p≈ Xmev]cyw h¿≤n® Cu A`n-cpNn hnti-j-amWv ]mNo\ Nºp-°-fn¬ \n∂p hyXy-kvX-ambn kwkvIr-X-Øn\v IqSp-X¬ ]m[m-\y-ap≈ ]pcm-W-IYm kw_‘nIfmb Nºp-°ƒ D≠m-hm≥ kml-N-cy-sam-cp-°n-b-Xv. cmam-bW Nºp AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Nºp-°-fn¬ BZy-tØ-Xm-Wv.

""temtIm-Øc h¿Æ\m \n]pW Ihn-I¿Ω;Imhyw'' F∂ Imhy-]-Im-i-Im-c-s‚bpw ""Ih-b-X-C-Xn-Ihn; Xkr-I¿Ω Imhyw, X®m¿∞-Zz¿Æ-\m-flIw'' F∂ hnZym-[-c-s‚bpw \n¿∆-N-\-ßƒ G‰hpw tbmPn-°p-∂Xv Nºp-Im-hy-ßƒ°m-Wv. IYm-Kpw-^-\-Ønt\m ]mX-kr-jvSnt°m ckm-hn-jvIm-c-Ønt\m H∂p-a√ h¿Æ--\Iƒ°mWvNºp-°-fn¬ ]m[m-\yw. D’-hw, bp≤w, hnhmlw XpS-ßn-bh IYm-k-µ¿`Øn¬hcp-tºm-tg°pw Nºp-Im-c-∑m¿ as‰√mw ad∂v h¿Æ-\-I-fn¬ apgp-Ipw. ]Zy-ß-fpw,KZy-ßfpw h¿Æ-\bv°p aXn-bm-hmsX hcp-tºm-gmWv Zfi-I-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv. at\m-l-c-amb h¿Æ-\m-h-k-\-ßƒ Xq°n-bn-Sm-\p≈ Ab-t°m¬ amX-amWv Nºp-°-fnse CXn-hrØw F∂v ]n.-i-¶-c≥ \ºym¿ ]d-™Xv AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv. ANpw-_n-X-ß-fmb Bi-b-ßfpw Ae-¶m-c-]-tbm-K-ßfpw kwkm-c-`m-j-bpsS X\n-abpwHmPkpw ]I¿∂p-X-cp∂ \mS≥ ]Z-ßfpw, ssien-Ifpw F√m-‰n-ep-ap-]cn lmky-c-k-Øns‚ ]cn-th-jhpw Nºp-hnse h¿Æ\I-fpsS kz`m-h-amWv kwkvIr-X-`m-j-X≥kzm`mhnIu-Pkpw km£m¬Ø-an-gns‚ am[p-cyhpw HØp-tN¿∂-XmWv Nºp-°-fnseaWn-]-hm-f-`m-j.

a≤y-Ime Nºp-°-fn¬ ]mNo-\-X-sIm≠pw hep∏w-sIm-≠pw BZyw ]cn-Nn-¥\wA¿ln-°p∂ IrXn-bmWv cmam-bWw Nºp. Ccp-]Xp `mK-ß-fn-embn Imhyw hn -Pn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]pcm-W-I-Y-Isf D]-Po-hn-®p-≠mb BZysØ NºqIm-hy-am-Wn-Xv. ]p\w\ºq-Xn-cn-bmWv CXns‚ I¿Øm-sh∂p hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. hmevaoIn cmam-b-Ww,A\¿L-cm-L-hw, DØ-c-cm-am-b-Ww, B›cy NqVm-aWn XpSßn H -\-h[n kwkvIrXImhy-ß-tfmSv cmam-bW Nºq-Im-c\v B[a¿Wyw D≠v. ]t£ tIhew A\p-I¿Øm-hmbn At±-lsØ Icp-Xm-\p-am-hn-√. cmam-bWw IY kza-t\m-[¿Ω-a-\p-k-cn®p hnI-kn-∏n-°m≥ At±lw ian-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]mNo\ aWn-]-hmf Imhy-ßƒ Is≠-Øp-∂-Xp-hsc ae-bm-f-Ønse BZysØ Nºp F∂ ÿm\w cmam-bWw Nºp-hn-\m-bn-cp-∂p.

as‰mcp ][m\ Nºp-hmWv "`mcXw Nºp'. ]Xn-\mep `mK-ß-fm-bn-´mWv cN\\n¿∆-ln-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CXns‚ I¿Xr-Xzhpw ]p\w \ºq-Xn-cn-°mWv \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. cmam-bW Nºp-hn-t\m-fw kmln-Xy-KpWw Cu IrXn-°n-√. kwkvIr-X-Øns‚B[n-Iy-amWv as‰mcp ]tXy-I-X.

a≤y-Ime Nºp-°-fn¬ NI-h¿Øo-ÿm\w Ae-¶-cn-°p-∂Xv ss\j[w Nºp-hm-Wv. Xriq-cn-\-Sp-Øp≈ s]cp-h\w Kma-Ønse ag-aw-K-e-Øn-√sØ \mcm-b-W≥ \ºq-Xn-cn-bmWv CXns‚ cN-bn-Xm-hv. cmP-c-Xv\m-h-eo-bw, sImSn-b-hn-c-lw, _mW-bp≤wF∂o Nºp-°fpw ag-aw-K-e-Øn-t‚-Xm-sW∂p Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p. a≤y-ImeNºp-°-fn¬]Xn-]m-Zy-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ ]pXnb Nm¬ sh´n-Øp-d∂ IrXn-I-fm-Wn-h. Imewamdn-∏n-d∂ DÆn-bmSn Ncn-X-amWv cmP-c-Xv\m-h-eo-bw- F∂v F≥. IrjvW-]n≈ ]d-bp-∂p. 1565 \pw 1601 \pw CSbv°v sIm®o-cmPyw `cn® cma-h¿Ω-bpsS P\-\w, Inco-S-[m-c-Ww, bp≤-k-∂-≤-X, aµm-c-ame F∂ \¿Ø-In-bp-am-bp≈ hnhmlw F∂n-h-bmWv ]Xn-]m-Zyw. Hcp irwKmc Imhy-amWv sImSn-b-hn-c-lw. kwKo-X-tl-Xp-hmWv\mb-I≥. irwKm-c-N-µn-I-bmWv \mbn-I. Ch-cpsS hnc-l-Xm-]-amWv ]Xn-]m-Zyw.

ag-aw-K-e-Øns‚ ka-Im-en-I-\m-bn-cp∂ \oe-I-WvT≥ \ºq-Xncn cNn-®-h-bmWvsN√q¿\mtYm-Z-bw, \mcm-b-Wo-bw, sXss¶-e-\m-tYm-Zbw F∂o Nºp-°ƒ. ]e Nºq-Ir-Xn-I-fnepw ImWp∂ mh-Nm-]-ey-ßfpw irwKm-c-lm-kym-hn-jvI-c-W-ßfpw Cu IrXn-I-fn-en-√. HmP pw ]uVn-bp-amWv ap∂n- p-\n-ev°p∂ KpW-ßƒ.



B[p-\nI Nºp-°ƒ]nev°m-eØpw ]pcm-W-I-Y-I-sfbpw Ncn-X-kw-`-h-ß-sfbpw D]-Po-hn®v Nºp-

°fp≠m-bn- p-≠v. e£van-]p-cØp chn-h¿Ω tImbn-Ø-ºp-cm≥ cNn® Djm-I-eym-Ww,Kuco-]-cn-W-bw, ]n. i¶-c≥\ºym-sc-gp-Xnb ]memgn aY-\w, Imcp-th-en¬ Kucn-°p-´n-b-Ω-sb-gp-Xnb k¥m-\-tKm-]mew XpS-ßn-bh it≤-b-ß-fmb IrXn-I-fm-Wv. sslZcm-en-bpsS tIc-fm-I-a-WsØ ]›m-Ø-e-am°n k¿Zm¿ sI.-Fw. ]Wn-°¿ Fgp-Xnb"sslZ¿ \mbv°≥', C¥ym Ncn-X-Ønse Nne kw -h-ßƒ ]ta-b-am°n alm-IhnD≈q¿ cNn® kpPm-tXm-Zzmlw F∂n-hbpw ]pXnb L -Ønse Nºp-°-fm-Wv. ]gbNºp-°-fpsS a´n¬ hmc\m´v sI.-]n. imkvXn cNn® "ioNn-Xm- n-tjIw Nºp' Bhn-jvI-cW kuIp-am-cy-Øn¬ anI-®p-\n-ev°p∂ IrXn-bm-Wv.

]g-b-N-ºp-°-fpsS ta∑ ]pXn-b-h-bv°n-√. F¶nepw \ho\ IrXn-Ifpw \ΩpsS`mjm- n-hr-Ønsb klm-bn-®-h-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ B[p-\nI ]Zy-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬ Ahbv°v D∂-Xhpw am\y-hp-amb ÿm\-Øn-\¿l-X-bp-≠v.

BIr-Xn-sIm≠pw ]Ir-Xn-sIm≠pw kwkvIrXkmln-Xy-tØm-SmWv Nºp-°ƒ°vIS-∏m-Sv. tIcf kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ \m\m-hn-[-ß-fmb Awi-ßƒ \ΩpsS Nºp-°ƒ]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂p. C∂p Nºp-°ƒ `mj-bn¬ GXm≠v AkvX-an-®n-cn-°p-s∂∂p-Xs∂ ]d-bmw. B[p-\nI L -Øn-ep-≠mb Nºp-°ƒs°m-∂n\pw ]q¿∆-L´ Imhy-ß-tfmSp InS-]n-Sn-°-Ø° ta∑-bp-≠m-hm-Xn-cp-∂Xpw Imhym-kzm-Z-\-Øn¬ Ime-I-a-Øn¬ h∂p-tN¿∂ am‰-ß-fp-am-bn-cn°mw CXn\p Imc-Ww. F∂n-cn-°epw Nºp-°ƒ`mjmkmlnXy]ÿm-\-Øn\p \evInb tkh-\-ßsf hne-Ip-d®p ImWm≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-√. aWn-]-hmf kmlnXyw ]I¿∂p-\-¬Inb Po¿ÆkwkvIm-c-Øn¬\n∂v\ΩpsS kmln-Xy-Øn\p tamN\w km≤y-am-b-Xv a≤y-ImeNºp-°-fn-eqsSbmWv. ]pcm-W-I-Y-Isf D]-Po-hn-s®-gp-Xnbhbm-bn-cp∂p `qcn-`mKw Nºp-°-sf-¶nepw aX-]-t_m-[\w Ah-bpsS e£y-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. ]Ir-Xn-h¿W-\, \mS-Io-b-X, IYm-]m-X-ß-fpsSkq£va- m-h-ßƒ Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-Xnse \n]p-WX F∂nh Nºq-Im-hy-ß-fpsS ]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. KXm-\p-K-Xn-IXzw A\p-hm-N-Isc C∂v Cu Imhy-tem-I-Øp-\n∂v AI-‰n-\n¿Øn-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. bmYm¿∞y-t_m-[-ap≈ B[p-\nI a\p-jy\v NºqIm-c-∑m-cpsS k¶-ev]-temIapƒs°m-≈p-hm-\p≈ sshj-ayhpw Cu Imhy-]-ÿm\w C√m-Xm-hp-∂-Xn\v Imc-W-am-bn- p-≠v. F¶nepw Nºq ]ÿm-\-Øn-t‚-Xmb ]e khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw \ΩpsS B[p-\nIkmlnXyw Dƒs°m-≠n- p-s≠-∂Xpw \mw hnkva-cn-°m≥]mSn-√. Nºq-Im-c-∑m-cpsS ]Z-hn-\ymk Ipi-eX Fgp-Ø-—-t\bpw Ip©≥ \ºym-tcbpw kzm[o-\n-®-Xmbn ImWm-\m-hpw. DNn-X-amb Imhy _nw_-ßƒ Xnc-s™-Sp-Ø-h-X-cn-∏n-°m-\p≈ Iem-hn-cpXpw sshb-‡n-Im-\p-`-h-ßƒ°p \ho-\-`m-h-XewkrjvSn-°m-\p≈ ]Xn- m-i-‡nbpw Nºq-Im-c-∑m-cpsS Imhy-kn-≤n-I-fm-Wv. `mj-bn¬C∂p Nºq-Im-hy-ß-fp-≠m-Ip-∂n-√. F¶n¬Ø-s∂bpw mjbv°p mhn-bn¬ Fs¥√mw]cn-Wm-a-ßƒ kw -hn-®mepw Nºp-°ƒ°v mj-bn-ep≈ D∂-X-ÿm-\Øn\p bmsXmcpCf-°hpw X´p-I-bn-√. ImcWw AXbv°v Dd∏pw shSn-∏p-ap≈ Hcp `mjm-ssi-en-bmWv Nºq-Im-c-∑m¿ kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠v, ae-bmfw D≈n-S-tØmfw `mjm-N-ºp-°fpw Nºq-Im-c-∑mcpw Hm¿Ωn°s∏Sp-I-Xs∂ sNøpw.DÆn-b-®o-N-cnXw ( ]mNo\ Nºp )

DÆnb-®n, DÆn-®n-cp-tX-hn, DÆn-bmSn F∂n-h-bmWv \ap°p e`n-®n- p≈ ]mNo\Nºp-°ƒ.Ch-bn¬ G‰-hpw ]mNo\w DÆn-b-®n-bm-Wv. a‰p-≈h c≠pw CXns\ amXr-I-bm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.-F.-Un.-aq∂mw iX-I-amWv CXns‚ Imew. Hcp tXh≥ Nncn-Ip-am-c-\mWv cN-bn-Xm-sh∂v Imhy-Øn¬Øs∂ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p.-h-b-\m-SmWv Ihn-bpsS P∑-ÿ-e-sa-∂mWv A`yq-lw.-N-cn-X-]-chpw `mjm-]-c-hp-amb sXfn-hp-Iƒ 13- mw \q‰m-≠mWvcN-\m-Im-e-sa∂ A`n-]m-bsØ icn-h-bv°p-∂p-≠v.]Y-a-]-km-[-I-\mb tUm.-]n.-sI.-\m-cm-b-W-]n≈(]Ya]km-[\w˛1949) `mjm-]-_-‘-sa-∂mWv CXn\v t]cn- -Xv.KŸ-Øns‚ BZysØ ct≠m aqt∂m Xmfn-tbm-e-Iƒ I≠p-In- n-bn- n-√.-kw-i-b-c-ln-X-ambn



A¿Yw Kln-°-Ø-°-hÆw Hcp ]Zyw apgp-h-\ptam Hcp KZyw apgp-h-\ptam In´n-bn- p-s≠∂p ]d-bpI km[y-a-√.Imhy-Øns‚ ]I-S-amb e£yw tZh-Zmko kpµ-cn-bmb\mbn-Isb kvXpXn-°pI F∂Xp Xs∂-bm-Wv.-A-∂sØ ][m\ \K-c-ß-tf-°p-dn®pwt£X-ß-tf-°p-dn®pw Aßm-Sn-I-tf-°p-dn®pw C Imhy-Øn¬\n∂v hnhcw e`n-°p-∂p≠v.F√m ]mNo\ Nºq-Im-c-∑mcpw h¿W-\-I-fn¬ Bfl-\n¿hrXn Is≠-Øp-∂p.-D-Æn-b-®n-bnepw AXn-\p-th≠ sXfn-hp-Iƒ [mcm-f-ap-≠v.-]m-km-\p-]m-k-Zo-£-bnepw i_vZ-\n-jvT-bnepw Xmf-\n-_-‘-\-Ønepw Ihn ]mK¤yw ImWn-°p-∂p.

DÆn-b-®o-N-cnXw tIc-f- m-j-bpsS hnIm-k-Z-i-bn-sem-∂ns\ ]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp∂IrXn-bm-Wv. \ºq-Xn-cn-am¿ krjvSn® IrXn-a-amb ani- m-j-bpsS kz`mhw Cu IrXn-bn¬ ImWmw. ‚ cq]-ßƒ DÆn-b-®n-bn¬ [mcm-f-am-Wv. ]pcp-j-]-Xy-b-ßƒ [mcm-f-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Xme-hym-tZiw h∂Xpw hcm-Ø-Xp-amb cq]-ßƒ ImWp-∂p.eoem-Xn-e-I-Im-c≥ FSp-Øp-]-d-bp∂ k‘n-\n-b-a-ßƒ an°Xpw AtX-co-Xn-bn¬Cu IrXn-bn¬ ]h¿Øn®p ImWp-∂p. AgIpw am[p-cy-hp-ap≈ Ht´sd ]mNo-\-]-Z-ßfpw CXn-ep-≠v.

hrØ-K-‘n-bmb KZyw BZy-ambn ]Xy-£-s∏´ IrXn DÆn-b-®o-N-cn-X-am-Wv.-Xr-®-cfn t£X-Ønse inhs\ h¿Wn-®p-sIm-≠mWv Imhym-cw- w. ASn-°ogv Xo¿∞w,Xncp-s\-√n, ]m]-\m-in-\n, Xncp-a-cp-Xq¿ XpS-ßn-bh ]n∂oSv h¿Æn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Xncp-a-cp-Xqsc inh-t£-X-Øn¬ Ipw -am-k-Ønse ]kn-≤-amb AjvS-ao-the \S-°p-∂p.-A-Xp-I≠p\-S∂ BIm-i-Nm-cn-bmb Hcp K‘¿∆≥ kpµ-cn-bmb DÆn-b-®nsb I≠p.Ah-fn¬ BIr-jvS-\mbn a\p-jy-cq]w ]q≠v Abmƒ qan-bn¬ Ah-X-cn-®p.~Hcp _m“-W-hn-Zym¿∞n-tbmSv Ah-fpsS IY-Iƒ tNmZn-®-dn-™p.-IY tI´ K‘¿∆≥ B N -t\m-sSm∏w(_m“-W-hn-Zym¿∞n-) Ah-fpsS aµn-c-Øn-te°p t]mbn.-Xp-S¿∂v DÆn-b-®n-bpsS hoSpw ]cn-k-chpw h¿Wn-°p-∂p.-A-∂sØ tIcf-k-aq-l-Øns‚ Hcp bYm-XYNnXw Chn-sS-°m-Wmw. Hcp \mbn-Isb tIµo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v t£X-ßƒ, Aßm-Sn-Iƒ, P\-k-aq-lw, \mbn-Im-ku-µcyw XpS-ßn-bh h¿Wn°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p ]mNo\Nºq-Im-c-∑m-cpsS e£yw.hni-Z-]-T\w: DÆn-b-®o-N-cnXw ˛KZyw 11 hsc ( ]mNo\ Nºp )]Zyw 1Bibw:inh-Im-cp-Wy-Øm¬ ]cn-e-kn-°p∂ Xr®-fcn t£Xw ]pd-In-gm¿ \m´p-cm-Pmhv ‡n-bm¬ sNºp-sIm≠v \n¿an-®-Xm-Wv.-N-µ-au-en-bpsS A\p-K-l-Øm¬ kpIr-Xn-e£van h¿≤-\-tbm-Sp-IqSn ekn-®p.KZyw 2Bibw:inhs‚ k‘ym-\r-Øhpw ]m¿∆-Xo-tZ-hn-bpsS h¿W-\bpw

sN¥-fncp t]mse arZphpw Nph-∂-Xp-amb ]mZ-ß-fp-sSbpw Ic-ß-fp-sSbpw Np≠n-s‚bpw Im¥n-sIm≠v tim`n-°p-∂-hfpw, ]¥p-t]msebp≈Xpw Cf-bXpw Ag-Im-¿∂-Xp-amb sIm¶-I-fn¬ ]qsam- -Wn-™-hfpw Im¥s‚ apJ-Im-¥n-bm¬ kz¿W-I-a-e-am-b-hfpw at\-l-c-amb tcma-\n-c-bp≈ angn-tbmSp IqSn-b-hfpw(I¨ ]oen ˛ Ca)h-≠n≥ Nm¿Øp-t]mse at\m-l-c-amb Xe-ap-Sn-tbmSp IqSn-b-hfpw Nµ-in-Jm-a-Wn°vIo¿Øn-cXv\w F∂v ]d-b-s∏Sp∂ \ma-tØmSp IqSn-b-hfpw \nJn-em-\p-K-l-Øn-s‚bpwaqe-Im-cWw Rms\∂ hnNm-c-Øm¬ `qXn-tbmsS tim`n-°p-∂-h-fp-am-Ip∂p Chƒ]Zyw 2Bibw:ASn-°o-gns‚ h¿W\w

Ahn-sS-bm-Is´ B¿°pw AK-Wy-ambn ASn-°ogv CXym-Zn-bmb Xo¿∞-i-X-ß-fp-≠v.- q-an-bn¬ sshi-h-W-sa∂p aln-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xpw ap\n-Iƒ h∂p P]n-°p-∂-Xp-amb B sNdnb ÿew hnip-X-am-Wv.KZyw 3Bibw:Xncp-s\-√nsb h¿Wn-°p∂p



]Zyw 3Bibw:Xncp-s\√n Xo¿∞sØ h¿Wn-°p∂p

a‰p≈ henb ]m]w Xo¿°p∂ Xo¿Y-ti-jvT-am-Wn-sX∂v F¥n\v h¿Wn-°-s∏-SWw? Ahn-sS-Ø-s∂-bm-Wt√m aq∂p k‘y-I-fnepw ]Zvtam-Zv -h≥ t]mepw Xmtg-°p-h∂v hnjvWp-hns\ ]qPn-°p-∂Xv.]Zyw 4Bibw:Xncp-s\-√n-bpsS AXn-cp-Iƒ

sX°p `mKØv ......-]-Sn-™mdv Xncp-∏-c-∏v(-Xn-cp-s\-√n°p ]Sn-™m-dp≈ Imhv). hS-t°m-b-‰Øv Ipam-c-`-h-\w(_“-Kn-cn-bn-ep≈ t£Xw).In-g°v Zp¿§m-t£-Xw( Xncp-s\-√n-bpsS Ing-°p- m-K-Øp≈ h≈q¿°mhpw kqNn-Xw)KZyw 5Bibw:Xncp-a-cp-Xq-cns‚ h¿W\w]Zyw 5Bibw:h¿Wn-°m≥ NXp¿ap-J-\p-t]mepw ]bm-k-I-c-amb Xncp-a-cp-Xq¿ ]pcn-Iƒs°√mw Xne-Iambn´p-≈Xp Xs∂KZyw 5Bibw:Zpcn-XsØ C√m-Xm-°p∂ Ncn-X-tØmSp IqSn-b-h\pw lrZ-b-Øn¬ h¿≤n®Icp-Wbv°v Ccn-∏n-S-am-b-h\pw Np‰pw \n∂v \an-°p∂ tZh-∑m¿°v Zp¿√- -amb AarXvAcp-fns®bvXh-\p-amb hnjvWp AhnsS G‰hpw tim`n-°p-∂p.-A-cp-fn-s®bvX DS-t\-Xs∂ ]m\w sNøm≥ ]mSn-√mØ hnjw ]m\w sNbvX-h\pw A·n h¿jn-°p∂ItÆm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw ]pen-tØm¬ ]cn-ip-≤-amb hkvX-am-°n-b-h\pw ]® cXv\-°-√ns‚ tim -bp≈ Igp-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw Aa-cp∂ ÿe-amb AhnSw tijvT-ambhf-®p-hm-Xn-ep-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb Np‰p-a-Xn-ep≈ Xncp-a-cp-Xq-sc∂ aln-X-amb ÿeamIp-∂p.KZyw 6Bibw:Xncp-a-cp-Xq-cnse Nndsb h¿Wn-°p-∂p. taSw apX-ep≈ ae-bm-f-am-k-ß-fpsSt]cp-Ifpw Cu h¿W-\-bn¬ Dƒs°m-≈n-®n- p-≠v.

]Zyw 6

AXn-i-tbm-‡n-bm-bmepw ImWp-∂-h¿ I≈-am-sW∂p ]d-™mepw Rm≥ D≈-Xp-t]mse ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.B amfn-Ibpw Nndbpw B hn[-Øn¬ A∂pw C∂pw C\n-taepw tZh-∑m¿°p-t]mepw \n¿an-°m≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-√.

cmam-bWw Nºp (a[y-Ime Nºp)

a[y-Ime Nºp-°-fn¬ G‰hpw _rl-Ømb cmam-bW Nºp-hns‚ I¿Ømhv]q\w \ºq-Xn-cn-bm-sW∂v s]mXpsh AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏- n- p-≠v. ]q\hpw IrjvW-Km-Ym-Im-c-\mb sNdp-t»cn \ºq-Xn-cnbpw Hcm-fmWv F∂ Hc- n-]m-bhp-ap-≠v. ]p\-Øns‚Imew F.-Un.1425-˛\pw 1525 \pw at[y Bbn-cp-∂p. ]Xn-\©mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ D-Ø-cm¿≤-Øn-em-bn-cn-°Ww cmam-bW Nºp Fgp-X-s∏- -Xv. aWn-]-hmf `mj-bn¬ a[y-Im-e-tØm-sS-bp-≠m-b it≤-b-amb ]cn-Wm-a-ßƒv Cu IrXnbn¬ ImWm-\mhpw.`mj-bpsS kuIp-am-cysØ A¤p-X-I-c-ambn h¿≤n-∏n-°p-hm≥ Cu Nºp-Im-hy-Øn\pIgn-™n- p-≈-Xmbn iqc\m´p Ip™≥]n≈ A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. BZy-Ime aWn-]-hm-f-Øn\p hnjb Kuc-h-an-√m-bn-cp∂p. aWn-]-hm-f-Øn\p hnj-b-Ønepw ]Xn-]m-Z-\-Ønepw Kuchw t\Sn-s°m-SpØp F∂ ]ikvXn cmam-bWNºp I¿Øm-hn-\p-≠v. aWn-]-hmf am¿§-Øn¬ IqSn-bmWv ]p\w-k-©-cn-®-sX-¶nepw hnj-b-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ A±lw ]m´p Ihn-Isf amXr-I-bm°n cmam-b-tW-Xn-lm-k-sØ-Øs∂ kzoI-cn-®p. IqØn\pw ]mT-I-Øn\pw a‰pw D]-tbm-Kn-°-Ø-°-co-Xn-bn¬ CXn¬ hnj-b-ßƒ th¿Xn-cn®p ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. tXmgs\ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp∂ coXn-bn-



emWp cN-\. "Xangv' F∂p hnfn-®n-cp∂ am¿±w-Kn-I-∑m-cpsS IYm-]-Xn-]m-Z\ coXna[y-Im-e-N-ºp-Im-c-∑m¿°v amXr-I-bm-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°mw.

Nºp-°-fnse KZyw km[m-cW KZy-`m-j-bn¬ \n∂pw `n∂-am-Wv. ]Zy-Øns‚IrXn-a- wKn Ie¿∂ kz—-µ-K-Xn-bmWv Ah-bn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv. ZpX-K-Xn-bn-ep≈ HcpXcw Zmhn-U-hr-Ø-Øn-emWv `mjm-N-ºp-°-fnse KZy-Øns‚ cN-\. t«mI-ßƒIqSmsX `mjm-K-Zy-ßƒ, kwkvIrX KZy-ßƒ, aWn-]-hmf Zfi-I-ßƒ F∂n-hbpwCXn¬ Ie¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p.

hmevaoIn cmam-b-W-sØ-bmWv cmam-bW Nºp-Im-c≥ B[m-c-am°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. F¶nepwcLp-hw-iw, t`mP-Nºp B›-cy-Nq-Um-aWn XpSßn Ht´sd kwkvIrX IrXn-IsfAt±lw Bi-bn-®n- p-≠v. CXp IqSmsX ]e kwkvIrX Imhy-ß-fn-tebpw t«mI-ßƒ CXn¬ IS-∂p-Iq-Sn-bn- p-≠v. t`mPs‚ Nºp cmam-bWØnse 58 t«mI-ßfpw 4KZy-ßfpw CXn-ep-≠v. cLp-hw-i-Ønse 23 t«mI-ßfpw DØc cma-N-cn-X-Ønse ]Øvt«mI-ßfpw AtX a´n¬ CXn¬ tN¿Øp-Im-Wp-∂p. kwkvIrX Imhy-ß-fn¬ Xs∂CØcw Ie¿∏v [mcm-f-ambn ImWmw. CXn¬ \n∂v A\p-am-\n-°m-hp-∂Xv A°m-e-ß-fn¬ ]c-kv]cw Ihn-Xm- m-K-ßƒ kµ¿t`m-Nn-X-ambn FSpØp tN¿°p-∂Xp \njn-≤-ambn IW-°m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂n-s√-∂m-Wv. cmam-bW Nºq-Im-c\v kwkvIrX kmln-Xy-Øn¬ hnkvXr-X-amb ]cn-N-bhpw ]mWvUn-Xyhpw kn≤n-®n-cp-∂p.

Ht´sd Imhy- m-K-ßƒ a‰p IrXn-I-fn¬ \n∂v Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-s≠-¶nepw cN-\-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ B IrXn-Isfsbm∂pw cmam-bW Nºq-Im-c≥ ]n≥Xp-S-cp-∂n√F∂Xp it≤-b-am-Wv.kwkvIr-X-Ønse hninjvS-Im-hy-`m-K-ßƒ CXn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bXv Ahsb tIc-fob klr-Z-b¿°p ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°m≥ BK-ln-®-Xp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.CXnse hrØ-K-‘n-I-fmb KZy- m-K-ßƒ Xp≈ense ]kn-≤-amb Xcw-KnWn hrØ-Øns‚ ]q¿∆ amXr-I-I-fm-Wv. GXm≠p ap∏-tXmfw Zfi-I-ßƒ cmam-bWNºp-hn-ep-≠v. Ch ]n¬°m-eØv B -°-Ym-Im-c-∑m¿°pw amXr-I-bm-bn.

cmam-bW Imhyw Ggp-Im-fi-ß-fm-bn- mWv BZn-Ihn XpS-ßn-b-h¿ Fgp-Xn--bn-´p-≈-Xv. F∂m¬ Nºq-Im-c≥ CXns\ Ccp-]Xv ]_-‘-ß-fmbn Xncn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. CXvNmIym-∑m¿°p IYm-I-Y\ kuI-cy-Øn-\p-th≠n Ias∏-Sp-Øn-b-XmImw.

hni-Z-]-T\w:cmam-bWw Nºp ˛ DZym-\-]-th-iw (a-[y-Ime Nºp)

cmambW-N-ºp-hnse efn-Xhpw at\m-l-c-hp-amb Hcp `mK-amWv DZym-\-]-th-iw.81 t«mI-ßfpw 3 KZy-ßfpw Hcp Zfi-Ihpw Cu `mK-Øn-e-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. t«mI-ß-fn¬ `qcn-`m-Khpw kKv≤-cm-hr-Ø-Øn-emWv cNn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. im¿±q-e-hn-Io-Un-Xw, inJ-c-Wn, amen-\n, hk-¥-Xn-eIw XpS-ßnb hrØ-ßfpw sshNn-Xy-Øn-\p-th≠nD]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. c≠p KZy-ßƒ Xcw-Kn-Wo-hr-Ø-Øn-emWv cNn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

cmam-bWw kpµ-c-Im-fisØ ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bmWv DZym-\-]-thiw cNn-®n-cn-°p-∂-sX-¶nepw Nne -am-‰-ßƒ Ihn hcp-Øn-bn- p-≠v. cmh-W≥ koXsb Atim-I-h-\-Øn¬ sIm≠n-cp-Øn-b-Xn-\p-tijw A∂p cmXn t]mbn ]tem- n-∏n-°p∂ a´n-emWvDZym-\-]-thiw cNn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hnZy-÷n-lzs\ hnfn®v \n¿t±-i-ßƒ sImSp-°p-∂Xpw\£-X-ßsf hnfn®v A`y¿∞n°p-∂Xpw Ihn Iev]n-X-am-Wv. ]n∂oSp≈ Ntµm-Z-b-h¿Æ-\-Øn\v If-sam-cp-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bmWv Cu hyXym-k-ßƒ hcp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Atim-I-h-\-Øn-te-bv°p≈ cmh-Ws‚ bmXbv°v ASn-apSn tIc-fo-b-Omb\¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p.



koXsb ]tem- n-∏n-°m≥ cmh-W≥ sNøp∂ \o≠ hmNm-e-amb ]kw-K-amWvCu `mK-Ønse knwl`mK-hpw. hmevao-In-cm-a-mb-W-Ønse ]uVnbpw HmP pwhocyhpw sXfn-™p-\n-ev°p∂ cmh-W-\√ DZym-\-]-th-i-Ønse cmh-W≥. hnS\pwPf-\p-amb tIc-f-Ønse Hcp CS-]- p-hns‚ Omb-bmWv cmh-W\p \evIn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. cmh-Ws‚ ^en-X-]-cn-lm-k-ßƒ Nne-t∏mƒ Ak-`y-ambn Xcw-Xm-gp∂p. Xs‚ap∂n-en-cn-°p∂ km[m-cW P\-ßsf ckn-∏n-°m-\mWv Nºq-Im-cs‚ iaw. aqe-I-Ym-]m-X-Øns‚ hy‡nXzw XcwXmWp t]mhp-∂Xv Cu Nncn-∏n-°m-\p≈ ia-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ At±lw Adn-bp-∂n-√.

cmh-Ws‚ NnXo-I-c-W-Ønse \yq\X koX-bpsS NnXo-I-c-Ww-sIm≠v Ihn \nI-Øn-bn- p-≠v. ""koXm-\o-e-∏-\-∏q-¶p-e-sbm-sS-Xn-cnSpw'' F∂ t«mIw Hcp NnXw-t]msehmb-\-°m-cs‚ a\- n¬ ]Xnbpw. cmh-Ws‚ hmNm-e-Xbv°v Hcp Xmc-Xayw F∂\ne-bn¬ koXsb XnI®pw hm‹n-bm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. cmh-Ws‚ Ccp-]-Xp-I-hn-f-ØpwASn-°pI F∂ tPmen amXta atfim-Z-cn°v Ihn \¬In-bn- p≈p. Bfp-Isf Nncn-∏n-°pI amX-amWv atfim-Z-cn-bpsS Ah-X-c-W-Øns‚ Dt±-iyw.

h¿Æ-\-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ X\n-°p≈ ]mK¤yw apgp-h≥ Ntµm-Zb h¿Æ-\-Øn-eqsS Ihn ]I-S-am-°p-∂p-≠.v ""]mNoc-a-Wn-h-Z\wt]mse'' F∂m-cw- n-°p∂ KZywi_vZ `wKn-sIm≠pw Ae-¶m-c- w-Kn-sIm≠pw anI-®-Xm-Wv. cmh-Ws‚ bmX h¿-Æn-°p∂ KZyw ÿq-e-am-Wv. bmX-bn¬ sIm≠p-t]mb km[-\-ß-fpsS Hcp "enÃv' BKZy-Øn-ep-≠v. ""hc-h¿Æn\o \osb¥p I¨sIm≠p ImWm-™n-Xn-t∏mƒ'' F∂cmh-Ws‚ hmIy-amb KZyw Ah-km\w Ak- y-X-bn-te°p hgp-Xn-ho-gp-∂p.1. kXyw ht√m¿°p-am-]-Øp-Iƒ QSnXn s]Sp-t∂-chpw ]¶-Pm£w

`‡ym -hn-izky NntØ Icp-Xp-In¬ \nJnew Zqsc \oßo-Sp-as√mDZymt\ cmh-W≥ Xm≥ ]W-b-l-Xn-cp-jm-sIm-√p-hm≥ hmfp-am-b˛sßØp-tºmƒ cma-`Zw am\-kn-I-cp-Xp-a-÷m-\-In-s°-∂-t]mse(]¶-Pm-£w˛ ]¶-Pm-£s\ (hn-jvWp-hn-s\) `‡ym˛ `‡n-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn. hnin-

ky-˛-hn-iz-kn-®n-´v. \nJnew ˛ apgp-h\pw. ]W-b-l-Xn-cpjm ˛]W-b-`wKw sIm≠p-≠mb tIm]-Øm¬............A¿∞w :˛ B¿s°-¶nepw s]s´∂v B]Øv hcp∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬, hnjvWp-hns\hniz-kn-®n´v `‡n-tbm-Sp-IqSn a\- n¬ [ym\n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ B B]-Øp-Iƒ apgp-h\pw \oßpw F∂Xv kXy-am-Wv. DZym-\-Øn¬ h®v ]W-b-`wKw sIm≠p-≠mbtIm]-Øm¬ cmh-W≥ sIm√p-hm≥ hmfp-ambn FØn-b-t∏mƒ iocm-as\ a\- n¬[ym\n® koX-bvs°-∂Xp -t]m-se.

CXv Ah-Xm-c-I-ivtfm-I-am-Wv. `‡n-kw-h¿≤-I-amb Hcp XXz-I-Y-\-tØm-Sp-IqSn]Xn-]m-Zy-amb IY kqNn-∏n-°p∂ CØcw Ah-X-c-W-t«m-I-ßƒ `mjmNºp-°-fpsSHcp ]tXy-I-X-bm-Wv. `mjm-N-ºp-°ƒ ]mTIw ]d-bp-∂-Xn\v D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂p F∂vCØcw Ah-X-c-W-t«m-I-ßƒ kqNn-∏n-°p∂p. kwkvIr-X-\m-S-I-ß-fnse \mµn°pkam-\-amWv Ah-X-c-W-t«m-Iw.2. sshtZlow \nd-am¿∂-tim-I-h-\n-Im-at≤y \n[mb kvatcm˛

∑mZo-cm-£-k-N-I-h¿Øn kl-km-kw-]m]y iøm-KrlwPmXm-\-µ-a-W-™-gn-™-\p-k-cn-∏m-s\-¥p-]mbw \ap˛t°tX\pw ]p\-sc∂p k¥-X-a-ku-Nn-¥n-®n-cp-∂o-Sn-\m≥

(sshtZ-lnw-˛-ssh-tZ-lnsb (ko-X-sb) \nd-am¿∂ ˛ at\m-l-c-amb,Atim-I-h-\o-Im-a-t≤y˛ Atim-I-h-\n-I-bpsS a≤y-Øn¬ \n[mb ˛ sh®n´v,kvatcm-∑m-Zn- -Im-a-`m-¥p-]n-Sn-s]-´,kl-km-˛-s]-s´∂v, kw]m-]y-˛-]m-]n-®n´v,PmXm-\µw ˛ B\-µ-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn, Agn-™v-˛-e-÷-sb√mw Dt]-£n-®n´v.............



A¿∞w:- koXsb Atim-I-h-\n-Im-a-≤y-Øn¬ sh®n v Ima-`m-¥p-]n-Sn-s]´ cm£-k-N-I-h¿Øn-bmb Cu cmh-W≥ iøm-Kr-lsØ s]s´∂v ]m]n-®n- v, Chƒ (Cu koX)kt¥m-j-tØmsS e÷-sb√mw Dt]-£n®v Xs∂ ]m]n®v A\p-k-cn-°p-hm≥ F¥mWvam¿§-sa∂v Btem-Nn®v Ccp-∂p.

IYm-k-µ¿`sØ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv Cu t«mIw, hflo-Io-cm-am-b-W-Øn¬ c≠pÿeØv cmh-W≥ koXsb ]tem-`n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn ]d-bp-∂p-≠v. 1. BcWy-ImWvUw 55˛mw k¿K-Øn¬,2. kpµ-c-ImWvUw 18 apX¬ 22 hsc-bp≈ k¿§-ß-fn¬ Cu t«mI-Øns‚ BZysØhcn hmbn-°p-tºmƒ koXsb A]-l-cn-®-Xn-\p-tijw DS≥ \S-Øp∂ Bc-Wy-Im-WvU-Ønse koXm-]-tem-`-\-amWv Imhy hnjbw F∂p-tXm-∂pw. F∂m¬ cmh-Ws‚ Atim-I-h-\n-Im-]-th-i-\-Øn-\p≈ Hcp-°-ß-sf√mw kpµ-c-Im-WvUsØ A\p-k-cn-®mWv ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂-Xv. ]t£ kpµ-c-Im-WvU-Øn¬ cmh-Ws‚ DZym-\-]-th-i-\-Øn\v km£n-bmbn l\p-am-\p-≠v. Nºp-hn¬ l\p-am-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp ]cm-a¿i-hp-an-√. l\p-ams\ Hgp-hm-°n-s°m-≠p≈ Cu DZym-\-]-th-i\w Nºp-Im-cs‚kzX-¥-I-ev]\m sshZ-Kv[y-sØ-bmWv Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xv ).3. s]m≥sIm-≠m-hXp sNbvItbm ]pS-htbm

cXv\-ßtfm cmintbm`wKym-\√ Ie-ºt\m aW-ap-em-

ho-Sp∂ IkvXq-cntbmirwKm-c-Zh ioX-fmw_p \ndbpw

sNtºm aWn-°m-©ntbmkwKw tN¿∏-Xn-s\¥p \¬Ip-h-sXtSm

koXbv°p PmXm-Zcw(cmin˛ ]g-b-Im-eØv ]Nm-c-Øn-en-cp∂ kz¿Æ-\m-W-bw. Ie-º≥ ˛ ]e-Xcw

]q°ƒ tIm¿Øp-≠m-°p∂ ame. aW-ap-em-ho-Sp-∂- -kp-K‘w ]k-cn-°p-∂. irwKm-c-Zh ioX-fmw_p˛ir-Km-c-t]m-j-I-amb If`w, ]\n-\o¿ XpS-ßn-bh Ie¿Ønb XWp-Ø -sh-≈w. aWn-°m-©n- -cXv\w ]Xn® Ac-™m¨. kwKw-tN¿∏-Xn-\v- -C-W-°p-∂-Xn-\v. (kvt\lw D≠m-°p-∂-Xn-\v)......koXsb GXp-hn-[-Øn¬ hio-I-cn°mw F∂mWvcmh-Ws‚ Nn¥. kz¿Æw, hnti-j-s∏´ hkvX-ßƒ, ]qam-e, kpK-‘-Z-hy-ßƒ,B -c-W-ßƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-sb√mw kvXoIƒ°p Xmev]-cy-ap-≠p-hp-at√m Ah-bn-teXp\¬In-bmWv koX-bpsS kvt\lw kºmZn-t°-≠Xv F∂ F∂v cmh-W≥ Nn¥n-°p-∂p.B Ime-L- -Ønse tIc-f-Ønse Hcp CS-]- p-hns‚ Omb-bmWv cmh-W\p \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu tIc-fo-b-X-bmWv ]n¬°m-eØv \ºym¿ Xs‚ Ihn-X-I-fn¬ hnI-kn-∏n-®-Xv.hrØw: im¿±q-e-hn-Io-UnXw4. e¶m-[o-i≥ XZm\ow ]e-]-cn-Np-\n-cq-]n-®p-sIm-≠¿≤-cmtX

irwKm-c-t°m∏v hmbv]n-®n-\nb P\-I-Pm-k-∂n-[u-sN-∂-i¶wkwKw tN¿°p∂ \m\m-hn[ a[p-c-tNm-ssh- -ssh-cm-iz-kn-∏n˛®wKo-I¿Ø-hy-ant∂ ]p\-cnXn kpZrVw Iev]-bm-am-k-Kp-Vw.

(XZm-\ow-˛-A-t∏mƒ, ]e-]-cn-®p-˛-]-e-]-Im-c-Øn¬, irwKm-c-t°m-∏p-hm-bv]n-®v˛irwKm-c-t]m-j-I-ß-fmb km[-\-ßƒ kw`-cn-®v, C\nb tijvT-bmb P\-IPmk∂n[u ˛ koX-bpsS kao-]Øv, a[p-c-h-tNm-ssh- ssh: ˛ a[p-c-am-b-hm-°p-I-fpsSkma¿∞y-Øm¬. AwKo-I¿Øhyw ˛ A\p-k-cn-∏n-°-Ww......A¿∞w : At∏mƒ cmh-W≥ ]e-]-Im-c-Øn¬ ]n¥n-cn®v A¿≤-cm-Xn-bn¬ irwKm-c-h¿≤-I-amb BS-bm- -c-W-ßƒ [cn-®pw, km[-\-ßƒ kw -cn®pw tijvT-amb koX-bpsS apºn¬ aSn-Iq-SmsX sN∂v Ahsf ]e hn[-Øn-ep≈ a[p-c-hm-°p-I-sf-s°m≠v



Biz-kn-∏n®v C∂p-Xs∂ A\p-k-cn-∏n-°-W-sa∂v cl-ky-ambn \n›-bn-®p-d-∏n-®p.hrØw: kKv≤c5. Akva-Zzn-I-a-tN-jvSn-Xm\n \nJne ssXtem-Iy-tl-em-P-b˛

]lzo- qX kpcm -kp-cmWn _lp-tim- q-ta- pXm irWzXo]Xyu-tZz-j-I-jm-bn-tX-\-a-\km kv\nKv[m-a-bnÿmkyXnkvXoWmw t]a bZp-Ø-tcm-Øc KpW-Km-a-kv]rlm N©ew(AkvaXv + hnI-a-tN-jvSn-Xm\n ˛ Akva-Zzn-I-a-tN-jvSn-Xm\n ˛ Fs‚ ]cm-I-a-

]-hr-Øn-Isf,\nJn-e-ssX-tem-Iy-tl-em-P-b-]-lzo-`q-X-kp-cmWn (hn-I-a-tN-jvSn-Xm\nF∂-Xns‚ hnti-j-Ww). aq∂p temI-ß-sfbpw \njv]-bmkw Pbn®p tZhm-kp-c-∑msc Iogvs∏-Sp-Ønb ]lzo-`q-Xw-˛-tXm-ev]n-°-s∏´. `qta- p-Xm-˛-`q-ao-]p-Xn (-ko-X).irWzXn ˛ tIƒ°p-∂-h-fm-bn- v. ]Xyu- -]-Xn-bn¬ (`¿Øm-hn¬). tZzj-I-jm-bn-tX-a-\-km- -tZzjw Ie¿∂ a\-t m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-fm-bn. abn- -F-∂n¬. kv\nKv≤m-ÿm-ky-Xn- -kv\n-Kv≤-bmbn ÿnXn-sN-øpw. (kvt\-l-ap-≈-h-fmbn `hn-°pw). bXv- -F-¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬. kvXoWmw t]a:˛kvXo-I-fpsS t]aw. DØ-tcm-Ø-c-Kp-W-Km-akv ]rlm-N-©-ew˛ ta¬°p-ta¬ tijvT-ß-fmb KpW-ß-fpsS Iq -Øn¬ BK-l-ap-≈-XmbnN©-e-am-bn-cn-°pw. kv]rl˛B-K-lw. Kmaw-˛-Iq-´w.......A¿∞w:˛ aq∂p temI-ß-sfbpw \njv]-bmkw Pbn-®, kpcm-kp-c-∑msc Iogvs∏-Sp-ØnbF‚ v ]cm-I-a-]-hr-Øn-Isf°pdn®v tI v koX `¿Øm-hn¬ tZzj-ap-≈-h-fmbn F∂n¬kvt\l-ap-≈-h-fmbn `hn-°pw. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ kvXoI-fpsS t]aw ta¬°p-ta¬tijvT-ß-fmb KpW-k-aq-l-Øn¬ Xmev]-cy-ap-≈-Xmbn N©-e-am-bn-cn-°pw.

kvXoIfptS kvt\lw N©-e-am-sW∂pw IqSp-X¬ KpW-ap-≈n-S-tØ°v AXvNen-°p-sa∂pw cmh-W≥ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. Xs‚ ]cm-I-a-ß-sf-°p-dn®p tIƒ°p-tºmƒcma-t\m-Sp≈ Xmev]cyw \in®v koX X∂n¬ A\p-cp-‡-bm-bnØocpw F∂mWvcmh-Ws‚ ]Xo-£6. hnZyp-÷nlzm! hnfn-®o-SpI kI-e-Iem kpµcw Nµ-tZhw

apKv≤w amWn-Iy-am-em-a-g-sIm-Sp-sImSp \o Nmcp-Xm-cm-K-Wm-\m˛an∞w am\n-®p-Xq\mw KW-a]n khnt[ thW-a-kvam-Zr-im\mw

(hnZyp-÷n-lz≥ ˛ iq¿∏-W-J-bpsS `¿Ømhv, hnZyp-÷n-lzs\ hnfn®v cmh-W≥\¬Ip∂ Iev]-\-bmWv Bdp apX¬ HºXp hsc-bp≈ «mI-ß-fn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂-Xv,kIe Iem-kp-µcw ˛ F√m Ie-I-sf-s°m≠pw ]q¿Æ-\mb (kp-µ-c-\m-b), Nµ-tZhw- N-µ-tZ-h-s\. Akym-\n-im-bmw- Cu cmXn-bn¬, Nmcp- -a-t\m-l-c-am-b. AkvZr-im-\mw˛ Fs∂-t∏m-se-bp-≈-h-cpsS.......A¿∞w: hnZyp-÷nlzm kI-e-I-em-kp-µ-cmb Nµ-tZ-hs\ hnfn-°p-I. Cu cmXn-bn¬at\m-l-c-amb \nem-hns‚ \ndw-sIm≠v tim -h-cp-ØWw. \£-X-K-W-ßƒ°v apØp-sIm≠pw amWn-Iyw-sIm≠pw D≠m-°nb ame-Iƒ \¬Ip-I. Fs∂-t∏m-se-bp-≈-h-cpsS kao-]Øv F√m EXp-°fpw _lp-am-\-]q¿∆w D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. A¿≤-cm-Xn°v]q¿Æ-N-µ≥ DZn-°pI F∂Xv ]Ir-Xn-bn¬ kw -hn-°p-∂-X-√t√m? Xs‚ ]`mhwImWn-°m-\mWv B A¿≤-cm-Xn°v ]q¿Æ-N-µ≥ DZn-°Ww F∂v cmh-W≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Akm-≤y-am-bXp km[n-°p-∂-Xn-em-Wt√m alXzw ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-Xv.7. kz¿thiym K¿∆-lo\w Na-I, P\-I-Pm˛

k∂n-[u\mw ]pd-s∏˛´mhym-t£]w \S°pw s]mgpXp hgn-sX-fn-

®o-Sp-hm-\-K-`mtKH∆m-a-WvtUm-Z-cn-s°-∂Xp a\-kn-I-f˛

s™s∂ c£n° koXmsNm∆m-∏q-t¥≥ hg-ßo-Sp-In-sem-gnsb hcm˛

Xm\p-sa-∂m-e-Xm-kvXmw.



(kz¿th-iy˛D¿∆-in, ta\-I, cw`, Xntem-Øa XpS-ßnb tZh-tem-I-Ønse thiy-Iƒ, Ahym-t£-]w˛ ZrV-\n-›-b-tØm-sS. (X-S w IqSm-sX) AK- m-tK˛ apºn¬.H∆m- -H-°p-I-bn-√. sNm∆m-]q-t¥≥˛ Nph∂ Np≠p-I-fm-Ip∂ ]pXnb tX≥. BkvXmw˛Ccn-°-s´........A¿∞w: koXm k∂n-[n-bn-tebv°v ZrV-\n-›-b-tØmsS ]pd-s∏-Sp∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ap≥]n¬ hgn-Im-Wn-°p-hm≥ k¿t∆-iy-Iƒ K¿∆n-√msX AWns™mcp-ßp-I. aWvtUm-Z-cn°v AXv H°p-I-bn-√. (C-jvS-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√) F∂ hnNmcw a\- n¬ \n∂v If™vFs∂ c£n-°p-I. koX-bpsS sN©p-≠p-I-fm-Ip∂ tX≥ hg-ßpI F∂-sXm-gn®va‰p-≈-sX√mw Ccn-°-s´.

aWvtUm-Z-cnsb ]cn-N-cn-°m-\mWv cmh-W≥ kz¿t∆-iy-Isf kz¿§-Øp-\n∂vsIm≠p-h-∂-Xv. koXm-h-io-I-c-W-Øn\v Ahsc sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂Xv aWvtUm-Z-cn°vCjvSs∏-Sp-I-bn√ F∂p hnNm-cn®v Ah¿ hcm-Xn-cp-∂mtem F∂v i¶n-®mWv cmh-W≥ Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Ct∏mƒ aWvtUm-Z-cn-bpsS Imcyw t\mt°-≠, koXm-h-io-I-c-W-Øn\v Xs∂ klm-bn-®m¬ aXn F∂v Bi-bw)8. ]msem-ØoSpw \nem-h-Ø-g-In-s\mSp ]pd-

s∏´p \n¬°pw ZimbmwXmen-s∏-Æp-ß-f-øm-bn-c-sam-cp-X-cta

thW-sa-∂-tK-k-tJewtIme-Øm-c-º-\ºpw Xncp-In-b-cn-In-em˛

tIW-a≥t]m-Sp-s]m-∂n≥Xme-Øn¬ ssIhn-f-°n≥ \nc \nc-h[n

thWw Itc Iman-\o\mw(]mep-t]m-ep≈ \nem-hn¬ Rm≥ AWn-s™m-cpßn ]pd-s∏-Sm≥ \n¬°p-tºmƒ

Fs‚ apºn¬ eoem-hn-em-k-tØmSp IqSn Aøm-bncw awK-ey-h-Xn-I-fmb kvXoIƒD≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. Iman-\n-am-cpsS ssIbn¬ ssIhn-f-°p-I-fpsS \nc \nc-h[n D≠m-h-Ww.

BtLm-j-Øn\v awK-ey-h-Xn-I-fmb kvXoIƒ Xme-s∏m-en-sb-SpØp apºn¬\S-°p∂ tIc-f-Ønse BNm-c-sØ-bmWv cmh-Ws‚ hm°p-Iƒ A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Atim-I-h-\n-I-bn-te°v \qdp kpµ-cn-Iƒ cmh-Ws\ ]n≥Xp-S¿∂p F∂mWvhmevaoIocmam-b-W-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. AXv Nºp-Im-c≥ Aøm-bn-c-am-°n).9. ]mtSWw ]m¿iz- mtK a[p-a-[p-c-Kncm

\mc-Z≥ Xm≥ hnti-jn-®m-tSWw apºn-em-Ωm-d-a-c-]p-c-N-tIm˛

cm£n-am-cm-Ø-Km\wKpVw t`Zn®p koXmw hnc-shmSp hi-am˛

°oSp-hm-s\-¥p-]mbwKmVw \man-∂p-a‰pw ]e-h-gn-s]-cpam

tdWan∂pw ]Im-cw.( a[p-a-[p-c-Kncm ˛ tX≥t]mse a[p-c-amb hm°-IƒsIm-≠v, Aa-c-]p-c-N-tIm-cm-

£n-am¿- -kz¿§-kp-µ-cn-am¿. BØ-Km-\w˛ BZm\w sNø-s∏´ (kzo-I-cn-°-s∏- ) Km\-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn. t`Zn-®v-˛-C-f-°n. koXmw˛ koX-sb....... Rm≥ t]mIp∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Fs‚ ]m¿iz- m-KØv \mc-Z≥ tX≥t]mse a[p-c-amb ]Z-ß-fm¬ ]mS-Ww. apºn¬ kz¿§-kp-µ-cn-am¿ ]mSn-s°m≠v \rØw hbv°-Ww. kqX-Øn¬ koX-bpsS a\- n-f°n Ahsf thK-Øn¬ hi-am-°m-\p≈ D]mbwF¥mtWm AsX√mw KmV-ambn \mw C∂p ]tbm-Kn-°-Ww.

“a[p-a-[p-c-Kncm” F∂-Xn\v “a[p-c-X-c-Kncm” F∂pw “s]cp-am-td-W-an-∂pw-]-Imcw”F∂-Xn\v “s]cp-am-td-W-an∂pw ]Imaw” F∂pw ]mT-t`-Z-ap-≠v).



10. C∞w Iev]n-s®-gp-t∂-‰f-hp-Z-b-Kncusas√ sas√-∂p-Zn®p

NnØm-\µw P\m\mw sXfn-shmSp hf-cpw˛amdp ]obq-j-[mam

]Øm-imt¥ sNmcn-™o-Sn\ lna-I-Wn-Im˛amebm sas√ sas√

∂nssX-temIyw Ipfp¿∏n-®-\p-]-a-]-c-am˛\µ-k-tµm-l-Zm-bn.

(]obq-j-[m-am- -A-ar-Xn\v Ccn-∏n-S-am-b-h≥ (N-µ≥). ]Øm-im-t¥- -]-Øp-Zn-°nepw.]c-am-\-µ-k-tµm-l-Zm-bn- -]-c-am-\-µ-k-tµm-lsØ \¬Ip-∂-h≥, ktµm-lw˛ Iq´w........cmh-W≥ C]-Imcw Iev]n®v Fgp-t∂‰ Ah-k-c-Øn¬ P\-ß-fpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬B\µw sXfn-™p hc-Ø-°-hn-[-Øn¬, ]Øp-Zn-°nepw sNmcn™ a™n≥ Xp≈n-bm-Ip∂ ame-sb-s°m≠v aq∂p temI-sØbpw Ifp¿∏n®v ]c-am-\-µ-k-aqlw \¬Ip-hm-\mbn Db-Z-]¿∆-XØn¬ Nµ≥ ]Xp-s°-∏-Xps° DZn-®p.

XpS¿∂p hcp∂ KZyhpw 11,12,13 F∂o t«mIßfpw Ntµm-Z-bsØ h¿Æn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. h¿Æ-\-I-fmWv alm-Im-hy-ß-fpsSsb∂-t]mse Nºp-Im-hy-ß-fp-sSbpwBflm-hv. IY-bn-ep≈ ]m[m-\ytam kµ¿`tam H∂p h¿Æ-\-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ Nºp-am¿ ]cn-K-Wn-°m-dn-√).KZyw1.

]mNo-c-aWo hZ\w t]msecP-\o-tbm-jm-ap-Ipcw t]msesFµo-I-\-I-tØmS IWs°aZ-\-s∏-Æn≥ Xmen-I-Ws°kpc-X-Kp-tcm-sc-gp-am-hW t]msea∑-Y-h-c-hn-se-Xn¿Øp ]nSn°pwsh◊p-Øp-°pS Xs∂-t∏mseaµw t]m∂p-Zn-bmb iim¶:]obpjsØfn X∂n¬ hnfßpwI¿∏q-c-s∏mSn XqIn-\-t]msessXtem-Iy-Øn≥ ]p©n-cn-t]mse]m¬°-S¬ t]m∂p hcp∂ IWt°]mWvUp-c-`kvaw NnX-dn-\-t]msesh¨I-fn-sbßpw tX®-I-Ws°apØp-IƒsIm≠p hnX-®-I-Ws°Ipfp¿a-bn¬h-fcpw a[p-c-\n-em-hn≥]`-I-≠-Jn-e-\n-im-N-c-\n-hlw]nb-X-a-am-scmSp tN¿∂p-I-fn-®˛ß`n-\-h-a-[p-]m-t\m-’-h-am¿∂p.at\m- mh X¥w ]pXp-a-s]-SpØpw]S-Ifn ]e-X-c-amip XpS¿∂pw\ne-hn-fn-\n-hnsc \S-Øn-bp-aøm!]e ]e tIfn hnt\m-Z-an-b∂pw]c-am-\-µ-]-tbm-\n[n X∂n¬]c-am¿t∞\ \na-·-a-tijw(]mNo-c-a-Wo-h-Z-\w-˛-In-g-s°-Zn-°m-Ip∂ kvXobpsS apJw, sFµo˛ CµmWn

(In-gs° Zn°v) sFµo-I-\-I-tØmS F∂-Xn\p ]Icw e£vao-I-\-I-tØmsS F∂pw]mT-ap-≠v, kpcX-Kp-tcm-˛-kpcX-Kpcphns‚, Bh-W-˛-B-h-W-∏-eI (C-cn-∏n-Sw) DZn-bm-b-˛-D-Zn-®p, ]mWvUp-`-kvaw-˛-sh-fp-Ø-`-kvaw. sh¨I-fn-˛-sh-fpØ sNfn (Ip-g-ºv),at\m--h-X-¥w˛Ima-imkvXw, ]pXp-a-s]-SpØpw ˛ ]pXnb coXn-bn¬ ]tbm-Kn-®pw. \nhn-

sc˛ D®-Øn¬.........



BZysØ F´p-h-cn-I-fn¬ DZn-®p-b-cp∂ Nµ-s\bpw, ASpØ F´p-h-cn-I-fn¬\nem-hn-s\bpw h¿Æn-°p-∂p. NµnI cm£-k-°q- -Øn-ep-≠m-°nb ]Xn-I-c-W-amWvASpØ hcn-I-fn¬.Nµ≥ Ings° Zn°m-Ip∂ kpµ-cn-bpsS apJ-am-sW∂pw cmXn-bm-Ip∂ kvXobpsS IÆm-Sn-bm-sW∂pw BZysØ c≠p hcn-I-fn¬ D¬t]-£n-°p-∂p. “t]mse” F∂Xv D]-am-hm-N-I-sa-∂-Xp-t]mse D¬t]-£m-hm-N-I-hp-am-Wv. D]-ta-b-Øn\v Bh-iy-ap-≈-Xn¬°-hn™ hnti-jWw D]-am-\-Øn\v D≠m-bn-cn-°p-ItbmsNbvXm¬ Ahn-S-ß-fnse t]mse F∂-Xns\ D¬t]-£m-hm-N-I-ambn IW-°m-°Ww F∂mWv Ae-¶m-c-im-kvX-\n-b-aw. Cu \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn®v ChnsS D¬t]-£-bmWv Ae-¶m-cw. “]mNo-c-aWn” “cP-\o-tbmj” F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ cq]-I-hp-ap-≠v.

ASpØ hcn-I-fn¬ D]-a-bmWv Ae-¶m-cw. Nµs\ sFµn-bpsS I\-I-tØm-S-tbmSpw cXn-bpsS Xmen-tbmSpw Ima-tZ-hs‚ Bh-W-∏-e-I-tbmSpw apØp-°p-StbmSpwkmZr-iy-s∏-Sp-Ø-Xn-bn-cn°p∂XpsIm≠v amtem-]-a.

\nem-hns\ Aar-X-Z-h-Øn¬ XqInb I¿∏q-c-s∏m-Sn-bmtWm F∂pw ]memgnh∂p ]c-∂-XmtWm F∂pw ]mWvUp-c- kvaw NnX-dn-b-XmtWm F∂pw apØp hnX-®-XmtWm F∂pw _e-ambn i¶n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v D¬t]-£. \nem-hns‚ ioX-fn-abpw, IÆn-\p-\¬Ip∂ kuJy-hpw, \nd-hpw, BI¿j-IXzhpw Cu Iev]-\-IƒhyRvPn-∏n-°p-∂p. H∂n-s\-Øs∂ ]e-Xmbn i¶n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v amtem¬t]£Ae-¶m-cw.

\nemhv Imtam-±o-]-I-am-Wt√m? cm£-k-°q- -Øn¬ \nem-hp-W¿Ønb cXn- m-h-]-I-S-\-ß-fmWv ASpØ hcn-I-fn¬ h¿Æn-°p-∂-Xv).11. It]mte am¿÷mc:]b-C-Xn-I-cm≥teVniin-\˛

kvXcp-bvOn-Z-t]m-Xm≥ _nk-CXn Icow kwh-ebXncXmt¥ Xev]-ÿm≥ lcXn h\n-Xm-]yw-ip-IanXn]`m-a-Ø-›tµm PK-Zn-Z-atlm hn`-a-b-Xn. (Xcp-—n-Z-t]m-Xm≥ (a-c-Øn-\n-S-bn-eqsS IS∂p hcp-∂), _nk-CXn (Xm-a-c-h-f-

b-am-sW-∂v àn-®v), kwh-e-bXn (h-en-°p-∂p) , cXm-t¥(-kw-t`m-Km-h-km-\-Øn¬),Xev]-ÿm≥ (X-ev]-Øn-en-cn-°p-∂), AwipIw CXn˛ (h-kvX-am-sW-∂p- [-cn-®v), lcXn (F-Sp-°p-∂p), ]`m-aØ:Nµ: (]- m-a-Ø-\mb Nµ≥), PK-ZnPw (CutemI-sØ)........

Nµ≥ ]e-cn-ep-≠m-°nb à-amWv Cu t«mI-Øn¬ h¿Æn-°p-∂-Xv. ]q® Xs‚Ihn-fn¬ ]Xn® Nµ-civan I≠v ]mem-sW∂v sX‰n-≤-cn®v \°p-∂p. ac-Øn-\n-S-bn-eqsS IS-∂p-h-cp∂ Nµ-c-ivan-Iƒ I≠n´v Xma-c-h-f-b-am-sW∂v sX‰n-≤-cn®v B\]nSn®p hen-°p-∂p. kwt`m-Km-\-¥cw InS-°-bn-en-cn-°p∂ kvXobv°v AXv hkvX-am-sW-∂mWv tXm∂n-b-Xv. kmZriyw sIm≠p≈ àw h¿Æn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ `m¥n-am≥ Ae-¶m-cw).12. Nµ-\-N¿®m IpNtbm:

[Ωnt√ a√n-Im-Zma£uXw \nXw-_-_nwt_Nµ-Icm: £ma-a-≤ym-\mw.(£ma-a-≤ym-\mw-˛-Ir-i-a-≤y-Iƒ°v (kp-µ-cn-Iƒ°v), IpN-tbm˛ IpN-ß-fn¬ (kvX-

\-ß-fn¬), Nµ-Im-cm(-N-µ-c-ivan-Iƒ), Nµ-\-N¿®m (N-µ-\-te-]-am-bn-Øo¿∂p), [Ωn-t√(-X-e-ap-Sn-s°-ń¬), a√n-Im-Zm-a(-ap-√-∏q-am-e-bm-bn-Øo¿∂p), \nXw-_-_nw-t_(\n-Xw-_-Øn¬), £uaw(-sh¨]-´m-bn).....kpµ-cn-am-cpsS kvX\-ß-fn¬ ]Xn® Nµ-civan Nµ-\-te]w t]msebpw Xe-ap-Sn-bn¬]Xn® Nµ-civan ap√∏q-am-e-t]m-sebpw \nXw-_-Øn¬ ]Xn® Nµ-civan sh¨]- p-t]m-sebpw tim`n-®p.Nµ-\-Øns‚ Ipfn¿abpw ap√-∏q-hn-s‚bpw sh¨]- n-s‚bpw \nchpw Nµ-c-ivan-Iƒ°p-≠m-Ip-fp¿Ωbpw ap√-∏q-hn-s‚bpw sh¨]- n-s‚bpw \ndhpw Nµ-c-ivan-Iƒ°p-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂p hywKyw.H∂ns\ ]e-Xmbn Iev]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Dt√Jw Ae-¶m-cw).13. tPym’v\m-I-µf kmµ-N-µ-\-c-k˛

ÿmssk¿±n-im-tbm-jnXmwIp¿∆mW: ]cn-I¿Ω \¿Ω kNnh:

Iµ¿∏-]r-Yzo-]tX:



\nZmWmw ]Xn-t_m-[-b≥ Ipap-Zn\ow]obq-j-[m-cm-fbm

aq¿Øym hniz-hn-tem-N-\m\n kpJn-b≥tZthm-_`u Nµa:

tPym’v\m˛ \nem-hv, Iµfw ˛ apf (A-¶p-cw) , kmµ-N-µ-\-c-kw-˛-sIm-gpØNµ-\-®md,v ÿmssk-˛-te-]-\w, Znim-tbm-jn-Xmw-˛-Zn-°p-I-fm-Ip∂ kvXoIƒ°vI¿∆mW: sNøp-∂-h-\m-bn. Iµ¿∏-]r-Yzo-]tX: ˛ Ima-tZ-h-\m-Ip∂ cmPm-hn-s‚.\nZmWw Ipap-Zn\ow ˛ Dd-ßn-°n-S-°p∂ Bº¬s∏m-bvI-sb. ]Xn-t_m-[-b≥-˛-D-W¿Øp-∂-h-\mbn. ]obp-j-[m-cm-f-bm-˛-A-ar-X-[m-c-sIm≠vhniz-hn-tem-N-\m-\n-˛-tem-I-Øns‚ IÆn-Isf. kpJn-b≥˛ kpJn-∏n-°p-∂-h-\m-bn.tZthm Nµa:˛NµtZ-h≥. _`u- -tim- n-®p......... Nµ-tZ-h≥ Zn°p-I-fm-Ip∂ kvXosb \nem-hns‚ A¶p-c-am-Ip∂ sImgpØ Nµ-\-®mdp ]qip-∂-h-\mbpw Ima-tZ-h-\m-Ip∂ cmPm-hns‚ ]cn-I¿Ω-ßƒ sNøp∂ \¿ΩkNo-h-\mbpw Aar-X-[m-c-sIm≠v Bº¬s∏m-bvIsb DW¿Øp-∂-h-\mbpw cq]w-sIm≠v temI-Øns‚ IÆp-Isf kpJn-∏n-°p-∂-h-\mbpw tim`n®p).14. ap∂w ]utem-an-X≥ t]eh Ic-X-fn-cm¬ am\nXw \√ ]pØ≥˛

s]m∂n≥ IÆmSn ssIsIm-≠-g-sImSpXncpap¬°mgvNh®o-Sp-hm≥ \oh∂o-sS≥ ]q¿Æ Nµ-]-Ya alnjntafw Ie¿∂nßp-]mt¥[t\y! koXm ]km-Z-Øn\p XpW-s]-Sp-am- -d-izn\o hniz-ctay!(cmh-W≥ \£-X-ßsf hnfn®p ]d-bp-∂-XmWv 14 apX¬ 22 hsc-bp≈ t«mI-

ßƒ \£-X-ß-tfm-Sp≈ cmh-Ws‚ A`y¿∞\ Ihn-bpsS `mh-\m-kr-jvSn-bm-Wv.P\-Is‚ Ipe-]Xn Nµ-\m-b-Xp-sIm≠v Nµs‚ `mcy-am-cmb \£-X-ßƒ sN∂p]d-™m¬ koX Xs‚ CwKn-X-Øn\p hgpßpw F∂mWv cmh-Ws‚ `mh\. Nµ\pw\£-X-ßfpw Xt∂m-sSm-∏-ap-≠m-Ip-∂Xv NI-h¿Øn F∂ \ne-bnep≈ ]uVnsbImWn-°p-∂-Xp-am-W-t√m. 27 \£-X-ßfpw Nµs‚ `mcy-am-cmWv F∂mWv k¶-ev]-sa-¶nepw AizXn apX¬ ]qbw hsc-bp≈ F´p \£-X-ß-tfmSp amXta ]-d-bp-∂p-≈q. Aiz-Xn-tbm-Sp≈ A`y¿∞-\-bmWv Cu t«mIw.A¿∞w: A√tbm ]q¿Æ-N-µ-]-Ya aln-jn-bpw [\ybpw hniz-c-ay-bp-amb Aiz\o!koXm ]km-Z-Øn\p klm-b-I-am-I-Ø-°-hÆw, ]≠v Cµm-Wn-Xs‚ at\m-l-c-ambssIsIm≠v am\n-®n- p≈ ]pØ≥ kz¿Æ-°-ÆmSn ssIbn-se-SpØv koXbv°v Xncp-ap¬°mgvN hbv°m≥ th≠n \o F‚-b-SpØv h∂m-epw).15. apKvt≤! Zqc-Øp-\n-√m-bvI-cn-In¬ hcn-sItSm Pm\-Io-Z¿it\\o˛

btX-anXw \nc-kvXm-a-b-a-Xn∂p XpW®oSp-ap¬∏m-Sn-Zm\owssIØm-cn¬ tN¿Øp-ta-t∑¬ s]cnb ]cn-afwt]mbv∏-c-t∂mcp ]pØ≥˛IkvXp-cn-I¿±-a-∏q-º-cWn `c-Wnbmw am\n\n auen-amte!

(\nc-kvXm-a-bw-˛-B-abw C√msX (Zp:Jw \in-®v) I¿±-aw-˛-tNdv (sN-fn).......apKvt≤! am\n\o auen-amte! `cWo! \o e÷n®p Zqsc \n¬°msX ASpØp hcn-I. Pm\-Io-Z¿i-\-Øn¬ \obmWv F\n°v ASpØ anXw. kt¥m-j-tØmsS ]pXnbIkvXq-cn-°p-g-ºns‚ h¿≤n® kwK‘w ]c-°p∂ ]pØ≥ `cWn ssIbn-se-SpØvAXn\v (Pm-\-Io-Z¿i-\-Øn\v) Fs∂ klm-bn-®m-epw.`c-Wn-tbmSv ]pØ≥ -cWn ssIbn-se-Sp-°m≥ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p).16. hm¿tXSpw a√n-Im]qw ]cn-a-f-_-lfmw amenImw amen-Wßpw

sshtZlo _me-\o-e-°-cn-angn apcn-In¬ Nm¿Øns\ ]oW-b¥owBZm-b-\µ hm]o-k-ene el-cntI! t]mc-Sp-Ønßp cmIm˛ioXmw-tim-cm-Ip-em-tem-I\w a[p-c-kp-[mh¿ØntI Im¿ØntI! \o

( B\-µ-hm-]o-k-en-e-e-l-cn-I˛ B\-µ-am-Ip∂ Pem-i-b-Ønse sNdnb Xnc, cmIm-io-Xmw-ip-˛-]q¿Æ-N-µ≥, BIp-em-tem-I-\w-˛-]-c-h-i-amb t\m´w. kp[m-h¿Øn-I-˛-A-ar-Xns‚ ajn-°q-´v........



B\-µ-hm-]o-k-en-e-e-l-cn-tI , cmIm-io-Xmw-tim-cm-IpemtemI-\-kp[m h¿ØntI!Im¿ØntI! amen-W-ßp∂ sshtZ-ln-bm-Ip∂ _me-kp-µ-cn-bpsS Xe-ap-Sn-s°-ńs\]oWn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n at\m-l-c-amb ]cn-afw A[n-I-ap≈ ap√-∏q-ame ssIøn-se-SpØv ASp-Øp-h-∂m-epw.

aq∂m-asØ \£-X-amb Im¿ØnItbmSp ]d-bp-∂-Xm-Wn-Xv. B\-µ-am-Ip∂Pem-i-b-Ønse Xnc-am-e-bmbpw Nµs‚ ]c-h-i-amb t\m´-Øn\v ajn-°q-´mbpwIm¿Øn-Isb I¬]n-°p-∂p. IÆp-Iƒ°v Ipfn¿Ω-]-I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xm-Wt√majn-°q- v. Im¿Øn-Isb ImWp∂ Nµ\v AXy-[n-I-amb B\µw D≠m-Ip∂p F∂vhywKyw.17. hm¿Øm¿_m-W≥ ]S-s°m- n-en¬ anIhp]pI-gvsIm≠ ]q¿tÆµp kmµ˛

]oXym-tN¿Øpw ]pW¿∂o-Sn\ \ncp-]airwKmc awK-ey-cqt]!BkvXmw amWn-Iy-amem ]p\-cnb abn-\n≥]mWn-bn¬ ]mW-\m-Ym˛KmXm-temtI ]pXp-]m- r-X-anXp aZ-\tZmlntWm tcmlnWo! ta(hm¿Øm¿ _mW≥ ˛ Ima-tZ-h≥, kmµ-]o-Xym-˛-h¿≤n® kt¥m-j-tØm-Sp-

IqSn, BkvXmw˛ Ccn-°-s´. Cubw˛ Cu, ]mW-\m-Ym-Km-Xm-tem-tI-˛-]m-W-\m-Y-bpsSico-c-Z¿i-\-Øn¬, ]pXp-]m- r-Xw- -]p-Xp-Xmb ImgvN-Z-hyw. aZ-\-tZm-lnW: aZ-\-\m¬tZmln-°-s∏´ (Im-a-]o-Un-X-bm-b)......... Ima-tZ-hs‚ ]S-s°m- n-en¬ anIhp t\Snb]q¿Æ-N-µ≥ h¿≤n® A\p-cm-K-tØmsS Benw-K\w sNøp∂ \ncp-]-a-irw-Kmc awK-ey-cq-]-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb A√tbm tcmlnWo Cu amWn-Iy-ame \ns‚ ssIbn-en-cn-°-s´.]mW-\m-Y-bpsS ico-c-Z¿i-\-Øn¬ aZ-\-tZm-ln-bmb F\n°v CXp ]pXnb ImgvN-Z-hy-am-Wv.Ima-tZ-hs‚ tk\m-\m-b-I\pw a¥n-bp-amWv Nµ≥ F∂mWv Ihn k¶-ev]w. Nµs‚ ]´-a-ln-jn-bm-Wv tcmln-Wn. Nµ≥ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ kvt\ln-°p-∂Xpw tcmln-Wn-sb-bm-Wv. irwKmc cq]n-Wn-bmb Ah-fpsS klm-b-ap-s≠-¶n¬ aZ-\-tZm-l-Øn¬ \n∂p X\n°p tamN\w In´pw F∂mWv cmh-Ws‚ Bi-bw).18. \o irwKm-c-°p-dn-°q-s´Sp aI-bn-cta! awK-em-tam-Z-]m-tYm˛

cmti-cm-tem-e-ho-No-\n-c-bn-ep-e-InSw apßp-am-d-ßp-]mt¥Bi-t¶-Xn-¶-ft√m Ipe-]Xn P\-I∂mI-bm¬ \nßƒ hoX˛hymPw sN∂pw ]d-™o-Sp-In-enl catX X¬kp-Xm-a-’-aot].

(A√tbm! aI-bn-cta! awK-f-I-c-amb kpK-‘-am-Ip∂ kap-Z-Ønse Xnc-am-e-bn¬ temIw apgp-h≥ apß-Ø-°-hÆw \o irwKm-c-°q´v FSp-Øm-epw. P\-Is‚Ipe-]Xn Nµ-\m-W-t√m. AXp-sIm≠v \nßƒ \n¿hymPw sN∂p ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ At±-l-Øns‚ ]pXn Fs‚-b-Sp-°¬ can°pw F∂v Rm≥ hnNm-cn-°p-∂p.P\-I-a-lm-cm-Pm-hns‚ Ipe-]-Xn-bmb Nµ-t\mSv koXbv°v _lp-am-\-ap-≠m-Ip-a-t√m. AXp-sIm≠v Nµs‚ `mcy-am-cmb \£-X-ßƒ sN∂p ]d-™m¬ koX X≈n-°-f-bp-I-bn-√).19. Xqshäp-Ø-cn-sIm≠p Xo¿Øp-Xp-S¿sIm-≠Xyp÷ew ssIØte

\o amWn-Iy-a-Wn-°-c-≠-I-sa-SpØpwsIm-≠-J-WvUm-Zcwhm hm \n¥n-cn-hm-Xptc abn-Ir-]mteiw Ie¿∂-t√mtbmtahp∂q Xncp-hm-Xntc! P\-I-PmtemImb \mw t]mI-tbm.

(Xqshäp-Øcn ˛ at\m-l-c-amb shfpØ apØp-a-Wn, XpS¿˛Xp-S¬, Ic-≠-Iw--sN-∏v. AJ-WvUm-Z-cw- -h-enb BZ-c-thm-Sp-IqSn, P\-I-Pm-tem-Im-b˛ koXsb ImWp-

∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n.....



at\m-l-c-amb sh≈-ap-Øp-sIm-≠p-Xo¿Ø XpS-ep-sIm≠p tim`n-°p∂ amWn-Iy-s®∏vssIbn-se-SpØv A√tbm Xncp-hm-Xntc h∂mepw. Zp:JnX-\mb F∂n¬ Ir]m-te-i-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bt√ \ns‚ Nmbvhv tahp-∂-Xv. (Zp:JnX-\mb Ft∂mSp \n\°v Aev]-sa-¶nepw Ir]-bnt√ F∂v Bi-bw) P\-I-P-bpsS Z¿i-\-Øn-\p-th≠n \ap°p t]mImw.

“Xncp-hm-Xptc” F∂ i_vZ-k-ap-®bw A¿∞-t`-Z-tØm-Sp-IqSn Bh¿Øn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v ‘baIw’ F∂ i_vZm-e-¶mcw).20. F∂pw \o thW-atX \r]-kp-Xsb hiØm°p-hm-t\Xp sNbvXpw

[t\y! tIƒ h√-h¿°pw hyk-\-Z-i-bn-eß√tbm _‘p th≠q?F∂m¬ hs∂-∂p-]mt¥ shfp-shsf hnekpw \√ Xmw_qe ]q¿Æws]m∂n≥ X∆-s°-Sp-Øo-Sn-\nb ]pW¿Xta Pm\-Io-Z¿it\ \o.

( [t\y! ]pW¿Xta! \o thWw GXp-sNbvXpw B cmP-]p-Xnsb hio-I-cn-t°-≠-Xv. hyk-\-Z-i-bn-em-Wt√m BfpIƒ°v _‘p-°ƒ th≠-Xv. AXp-sIm≠v Pm\-Io-Z¿i-\m-h-k-c-Øn¬ \o Fs‚-b-Sp-°¬ h∂v \√-hÆw tim`n-°p∂, Xmw_qew\nd™ kz¿Æ sh‰n-e-Ø´v FSp-Øm-epw.

“h√-h¿°pw hyk-\-Z-i-bn-e-ß-√tbm _‘p-th≠q” F∂ kmam-\y-XXzwsIm≠p “\othWw \r]-kp-Xsb hi-Øm-°p-hm-t\Xp sNbvXpw” F∂ hnti-j-X-XzsØ ka¿∞n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v A¿∞m-¥-c-\ym-kw).21. NnXw tNcpw aWn-°-√p-I-f-X\p ]Xn®osSgpw \√ s]m∂n≥˛

]pØ≥ Imfm©n ssIs°m-≠-ar-X-I-c\tam-cmPy kmam-Py-tcJ!apKvt[ h∂o-Sp-]mt¥ ]pXp-a-sbm-Sbn koXm-h-temtI XpW-∏m≥s]m¬Øm¿ _mtWm-’-hm-Uw-_-c-\h \h-]o-bq-jta ]qbta \o

(NnXw tNcpw˛ at\m-l-c-am-b. AX\p ˛ [mcm-f-am-bn. Imfm-©n-˛-tIm-fm-ºn.Aar-X-I-c≥- -N-µ≥. s]m¬Øm¿t_m-’hw ˛ Imtam-’-hw. \h-\-h-]o-bq-jw- -G-‰hpw ]pXnb Aar-Xv........

Aar-X-I-c-a-t\m-cm-Py-km-am-Py-tctJ! s]m¬Øm¿_m-tWm-’-hm-Uw-_c\h-]o-bq-jta apKvt≤! ]qbta! \o at\m-l-c-amb cXv\-°-√p-Iƒ [mcm-f-ambn ]Xn® kz¿Æ-a-b-amb ]pXnb tImfmºn ssIbn-se-SpØv koXm-h-tem-I-\-Øn\v Fs∂ klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n Fs‚-b-SpØv h∂m-epw.]qbsØ Nµs‚ at\m-cm-Py-km-am-Py-Øns‚ AXn¿Øn-bmbpw Imtam-’-hm-Uw-_c ]obp-j-ambpw Iev]n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]qb-Øn-\-∏pdw Nµs‚ at\m-cmPyw sN√p-∂n-√: thdm-scbpw [ym\n-°p-∂n√ F∂vBZysØ Iev]-\-bpsS hywKyw. c≠m-asØ Iev]-\-sIm≠v Ima-tI-fo-I-fn¬ hnZ-Kv≤-bmWv ]qbw F∂v hyRvPn°p-∂p.

]qb-Øn-\p-ti-j-ap≈ \£-X-ßsf cmh-W≥ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøm-ØXvF¥p-sIm-≠m-sW∂p hy‡-a√. ‘bmX ]pd-s∏- m¬ aS-ßmØ \mƒ’ Bb-Xp-sIm-≠mWv BbneysØ kvacn-°m-Ø-Xv F∂v hymJym-Xm-hmb amS-t»cn ]d-bp-∂p≠v.a‰p \£-X-ßƒ°v CXp-t]mse Zqjyw D≈-Xp-sIm-≠m-tWm, AtXm ]qbsØ at\m-cm-Py-km-am-Py-tc-J-bmbn Iev]n-®-Xp-sIm-≠mtWm XpS¿∂v kvacn-°m-ØXv F∂phy‡-a-√).KZyw 2

lc lc tLmj-a-tim-Im-cmtacm£-k-\m-Y≥ t]mhm≥ Xp\nbpwt\cw ]qtc shs¶m‰°pSsh©m-a-c-Iƒ hnNn-X-s∏- n-IƒaWn-]o-T-ßƒ aWn-Øm-en-I-sf˛



∂nØ-c-tamtcm t`Zw aWn-abin_n-I-Iƒ ]≈n-Ø-≠p-I-fm-\-IƒIpXnc-Iƒ ]√-°p-Ifpw sh≈n˛°mfm-©n-Ifpw ]e ]e s]m∂n≥Imfm-©n-Ifpw Ipºn-fp, anµ˛°pSbpw Nµ-°p-Sbpw Nº-I-ame°pSbpw sImºpw s]m∂n≥˛Iml-fm-a-ar-X-hn-cm-hnWn s]m∂n≥˛Nn∂pw No\-°p-gepw hoW-I˛-tfm-tcm-s∂mcp hI \nc-h[n hn_p-[˛kvXoIƒ Na-s™mcp `mtKhnZym-[-cn-I-sf-Sp-sØmcp `mtKIn∂c cm£k \K-co-th-i-hn-em-kn-\n˛amcp-≠-tK-]m¿Øm¬ s]m∂n≥˛Xfn-I-Iƒ sh≈n-Ø-fn-I˛Ifn-Ø-c-tamtcm Xfn-I-bn¬ \nd-b-°qºpwPzme-I-e¿∂ hnNn-X-hn-f-°p-Iƒkml-knI Zi-km-l-knI iX˛kml-kn-I-I-fp-b¿∂ hnf-°p-IƒAw_-c-Zo]w Zo]-kvXw`wa∂¿ at\m-lco hniz-hn-em-kn\ok¶p-e-Zo]w `rwK-hn-tcm-[n-IƒI¿∏q-c-Øncn IkvXq-cn-ØncnIp¶p-a-h¿Øn-I-fn-Ø-c-an-´p-]n˛Sn®oSpw Nne ]cn-a-f-Zo]wsh≈n-s®-∏p-Iƒ s]m∂n≥ sN∏p-IƒcXv\w sIm≠p IS-s™m-c-fp-°p-Iƒh -s∏- n-Iƒ `wKn-I-e¿s∂mcpsNº-I-ame Ipdn-°q-t´m-tcm˛t∂mtcm `mKw hne-ko-Sp-∂p.am\n-\o-am-Z\w aZ-\-k-Ω¿±\wIma-l-a-t√m-lew Ima-tIm-em-lewIc-W-]-cn-th-jvS\w Z¿∏-I-Zm-apIwImap-Im-\µw ]c-bp-hXo taml\wa‰p-an-XymZn `mtZ\ \m\m-hn[w:]cn-a-f-[q]w ]e-X-c-aøm]cn-Nn¬ Ic-[rX sh©m-a-c-I-fn-f°pw t\cw Lpap-Lp-an-s\∂pcps∂mcp kuc- -an-S-bn-S-bn¬a‰p NnteSw Nne ]\n-\o¿°p-∏n-Iƒsh´n-bp-S®p Xfn®p-X-fn®pwN∆m-Xmip sImSpØp sImSpØpw\√ Iº-e≥ s]´n Xpd∂pwap√-∏q-a-Wn- am-e-sb-SpØpwIkvXq-cn-°fn ]n™m-W-ß-fn˛sems° \nd®p hSn®pw tX®pw hne-ko-Sp∂p]´p-I-tfm-tcm-s∂-X -a-t\m-lc˛acntI ap∂n¬ s]m∂n¬ X∆-°p-I-fn-tem-tcm-X-c˛am`-c-WuLw ssIin-I-amemkoa-¥-∏-Wn-a-c-X-I-amemcXv\-sØm-Sp-Ip-dn-ame sNhn∏qXSmIw aWn-Ip-WvU-e-\n-cbpw



Im©-\-Ip-kpaw \mkm-aWn ]p\˛c[-c-hn-te-]-\-an-Ø-c-tamtcm\mco-I-c-I-a-tem-Z-c-\n-ln-X-a-kwJyw]X-\-Ø- p-Iƒ IXn-\-IƒIń-sem-tcm-tcm-X-c˛amk-\-im-bnI ]qsa-Ø-Ifpw^Wn-sa-Ø-Ifpw ]\n-\o¿ Ieiw]Øp-I-c-Øn¬ ^mWn-X-]nWvUw]nWvUm-e-‡-an-f-f-en-kp-lp-b≥ap¥n-cn-ßm-∏-g-an-Ø-c-tam-tcm-t∂mtcm t`Zw

(lc-l-c-tLm-jw- -l-c-lc F∂ i_vZw. Atim-Im-cm-ta- -A-tim-I-h-\-Øn¬.in_n-I- -]-√-°v. Aar-X-hn-cm-hn-Wn- -A-ar-Xp-t]mse a[p-c-ambn i_vZn-°p-∂. Nn∂v ˛Hcp-Xcw hmZy-hn-ti-jw. kml-kn-I- -B-bn-cw, ]Xn-\m-bn-cw, e£w F∂ IW-°n\vXncn-bnSm-hp∂ hnf-°p-Iƒ. a∂¿ at\m-l-cn, hniz-hn-em-kn\n F∂nh Hmtcm Xc-Øn-ep≈ hnf-°p-I-fpsS t]cm-Wv. am\n-\o-am-Z-\w˛ am\n-\-Isf aZn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Ic-W-]-cn-th-jvS-\w- -A-h-b-h-ßsf Np‰p-∂-Xv. Z¿∏-I≥- -Im-a-tZ-h≥. Zma-Iw- -Z-an-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. am\n-\o-tam-Z\w F∂p XpSßn ]pc-bp-hXn taml\w F∂-Xp-hsc Hmtcm Idn-°q- p-I-fpsSt]cm-Wv. Ic-[r-X- -ssI-bn¬ [cn-®. Nm∆m-Xv- -H-cp-Xcw IkvXq-cn. Ie-º≥s]- n- -]-e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ ]q°ƒsIm≠v tIm¿Ø ame-Iƒ sh®n-cn-°p∂ s]ń. ssIin-I-am-e- -X-e-bn¬ NqSp∂ ame. XmS-¶w˛ tXmS (Hcp I¿Æm- -c-Ww) \mco-I-c-I-a-tem-Z-c-\n-ln-Xw- -kvXo-I-fpsS ssIbm-Ip∂ Xma-c-∏q-hn¬ shbv°-s∏- . Bk-\-im-bn-I- -C-cn-°m\pw InS-°m-\p-ap≈ D]-I-c-W-ßƒ . ^mWn-Xw- -i¿°-c).22. Btem-em-IrXn cm£-km-[n-]Xn Xm≥ KqtVm-Ztc inwin-]m˛

aqte sN∂p at\m- -h∂p a\km t\¿∂mip amtcm-’hw\oemw-t`m-[-N-tbm-]tam shdpw \neØΩmdp \n»-¶-am˛tbme-°-Øn¬ hntZ-l-cm-P-X-\bmw ap∂n- n-cp-∂o-Sm≥.

(KqtVm-Z-tc-˛-Kq-V-amb DZ-c-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b. (a-d-bv°-s∏´ Dƒ`m-K-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b), inwin-]m-aq-te- -inw-in-]m-hr-£-®p-h- n¬, at\m- -h≥˛ Ima-tZ-h≥, \oemw-t`m-Z-N-tbm-]a:˛ \oe-ta-L-°q-ń\p Xpey-am-bn. hntZ-l-cm-P-X-\-bmw-˛-hn-tZ-l-cm-P-]p-Xn-bpsS . ap∂n- v˛ apºn¬. Hme-°-Øn¬- - w-Kn-bm-bn- v...........at\m-l-c-amb BIr-Xn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb cm£k NI-h¿Øn ad-bv°-s∏´ Dƒ`m-c-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb inwin-]m-hr-£-Øns‚ Nph-ń¬ sN∂n-´v, Ima-tZ-h\p a\- p-sIm≠v D’hw t\¿∂-Xn-\p-tijw\oe-ta-L-Øn\p Xpey-ambn hntZ-l-cm-P-]pXnbpsS apºn¬ `wKn-bm-bn´v Ccp-∂p.

GsX-¶nepw Imcy-Øn\p ]pd-s∏-Sp∂ Bfp-Iƒ Imcy-km-[y-Øn-\p-th≠n CjvS-tZ-h-X-Iƒ°p t\¿®-Iƒ t\cm-dp-≠-t√m. Ima-tZ-h-\mWv Ima-Øns‚ A[n-jvTm-\-tZ-h-X. At±-l-Øns‚ klm-b-ap-s≠-¶nte Ima-km- eyw D≠m-hp-I-bp-≈q. AXp-sIm-≠mWv cmh-W≥ Ima-tZ-h-\p-th≠n D’hw t\cp-∂-X)v.\oemw-t`m-Z-N-tbm-NaF∂n-SØv D]-am-e-¶mcw23. am]m]n s]mÆ-s\-s∂-∏-cn-sNmSp ]ne˛

bm´p-≠n-sX-∂-ßp-I-ev]n˛®m]-Øn-\mbv hcp∂q inh!inh! cLp-\m-Y≥

[cn-®o-Sp-sI√mwtIm]mflm sIm∂p-Xn-∂p≠n-hsf hi-X-bn˛

√mbvIn-set∂m hnti-jm¬Xm]w-]q-≠-ßn-cp-∂mƒ Ipe-bp-hXn XZm

ssaYneo awK-emw-Ko.(am]m-]n-˛-a-lm-]m-]n. s]mÆ≥-˛-X-Sn-b≥. ]ne-bm-Sp-I-˛-hy-`n-N-cn-°p-I. hi-X-bn-

√m-bvIn¬-˛-h-g-ßm-Xn-cn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬........



alm-]m-]nbpw s]mÆ-Ø-Sn-b-\p-amb Cu cmh-W≥ Chsf hy`n-N-cn-°Ww F∂phnNm-cn®v B]-Øn-\mbn sIm≠p-h-cp-∂p. inh!inh! F√mw cLp-\m-Y≥ [cn-°s´hi-am-Im-Xn-cn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ tIm]n-jvT-\mb tIm]n-jvT-\mb Ch≥ Ahsf sIm∂p-Xn-∂p-I-Xs∂ sNøp. F∂ hnti-jm¬ Zp:JtØmsS Ipe-bp-h-Xnbpw awK-f-cq]n-Wn-bp-amb koX Ccp-∂p. Ipe-bp-h-Xn, awK-emwKn F∂n hnti-j-W-ßƒ HuNn-Xy-]q¿∆-amWv koXbv°v \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ipe-bp-h-Xn-bm-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wt√m Fs¥√mw]tem- -\-ß-fp-≠m-bn´pw koX cmh-W\p hg-ßm-Xn-cp-∂-Xv. hnti-jm¬ Xm]w F∂p]d-bp-∂-Xnepw A¿∞-ap-≠v. hnc-lZp:JØn\p ]pd-ta-bm-Wt√m cmh-Wn¬ \n∂p≈B]-Øp-≠m-b-Xv. Cu B]-Ønse√mw ssÿcyw ]Z¿in-∏n®p F∂ hkvXp-X-bm-Wv Ahsf awKecq]n-Wn-bm-°n-bXv ).24. koXm-\o-e-∏-\-∏q-°p-e-sbm-sS-Xn-cnSpw ssIintI KmX-h-√o˛

amXmamw aqSn hmSo-Sn\ Ic-X-fn¬ sIm≠m-\\w OmZ-b¥o\mYw tNtXm- n-cmaw Zi-c-Y-X-\bw `mh-b¥o hn`n-∂˛tkzZm¿Z-mIp-©n-XmwKo k`-b-ap-S-\n-cp∂oSn-\m-fq-V-tJ-Zw.(\oe-∏-\-∏q-°p-e-tbmSv FXn-cn-Sp∂ Xe-ap-Sn-sIm≠v Aev]w Nph∂ icocw apgp-

h≥ aqSn. hmSnb ssIsIm≠v apJw ad®v, at\m- n-cm-a-\mb Xs‚ `¿Ømhp iocm-as\ [ym\n-®p-sIm≠v ]Im-in-°p∂ hb¿∏p-Xp-≈n-Iƒ sIm≠v \\-™Xpw Aev]wIp\n-™-Xp-amb ico-c-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn, `b-∂v, Zp:JtØmsS koX Ccp-∂p.

Cu `mK-Ønse G‰hpw at\m-l-c-amb Hcp t«mI-amWv CXv. koX-bpsS Ccp∏vA\p-hm-N-Is‚ a\- n¬ I√n¬ sImØn-sh® NnXw-t]mse ]Xn-bp-∂p.

“\oe-∏-\-∏q-°p-e-tbm-sS-Xn-cnSpw” F∂n-SØv D]-am-e-¶mcw Hu]ayw e£-Wm-hym-]m-cw-aqew e`n-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v e£n-tXm-a-]-a. hnc-ln-Wn-bm-bn-´n-cn-°p∂koX-bpsS k£va-NnXw hc-®p-Im-Wn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v kz`m-thm-‡n).25. At∂cw Np‰p-ap-‰m-b-a-c-]p-c-N-tIm-cm£nam-c-ßp-anßpw

\n∂q I¨sIm≠q koXm-an-S-bnsS hSnthmSm-iz-kn-∏n®q Zqscs]m∂pw X∆m-°n-em-Ωm-d-Xn-kp-c-`n-e-am]qcy-Xmw-_q-e-asskyJn∂m-flm-Im-gvNbpw sh®-k-I-e-]-Z-\njyµn\ow hmN-aptNAa-c-]p-c-N-tIm-cm-£n-am¿-˛-tZ-h-kp-µ-cn-am¿ , B]q-cy˛\nd-®n´v. Ak-I-e-]-Z-

\n-jy-µn-\ow-˛-F√m hm°p-Ifpw hy‡-am-Im-sX-bp-≈,hmNw DutN-˛-hm-°p-Iƒ ]d-™p.......B Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Np‰pw \nd™p \n∂n-cp∂ tZh-kp-µ-cn-am¿ Zqsc Aßp-anßpw\n∂v IÆp-sIm≠v koXsb `wKn-bmbn Biz-kn-∏n-®p. kz¿Æ-sh-‰n-e-Ø-´-Øn¬kwK-‘-ap≈ Xmw_qew \nd®v Ahƒ°v ImgvN-sh-®n´v hn∂m-flm-hmb cmh-W≥F√m ]Z-ßfpw hy‡-am-ImØ hm°p-Iƒ ]d-™p.

tZh-kp-µ-cn-am¿ IÆp-sIm≠v koXsb Biz-kn-∏n®p F∂p tXm∂p-∂Xv]tXy-In®p ck-\o-b-am-Wvv. cmh-Ws\ `b-∂m-Wt√m Ah-sc√mw FØn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. koX-tbmSv Ah¿°v kvt\lhpw _lp-am-\hpw A\p-I-º-bp-ap-≠v. AXp-sIm-≠mWv cmh-W≥ ImWmØ hn[-Øn¬ Zqsc-amdn \n∂v IÆp-sIm≠v AhsfBiz-kn-∏n-®-Xv. cmh-W≥ Jn∂m-flm-hm-bXv amc-Pzc ]mc-hiyw sIm≠m-Wv.hnImcw ap‰p-\n¬°p-tºmƒ hm°p-Iƒ kv]jvS-am-hmsX t]mhp-∂Xpw km[m-cWamWw).



26. ssXtemIy kpµcn! at\m-`h hoc-amte!\oem-c-hn-µ-angn! \n¿Ω-e-Km-X-tctJ!eoem-\nt[! kpc-X-ssI-ch NµntI! \oamemip Xo¿Ø-cpƒ hntZ-l-kptX! aZobw

(at\m-`h hoc-am-e˛ Ima-tZ-hs‚ hoc-am-e, \oem-c-hn-µ-an-gn-˛-\o-e-Øm-a-c-t]m-ep≈ItÆm-Sp-Iq-Sn-hƒ. eoem-\n[n ˛ eoe-bpsS Ccn-∏n-Sw. kc-X-ssI-hc Nµn-I- -kp-c-X-am-Ip∂ Bº¬]q-hn\v Nµn-I-bm-bn- p-≈-hƒ. 23 apX¬ 56 hsc-bp≈ t«mI-ßfpw XpS¿∂p≈ ZWvU-Ihpw cmh-Ws‚ hm°p-I-fm-Wv.

koXsb ssXtem-Iy-kp-µ-co, at\m-`-h-ho-c-am-te, \oem-c-hn-µ-an-gn \n¿Ω-e-Km-X-tcJ eoem-\n-t[, kpc-ssI-ch NµntI Fs∂√mw kwt_m-[\ sNbvXXn\ptijw Xs‚ Zp:Jw Xo¿°p-hm≥ cmh-W≥ ]d-bp-∂p. hoc-ame F∂-Xn\v hocywhnfw-_cw sNøp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n AWn-bp∂ ame F∂v A¿∞w ]d-bmw. koXsbIma-tZ-hs‚ hoc-am-e-bmbn Iev]n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v AXv Ahƒ°v BcnepwIma-hn-Imcw DW¿Øm-\p≈ Ignhv hyRvPn-∏n-°p-∂p. Bº¬ Nµn-I-tb-‰m¬ hnS-cp-a-t√m. kpcXtaml-am-Ip∂ Bº-ens\ hnS¿Øp∂ Nµn-I-bmWv koX F∂p ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v Bcnepw kpc-X-tamlw DW¿Øp-∂-Xn\v Ahƒ°p≈ IgnhvhywKy-ambn kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. _m°n-bp≈ kwt_m-[-\-Iƒ koX-bpsS icoc kuµ-cysØ hy⁄n-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. kpc-X-ssI-ch NµnI F∂n-SØv Ae-¶mcw cq]-Iw).27. \osb-¥-tßm´p t\m°p-∂Xp P\-I-kptX!cmh-W≥ Rm\n-Zm\ow

ambw IqSm-X-hÆw ]e-h-I-[-\hpw sIm≠p Im◊m≥ hcp∂pt]mbm-sem´pw s]mdp-∏m≥ ]Wn Xh-hn-ctlamc-Xm-]m-Xn-tc-Im¬Imb-Ivtfiw hcp-Øm-bvIbn aa `ph\w aq∂n\pw Xºn-cm≥ Rm≥.(kotX! \osb-¥mWv Atßm´p t\m°p-∂-Xv. cmh-W-\mb Rm≥ CXm Ct∏mƒ

ambw IqSmsX ]e-hI [\hpw sIm≠p \ns∂ ImWm≥ h∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Ima-th-Z-\-bpsS B[nIyw \nanØw ChnsS \n∂p t]mbm¬ \ns‚ hnclw kln-°m≥km[n-°p-I-bn-√. Cu aq∂p temI-Øn\pw Xºp-cm-\mb F\n°v \o Imb-Ivtfiw (i-co-c-Ivtf-iw) hcp-Øm-Xn-cn-°p-I).28. sFiz-cy-imen Zi-Iv\-[-c-t\m-ate Rm≥

hnssiz-I-c-ay-X-\p-h-√cn Pm\Io \ohmt®mcp buh-\-a-Xn-∂n-cp-h¿°p-sam°pwI®m¿∂ sIm¶ ]pW¿hm≥ Xcn-tIm-ate! \o(Zi-I-‘-c≥˛ ]Øp-I-gp-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥. hnssiz-I-c-ay-X-\p-h-√-cn-˛-hn-ssiz-I-

c-ay-amb X\p-h-√n-cn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hƒ. hnssiz-I-c-ayw- -tem-I-Øn-te°pw sh®v G‰hpwat\m-l-cw. X\p-h-√-cn- -i-co-c-am-Ip∂ h≈n. hmbvN- -h¿≤n-®. H°pw ˛tbm-Pn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. I®m¿∂ ˛ I® AWn-™).29. irwKm-c-tIm-af at\m- mh aµncw \o

lq¶m-c-iucy hn -thm® \ntI-X\w Rm≥AwKo-Ir-Xmw-K\h-`w-Kn-Iƒ \Ωn-sem°pwI®m¿∂ sIm¶ ]pW¿hm≥ Xcn-tIm-ate! \o

(irwKm-c-tIm-af at\m- mh≥˛ irwKm-c-tIm-af\mb at\m- mh≥. at\m- m-h≥- -Im-a-tZ-h≥. lq¶m-c-iu-cy-hn- -thm® \ntI-X-\w˛ lq¶m-c-iu-cy-hn`hß-fpsS Db¿∂ hoSv, lpw¶m-cw- lqw F∂ i_vZw. (A-e¿®) iucyw˛ hocyw (i-‡n). AwKo-Ir-Xmw-K\h- w-Kn-Iƒ ˛AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏´ ]pXnb AwK-tim- ).



30. kmc-ky-tIfn aWn awKf aµncw \ohoc-£n-Xo-izc inJm-aWn _mentI Rm≥Nmcp-Xz-sa-∂Xp \ap-°n-cp-h¿°p-sam∏w]mcn® sIm¶ ]pW¿hm≥ Xcn-tIm-ate! \o

(kmckyw˛ kc-k-X. hnc-£o-Xo-iz-c-in-Jm-a-Wn˛ hoc-cmb cmPm-°-∑m¿°v NqVm-c-Xv\-am-bn- p-≈-h≥. Nmcp-Xzw˛ at\m-lm-cn-X. ]mcn-®- -h-enb (X-Sn-®)).31. assØ-cm-h-X-Iw-`-Uw-`-l-c,- ant∏m¿sIm-¶-a¬ss°-Ifpw

XZz¬ ]q◊-Xn-t\m¿Øp Im¨sIm-cp-Øcw ht∂-‰p [\ymwKn \o_t≤m-∑m-Z-sagpw Iem-N-e-an-f°pw sIm¶-a¬ss°-IfpwXZz-ss∑-Ynen ssZh-tbm-K-anXp ]t≠-sX∂p \n¿Æ-boXmw

( Cu t]m¿sIm¶ aZn® sFcm-h-X-Øns‚ akvX-I-Øns‚ Al-¶m-csØ ian-∏n-®-Xm-Wv. AXp-t]mse Xs∂-bmWv Cu ssII-fpw. (Cu ssIIfpw assØ-cm-h-X-Uw- -c-l-c-am-Wv) AXp-sIm≠v [\ywKo \m Fgp-t∂‰ph∂v Fs∂ Benw-K\w sNøp-∂-Xn\v hnNm-cn-®m-epw. Cu sIm¶-Iƒ Al-¶m-c-tØmSp IqSnb Ipem-N-esØ Cf-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. AXp-t]mse Xs∂-bmWv Fs‚ ssII-fpw. (Fs‚ ssIIfpw Ipem-N-esØ Cf-°n-b-Xm-Wv.) ]≠p apX-te-bp≈ ssZh-tbm-K-amWv CXv F∂v \o \n›-bn-®m-epw.

Xs‚ ssIIƒ°pw koX-bpsS kvX\-ßƒ°pw XΩn-ep≈ s]mcpØw kc-k-ambn cmh-W≥ hnh-cn-°p-∂p. sFcm-h-X-Øns‚ akvX-I-Øns‚ Uw`v ian-∏n-®-XmWvkvX\-ßƒ. kpµ-cn-I-fmb kvXoI-fpsS kvX\-ßsf B\-bpsS akvX-I-tØmSv Ihn-Iƒ kmZr-iy-s∏-Sp-Øm-dp-≠v. BIr-Xn-bnepw ImTn-\y-Ønepw sFcm-h-X-a-kvX-IsØkoX-bpsS kvX\-ßƒ Pbn-°p-∂p. ]≠v tZth-µ-\p-amb bp≤-Øn¬ cmh-W≥ sFcm-h-X-Øns‚ akvX-I-Øn-e-Sn®v AXns‚ Al-¶m-csØ inan-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. sFcm-h-X-Øns‚ Uw`v ian-∏n® c≠p hkvXp-°ƒ XΩn¬ tbmPn-°p-∂Xv bp‡-am-WvF∂mWv cmh-Ws‚ `mh-\. AXp-t]mse Ipem-N-e-Øns‚ Al-¶m-csØ koX-bpsS kvX\-ßƒ \in-∏n-®p. ]¿∆-X-ß-tfmSv kvXoI-fpsS kvX\-sØ kmZr-iy-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv k¿∆-km-[m-c-W-am-W-s√m. Hu∂-Xy-Ønepw ImTn-\y-Ønepw BIr-Xn-bnepwIpem-N-e-ßsf Pbn-°p-∂-h-XmWv kvX\-ßƒ. cmh-W\pw ]≠v Ipem-New Cf-°n-bn- p-≠v. Ccp-]Xv ssIIƒ sIm≠pw ssIem-k-]¿∆Xw Cf°nsbSpØv AΩm-\-am-SnbmWt√m cmh-W≥ inhs‚ ssIbn¬ \n∂pw Nµ-lmkw kºm-Zn-®-Xv. Cßs\Htc Xc-Øn¬ ta∑-t\-Snb hkvXp-°ƒ tbmPn-°Ww F∂Xv ssZh-\n-›-b-am-Wv.AXp-sIm-≠mWv Xs∂ Benw-K\w sNøp-hm≥ cmh-W≥ koX-tbmSv ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

^en-Xhpw Aivfo-e-Øn-tebv°v hgp-Xn-hoW irwKm-chpw \ºq-Xn-cn-°-hn-X-fpsS kl-P- m-h-am-Wv. ]\w\ºq-Xn-cn-bpsS cmam-bWw Nºp-hnepw Cu `mh-ßƒ ]e-bn-SØpw Xnc-t\m´w \S-Øp-∂p).32. e£vao-tZ-hn-°p-\m-cm-b-W, \N-e-a-Iƒ˛

°wK-Pm-cmXn, amc˛∂£oW ioc-Xn-s∏¨sIm-Sn, s]cnb

iNo-tZ-hn-tZ-th-µ-t\m¿Øm¬sNm¬sIm≈pw hmWn-am-Xn-∂n-\n-b-I-a-e˛

P∑m-hp, Rm\pw \n\-s°˛∂n°mew h∂p-Xm-In¬ s]cn-sbm-c-g-Ip-Xm˛

bv h∂n-X-t\ym-\y-tbm-Kw.(hnjvWp-hn\v e£vao-tZ-hnbpw inh\v ]m¿∆-Xnbpw Ima-tZ-h\v h¿≤n® kuµ-

cy-ap≈ cXo-tZ-hnbpw tZth-µ\v tijvT-bmb Cµm-Wnbpw tijvT-\mb _“m-hn\vt]cp-tI´ kc-kzXo tZhnbpw F∂-Xp-t]mse Rm≥ \n\°v `¿Øm-hmbn Xocp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ \mw XΩn-ep≈ tN¿® AXy¥w Ag-Ip-≈-Xmbn Xocpw.tZh-Z-º-Xn-am-cpsSZpjvSm-¥-sa-SpØv Xm\pw koXbpw IqSn-t®¿∂m¬ Ah-sc-t∏m-se-bm-bn-Øocpw F∂vcmh-W≥ ]d-bp-∂p).



33. kvXoh¿§-Øn\p Znhym- -c-W-an-X-_-emamentI Zmk-hrXymtkhn∏q t]ms∂m-cp-Ø≥ ]I-en-c-h-e¿hm-Wm¿Ø-\m-bmØ tJZw.tImhn¬ ]≠m-c-sa∂pw hcn-In-e-Xn-ep-samt´sd \s∂∂p _p≤ym˛`mhn-s®-t∂m-S-W-™o-Sp-In-ep-Nn-X-a-SnØm¿ sXmgmw Xºp-cm- n.( A_-em-am-entI! Ima-]-c-h-i-\mbn Hcp-h≥ h¿≤n® Zp:JtØmsS cmhpw ]Iepw

tkhn-°p∂p F∂Xv kvXo h¿§-Øn\v Znhym- -c-W-am-Wv. tImhn¬∏-≠m-c-am-sW∂vhcn-In¬ AXv AXnepw (`r-Xy-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-epw) \√-Xm-sW∂p hnNm-cn®v Ft∂mSvAW-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv DNn-X-am-bn-cn-°pw. Xºp-cm´o \ns‚ ]Zw Rm≥ sXmgp-∂p.Hcmƒ Ima-]-c-h-i-\mbn Zmk-hrØn A\p-jvTn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv kvXoIƒ°vA`n-am-\-I-c-am-Wv. Hcp cmPm-hmWv CØ-c-Øn¬ Zmk-hr-Øn-b-\p-jvTn-°m≥ Xøm-dm-Ip-∂-sX-¶n¬ AXv FX-tØmfw A`n-am-\-I-c-am-sW∂v ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√-s√m. Xs∂tImhn¬∏-≠m-c-sa∂p IcpXn Xt∂m-S-W-bWw F∂mWv cmh-W≥ koX-tbmSp ]d-bp-∂-Xv.]g-b-Im-eØv acp-a-°-Ømbw A\p-jvTn-®n-cp∂ cmP-Ip-Spw-_-ß-fnse kvXoIsfhnhmlw Ign-®n-cp∂ £Xn-b-cmWv tImbn-Ø-ºp-cm-°-∑m¿. cm⁄n-am-cpsS `¿Øm-°-∑m-cm-sW-¶nepw Ah¿°v cmPm-[n-Imcw C√ Ah-cpsS a°ƒ cmPyw `cn®p F∂vhcmw F∂p amXw. ChnsS cmPmhv F∂ kma\y A¿∞-Øn-emWv tImhn¬∏-≠mcw F∂p ]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv ).34. Rm\pw \obpw-a-W-s™m-cp-ap-lq¿Øwt]m-en-cp-∂o-Sp-In¬

ImtWWw Xh- m-Ky,-sa¥p ]d-bmht√-Xp-tam¿°pw hn[uXmt\-h∂p kl-k-tem-N-\-\tlmhmbpw-]p-X-®m-ÿbm\q\w hoWp \a-kvI-cn-°p-a-Xp-t]mcmtXm a[q-\mw-]-Zw.(Rm\pw \obpw Hcp-an®v Hcp aplq¿Øw -t]mse Ccn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, Btem-

Nn-®m¬ \ns‚ `mKyw F¥m-sW∂v ]d-bm≥ km[y-a-√. I≠p-Xs∂ Adn-b-Ww.tZth-µ≥ X\nsb h∂v hmbv°¬ ssIbpw s]mØn hoWv \ns∂ \a-kvI-cn-°pw.h[p-hn\v AX D∂-X-amb ]Zhn t]mcmtbm?

Xs∂ hnhmlw Ign-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ koX-bv°p-≠m-Ip∂ t\´-ß-sf-°p-dn®v]d™v ]tem- n-∏n-°p-I-bmWv cmh-W≥. tZth-µ≥ Xs∂-h∂v koXsb \a-kvI-cn-°pw. hmbpw ]pX®v \n¬°p-I tIc-f-Ønse Hcp BNmc-am-Wv. ]`p-°-∑m-cp-tSbpwcmPm-°-∑m-cp-tSbpw apºn¬ km[m-c-W-°m¿ ssIsIm≠v hmbvaq-Sn-bmWv \n¬°p-∂-Xv. B \nev]v hn\-b-sØbpw _lp-am-\-sØbpw tZymXn-∏n-°p-∂p. kz¿§m-[n-]-\mbtZth-µ≥ Hcp `rXy-s\-t∏mse apºn¬ _lp-am-\-]q¿∆w \n¬°p-I F∂-Xn¬°-hn™v F¥p-]-Z-hn-bmWv Hcp kvXo°v e`n-t°-≠-Xv F∂v cmh-W≥ tNmZn-°p-∂p).35. a¬]m-tW-izcn tZhn ]pjv]-I-hn-am-\-tØ-ep-S≥ \ns∂ Rm≥

Xevt] Nmcp-In-SØn apKv≤-l-knXw hIvXw apI¿∂-¥cminev]w tImen\ hniz-I¿Ω-c-Nn-Xmamtem-Iy-e-¶m-]p-cn˛sat∏mƒ Rm≥ acp-hp-∂-X∂p ZbntX! \n≥`m-Ky-tam¿ØoSp \o.(A√tbm ]mtW-izco! tZho \ns∂ ]pjv]-I-hn-am-\-Øn¬ Ib-‰n, at\m-l-c-

amb saØ-bn¬ InSØn ]p©n-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ \ns‚ apJw CS-bv°n-Sbv°v Npw_n-®p-sIm≠v, inev]-`wKn \nd-™, hniz-I¿Ωm-hn-\m-¬ \n¿Ωn-°-s∏-´, e¶m-]p-cnsbI≠p-sIm≠v Ft∏m-gmtWm Rm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xv A∂sØ \ns‚ `mKyw Ht∂m¿Øp-t\m-°v.Ipt_cs‚ ssIbn¬ \n∂pw cmh-W≥ A]-l-cn-s®-Sp-Ø-XmWv ]pjv]-I-hn-am-\w. cmh-W-h-[m-\-¥cw cma≥ koXsb Ib-‰n-bn-cpØn Atbm-≤y-bn-tebv°p aS-ßn-bXv ]pjv]-I-hn-am-\-Øn-em-Wv ).36. s\≠o-ap-≠-∂p, ap≠o-]p-\-c-g-In-bepw s\ -\tøm XSn-®n˛

°p≠m-as√m XZm\ow saen-b, \nl saen®ns°mtcm s]mÆ-\p≠mwI≠m-em-Im-X-h∂p-s≠mcp Xcp-Wn-a-lm-kp-µco kpµ-ct∂mI≠m-em-Im-X\mco ]cn-Nn-s\mSp htbmh¿Æ-ao-h-Æ-a-s√m.



(s\≠n-˛-s]m-°-ap-≈-hƒ. ap≠≥-˛-s]m°w Ipd-™-h≥. s\´≥-˛-s]m-°w-Iq-Sn-b-h≥. I≠m-em-Im-X-h≥-˛-Im-Wm≥ sIm≈-cp-Xm-Ø-h≥ (hn-cq-]≥) htbm-h¿Æw˛ hb pw \ndhpw.

temI-Ønse Zº-Xn-am-cp-sS-bn-S-bn¬°mWp∂ s]mcp-Ø-°p-d-hmWv lmky-c-k-]-[m-\-amb Cu t«mI-Øn¬ cmh-W≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. s]m°-ap≈ kvXo°vs]m°w Ipd™ `¿Øm-hn-s\-bm-bn-cn°pw e`n-°p-∂-Xv. adn®v s]m°w IqSn-b-h\v s]m°w Ipd-™-h-fm-bn-cn°pw `mcy. saen™ `¿Øm-hn\v XSn-®n-bmb`mcybpw, XSn-b-\mb `¿Øm-hn\v saen™ `mcybpw temI-Øn¬ ImWmw.hncq-]\v alm-kp-µ-cnsb `mcy-bmbn e`n-°pw. adn®v kpµ-cn°v hncq-]-s\-bm-bn-cn°pw e`n-°p-∂-Xv. CØ-c-Øn¬ hb- nepw \nd-Ønepw bmsXmcp tN¿®-bp-an-√mØ Zº-Xn-I-sf-bm-Wv temI-Øn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv. am\-kn-I-amb s]mcp-Ø-t°-Sp-Isf°pdn®v cmh-W≥ H∂pw ]d-bp-∂n-s√-¶nepw AØcw s]mcp-Ø-t°-Sp-Ifpw Zº-Xn-am-cpsS CS-bn¬ [mcm-f-am-bn-´p-≠v. Xm\pw koXbpw XΩn¬CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ tN¿®-°p-dhv bmsXm-∂p-an-√. BIr-Xnbnepw ]Ir-Xn-bnepwXßƒ s]mcp-Ø-ap≈ Zº-Xn-am-cm-bn-cn-°pw. F∂mWv cmh-W≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

]p\-Øns‚ lmky-c-k-\n-th-i-ssh-Z-Kv[y-Øn\v ZrjvSm-¥-ambn ]ecpw ]e-SØpw Cu t«mIw D≤-cn-®p ImWp-∂p).37. ]pwtkm \qdp-h-b- -hƒ°p ]Xn-\m-sd-¶n¬ s]mcp-t∂m-\tS

Xkym \qdp-h-b- -h∂p ]Xn-\m-sd-¶n¬ ]amZw XptemwcmXu sN∂p can-∏-Xn∂p Pwcmap∞m-]y-t]m-b-Ωn-ta¬Xmw_q-e-sØ-b-c-®p-ap-°pSn IpSn∏n°pw \tc-t`ym-\a:

]pwtkm˛]p-cp-j-\v. s]mcp-t∂m-˛-tbm-Pn-®-Xm-tWm,Xkym-˛-A-hƒ°v. ]am-Zw-˛-sX-‰v,PT-cmw-˛-hr-≤-sb. D∞m-]y-˛-F-gp-t∂¬∏n-®n-´v. ap°p-Sn-˛-a-cp-∂p-Iƒ Ac®ptamcn¬ Ie-°n-bp-≠m-°p∂ Huj-[w, \tc-t`ym-\a: ˛ \c-∑m¿°m-bn-s°m≠v\a-kvIm-cw......

]pcp-j\p \qdp-h-b pw kvXo°v ]Xn-\mdp hb- p-am-sW-¶n¬ Ah¿XΩn¬ ]t≠-Xs∂ tbmPn-∏pt≠m? Ahƒ°p \qdp hb pw Ah\p ]Xn-\m-dp- hb- psa-¶n¬ ]am-Zw(-sX-‰v-˛-A-]-I-Sw) hf-sc-tb-sd-bp-≠v. cmXn-bn¬ sN∂vcan-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n hr≤sb Fgp-t∂ev]n®v AΩn-°-√n¬ Xmw_qew Ac®vap°pSn IpSn-∏n-°p∂ \c-∑m¿°mbns°m≠v \a-kvIm-cw.

kvXo]p-cp-j-∑m¿ XΩn-ep≈ htbm-t`Zw FX-amXw A]-lm-ky-am-sW∂vcmh-W≥ ]d-bp-∂p. \qdp-h-b- p≈ ]pcp-j\pw ]Xn-\mdp hb- p≈ kvXobpwXΩn¬ tNcp-∂Xpw adn®v ]Xn-\mdp hb- p≈ ]pcp-j\pw \qdp-h-b- p≈kvXobpw XΩn¬ tNcp-∂Xpw A]-lm-ky-am-Wv. PT-c-tbm-sSmØv can-°p-∂-Xn\v ]pcp-j≥ FX-amXw Ivtfiw A\p-`-hn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

ap≥t«m-I-tØ-°mƒ Xcw-Xm-WXpw B`m-k-Øn-tebv°v hgpXn hogp-∂-Xp-amb lmky-amWv Cu t«mI-Øn¬. ]ma-c-∑mcpw A]-Iz-a-Xn-I-fp-amb km[m-c-W-°msc D∂w-h-®mWv CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ lmkyw cNn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Ac-ßn¬hnP-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\v CØcw ^en-X-ßƒ Bh-iy-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p).38. Fs∂-√m-a√ \Ωn¬ ]p\-c-h-bhw sIms≠m-°p-samtcm KpWussL˛

sc∂-√m¿°pw ]kn≤w PKXn \ncq-]ta! tZhn sshtZln _mte!F∂meo tbmK ta¬∏m≥ ]Wn s]cnsI at\m-⁄mwKo \o Ime-

sam∂m˛sem∂-√mtX If-™o-S-cpXp ]pW-cp-hmt\Ip et¶-iz-c≥ Rm≥.

( \ncp-]ta! tZho! sshtZlo! _mte! F∂p amX-a√ \mw XΩn¬ Ah-b-h-Kp-W-ß-fm¬ tbmPn°pw F∂Xv temI-]-kn-≤-am-Wv. CXp-t]m-ep≈ HcptbmKw C\nbpw D≠m-hm≥ hfsc ]bm-k-am-Wv. at\m-⁄mwKo! AXp-sIm≠vImew If-bmsX Fs∂ Bt«-jn-®m-epw.

111



39. tZhm\mwhrØn-am -I¿Æb aa khnt[ Xºn-cm≥ Xms\m-cm -\˛∏mhm, \·n - Xbo \¬s®-dp -] -g -bcnhm¿t°-W, tatW-£-tWtaImh¬°m-°n -°n -S -°p -∂n -Xp -b -a -s\-\n -crXymk-aw, ]pjv]-hm -So˛thsh√mw t]m° thWw hcp-W, \p]-ht\ hmbp ho boS thWw.(tZh-\mwhr-Øn˛ tZh-∑m-cpsS tPmen. BI¿Æ-b-˛-tI-´m-epw, aa- k-hn-

t[˛ Fs‚-b-Sp-°¬. B\-∏m-hm≥-˛-B-\-∏m-∏m≥- (-B-\-°m-c≥). A·n-X-bo-˛-aq∂v A·n-Iƒ (Z-£n-Wm-·o, Km¿l-]-Xym-·o, Bl-h-\o-bm·n F∂ aq∂vA·n-Iƒ) GtW-£-W-˛-am≥t]-S-bp-tS-Xp-t]m-ep≈ ItÆm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hƒ (kp-µ-cn) \ncr-Xym-k-aw-˛-\n-cr-Xn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn. \ncr-Xn-˛-A-jvS-Zn-Iv]m-e-I-∑m-cn¬ Hcmƒ.A¿∞w: Fs‚-b-Sp-°se tZh-∑m-cpsS tPmen \o tI´m-epw. tZh-∑m-cpsS A[n-]-\mb Cµ≥ Fs‚ B\-∏m-∏m-\m-Wv. A·n-Iƒ aq∂pw \¬s®dp ]g-bcnsh®p-hm¿°p∂ tPmen-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. A√tbm kpµ-co, bas\ \ncr-Xn-tbm-sSm∏w Imh¬°m-c-\m°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. hcp-Ws‚ tPmen DZym-\-Ønse NqSpIpd-bv°pI F∂-Xm-Wv. hmbp-hn\v DZym-\-Øn¬ hoipI F∂ tPmen-bmWvsNøp-\p-≈-Xv.

AjvS-ZnIv ]me-∑m-cn¬ Bdp-t]-cmWv ChnsS ]d-bp∂ tZh-∑m¿. Ingt°Zn°ns‚ A[n-]-\mb Cµs\ B\-°m-c-\m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. tZth-µs‚ hml\wsFcm-hXw F∂ B\-bm-Wt√m AXp-sIm≠v B\-°m-cs‚ tPmen `wKn-bmbn\n¿∆-ln-°p-hm≥ Ign-bpw. sX°p-In-g-°ns‚ A[n-]-Xn-bmWv A·n. A·nsb]mN-I-°m-c-\m°nbncn-°p-∂p. ]mN-I-Øn\v AXym-h-iy-am-Wt√m A·n. \¬sN-dp-]-g-b-cn -hm¿°Ww F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xm-Wv IqSp-X¬ ck-I-cw. ]≠v tIc-f-Ønse ]`p-°ƒ Blm-c-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂Xv ]g-b-cn-bm-Wv. Zl-\-Øn\pwcpNn°pw ]‰n-bXv ]g-b-cn-bm-Wv. ba≥ sXs° Zn°ns‚bpw \ncrXn sX°p-]-Sn-™mtd Zn°n-s‚bpw, hcp-W≥ ]Sn-™mtd Zn°-s‚bpw hmbp hS-°p-]-Sn-™mtd Zn°n-s‚bpw A[n-]-∑m-cm-Wv. hSs° Zn°ns‚ A[n-]-\mb Ipt_-c-s\bpw Hgn-hm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. inh≥ cmh-Ws‚ CjvS-tZ-h-X-bm-bp-sIm≠pwIpt_-c≥ iXp-hm-sW-¶nepw tPyjvT-\m-b-Xp-sIm-≠p-am-bn-cn°mw Hgn-hm-°n-b-Xv.

(Cu t«mI-Ønse tIc-fo-bX i≤n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.B\-∏m-∏ms‚ tPmenCµ\p \¬In-b-Xnepw A·n°v ]g-bcn sh®p-hm¿°p∂ tPmen sImSp-Ø-XnepwtIc-fo-bX \ng-en-°p-∂p. tIc-f-Ønse hnS\pw hnSp-hm-b-\p-amb Hcp CS-]-`p-hns‚ Omb-bmWv ]p\w cmh-W\v \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv).

40. kotX! Im¨]q¿Æ-Nµw sXfn-hn-s\mSp]]p-jva-¥-ao-h-Æ-apt≠m

\mtY! cmam-¥ntI ]s≠mcp Zn\-aXp sNm˛t√mate \o bYm¿∞w

PmXm-\µw IS-°¨ aa h]p-jn-h-g˛ßoSp-a-µ-kvan-X-Øn≥

am[pcyw sIm≠-S-°nbo kpap-Jo, ae¿s®©-c-®q-Sn-Zm-\ow.

(kotX! DS-tem-Sp-IqSn sXfn™p ]Im-in-°p∂ ]q¿Æ-N-µs\ \o ImWp-I.\mtY! cmas‚bSp-°¬ ]m¿°p-tºmƒ Hcn-°-se-¶nepw \o CXp-t]m-se-bp≈ Nµs\I≠n- pt≠m? kXyw ]d-bp-I. Ct∏mƒ B\-µ-tØm-Sp-IqSn IS-°Æv Fs‚ ico-c-Øn-tebv°v Ab-®m-epw. aµ-kvan-X-Øns‚ am[pcywsIm≠v A√tbm kpapJo! Fs‚Ima-®qSv AS-°n-bm-epw.

A¿≤-cm-Xn-bn¬ ]q¿Æ-tim- -tbmsS Nµ≥ ]Im-in-°p-∂Xv Xs‚ Ign-hns‚]I-S-\-ambn cmh-W≥ hymJym-\n-°p-∂p).

112



41. ]≠m-Zu-cm-a-\-tºm-Sbn _X-]-g-hn˛√pw sRcn-®mip \ns∂

s°m≠m-So-t∏m-bv°-gn-™m-\-[n-Im-a-cn-i-am˛boa-t\m-c-ay-iote!

h≠m¿]qthWn X°w ]cn-sNmSp ]e-\mƒ]m¿Øn-cp-t∂-\n-Zm\ow

It≠-\n-tX-S, sa∂m-en\n aa-i-cWw\n≥]Zw Xºn-cm´o!

(BZu˛ BZn-bn¬. AtºmSv ˛ Atºm-Sp-Iq-Sn. (-_m-W-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn) A≥]v-˛-kvt\-lw. kvt\l-tØm-Sp-IqSn F∂pw A¿∞w ]d-bmw. ]g-hn-√v-˛-]-g-b-hn√v (an-Yn-e-bn¬ P\-I-a-lm-cm-Pmhv kq£n-®n-cp∂ Xbw-_Iw hn√mWv cmh-W≥ Bt£-]-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂ ]g-hn-√v). sIm≠m-Sn-˛-A-`n-\-µn®v (k-t¥m-jn-®v). at\m-c-ay-io-e˛ a\- n\v cay-amb ioe-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hƒ (a-\- ns\ kt¥m-jn-∏n-°p∂ kuio-ey-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hƒ) h≠m¿]q-th-Wn-˛-h-≠n-s\-t∏mse IdpØp at\m-l-c-ambXe-apSntbmSp-Iq-Sn-b-hƒ. CtX-Sw-˛-C-Xp-hsc (C-hn-sS-h-sc).......]≠v BZn-bn¬cma≥ Atºm-Sp-Iq-Sn-h∂v ]g-hn√v sRcn®v kt¥m-jn®v \ns∂sIm≠p-t]m-bn.at\m-cayiote! AXv F\n°v AXy-[nIw Acn-i-Øn\p Imc-W-am-bn. kpµco]e-\mƒ Ah-kcw ]m¿Øn-cp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ Chn-sS-hsc \ns∂ I≠p. (C-hnsS\ns∂ FØn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Rm≥ hnP-bn-®p.) C\n Xºp-cm´o! \ns‚ ]mZw amX-amWv F\n°v ic-W-am-bn-´p-≈-Xv.

koXm-kz-bw-h-c-Øns‚ IY-bmWv BZysØ hcn-bn¬ cmh-W≥ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. inh≥ P\-I-\p-sIm-SpØ ssXbw-_Iw hn√v HSn-°p∂ Bfn-\p-am-XtakoXsb hnhmlw sNøp-hm≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. ]e hoc-∑mcpw AXn-\p-th≠nian-®-Xm-Wv. ]t£ cma-\p-am-X-ta-AXp km[n-®p-≈q. B hoc-Ir-Xy-sØ-bmWv]g-hn-s√m-Sn®v F∂v cmh-W≥ Bt£-]n-°p-∂-Xv ).42 h‡mw-t`mPw ad-®o-S-cpXp Ic-Xew sIm≠p-I-t≠m¿ ]-gn°pw

aptØepw sIm¶-c≠pw Ia\n sXmSp-Intem t]Sn-bm-bvtIm-ate! \o]pØ≥ ]qt¥≥ s]mgn-™o-Sn\ a[n-c-Kn-cmNmcp-am-a-iz-kn-∏n˛®pZy¬kv\lw ]pW¿∂o-S-Jne Ne-Zrimw auen-am-Wn-Iy-amte!(hIvXmwt`mPw ˛ apJ-am-Ip∂ Xma-c. aptØ-epw-˛-ap-Ø-Wn-™. a[p-c-Kn-cm-˛-

a-[p-c-hm-°p-IƒsIm-≠v. DZyp¬kvt\-lw-˛-D-Zn® kvt\l-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn. AJn-e-N-e-Zr-imw-˛-F√m kpµ-cn-am¿°pw. auen-am-Wn-Iy-am-e˛ inc- nse amWn-Iy-am-e. Ne-Zr-Iv˛ Nen-°p∂ IÆp-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hƒ (kp-µ-cn).......... \o \ns‚ ssIsIm≠vapJ-am-Ip∂ Xmac ad-bv°-cp-Xv. Bfp-Iƒ \ns∂ ]gn-bv°pw. A√tbm Ia\o!apØ-Wn™ sIm¶ sXmSp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ \o t]Sn-°-cp-Xv. F√m kpµ-cn-am¿°pwintcm-`q-j-W-am-bn-´p-≈-htf! tX≥ s]mgn-bp∂ a[p-c-hm-°p-Iƒ sIm≠v Fs∂Biz-kn-∏n®v kvt\l-tØm-Sp-IqSn ]pW¿∂m-epw. hIvXmwt`mPw ˛ F∂n-SØvcq]-Im-e-¶mcw ).43. I‰-°m¿Iq-¥¬ \o°n-Øn-cp-an-gn-ap-\-sIm˛

s≠m∂p t\m°m-bvIn-en-t∏mƒNp‰pw \n¬°p-∂-ssa-°-Æn-Iƒ ]gn-]-dbpw

\n›bw ]pWy-iote!ap‰pw \osb∂n a‰n-∏p-Xp-a-Xp-sam-gn-am-cm-cn˛

hÆw shSn-t™m˛cq‰-tØm-Sn-X-\mfpw Ipfn-Ip-dn-bn-sS-gp-∂o¬° t]mtIm-ate \mw.( I‰-°m¿Iq-¥¬ \o°n Xncp-apgn ap\-sIm≠v \o Fs∂ t\m°m-Xn-cn-

°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Np‰pw \n¬°p∂ kpµ-cn-am¿ \ns∂ Ip‰w ]d-bpw. \ob-√msXat‰-sXmcp kpµ-cn-am-cmWv ss[cy-]q¿∆w Fs∂ CX-\mfpw Dt]-£n-®n-´p-≈Xv?Hmate! Fgp-t∂‰v Ipfn®v Ipdn-bn-´v \-ap°v t]mImw).

113



44. ssXtemIyioI-fn°pw Ifn-\n-e-a-_te!amdnSw ama-Io\mw

tIf-kvan≥ Ima-tIm-em-le hcXn hn[uhni-an-°m-a-i¶w

tate-tate hntijw ]e-hp-a-\p- -hn-∏n-∏-Xn-t∂m¿°n-ses∂

t∏mte a‰m-cn-Zm-\o,ape-In¬ hncp-sX, \n˛s°∂-tXm¿Øo-sStSm \o.

( aq∂p temI-Øn-sebpw sFiz-cy-Øns‚ Ifn\ne-amWv Fs‚ Cu amdn-Sw.Ima-tIfn Ign™v £oWn-X-bm-bn-cn-°p∂ \n\°v ChnsS \n w-ibw hni-an-°mw.ta¬°p-ta¬ ]e Xc-Øn-ep≈ hnti-j-ßƒ A\p- -hn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v Fs∂-t∏mseB¿°mWv Cu temI-Øn¬ kma¿∞yw?).45. H∂n-tßm¿t°-W-an-t∏m-fbn kpapJn hrYm

cmh-W≥ sIm∂p ]t®˛Xn∂pw t]mse∂p It≠m¿ ]dbpw aXp-I-W˛

°ms°mem h√t` \oF∂pw t_m[w hcm Rm≥ ]d-In-eXp \n\˛

s°m∂p t\m°oSp sas√˛s∂s∂-°m-an-®n-Xt√m hnN-cXn hn_p-[˛

kvXoP\w ]m¿iz-`mtK( A√tbm kpµco! cmh-W≥ sIm∂v ]®-bv°p- Xn∂p-∂-h-\m-sW∂v h√-h-cp-

sams° ]d-bpw. AXp \o hiz-kn-°-cp-Xv. Rm≥ ]d-bp-∂Xv \n\°v hizm-k-am-Ip-∂n-s√-¶n¬ Np‰p-sam∂v t\m°v. Fs∂ Iman-®p-sIm-≠t√ kz¿§ kvXoIƒ kao-]Øvk©-cn-°p-∂-Xv ).46. kz¿§-kvXo-h¿§-a-t√m-Xh hnfn-]-Wn-sN-øp˛

∂sX-s∂-∏p-W¿∂m¬an°-t∏mgpw XtemSpw Nc-W-k-c-knPw

]q¿Æ-]o-bq-j-[mamssa°-Æm¿auen aWvtUm-Z-cn-I-c-I-aew

Xmßp-hm-t\m¿Øp-Im-Wpƒ˛]pt° ImWm-hn-tXmtcm ck-k-cWn alo˛

amc amWn-Iy-amte!(hnfn-]-Wn-˛-ho-Sp-]Wn (`r-Xy-th-e) Nc-W-k-c-kn-Pw˛ ]mZ-am-Ip∂ Xma-c-∏q-hv.

]q¿Æ-]o-bp-j-[m-am˛ ]q¿Æ-N-µ≥. ssa°-Æm¿ auen˛ kpµ-co-c-Xv\w. Dƒ]p-t°- -D-≈n¬ ]th-in-°p∂ Ah-k-c-Øn¬. ck-k-c-Wn- -c-k-I-c-ß-fmb am¿K-ßƒ. alo-am-c-am-Wn-Iy-am-e- -ti-jvT-\mb Ima-tZ-hs‚ amWn-Iy-am-e-bm-bn- p-≈-hƒ......\o Fs∂Bt«-jn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ kz¿§kvXo h¿§-amWv \n\°v hnSp-]Wn sNøp-∂-Xv.]q¿Æ-N-µ≥ an°-t∏mgpw \ns‚ ]Z-I-aew XtemSpw. kpµ-cn-bmb aWvtUm-Zcn \ns‚ssI]n-Sn-°pw. alo-am-c-am-Wn-Iy-amte! \o A¥:]pc-Øn¬ ]th-in-°p-tºmƒ \n\°pck-I-c-ß-fmb ]e am¿§-ßfpw ImWmw. ...\ns∂ ckn-∏n-°p∂ ]eXpw A¥:]pc-Øn-ep-≠v).47. bmh-’ym¬ ]fl-am[zo a[p-_-lp-a-\ptX

Xmh-Zn--µn-µn-tcm-\y˛Zymh¬ tPym’v\m ]]mtX acn-Nn-In-kebw

teVn-Xm-h-®-tImc:bmh-∂tfmw_pPm\mw `hXn arZp-Z-fm-\yØn

Xmh-∑-cmf:kvXmh-∑-WvtUm-Zco ta kpX\p hnX-\ptj

tZhn-bm-h¬ ]kmZw



(Cµn-µncw (h-≠v) bmhXv (F-t∏mƒ hsc-bm-tWm) ]fl-am-[zo-kymXv (Xm-a-c-∏q-hnse tX≥ e`n-°p-∂-Xv) XmhXv (A-t∏mƒ hsc) A\yXv (a-‰p-≈-h-sb˛ a‰p≈]q°-fnse tX\n-s\) _lp-a-\p-tX(-_-lp-am-\n-°p-∂p) NtImc: (NtIm-cw) bmhXv(F-t∏m-gm-Wv) tPym’v\m ]]mX: (\n-emhp hogp-∂-Xv) XmhXv (A-t∏mƒ hsc)acn-Nn-In-k-e-bw(-Ip-cp-ap-f-Ins‚ Xfn-cv) teVn (Xn-∂p-∂p) acmf: (A-c-b-∂w) Aw_p-Pm\mw \mfw (Xm-a-c-h-f-bw) `hXn (D-≠m-hp-∂-Xv) arZp-Z-fm≥ AØn (Cfw Xfn-cp-Iƒ Xn∂p-∂p) kpX\p tZho (kp-µ-cn-bmb tZhn) ]kmZw hnX-\ptj (\ns‚ ]kmZwD≠m-Ip-∂-Xv) ta (F-\n-°v) aWvtUm-Z-cn˛ (a-WvtUm-Zcn ] -a-ln-jn-bm-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-bp-≈q)

h≠n\v G‰hpw ]nb-s∏-´Xv Xma-c-∏q-hnse tX≥ BWv. AXp e`n-°p-∂-Xp-hsc amXta AXp a‰p ]q°-fnse tX≥ IpSn-°p-I-bp-≈q. NtIm-c-∏-£n-bpsS CjvS-`£yw \nem-hm-Wv. AXp e`n-°p-∂Xp hsc amXta Ipcp-ap-f-Ins‚ Ce `£n-°p-I-bp-≈p. Ac-b-∂-Øns‚ ]nb-s∏´ `£yw Xma-c-\q¬ BWv. AXp e`n-°p-∂-Xp-hscamXta Xma-c-bpsS Xfn-cne Xn∂p-I-bp-≈q. AXp-t]mse koX-bpsS ]kmZw e`n-°p∂Xphsc amXta aWvtUm-Z-cnsb `mcy-bmbn sh®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bp-≈q.

tijvT-am-bXp e`n-®m¬ ,km-[m-c-W-am-bXv Dt]-£n-°pI P¥p-k-l-P-amb kz`m-h-am-Wv. koXsb At]-£n®v aWvtUm-Zcn km[m-c-W-°mcn amXam-Wv. CXp-hscXm≥ aWvtUm-Z-cnsb ] -a-ln-jn-bmbn sh®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂Xv koXsb e`n-°m-Xn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. koXsb e`n-°p∂ \nanjw Xm≥ aWvtUm-Z-cnsb Dt]-£n°pwF∂mWv cmh-Ws‚ kqN-\).48. `P-am-a-\-h-ZymwKo! Imam¬ Ia-e-tem-Nt\

cwt`mcp arK-im-_m£o! ]q¿Æ-N-µ-\n- m-\t\(`P˛ `Pn-®mepw. amw˛-F-s∂. A\-h-Zymw-Kn-˛-A-\-h-Zy-amb AwK-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-h-

tf. A\hZyw˛Ip-‰-a-‰. Imam¬-˛-Im-a-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn. Ia-e-tem-N-\-˛-Xm-a-c-°-Æn. cwt`m-cp-˛-cw-`-sb-t∏m-ep≈ Dutcm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hƒ. cw`-˛-hm-g. arK-im-_m-£n-˛-am≥Ip-´n-bp-tS-Xp-t]m-ep≈ IÆp-Iƒ. im_w-˛-Ip-´n. ]q¿Æ-N-µ-\n-`m-\-t\-˛-]q¿Æ-N-µ\p Xpey-ambapJ-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-tf. \n`w-˛-Xp-eyw).49. XthZw ]fl-]-Xm£w apJw ZrjvSm at\m-caw

`qe-Xm-e-fnXw Im¥-a-\wtKm _m[tX `riw(Xth-Zw˛ Xh+CZw \ns‚ Cu. ]fl-]-Xm-£w- -Xm-a-c-bn-Xƒ t]mep≈ IÆp-

Iƒ. ZrjvSzm- -I-≠n- v. `qe-Xm-e-fn-Xw- -]p-cn-I-s°m-Sn-bm¬ at\m-l-cw. riw˛ G‰hpw.......\ns‚ Cu Xma-c-bn-Xƒ t]mep≈ IÆp-Ifpw a\- ns\ can-∏n-°p-∂Xpw ]pcn-I-s°m-Sn-sIm≠v at\m-l-chpw Im¥-hp-amb apJhpw I≠n´v Fs∂ A\w-K≥ AXy-[nIw_m[n-°p-∂p).50. cmPym-Nyp-X-a-kn-≤m¿∞w cmaw cmaw ]cn-an-Xm-bpjw

ssI¿Kp-ssW-c-\p-c-‡mkn aqtV ]WvUn-X-am-\n\w(cmPym-Nyp-Xw- -cm-Py-Øn¬ \n∂v FSp-sØ-dn-b-s∏- -h≥. Akn-≤m¿∞w- -A¿∞w

([-\w) e`n-°m-Ø-h≥. ]cn-an-Xm-bp-jw-˛-]-cn-an-X-amb Bbp-t m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥.ssI¿KpssW:˛ ssI:+KpssW:˛ F¥p-Kp-W-ß-fm¬. A\p-c-‡m-kn- \o A\p-cp-‡-bm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]WvUn-X-am-\n-\w-˛-]-WvUn-X≥ F∂p A`n-am-\n-°p-∂-h≥˛ hmkvX-h-Øn¬ bmsXmcp ]mWvUn-Xy-hp-an-√m-Ø-h≥...... aqtV! cmPy-Øn¬\n∂v FSp-sØ-dn-b-s∏´h\pw bmsXmcp kºØpw C√m-Ø-h-\pw, ]cn-an-X-amb Bbp-t m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\pw, ]WvUn-X-am-\n-bp-amb cmas\ \o F¥p -Kp-W-ß-fm-emWv t]an-°p-∂Xv?

Hcp kvXo A\p-cp-‡-bm-I-Ø° bmsXmcp KpWhpw cmh-Ws‚ A`n-]m-b-Øn¬cma-\n-√. Aß-s\-bp≈ cma-\n¬ A\p-cp-‡-bm-b-Xp-sIm-≠mWv knXsb aqtV F∂cmh-W≥ hnfn-°p-∂-Xv ).



51. AtK-I≈ alm-ap-\n°p NpaSpwsIń-∏n-c´pw ]Sn˛

®pKmflm hgn-ta¬ h[n®p hn[hmwhr≤mw Irimw XmSImw

sNm¬s°m≈pw Id-fn-s°-Xn¿Øp hncpXpwsIń-Øn-an¿sØ-Xbpw

apjv°m-e-∏-g-hn-s√m-Sn®p ]nSn-s]- m≥\ns∂ \n¿hym-Ipew

(AtK-˛-ap-ºn¬. I≈-a-lm-ap-\n-˛-C-hnsS hnizm-an-X≥, ]nc-Sv-˛-X-¥w, DKm-∑m-˛-i-‡≥. (]n-]-coX e£-W-bnse ]tbm-Kw) Irimw- -sa-en-™-hƒ. Ipd-fn˛ thiy.hncp-Xpw-sI-ń-˛-km-a¿∞yw-Im-Wn-®v. \n¿hym-Ip-ew-˛-bm-sXmcp hymIpeX-bp-an-√m-sX.......I≈-a-lm-ap-\n-bpsS aptº Npa-sS-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠p-t]m-bn. X¥-ß-sf√mw ]Tn-®v, DK-\mb Ah≥ hgn-bn¬ h®vv hr≤bpw hn[-hbpw Iri-bp-amb XmS-Isb h[n-®v,t]cp-tI´ thiy-bpsS apºn¬ Xs‚ kma¿∞yw ]I-Sn-∏n®v apjvSn-°p-sIm≠v B]g-hn-s√m-Sn®v bmsXmcp t¢i-hp-an-√msX \ns∂ ]nSn-s®-Sp-Øp.

kzoXm-kz-bw-h-c-Øn\p apºp≈ cmas‚ Pohn-X-Ønse ][m\ kw -h-ß-fmbhnizm-an-X-bmK c£, XmS-Im-h-[w, Al-eym-tam£w F∂nh lmkym-fl-I-ambn Cut«mI-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. hnizm-an-Xs\ I≈-k-\ym-kn-bmbn IW-°m-°p∂ cmh-W≥ hnizm-an-Xs\ I≈ k\ym-kn-bmbn IW-°m°p∂ cmh-W≥ hnizm-an-X-\n¬\n∂v cma≥ _e, AXn-_e F∂o a¥-ß-f- y-kn-®Xpw AkvX-hnZy ]Tn-®Xpw ]nc- p-]-SnØ-am-bn- mWv hymJym-\n-°p-∂-Xv.\oe-a-lm-taLw t]mse F∂v IÆ-»≥ h¿Æ≥h¿Æn-°p∂ XmS-I-bmWv cmh-Ws‚ ZrjvSn-bn¬ hr≤bpw Iri-bpw. Aß-s\-bp-≈-hsf h[n-°p-∂-Xn\v henb Ign-shm∂pw th≠-t√m. AXp-sIm≠v DKmflm F∂vhn]-co-X-e-£-W-bn¬ cmas\ hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂p. Aley cmh-W\v thiybpw ssXbw-_Iw ]g-hn-√p-am-Wv ).52. lmky-_m-“-W-s\-Ø-Sp-Ø-g-Ip-Xmbv

]mIn-®,-\¿∞-s∏-Sp˛ØmØm-\-µn-a-cp∂ t\c-a- ntj

Imt¥ ]ngp-°o-Sn-\mƒHm¿Øm-seX hnNnX a∂-\p-P\pw

Xm\pw ]pd-s∏´p t]m˛bm¿Øym-ImSp Itcdn \obp-a-hcpw

IqSn-∏n-S-™o-etbm(lmky_m-“-W≥- -]-c-ip-cm-a≥. (_m-“W [¿Ωw shSn™v £Xn-b-[¿Ωw

A\p-jvTn-®-Xp-sIm≠v A]-lm-ky-\m-bn-Øo¿∂-h≥) Ag-Ip-Xmbv ]mIn-®v- -\-√ -hÆwi]n®v ˛ iIm-cn-®v. A\¿∞-s∏-Sp-Øn-˛-I-jvS-s∏-Sp-Øn. ]ngp-°o-Sn-\mƒ˛ ]ngp-sX-dn-™p (ssI-tIbn cmPyØp \n∂ ]pd-Øm-°n)

koXm-kz-bw-h-c-Øn-\n-tijw Atbm-≤y-bn-tebv°p aS-ßp-tºmƒ ]c-ip-cm-a≥iocm-as\ XS™p \n¿Øn _e-]-co-£-W-Øn\p hnt[-b-\m-°nb IY-bm-WvBZysØ hcn-I-fn¬ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. “lmky-_m-“-W≥” F∂-Xn\p ]Icw “BVy-_m-“-W≥” F∂pw Hcp ]mT-ap-≠v. BVy-_m-“-W\mb ]c-ip-cm-as\ D]-Z-hn®cma≥ alm-]m]n-bm-Wv. ]c-ip-cm-a-\mWv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ iocm-as\ XS-™p-\n¿Øp-∂-sX-¶nepw cmh-W≥ ]d-bp-∂Xv adn-®m-Wv.

“Ag-Ip-Xmbv ]mIn®p” F∂-Xn\v \√ AΩsb Ic-bn-®p F∂v A¿∞w sImSp-Øp ImWp-∂p. ]t£ ]mIn-°p-I F∂Xn\v i]n-°p-I, iIm-cn-°pI Fs∂m-s°-bmWv ]kn-≤-amb A¿∞w. Iuk-eysb Ic-bn-°p-∂-Xn\v ChnsS ]k-‡n-bp-an-√.]pgp-°o-Sn-\mƒ F∂v kvXoenwKw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v ssItIbn cmas\\mń¬ \n∂v Bń-∏m-bn®p F∂ A¿∞-amWv cmh-W≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv ).



53. `I-Xzm-iq¿∏-W-Jm-sam-fn®p apebpwaq°pw-ap-dn-®q-cpjm

Xyt‡zamw `hXow NXn-®p-a-dn-am≥]n≥t] \S-∂o-Sn\m≥

DƒØm-t]\ InS-∂n-g-s™mcp Ipctßs®∂p Imepw-]n-Sn˛

s®mØpw sIms≠m-fn-bºp hns´m-cp-h-s\˛s°m∂m-\-tlm-ho-cy-hm≥

( iq¿∏-W-Jsb cl-ky-ambn Bkz-Zn-®n´v, tIm]-tØm-Sp-IqSn Ah-fpsS aq°pwapebpw apdn-®v. Cu `h-Xnsb Dt]-£n-®n´v adn-am≥ ]n≥t] \S-∂p. ]ns∂ a\:]bm-k-tØm-Sp-IqSn Cg-bp∂ Cg-bp∂ Hcp Ipc-ßs‚ Imep-]n-Sn-®v, Ah-\p-ambn tN¿∂vHfn-b-sºbvXv B hocy-hm≥ Hcp-hs\ sIm∂p.

iq¿∏-W-Jm-hn-cq-]-Whpw amco-N-\n-K-lhpw _men-h-[hpw Cu t«mI-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. cmh-Ws‚ A`n-]m-b-Øn¬ cma≥ iq¿∏-WJsb t`mKn-®-Xn-\p-ti-j-amWvAh-fpsS aq°pw apebpw apdn-®-Xv. koX ]d-™n- mWv cma≥ am\ns‚ ]nd-sI t]mb-sX-¶nepw cmh-W≥ ]d-bp-∂Xv koXsb Dt]-£n-®n´v -am\ns‚ ]nd-sI t]mbn F∂m-Wv. AXm-bXv am\ns‚ ]n∂m-se -t]m-b-Xn\v cma\v Ft¥m Hcp KqtVm-t±iyw D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂v hywKyw. DƒØm-t]\ InS-∂n-g™ Ipc-ß≥ kpKo-h≥ Hfn-b-sºbvXpsIm∂Xv _men-sb. hocy-hm≥ F∂Xv hn]-co-X-e-£-W-bn¬ ]tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p.

Bc-Wy-Im-WvU-Øn¬ iq¿∏-WJ cma-e-£va-W-∑msc kao-]n®v hnhm-lm-`y¿∞\ \S-Øp-tºmƒ Ah¿ Ahsf icn°pw Ifn-∏n-°p-∂p. CXn¬ tZjyw tXm∂nbiq¿∏-WJ koXsb Xn∂m-\-Sp-°p-tºmƒ cmas‚ \n¿t±-i-]-Imcw e£va-W-\mWvAhsf AwK-tOZw sNbvXv hncq-]-bm-°n-b-Xv. aq°pw sNhnbpw tOZn-®p Ft∂hmevao-In-cmambW-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p-≈q. (B-c-Wy-ImWvUw 18˛mw k¿§w 21˛mw t«mIw)Fgp-Ø-—≥ A≤ym-fl-cm-am-b-W-Øn¬ aq°pw apebpw sNhn-bp-sams° tOZn®p F∂p]d-bp-∂p).

54. Bim-]miw apdn-°m-an\n cLp-X-\tbhocy-lo\mw h[q\mw

\mi-Øn-∂mZn ]mgvIm-ap-I-scm-sS-Xn¿IS-∂p≈ tIfo-hn-t\mZw

\oNm\mw \oN-\t√m ]p\-c-h-\-h\uP∑-\n¿`m-Ky-s\-¶n¬

t¢in-®mepw hcmtam ]p\-cn-l- Z-bntXhniz-\m-Y∂p t]mepw

(Bim-]miw ˛Bim-_-‘w. cLp-X-\-tb- -c-Lp-X-\-b-\n-ep≈ (io-cm-a-\n-ep-≈)hocy-lo-t\-˛-ho-cy-lo-\-bmb. h[q-\mw-˛-h-[p-°-fpsS. Ah-\u-˛-`q-an-bn¬sh®v. hniz-\m-Y≥-˛-Cu-iz-c≥....... hocy-lo-\-\mb cLp-X-\-b-\n-ep≈ \ns‚ Bim]miw C\n apdn-°mw. BZn-]m-gvIm-ap-I-tcmSv h[p-°ƒ°p≈ AXn¿I-S∂ tIfo-hn-t\mZw \mi-Øn-\m-Wv. Ah≥ `qan-bn-te°pwsh®v \oN-∑m-cn¬ \oN-\m-Wv. P∑\m \n¿`m-Ky-hm-\m-sW-¶n¬ Cuiz-c-\p-t]mepw ChnsS t¢in-®mepw, Zbn-tX, hcm≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-√.]ns∂ a\p-jy-\mb cmas‚ Imcyw ]d-tb-≠-Xpt≠m F∂v Bi-bw.e¶-bn¬ hcm≥ km[n-°m-Ø-Xns‚ ImcWw ASpØ t«mI-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂p).55. InS-ßw-t`m-\m-Y≥ Kncn-in-Jc IqtSjp \Kcn

]S-°q´w `oaw \nd-a-Xn-te-Im-Z-i-hn[w\Sp-Ø- n-∑t≤y aWn-a-b-hn-am\w _lp-Zfwkv^pSm-t`mKw Xkvan≥ aa Ia\n knwlm-k-\-hcw



(Kncn-in-Jc IqtS-jp˛ Kncn-in-Jn-c-Iq-S-ß-fn¬ (]¿∆-X-ß-fnse sImSp-ap-Sn-I-fn¬) \K-cn- -\-K-cw. oaw- -h-ep-Xv. \nd-a-Xn¬- -a-t\m-l-c-am-b. GIm-Z-i-hn-[w- -]-Xn-s\m∂pXc-Øn¬. kv^pSm-t`m-Kw-˛-h-fsc hnkvXm-c-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn. Xkvan≥-˛-A-Xn¬. aWn-a-b-hn-am-\w- -c-Xv\-a-b-amb amfn-I. _lp-Z-fw˛ _lp-ap-Jw....... Cu e¶m-\-K-c-Øns‚ InSßvkap-Z-am-Wv. \Kcw ÿnXn sNøp-∂-Xv ]¿∆-X-ß-fnse sImSp-ap-Sn-I-fn-em-Wv. ssk\ywhfsc hep-XmWv. AXn\p Np‰p-ambn at\m-l-c-amb ]Xn-s\m∂p hn[-Øn-ep≈ tIm -a-Xn-ep-Iƒ D≠v. \Sp-Ø- ns‚ a≤y-Øn-emWv _lp-a-J-amb cXv\-a-Wn-am-fnI: hfschnkvXr-X-amb AXn-emWv A√tbm kpµco Fs‚ tijvT-amb knwlm-k-\w.

kap-Z-Ømepw ]¿∆-X-Ømepw Np‰-s∏- Xpw ]Xn-s\m∂p tIm -a-Xn-ep-I-fp-≈Xpwhenb Hcp ssk\y-Øm¬ c£n-°-s∏- -Xp-amb e¶m-\-K-c-Øn¬ FØn-t®¿∂v Xs∂h[n-°pI F∂Xv B¿°pw Zpjv°-c-am-Wv. koXsb Hcp-X-c-Ønepw c£-s]-Sp-Øm≥B¿°pw Ign-bp-I-bn-√).56. DØcw Ia\n t]mcp-an-∂n-a-Xn˛

bp≠p-]≠p ]e-cp-≠p-Nm˛cnX-sa-s∂m-c-S-thmXn \n∂-sXmcp

ap≥]p tXm∂p-an-Xp-tbm-jn-Xmw.NnØ-kw-`-h-Xp-cm¬ ]nW-™-h¿Iƒ

Xßtf aXn-a-d-∂p-sh¨˛apØ-Wn™ ape amdn¬sh®p

]pW-cp-∂n-Xw-_p-P-hn-tem-Nt\!(t]mcpw-˛-a-Xn. tbmjn-Xmw-˛-kvXo-Iƒ°v. NnØ-kw-`-h-Xp-cm¬-˛-ImaZp:Jw

\nan-Øw..... Ia\o! DØcw aXn. ]≠v _p≤n-a-Xn-I-fmb ]e-cpw NmcnXw F∂ AS-sh-SpØp \n∂n- p-≠v. kvXoIƒ°v CXv BZyw tXm∂p-∂-Xm-Wv. Ah¿ Xs∂ ]n∂oSvImaZp:Jw \nanØw Xß-sf-Øs∂ ad∂v apØ-Wn-™-ape amdn¬ tN¿Øv Aw_p-P-hn-tem-Nt\! Benw-K\w sNøpw).ZWvUIw:˛

abv°-Æn-am¿ aIcn! \njvss°-Xhw XcnIXbvs°m-¶-sam´p aa kotX!aXn-lr-Z-b-\mtY! aZ-\-Xpbn¿ aotXag-e-angn! a\-kn-aa ac-W-an\nhnc-k-anXp apdp-h-e-cpƒ cP-\o-N-c-t]m-tX,Zp:Jm[nIw \nb-X-an-t°m∏p kº-Xn,Ipfn-s°, ¥Xn-s∂m-cp-]-tcm[w?Zpcn-X-an-Xp-t_m[w hcn-I-e-Xn-]m]wZpc-\p- h a\p-P-kpX KX-lr-Z-b-hXn! hnlcZi-apJ \nX-\p-k-cXn IenX ]cn-_m[w[n°-jp-an√ ]p\-cn-°≠ cmh-W˛\nW-°msX s]Æp-e-In-emtc?hnhn-[-c-k-[mtc! hncp-X-Xn-\p-]qtchnK-X-`-b, anf-ap-eI, fg-sIm-S-cp-f-[-c-a[phnXcaa a[p-c-samgn bph-lr-Z-b-tNmtck¬°m-c-a-√bn hNn-°p∂ tXmXp-anXpXbvs°m-¶-bmW ]c-am¿∞w,kpc-bp-hXn km¿∞w ]cn-N-cW ]mXw,Ipfn, Ipdn-bn, sSgp-\n¬, \S, ]n_,-hn-cl hnc-hn-s\mSphn[n hnln-X-a-\p-k-cXn kI-e-a-Xn-am-Xw.



(abv°-Æn-am¿a-I-cn˛ kpµ-co-c-Xv\w. \njvssI-X-hw-˛-I-f-¶w-Iq-Sm-sX. aZ-\-Xp-bn¿-˛-Im-aZp:Jw. ag-e-an-gn-˛-a-t\m-l-c-amb IÆp-≈-hƒ. apdp-h¬-˛-]p-©n-cn. cP-\n-N-c-t]m-tX-˛-cm-£-k-°p-ń-bn¬. D]-tcm-[w-˛-X-S- w. Zpc-\p-`-h-a-\p-P-kp-X-K-X-lr-Z-b-h-Xn-˛-Zp-c-\p-`-h-ap≈ a\p-jy-]p-X-\n¬ lrZbw A¿∏n-®-hƒ. hnl-c-˛-hn-l-cn-®m-epw. Ien-X-]-cn-_m-[w-˛-_p-≤n-ap-t´m-Sp-Iq-Sn. [nIv-˛-im-]-kq-N-I-amb Hcp Ahy-bw.hnhn-[-c-k-[m-tc˛ ]e ck-ßƒ [cn-°p-∂-htf (]e coXn-bn¬ ckn-∏n-°p-∂-h-tf) hncp-Xv-˛-km-a¿∞yw. ]qtc-˛-[m-cm-f-am-bn. hnK-X-`-bw-˛-`-bw-Iq-Sm-sX. hnX-c-˛-X-cn-I. k¬°m-cw-˛-k¬°mc hN- v. (A¿∞-an-√msX \¬Ip∂ ]iw-k) kpc-bp-hXn km¿∞w-˛-tZ-h-bp-h-Xn-I-tfm-Sp-Iq-Sn. ]cn-N-cW ]mXw˛ ]cn-N-c-W-Øn\v ]mXw.Fgp-\n¬-˛-F-gp-t\¬°p-I. ]n_˛ IpSn-®m-epw, hn[n-hn-lXw A\p-k-c-Xn-˛-hn-[n-\n-›-bsØ A\p-k-cn-°p-∂p. kI-ew-˛-F√m hkvXp-°fpw. AXn-am-Xw-˛-A-Xy-Xn-Iw. .... F-√m-hcpw hn[n hnln-XsØ AXy-[nIw A\p-k-cn-°p-∂p. Ft∂mSv tNcpIF∂Xv \ns‚ hn[n-bm-Wv. AXv \o A\p-k-cn-°Ww F∂p `mhw).57. Zi-Ko-h≥ `m¥ym ]e-hgn ]d-t™m-c-fhtlm

hiw sI´-Xy¥w Xc-f-angn \n¿Æo-b-a-\kmINm-ssK-cm-—mZym ]IrXn a[pcw h‡-I-aewhtNm-aµw aµw P\-I-X-\bm hyml-cn-Zn-Zw.(Zi-Ko-h≥-˛-]Øv Igp-Øp-≈≥ (cm-h-W≥) Xc-f-an-gn-˛-C-f-Ip∂ ItÆm-Sp-Iq-

Sn-b-hƒ. \n¿Æo-b-a-\-km-˛-\n-›-bn-°-s∏-´-a-\tkmSpIq-Sn-b-h-fm-bn, Xe-ap-Sn-bpsSA‰w-sIm≠v ]IrXym a[p-c-amb apJ-I-aew ad-®n´v aµw aµw C]-Imcw ]d-™p.

koX-bpsS kzX:kn≤-amb Ipeo-\-X-sbbpw kz`m-h-ip-≤n-sbbpw shfn-®-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ hm°p-I-fmWv Nºp-Im-c≥ 58 apX¬ 62 hsc-bp≈ ivtfmI-ß-fn¬ HuNn-Xy-]q¿∆w \nth-in-∏n®ncn-°p-∂-Xv ).58. “cm£-tk-izc! \n\°p lnXw \o˛

tbm¿° IjvS, anX-Xoh hnti-j-m¬am¿§-ambv Nne ]Xn-h-X-am-tc˛Imev°-en´p ]ne-bm-´pI tbmKyw.”

( A√tbm cm£k cmPmth! \n\°v lnX-am-bXv F¥m-sW∂v \oBtem-Nn-®m-epw. AXoh hnti-j-am¿§-Øn¬ Nne ]Xn-h-X-amsc \ns‚ ImevI-en´v hy`n-N-cn-°p-∂Xv AXy-[nIw IjvS-am-Wv. CXv tbmKy-amtWm?_em¬°m-tcW ]Xn-h-X-Isf ]Sn-®p-sIm≠v h∂v Ahsc Im¬°¬ ]nSn-®p-sI-ńbn´v hy`n-N-cn-°p-∂Xv cm£-k-N-I-h¿Øn-bmb cmh-W\v H´pw tbmPn-®-X-√ F∂p `mhw).59. òam cm£-k-PmXn \o ]p\-c-Xn¬

t]m∂pw ]nd-∂n-ßs\Ima-`m-¥p-]n-Sn®p ap∆p-e-Inepw

KXzm-Ipe kvXoIpewkma¿t∞y\ ]nSn®p ]q≠-Jn-e-am˛

ńs°m≠p t]mcp-∂-Xn≥t]¿ as‰m-∂o-hnSw \in°p a[p-\m˛

\n¿Æo-X-tam¿Øo-sStSm(cm-£-k-Pm-Xn-bn¬ P\n® \o Ima-`m¥p ]nSn®v aq∂p temI-Ønepw

sN∂v Ipe-kvXo-Isf _em¬°m-c-ambn ]nSn-®p-sIm-≠p-t]m-cp-∂-Xns‚ t]cv as‰m-∂m-Wv.-C-hnSw Ct∏mƒ AXp-sIm≠v \in°pw F∂Xv \n›-bw.-AXv \o Hm¿an-°p-I).60. Zp¿hym-]m-c-ßƒ \∂-s√mcp ]pcp-j-s\m-cn-°m-ep-sa-∂-ß-dn™o;

ShymPw \mY-\m-Ip-∂Xp ]nin-X-`p-Pm-an∂p \osb-¶nepw tIƒK¿∆n-®o-SmbvI \mSpw \K-cn-bp-ap-b-sc-°-≠p-c-≠ºp sImt≠k¿∆w `kvao-I-cn-∏m≥ Jc-cn]p s]cn-sI-t∏m-cp-sa-t∂m¿° \q\w.



(Hcp ]pcp-j\v Hcp ImeØpw Zp¿hym-]m-c-ßƒ \∂-√. \o \c-amw-k-t`m-Pn-I-fmb cm£-k-∑m-cpsS NI-h¿Øn-bmsW¶nepw A°mcyw a\- n-em-°-Ww.\o shdpsX Al-¶-cn-°-≠. Cu \mSpw \K-chpw Zqsc \n∂v Db-c-Øn¬ I≠p-sIm≠v c≠v Aºp-sXm-SpØv `kva-am-°p-hm≥ Jc-cn]p [mcmfw aXn-bm-Ipw.

Jc-Zq-jWXnin-cm-°ƒ cmh-Ws‚ ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cmWv. ZWvU-Im-c-Wy-Øn¬]m¿Øn-cp∂ Ah-cp-sS-b-Sp-tØ-bv°mWv \mkn-Im-tO-Z-\m-\-¥cw ]m¿Øn-cp∂ iq¿∏-WJ hne-]n-®p-sIm≠p sN∂-Xv. Ah-scbpw Ah-cpsS ]Xn-\m-em-bncw AwK-kw-Jy-h-cp∂ ssk\y-sØbpw \in-∏n-°p-hm≥ cma\p Ign-™p. Jc-s\-s°m∂ cma\v cmh-W-s\-s°m-√p∂ Imcyw AX ]bm-k-ap-≈-X√ F∂v koX hywKy-ambn kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p).61. \n\°p Pohn-°-bn-ep-s≠m-cmi

a\- n-se-¶n¬ Ign-hp-≠n-Zm\owA\¿∞-an-s√-s∂-sb-Sp-Øp-t\tch\-Øn-em-°n-sØm-gp-cm-a-Nµw

( \n\°p Pohn-°m≥ a\- n¬ BK-l-ap-s≠-¶n¬ AXn\v Ct∏mƒ am¿§-ap-≠v.Fs∂-sb-SpØv h\-Øn-em°n cma-N-µs\ sXmgp-I. \n\°v bmsXm-c-]-S-I-Shpw kw -hn-°p-I-bn-√).62. sNmt√Ww \√-sX-√m-scm-Sp, an\n-hn-c-thm˛

sSs∂bpwsIm≠p sas√˛sN√q h√mbva sNm√q Nc-W-X-fn-c-Sp˛

Ømw ]Imcw hWßqIeym-Wm-hm-k-a-t∏m-fbn aa IanXm

cma-`-tZm-Z-bm¿ssZcpt√m-sse¿Zr-jvSn-]m-ssX, c -b-a-cpfp

ant√-Xpta kwibw ta(hnc-thm-Sv˛ thK-Øn¬. Bw]-Im-cw˛ Bhpw hn[-Øn¬. Ieym-Wm-hm-kw- -aw-

K-f-Øn-\v AXn-hm-k-ÿm-\w. Ian-Xm- - ¿Øm-hv. Zbm¿ssZ- -Z-b-sIm≠v \\-™. Dt√m-sse-˛-C-f-Ip-∂. ZrjvSn-]m-ssX:-˛-t\-´w-sIm-≠v. A`-bw˛ Bi-bw..... \o F√-h-tcmSpw\√-Xp-am-Xta ]d-bm-hq. C\n thK-Øn¬ Fs∂bpw sIm≠v sas√-s®∂v £a-]-d™v At±-l-Øns‚ ]mZ-X-fnc v Bhpw a´v hW-ßp-I. awK-f-Øns‚ \nhm-k-ÿm-\-amb Fs‚ ¿Ømhv cma- -Z≥ Zb-sIm≠v \\-™Xpw Cf-Ip-∂-Xp-amb t\m´w-sIm≠v\n\°v Bibw Xcpw. A°m-cy-Øn¬ H´pw kwi-b-an-√ ).63. C∞w hntZ-l-X-\bm hN-\m-h-kmt\

atØm \nim-N-c-]-Xn¿Ω-[pcw _`mtj:apKvt≤! ]d-™Xp Xptem-a-g-Ip≠p \tΩm˛S¿≤-£Ww Ia\n tIƒ°-h-tNm-a-Zobw(C∞w˛C]-Im-cw. hntZ-l-X-\bm hN-\m-h-km-t\-˛-hn-tZ-l-X-\-b-bpsS hN-\m-

h-km-\-Øn¬. aØ-˛-a-Zn-®-h≥. _`m-tj˛ ]d-™p. apKvt≤-˛-C-hnsS aqtV! F∂vA¿∞w. A¿≤-£-Ww- -A-c-\n-an-jw. htNm-a-Zo-bw- -Fs‚ hm°p-Iƒ.......C]-Im-c-ap≈koX-bpsS hm°p-I-fp-sS- A-h-km-\-Øn¬ aZn® cm£-km-[n-]Xn a[p-c-ambn ]d-™p.aqtV! \o \tΩmSp ]d-™Xv hfsc \∂m-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ia\o! \o Fs‚ hm°p-IƒAc -\n-an-j-tØ°p tIƒ°p-I.... .....XpS¿∂p≈ ]Øp t«mI-ß-fn¬ Xm\pw cma\pwXΩn-ep≈ t`Zw kc-k-ambn cmh-W≥ hnh-cn-°p-∂p).64. cma≥ ]m¿Øm¬ a\p-jy-∏pgp cP-\n-N-cm˛

[oiz-c≥ Rm≥, sImSp-¶m˛Smhmk ÿm\-tam¿Øm-e-h-\,-g-In-b-e˛

¶m]pcn am Zri\mwkmam\yw Xqb ]qº- p-I-fpSp ]pS-h˛



®m¿Ø, h∂-ßp-Sp-∏m≥]m¿ta¬ ]mcp-jy-taepw ac-hp-cn, ZbntX!

Rß-fn¬ ImÏ t`Zw(Btem-Nn-®m¬ cma≥ shdpw a\p-jy-∏p-gp-hmWv. Rmt\m cm£-km-[o-iz-c-\m-

Wv. Ahs‚ hmk-ÿm\w sImSp-¶m-Sm-Wv. Fs∂-t∏m-ep-≈-h-cp-tStbm? at\m-l-c-amb e¶m-\-K-cn-bpw. \√-t]mse shfpØ at\m-l-c-amb hkvX-ß-fmWv F\n-°p-≈-Xv. Ah-\m-sW-¶n¬ ]cp-]-cpØ ac-hp-cnbpw ZbntX! Rßƒ XΩn-ep≈ t`Zw \oImWp-I).65. ssIbp-≠m-enw-K-\-Øn-∂n-cp-]-Xp, hZ-\m˛

Npw_-\-Øn-∂p-tafwsNøpw h‡-ßƒ ]Ø,RvP\-in-J-cn-X-Sm˛

t`mKn tZmc-¥cmfwiømta cmP-lw-k-s®dp NndIp ]Xp˛

∏n´p-]-Ø-º-sX-∂m˛eøm kotX! at\m taml\ X\p-e-XntI

Rß-fn¬ ImÏ-t`-Zw.(ARvP-\-in-J-cn-X-Sm-t`mKn ˛ A⁄\ ]¿∆-X-Ønse Xmgvhc t]mse hnkvXr-

X-am-b-Xv. tZmc-¥-cm-fw- -am-dn-Sw. ]Xp-∏n- - -am¿±-h-ta-dn-b. at\m-tam-l-\-X-\p-e-Xn-I- -a-\- ns\tamln-∏n-°p∂ ico-c-a-Ip∂ eX-tbmSp IqSn-b-hƒ.......Benw-K\w sNøp-∂-Xn\v F\n°vCcp-]Xv ssII-fp-≠v. apJ-Npw-_-\-Øn\p at\m-l-c-amb ]Øp-ap-J-ßfmWp-≈-Xv. A⁄-\-]¿∆-X-Øns‚ Xmgvhmcw t]mse hnkvXr-X-amWv Fs‚ amdn-Sw. cmP-lw-k-Øns‚sNdnb Xqh-ep-Iƒ sIm≠p-≠m-°nb arZp-e-amb ]ØºXp InS-°p-Iƒ F\n-°p-≠v.at\m-tam-l-\-e-XntI! Rßƒ XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw \o ImWp-I).66. ZrKveoemkp kIu-XpIw bZn a\˛

kvXt∑ Zrimw hnwiXn∂n ‘u ]cn-cw- tW cXn-ctlm

tZm¿Ω-WvUeo ZriyXmwt]am-tN¬ ]cn-Npw-_t\ Zi-apJo

sshtZln k÷m-]pc:]ue-kvXyky N cmL-hky Na-lXv

]tiym-]-Nm-cm-¥cw(ZrKveoemkp-˛-I-S-°¨ hnem-k-ß-fn¬, kIu-Xp-Iw- b-Zn-a\: a\- n¬

IuXpIw Ds≠-¶n¬. ta˛-F-\n-°v. hnwi-Xn-Zp-imw-˛-C-cp-]Xp IÆp-Iƒ. \n -‘u-]-cn-cw-`-tW-˛-Km-V-amb Benw-K-\-Øn¬. cXn-˛-Xm-Xv]-cyw. tZm¿Ω-WvU-eo-˛-I-c-k-aq-lw. Zri-Xmw-˛-I-≠m-epw. t]am-tN-Xv- ]c Npw_-t\-˛-Npw-_-\-ØnemWvXmXv]-cy-sa-¶n¬. ]pc: ˛ap-ºn¬. k÷m˛ Xbm-dm-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]ue-kvXy-˛-]u-e-kvXys‚ (]u-e-kvXys‚ hwi-Øn¬ ]nd∂ cmh-W-s‚) al-Xv-˛-h-en-b. D]-Nm-cm-¥-cw-˛-k¬°m-c-hy-Xym-kw. ]iy-˛-I-≠m-epw......: tl sshtZlo! IS-°¨hnem-k-ß-fn-emWv \ns‚ a\- n\v IuXp-I-sa-¶n¬ F\n°v Ccp-]Xp IÆp-I-fp-≠v. KmV-amb Benw-K-\-Øn-\mWv XmXv]-cy-sa-¶n¬ Ic-k-aqlw I≠m-epw.Npw_-\-Øn-emWv \n\°v Xmev]-cy-sa-¶n¬ \ns‚ apºn¬ ]Øp-ap-J-ßƒ Xøm-dm-bn-´p-≠v. cma-s‚bpw cmhW-s‚bpw k¬°m-c-Øn-ep≈ henb hyXymkw \oI≠m-epw.

cXn-eoem hnem-k-ß-fn¬ X\n°v cma-t\-°mƒ anI-hp-s≠∂v Cu t«mI-Øn-eqsS cmh-W≥ Nq≠n°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xv. cma\v c≠p IÆp-I-fp-≈-t∏mƒ cmh-W\v Ccp-]Xv IÆp-I-fp-≠v. Ccp-]Xp IÆp-sIm-≠p≈ ISm-£-hn-t£-]-ßƒc≠p-I-Æp-sIm-≠p-≈-Xn-t\-°mƒ al-Ø-c-am-bn-cn-°p-a-t√m. Benw-K\w sNøm≥cma\v c≠v ssIbp-≈-t∏mƒ cmh-W\v Ccp-]Xv ssII-fp-≠v. Ccp-]Xv ssIsIm-≠p≈ Benw-K\w FX KmV-am-sW∂v ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√-t√m. Npw_-\-Øn-\m-Isćmh-W\v ]Øv apJ-ß-fp-≠v, cma\v Ht∂-bp-≈q. ISm-£w, Benw-K-\w, Npw_\wXpS-ßnb cXn-eo-em-ssh-hn-Zv[y-ß-fn¬ cma-t\-°mƒ Ignhv X\n°v ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ignbpw F∂mWv cmh-W-s‚ -hn-h-£).



67. io ssIemtk kptacu kpc-an-Yp\ at\m˛\µt\ \µ-t\- q˛

temtI ]mXmf temI-ß-fn-ep-Zb KncuNµ-t\m-Zym-\-am¿t§

BImti apKv≤-kn‘u lna-i-J-cn-XtSRm\p-am-bvt°fn sNøm˛

taIm-t¥-l-¥-Imt¥! cLp-X-\b ]nim˛sN∂p an≠m-bvsItSm \o.

( at\m-l-c-amb ssIem-k-]¿∆-X-Ønepw kpta-cp-]¿∆-X-Ønepw tZh-an-Yp-\-ß-fp-sS-a-\- ns\ kt¥m-jn-∏n-°p∂ \µ-t\m-Zym-\-Ønepw, `qtem-I-ß-fnepw, ]mXm-f-tem-I-ß-fnepw DZ-b-]¿∆-X-Ønepw ae-b-]¿∆-X-Ønse Nµ-t\m-Zym-\-Ønepw BIm-i-Ønepw ]mem-gn-bnepw lna-hXv ]¿∆-X-Øns‚ Xmgvhc-I-fnepw \n\°v Ft∂m-sSm∏w GIm-¥-ambn tIfn sNømw. Imt¥! cLp-X-\-b≥ F∂ B ]nim-Nn-s\-°p-dn®v \osbm∂p an≠m-Xn-cn-°v.`qanbpw kz¿§hpw ]mXm-fhpw X\n°v Hcp-t]mse A[o-\-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Ahn-S-ß-fnse GXp hninjvSßfmb ÿe-ß-fnepwkoXsb sIm≠p-t]mbn cXn-kpJw A\p- -hn-∏n°mw F∂mWv cmh-W≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xv).68. \nXyw \nXyw ]`mtX kP-e-P-e-[-c˛

[zm\ Kw`o-c-tamtcm]pØ≥hm-Zn-X-tLmjw cP-\n-N-c-h-[q˛

KoXn-t -Zm\p bmXwat≤y at≤y apgßpw Pb-_n-cp-Z-a-lm˛

iwJ-kw-Lm-X-aµwapKvt≤! ]m¿t°-W-ta-\o -Z-i-ap-J-]-Zho

kuc`w Nmcp-iote!(\nXyw \nXyw ˛ F√m Znh-khpw. Pk-e-P-e-[-c-[zm-\w-˛-Pew \nd™ taL-

Øns‚ i_vZw (C-Sn-\m-Zw) hmZn-X-tLm-jw˛ hmZy-tLmjw. cP-\o-N-c-h-[q-KoXnt`Zm\p-bm-Xw-˛-c-P-\o-N-c-h-[p-°-fpsS KoXn-t`-Z-Øm¬ A\p-bm\w sNø-s∏´Xv.Pb_ncp-Z-a-lm-iw-J-kw-Lm-X-a-µw-˛-P-bsØ D¬tLm-jn-°p∂ iwJ kaq-l-Øns‚ i_vZw. Zk-ap-J-]-Z-ho-ku-c-`w-˛-Z-i-ap-J-]-Z-hn-bpsS kuc-`yw. kuc-`yw˛Io¿Øn.(-A-g-Iv)........ Nmcp-iote! apKvt≤! F√m ]`m-X-Ønepw CSn-\m-Z-sØ-t∏mse Kmw`o-c-am-bXpw cm£-k-h-[p-°-fpS hnhn[ Xc-Øn-ep≈ ]m´p-I-fm¬A\p-bm\w sNø-s∏-´-Xp-am-b-]p-Ø≥ hmZy-ß-fpsS i_vZhpw CS-bv°n-Sbv°v apg-ßp∂ Fs‚ hnP-bsØ DZvtLm-jn-°p∂ iwJ\mZhpw tI´v Zi-ap-Js‚ ]Z-hn-bpsS Io¿Øn \o a\- n-em-°-Ww.

F√m ]`m-X-ß-fn-epw e¶m\K-cn-bn-ep-b-cp∂ hnhn[ Xc-Øn-ep≈ i_vZ-ß-sf-°p-dn-®mWv Cu t«mI-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. cm£-k-kvXo-I-fpsS hnhn[Xc-Øn-ep≈ ]m´p-Ifpw Ah-bpsS ]›m-Ø-e-amb hmZy-tLm-j-ßfpw tIƒ°mw.CSn-ap-g-°-Øn\v kam-\-amWv hmZy-ß-fpsS i_vZw. CS-bv°n-Sbv°v cmh-Ws‚PbsØ D¬tLm-jn-°p∂ iwJp-I-fpsS apg-°-hp-ap-≠v. CsX√mw NI-h¿Øn-sb∂ \ne-bn-ep≈ Xs‚ ]uVnsb hnfn-®-dn-bn°p∂-XmWv F∂-XmWv cmh-Ws‚ ]£w).69. ]Xyqtj aqf-aq-a≥ s]cnb ]cp-h-ta˛

tedn-Zm-Xyq-l-kwLwt_mt[m-∑mZw Nnebv°pw ]e-X-c-sa-cnhm

hmhnSpw tLmc-tLmcwaXzm-_m-em-\p-cpΩpw henb Nne apcw t]¿

]pen-°q-´-aømapKvt≤-No-ho-S-g°pw Zi-c-Y-X-\-b≥

]m`hw \s∂m-tcmt∂m



(]`m-X-Øn¬ aqß- aqfpw. henb apf°q-´-ß-fn¬ Ibdn \Øp-IfpsSkwLw D∑m-ZtØm-Sp -IqSn Nne-bv°pw. Ipdp -°≥ tLmc-tLm-c-ambn \ne-hn -fn -°pw. _me-∑msc hnNm-cn -®n´v henb i‡n-bp≈ ]pen-°q´w Dcp-Ωpw.NohoSp -Iƒ Nne-bv°pw. apKvt≤! Zi-cY X\-bs‚ alXzw Hmtcm∂pw hfsc\∂m-bn -cn -°p∂p!.

ìaXzm-_m-em-\p-cpΩpwî F∂Xv A]-]m-T- -am -Wv. ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ i_vZ-ß-sf-°p-dn®v ]d-bp∂Iq´-Øn¬ Dcp-Ωp∂p F∂p ]Z-Ø\v ]k-‡n-bn -√.Ddp -Ωp-I-bmhpw icn-bmb ]Zw. Ddp -ΩpI F∂-Xn\v aqfp -I, apdp -ap -dp -°pIFs∂m-s°-b¿∞w. ]pen-Iƒ Ah-cpsS Ipń -I-sf-sb-SpØv h’-ey-kq-N-I-ambn apdp -ap -d -°p∂Xm-bn-cn°pw ChnsS Dt±-in -°p-∂-Xv.Ign™ t«mI-Øn¬ e¶m \K-c-Ønse i_vZ-tLm-j-ß-sf-°p-dn -®mWv ]d-™-Xv. AXp-ambn AXp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp -Øp-tºmƒ cma≥ ]`m-X-Øn¬tIƒ°p∂ i_vZ-ß-sf-°p-dn -®mWv ChnsS Bt£-]n®p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. aqß-I-fpsS aqfepw \Øp-I-fpsS Nne°epw, Ipdp-°-∑m-cpsS Hmen-bn-S -epw, Noho-Sp -I-fpsS Agbv°-ep-sam-s°-bm-Wv cm-as‚ ]`m-Xt`cn!. Imń¬ Cu i_vZ-ß-f-√msX as‰m∂pw tIƒ°m≥ km[y-a-√-t√m).

70. apßn-s∏m-ßo-Sp-ssa-cm-hX aZ-a-ent\Znhy-Kw-Km-]-hmtl

`wKym-kotX Ipfn-°m-a-a-c-Xcp Xcpwhmk-ko-am-\\otb

iwJ-[zm-\m-`n-cmaw KK-\-aXn at\m˛lmcn tXhm-c-e-£vao˛

cwKw amWn-Iy-c-Xv\m-]-e-a-b-a-ateama-Io-\mw ]`mhw

(sFcm-h-X- a-Z-a-en-t\˛ sFcm-h-X-Øns‚ aZ-Pew sIm≠v aen-\-amb. Aa-c-X-cp-˛-I-ev]-hr-£w. hmk-ko-am-\-\n-tb˛ am\n-°-s∏-Sp∂ hkvX-ßƒ. tXhm-c-e-£vao-cw-Kw-˛-tX-hm-c-e-£van-bpsS Bhm-k-ÿm-\w(-]qPmÿm\w). amWn-Iy-c-Xvt\m-]-e-a-bw˛ amWn-Iy-°√pw cXv\-ßfpw ]Xn-®-Xv.

......... kotX! apßn-s∏m-ßp∂ sFcm-h-X-Øns‚ aZ-Pew Ie¿∂ KwKm-]-hm-l-Øn¬ \n\°v Ipfn-°mw. DSp-°m-\p≈ tijvT-amb hkvXw Iev]-hr£w Xcpw.iwJ-[zm-\w-sIm≠v at\m-l-chpw amWn-Iy-°-√p-Ifpw cXv\-°-√p-I-fpw ]Xn-®-Xp-amb BIm-i-amWv ]qPm-ÿm-\w. Aate! Fs‚ ]`mhw I≠mepw).

71. Im´m-\-®q¿ Ie¿∂o-Sn\ Iep-j-Pte]ez-te-X¿±-am¿tZ

amń-t∑¬ \n∂p-cp-≠o-Sn\ ITn\ I]m˛emIpte kv\m\-tIfo

hm´w X´msXhkvXw ac-hp-cn, XpWIqfoKWw hn≥]n-im-Nn≥˛

Iq´w tXhm-cn-hrµw Zi-cYX\-b≥]`mhw \s∂m-tcmt∂

(Im´m-\-®q¿-˛-Im-´m-\-bsS Nqcv(-Zp¿K-‘w) Iep-j-P-ew˛ Ie-ßnb sh≈w.]ez-ew-˛-sN-fn-°p-fw. I¿±-am¿tZ-˛-sN-fn-sIm≠p \nd-™. amSv ˛ I∂v. I]m-ew˛Xe-tbm-Sv. IqfoK-Ww-˛-]n-im-Nn≥Iq-´w......... Im´m-\-bpsS Zp¿K‘w Ie¿∂Xpw,sNfn-s]m-ßn-b-Xpw, Ip∂n¬ \n∂pw Dcp≠p hcp∂ Xe-tbm-Sp-Iƒ \nd-™-Xp-amb sNfn-°p-f-Øn-emWv Ipfn. ac-hp-cn-bmWv In´p∂ tijvT-amb hkvXw. Iqfn-I-fmWv XpW. ]nim-Nn≥Iq-´-amWv tXhm-cn-hr-µw. Zi-c-Y-X-\-bs‚ ]`mhwHmtcm∂pw \∂p-X-s∂.

123



Xs∂ hnhmlw Ign-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ koXbv°v sFcm-h-X-Øns‚ aZ-P-ew-sIm≠v kpK-‘-]q-cn-X-amb Znhy-Kw-Km-]-hm-l-Øn¬ Ipfn-°mw. cma-t\m-sSmØp Ign-bp-I-bm-sW¶ntem? Im´m-\-bpsS Nqcp-I-e¿∂Xpw sNfn \nd-™-Xpw -X-e-tbm-Sp -Iƒ Xnßn-°n-S-°p-∂-Xp-amb sNfn-°p-f-Øn-emWv Ipfn-t°-≠-Xv.cmhW\psamØp Ign™m¬ tXhm-c-Øn\v amWn-Iy-c-Xvt\m-]-e-a-b-amb BImiwe`n-°pw. Imń¬ cma-s\mØp Ign-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ koXbv°v Iqfn-Isf amXsaXpW-bmbn In´p-I-bp-≈q. ]nim-N-hr-µ-ßsf thWw Bcm-[n-t°-≠-Xv. Cu coXn-bn¬Xt∂mSp tN¿∂m¬ e`n-°p∂ al-Xz-sØ-°p-dn®v cmh-W≥ ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p).72. D◊m≥ IamwKn s]m∂n≥ Xfn-I-I, fp]-Zw˛

iß-tfm-tcm-∂p-aΩmcayw ]m\w-]-tbm-P-]-XnIr-Xn-h-Zt\

]Øp-ap-∂qdp t`Zws]m∑m-S-Øn\p tate aWn-\n-e-bn-en-cn-

∏m-e-h´w ]nSn-∏m≥s]äm-t\¬°-Æn-am-c-≠-\-h[n kpJ-tam˛

¿ØoSp kotX XZm\ow(kpµco! \n\°v DÆm≥ kz¿Æ-Ø-fn-I-I-fmWv e`n-°p-∂-Xv. Idn-I-tfm-tcm∂pw

B›-cy-Icamw-hn[wat\m-l-c-am-Wv. Xma-cbv°p Xpey-amb hZ-\-tØmSp IqSn-b-htf!]m\o-b-ßƒ ]Øp-ap-∂qdp Xc-Øn¬ e`n-°pw. s]m∑m-S-Øn-\p-ta¬ aWn-\n-e-b-Ø-emWv Ccn-∏v. Be-h- w ]nSn-°m≥ A\-h[n kpµ-cn-am-cp-≠v. kotX! At∏mƒ \n\-°p-≠m-Ip∂ kpJ-sØ-°p-dn®v H∂m-tem-Nn®v t\m°v ).73. IjvSw! Im´m-h-W-°n-∂n-e-bn-e-i-\,-a˛

∏q®-tIm-°m-\n-hs‰˛®pń- -Xy-¥-lrZyw Idn, sNdp-X-I-c˛

®mdp ]m\o-b-kmcw\jvSm-i¶w XcqWmw Ipc-en-ep-S-\n-cn˛

∏ßp-anßpw \cn-®o¿h -Øn¬ ]m™p hobpw Xh kl-N-c˛

t\m¿ØoSp kotX hnti-jw.(Ai-\w˛ `£-Ww. tIm°m≥- -Im- p-]q-®. (Im´pam-°m≥) \jvSm-i-¶w- -B-i-¶-

Iq-Sm-sX. Xcq-Wmw-˛-hr-£-ß-fp-sS. Ipc-en˛ Nph-Sv........ IjvSw! \ns‚ `¿Øm-hn\vIm´m-h-W-°ns‚ Ce-bn-emWv `£-Ww. ]q®, Im´p-]q® F∂nhsb Nps´SpØ-XmWvIdn. XI-c-®m-dmWv ]m\o-bw. Ccn∏v Bi-¶-Iq-SmsX ac-Øns‚ Nph- n-em-Wv. \cn-®o¿h -Øn¬ ]d∂v hoipw. kotX, CsXm-s°-bmWv \ns‚ `¿Øm-hns‚ hnti-j-ßƒF∂p a\- n-em-°n-bm-epw.

cma-cm-h-W-∑m¿°p Xß-fn¬ £-W-]m-\-i-b-\m-Zn-I-fn-ep≈ hyXym-k-am-Wv Cuc≠p t«mI-ß-fn¬ Nq≠n°m-Wn-°p-∂-Xv. kz¿Æ-Ø-fn-I-I-fn¬ hnf-ºp∂ hnin-jvS-amb `£-W-]-Zm¿∞-ß-fmWv cmh-W-\p-≈-sX-¶n¬ Im´m-h-W-°ns‚ Ce-bn¬ ]q®,Im´p-]q® XpS-ßn-b-hsb Nps -SpØ Idn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb `£-W-amWv cma-t‚-Xv. ]Øp-ap-∂qdp Xc-Øn-ep≈ ]m\o-b-ß-ƒ cmh-W-\p- e`n-°psa-¶n¬ XI-c-®m-dmWv cmas‚]m\o-bw. s]m∑mS-Ønse aWn-\n-e-bn-emWv cmh-Ws‚ Ccn-s∏-¶n¬ ac-®p-h- n-emWvcmas‚ Ccn-∏v-. A-\-h[n kpµ-cn-am¿ cmh-Ws\ Be-h- w-sIm≠v hoip-sa-¶n¬ \cn-®o-dm-Wv Xs‚ Nnd-I-Sn-Iƒ sIm≠v cmas\ hoip-∂-Xv. Cßs\ Xßƒ XΩn-ep≈hyXymkw lmkym-fl-I-am-bn -cm-h-W≥ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p.74. Zi-c-Y-X-\-b≥ \n\-°p- t]mcm

Zi-ap-J-s\-∂p-e-In¬ ]kn-≤\o Rm≥Znin Znin hnf-bp∂ Io¿Øn-XpeywIpN-X-S-an-ß-cp-foSp ]p¬Ip-hm≥ ta(Zi-c-Y-\-\-b≥- -cm-a≥. t]mcm ˛ aXn-bm-Ip-I-bn-√. (tbm-Pn-°p-I-bn-√.) Znin Znin

˛ Zn°p-Iƒ tXmdpw. ta -F-\n-°v ).



KZyw 3hc-Kp-W-hXn l¥ \osb¥p I¨sIm≠p t\m°m-Ø-Xtøm sXfn-s™m∂p

t\mt°-W-an-t∏mƒ apX¿∂-sºm-sS≥ NnØamw shä-Xn-Km-h-Xq-sh-Æn-emth! XpSp--sØmcp emh-Wy-am-]m-Z-NqUw Xpfp-ºn-°-fn°pw ]h-fmw-K-tctJ! \nk¿§-]-km-ZsØap∂n´p cmK-]-hm-l-Øn¬ apßp∂ ZrjvSym-apZm t\m°p- \o-sb-s∂-bn-t∏mƒ shfp-s°-®n-cn-s®m∂p an≠m-bvIn-ept≠m Ipfp¿°p-∂n≥ am\kw a∑-Ym¿Øw. aa kzman\o!kn©-ta-s\-©Iw a⁄p-fm-em-]-ap-Zm-arXw sIms≠tSm! hyKn-bm-bvtI-Xta th≠-sX√mw Xcmw Rm≥\n-\-t°-S-e¿s®-©m-cm-X-¶-hm-\n-ßt\ shs¥-cn-™-¥cm l¥-Nm-tI-Wtam tZhn!sshtZln! tIsf-ßs\ Rm≥ s]mdp-∏q-kZm I≠p-I-≠-ßn-cp-∂m¬; I≠n-bpw sIm≠epw ssIsXmgpw I‰-hm¿Iq-¥epw ]©-an-®-µ-t\m-sSmØpXqs\-‰nbpw apKv≤m-apKv≤w apJmw-t`m-Phpw, apJ-sØm-sSm°pw \dpw-]p-©n-cn-s°m-©-\vU-hm-bv]p, XpSp-sØmcp sNt©m-cn-hm-bpw- a-SpØpIpam-em-]-Pm-e-ßfpw, aRvPp-f- q-X-cw-K-ß-fpw, awK-em-tem-I-]m-X-ßfpw, I_q-_nw-_-ßfpw ssIsXmgpw IWvThpwIpw`n-Ip- -ß-fpw- Ip-ºnSpw sIm¶bpw, \¥p-Wn°pw XpWn°pw \Sp°pw hcpw-a-≤yhpwhº-e¿sN©c≥ hsºgpw tX¿ØSw ap≥]p aqfo-Sp-thm-c¬°nSw Xs∂-bpw, sNº-\-bv°pw-I-\-t°-Sp-hmbv°pw XpS¿tØmc-WwX-s∂bpw: \ns∂bpw am¬s]-Sp-s∂-s∂-bpw-Nn-¥-b-∂-¥-cmte \dp-¥m¿Ntcm-∑mZ thtK\ Rms\-Xbpw Jn∂-s\-∂-dn-™nsStSm tIƒ , àn-°p-∂-sX-¥n-\p \o cma-s\-∂p-≈n-se∂pw \n\-®o-sSmem: cm£-km-[o-iz-c-t]-ata \√-sX-∂p-≈n¬ sas√-∂p-d-®o-sS-gpw, \n¬°: \mwt]mI KwKm-X-cwtK Ipfn-°m-S-\-s√m-Sp-Øo-Sp-tX-°w-K-cmKw Ie-º-∑Ww sIm≠ew s]∏p-eºpwIpdn-s∏-Íw \o Xpd-∂o´p tZth-µ-ZØw at\m-lmcn N∆m-sX-Sp-sØm∂p sas√apI¿∂n´p _mem¿°-k-¶m-i-am-I-ev]-Pm-ew- hn-ti-jm-e-Wn-™oSp aWvtUmUZo `qj-W-s∏ń s]s -s∂-Sp-Øm-ep-sa≥t]m-‰n-t\m-°o´p aµ-kvanXw sN‰p ImWs´ temI-X-b-Øn-s∂m-cm-[n-tbm-Iy-atX \n\-°n-s∂tSm h∂-sX-ßdn-™mepao,-I-jvS-anjvSw \n\-t°-Xplm! tZho thWp-∂-sX-∂m¬ Ig¬∏-√hw ssIsXmgmw Xw]n-cmó: Ipfp¿s°-®n-cn-s®m∂p t\m°o-Sp, t]m¿sIm¶ sXm´meptam ImWp-I-√m-bvIn-eo-cm-£-k-s∏m≥In-Sm-hm-ip-Im-am-·n\m shs¥-cnt™ acn°pw ZrVw. t]m‰n sshtZln! tIƒam-c- q-]m-e-ho-c-∂p-Xm-t\-\-S°pw c£-km-[o-iz-c≥ Xm\p-ap-t≈m-cp-t`Zw [cn-®o-etbm? ]ns∂bpw tI´p-sIm-≠m-ep-tam-tcm-X-cw- hocyanss°-Ibokq\pXm≥ Imń-e-Ωm-dp-]p-°p-S≥ ]√p-ap-∏-Øn-c≠pw Nhn- n-s°m-gn-∏m≥ XpS-ßp-∂-t\cw b-s∏- p-X¬Im¬°¬ ]nSn-®-s®-cn∏pw sImSp-Ø-ß-b-®q- -Xpw\o [cn-®o-etbm? ]ns∂ as‰m∂p sNm√mw hnt\m-Zm-¥cw: amaIo tkmZcos]mbvs°m-Sp-¶m- n-e-Ωmdp sN√p∂ t\cw I\n-jvT≥ X\n-s°, s∂\n-°p- tN- ≥ \dp-¥m¿ Nc-`m¥n ]q≠n-ßs\ XΩn-te‰w ]nW-ßp∂ t\cw I\n-jvT≥ XZmsIm-¶-bp‹w apdn-®-ßp-X≥ ]°-e-Ωmdp kwKr-ly-ta-‰-S-sa-t∏-cpta tPyjvT-\mbv sIm≠p-XZzmkpJn-∏n-®Xpw \o [cn-®o-etbm! t]mcp-an-Xym-Zn¿Ω¬ ]`m-h-ßƒ Rmt\ ]d-™m-em-XmIm [cn°mw \n\°pw £Wm-en-∂p-sa≥ Xw]n-cmń.

(hc-Kp-W-h-Xn -ti-jvT-amb KpW-ap-≈-hƒ. shä-Xn-Km-hw- -N-µ-Im-¥-°-√v. (Nn-Øamw shä-Xn-Km-h-Xq-sh-Æ-emth F∂v koXsb A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp-∂p.\nem-hn¬ Nµ-Im¥w Aen-bp-a-t√m. AXp-t]mse Xs‚ lrZ-bhpw koX-bpsS apºn¬Aen-bp∂p F∂mWv cmh-W≥ [z\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.) ]hm-fmw-K-tc-J- -X-fn-cp-t]m-se-bp≈ico-c-ap-≈-hƒ. \n ¿§-]-km-Zw-˛-ss\-k¿§n-I-amb kt¥m-jw. a∑-Ym¿∞w˛ImaZp:JtØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xv. kn©˛ \\-®m-epw. aRvPp-fm-em-]-ap-Zm-ar-Xw- -a-t\m-l-c-ambkw`m-j-W-amb Aar-Xv. hyKn-bm-bvI-˛-Zp:-Jn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I. GS-e¿sN-©-cm-X-¶-hm≥-˛-G-S-e¿ sN©-c-s\-s°m≠v BX-¶-hm≥.(-Im-a-tZ-h-s\-s°m≠v Zp:Jn-®-h≥) I≠n-˛-]m-b¬. aSp-Øq-Iw-˛-tX≥ sNmcn-bp∂. Bem-]-Pm-ew-˛-kw-`m-j-Ww. `qX-cw-Kw-˛-]p-cn-I-s°m-Sn. Iw_p-_nw-_w- -iw-Jv. \¥p-Wn, XpSn˛ c≠pw hmZy-hn-ti-j-ßƒ. A¬°oSw˛ \nXw-_w. Nn¥-b-˛-Nn-¥n-®m-epw. A¥-cm-tf-˛-C-S-bv°n-S-bv°v. \dpw-N-tcm-∑m-Z-th-tK-\- -Im-a-th-Z-bpsS B[nIyw \nan-Øw. _mem¿°-k-¶m-iw- -_m-e-kq-cy\p Xpeyw. BI-



ev]-Pm-ew˛ B`-c-W-°q-´w. amc-`q-]m-e-ho-c-\p˛Ima-tZ-h-\m-Ip∂ cmPm-hn-\v. Xmt\-\-S-°w-˛-X-\nsb \S-°p∂ (k-©-cn-°p-∂) PK-ssP-X-s]m-∂n≥]-Xm-Im-b-am-t\-˛-tem-I-sØ-ap-gp-h≥ Pbn®p Iog-S-°nb ]Xm-I-bm-bn- p-≈-h-tf. apg-ßm¬Nn-c- - -Im¬ap- nseNnc- . Du\w-˛-Ip-d-hv. (A-]-I-Sw) hnt\m-Zm-¥-cw-˛-a-s‰mcp hnt\m-Zw. kwKr-ly-˛-kq-£n-®p-sh-®n- v. Ft∏-cp-ta- -ap-gp-h≥. ZXzm- -sIm-Sp-Øn- v. (Cu KZy-Øns‚ Ah-km\ mKØv,iq¿∏-W-J-bpsS Imcyw ]d-bp-∂n-SØv lmkyw A«o-e-X-bn-tebv°v hgpXn hogp-∂p).75. C∞w \nim-N-c-]-tX¿∆-N-\w-\n-iay

Ip≤m-hn-tZ-l-X-\bm hnZbw _`mtjì\‡-©-cm-[n]! êw Inap-hmIv ]]ss©scØpw \n\°nXp-\n-an-Ø-a-\¿∞-Pmewì.(C∞w˛ C]-Im-c-ap≈, \nim-N-c-]tX:˛ \nim-N-c-]-Xn-bpsS (cm-£-k-cm-Pm-hn-

s‚) hN-\w-˛-hm-°v. \ni-ay-˛-tI-ń-´v. hnZ-bw-˛-Z-b-hn-√m-sX. _`m-tj-˛-]-d-™p. hmIv]-]-ss©-˛-hm-Iv]-]-©-ß-sf-s°m-≠v. êw-In-ap-˛êw F¥m-Wv. A\¿∞-Pm-ew-˛-B-]-Øp-I-fpsS Iq´w......C]-Im-c-ap≈ cm£-k-cm-Pm-hns‚ hm°p-Iƒ tIń´v tIm]n-jvT-bmb hntZl cmP-]pXn bmsXmcp Zb-bp-an-√msX Cßs\ ]d-™p. ìcm£-k-cm-Pmth! \ns‚ hmIv]-]-©w-sIm≠v F¥mWv êw? CXp \nanØw \n\°v A\¿∞-Pmew D≠m-hpw).76. Hm¿t°Ww \o \tS Ipe-Xn-e-I-abow

XmSImw ]ns∂bp-s≠m˛t∂m¿t°-≠q XØ-\qPu ap\n-a-Ja-Y\u

Xw hncm[w I_‘wB°w tImepw Jcw, Zqj-W, anX-sam-Sp˛

amco-N-sa-∂m-en-Zm\ow\o°w sN‰n√ t\tc Zi-c-Y-kp-X-t\m˛

Smsc-Xn¿°p-∂-tXm¿Øm¬(\tS-˛-B-Zy-am-bn-´v. Ipe-Xn-e-I-a-bo-˛-Ip-e-Øn\v s]m´m-bn-´p-≈-hƒ. XmS-Imw˛

XmS-I-sb. XØ-\q-Pu-˛-A-h-cpsS ]pX-∑m-sc. ap\n-a-J-a-Y-\u-˛-ap-\n-bpsS bmKwaY\w sNbvX-h-cmb (\-in-∏n-®-b-cm-b). Xwhn-cm[w I_-‘w˛ B hnc-[-s\bpwI_-‘-s\-bpw. B°w-tIm-epw-˛-i-‡-cm-b. CX-sam-Sp-˛-ln-X-sam-Sv. \o°w-sN-‰n-√-˛-am‰w H´p-an-√.....BZy-ambn \o \ns‚ Ipe-Øn-\p-t]m-´m-bn-cn-°p∂ XmS-Isb Hm¿°-Ww. ]n∂oSv ap\n-bpsS bmKw apS-°nb Ah-fpsS ]pX-∑m-sc-bmWv Hm¿t°-≠-Xv.]ns∂ B hncm-[-s\bpw I_-‘-s\bpw i‡-∑m-cmb Jc≥, Zqj-W≥, amco-N≥F∂n-h-scbpw \√-hÆw Hm¿°-Ww. Ct∏mƒ bmsXmcp am‰-hp-an-√. B¿°mWvFXn¿°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv.?

ChnsS ]d-bp∂ F√m cm£-k-scbpw cma≥ h[n-®-Xm-Wv. Ah-cpsS KXn-Xs∂cmh-W\pw hcpw F∂v koX kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p).77. Ccp]Xp -sN-hn-sIm≠pw aYy-am-\m¿Æ-htØm˛

Spc-s]m-cp-samcp tLmjw tIƒ°p-am-dp-≠-i¶wXnd-hnb cLp-\m-Y-Pym-\n-\mZw XZm-\o˛adnhp apg-h-\p≠mw \√Xpw Xob-XpwtX

(aYym-am-\m¿Æ-hw˛ aY\w sNø-s∏´ kap-Zw. Dc-s]m-cpw-˛-bp≤w sNøp-∂.Xnd-hn-b-˛-i-‡-am-b. Pym\n-\m-Zw-˛-Rm-Wns‚ i_vZw. \√-Xpw-Xo-b-Xpw-˛-\-√Xpw NoØ-bpw..........aZ\w sNø-s∏´ kap-Z-tØmSp s]mcp-Xp∂ cmas‚ i‡-amb RmWns‚i_vZw Ccp-]Xp sNhnsIm≠pw \o tIƒ°p-I. At∏mƒ \n\°p \√Xpw NoØbpwF¥m-sW∂v \√ Adn-hp-≠m-Ipw).



78. koX -sNm-∂Xp \nim-N-c-\m-Y≥tNXkmkI-e-tam¿Ø-Xn- tIm-]m¬]mX-cm-ian-h-fmip \ap-s°˛∂mZtZ kp\n-inXw Ic-hmfw(tNX-km-˛-a-\- p-sIm-≠v. ]mX-cm-iw-˛-]-`m-X-`-£-Ww. BZ-tZ-˛-F-Sp-Øp. Ic-

hm-fw-˛-ssI-hmƒ. kp\n-›n-Xw-˛-aq¿®-tb-dn-b........cm£-km-[n-]Xn, koX sNm∂-Xp-ap-gph≥ a\- n-tem¿Øn´v AXy[nIw tIm]-tØmsS \mfsØ ]`m-X-Ønse`£Ww \ap°v Ch-fmWv F∂v Xocp-am-\n-®n´v aq¿®-tb-dnb ssIhmƒ ssIbn-se-Sp-Øp.79. Np‰-gn-®oSpw \ncm-tkm-Nn-X-a-g-In-Xp-\n˛

∂pZyaw Rm≥ s]mdp-t∏≥]pjvS-]oXym Ipe-kvXo-P-\-ap-e-In-en-cp˛

∂oSp-am-dq¿≤-io¿jwsh´tX ame-sb-°m-fbn aa kpJ-an˛

t∂Xp-ant√ hnjmZwZpjvSm-fl≥ \o apSn-™mbv \nb-X, anXn

hhtµ [nbm cma-Nµw(N´-‰˛ Ip‰-a-‰(]q¿Æ-am-b) \ncm-tkm-Nn-Xw˛ \ncm-k-Øn-\p-tbm-Pn-®-Xv. Ag-

InXp \√-Xm-Wv. ]pjvS-]o-Xym-˛-h¿≤n-®-k-t¥m-j-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn. Du¿≤-io¿jw˛Xe-bp-b¿Øn-∏n-Sn-®v. aa-˛-F-\n-°v. apSn-™m-bv-˛-\-in-®p-t]m-Ipw. \nb-Xw-˛-\n-›-bw. [nbm-˛-a-\- p-sIm-≠v. hh-tµ-˛-h-µn-®p............ Ip‰-a‰ Fs‚- \n-cm-k-Øn\v CXp XnI®pw \√Xpw tbmPn-®-Xp-am-Wv. (cmhW≥sIm√m≥ th≠n hmsf-SpØXv). IpekvXo P\-ßƒ Cu temI-Øn¬ Xe-bp-b¿Øn-∏n-Sn®v Ccn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n \ns‚ DZyaw Rm≥ kln-°pw. \ns‚ ame-tb-°mƒ sh´mWv F\n°v IqSp-X¬ kpJw Xcp-∂-Xv. F\n°v H´pw-Xs∂ Zp:Jan-√. ZpjvSm-flmth \o \in-°p-I-Xs∂ sNøpw. AXv \n›-b-am-Wv. Cßs\ hnNm-cn-®p-sIm≠v Ahƒ cma-N-µs\ a\- p-sIm≠v hµn-®p.

Xs∂ sIm√p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n cmh-W≥ hmsf-Sp-ØXv Xs‚ \oc-k-Øn\v XnI®pwtbmPn-®-XmWv F∂v koX Icp-Xp-∂p. Xs‚ ac-W-tØm-Sp-IqSn Ipe-kvXo-bpsSam\w kwc-£n®p F∂v Ah¿°v A`n-am-\n-°mw. cmh-Ws‚ ame-tb-°mƒ Ahƒ°vkt¥mjw sImSp-°p-∂Xv sh´m-Wv. cmh-Ws‚ CwKn-X-Øn\p hgßn Pohn-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ A`n-Imayw ac-W-am-Wv F∂v koX Icp-Xp-∂p).80. Dc-s]-cp-In\ ]w‡n-Koh hm¿Øm-hn-tijw

Icp-W-X-c-sam-tct∂ I≠p-sIm-≠m-±-imbmwac-a-cn-In¬ ad™pw \n∂ aWvtUm-Zcn kmhncshmSp ]nSn-s]-´m-fp-ZyXw Nµ-lmkw.(Dc-s]-cp-In-\˛ Io¿Øn-tI-´. ]w‡n-Ko-h-hm¿Øm-hn-ti-jw-˛-cm-h-Ws‚

hm¿Øm-hn-ti-j-ßƒ. Icp-W-X-cw-˛Zp:JtØm-sS. Zim-bmw-˛-A-h-k-c-Øn¬. kmaWvtUm-Z-cn˛ B aWvtUm-Z-cn. DZy-Xw-˛-D-b¿Ønb Nµ-lm-kw-˛-N-µ-lmkwF∂p t]cp≈ ]kn-≤-amb hmƒ. ]nSn-s]-´mƒ˛ ]nSn-s®-Sp-Øp.,......B Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Io¿Øn-tI´ cmh-Ws‚ hm¿Øm-hn-ti-j-ßƒ Hmtcm∂pw Zp:JtØmsSac-Øn\p ad-™p\n∂p tI´ B aWvtUm-Zcn thK-Øn¬ B Db¿Ønb Nµ-lmkw ]nSn-s®-Sp-Øp).81. Ft∂! s]mÆm! ]ncm¥m s]mWp-s]msW

shdptX No\n-t]m-te-X-Sn-®n˛°\y-Im-cXv\w sImXn-®n-´p-S-\p-bn¿ Ifbpw

amdp-X-t∂-Xp-\n-™mbvF∂-ßm-`m-jy-ta-t∑-en-cp-]Xp Ihn-fØpw

Ipa-®m-h-sX-√m˛



at∂cw sIm≠p-t]m-bmƒ aWn-b-d-bn¬ shfn-®Øp \n∂m-Ip-emwKo

(s]mWp-s]m-sW- -i-‡n-bn-√m-sX(-amw-k-f-am-bn). No\n- -Dƒ°´n Ipd-™Xpw D]-tbm-K-iq-\y-hp-amb Hcp acw. B`m-jy-˛-]-d-™n-´v. Ipa-®v-˛-A-Sn®v............ ìNo\n-t]mseshdpsX s]mWp-s]msW XSn® s]mÆm! ]ncm¥m! Cu I\y-m-c-Xv\sØ sImXn®vPoh≥ If-bp-∂-Xn-\p-X-s∂-bmtWm \o Xp\n-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.î F∂p ]d-™n´v Ccp-]-Xp-I-hn-fØpw Bhp-∂-Xp-t]mse ASn-®n´v shfn-®Øp \n∂v AWn-b-d-bn-te°vZp:JnX-bmb aWvtUm-Zcn cmh-Ws\ sIm≠p-t]m-bn).

ss\j[w Nºp (a-[y-Ime Nºp)\f-N-cnXw hnj-bam°n Fgp-Xnb ss\j[w Nºp ag-aw-K-eØp \mcm-b-W≥

\ºq-Xn-cn-bp-tS-Xm-Wv.-Xr-iq¿ Pn√-bnse ag-aw-K-e-Øn-√sØ i¶-c≥ \ºq-Xn-cn-bpsS]pX--\mWv At±-lw. ag-aw-Kew `mWhpw Ct±-l-Øn-t‚-Xm-sW∂p Icp-Xp-∂p.-Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ ImWp∂ he-bm-[o-izcn kvac-W-Øn¬ \n∂pw Duc-I-Ø-Ω-bmWv Ihn-bpsSD]m-ky-tZ-h-X-sb∂p a\- n-em-°mw. sIm√-h¿jw F´mw \q‰m-≠mWv (16 ˛mw iX-Iw) Imew.

alm- m-cXw h\-]¿∆-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n® \f-I-Y-bmWv `mjm-ss\-j[w Nºp-hns‚ apJym-h-ew-_w.-]-kvXpX IrXn ]q¿∆- mKw DØ-c- mKw F∂n-ßs\ c≠mbnXncn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.159 ]Zy-ßfpw 3 KZy-ßfpw 3 ZWvU-I-ßfpw ]q¿∆- m-KØp ImWp-∂p.-Z-a-b-¥o-kz-bw-hcw hsc-bp≈ IY-bmWv h¿Wyw.134 ]Zy-ßfpw 10 KZy-ßfpwHcp ZWvU-Ihpw ASßp-∂-XmWv DØ-c- m-Kw.-\m-bn-Im-\m-b-I-∑m-cpsS th¿]mSpw ]p\-k-am-KahpamWv DØ-c- m-KsØ ]Xn-]m-Zyw.

hni-Z-]-T\w:ss\j[w Nºp (a-[y-Ime Nºp)˛ ]q¿∆- mKw BZy 10 t«mIw

BZysØ c≠v t«mIw awK-fm-N-c-W-am-Wv.-aq∂mw t«mIw apX¬ IY XpS-ßp-∂p.\nj-[-cm-Pm-hmb \f\v hnZ¿ -cm-P-]p-Xn-bmb Za-b¥nsb hnhmlw Ign®v hkn-°p-tºm-gp-≠m-Ip∂ B\µw hnZym-km-c-ky-cm-in-bmb kJmhn-s\ I≠-t∏mƒ k -bn¬ IY ]d-bm-s\-Ønb Bƒ°v D≠mbn F∂p-]-d™mWv IY XpS-ßp-∂Xv.t«mIw 1CjvS-tZ-h-Xm-h-µ-\-tØmsS Imhyw Bcw- n-°p-∂p.Bibw:Aº-sØm-∂-£-c-am-Ip∂ ico-c-h-√n-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-hfpw thZ-amIp∂ hr£-Øns‚ sImºsØ ]q°-fnse tX≥ Ipg-ºm-bn-´p-≈-hfpw Ima-tZ-hs‚ Al-¶m-csØ AS-°nb inhs‚ ku`m-Ky-km-c-am-bn- p-≈-hfpw hniz-\m-Ybpw Duc-I-Ø-Ω-bp-amb A√tbm tZho \ns‚ ]mZ-ßsf Rm≥ \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂p.

t«mIw 2Bibw:]m¬°-S-ens‚ \Sp-hn¬ Nµ-t\-t∏mse shfpØ A\-¥-i-co-c-Øn¬ InS-°p-∂-h\pw Imbm-ºp-hns‚ tim`-tbmSp a’-cn-°p∂ Im¥n-]-hm-l-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw ]Xn-Zn\w \nd™p Xpfp-ºp∂ Ir]m-Xn-tc-I-Øm¬ B¿Z-amb ISm-£-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\p-amb alm-hnjvWp tN¿∂n-cn-°p∂ e£vao-tZ-hn-bpsS Ipfn¿ap-e-Isf\o `Pn-®m-epw.

t«mIw 3Bibw:hnZym-k-Xck-Xbv°v Ccn-∏nS-ambnØo¿∂ A√tbm kplrtØ ,a-\- n-\n-W-ßn-b-hfpw kpµ-cn-bp-amb Za-b-¥nsb ]mWn-K-lWw sNbvXn v AXy-[nIw kt¥m,-tØmsS hkn-°p-tºmƒ \f-\p-≠mb B\µw t]mse ]pXn-sbmcp B\-µm-ar-X-]-hmlw Aßsb k -bn¬ I≠-t∏mƒ Fs‚ a\- nepw D≠m-bn.



t«mIw 4e£vao-tZ-hn-bpsS IS-°äp-\-I-fm-Ip∂ Icn-¶q-h-f-∏q-°-fpsS at\m-l-c-amb ame-bm¬ tim`n-°p∂ ico-c-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw kpµ-cn-am-cpsS a\- ns\ Zp:Jn∏n-°p\tXP-t m-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h\pw h¿≤n®p hcp∂ KpW-ß-fm¬ al-Øz-am¿∂-h\pw `qan-tZhnIgp-Øn-e-Wn-bp∂ cXv\-am-bn- pf-f-h\pw \nj-[m-[n-]\pw alm-flmhpw \f \ma-[m-cn-bp-amb Hcp cmPmhv ]≠p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-tX.t«mIw 5Bibw:Zp:JnXcpw Bin-X-cp-amb P\-ß-fpsS AòjvS-ßƒ km[n-®p-sIm-SpØpwAl-¶m-cn-I-fmb iXp- -S-∑msc bp≤-Øn¬ \in-∏n®pw ]Xn-∂mep temIhpw Io¿Øn-sIm≠p shfp-∏n®pw ]W-bn-\n-bmb `qansb H‰-°p-S-°o-gn-em-°nbpw _pZv[n-am-\mbCu cmPmhv (\-f≥) \nXyhpw kwc-£n-®p.t«mIw 6Bibw:C]-Imcw \f-a-lm-cm-Pmhv ZnIvN-I-hm-f-Øn¬ Io¿Øn-]- m-h-tØmsS kz¥wcmP-[m-\n-bn¬ hkn-°p∂ ImeØv, AXy-[nIw ]pWy-im-enbpw Iøq-°p-sIm≠v `qa-WvU-esØ Pbn-®-h\pw _p≤n-am\pw oa≥ F∂ t]tcm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-\p-amb Hcp cmPmhvat\m-l-c-amb hoZ¿ -cm-PyØv tim`n-®p.t«mIw 7Bibw:DK-tX-P- p≈ oa-a-lm-cm-Pmhv Bin-X-∑m-cpsS BK-lsØ Znh-kw-tXmdpw\nd-th-‰nbpw hoc-∑m-cmb iXp-°sf kz¥w Bbp-[-ßƒ°v Cc-bm-°nbpw Io¿Øn-bm-Ip∂ e£vao-tZ-hnsb Bt«jn®pw A\p-cm-K-h-Xnbpw DZm-c-bp-amb `mcy-tbmSptN¿∂pw IpWvUn\w F∂ \K-c-Øn¬ kpJn®p hmWp.t«mIw 8Bibw:k]vX kap-Z-Øm¬ Np‰-s∏´ `qansb apgp-h≥ kwc-£n-°p-∂-h\pw NI-h¿Øn-Xz-am-Ip∂ sFiz-cysØ \nc-¥cw \nd-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-h\pw cmP-ti-jvS-\p-amb òa-a-lm-cm-Pmhv A\-]-Xy-XmZp:Jw aqew hnj-an-®p.-cm-Pm-hn\p a°-fn-√msXt]mbXv B›-cy-P-\-Ihpw A\p-I-ºm¿Z-hp-am-sW∂v hy‡-am-°p-∂p.t«mIw 9Bibw:A\-¥cw k¥m-\-an-√m-Ø-h\pw ]pX-\p-≠m-I-W-sa∂v BK-ln-®-h-\p-ambòa-cm-Pmhv Za-\-a-l¿jnsb ]qPn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.-a-l¿jn-bpsS henb Imcp-Wy-Øm¬temI-kp-µ-cn-am¿°v Ae-¶m-c-am-bn-Øo¿∂ Za-b¥n F∂ ]pXnbpw Za≥,Zm-¥≥,Za\≥ F∂o ]pX-∑m-cpw òa\v D≠m-bn.t«mIw 10Bibw:AIm-c-W-ambn s]mń-∏p-d-s∏-Sp∂ sNdp-]p-©n-cn-bpsS am[p-cyw-sIm≠v at\m-l-c-ß-fmb k¥m-\-lvM-epsS apJ-ßsf F∂pw I≠n v, Cµ-Xp-ey\pw ]m]-c-ln-X-\p-amb oacm-Pmhv l¿jw F∂p t]cp-≈Xpw adp-I-c-bn-√m-Ø-Xp-amb kap-Z-Øn¬ apgpInZnh-k-ßƒ B\-µ-I-c-ambn Ign-®p-Iq- n.

Ntµm-’hwF.-Un.1500 \SpØv Fgp-X-s∏´ at\m-l-c-amb aWn-]-hm-f-Im-hy-amWv Ntµm-’-

hw. \ºq-Xncn P∑n-am-cpsS t`mK-em-e-k-Xbpw A\n-b-¥n-X-amb Pohn-X-co-Xn-bp-amWvCu IrXn-bn¬ \ng-en-°p-∂-Xv. CXns‚ I¿Ømhv AXn-k-c-k-\mb Hcp \ºq-XncnBbn-cn-°m-sa-∂mWv A`yq-lw.-N-tµm-’-h-Ønse irwKm-c-]-Xn-]m-Z\w AXn-cp-I-S∂pt]mbn- p-s≠-∂-Xn¬ X¿°-an-√.-bq\mw hntem-N-\-]pSw h]pjm aZn-®m-tam-Zn- ∏n-°m≥Ign-hp-s≈mcp aIƒ ]nd-∂m¬ hm’ym-b\w apgp-h≥ \nXyhpw Ah-sf-s°m≠v BSn-®p-sIm-≈m-sa∂v `t‡m-Øw-k-bmb amXmhp t\cp-∂Xpw a‰p-amWv Imhy-Øns‚XpS-°-Øn-ep≈Xv. Aßs\ P\n-°p∂ aI-fmWv Ntµm-’-h-\m-bn-I-bmb taZn-\o-sh-Æn-em-hv.hfsc DZm-c-io-e-bmbn B kpµcn hf¿∂p. buh-t\m-Z-b-am-b-tXmsSIman-I-fmb cmPm-°-∑mcpw _m“-Wcpw a‰pw Ah-fpsS hoń¬ ]mSp-In-S-°m≥ XpS-ßn. B thiym-cXv\w BIpw-t]mse F√m-h-tcbpw ]oWn-∏n-®p.



Nn‰n-e-∏-≈n-bn-ep≈ Cu tZh-Zmkn Ntµm-’hw BtLm-jn-°p-∂-XmWv Imhy-Ønse apJy-]-Xn-]m-Zyw.-I-WvT≥ tImX-sb∂ cmPm-hm-bn-cp∂p AXns‚ apJy c£m-[n-Im-cn. ]kn-≤-th-iy-I-sf√mw alm-I-hn-Isf Np‰pw-\n¿Øn Ah-sc-s°m≠p Pb-hn-cpXp hnfn-∏n®pw sIm≠v hne-s∏´ ImgvN-h-kvXp-°-fp-ambn Ntµm-’-h-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ FØn-t®¿∂p.

P∑n-Xz-Øns‚ B[n-]Xyw aqew tIc-f-k-aqlw km∑m¿§n-I-ambn Atß-b‰wA[-∏-Xn-®n-cp∂ Hcp Ime-L- sØ ]Xn- -en-∏n-°p∂ IrXn-bm-Wn-Xv. ]p\w,-i-¶-c≥,cmL-h≥ XpS-ßnb ]WvUn-X-I-hn-Ifpw a‰pw thiym-Kr-l-ß-fn¬Øs∂ Ign-®p-Iq- n-bn-cp-∂p.13 mw iXIw apX¬ thiym-]m-]vXnsb tam£-tl-Xp-I-am-bn-t∏mepw KWn-°m≥ XpS-ßn.

hni-Z-]-T\w:Ntµm-’hw 5˛mw `mKw BZy 15 t«mIw1 AYh-e-a-Y-\m-im-am-dn-em-Ωm-dp-sa-s√˛

∂cp-W-In-c-W-sa∂pw Ip¶pawsIm≠-W-n™mƒXcp-Wn-a-Wn,- X-Zm\nw ]q¿ÆNtµm-’-hm¿∞-˛s¥fnshmSp apf-bn´q taZ-\o-N-µn-Imbm:

BIm-i-Nm-cn-bmb Hcp K‘¿∆≥ qan-bn¬ \S-°p∂ Ntµm-’-hm-tLmjwI≠n´v aS-ßn-sbØn Xs‚ ]nb-X-asb h¿Wn-®p-tIƒ∏n-°p∂ a´n-emWv Imhy-Øns‚ cN-\. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Xcp-Wo-aWn F∂v kwt_m-[\ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

]q¿∆-Zn°v amdn-emsI kqcy-In-c-W-ß-fm-Ip∂ Ip¶paw hmcn-∏q-in-b -t\-cØv taZn-\o-N-µn-I-bpsS Ntµm-’-hm-tLm-j-Øn\v apf-bn-S¬ F∂ NS-tßmsSXpS°w Ipdn-®p. kqcy-In-c-W-ßsf knµq-c-ambn cq]Ww sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. DZ-b-kq-cys‚ ]Imiw Ing-°p-Zn-°n¬ hym]n-®n-cn-°p-\-∂-Xns\ ]q¿∆-Zn-°m-Ip∂kpµcn amdn-S-Øn¬ Ip¶p-a-te]w AWn-™-Xmbn D¬t]-£n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.taZ-\o-N-µn-Imbm: F∂n-ßs\ kwkvIr-X-i-_vZ-ßƒ hn`-‡y-¥-ß-fm-bn-Øs∂]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.2 Znin-Znin ]\-t]mse _me-\o-e-°-cn-ºn≥

sImSn-Xv[-SnXn \nh¿∂q hmZy-tLm-j-¶-e¿∂qsXfn-hn-s\mSp hnf-ßo-Sp∂ sh≈n-s°m-Sn-°q˛

- dIfac-h-[q-\m-sΩ-bvX-tem-Sn-Øp-Sßo]\-t]mse hf¿∂ \oe-°-cn-ºp-Iƒ sImSn-°p-d-Iƒ hnS¿Øn-s°m≠p

Zn°pIfn-seßpw hnS¿∂p \n∂p.-hm-Zy-tLm-j-ßƒ Fßpw tIƒ°m-bn. Xnf-°-ap≈ shfpØ sImSn°qd-Iƒ Aw_-c-hm-kn-I-fmb tZh-kvXo-I-fpsS DS¬ Xgp-Ip-amdv Db¿∂p ]d-∂p.3 Ah-c-h-c-\p-th-e-s©∂p Ntµm-’-h-ss°˛

\ne-I-fn-en-f-sIm≠p I≠p-sImƒhm-\-tijwapgp-a-Xn-ap-Jn, aΩm! taZn-\o-sh-Æn-emhpw]I-en-chp sImSp-Ømƒ th≠p-a¿∞w P\m\mw

Ntµm-’-h-Øn-\p-th≠n ]pXp-Xmbn \n¿an® ssI\n-e-I-fn¬ Ccp-h-ihpwXnßn-\nd™p k©-cn® ImgvN-°m¿ D’hw ImWm-\mbn Ccp∂p hni-an-®p.taZn-\o-sh-Æn-em-h-Is´ P\-ßƒ°p th≠p∂ A¿∞-ß-sf√mw \n¿t√m-]-ambncm]-I¬ sImSp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.4 kc-kn-P-apJn! Np‰pw Ip‰n \m´n-Øp-Sßo

sNdp-]nc ]Wn-sNbv hm≥ Zqc-tXm-`ym-K-am\mwhn_p-[-]pc ]pc-‘o-`q-j-Wm-`m-]n-iw-Ko˛IrX-a-`-h-Z-tijw hmbp-am¿§w XZm\ow



A√tbm kpµ-co, Zqsc-\n∂v FØn-b-h¿°v sNdnb hoSp-Iƒ ]Wn-bp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n Imep-Iƒ \m´n-Øp-Sßn.A-t∏m-tg°v BIm-i-ho-Yn-ap-gp-h≥ kz¿§-temI-kp-µ-cn-am-cpsS B -c-W-ß-fpsS tim -sIm≠v kph¿W-h¿Ww hym]n-®p.5 XZ\p sImSn-h-ew-seh®oSphm\q-V-cmKw

aSp-sam-gn-I-f-ImWvtU sN∂p Xq\ocpamSnbph-P-\-ap-Xp-sI∂pw s]m∑-Wn-Ø-≠p-ta-dn˛sØfn-hn-s\mSp XZm\ow h∂p-tahn-Øp-Sßn sImSnsb hew-h-bv°pI F∂Xv Ntµm-’-h-®-S-ßp-I-fn¬ H∂m-bn-cp-

∂n-cn-°Ww.AXn-\mbn ]tXyIw Xq\o-cm´p Ign™v kpµ-cn-am¿ bph-P-\-ß-fpsSapXp-Im-Ip∂ ]√-°n-tedn hs∂-Øn-Øp-S-ßn.6 PKXn ]pS-]p-gßo XX hmZn-X-tLmjw

shSn- ]p-\-cnSnt]mse hmbp-am¿t§ apgßoZnin-Znin s]mSn-s]mßo `m\p-_nw_w abßohSn-hn-s\mSp Ipepßo temI-an-µq-’-hmZu hmZn-X-tLmjw ˛ hmZy-tLmjw

7 kI-e-k-cn-Z-[oti Nµ_nw_-ßƒ t]mtecPkn hZ-\-amem _men-Im\mw hnfßoXcp-W¿ ]e-cp-sam-∂m-bva-µ-an-µq-’-h-¶˛≠g-sImSp s]cp-amdo tIfn-Iu-Xq-l-te\

kI-e-k-cn-Z-[oti ˛ kakvX kap-Z-ß-fn-epw, hZ-\-amem ˛ apJ-\nc8 s]mSn-]-S-e-a-S-ßp-t∂-c-am-im-I-Zw_w

IpS-X-g-a-b-sat∂ tXm∂p-am-Im-i-`mPmwDe-I-Jn-e-sam-tcmtcm kuc-`m-km-c-]q¿Æw£W-a-P\n ]cm-\-µmw-_p-\m-Ym-b-am\wBIm-i- mPmw BIm-i-Øn¬ ÿnXn sNøp-∂-h¿°v, kuc- m-km-c-]q¿Æw

˛ kuc-`y-a-g-\n-d-™-Xv, ]cm-\-µmw-_p-\m-Ym-b-am\w ˛ B\-µ-km-Kcw t]mep-≈-Xv,AP-\n˛ `hn®p (s]mSn AS-ßn-bm¬ IpSbpw Xgbpw \nd-™-Xmbn amXw D≈-Xmbn tXm∂pw)9 CS-bn-en-S-bn¬ sh≈n-°m-lfw sImºp-Nn”w

XpSn ]S-l-an-Sbv°m a±fw _≤-XmfwhncpXp Ipg¬ hntijw hmZ-Im\mw ]tbmKw]e-h-bp-apfhmbo l¥ Ntµm-’-hmZuXpSn ˛]S-lw- CSbv°m ˛a±fw ˛ hncpXv ˛Ipg¬=Hmtcm hmZy-hn-ti-j-ßƒ

10 ]pcn-Ip-g-en-en-d-ßn-Ø-ß-fn¬ Xnßn-hnßpwIpfp¿ap-e-bn¬ hncp-∂p-t≠-W-im-t_-£-Wm\mwZnin-Znin s]cp-amdo taZn-\o-sh-Æn-em-hn≥˛apJ-]-cn-a-f-hmlo k¥Xw K‘-hml:GW-im-t_-£-Wm\mw ˛ Cf-am≥ IÆn-am-cp-sS, apJ-]-cn-a-f-hmlo ˛ apJ-

ku-c- ysØ hln-°p∂, K‘-hml: ˛ hmbp11 Znh-k-hn-[n-I-sf-√m-amip IrXzm \nc-kvXm˛

ab-a-cp-h-b-cn-tµm-cp-’-hm-tbm¬ kpIn\y:]p\-c]n Xd-tb-dn-t∏m-∂p-h-∂w-K-`wKymPb-hn-cpXp hnfn-∏n-®-\zn-Xm-\-ev°-hossµ:\nc-kvXmab-w ˛ Zp:Jan-√m-sX, Acp-h-b¿ ˛ kpµ-cn-am¿, D¬kp-In\y ˛

Ntµm-’-h-Øn-\mbn D’m-l-ap-≈-h¿, A\znXm ˛ IqSn-b-h¿12 Aar-X-I-c-k-]-cymcw`tIm-em-l-e-¶˛

≠Jn-e-a-k-l-amt\m `m\p-ameo XZm\owAcp-W-cp-Nn-c-i¶w t]mbva-d™q:- ]cioa\kn _X s]mcp-∂m-am-\n-\m-Ωo-\-t\X



Aar-X-I-c-k-]-cymcw`tIm-em-l-ew ˛N-µ-]q-Pm-cw-`-Øn-ep≈ tImem-l-ew, `m\p-ameo ˛ kqcy≥, Acp-W-cpNn ˛ Nph-∏p-Im-¥n-bp-≈-h-\m-bn´v , ]cio ˛ A\y-cpsSsFiz-cyw, s]mcp-∂m ˛ CW-ßp-I-bn-√.13 KX-h-Xn-Zn-\-\mtY X\zn! iymX-I-X-hym˛

µnin lna-I-c-_nw_w Iw_p-Kucw hnfßo\nP-X-\-b-k-]cymw IuXpIw ]q≠p t\m°pwIe-i-P-e-[n-Im-¥m-io-ap-Jmw-t`m-PcaywZn-\-\mtY KX-h-Xn- ˛ kqcym-kvX-a-b-Øn¬, iymX-I-X-hymw Znin ˛ Ing-t°-

Zn-°n¬, Iw_p-Kucw ˛ iwJw t]mse shfp-Ø-Xm-bn´v, \nP-X-\-b-......t`m-Pcayw ˛Xs‚ ]pXs‚ (N-µs‚ )]q-Psb IuXp-I-tØmsS t\m°p∂ ]mem-gn-bpsS Im¥-bpsS ioa-Ømb apJ-I-aew t]mse cay-am-bn´v (e-£vao-ap-J-Xpeyw cay-am-bn- v)14 iin-a-Wn-a-b-_nwt_ l¥ ss]t¥-\p-am-Sn˛

∏cn-Nn-s\m-S- n-tj-I-s©bvXp \olm-c-tXmssbxIpc-h-I-a-e¿ Nm¿Øn-∏-©-Xm-c-s∏-cp-ºm˛bk-a-Xn\p \nthZyw Iev]nXw Iw_p-IWvTymiin-a-Wn-a-b-_nwt_ ˛ Nµ-Im-¥-°√p sIm≠p≈ _nw_-Øn¬, \olm-c-

tXmssbx ˛ ]\n-\o-cp-sIm-≠v, Ipc-h-I-a-e¿ ˛ aµm-c-]p-jv]w, Iw_p-IWvTym˛kp-µ-cn-bm¬,Iev]nXw ˛-\n-th-Zn-°-s∏-´-Xm-bn.15 a[p-c-I-hn-I-sf-√m-s©∂p ]qPm-h-kmt\

aW-an-f-In\`mkm-]-Zy-_-ss‘-c-t\ssIxAar-X-In-c-W-a-kvXu-jp¿Ω-t\m-lm-cn-Ko-X˛≤z\n- n-c]n XZm\ow sshWnIm thWp-hm-Wn.

....AkvXujp ˛ kvXpXn®p.

B´-°-Ym-km-lnXyw

ae-bm-f-Ønse ]ap-J-amb kmln-Xy-im-J-I-fn-sem-∂mWv B´-°-Y. Hc-\ym-Zr-i-hy-‡n-Xz-ap≠v B´-°-Ym-km-ln-Xy-Øn-\v. cq]-Ønepw `mh-Ønepw AXv temI-Ønse Hcp kmln-Xy-im-J-tbmSpw IS-s∏-´p-\n-ev°p-∂n-√. IY-Ifn F∂ Zriy-I-e-bv°p-th≠nbmWv B -°-Y-Iƒ D≠m-bn- p-≈-sX-∂-Xn-\m¬ B -°-Ym-km-ln-Xy-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ hnNn-¥\w IY-I-fn-bpsS hnIm-k-]-cn-Wm-a-ß-fp-am-bn - _‘-s∏- p-\n-ev°p-∂p. \mSy \rXy KoX- hm-Zym-Zn-I-fpsS tN¿®-bm¬ Ahm-Ny-amb A\p- qXn Bkzm-Z-I¿°v ]Zm\w sNøp∂ A`n-\-b-I-e-bmWv IY-I-fn. IY-Ifn F∂ Iem-cq-]-Øns‚DZv -h-sØ-∏‰n ]e IY-Ifpw \ne-hn-ep-≠v. F∂m¬ Ch-sb√mw ]q¿W-ambn hnizm-k-Øn-se-Sp-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-√. tIc-f-Øn¬ \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]e ]mNo-\-I-em-cq-]-ßfpw IY-I-fn-bpsS DXv]-Øn°v am¿§-Z¿i\w \¬Ip-hm≥ ]cym-]vX-am-b-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p. IrjvW-\m- w, IqSn-bm- w, NmIym¿Iq-Øv, AjvS-]-Zn-bm´w apX-em-b -I-e-Iƒ°v ]pdsa Xnd-bm´w, ]S-b-Wn, IWn-Xp-≈¬, Xobm´v apX-emb \mS≥ Ie-Ifpw IY-I-fn-bpsS Ah-Xm-c-Øn\v Imc-W-am-bn-Øo¿∂n- p-≠v. IY-Ifn F∂ Iem-cq-]hpw B´-°-Ym-km-ln-Xyhpw hf-sc-b-[nIw ]cn-Wm-a-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-am-bn-´p-≠v.hnj-b-kzo-I-c-W-Øn¬ ]ptcm-K-a-\-]-chpw hnπ-h-I-c-hp-amb am‰-ßƒ h∂n-cn-°p-∂p.hyXy-kvX-km-aq-lnI kµ¿ -ß-fpsS kΩ¿±-Øm¬ IYm-I-Y-\hpw hf-sc-tbsd amdn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. IY-Ifn F∂ Iem-cq]w AXns‚ khn-ti-j-amb ]Xy-b-imkvX/kuµ-cy-im-kvX ]cn-k-c-Øn-\p-≈n¬ \n∂p-sIm-≠mWv Cu am‰-ßƒ ]mtbm-Kn-I-am-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.



IY-IfnIY-Ifn Hcp Zriy-I-e-bm-Wv. \rØw, \rXyw, \mSyw F∂nh CXn-e-S-ßn-bn-cn-

°p-∂p. Xmf-e-bm-in-X-amWv \rØw. ]Zm¿Ym- n-\-b-amWv \rXyw. hmIym¿Ym- n-\-b-amWv \mSyw. ckw IY-I-fn-bn¬ ][m-\-am-Wv. ck-ßsf Ah-ew-_n--®p≈ A`n-\-b-]-I-S-\hpw ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ `mK-h-X-cpsS Km\m-em-]-\hpw IY-I-fn-bn¬ AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-I-bm¬ \mSymwiw CXn¬ th≠p-thm-f-a-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ \mSyw, \rØw, \rXyw F∂o Xnhn-[-Zr-iy-]-ÿm-\-ßƒ ktΩ-fn-®n- p≈ Hcpkºq¿Æ Zriy-I-em-hn-ti-j-ambn "IY-Ifn'sb hnti-jn-∏n-®p-h-cp-∂p.

IY-Ifn ˛ DZv`hwIrjvW-\m´w ˛ cma--\m´w ˛ IY-I-fn. Cu Ia-amWv IY-I-fn-bpsS DZv`-h-hp-ambn

_-‘-s∏´v ]d-™p-h-cp-∂-Xv. IY-I-fn-bpsS ]q¿∆-cq-]-ß-fmbn IrjvW-\m- hpw cma-\m-´hpw IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Bcym-[n-\n-th-i-Øn\p tijw IqØpw IqSn-bm-´hpwtIc-f-I-em-th-Zn-bn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏´p XpS-ßn. ]pcmW IY-Iƒ amXw CXn-hr-Ø-ambn kzoI-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂ ]tXy-IX IqØn\pw IqSn-bm- -Øn-\p-ap-≠v. IY-I-fnbpwCu am¿K-amWv kao-]-Im-ew-hsc ]n¥p-S¿∂n-cp-∂-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠m-hWw A`n-\bw, apZ, thjw, \rØw F∂n-h-sIm≠v ]cn-jvI-cn® IqSn-bm- -sa∂v Nne-sc-¶nepw IY-I-fnsb hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

IqØns\ P\-Io-b-am-°p-I-sb∂ Dt±-iy-tØmsS NmIym-∑m¿ Pb-tZ-h-cpsS KoX-tKm-hnµw kzoI-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. GXm\pw iXm-_vZ-ßƒ Ign-™n- m-sW-¶nepw (1653)KoXtKm-hn-µ-Øns‚ Hcp hnI-kn-X-cq]w F∂p ]d-bm-hp∂ "IrjvW-KoX' F∂ KŸwtImgn-t°mSv am\-th-Z≥ Xºp-cm≥ cNn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. CXns‚ cwKm-h-X-cWw IrjvW-\m´w F∂-dn-b-s∏- p. IrjvW-\m- hpw IY-I-fnbpw XΩn¬ kmln-Xy-cq-]-Ønepw A`n-\-b-Ønepw hfsc kmZr-iy-ap-≠v.

IrjvW-\m- -Øns‚ Bhn¿`m-h-tØmSv G‰hpw ASp-Øp-Xs∂ a≤y-Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ DZ-bw-sNbvX \mSy-]-ÿm-\-amWv tIc-fo-b-cpsS Iem-hn-j-b-I-amb ]mK-¤y-Øns‚ kp]-i-kvX-amb Nph-Smbn ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xv. cma-mb-WsØ F´mbnhn -Pn®v IY-Iƒ \n¿Ωn®v sIm´m-c-°-c-Ø-ºp-cm≥ cwK-]-tbmKw \n¿∆-ln® cmam-\m-´-amWv Cu ]ÿm-\w. Cu cma-\m-´-Øn\v Imtem-Nn-X-ambn ]cn-jvIm-c-ßƒh∂ptN¿∂-t∏mƒ AXv "IY-Ifn' F∂ Iem-cq-]-ambn ]cn-W-an-®p.B´-°-Ym-km-lnXyw

IY-Ifn F∂ A`n-\-b-I-e-bv°p-th≠n D≠m-b-XmWv ae-bm-f- m-j-bpsS kzmb-Ø-km-ln-Xy-im-J-I-fn¬ ]ap-J-amb B -°-Ym-]-ÿm-\w. irwKmc hoc Icp-Wm-Zn-I-fmb ck-ßsf cwKØv Ah-X-cn-∏n®v ^en-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v klm-b-I-amb t«mI-ßfpw ]Z-ß-fp-amWv B -°-Ym-km-ln-Xyw. cma-\m- -amWv H∂m-a-Xm-bp-≠mb B -°-Y-sb-∂Xv an°-hcpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. sIm´m-c-°-c-Ø-ºp-cms\ BZysØ B -°-Ym-Im-c-\mbpw IW-°m-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ Un. ]Zva-\m- -\p-Æn-sb-t∏m-ep≈ Nne-sc-¶nepw B -°-Ym-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ ]nXr-ÿm\w \¬Ip-∂Xv tIm -b-Øp- X-ºp-cm-\m-Wv. cma-\m´w IY-Iƒ°v tIm´bw IY-I-fp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ kmln-Xy-]-c-ambn \yq\-X-Iƒ ImWp-∂p-sh-∂-XmWv Cu A`n-]m-b-hy-Xym-k-Øn\v \nZm-\w.kmln-Xy-aqeyw Ipd-hm-sW-¶nepw Ime-∏-g-°hpw IJ-I-fn-bpsS DZv -h-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ sFXn-lyhpw ]cn-K-Wn®v B´-°-Y-bpsS BZy-am-Xr-I-bmbn cma-\m´w IY-I-sfbpw D]-⁄m-Xm-hmbn sIm´m-c-°-c-Ø-ºp-cm-s\bpw Icp-Xp-I-bmhpw bp‡w.

cmam-b-WsØ ap≥\n¿Øn ]pX-Im-ta-jvSn, koXmkzbw-h-cw, hn—n-∂m-`n-tj-Iw, Jc-h-[w, _men-h-[w, tXmc-W-bp-≤w, tkXp-_-‘-\w, bp≤w F∂n-ßs\ F´p-I-Y-I-fmWv sIm´m-c-°-c-Ø-ºp-cm≥ \n¿Ωn-®-Xv. Xºp-cms‚ IrXn-Iƒ G‰hpw anI-®-h-sb∂v ]d-™p-Iq-sS-¶nepw Nne `mK-ß-fn-se√mw ae-bm-f-Øns‚ am[pcyw \nd-™p-\n¬°p-∂p. koXm-kz-bw-h-cw, _men-h-[w, tXmc-W-bp≤w F∂o IY-Iƒ C∂pwIY-I-fn-cw-KØv ]Nm-c-ap-≈-h-bm-Wv.



B´-°-Ym-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ D]-⁄m-Xm-hmbn sIm´m-c-°-c-Ø-ºp-cms\ Icp-Xp-∂p-sh-¶nepw B´-°-Ybv°v bYm¿∞-amb Hcp kmln-Xy-ap-≠m-bXv tIm´-b-Øp-X-ºp-cms‚ Ime-Øm-Wv. B´-°-Ym-km-ln-Xy-N-cnXw ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ cma-\m´w `‡n-c-k-]-Zm-\-am-bn-cp∂p F∂p ImWmw. hoc irwKm-cm-Zn-I-fmb CXcck-ßƒ°v B´-°-Y-bn¬ ÿm\w e`n-°p-∂Xv tIm´bwIY-IfneqsS-bm-Wv. cma-\m´w F∂ t]cv ad-bp-Ibpw "IYIfn' F∂v Cu Iem-cq]w Adn-b-s∏-Sm≥ XpS-ßp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv, alm-`m-cXw Bc-Wy-]¿∆sØ ASn-ÿm-\-am°n tIm´-b-Øp-X-ºp-cm≥ cNn® \mev B´-°-Y-Iƒ cwK-sØ-Øn-b-tXm-sS-bmWv. _I-h-[w,In¿Ωo-c-h-[w, Ieym-W-ku-K-‘nIw, \nhm-X-I-h-N-Im-e-tI-b-h[w F∂n-h-bmWvtIm´-b-Øp-X-ºp-cm≥ \n¿Ωn® \mev B´-°-Y-Iƒ. kmln-Xy-a-ln-a-sIm≠pw cwKm-h-X-c-W-£-a-X-sIm≠pw ]kvXp-X-Ir-Xn-Iƒ H∂mw-In-S-bn¬Øs∂ ]tim-`n-°p-∂p. Be-¶m-cn-I-∑m-cpsS aX-a-\p-k-cn®v Imhy-Øn\p th≠-Xmb KpW-ßƒ F√mw-Xs∂ Cu IY-I-fn¬ \nd-™p-\n¬°p-∂p. A¿Ym-e-¶m-c-ß-tf-°mƒ i_vZm-e-¶m-c-ßƒ°mWv Xºp-cm≥ ]m[m\yw \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. B´-°-Y-I-fn¬ BZy-ambn Hcp ZfiIw ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Xºp-cm-s\-gp-Xnb "\nhm-X-I-h-N-Im-e-tI-b-h-['-Øn-emWv. HmPkv Hmfw sh´p∂ `mjm-ssien Ct±-l-Øns‚ IrXn-I-fpsS kuµ-cysØ ]hr-≤-am-°p-∂p. B´-°-Y-I-fnse t«mI-ßƒ kwkvIr-X-Øn¬ Bbn-cn-°-W-sa∂v Hcp hg°w D≠m-°n-bXpw Ct±-l-am-Wv. IYm-]m-X-kr-jvSn-bnepw \mS-Io-b-amb Ah-X-c-W-Ønepw tIm´-b-Øp-X-ºp-cm≥ ]tXyIwi≤n-®p. AsXmcp \√ XpS-°-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]n¬°m-esØ B´-°-Ym-Im-c-∑m¿°vG‰-hp-a-[nIw amXr-I-bm-bXv tIm´bw IY-I-fm-Wv.

tIm´-b-Øp-X-ºp-cms‚ B´-°-Y-Isf IW-°n-e-[nIw A\p-I-cn® Hcp Ihn-bmWv Im¿Øn-I-Xn-cp-\mƒ cma-h¿Ω. cmP-kq-bw, \c-Im-kp-c-h-[w, kp`-Zm-l-c-Ww, I-eym-W-ku-K-‘n-Iw, _I-h-[w, K‘¿∆-hn-P-bw, ]m©m-eo-kz-bw-hcwF∂n-ßs\ Gtgmfw IrXn-Iƒ Ct±-l-Ønt‚Xm-bp-≠v. kmln-Xy-]-c-ambn Db¿∂-\n-e-hm-c-ap-≈-h-bm-bn-cp-∂n√ Ct±-l-Øns‚ cN-\-Iƒ. Ct±-l-Øns‚ \c-Im-kp-c-h[w B´-°Ybv°p amXta Ac-ßØv ]N-cn-°p-hm≥ `mKyw e`n-®p-≈q. B´-°-Y-Iƒ cNn®p F∂Xp amXa√ Ct±-l-Øns‚ ta∑. sIm´mcw hI-bmbnIfn-tbmKw cq]o-I-cn®v IY-I-fn-b-c-ßns\ t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-hm\pw Ct±lw i≤n-®p.

Im¿Øn-I-Xn-cp-\m-fns‚ `mKn-t\-b-\m-bn-cp∂ Aiz-Xn-Xn-cp-\mƒ \mev B´-°-Y-Iƒ Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v. ]qX-\-tam-£w, cp‹n-Wo-kz-bw-h-cw, Aw_-co-£-N-cn-Xw, ]uWvUI-h[w F∂n-h-bm-W-h. tIm´bw IrXn-Isf AXn-i-bn-°p∂almflyw Aiz-Xn-Xn-cp-\m-fns‚ IrXn-Iƒ°p-≈-Xmbn alm-Ihn D≈q¿ A`n-]m-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. ]mSn-c-kn-°m≥ ]m´p-Im¿°pw A`n-\-bn-®p-^-en-∏n-°m≥ \S-∑m¿°pw tI´pw I≠pw Nn¥n®pw Bkz-Zn-°m≥ t]£-I¿°pw hI-\-evIp∂kmln-Xy-amWv At±lw krjvSn-®-Xv. Icp-Xn-°q´n Xnc-s™-SpØ kpµ-c-i-_vZ-ßsf ]mepw ]©-km-c-bp-sa-∂-t]mse CW-°n-t®¿Øv ca-Wo-bm¿Y-ßfpsStemI-Øn-te°v A\p-hm-N-Isc B\-bn-°p-hm≥ sIev]p-≠m-bn-cp∂ Hcp hnZKv[i_vZ-in-ev]nbpw D∂-X-I-em-Im-c-\p-am-bn-cp∂ AizXn Xncp-∂m-sf∂v F≥.-Ir-jvW-]n≈ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p.

B´-°-Y-I-fpsS Iq´-Ønse H‰-bm-\mWv DÆm-bn-hm-cn-b-cpsS \f-N-cnXw B´-°-Y. `mjm-co-Xn, IYm-]m-X-kr-jvSn, \mS-Io-bX, ck-k-∂n-th-iw, kwKoXwXpSßn Ht´sd LS-I-ß-fn¬ a‰v B´-°-Y-I-fn¬ \n∂pw \f-N-cnXw hyXym-k-s∏-´p-\n¬°p-∂p. Btcbpw A\p-I-cn-®m-bn-cp-∂n√ DÆm-bn-hm-cy¿ B´-°Y cNn-®-Xv. At±-lsØ A\p-I-cn-°m\pw B¿°pw km[n-®n-´n-√.Cc-bn-Ω≥X-ºn-bmWvit≤-b-\mb as‰mcp B´-°-Ym-Im-c≥. IoN-I-h-[w, DØ-cm-kz-bw-h-cw, Z£-bm-Kw, Cßs\ aq∂p IY-Iƒ Ct±lw \n¿Ωn-®p. kwKo-X-Øns‚ Awi-Øn¬Cc--bn-Ω≥Xºn Npcp°w Nne kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ DÆm-bn-hm-cysc AXn-i-bn-°p-∂p.



tIm´bw IY-I-fpsS ImTn-\ytam \f-N-cn-X-Øns‚ hnNn-X-co-Xntbm Cc-bn-Ω≥X-ºn-bpsS IrXn-I-fn¬ ImWp-∂n-√. A¿Y-K-l-W-Øn-ep≈ A\m-bm-k-X, ]Z-]-tbm-K-Øn-ep≈ kq£va-X, efn-X-`m-j, arZp-hmb cN\ F∂nh Xºn-bpsS IrXn-I-fpsS ]tXy-I-X-I-fm-Wv. A`n-\-b-tbm-Ky-X-sIm≠v IY-I-fn-tem-IØv H∂mwXc-ambn Ch ]cnekn-°p-∂p.

hn.-Ir-jvW≥ Xºn-bpsS "XmS-Im-h-[-amWv' it≤-b-amb as‰mcp B´-°-Y.kwKo-X-am-[p-cy-Øm¬ \f-N-cn-X-Øn\v ktlmZcÿm-\o-b-ambn Cu IrXnsb Icp-Xn-t∏m-cp-∂p. XnI®pw \mS-Io-b-amb Hcp Iem-in-ev]sØ hnP-b-I-c-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ DÆm-bn-°p-tijw Ign-™Xv Ct±-l-Øn\p amX-am-Wv. IYm-]m-X-ß-fpsS am\-kn-I-`m-h-Øn-\mWv C±lw ]m[m\yw \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

A™q-dn-e-[nIw B´-°-Y-Iƒ \ap-°p-≠v. B´-°-Y-I-fpsS Cu s]cp-∏-Øn¬]e-t∏mgpw kuµ-cymw-ihpw kmln-Xy-Kp-Whpw Ah-X-c-W-£-a-Xbpw tN¿∂p-h-∂h hfsc Ipd-hm-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Ch-bn¬ _lp-`q-cn-]-£hpws]s´-∂p-Xs∂ hnkvar-Xn-bn-em-bn. ChnsS ]cm-a¿in® B´-°-Y-Iƒs°m∏w ]cn-K-Wn-t°≠ GXm\pw Nne IY-Iƒ°q-Sn-bp-≠v. Infn-am-\q¿ hnZzm≥tIm-bn-Ø-ºp-cms‚ "cmh-W-hn--Pb' amWv AXn-sem-∂v. ZpjvS-I-Ym-]m-X-ambn KWn-°-s∏-´p-t]m∂ cmh-Ws\ \mb-I-\m°n cNn® KŸ-am-Wn-Xv. kmln-Xy-]-c-ambn H∂mw-In-S-bn-e-s√-¶nepw IY-I-fn-cw-KØv H∂mw-In-S-bn¬\n¬°p∂ [mcmfw IY-I-fp-≠v. hb-kvIc Bcy-\m-cm-b-W≥ aqkns‚ Zptcym-[-\-h-[-amWv CXn¬ apJy-am-b-Xv. Zptcym-[-\-h[w t]mse Ac-ßn¬ FØn-bn-´p≈ as‰m-cp-IYbn√. Cń-cm-cn-»-ta-t\ms‚ k¥m-\-tKm-]m-ew, I√q¿\-ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sns‚ _men-hn-P-bw, at¥-SØp \ºq-Xn-cn-bpsS kp`-Zm-l-cWw F∂n-hbpw Ac-ßnse km[y-X-I-fp-ambn_‘-s∏´v ]m[m\yw t\Sn-b-h-bm-Wv. BSm≥ sIm≈m-hp∂ IY-Iƒ F∂v ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂h IY-bp-sStbm Ihn-bp-sStbm al-Xz-Øn\v \nZm-\-am-hp-∂n-√. adn®v IY-Ifn F∂ Iem-cq-]-Øn-s‚bpw \Ss‚ anI-hn-s‚bpw DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. AYhm "B´-°-Ym-km-ln-Xy-Øn\v' I\-s∏´ kw`m-h\ \¬Ip-hm≥]cym-]vX-am-bn-cp-∂n√ Ch.

]cn-jvI-cW ia-ßƒcma-\m´w ]N-cn®p XpS-ßn-b-tXmsS ]cn-jvI-cW ia-ßfpw Bcw- n-®p-sh∂p

]d-bmw. Ch apJy-ambpw IY-I-fn-b-c-ßp-ambn _‘-s∏- m-bn-cp-∂p. A`n-\bw thjw,cwK-k-÷o-I-cWw XpS-ßnb LS-I-ß-sf-bmWv apJy-ambpw CXv kv]¿in-®-Xv. I√-Sn-t°m-S≥, I]vfn-ßm-S≥ F∂o \ºq-Xn-cn-amcpw sh -Øp-\m- p-cm-Pmhpw G¿s∏-Sp-Ønb]cn-jvIm-c-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ IY-I-fn°v aq∂v `n∂-k-º-Zm-b-ßƒXs∂ cq]-s∏- p. ]n∂oSv IY-I-fn°v h∂ ]cn-jvIm-c-ß-fn¬ tIm -b-Øp-X-ºp-cm\pw apJy- ]-¶p-h-ln-®p. AXn-\p-tijw Ah-X-c-W-Ønepw ]mX-kr-jvSn-bnepw kmln-Xy-ta-J-e-bnepwImcy-amb ]cn-jvIm-c-ß-sfm∂pw Cu Iem-cq-]-Øn\v Iptd°m-e-tØ°v D≠m-bn-√.]n∂oSv KW-\o-b-amb Nne ia-ßƒ \S-∂Xv Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠n-em-Wv.

]ń-°mw-sXmSn cmap-Æn-ta-t\ms‚ injy-∑m-cmb aq∂v ]Xn- m-[-\-∑m-cm-bn-cp∂pCXn\p ap≥ssI-sb-Sp-Ø-Xv. Iogv∏Sw Ipam-c≥ \mb¿, Iem-a-fiew cma≥Ip- n, Iem-a-fiew ]fl-\m- ≥ \mb¿ F∂n-h-cm-bn-cp∂p Ah¿. ]pXnb IY-I-fn- mj krjvSn®Ch¿ IY-I-fn-b-c-ßns\ ]co-£-W-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-am-°n.Iogv∏Sw Ipam-c≥\m-b¿ :˛ Xob-‰¿ LS-I-ßsf IY-I-fn-bpsS cwK-km-≤y-X-Iƒ°mbn]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øn. thZn, s^bnw tImWp-Iƒ, shfn® hn\ymkw XpSßn \mS-I-Øns‚ k -e-X-bp≈ cwtKm-]-I-c-W-ßsf IY-I-fn°v D]-tbm-Kn-®p.Iem-a-fiew cma≥Ipń :˛ Zriy-Øns‚ bp‡n-bmWv IYm-]m-X-tI-µn-X-amb bp‡n--Z-X-tb-°mƒ ][m-\-sa∂v Ct±lw sXfn-bn-®p.



Iem-a-fiew ]fl-\m- ≥ \mb¿ :˛ If-cn-]m-T-ß-fpsS kpin-£n-X-amb ⁄m\-Øn¬ \n∂v IØn, an\p-°v, lwkw thj-ßƒ°v Zriy-Nm-cp-X-tb-Ip∂ B -ßƒNn -s∏-Sp-Øn.

Ch-cpsS hn`n-∂-ß-fmb Iem-Z¿i-\-ßƒ IY-I-fn-bpsS hf¿®sb Xzcn-X-s∏-Sp-Øn. Ah-X-c-W-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´p \S∂ Cu ]cn-jvI-cWßƒ B -°-Ym-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ ]cnjvIm-c-Øn\pw hgn-sbm-cp-°n. hnj-b-kzo-I-c-W-Øn¬ h∂ hyXn-N-e-\-am-bn-cp∂p CXn¬ G‰hpw ][m-\w.

B -°-Ym-km-lnXyw ˛ B[p-\n-I-L´wB[p-\nIImeØpw B -°-Y-Iƒ D≠m-Ip-∂p-≠v. Ch-bn¬ ][m\w hn. am[-

h≥\m-b-cpsS I¿Æ-i-]-Y-am-Wv. cq]-in-ev]-Øn¬ ]g-b-I-Y-I-fn¬\n∂v CXv hy‡-am-Wv. IYm-]m-X-ß-fpsS ]th-i-Øn\pw IYm-k-µ¿`w kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw km[m-cW IrXn-I-fn¬ t«mI-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ I¿Æ-i-]-Y-Øn¬ t«mI-ß-tf-bn-√. cLp-hn-Pbw, `oa-_-‘-\w, Km‘n-hn-Pbw, ln‰ve¿h-[w, Icp-W, F_-lm-ans‚_en, tUmIvS¿ ^uÃv, aKvZ-e-\-a-dnbw XpSßn [mcmfw B -°-Y-Iƒ ASp-Ø-Im-e-Øp-≠m-bn. Ch-bn¬ Nne-sX√mw Ncn-X-]-chpw kmaq-ln-Ihpw Bb CXn-hrØwkzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. \ho-\-I-Yƒ B´-°-Ym-cq-]-Øn¬ Fgp-Xp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v henb]tbm-P-\-ans√∂ A`n-]m-bhpw Ct∏mƒ Db¿∂p hcp-∂p. ]gb IY-Iƒ t]msecwKØv CØcw IY-Iƒ hnP-bn-°p-∂ns√-∂-XmWv CØ-c-samcp A`n-]mbw DS-se-Sp-°m≥ Imc-Ww.

IY-I-fn-bpsS cq]w ¢mkn-°m-Wv, Aam-\p-j-am-Wv. CXv A¤p-X-]-cn-th-j-ap≈Hcp Iem-cq-]-am-Wv. ka-Im-enI kw -h-ßƒ hnj-b-am°n B -°-Y-Iƒ cNn-°p-tºmƒcN-bn-Xm-°ƒ Cu hvkvXpX-IqSn Hm¿Ωn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. B´-°-Y, IY-I-fn-bpsS cwKm-h-X-c-W-Øn-\p≈ Hcp kmlnXy cq]-am-sW-∂-Xn-\m¬ B -°-Ym-c-N-bn-Xm-°ƒ cwKm-h-X-c-W-km-[y-X-I-sf-°qSn a\-kn¬ Icp-tX-≠-Xp-≠v.

B -°-Y-Iƒ°v ]pXnb Iem-kw- -h-ßƒ hnj-b-am-°p-∂Xv icn-b-s√∂pw thZn-bn¬ ]cm-P-b-amhpw F∂pw Hcp [mc-W-bmWv C∂p s]mXp-hm-bp-≈-Xv. \mfn-Xp-h-sc-bp≈ IY-I-fn-bpsS NcnXw Cu hkvXp-Xsb Dd-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. F∂n-cn-°nepw ]co-£-W-ßƒ ]pXnbhbn-te-°p≈ Ihm-S-ß-fm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. ]pXnb cN-\m-co-Xnbpw hnj-b-kzo-I-c-Whpw hgnbpw IY-I-fn°v \ne-\n¬°m\mhpw F∂v t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p-XIpw hn[-ap≈ ia-ßƒ D≠m-th-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

B -°-Ym-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ NcnXw ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Iem-aq-eyhpw kmln-Xy-aq-ey-hp-ap≈ IY-Iƒ hfsc Npcp-°-am-sW∂v a\-kn-em-Ipw. A\p-I-c-W-i-a-ß-fmWvB -°-Ym-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ Zp¿K-Xn°v Imc-Ww. B -°Ym kmln-Xyhpw IY-I-fnbpwP\-Io-b-am-Ip-hm-\p≈ ia-ß-fmWv C∂v I≠p-h-cp-∂-Xv. Dt±iyw \√-Xm-sW-¶nepwCu al-Ømb kmln-Xy-cq-]-Øn-s‚bpw Iem-cq-]-Øn-s‚bpw Bflmhv \jvS-am-°p∂]cn-jvIm-c-ßsf \mw X≈n-°-f-tb-≠-Xp-≠v. ]pXnb ]›m-Ø-ehpw ]pXnb hnj-b-ßfpw ]g-b-Xns\ AXn-i-bn-°pw-hn[w krjvSn-s®-SpØv B -°-Ym-km-ln-XysØ kºp-jvS-am°phm\p≈ ia-ß-fmWv \mw \S-tØ-≠-Xv. CØcw ia-ß-fn-eqsS IY-IfnF∂ Iem-cq-]hpw B -°-Ym-km-ln-Xyhpw IqSp-X¬ hf-cp-I-X-s∂- sN-øpw.

\f-N-cnXw\f-N-cnXw H∂mw Znhkw ˛ IYmkmcw

alm- m-cXw h\-]¿∆-Øn¬ 52 apX-¬ 79 hsc-bp≈ A≤ym-b-ß-fmWv \tfm-]m-Jym\w. ]mWvU-h-∑m-cpsS h\-hmk ImeØv _rl-Z-iz≥ F∂ ap\n bp[n-jvTn-cs\]d™p tIƒ-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv \f-I-Y. kXyk-‘-cmb cmPm-°-∑m¿°v Zp¿∆n-[n-bm-¬IjvS-∏m-Sp-I-fp-≠m-bmepw HSp-hn¬ B]-sØ√mw \oßn apº-tØ-°mƒ tib pwsFiz-cyhpw D≠m-Ip-sa∂ KpW-]mTw bp[n-jvTn-c-\\v D]-tZ-in-°m-\mWv ap\n \fs‚IY ]d-bp-∂-Xv.



]≠v \nj-[-cm-PyØv hoc-tk-\s‚ ]pX-\mbn \f-s\-s∂mcp cmPm-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. kZvKp-W-k-ºq¿Æ-\m-bn-cp∂ \f≥ NqXp-I-fn-bnepw Xev]-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. hf-sc-°mew k¥-Xn-bn-√msX ZpxJn-®n-cp-∂ hnZ¿`-bnse òa alm-cm-Pm-hn\v A°m-eØv Za\ al¿jn-bpsS A\p-K-l-Øm¬ Za≥, Zm¥-≥, Za-\≥F∂ aq∂v ]pX-∑mcpw Za-b¥n Fs∂mcp ]pXnbpw P\n-®p. buh\ ]m]vX-bmb Za-b-¥nsb AXn-i-bn-°m≥ A∂v as‰mcp kvXobn√mbn-cp-∂p. kuµcy-Øn¬ \fs\ Pbn-°m≥ Hcp ]pcp-j\pw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. \f\pw Za-b-¥nbpw]c-kv]cw KpW-i-h-W-Øm¬ A\p-c-‡-cm-bn-cp-∂p. Ima-]o-Un-X-\mb \f≥ HcpZnhkw DZym-\-Øn-en-cn-°sh Ipsd kz¿Æ-lw-k-ßƒ At±-l-Øns‚ ZrjvSn-bn¬s∏-´p. Ah-bn-sem-∂ns\ At±lw IS-∂p-]n-Sn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xs∂sIm√m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ Za-b¥o kao-]-saØn \fs‚ KpW-K-W-ßƒ ]d™p tIƒ-∏n-°m-sa∂v Ac-bs∂ Adn-bn-®-t∏mƒ cmPmhv AXns\ hn´-b-®p. DSs\ Ac-b-∂-sa√mw hnZ¿` ]pcn-bn-te-°v bmX-bm-bn. Za-b-¥nbpw tXmgn-amcpw hnl-cn-°p∂ DZym-\-Øn¬ Ah sN∂n-d-ßn. Cu ]£n-Isf ]nSn-°m≥ F√m-hcpw_lfw hbv°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ \f-Zq-X-\mb lwkw kqX-Øn¬ Za-b-¥nsb I≠vhrØm-¥-ß-f-dn-bn-®p. Za-b-¥n-bpsS adp-]-Snbpw sIm≠v lwkw XncnsI \nj-[-Øn-te°v t]mIp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Za-b-¥n-bpsS sshh-iy-sØ-∏‰n tXmgn-am¿ ]d-™-dn™ òa≥ Ah-fpsSkzbw-hcw \S-Øm≥ \n›-bn-®p. A°m-eØv ]¿∆-X-a-l¿jn-tbm-sSmØv \mc-Z≥ tZth-µs‚ ASp-sØ-Øn. \mc-Z-\n¬ \n∂v Za-b-¥n-bpsS KpW-K-W-ß-sf-∏‰n Adn™v kzbw-h-c-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m-\mbn Cµ≥, A·n, ba≥, hcp-W≥F∂o temI-]m-e-I-\-∑mcpw Atßm´p Xncn-®p. Ah¿ hgn-°p-h®v \fs\ I≠papń. Xß-fn¬ Hcmsf Za-b¥n `¿Øm-hmbn kzoI-cn-°Ww F∂ ZuXy-h-hp-ambn Ah¿ \f-s\ Za-b-¥n-bpsS kao-]-tØ°v ]d-™-b-®p. Cµs‚ A\p-K-l-Øm¬ Xnc-kvI-cWn a¥-Øns‚ klm-b-tØmsS \f≥ I\ym-¥x-]p-c-Øn¬]th-in®v tZh-ZuXyw \n¿∆-ln-®p. amX-a-√, Xm≥ \f-\m-sW-\∂ ]c-am¿∞wZa-b-¥nsb Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Za-b-¥n-bm-Is´ Cµm-Zn-I-fpsS apºn¬h®p-Xs∂ Xm≥ \fs\ hcn-°p-sa∂v ]d-™p. \f≥ XncnsI sN∂v Cµm-Zn-Isf hnh-c-a-dn-bn-®p.

kzbw-h-c-a-WvU-]-Øn¬ A©p \f-∑msc H∂n-®p-I≠ Za-b¥n ]cn-`-an-®p. bYm¿∞ \f≥ Bsc-∂-dn-bmsX Ahƒ [¿Ω-k-¶-S-Ønembn. tZh-∑m-cpsSh©-\m-bm-Wn-sX-∂p a\- n-em-°nb Za-b¥n Ah-sc-Øs∂ Bi-bn-°m-sa∂pIcpXn tZh-∑msc hnfn®p ]m¿∞n-®p. Ah-fpsS ]m¿∞-\-bn¬ a\- -en™tZh-∑m¿ ]km-Zn -°p-Ibpw Ah-c-h-cpsS Nn”-ßƒ [cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.Aßs\ \fs\ Xncn-®-dn™ Za-b¥n ame-bn´v At±-lsØ hcn-®p. ]k-∂-cmb tZh-∑m¿ \f\v Cuc≠v hc-ßƒ \¬In A]-Xy-£-cm-bn.

B´-°Yaqe-I-Y-bn¬ \n∂v ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb hyXn-bm-\-ß-sfm∂pw B -°-Y-bn¬ hcp-

Øn-bn- n-√. F∂m¬ Aev]w hyXym-k-ßƒ Ahn-S-hnsS ImWmw. B hyXn-bm-\-ß-fpsS HuNn-Xy-sØ-°p-dn®pw Nn¥n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

IY-bpsS ]mcw- -Ønepw Ah-km-\-Ønepw \mc-Z-a-l¿jn-sb cwK-]-thiw sNøn-®XmWv aqe-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ Hcp hyXym-kw. Za-b¥n kzbw-hc hrØm¥w Cµm-Zn-Isf Adn-bn-°pI Fs∂mcp ]hrØn amX-amWv aqe-I-Y-b-\p-k-cn®v \mc-Z-\p-≈-Xv.B -°-Y-bn¬ Za-b-¥n-bpsS t\¿°p≈ A\p-cmKw ZrV-am-Ip-∂Xv \mc-Zs‚ hm°ptI -Xn-\p-ti-j-am-Wv. IY-bpsS ip -I-c-amb ]cn-k-am-]vXn-bn¬ \mc-Zs‚ ]th-ihpwA\p-K-lhpw ]tXyI NmcpX Df-hm-°p-∂p-≠v. BZyhpw Ah-km-\hpw \mc-Zs\]th-in-∏n-°p-∂Xv IYbv°v Hcp \n¿∆m-l-Is\ kºm-Zn-°m-\msW∂v G.-B¿. cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω A`n-]m-b-s∏-ń-´p-≠v.



aqe-I-Y-b-\p-k-cn®v IYm-cw- -Øn¬ amXta lwkw ]th-in-°p-∂p-≈q. B -°-Y-bn-em-hs´ HSphnepw lwkw FØp-∂p-≠v. ]pjvI-cs\ sIm√m-™mtemsIm¬Intem \√-sX∂v kwi-bn®p \n¬°p∂ \fs‚ ASp-sØØn h[n-bmbvI]pjvI-cs\ F∂ _“-k-tµ-i-a-dn-bn-°m-\mWv lwkw apJy-ambn FØp-∂-Xv. \fs‚B]-Øn¬ At±-lsØ klm-bn-°m≥ X\n°p Ign-™n-√t√m F∂ ZpxJ-Øm¬_‘p-hm-In¬ hn]Zn th≠p `hyw-h-cp-tºm-fm-cn-√mØp F∂p ]d-bp-I-IqSn sNøp-∂p-≠v lwkw. Za-b-¥n-bp-sSbpw \f-s‚bpw hnhm-l-Øn\p ][m\ Imc-W-°m-c-\mb lwkw IqSn Ah-cpsS ]p\-k-am-K-Ønse B\µw ]¶n-Sm-\p-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂XvDNnXw Xs∂. IY-Ifn cwKØv thj-ssh-hn[yw sIm≠p≈ BI¿j-IXzw Df-hm-°m\pw HSp-hn-ep≈ lwk ]thiw klm-b-I-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

Za-b-¥n-bpsS kzbw-hc cwK-Ønse tZh-Zm-\-h-∑m-cpsSbpw kc-kzXn tZhn-bp-sSbpw Ah-X-X-c-W-amWv a-s‰mcp hyXn-bm-\w. ChnsS Ihn iol¿js‚ ss\j-[obw ImhysØ ]n¥p-S-cp-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. sshhn-[y-ap≈ thj-ß-fpsS kar≤nsIm≠v Ifn-b-cßn\v angn-th-Im≥ Cu am‰w ]tbm-P-\-I-c-am-bn. kzbw-h-c-Øn\papºv Akp-c-∑mcpw cm£-k-∑mcpw XΩn¬ \S-Øp∂ kwhm-Zhpw Ihn-bpsS `mh\mkrjvSn-bm-Wv. IY-I-fn-cwKw ap∂n¬ I≠p-sIm≠v cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xm-hWw B cwKw.tZh-Zm-\-hmZn Aam-\p-j¿ k∂n-ln-X-cm-bn-cn-°p∂ kzbw-h-c-k-Z- nse Bfp-Isf]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ kc-kzXo tZhnsb°mƒ ]‰nb as‰m-cm-fmcv ?\f-N-cnXw B -°-Y-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

B´°-Ym-km-ln-Xy-Øn-¬ F∂√ ae-bmf kmln-Xy-Øn¬Øs∂ Xe-sb-Sp-t∏msS H‰-Xn-cn™p \n¬°p∂ Hcp IrXn-bmWv \f-N-cnXw B´-°-Y. \f-N-cnXw,\mep-Zn-h-ksØ IY-bm-bn- mWv DÆm-bn-hm-cy¿ cNn-®n- p-≈-Xv. Hmtcm Znh-k-XsØIYbv°pw X\-Xmb ]q¿Æ-Xbpw hy‡n-Xzhpw Ds≠-∂p-≈-XmWv Hcp ]tXy-I-X.AXp-sIm≠v hmcy-cpsS Ihn-X-bv°p≈ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ FSp-Øp-Im-Wn-°m≥ GXpZnh-ksØ IYbpw H∂p-t]mse ka¿∞-am-Wv. apJy-ambpw \-f-N-cnXw H∂mw-Zn-h-ksØ IYsb Bkv]-Z-am°n B ]tXy-I-X-Ifn-te°v H∂p ItÆm-Sn-°mw.cq]-inev]w

B -°-Y-I-fpsS cq]-in-ev]sØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw tIm -bØp Xºp-cms‚Ime-Øn\p apºp-Xs∂ Hcp hyhÿ Dd-®n-cp-∂p. Pb-tZ-h-cpsS KoXtKmhn-µ-Øn-eq-sSbpw tImgn-t°m´p kmaq-Xn-cn-bpsS IrjvW-\m- -Øn-eq-sSbpw Gsd-°psd ]cn-Nn-X-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-cp-∂p B cq]LS-\. t«mIßfn-eqsS IYm-k-µ¿ -ßƒ kqNn-∏n-°pI-; ]Z-ßƒ IYm-]m-X-hm-Iy-ß-fmbn \n_-‘n-°pI; CXm-bn-cp∂p kmam-\y-amb kº-Zm-bw. sIm´m-c-°-c-Ø-ºp-cm\pw tIm -bØp Xºp-cm\pw Cu coXn AXpt]mse-Xs∂kzoI-cn-®p. \f-N-cn-X-Øn-¬ DÆmbn hmcy¿ Cu hyhÿ kmam-\y-ambn ]men-®n- p-≠v Ft∂ ]d-bm-\m-hq. Fhn-sSbpw IqSp-X¬ kzmX¥yw ]I-Sn-∏n-°m-s\m-cp-ßnbAt±lw Cu N -°q- n¬ HXp-ßn-\n-∂n-√ F∂-XmWv ]c-am¿∞w. Ihn-hm-Iy-am-th≠t«mI-ßƒ IYm-]mX hmIy-ambn \f-N-cn-X-Øn¬ Is≠-Ømw.

“k‘n-∏n-s®≥ Xh-J-ep-a\wss`an-X≥ am\-k-tØm˛

Snµ≥ Xms\ hcn-In-en-fImImI-Ym-t\y-jp-cm-P≥

Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ hcp-hm-\n-l\n∂¥ntI \n¿ÆbwRm

s\∂pw sNm√n-IvJ-K-]Xn ]d∂w_tc t]mbva-d--™m≥”



F∂ t«mI-Øn¬ BZysØ aq∂p ]mZhpw lwk-Øns‚ hmIy-am-Wv. \memw-Zn-h-ksØ IY-bn¬ Ihn-hm-Iy-ambn Hcp ]Zhpw DÆmbn hmcy¿ tN¿Øn- p-≠v. IpWvUn-\-]p-cn-bn-te-s°-Øp∂ EXp-]¿Æ alm-cm-Pm-hns\ ˛

“AXn-Xq¿Æ-sa-gp-∂-cp-fn-E-Xp-]¿Æ-`q-]≥a[p-t\¿ hmWn ]mWn-K-lWIpXp-I-th-Km¬ ]pf-In-X-cq-]≥”

F∂n-ßs\bp≈ ]Z-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv Ihn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.t«mI-ßfpw ]Z-ßfpw IqSmsX H∂pw aq∂pw Znh-k-ß-fnse IY-bn¬ Hmtcm

ZWvU-Ihpw aq∂mw Znh-ksØ IY-bn¬ HcpKZyhpw (Nq¿Æn) hmcy¿ tN¿Øn- p-≠v. Cµm-Zn-I-fpsS ZuXyw Gs‰-Sp-ØpsIm≠v \f≥ Za-b-¥n-bpsS ASp-sØ-Øp-∂XpwAhsf ImWp-∂-Xp-amWv H∂mw Znh-ksØ IY-bn-se ZWvU-I-Øn-eqsS NnXo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv.CXn-hrØw

alm-`m-c-X-Øn¬ \n∂mWv DÆmbn hmcy¿ Xs‚ B´-°-Y-bpsS CXn-hrØwkzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \tfm-]m-Jym-\-Øn¬ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn hyXym-k-ß-sfm∂pwhcp-Øn-bn- n-√. F∂m¬ AXns‚ ]p\-cm-hn-jvI-c-W-a-√-Xm-\pw. Hcp BJym-\-ImhywZriy-Im-hy-am-Ip-tºmƒ GsX√mw Xc-Øn-ep≈ am‰-ßƒ thtWm AXmWv Ihnhcp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. IY-I-fn-bpsS A`u-a-amb A¥-co£w \jvS-s∏-Sp-ØmsX HuNn-Xy-]q¿∆w CXn-hrØ kwkvI-cWw \S-Øm-\mWv At±lw k∂-≤-\m-b-Xv.`mjm-coXn

B -°-Y-bnse t«mI-ßƒ ]mtbW kwkvIr-X-Ønepw ]Z-ßƒ aWn-]-hm-f-Øntem As√-¶n¬ ae-bm-f-Øntem Bbn-cn-°pI; Cß-s\-sbmcp hyhÿ tIm´bwIY-I-fnepw a‰pw ImWmw. F∂m¬ \f-N-cn-X-Øn¬ Cu \nbaw ]men-®n- n-√. \f-N-cn-X-Ønse t«mIßƒ \s√mcp `mKw aWn-]-hm-f-Øn-emWv. Hcp DZm-l-c-W-anXm ˛

]pØ≥ tX≥sam-gn-am¿ Ipe-Øn-\-cntbm ˛cpØw-kamw ss`an-X≥

NnØw Xm\Y ]Øn-\-©-h-\-dn˛™n∞w Irimw-Kym-Kncm

AXy-¥w-_X! apKv≤-tbm-S-\p-k-cn˛s®√m-a-dn-™o-Sp-hm˛

\ptZym-Kn®p hnZ-Kv≤\mw JK-h-c≥sshZ¿`n-tbm-Sp-‡-hm≥

CXn-hm-Nn-Im\n a[p-hm-Wn-X-∂psShZ-t\m-Zn-Xm\n lrZtb hl-∂kuXzcnXw ]d∂p \nj-t[µk∂n[ukIew PKmZ arK-tem-N-\m-aXw

F∂n-ßs\ kwkvIr-Xhpw ae-bm-fhpw XΩn-ep≈ CW°w sIm≠v c≠pwXncn-®-dn-bm≥ hnj-a-ap≈ t«mI-ßfpw \f-N-cn-X-Øn-ep-≠v. t]cn-\pamXw kwkvIr-Xw Ie¿Øn-bp-ff ae-bmf t«mI-ß-fpw ITn\ kwkvIr-X-Øn¬ Xs∂bp≈ t«mI-ßfpw Nne-t∏mƒ ImWmw. `mjsb kw_-‘n®v \nb-amb Hcp hyhÿ hmcy¿kzoI-cn-®n- n-s√-∂-XmWv ]c-am¿∞w. ]Z-ßƒ X\n kwkvIr-X-Ønepw ]tbm-Kn-®n- p-≈-Xn\v DZm-l-c-W-ß-fp-≠v. tXSnb h≈n Imen¬ Np‰n F∂ Bibw anfnXw ]Z-bp-Ktf \nK-f-Xbm am¿§n-X-bm-e-Xbm F∂v ]uV-kw-kvIr-X-Øn-emWv Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.



hnti-jy-Øn\pw hnti-j-W-Øn\pw enwK-h-N\ hn`-‡n-s∏m-cpØw thW-sa-∂Xv kwkvIr-X-Ønse \nb-X-am-Wv. `mj-bn¬ CXv km[m-c-W-a-√. DÆmbn hmcy¿ae-bmf hn -‡nbv°pw Cu s]mcpØw hcpØn Nne ]Z-ßƒ ]tbm-Kn-®n- p-≠v.

Ahn-Zn-X-\p IpXp-I-a-h-\m-ko¬(H∂mw Znh-kw)

\e-ap-s≈m-cp\-h-KpW ]cn-a-fs\\f-s\-s∂mcp \r]s\ Ahƒ hcn®p

(c≠mwZnh-kw)`qX-\m-b-Is\ \o `P arUs\

(aq-∂mw-Zn-h-kw)IqSm-sX, Xh- Rm-\p-]-Imcw Ipcymw, CNvO-bvs°m-Ø-h-gn-K-—\o (H-∂mw-Zn-h-

kw) Cu cytX F√mw t\sc tim -\-hm-Wn, apZm t\¿∂ t\¿®-Ifpw aa k -e-\m\n (\m-emw-Zn-h-kw) XpSßn hnNnX-amb ]tbm-K-ßƒ \f-N-cn-X-Øn¬ Ahn-S-hnsS ImWmw.

DÆmbn hmcycpsS mjm ]tbm-K-Øn¬ i≤n-°m-\p≈ as‰mcp kwKXn kµ¿ -Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v AXv efn-Xtam ITn-\tam Bhp∂p F∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. t«mI-am-sW-¶nepw ]Z-am-sW-¶nepw Cu ]tXyIX FSpØp ]d-bm≥ Ign-bpw. kzbw-h-c-Øn\p]pd-s∏´ \fs\ Xß-fpsS ZqX-\mbn Za-b-¥n-bpsS ASp-tØ°v Ab-bv°m≥ sImXn®vtZh-∑m¿ \fs\ kao-]n®v kw`m-jWw \S-Øp∂ cwK-Øns‚ Kmw`o-cyw,

‘ZnIvNtI apJ-co-Ir-tX-\r-]-X-Xn˛]ÿm-\-t -co-cssh ˛

∂n›-Ima \tfm-]n-\n-›n-X-a\mZptXm-]-lq-X-kzbw;

BK-—-¥-aapw ctY\ alXm`qjm-hn-ti-j-tjm-Pzew

tXjm-ta-j-hr-jm-P-KmZ IpXpIoX¬t]-jtW Xmw ]Xn’

F∂ t«mI-Øn¬ ]I-S-am-Wv. Za-b¥n hrØm¥w Adn-bn-°m≥ \fs‚ sIm´m-c-Øn-se-Øp∂ \mc-Zs\ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂,

\f- \-c-h-c-t\hw `qXew ImØp-hm-gp˛∂f-hn-e-h-\n-te‰w ]oXn-ssI-s°m-s≠m-cp-∂mƒanfn-X-c-k-sa-gp-∂-≈o-Sn-\m≥ X’-aot]\fn-\- -h-X-\q-P≥ \mc-Z≥ amap-\o-µ≥ ˛

F∂ t«mI-Ønse `mj FX kuayhpw efn-X-hpw BsW∂p t\m°p-I. `mjm]tbm-K-Øn-ep≈ Cu Hu-NnXyw \f-N-cn-X-Øn-ep-S-\ofw ImWmw.

IYm-]m-X-Øns‚ at\m- mhw amdp-∂-X-\p-k-cn®pw `mjbn¬ hyXn-bm\w kw -hn-°p∂ kµ¿`-ßƒ \f-N-cn-X-Øn-ep-≠v. c≠mw-Zn-h-ksØ IY-bnse Hcp cwKwChnsS Hm¿Ωn-°mw. Za-b¥o kzbw hc-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Ø-tijw kz¿§-Øn-te°v aS-ßp∂ tZh-∑m¿ hgn-bn¬ h®v Iensb ImWp-∂p. Za-b-¥n-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ kz]v\-ß-fp-ambn Ahsf hnhmlw sNøm≥ sImXn®v t]mhp-I-bmWv Ien. ‘\o t]mh-Xn-sX-ßp-Ite’ F∂ Cµs‚ tNmZy-Øn-\v,



`qan X∂n-sem≠p òa-kp-X-sb-s∂mcpIman\o Ia-e-tem-N\mIma-\o-b-I-Øn¬ [maw-t]m¬ AhƒX≥\maw tI´p Za-b-¥n-t]m¬bman Rm\-hsf bm\-bn-∏-Xn\pkzman-b-Xn\p hnS-X-cnI \oF∂mWv Ien-bpsS adp-]-Sn.\f-N-cn -X-Ønse aWn-]-hm-f-`mjtb-∏‰n F.-B¿ cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω Cßs\ ]d-™ncn°p∂p.-\-f-N-cn -X-Ønse `mj aWnbpw ]hm-fhpw Ie¿Øp-tN¿Ø-X-√.-kw-kvIr-X-am-Ip∂ sNºpw ae-bm-f-am--Ip∂ shfp-Øo-bhpw tN¿Øp-cp-°nb Hcp sh¶-e-`m-j-bm-Wv.ck-]-Im-i\w

kwkvIr-X-\m-S -I-ß-fnepw a‰pw ImWp-∂-Xp-t]mse GsX-¶nepw HcpcksØ AwKn-bmbn Iev]n®v AXns\ Iam-\p-K-X-ambn hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-°p∂coXn-sbm∂pw B´-°-Y-I-fn¬ C√. F∂m¬ DÆmbn hmcy¿ Cu hnj-b-Ønepw a\ v h®n-cn-°p-∂p. iywKm-c-amWv \f-N-cn-X-Ønse Aw-Kn-bmb ckw.

ssào \f-∑m-cm-Ip∂ Bew-_-hn-`m-h-ßsf Bi-bn®p \n¬°p∂ cXnF∂ ÿmbo `mhw ]c-kv]c KpW-i-h-W-Øm¬ D∑n-jn-X-am-bn´v \mc-tZm-]-tZ-i-Ømepw lwk ZuXy-Ømepw ÿnco-`-hn®v \fs‚ Cµm-Zn-Iƒ°p-th-≠n-bp≈ ZuXyw apX-emb hnLv\-ß-fpsS Ah-km-\-Øn¬ Cf°n h®p-d-∏n-®-Xp-t]mse ]q¿∆m-[nI ]uVntbmsS thcq-∂o-Ø-g®v kzbw-h-c-a-WvU-]--Øn¬h®v k^-eo-`-hn-°p-∂p. A`n-em-j-hn-]-ew-`-Øns‚ kpµ-c-amb ]Im-i-\-amWvH∂mw Znh-ksØ IY-bn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv. ]c-kv]--c -KpW ih-W-Øm¬ A\p-c-‡-cm-bn-Øo¿∂ Za-b¥o \f-∑mcpsS _mly-`m-h-ßsf hni-Zo-I-cn-°m-\√ adn®vkq£va-`m-h-ß-fn-te°v A\p-hm-N-I-i≤ BI¿jn-°m-\mWv Ihn ian-°p-∂-Xv. A\p-cmKw hnI-kz-cm-h-ÿsb ]m]n-°p-∂-Xns‚ ]›m-Øew IqSn hy‡-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Za-b-¥n-bpsS t\¿°p≈ Xs‚ A\p-cmKw DNn-X-am-sW∂v\mc-tZm-‡n-bn-eqsS t_m≤yw h∂-t∏m-gmWv Za-b-¥n-bpsS t\¿°p≈ A\p-cmKw A¶p-cn-®n-´p-≠m-Iptam F∂v \f≥ kwi-bn-°p-∂-Xv. ‘s]Æn-s\m-cm-Wn-semcp t]a-Xm-a-c-bv°n∂p Iµ¿∏≥ thW-sat√m Iµw ka¿∏n-bXpw’ t]tam-Z-b-Øn-\p≈ B t]c-W-sb-°p-dn®v Cß-s\-bmWv \f≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. t]a-km-êyw D≠m-Ip-∂n-s√-¶nepw Imap-In, X∂n¬ A\p-c-‡-\m-sW-∂-dn-™m¬Imap-I\v Biz-kn-°m-a-t√m. lw-k-Zu-Xy-Øn-eqsS CXmWv km[n-°p-∂-Xv. Za-b-¥nsb \f-\n¬ A\p-cm-Kn-Wn-bm-°n-Øo¿°pI F∂ `mcw lwkw Gs‰-SpØv IWvUn-\-Øn-te°v t]mIp-∂p. Za-b-¥n-bpsS \fm-`n-em-jhpw kam-¥-c-ambn NnXo-I-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. \f-Kp-W-ß-sf-°p-dn®v tI´-dn™ Z-a-b¥n tI´-dn™Za-b¥n Imam-Xn-lp-l-\-\n- -l-bmbn, Bcm-a-k-©-cWw Xs∂ AXn-Zpx-J-Im-c-W-sa∂v ]d™v ]c-h-i--bm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. lwk-tØmSv Xs‚ at\m-cYw F√mwXpd∂p ]d™ Za-b-¥n-sb, sN-∂nXp ]d-h≥ \r]--t\m-S-`n -emjw F∂m¬\n∂n-ep-≠m-a-h\pw ]cn-tXmjw F∂v ]d™v B-iz-kn-∏n®v lwkw aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-∂p. Za-b-¥o-\-f-∑m-cpsS ]W-b-eX th-cq∂n ]pjvSn ]m]n-°p-∂Xvlwk-Zu-Xy-Øn-eq-sS-bm-Wv.

AwKn-c-k-amb irwKm-c-sØ-t]m-jn-∏n-°m≥ a‰p ck-ßfpw ]bp-‡-am-bn-´p -≠v. lwk-hn-em-]-Øn¬ IcpWw an∂¬s°m-Sn-bn-dßn F∂p lwk-]-th-i-Ønepw XnckvIc-Wo-bp-]-tbm-Kn®v \f≥ Za-b¥o khn-[-sa-Øp-∂n-SØpwkzbw-hc aWvU--]-Ønse tZh-∑m-cpsS ]th-i-Ønepw Ah-cpsS A\p-K-l-Ønepw A¤pXw, cm£-k-Zm-\-h-∑m-cpsS kw`m-j-W-Øn¬ hoc-cu-Z-ßƒ,Cµm-Zn -I-tfm-Sp≈ \fs‚ hm°p-I-fn¬ `‡n, Chsb√mw A\p-k-t‘-b-am-Wv.



kwKo-X-am-[pcnkwKo-X-Ønepw \fN-cn-X-Øns‚ ÿm\w ap≥]-¥n-bn¬ Xs∂-bm-Wv. Cc-

bn-Ω≥ Xºn-bp-sSbpw tIm´-b-Øp≈ Xºp-cm-s‚bpw B´-°-Y-I-fnse Nne ]Z-ßƒ Cu Awi-Øn¬ \f-N-cn-XsØ AXn-i-bn-°p-∂-Xmbn Nne¿°v A`n-]m-b-ap-≠v. ]t£ ChnsS as‰mcp kwKXn Hm¿Ωn-°-Ww. Nn´ ][m-\-amb B´-°-Y-I-fnse ]Z-ß-fpsS cwK-Xm-f-ßfpw Bhn-jvI-c-Whpw Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠m-hpw.tIm´bw IY-Ifpw a‰pw B coXn-bn-ep-≈-Xm-Wv. \f-N-cn-X-Ønse kwKoXw kmln-Xy-hp-am-bn-IqSn _‘-ap-≈-Xm-Wv. ck `mh-ßƒ°-\p-kr-X-am-bn-´mWv AXns‚\ne Ihn lrZ-b-Ønse hnIm-c-hn-Nm-c-ß-fp-ambn CW-ßn-t®¿∂ kwKo-X-am-Wn-hn-sS-bp-≈-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ IYm-]m-X-ß-fpsS B¥-cnI `m-h-ßƒ Bhn-jvI-cn-°m≥ Cu kwKoXw ka¿∞-am-hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. \f-N-cn-X-Øns‚ cwK-hn-P-b-Øn-\p≈ Imc-W-ß-fn¬ H∂v AXns‚ kwKo-X-am-Wv. ‘IpWvVn\ \mb-I-\-µn-\n....; ‘]nb-am-\-km.....’ ‘I≠m-e-Xbpw IuXp-I.....’ ‘Du¿÷n-Xm-i-bm.....’XpSßn kwKo-X-]-[m-\-amb \nc-h[n ]Z-ßƒ H∂mw Znh-ksØ I-Y-bn¬Ø-s∂-bp-≠v.

IYm-]m-X-ßƒB´-°-Y-bnse IYm-]m-X-ßƒ km[m-c-W-bmbn shdpw amXrIIfm-Wv. AXp-

sIm≠v Ah-bn -e-[n -Ihpw \n¿÷o-hhpw Bkzm-ZI lrZ-bsØ BI¿jn-°mØhbpw BsW∂v Bt£-]-ap-≠v. IY-Ifn temIsØ ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ°p-≈n¬\n∂p-sIm≠v Xs∂ hy‡n-Xz-ap≈ IYm-]m-X-ßsf Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ ]Xn-`m-im-en-bmb Nne B´-°-Ym-Im-c-∑m¿°v Ign-™n-´p-≠v. Ah-cn¬ BZyw kvacn-°-s∏-tS-≠Xv DÆmbn hmcy-cm-Wv. kq£va-X-tbmsSbp≈ IYm-]mX krjvSn. \mS-Io-b-amb Ah-X-cWw Ch-sIm≠v ]q¿Æ-X-bn-seØn \n¬°p∂ B´-°Y \f-N-cnXw amX-am-Wv. IYm-]m-X-ß-fpsS _mly-]-Ir-Xn-bn-tesd B¥-cnI mh-ßƒ°p]m[m\yw \¬In-s°m-≠p≈ NnXWw ]mX-kr-jvSn-bn¬ Hcp \√ Im¬h-bv∏m-bn-cp-∂p.

H∂mw ZnhkØnse IYm-]m-X-ß-sf-sbm∂v i≤n-°mw. [otcm-Zm-Ø-\m-b-Is‚ kIe e£-W-ßfpw XnI-™-bm-fm-Wv \f-N-cn-X-Ønse \mb-I-\mb \f≥.‘B ko¬]p-cm....’ F∂v t«mI-Øn-eq-sSbpw, ‘Ac-a-Xm-anXm IuXp-I....’ F∂]Z-Øn-eq-sSbpw \fs‚ KpW-hn-ti-j-ß-sf√mw AhXcn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. t]ahpw[¿Ωhpw XΩn¬ As√-¶n¬ hnIm-chpw hnth-Ihpw XΩn¬ D≈ kwL-´-\-Øns‚IY-bmWv \fs‚ Po-hn-Xw. Cu kwL-´-\-Øns‚ KXn XpS°w apXte ImWmw.cmP-ti-jvT-\mbn cmPy-`mcw \n¿∆-ln-®n-cp∂ \f≥ Za-b-¥n-bpsS KpW-K-W-ßƒtI´-tXmsS ]W-bm-[o-\-\m-bn-Øo¿∂p. Aß-s\-bn-cns°bmWv \mc-Zs‚ hchpwZ-a-b-¥nsb `mcy-bm-°m-\p≈ D]-tZ-ihpw AtXmsS \fs‚ A\p-cmKw h¿≤n-®p.A\p-cmK ]c-h-i-\mb \f≥ cmPy-`mcw a¥nsb Gev]n®v DZym-\-Øn-se-Øn.Ahn-sS-h-®p≈ lwk-Z¿i-\--Øn-eqsS \fs‚ A`n-emjw km[n-X-am-hm-\p≈ hgnsXfn-™p. lwk-tØm-Sp≈ s]cp-am‰w \f-\nse `qX-Z-bm-]-c-\mb cmPm-hn-s\-bmWv Im´n-Ø-cp-∂-Xv. \fs‚ kz`m-hn-ssh-injvSyw Gsd ]I-S-am-Ip-∂ Hcp kµ¿`-amWv At±lw tZ-h-Zq-X-\mbn Za-b¥o khn-X-Øn-se-Øp-∂-Xv. ss`ao Imap-I-\m-bn-cp-∂n´pw Hcp DØ-a-Zq-Xs‚ IS-a-Iƒ ka¿∞-ambn \n¿-∆-ln-°p-∂-Xn¬ \f≥]I-Sn-∏n® XymKhpw [oc-Xbpw tZh-∑m-sc-t∏mepw A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øn. tZh-∑m-cpsS ]co£Wß-sf√mw AXn-Po-hn®v \f≥ Za-b-¥nsb hnhmlw sNøp-IbpwtZh-∑m-cpsS A--\p-K-l-Øn\v ]mX-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp.



imeo-\-X, hn\-bw, HuZm-cyw, BZ¿i-ip≤n, [ocX apX-emb kZvKp-W-ß-fpsS hnf-\n-e-amWv \mbn-I-bmb Za-b-¥n. \f-Kp-W-ßƒ tI´v A\p-cm-K-]-c-h-i-bmb Za-b¥n tXmgn-am-tcm-sSmØv DZym-\-Øn-seØn ]Wbkm-^-ey-Øn-\mbntZh-Z-º-Xn-am-scbpw ap\nKrln-Wn-am-scbpw hnfn®v ]m¿∞n-°p∂ NnX-amWv IhnBZyw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. DZym-\-Øn-se-Ønb lwk-sØ-°≠v IuXpIw ]q≠vAXns\ ]nSn-°m-s\m-cp-ßp∂ Za-b¥n buh\w h∂p-Zn-®n´pw sNdp∏w sNdp-Xm-hmØ ]Ir-X-amWv ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. lwkw \f-\-K-c-Øn¬ \n∂p hcp-∂-h-\m-sW∂dn™-tXm-sS, Ipe-I-\y-I-am-cm¬ lrZn Kpl-\obw hkvXp ]d-™p-IqSmF∂-dn-bm-hp-∂-h-fm-bn´pw Xs‚ \fm-`n--emjw Za-b¥n shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn. Ah-fpsSA\p-cm-K-Zm¿Vyw, Bfl-ss[cyw, ]Xn-h-Xm-hn-ip≤n Ch-sb√mw ]Xy-£-am-Ip∂Ah-k-c-amWv \fs‚ tZh-Zu-Xy--cw-Kw. tZh-Zq-X-\mb \fs‚ ]tem-`-\-ßfpw òj-Wn-bp-sam∂pw Za-b-¥n-bpsS ASpØv hne-t∏m-bn-√. kzbw-hc aWvU-]-Øn¬ h®vtZh-∑m¿ \S-Ønb A·n-]-co-£bpw Za-b-¥nbv°v AXn-Po-hn-°m≥ Ign-™XvAh-fpsS Nmcn-X-ip≤n sIm≠m-Wv. tZh-∑m-tcm-Sp≈ Za-b-¥n-bpsS ]m¿∞-\-bn¬ ssZ\y-Øns‚ kzc-a√ adn®v hnip-≤n-sIm-≠p≈ ss[cy-amWv sXfn-bp-∂-Xv.AtXm-sS-bmWv ]km-Zn® tZh-∑m¿ ]Xy-£-cmbn A-\p-Klw \¬Ip-∂-Xv.

H∂mwZnh-k-Ønse as‰mcp IYm-]m-X-amWv lwkw. Du¿÷n-Xm-i-b\pw hnZ-Kv[-\p-amb Hcp Aa-c-J-K-h-c-\mbn hmcy¿ lwksØ NnXo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-XvHuZmcyw, \bNm-Xp-cn, a\p-jy-lr-Z--b-⁄m-\w, \nkzm¿∞-amb ]tcm-]-Im-c-X-ev]-c-X Ch-sbm-s°-bmWv lwk-Øn¬ ImWp∂ KpW-hn-ti-j-ßƒ. cm-Pmhv AXns\tamNn-∏n-®-tX-bp-≈q, cmPm-hn\v D-]-Imcw sNøm≥ k∂-≤-\mbn lwkw At±-l-Øns‚ ASp-sØ-Øn-°-gn-™p. Za-b-¥n-bpsS KpW-K-W-ßƒ h¿Æn-®p-tIƒ∏n®p\fs\ ]oXn-s∏-Sp-ØpI amX-a-√, Ahsf \f-\n¬ A\p-cm-Kn-Wn-bm-°m-\p≈`mchpw lwkw Gs‰-Sp-Øp. IWvUn-\-Øn-se DZym-\-ØnseØp∂ Ah≥ FXhnZ-Kv[-am-bmWv Xs‚ ZuXyw \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂-Xv. C\n-sbm-cSn \S-∂m¬ In´ptassI°-se∂p Za-b-¥n°p tXm∂-Ø-°-hn[w \S∂v Ahsf tXmgn-am-cn¬ \n∂I‰nkc-k-ambn kw`m-j-W-am-cw-`n-®p. Za-b¥nbpsS \fm-`n-emjw Ah-fpsS tNjvS-I-fn¬ \n∂-dn-bpIamX-a-√, hmNm]n ]d-bn-s®m-∂n-f°n h®p-d-∏n-®nt´ Ac-b∂wAhnsS \n∂p t]mcp-∂p-≈q. AXp-sIm-≠mWv ‘k‘n-∏n-t®≥ Xh Jep-a\w ssàn-X≥ am\-k-tØm-Sn-µ≥ Xmt\ hcn-In-en-fIm’ F∂v ss[cy-ambn \f-t\mSv ]d-bm≥ km[n-®-Xv.

Gj-Wnbv°v \S-t∏≥ Rm≥ Ggp c≠p temI-Ønepw F∂p ]d-™p-sIm-≠p-h-cp∂ \mc-Z≥, Cµm-Z-Iƒ, cm£-k-Zm-\-h-∑m¿, òa-a-lm-cm-Pmhv, kc-kz-Xo-tZhn Cßs\ H∂mw Znh-ksØ IY-bn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ IYm-]m - X-ßƒs°√mw khn-ti-j-amb hy‡n-Xz-am-Wp-≈-Xv.

DÆm-bn-hm-cy-cpsS IYm-]m-XkrjvSnsb-°p-dn®v ]d-bp-tºmƒ Hcp kµ¿`w]tXyIw FSpØp ]d-tb-≠-Xp-≠v. Im´m-fs‚ D]-Z-h-Øn¬ \n∂v Hcp hn[wc£-s∏´ Za-b¥n bmX Xp-S¿∂v At∏m-gmWv Ipd-®-Ise Hcp I®-hS kwLw\oßp-∂Xv Za-b-¥n-bpsS i≤bn¬s∏-´-Xv. B P\-kw-LsØ e£y-am°n \S∂psN√p∂ Za-b-¥nsb I≠v Ah-cpsS ]Xn-I-c-W-sa-¥m-bn-cps∂t∂m!

‘t]h-∂o-Sp--∂n-sX-∂m¿ Nne s]cp-h-gn-t]m˛°Øn-\-s∂-∂p-tI-Nn¬

`mhw t\m°n-±-bm-hm-\-h-sf-S-`n-Zt[Xky-km¿∞-ky-\m-Y≥’



Cßs\ Bƒ°q-´-Øn¬ \n∂v Bfp-I-fpsS X-c-t`-Z-ßsf hm°p-sIm≠v [z\n-∏n-®n--´p-≈Xv Ihn-bpsS ]mX-c-N-\-bn-ep≈ i≤-bpsS ê-am-sW∂v Ipń-Ir-jvW-am-cm¿ Nq≠n-°m-Wn--°p-∂p.

\mS-Io-bXa‰v B´-°-Y-bn¬ \n∂v \f-N-cn-XsØ th¿Xn-cn®p \n¿Øp∂ ][m-\-s∏´

Hcwiw \mS-ItØmSp≈ AXns‚ ASp-∏-amWv F∂p IcpXn kwkvIr-X-\m-S-I-ß-fpsS N´-°q-ń¬ \f-N-cn-XsØ Xf-®n-Sm-s\m-cp-ßp-∂Xv kml-k-am-bn-cn-°pw.IYm-L-S-\, ck-Kpw-^-\w, IYm-]m-X-kr-jvSn, kwL¿jm-fl-IX Ch-bn-se√mw\f-N-cn-X-Øn\v \mS-I-km-Zr-iy-am-Wp-≈-Xv.

apJw, ]Xn-ap-Jw, K¿`w, hna-iw, \n¿∆-lWw F∂o ]©-k-‘n-Iƒ \f-N-cn-X-Øns‚ IYm-L-S-\-bnepw ka-\z-bn-°mw. lwkw \f-t\mSv ktµ-i-I-Y\w sNøp-∂Xp hsc apJ-k-‘n-bp-sS-bpw ]pjv-XIcs‚ NqXp-hsc ]Xn-ap-J-k-‘n-bp-sSbpwNqXp-ap-X¬ Imń¬ h®p≈ th¿]mSp hsc K¿ -k-‘n-bp-sSbpw, th¿]m-Sn\p tijwEXp-]¿Æ≥sc ]p\¿hn-hml Ka\w hsc hna¿i\ k‘n-bp-sSbpw ]p\¿hn-hm-l-K-a\w apX¬ Ah-km\w hsc \n¿∆-l-W-k-‘n-bp-sSbpw e£-W-ßƒ Is≠-Ømw.

IYm-L-S-\-sb kw_-‘n-s®-∂-Xp-t]mse ck-Kpw-^-\-Ønepw \f-N-cn-X-Øn¬\mS-I-Zr-iy-ß-fp-≠v. CtX-°p-dn®v bix-i-co-c-\mb sI.-sI. cmPm ]d-™n-´p≈A`n-]mbw Cß-s\-bmWv; \f-N-cn -X-Øn¬ \mbnIm \mb-I-∑m¿ AhcpsSD¬°¿j-Øn-\p-th≠n bXv\n-°p∂ \mcZ lwk-tZ-hm-Zn-Iƒ, ]Xn-\m-b-I≥Ahs‚ klm-bn-Iƒ Cß-s\-bp≈ ]mX-ß-fpsS ]hr-Øn-I-fpsS e-ambn Ah-km-\-Øn¬ \mbn-Im-\m-b-I-∑m-cpsS cXn F∂ ÿmbo `mhw sXfn™p hnf-ßp-∂p. Cu cXn ]c-kv]c KpW-i-h-W-Øm¬ Cuj-Zp-∑n-jn-X-ambn lwk-Zq-Xn-\mepw\mc-tZm-]-tZ-i-Ømepw ÿnc-ambn Ipd-®p-Imew h¿≤-am-\-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. Cµm-Zn-Iƒ°p-th-≠n-bp≈ ZuXyw apX-emb hnLv\-ßƒ°p-tijw ]q¿∆m-[nIw hnI-kn®v hnhm-l-cw-K-Øn¬ h®v ên-°p-∂p. A\-¥cw kwt`m-Km-h-ÿn-bn¬Aev]Imew tim`n-°p-∂p. cmPy-`w-i-Øn\p tij-ap≈ hymtam-l-sa∂ hntcm-[n-`m-h-Øm¬ Xnc-kvIr-X-am-Ip-∂p. A\-¥cw al¿jn-am-cpsS Bin- n-\mepw,Im¿t°m-S-Is‚ Bin- n-\mepw D≠mb Bisb Bi-bn®v aßn an∂n°nS∂cXn, Ien-_m-[-bm-Ip∂ hymtamlw Xo¿∂-t∏mƒ A[nIw tim`n-°p-∂p. CXvho≠pw ]p\- -am-K-a-Øn¬ kwt`m-K-irw-Km-c-am-bn-Øs∂ ]cn-W-an-°p-∂p. Cßs\BZn-ap-X¬ Ah-km\w hsc NqXn\p hnfn-bnse hocw, lwk-hn-em] Za-b-¥n-hn-em-]m-Zn-I-fnse Icp-Ww, Ien-tbm-Sp≈ \f-hm-Iy-Øn¬ cuZw, hm¿jvtW-jbhmIy-amb Bcøm.... F∂ kµ¿`-Øn¬ A¤pXw F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ AwK-c-k-ß-tfmSp IqSnb irwKmc ck-Øn-es‚ KXn-bn¬ \mS-Io-b-amb Hcp cmam-Wo-bIw hnf-bm-Sn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.\f-N-cn-X-Ønse ]mX-kr-jvSn-bnepw \mS-Io-bX \√-Xp-t]mse hy‡-am-Ip-∂p-≠v.hmcy-cpsS \f≥

ë ‘]JymX hwtim cmP¿jnx[otcm-ZmØ ]Xm-]-hm≥Znthym-Y-Zn-hy-Znhym hmKpW-hm≥ \mb-tIm-aXx’

F∂ e£-W-]-Imcw [otcm-Zm-Ø-\m-sW-¶nepw e£-W-sam-∏n-°m≥ th≠na\p-jy-km-[m-c-W-ß-fmb hnIm-c-ßsf AS-°p-∂n-√. Za-b¥n, Ipeo-\-X-bn¬ If¶w]‰m-Xn-cn-°m≥ i≤n-®n-´p-s≠¶nepw Ic-bm≥ aSn-°p-∂n-√. \mc-Z≥, lwkw XpS-ßnb IYm-]m-X-ßsf t\m°n-bmepw khn-ti-j-amb hy‡n-Xz-tØmsS Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m≥ Ihn i≤n-®n-´ps≠∂v t_m[y-am-Ipw.



\mS-Io-bX h¿≤n-∏n-°p∂ apJy-amb Hcp Awi-amWv kwL¿jm-fl-I-X.A¥x-kw-L¿jhpw _mly-kw-L¿jhpw amdn amdn A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp∂ cwK-ß-fm-[n-Ipw. \f-\n¬ A\p-cm-tKm-Z-b-Øns‚ XpS°w A¥x-kw-L¿j-Øns‚bpwXpS°w Ipdn-°p-∂p. Cu kwL¿jw hnhm-l-cwKw hsc ]e L´-ß-fn-embnhnImkw ]m]n-°p-∂p-≠v. Za-b-¥n-bpsS a\- nepw kwL¿j-Øns‚ Xcw-K-ßƒ Db¿∂p hcp-∂p-≠v. H∂mw Znh-ksØ IY-bn¬ Cu A¥x-kw-L¿jwAXns‚ ]mc-ay-Øn-se-Øp-∂Xv tZh-Zq-X-\mb \f\pw Za-b-¥nbpw I≠p-ap-´p∂cwK-Øn-em-Wv. Xm\m-sc∂v shfn-s∏-Sp-ØmsX Imap-In-bpsS ASpØv sN∂v as‰m-cmsf `¿Øm-hmbn kzoI-cn-°-W-sa∂v ]d-tb-≠n-h-cp∂ \fs‚ a\- v, Nmcn-X-ip-≤n-bp-≈-h-fm-bn´pw tZh-∑m-cpsS ]co-£-W-Øn\p hnt[-b-am-Ip∂ Za-b-¥n-bpsS a\- v, c≠pw kwL¿j-]q-cn-X-am-Wv.

\mepZnh-ksØ IYsb \me-¶-ambpw t«mI-ßsf cwK-hn-t—-Z-I-ß-fm-bn´pwIcp-Xp-∂-Xm-bm¬ C∂sØ \mS-I-ß-fpsS Iq´-Ønepw \f-N-cnXw IY-I-fnbv°p]th-i-ap-≠m-Ipw. \mc-Z≥ kz]v\-h-hm-k-h-Z-Ø-Ønse buK-‘-cm-b-W-s\-t∏mse IYm-\n¿∆m-l-I-\m-Wv. \f-N-cnXw aqe-Ønse Ien ImØp-\n¬°p∂]¥≠p sIm√sØ IYbpw, Za-b-¥n-bpsS kzm¿∞-hm-l-I-t\m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp≈Zo¿L-bm-Xbpw hnh-cn-®n-´n-s√-∂n-cns° ÿeIm-em-\p-cq]yw Ign-bp-∂n-S-tØmfwhcp-Øp-hm≥ hmcy¿ i≤n-®n-´p-s≠∂v hnNm-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. LS-\, ckw, ]mX-krjvSn, kw`-h sshNnXyw, _mly-kz-cq-]w F∂n-h-bn¬ \mS-I-tØmSv GXm-s≠mcp kwPmXyw \f-N-cnXw IY-I-fn-bv°p-≠v.(sI.sI cmPm)

A`n-\b tbmKyX\f-N-cnXw B´-°-Y-bpsS A`n-\-b-tbm-Ky-X-sb-°p-dn®v C∂v c≠-`n-]m-b-an-

√. F∂m¬ Hcp ImeØv tIm´bw IrXn-Iƒ t]mse Nn´-]-[m-\-amb IY-I-fn-bp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNbvXXv \f-N-cnXw Ifn-b-c-ßn¬ ]cm-P-b-amWv F∂v hn[n-sb-gp-Xnb ]WvUn-X-∑m¿ Xs∂bp≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ‘apZ ImWn-°m≥ kuI-cy-ap-≈-hn[w EPp-hmb ]Z-ß-fn-√, A\zb t¢iw \S-∑msc hnj-an-∏n-°pw. A`n-\-b-Øn\p X° hI-bn-√, thj-ssh-hn-[y-Øn\p th≠X ÿm\-an√’ Cßs\ IpsdImc-W-ß-fmWv C°q-´¿ ]d-™Xv \f-N-cnXw \mep-Zn-h-ksØ IYbpw cwKØvH∂m-¥-c-ambn hnP-bn-°p∂p F∂p h∂-tXmsS ap≥]-d™ Btcm-]-W-ß-sf√mwASn-ÿm-\-c-ln-X-am-sW∂p sXfn-™p.

Hcp IY tim`n-°m≥ klm-bn-°p∂ LS-I-ßƒ ]e-Xm-Wv. sshhn-≤y-am¿∂ cwK-ß-fpsS kar-≤n-bmWv AXn-sem-∂v. \f-\m-c-Z-k-am-K-aw, \fs‚ Bfl-K-Xw, DZym-\w, lwkhpw \f\pw, IpWvUn-\-Ønse DZym-\w, lwkhpw Za-b-¥nbpw, lwkw \fs‚ Acn-In¬, \mc-Z≥ kz¿§-Øn¬, Cµm-Zn-Iƒ \fs\ImWp-∂p, \f≥ tZh-Zq-X-\mbn Za-b-¥n-bpsS ASp-Øv, \f≥ Cµm-Zn-I-tfmSvZqXns‚ hnhcw Adn-bn-°p-∂p, cm£-k-Zm-\-h-∑m¿ kzbw-hc aWvU]w Cßs\H∂n-s\m∂v sXm´v sshhn-[y-am¿∂ cwK-ß-fmWv H∂mw Znh-ksØ IY-bn-ep-f-f-Xv.

thj-ssh-hn-[y-amWv as‰mcp LS-Iw, \f≥, `oa≥, Cµ≥ (]-®), ba≥ (I-dp-Ø-IØn), lwkw (ap-JØv ]tXy-I-amb tX∏pw sIm°pw), \mc-Z≥ (an-\p-°v), Za-b-¥n, tXmgn (an-\p-°v), cm£-k-Zm-\-\-h-∑m¿ (I-Øn, XmSn) Cßs\kmam\yw sshhn-[y-amb thj-ßƒ H∂mw Znh-k-Øn-ep-≠v.

kwL-´-\m-fl-I-X-bmWv cwK-hn-P-b-Øn-\p≈ as‰mcp LS-Iw, IYm-]m-X-



ß-fpsS B¥-cnI kwL¿j-tØ-°mƒ _mlykwL-´-\-Øn\p ]m[m\yw sImSp-Ø-h-cmWv an° B´-°-Ym-Im-c-∑m-cpw. \f-N-cn-X-Ønepw _mly-kw-L-´-\-Øn\pÿm\-ap-≠v. H∂mw Znh-ksØ IY-bn¬ cm£-k-∑mcpw Akp-c-∑mcpw kzbw-h-c-Øn-s\-Øp∂ kµ¿`w Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°mw. F∂m¬ AXn-tesd IYm-]m-X-ß-fpsS am\-knI kwL¿j-Øn\p ]m[m\yw sImSpØp F∂-XmWv ]c-am¿∞w,]c-kv]c KpW-i-h-W-Øm¬ A\p-cm-K-]-c-h-imcnØo¿∂ \f-s‚-bpw Za-b-¥n-bp-sSbpw a\ v hnhm-l-cwKw hsc kwL¿j-`-cn-X-am-bmWv h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xv.tZh-Zq-X-\mb \f\pw Za-b-¥nbpw I≠p-ap-´p∂ kµ¿`-amWv H∂mw Znh-k-ØnseG‰hpw hnIm-c-\n¿`-c-amb cwKw.

a‰v B´-°-Y-Iƒ t]mse \f-N-cnXw A`n-\-bn-°m≥ km[n-°pI-bn√ F∂Xpicn-bm-Wv. Nn´ ][m-\-amb IY-I-fn-eqsS amXw ]cn-N-bn®p hcp-∂-h¿ \f-N-cn-XØnseØptºmƒ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Itb D≈q. ]t£ AXn\v Ip‰-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xv\f-N-cn-X-tØ-bmtWm Ft∂ kwi-b-ap-≈q. a‰p IY-I-fn¬ Iøpw Imepw (ap-Zbpw Iem-i-hpw) aXn-sb-¶n¬ \f-N-cn-X-Øn¬ apJhpw IÆp-amWv th≠-Xv.`mhm-`n -\-b-Øn-\mWv ChnsS ap≥ssI. \f≥, Za-b-¥n, lwkw, \mc-Z≥Ch¿s°√mw A`n-\-bn-°m≥ hI-bp-≠v. \f-N-cn-X-Øns‚ kwKo-X-am-[p-cnbpwAXns‚ cwK-hn-P-b-Øn\p klm-b-I-am-bn-´p-≠v.

\f-N-cnXw B´-°-Y-sb-°p-dn®v F.-B¿. cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω ]d-™n-´p≈ A`n-]mbw C]-Im-c-am-Wv.- kwKo-X-km-ln-Xy-ßƒ c≠pw H∂p-t]mse ]e amXn-cn-bnepw \bn-°m-hp-∂-Xn-\m-ep≈ k¿∆tXm-∑p-J-X, ]Ir-Xn-kn-≤-amb Kmw`o-cyw,DZm-c-amb _‘w, kzI-t]m-e-I-ev]n-X-ß-fmb \qX-\-`w-Kn-Iƒ, Btem-Nn-°p-t¥mdpw Ah-km-\n-°msX \o≠p t]mIp∂ hywKym¿∞-Øns‚ _mlpeyw,]tbmK sshNn-Xy-ß-fm-ep≈ hyp¬]mZ-IX F√m hnj-b-Øn-ep-ap≈ t£mZ-£-a-X, CXp-Iƒ \f-N-cn-XsØ aWn-]-hmf IrXn-I-fn¬ ]Y-a-K-W-\o-b-am-°n-®-a®n-cn-°p-∂p.



samUypƒ 4IrjvW-KmY

]m´v F∂ kmln-Xy-cq -]-Øns‚ ]mc-ºcykz`m-h-Øn¬\n∂p sXs√m∂phyXn -N-en®v ip≤ ae-bm-f -Øn¬, ISw-sIm-≈mØ hrØ-Øn¬ \n¿Ωn®IrXn -bmWv IrjvW-Km -Y. tIc-f -Ønse BZysØ alm-Im -hy -ambn CuIrXnsb Icp-Xp-∂p. tIc-fo-b-cpsS Pohn-X-Ønepw ae-bmf Imhy-`m-j-bnepw\ n¿Wm -b -I - amb kzm[o -\w sNep -Øp -hm≥ Cu IrXn°p Ig n -™p .efnXkwkvIr -X-]-Z -ßfpw ip≤ae-bmf]Z-ßfpw tIm¿Øn-W-°n -bn -´p -≈-XmWv Irj vW -Km -Y -b nse `mjm -ssi -e n (kz¿§m - tcm -lW IY -b n¬kwkvIrXkº-∂-amb `mj ImWp-∂p). aWn-]-hmf kmln-Xy-Øns‚ A¥-ss›-X-\yhpw kwkvIrX]`mhw Ipd™ efn-X-tIm-a -f -amb ]Zm-h-en -bp -amWv IrjvW-Km-Y-bn¬ km¿∆-Xn -I-ambn ImWp-∂-Xv.

]m´p -]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ hf¿®-bpsS L´-Ønse IrXn-bmWv IrjvW-Km-Y.cma-N-cn -X-Øn¬\n∂p \ncWw IrXn-I-fn -eqsS hnI-kn-®p-h∂ ]m´p-km-ln-Xy-Øns‚ ASp-Ø-I-Æn-bm-Wn-Xv. ]m´p-km-lnXyw \qX-\-amb Hcp ]ŸmhpXnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xv ChnsS \mw ImWp-∂p. `mjm-]-c-ambn IÆ-»-∑m-cpsSIrXn-I-fn¬\n∂pw Gsd am‰-ßƒ Cu IrXn-bn¬ ImWmw. ]g-a-bpsS Awiwamdn ip≤ ae-bmfImhy-`mj cq]-s∏-Sp -∂-Xns‚ e£-W-ßƒ Cu IrXn-bn -ep -≠v. IrjvW-Km-Y-bn¬ P\-Iob Km\-hr-Ø-ß-fpsS ]cn-Wm-a-amb aRvPcnhrØw D]-tbm-Kn -®n -cn -°p-∂p. IrjvW-Km-Y-bnse emfn-Xy-Øns‚ kuµcywit≤-b-am -Wv. \ap°p \jvS -s∏´ \√ ae-bmf ]Z-ß-fpsS BIm-c -amWvIrjvW-Km-Y. ]uV-amb ]pcm-W-I-Y-bpsS Kmwòcyw tNm¿∂p-t]m-ImsXBhn-jvI-cn -°phm≥ ae-bmf `mjbv°p Ign-bp-sa∂v BZy-ambn sXfn-bn®IrXn-bmbn CXns\ Icp-Xmw. `mjm-N-cn -X-hn-Zym¿∞n-Iƒ°v Ah-K-Wn-°m-\m-hmØ KŸ-am-Wn-Xv.Imhy-\maw ˛ Ihn, Imew.

IrjvW-Km-Ysb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw KŸ-\m-aw, KŸ-I¿Ømhv F∂nhX¿°-hn-j-b-ß-fm-Wv. Cu Imhy-Øn\p IrjvW-Km-Y, IrjvW-∏m-´v, sNdp-t»-cn, sNdp-t»-cn-KmY F∂n-ßs\ ]e \ma-ßfpw \evI-s∏-ń -´p -≠v. F¶nepwIrjvW-Km-Y-sb-∂XmWv km¿∆-Xn-I-ambn AwKo-I-cn -®n-cn -°p-∂-Xv.

DØ-c-tIcf-Øn¬ hS-Ic tZiØp sNdp-t»cn C√sØ Hcp \ºq-Xn -cn -bmWv IrjvW-Km-Y-mIm-c-s\∂v ]n. tKmhn-µ-∏n -≈bpw ]n. -sI. \mcm-b-W-∏n-≈bpw ]d-bp-∂p. sI.-kn. \mcm-b-W≥ \ºym¿, Ip≠q¿ \mcm-bW tat\m≥F∂n-h¿ ]p\w \ºq-Xn -cn -bmWv KmYm I¿Ømhv F∂ A`n-]m-b-°m-cm-Wv.cmam -bWw Nºp-hns‚ I¿Øm-hmb ]p\w \ºq -Xn -cnbpw IrjvW-KmYmI¿Øm-hmb sNdp-t»-cnbpw HcmƒØ-s∂-bm-sW∂ A`n-]m-bhpw Ah-X-cn -∏n -°-s∏-Sp -I-bp-≠mbn. F∂m¬ CXn\p ]Xy-£-amb sXfn-hp -I-sfm-∂p-an -√. IrjvW-KmYmI¿Ømhv sNdp -t»cn \ºq-Xncn BsW-∂-XmWv C∂ps]mXp-hn¬ AwKo-I-cn -°-s∏-ń -cn -°p-∂-Xv.

tIme-Øncn cmPm-hmb DZ-b-h¿Ωs‚ Bin -X-\m -bn -cp∂p sNdp -t»-cn.At±-l-Øns‚ B⁄-]-Im-c-amWv KmY cNn-®-sX∂v ""B⁄bm tIme-`q -]ky ]m⁄-tkym-Z-b -h¿ΩWx-Ir-Xmbmw IrjvW-Km-Y-bmw....'' F∂p IrXn-bn¬ ImWp-∂-Xn¬\n∂p hy‡-am-Ip∂p. DZ-b-h¿Ω-bpsS `c-W-Imew F.-Un. 1446 apX¬ 1475 hsc-bm-sW∂p hy‡-am-°-s∏-ń -´p -≠v. AXn-\m¬ 15-˛mw \q‰m-≠nse IrXn-bmWv IrjvW-Km-Y-sb∂p a\- n-em-°mw.



CXn-hrØwKmYm hrØ-Øn¬ (aRvPcn) 8266 Cuc-Sn-I-fp-≈-XmWv sNdp-t»cn IrXn.

`mK-hXw Zi-a-kvI-µ-amWv IrjvW-Km-Y-bpsS apJym-h-ew-_w. `mK-h-X-ØnseGIm-Z-i-kvI-µ-sØbpw alm-`m-c-X-Ønse BZn-˛-au-k-e-˛-a-lm-]-ÿm-\-˛-kz¿Km-tcm-lW ]¿h-ß-sfbpw kµ¿`m-\p-k-cWw IrjvW-Km-Ym-Im-c≥ cN-\bv°v Bi-b-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. IrjvW-I-Ysb Bkv]-Z-am°n ap≥]pw ]n≥]pw h∂ Imhy-ßƒs°m∂pw In´mØ P\-]oXn IrjvW-Km-Ybv°p e`n-®Xv AXnse `mj-bpsS emfnXyw, kc-k-amb ]Xn-]m-Z-\-ssien F∂n-h-aq-e-am-Wv. DØ-c-tI-c-f-Øn¬ Cu IrXn hnti-j-Zn-h-k-ß-fn¬ ]mcm-bWw sNbvXp-h-∂n-cp-∂p.IrjvW-KmY: aX-t`-Z-ßƒsI. tKmZ-h¿Ω : kwkvIrX hnÌvXy¥-ß-fmb ]Z-ßsf Iqń-°-e¿Øn tIc-f-Øn-ep-≠mb aWn-]-hmf ]ÿm-\sØ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n -°p-hm-\m-bn-cp -∂n√IrjvW-KmYmI¿Øm-hns‚ Dt±-iyw. Nnse-S-sØ-¶nepw `mjm-kw-kvIr-X-tbm-K-amb aWn-]-hm-f-Øns‚ kz`mhw ]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂ps≠¶nepw ]mk-Øn-\p-th≠n]tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈ kwkvIr-X-]-Z-ßsf Hgn-hm-°n-bm¬ IrjvW-Km-Y-bnse `mj]Ir-jvS-amb ssIc-fo-ssN-X-\yw-sIm≠v `mkp-c-am-Wv.Sn.-]n. _me-Ir-jvW≥ \mb¿ : ]uV-a-Wn-]-hmfIhn-I-fpsS Ime-L-´-Øn-emWv Pohn-®-sX-¶nepw sNdp-t»cn Fgp-Xn-bXv Hcp P\-Io-b-a-lm-Im-hy-am-Wv.Ffn-b-`m-j, Ffn-b-h-cpsS Pohn-Xw, DØ-c-tI-c-f-Øns‚ \mS≥ssien Ch-sb√mw IrjvW-Km-Y-bn¬ ImWmw (alm-Im-hy-]-ÿm-\w).Sn. `mkvI-c≥ : \mS≥]m-ńs‚ ss\k¿Kn-I-Xbpw aWn-]-hm-f-Ønse A¿Ym-e-¶mc _mlp-eyhpw ]mńs‚ i_vZ-hn-\ymk sshNn-Xyhpw HØn-W-ßnb IrXn-bmWv IrjvW-Km-Y (Ir-jvW-Km-Ym-]-T-\-ßƒ).Fw. eoem-hXn : IrjvW-Km-Y-bnse `mjbpw \ncWw IrXn-bnse `mjbpwXΩn¬ Gsd A¥-c-ap-≠v. kam\ Ime-L-´-Øns‚ krjvSn-Iƒ F∂ \nebv°vAhsb kao-]n-°p-tºmƒ Ah-bpsS sshPm-XysØ hymJym-\n-°m≥ tZi-t`-Z-sa∂ Hcp-]m-[n-b-√msX as‰-s¥-¶n-ep-ap-≠m-Ip-sa∂p tXm∂p-∂n-√.... `mjm-aniwF∂p hnNm-cn-°m-hp∂nStØmfw aWn-]-hmf ssien IrjvW-Km-Y-bn-en-√. F∂p-h®p kwkvIrX ]Z-ßƒ H´pw h¿÷n-®n-´p-an-√. (a-e-bmf IhnXm kmlnXyNcnXw: 1980)NmØ-\mØv ANyp-X-\pÆn : .... IrjvW-Km-Y-bpsS `mjm-inev]w aWn-]-hm-fw, ]m´v, \mS≥]m´v F∂o aq∂v kmln-Xy-[m-c-I-fp-sSbpw kwtbm-P-\-Øn¬\n-∂p-ap-bn¿sIm≠ \qX-\-amb Hcp cq]kwhn-[m-\-am-Ip-∂p. AXv Htc-k-abw ]g-b-Xns‚ kzm`m-hn-I-amb XpS¿®bpw hy‡-amb sshe£Wyw ]pe¿Øp∂hyXy-kvX-am-sbmcp Imhy ]mc-º-cy-Øns‚ \hm-h-Xm-c-hp-am-Wv. (hmMvabw: 1999)hn.-B¿. ]t_m-[-N-µ≥ : ....-a-lm-Im-hy-aq-ibpw \mS≥ioepw XΩn-ep≈ thgvN:]mtZ-in-Iw, kmaq-ln-Iw, PmXn-a-XmZn \njvTw F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ D]-`m-jm-hn-`m-K-ßƒ, sNdp-t»-cn-bpsS X≥sam-gn, k¿t∆m-]cn Nne hne-£-W-X-Iƒ ˛ Ch-sbm-s°-°q-Sn -B-g-Ønepw ]c-∏nepw ]cn-tim-[n -®p-sIm-≠p-≈ \nc-¥-c-amb]p\¿hm-b-\-bn-eqsS amXta IrjvW-Km-Y-bpsS X\na hy‡-am-Iq. (sN-dp-t»cn: 1999).`mjm khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

IrjvW-Km-Ym-`m-j-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-I-fmbn `mjm-K-th-j-I¿ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®n-´p≈ hkvXp-X-Iƒ Ch-bm-Wv.1 . ]WvUn-X-c-√mØ km[m-c-W-°m-sc-°qSn BI¿jn-°p-∂Xv AXnse ae-bm-fnØw Xpfpºp-∂ `mjm-ssi-en-bm-Wv. efn-X-]-Z-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm≠v hyh-lm-c-`m-j-bpsS X\na Bthmfw ]pe¿Øn-s°m-≠pw \mS≥]m-´p-I-fpsS Bhn-jvI-c-W-coXn A\p-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠p-ap≈ ]Xn-]m-Z-\-co-Xn-bmWv IrjvW-Km-Y-bpsS_lp-P-\-]o-Xn°p Imc-Ww.



(F) hyh-lm-c-`m-j-bpsS X\n-a-bp≈ ]Z-]-tbm-K-ßƒIm®y (Im-®n-b), sIm≠∂p (sIm-≠p-h-∂p), s]mßo´v (s]m-ßn-bn-´v),Iøo∂v (Iøn¬ \n-∂v)(_n)\mS≥]m-´p-I-fpsS Bhn-jvI-cW coXn-tbm-Sn-W-ßnb ]Xn-]m-Z-\-ssien

2. ]Nm-c-Øn¬ \n∂p am™p-t]mb ]e ]Z-ßfpw IrjvW-Km-Y-bn¬°m-Wmw.am¨]v (ku-µ-cyw), Hm¿® (hn-Nm-cw) XpS-ßnb \macq-]-ßfpw amgvIpI(k-¶-S-s∏-Sp-I), HmcpI(A-dn-bp-I) XpS-ßnb Inbm-cq-]-ßfpw A°q-´-Øn¬s∏-Sp-∂p.

3. hymI-c-W-]-c-ambpw Nne khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ ImWp-∂p.(F) hnti-jm¿∞sam∂p-an-√msX CXp/CuXp, DXp/DuXp tN¿∂ Inbm-cq-]-ßƒ(_n) C∂sØ `mj-bn¬ ]n≥hn-\-sb®w hcp∂ CS-ß-fn¬ \Sp-hn-\-b-®-]-tbm-K-ß-fmb t]mI-Øp-S-ßn, sNm√-Øp-Sßn F∂nh ImWp-∂p.(kn)\ntj-[-cq-]-ß-fmb \evtI≥, hmcm-sX, ImWm-bn∂p F∂n-h.(Un)k¶p-NnX cq]-ßƒ. DZm-l-cWw: Bw (B-Ipw), t]mw (t]m-Ipw).

4. kwkvIr-X-Ønse hn`-‡n-]-Xy-b-ßƒ tN¿∂ cq]-ßƒ Ipd-hm-Wv. DZm-l-cWw: Bÿbm, aµn-tc, tamtZ-\.A[nIw ]Nm-c-Øn-en-√mØ Nne kwkvIrX ]Z-ßƒ ImWp-∂p. DZm-l-cWw : Bih (A-\pk-c-W-io-e-ap-≈-hƒ), c¶p (Ir-jvW-ar-Kw).

5. e£ym¿∞w kqNn-∏n-°m≥ AΩm-dp, t\m°n F∂nh tN¿Øp≈ ]tbm-K-ßƒ.

6. Bh¿Ø\ ]tbm-K-ßƒ.DZm-l-cWw : Nn¥n®p Nn¥n-®v, sh¥p-sh-¥v, ]ns∂-∏ns∂.IrjvW-Km-Y-bpsS mjm khn-ti-j-X-I-fn¬ Nne-Xm-Wn-h. s]mXpth sI´p-d∏pw ]uVnbpan√mØ `mjm-ssi-en-bmWv ImWp-∂-Xv. ssien-bnsessiYn-eyw, a‰p Nne kz`m-h-ß-tfm-sSm∏w IrXnsb DZmØ cN-\-sb∂]cn-K-W-\-bv°\¿l-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

- -`mjm-h-tem-I\w

IrjvW-Km-Y-bnse `mj AXp-hsc Imhy-`m-j-bn¬ \ne-\n∂ Xangv ˛ k¶-c-co-Xn-bn¬\n∂p Xo¿Øpw ap‡-am-Wv. B \ne-bn¬ \ΩpsS Imhy-N-cn-X-ØnseBZysØ ip≤ ae-bm-f-IrXn F∂ hnti-jWw Cu IrXn°p s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-∂p. kwkvIr-X-a-dn -bm-hp∂ aWn-]-hmfckn-I¿°p-th-≠n-b√ A⁄-cm-bp-t≈msc Dt±-in-®mWv IrXn cNn-®n-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v cma-N-cn-X-Im-c\pw a‰pw shfn-s∏-Sp -Øn-bn-cn -°p-∂-Xp-t]mse KmYm-Im-c\pw hy‡-am-°n-bn-´p -≠v. F∂m¬kwkvIrX `a-Øn¬\n∂p ]q¿Æ-ambpw amdn-\n-ev°m≥ Ign-™n-´p-an-√. "kz¿§m-tcm-lWØn¬' kwkvIr-X-k-º-∂-amb `mj-bmWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

aWn-]-hmf IrXn-Iƒ kPo-h-am-bn-cp∂ Hcp Ime-L-´-Øn-emWv IrjvWKm-Ym-Im-c≥ Pohn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. ]t£, aWn-]-hm-f-Øns‚ ]`m-h-Øn\p ]q¿Æ-ambpwASn-s∏-´-Xp-an-√. F¶n¬Ø-s∂bpw `‡n-t]m-j-I-ß-fmb ]m´p-Ir-Xn-bn¬ aWn-]-hm-f-Øns‚ Nne kz`mh khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ ka-\z-bn-∏n-°m≥ At±lw aSn-®n-√. hyh-lmc `mj-tbmtS‰hpw ASpØ ssien-bmWv At±lw Ihn-X-bn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-®-Xv. Aßs\ hn`-‡y-¥-ß-fmb kwkvIrX ]Z-ß-fpsS [mcm-fnØwIe¿∂ Nºp ]_-‘-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw a‰pw ]N-cn-®p-h∂ A\-¥-c-Ime aWn-]-hm-f-Øn\v Hcp sh√p-hn-fn-bpb¿ØpI-bm-bn-cp∂p KmYm-Im-c≥. B[p-\nI e£-W-ßƒ ae-bmf Ihn-X-bn¬ BZyw kv^pcn-∏n-®Xv sNdp-t»-cn-bm-Wv.



IrjvW-KmY \mtSmSn ae-bm-f-tØm-SmWv B`n-apJyw ]pe¿Øp-∂-sX∂v H‰hmb-\-bn¬Øs∂ t_m[y-am-Ipw. `mjm coXn-bnepw hrØ-Øn-ep-sams° hS-°≥ ]m´p-I-tfm-Sp≈ ASp∏w it≤-b-am-Wv. ]m´v, aWn-]-hm-fw, \mS≥]m´vF∂o aq∂p ssIh-gn-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv ]mNo\ IhnX Hgp-In-sb-Øn-b-Xv. Ch aq∂pwkwK-an-°p∂XmWv IrjvW-Km-Y. AXn-\m¬ Cu aq∂p ]ÿm-\-Øn-s‚bpw khn-tj-j-X-Iƒ CXn¬ H∂p-tN¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p.

]m´v, aWn-]-hm-fw, \mS≥]m- p-Iƒ F∂n-ßs\ aq∂p ssIh-gn-I-fn-eqsS hf¿∂p-h∂ ae-bmf Ihn-Xm-km-lnXyw kwtbm-P-\-Øns‚ BZy-e-£-W-ßƒ ImWn-°p-∂Xv IrjvW-Km-Y-bn-em-Wv. ]m´p-]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ emfn-Xyhpw aWn-]-hm-f-Øns‚ckn-I-Xzhpw IrjvW-Km-Ybn¬ ktΩ-fn-°p-∂p. am\-Io-I-cWw kw`-hn-®p-Xp-S-ßnbImhy- m-j-sb∂v CXns\ thW-sa-¶n¬ hnti-jn-∏n-°mw. ZanUkwLm-Xm-£c\n_-≤X, A¥y-]mkw F∂o ]m´p-e-£-W-ßƒ IrjvW-KmY ]q¿Æ-ambpw X≈n-°-f-bp-∂p."tam\' Nne ÿe-ß-fn¬ hcp-∂p. aWn-]-hm-f-Øns‚ ][m\ ]tXy-I-X-bmb hnÌv-Xy¥ kwkvIrX]Z-ßƒ hfsc Ipd™ Af-hn¬ amXw kzoI-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ irwKmc lmky-ß-tfmSv aWn-]-hm-f-Øn-\p≈ XmXv]cyw KmYm-Im-c≥kºq¿Æ-amb Af-hn¬ kzoI-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Cß-s\-bm-sW-¶nepw ioIr-jvWs‚ Xncp-∏n-d-hn-sXm´p kz¿Km-tcm-lWw hsc-bp≈ apJykw -h-ß-fpsS Imhym-flI]Xn-]m-Z-\-Øn-eqsS Hcp ¢mknIv IrXn-bpsS Kuchw ImØp-kq-£n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

aWn-]-hm-f-Øn-s‚bpw ]mń-s‚bpw ani-W-Øn-eqsS \mS≥]m- ns‚ coXn-bn¬ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-SpØ Hcp Imhyam-Wn-Xv. Cu aniW ]Inb Fgp-Ø-—-\n¬ ]q¿Æ-am-Ip-∂p. IÆ-»-∑m¿ ]mń¬ kwkvIrX h¿W-ßƒ kzoI-cn®p. KmYm-Im-c≥ Iptd-°qSnapt∂m-´p-t]m-bn. KmY-bnse irwKmc ck-Øns‚ B[nIyw CXp hy‡-am-°p-∂p.`‡n-Im-hy-ßƒ F∂ \ne-bn¬ I≠n-cp∂ ]m´p]ÿm\w kmln-Xy-sa∂ \nebv°phf¿® t\Sp-∂-XmWv ChnsS ImWp-∂-Xv. ]WvUn-X\pw ]ma-c\pw Hcp-t]mse Bkzm-Zy-amb KmYbpsS I¿Ømhv \ΩpsS Imhy- m-j-bnse "ip≤-a-e-bm-f'Øns‚ Ah-Xm-c-I≥ IqSn-bm-Wv.

`mK-hXw Zi-a-kvI-‘-amWv IrjvW-Km-Y-bpsS ][m\ D]m-Zm-\w. ]Xn-s\m∂pw]¥≠pw kvI‘-ß-fpsS kmcmw-ihpw AXpƒs°m-≈p∂p≠v. `mK-h-X-Ønse kw -h-_-lp-e-amb BJym\w Hcp alm-Im-hy-Øns‚ CXn-hr-Ø-am-°n-b-t∏mƒ IYm-K-Xn-bn¬ KW-\o-b-amb am‰sam∂pw Ihn hcp-Øn-bn- n-√. `mK-hXw AtX-]Sn ae-bm-f-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°pI amXta sNbvXn- p≈p F∂p ]d-bm\pw ]‰n-√. Z¿i-\-Øn\pa≥Xq-°-ap≈ Hcp ]pcmWw `‡n-]-[m-\-amb Hcp kmln-Xy-in-ev]-ambn cq]m-¥cw]m]n-®-t∏mƒ kzm`m-hn-I-ambn kw -hn-t°≠ ]cn-Wm-a-ßƒ h∂p-tN¿∂p. ]pcm-W-Øn¬ D≈ an° kvXpXn-Ifpw Hgn-hm-°n-bXv Ihn-bpsS kmln-Xy-a¿Ω-⁄-X-bpsS\nZ¿i-am-bn h¿Øn-°p-∂p.

Imhyw c≠p- m-K-ambn Xncn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. IrjvW≥ Aºm-Sn-bn¬ Ign-bp∂ ImewH∂mw- m-KØpw aYp-c-bn-tebv°p t]mb-ti-j-ap≈ kw -h-ßƒ c≠mw mKØpw hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.`mK-hXw ]Øp-ap-X-ep≈ kvI‘-ßƒ Bkv]-Z-am°n kwkvIr-X-Øn-sebpw ae-bm-f-Øn-sebpw ]q¿h-kq-cn-IpsS IrXn-I-fn¬ \n∂v Bi-b-ßƒ BZm\w sNbvXp kµ¿`m-\p-kmcw kzIr-Xn-bn¬ Aen-bn-®p-tN¿Øv Hcp \qX\ ae-bm-f-a-lm-Imhyw Bc-Nn-°p-I-bmWv sNdp-t»cn sNbvXXv. Hcp kzX-¥-Ir-Xn-bpsS auen-IXzw IrjvW-Km-Y-bpsS GXp- m-KØpw Z¿in-°mw. BI¿j-I-am-hn-√ F∂p tXm∂p∂ mK-ßƒ kwt£-]n-°p-Ibpw ckm-`n-hy-RvP-\bv°p hI-bp-≈n-SØp hn]q-eo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂\b-am-Wv Ihn s]mXpth AwKo-I-cn-®n- p-≈-Xv. thWp-Km-\w, tKm]n-ImZp:Jw, cmk-IoU F∂nh h¿Æn-°m≥ `mK-hXw Fgp-∂q‰n F¨]-Øn-sb´p hcn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-SØv IrjvW-KmY aqhm-bn-cØn Hcp-\q‰n Ccp-]-Øn-\mep hcn hn\n-tbm-Kn®ncn-°p-∂p. aqe-Ir-Xnsb \mep-a-S-ßmbn hnI-kn-∏n® Cu Hcp-Zm-l-cWw aXn KmY-bpsSkzX-¥-]-hm-lhpw KmYm-Im-cs‚ `mh-\m-hn-em-khpw shfn-hm-°m≥. ChnsS hn`m-hm-\p- m-hmZn-Iƒ h¿Æn-°m-\mWv Ihn i‡n sNe-h-gn-®-sX-¶n¬ thsd Nne Zn°n¬kµ¿t`m-Nn-X-amb Ae-¶m-c-ßƒ ]tbm-Kn®p hyXy-kvX-amb kpja \¬Ip-∂p.



AXn-cp-I-S∂ Ae-¶m-c-]n-bXzw sNdp-t»-cn-bpsS Hcp tZmj-ambn ]ecpw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®n- p-≠v. ]m´mWv Fgp-Xn-b-sX-¶nepw h¿Æ-\-I-fn¬ Aew- m-h-an-√m-bvabpw ame-∏-S°w t]mse Ae-¶m-c-ßƒ ASn-°Sn tIm¿Øp-t]m-Ip∂ coXnbpw Aan-X-ambirwKm-c-]-£-]m-Xhpw kl-P- m-h-am-bn-Øo¿∂n- p≈ Cu Ihn bYm¿∞-Øn¬ aWn-]-hmfw Xs∂bt√ cNn-®Xv? F∂v F≥. IrjvW-]n≈ tNmZn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ Hcpalm-Im-hy-Øns‚ cq]-tØmSv HØp-t]m-I-Ø-°-hn-[-Øn-emWv At±lw Ae-¶mcw]tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. \m¬∏-Øn-bmdv hyXy-kvXm-e¶m-c-ßfpsS Bbn-c-Øn-H-cp-\qdvDZm-l-c-W-amWv IrjvW-Km-Y-bn-ep-≈-Xv. Ae-¶m-c-ßƒ ASp-Ø-SpØp ]tbm-Kn-°p∂Nne L -ßƒ°p ]Icw F∂-t]mse Ah Xosc C√m-sXbpw BJym\w ImWp-∂p. kwkvIr-X-Øn¬ \n∂pw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ \n∂pw [mcmfw Ae-¶m-c-]-tbm-K-ßƒssIs°m≠ Ihn F¥p-sImt≠m `mK-h-X-Øn¬ \n∂v Ah hf-sc-sbm∂pw kzoI-cn®p ImWp-∂n-√. BsI ]Øp-]-Xn-\mev Ae-¶mcw amXta `mK-h-X-Øn¬ \n∂pkzoI-cn-®n-´p-≈p.

GsXmcp Ihn°pw kmZr-iy-aq-e-Im-e-¶m-c-ß-tfm-Sp-]nbw Gdpw; D]-an-°m-\p≈]h-WX a\p-jys‚ ss\k¿§n-I-hm-k-\-I-fn¬s]- -Xm-W-t√m. kwkvIr-X-Øn¬ ]kn-≤-amb A¿∞m-e-¶m-c-ß-fn¬ GXm≠p ]Ip-Xn-tbmfw sNdp-t»cn ]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Ah-bn-e-[n-Ihpw kmZr-iy-aq-e-I-ß-fmb D]-a, cq]-Iw, cq]-Im-Xn-i-tbm-‡n, kzcq-t]m-Xvt]-£ F∂n-h-bm-Wv.emfn-Xy-amWv IrjvW-Km-Y-bpsS apJ-ap-Z. IrjvW-Km-Y-bnse H´p-ap-°mepw `mKw hmbn-®m¬ _me-∑m¿°p-t]mepw A¿∞w a\-kn-em-Ipw.

Fgp-Ø-—\pw ae-bm-f-Im-hy- m-jbpw

ae-bmf Imhy- m-j-bpsS hnIm-k-]-cn-WmaNcn-X-Ønse kp][m-\-L´sØ Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Imhy-ßƒ ]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂p. kmln-Xy-Øn¬ Hcp \qX\ktµ-i-hp-am-bmWv Fgp-Ø-—≥ cwK-]-thiw sNbvX-Xv. `n∂cpNn-I-sfbpw `n∂coXn-I-sfbpwIq´n-bn-W-°m≥ Ct±-l-Øn\p Ign-™p. ae-bm-f-Øns‚ ]mNo\ Imhy-]m-c-ºcyw]cn-K-Wn-°p-tºmƒ AXn\v ][m-\-ambpw c≠v kam-¥-c-im-J-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂vt_m≤y-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]mWvUy- mjm kmcq-]y-ta-dn-bn-cn-°p∂ ]m´p- m-jbpw kwkvIrXwIqSn-°-e¿∂ aWn-]-hm-f-`m-jbpw. Ime-I-a-Øn¬ Cu `mjm-co-Xn-Iƒ ]c-kv]cwkzm[o\w sNep-Øm\pw IqSn-°-e-cm\pw XpS-ßn. \ncWw IrXn-I-fnepw IrjvW-Km-Y-bnepw Cu ]h-WX ImWm-\m-hpw. Cu `mjm-k-a-\z-b-]-Inb AXns‚ ]q¿W-X-bn¬ km -ey-Øn-se-Øn-bXv Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Ime-Øm-Wv.

Xp©-sØ-gp-Ø-—\v ae-bmf `mj-bpsS ]nXrXzw C∂pw ]ecpw Iev]n®p \¬Ip-∂p-s≠-¶nepw AXv Ime-ß-fmbn Icp-Xn-t∏m-∂n-cp∂ Hcp hnizm-k-Øns‚ `mK-amtb]cn-K-Wn-°m≥ km[n-°p-I-bp-≈q. F∂n-cn-°nepw Xs‚ ap≥Kman-I-fn-em-cnepw HØn-W-ßn-°m-WmØ Nne kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-I-fpsS kwbp‡n Fgp-Ø-—s\ A\y- n-∂-am-°p-∂p. ae-bm-f-Øn\v XnIhpw Xan-gv®m-bvhn\v CSnhpw hcp-Øn-s°m-≠p≈ aWn-]-hmf ]cn-jvI-c-Ww, IvXn- m-hsØ tIµ-_n-µp-hm-°n-s°m-≠p≈ IYm-I-Y-\w, ]I-S-amb kZm-Nm-cm- n-apJyw F∂o aq∂w-i-ß-fpsS ktΩ-f-\-am-Wv Fgp-Ø-—s\ Xs‚ap≥KmanI-fn¬\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-\m-°p-∂-Xv. ]m´p-Ir-Xn-I-fnse Xan-gv]-tbm-K-ßfpwaWn-]-hm-f-Ønse kwkvIr-X-hn- -‡y-¥-ßfpw Bhp-∂X h¿Pn®v Hcp ]pXnb ae-bm-f-Im-hy- mj cq]-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ ia-amWv Fgp-Ø-—s‚ IrXn-I-fn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv.Xan-gns‚ ]nSn-bn¬\n∂v Gsd-°psd ap‡-am-bn-°-gn-™n-cp∂ "ae-bmw-`m-jsb'kwkvIr-X-Øns‚ DNn-Xhpw B\p-]m-Xn-I-hp-amb ani-Ww-sIm≠v Kl-\hpw ]uV-hp-am-°m≥ Fgp-Ø-—\v Ign-™p. Cu ani-W-amWv IÆ-»-Ir-Xn-I-fn-se-bpw, ip≤-a-e-bm-f-Ir-Xn-bmbn IcpXp∂ IrjvW-Km-Y-bn-sebpw `mj-bn¬\n∂v Fgp-Ø-—s‚`mjsb hyXy-kvX-am-°n-b-Xv. Fgp-Ø-—≥ Hcp \ho\ ssien `mjm-Imhy cN-\bv°vkzoI-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂n√ adn®v AØcw Hcp ssien°v icn-bmb ASn-Ød `mj-bn¬ ]Wn-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. CXv ae-bm-f-Øn\v X\Xpw \qX-\-hp-amb Hcp Imhy-`mj cq]-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v klm-b-I-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. ae-bmf IhnX ]nev°m-eØv Cuam¿K-amWv ]n≥Xp-S¿∂-Xv.



Ime-hpw IrXn-Ifpw

FgpØ—s‚ Pohn-X-Imew ]Xn-\mdmw \q‰m-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B≤ymfl cmam-bWwInfn-∏m- v, `mcXw Infn-∏m´v F∂n-h-bmWv Fgp-Ø-—s‚ IrXn-I-sf∂v \n w-ibw ]d-bm-hp-∂-h. DØccmam-b-Ww, tZho-am-lm-flyw, _“m-WvU-]p-cmWw XpS-ßn-b-hbpwFgp-Ø-—-t‚-Xm-sW∂v D≈q¿ Icp-Xp-∂p. F∂m¬ lcn-\m-a-Io¿Ø-\w, cmam-bWwCcp-]-Øn-\mep hrØw, tIc-tfm-ev]Øn apX-em-bh Fgp-Ø-—-t‚-Xmbn ]cn-K-Wn-°p-∂p-an-√. D≈q-cn-t‚Xv shdpw Dul-ßƒ amX-am-Wv. i‡-amb sXfn-hns‚ ]n≥_ewCu \nco-£-W-ßƒ°n-√. cmam-b-Ww-˛-`m-cXw Infn-∏m-´p-I-sf-∏‰n X¿°-ß-sfm∂pwDb-cm-Ø-Xn-\m¬ Fgp-Ø-—s‚ IrXn-I-sf∂ \nebv°v Ch-bmWv C∂v ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

Infn-∏m´v

Fgp-Ø-—s‚ IrXn-Iƒ Infn-∏m-´p-Iƒ F∂ Imhy-hn-`m-K-Øn¬s]-Sp-∂p. kmln-Xy-`m-jbv°pw kwkm-c-`m-jbv°pw XΩn-ep≈ A¥cw Ipd-®p-sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn¬Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Infn-∏m- p-Iƒ hln-®n- p≈ ]¶v hep-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ Infn-∏m´p ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ D]-⁄m-Xm-hmbn Fgp-Ø-—s\ Icp-Xp-∂-Xn¬ A\u-NnXyw D≠v. CXvAt±-l-Øns‚ I≠p-]n-Sn-Ø-am-bn-cp-∂n-√m-sb∂v D≈qcpw (tI-c-f-km-ln-Xy-N-cn-Xw)sI.-F≥. Fgp-Ø-—\pw (km-ln-Xy-N-cnXw ]ÿm-\-ß-fn-eq-sS) kwi-bm-Xo-X-ambnka¿∞n-°p-∂p.

Infn ]mSp∂ ]m´p-Iƒ F∂ A¿∞-Øn-em-bn-cn°mw Infn-∏m-´p-Iƒ F∂ t]cvh∂-Xv. F∂m¬ C∂v Cu A¿∞-a√ Infn-∏m-´n-\p-≈-Xv. tII, ZpX-Im-I-fn, A∂-\-S, aWn-Im-©n, If-Im©n apX-emb hrØ-ß-fn¬ Fgp-X-s∏´ Imhy-ß-sf√mw Infn-∏m-´p-I-fm-bmWv Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Cu hrØ-ß-sf√mw Fgp-Ø-—s‚ krjvSn-I-fmbnIcp-Xm-\m-hn-√. Fgp-Ø-—\p ap≥]v Cu hrØ-ß-fn¬ ]eXpw ae-bm-f-Ønepw a‰pZmhnU `mj-I-fnepw Aev]w Nne hyXym-k-ß-tfmsS D]-tbm-Kn®p t]m∂n-cp-∂p.tII-bpw ImI-fn-bpw If-Im-©nbpw Fgp-Ø-—\p ap≥t] cNn-°-s∏- -sX∂v Icp-Xp∂Kpcp-Z-£n-W-∏m- n¬ ImWp-∂psh∂pw I∂-S-bnepw sXep-¶nepw aWn-Im-©n°p Xpey-amb hrØ-ßƒ Ds≠∂pw ]n.-hn. them-bp-[≥]n≈ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p. (a-[y-Ime ae-bm-fw). AXp-sIm≠v Infn-∏m´p ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ DZvLm-S-I-\mbpw ae-bmfhrØ-ß-fpsS ]nXm-hmbpw Fgp-Ø-—s\ Icp-Xp-∂Xv icn-b-√. F∂ncn-°nepw tII,ImIfn XpS-ßnb hrØ-ßsf ZrV-_-≤-am°n ]N-cn-∏n-®-Xnepw `‡n-hn-j-b-]-Xn-]m-Z-\-Øn-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn® Hcp Imhy-co-Xnsb Infn-∏m´p ]ÿm-\-am°n hf¿Øn-b-Xnepw Fgp-Ø-—≥ apJy ]¶p hln-®n- p-≠v.Fgp-Ø-—s‚ `mj: ]WvUnX \nco-£-W-ßƒ]n.-sI. \mcm-b-W-∏n≈ : Fgp-Ø-—s‚ mj ae-bm-fhpw kwkvIr-Xhpw Hcp ]tXyI]mI-Øn¬ kwtbm-Pn-∏n-®n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. kwkvIrX i_vZ-ßƒ kwkvIrX]Xy-b-ßƒ tN¿Øpw Nne-bn-SØv hmIy-ßƒ apgp-h≥ kwkvIr-X-am-°nbpw At±lw ]tbm-Kn-®n- p-≠v.... `mjm-]Z ]tbmK hnj-b-Øn¬ Fgp-Ø-—s\ AXn-K-an-°p∂ Hcp IhnCtX-hsc `mj-bn-ep-≠m-bn- n-s√∂p≈Xv \n¿hnhm-Z-am-Ip-∂p. (]-©m-\-\s‚ hna¿i-\-X-bw-˛1996)sI.-F≥. FgpØ-—≥ : .... Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Infn-∏m- p-Iƒ eoem-Xn-e-IaX-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈]m´p-a√, aWn-]-hm-f-hp-a-√. ae-bm-f-Øns‚ hymI-cW kzcq-]-Øn¬ ASn-bp-d-®XpwkwkvIr-X-]-Z-ßƒ°v \√ kzmKXw \¬Ip-∂-Xp-amb Hcp kzX¥ ]ÿm-\-amWvKmY-bnepw Infn-∏m- nepw ImWp-∂-Xv... bYm¿∞-Øn¬ kwkvIrX Zmhn-U-ß-fpsSDNnX kwtbm-P-\-Øns‚ hnP-b-amWv \man-hnsS ImWp-∂-Xv, CXmWv Fgp-Ø-—s‚`mj-bpsS \ho-\-Xz-hpw. (In-fn-∏m v ˛ kmln-Xy-N-cnXw ]ÿm-\-ß-fn-eq-sS)



kn.-sI. Nµ-ti-J-c≥ \mb¿ : ""....-a-Wn-]-hmf ssiensb Cuc-Sn-bn-em-hn-jvI-cn-°pI F∂ ]pXpa XpS-ßn-sh-®Xv Fgp-Ø-—-\m-Wv. .... Xan-gv®m-bvhns‚ Awi-ßsfsXmÆq-s‰m≥]Xp iX-am-\hpw \ncm-I-cn®v _rl-Ømb Xs‚ Imhy-ßƒ cNn-°m≥At±-l-Øn\v km[n-®p. CXtX Fgp-Ø-—s‚ `mjbv°v ]pXpa sImSp-°p∂ khn-ti-j-X. (Fgp-Ø-—s‚ `mj ˛ Fgp-Ø-—\p apºpw ]nºpw. 1975).F.B¿. cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω : `mjm-]-c-ambn Xp©-sØ-gp-Ø-—≥ \S-∏n-em-°nb hyh-ÿ-Iƒ : 1. aWn-]-hm-f-Øn-se-∂-t]mse ]m´p-I-fnepw efnX kwkvIrX hn`‡y-¥-ßsf D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. 2. hn`-‡y-¥-ß-fm-bmepw ]Ir-Xn-Iƒ amX-am-bmepwkwkvIrX i_vZ-ßsf sskzcambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ ÿnXn°v AXp-I-fn¬ A£ckv^pS-X-bv°p-th≠n kmln-Xy-sa√mw Bcy Fgp-Øn¬ Fgp-X-Ww. 3. `mjm-Zzbk¶-c-Øn¬ kwkvIrX ]Ir-Xn-Isf ae-bmf hn`-‡n-Iƒ tN¿Øp ]tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xv icn-bmb hgn; t\sc adn®v ae-bmf ]Ir-Xn-Isf kwkvIrX hn`‡n tN¿Øv"amS-ºo\mw' CXym-Zn-t]mse ]tbm-Kn-°p∂ hntema kº-Zmbw sX‰v. 4. kwkvIrXOµ-»m-kvX-Ønse h¿W-\n-b-a-sØ-bpw, amXm \nb-a-sØbpw, Xangv hrØ-ß-fn¬°qSn ]th-in-∏n®v ]pXn-b-Xmbn "Infn-∏m´v' apX-emb ae-bmf hrØ-ßsf \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øn. (tI-cf]mWn-\o-bw)Sn.-]n. _me-Ir-jvW≥\m-b¿ : s]mXpth t\m°p-tºmƒ, cmam-bWw Infn-∏m-´n¬aq∂p-Xcw `mjm-co-Xn-Iƒ ImWmw.

Ae-a-e-an-X-dn-In-e-\p-NnX aJn-e-`q-`rXm˛amfl-tJZw ss[cy-iucy tXtPm-lcw (kw-kvIrX ssien)Imem-ln\m ]cn-K-kvXamw temIhpwBteme tNXkm t`mK-ßƒ tXSp∂p (a-Wn-]-hmf ssien)\∂p \s∂∂p ]pIgv∂p ]pI-gv∂-h¿\∂mbv sXmgpXp sXmgpXp \n∂o-Sn-\mƒ (ip-≤-a-e-bmf ssien)

[FgpØ—s‚ B≤ym-fl-cm-am-b-Whpw B≤ymfl cma-bWw aqehpw ˛ (Xp©≥]_-‘-ßƒ)]`mjm khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

h¿ÆX-e-Ønepw ]Z-X-e-Ønepw hymI-c-W-cq-]-ß-fnepw ]e ]tXy-I-X-Ifpw Fgp-Ø-—s‚ IrXn-I-fmb cmam-bWw Infn-∏m- nepw `mcXw Infn-∏m- nepw ImWm-\m-hpw.

1. ]gb ]Z-ßƒ: Ac-°≥, CS¿, tIƒ°-bn¬.2. Inbm cq]-ßƒ : tIfm-™p, acn-bm-sX, Hmcp-I.3. h¿W-hn-Im-c-ßƒ : sIm≠-∂p, hcm-jn-®p, XmXv]-cn-bw.4. Dt±-inIm hn -‡n-cq-]-ßƒ : t]¿°v, Imev°v.5. "A‰v', F∂ CS-\ne tN¿∂ cq]-ßƒ: Ah-s‰, ]e-h-s‰.6. _lp-h-N\ cq]-ßƒ : aI-f¿, \mevh¿.7. e£ym¿∞-Øn¬ "Bbvs°m≠v' : "kpKo-h-\m-bn-s°m≠v'.8. Akm-[m-cW \ma-[m-Xp-°ƒ : K¿`n-®p, G‰n-®v.9. ]gb \ntj[ Inb : Acp-Xp-ta.10. ]n≥hn\-sb-®m¿∞-Øn¬ \Sp-hn-\-sb® ]tbmKw : tIƒ°-∏-d-™o-e, tIg-Øp-S-ßn-\m¿.

a≤y-Ime ae-bmf `mj-bpsS ]tXy-I-X-bmb "‚' h¿W-ßƒ Fgp-Ø-—≥ kzoI-cn-°p-∂n-√. ]pcpj ]Xy-b-ßƒ km¿h-Xn-I-ambn kzoI-cn-°p∂ coXnbpw ImWp-∂n-√. A]q¿∆w Nne-bn-S-ß-fn¬ amXta a[y-a-]p-cpj ]Xybw ImWp-∂p-≈q. A\p-\m-kn-ImXn]-k-chpw Xme-hym-tZ-ihpw hcmØ cq]-ßƒ ImWp-∂n-√. h¿Ø-am-\-ImehmNn-bmb "D∂p' `mhn-Im-e-hm-Nn-bmb "Dw' F∂o Ime-]-Xy-b-ßƒ `mcXw Infn-∏m-´nse `mj-bn¬ Dd-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Inbm-]-Z-ßtfm kap-®-b-\n-]m-X-ßtfm XpS¿®-bmbn]tbm-Kn®v kµ¿`sØ it≤-bhpw Du¿÷-kz-e-hp-am-°p∂ co-Xnbpw ASp-Ø-SpØvInbm-]-Z-ßsf "Dw' sIm≠v kap-®-bn-∏n®v cwK-Øn\v sImgp-∏p-Iq- p∂ LS-I-ßfpwFgp-Ø-—≥ IrXn-I-fn¬ ImWmw.



Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Imhy mj-bpsS ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ \Sp-h´w tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥ Cßs\kwK-ln-°p∂p:

1. `mj-tbdn hcp∂ aWn-]-hmf ssien.2. kwkvIr-Xo-IrX `mj-bpsS A`m-hw.3.`mh-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®p `mjm ]tbm-Kw˛ip≤ kwkvIr-Xhpw ip≤ ae-bm-f-hpw.4. CuW-]-[m-\-amb Zmhn-U-hr-Ø-ßƒ.5. ]Nm-c-ep-]vX-sa-¶nepw `mh-]p-jvS-ß-fmb cqUn-]-Z-ß-fpsS kzoI-c-Ww.6. hmbvsamgn hg-°-ß-fpsS Dt]-£n-°¬.7.]mIvX\ ssien-Ifpw hymI-cW ]tbm-K-ßfpw A`n-cp-Nn-°-\p-k-cn-®v.8. i_vZ-hn-j-b-Øn¬ Xan-gns‚ coXn ]mtS Ah-K-Wn-®p.

Fgp-Ø-—≥ \S-∏n-em-°nb hyh-ÿ-IƒFgp-Ø-—≥ \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øn-b-Xmbn tIc-f-]m-Wn\n ]d-bp∂ ]e Imcyßfpw At±-

l-Øn\p ap≥t] ae-bmf Imhy-`mj kzoI-cn-®-h-bm-Wv. Bcy FgpØv, efnXkwkvIrX hn -‡y-¥-ßƒ F∂nh \ncWw IrXn-I-fnepw IrjvW-Km-Y-bnepw ImWp-∂p. Infn-∏m´p hrØhpw Fgp-Ø-—s‚ krjvSn-bs√∂v C∂p sXfn-bn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. Fgp-Ø-—≥ `mj-bv°p \¬Inb tkh-\-ßƒ Ch-bm-Wv.1. kwkvIrXw FX kpi-‡hpw kº-∂-hp-am-sW-¶n¬Ø-s∂bpw AXnse hymI-cW

\nb-a-ß-fpsS BI- a-WsØ kz m-j-bn¬ ]Xn-tcm-[n-°p-I.2. ae-bmfkmln-Xy-Øn¬ ]N-cn®v \t∂ ]cn-Nn-X-ß-fm-bn-°-gn™ kwkvIrX ]Xy-b-

ßƒ \ne-\n¿Øp-I.3. ae-bmf ]Ir-Xn-I-fnepw kwkvIrX ]Ir-Xn-I-fnepw kwkvIrX ]Xy-b-ßƒ tXm∂pw-

]Sn tN¿°p∂ ]q¿∆kº-Zmbw ]cnh¿÷n-°p-I.4. aWn-]-hmf k¶-ev]sØ HuNn-Xy-]q¿∆w ]cn-jvI-cn®v AXns\ ]m´p-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬

]tbm-Kn®p ^en-∏n-°p-I.CØ-c-Øn¬ HmP- p≈ Hcp Imhy- m-j-bpsS DZmØ amXr-I-I-fmbn Fgp-Ø-—≥

Xs‚ Imhy- m-jsb ]cn-h¿Ø-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-Sp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.`mjbv°pw kmln-Xy-Øn\pw Fgp-Ø-—s‚ kw`m-h-\-Iƒ

kmln-Xy-Øn¬ Hcp \qX-\-k-tµ-i-hp-ambn cwK-]-th-iw sNbvX Fgp-Ø-—≥ kmln-Xy-Øns‚ kzcq-]sØ ˛ _mly-ambpw B¥-cn-I-ambpw \ho-I-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.Imhy`mjbn¬ aWn-]-hm-f-]m-c-º-cysØ Bi-bn-°p-tºmgpw D≈-S° kzoI-c-W-Øn-¬ AXns‚ kzm[o-\-Xsb am‰n-\n¿Øn. Fgp-Ø-—≥ Ah-X-cn-∏n® \ho\ ssienhyh-lm-c- m-j-sb-t∏mepw kzm[o-\n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. IÆ-»-∑m-cn-eq-sSbpw sNdp-t»-cn-bn-eq-sSbpw apt∂-dnb ]m´p-]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ hf¿® Fgp-Ø-—-\n¬ ]q¿Øn-bm-hp-∂p. AYhm Imhy- m-j-bpsS am\-Io-I-cW ]Inb ]q¿Æ-X-bn-se-Øp-∂p.

Bcy FgpØv mj-bn¬ \S-∏n-em-°n-bXv Fgp-Ø-—-\m-bn-cp-∂n-s√-¶nepw Ahbv°p`mj-bp-ambn sFI-cq]yw ssIh-cp-∂Xv Fgp-Ø-—-\n-em-Wv. sNdp-t»cn Htc hrØwD]-tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ Fgp-Ø-—≥ Infn-∏m- nse hyXy-kvX-ß-fmb hrØ-ß-fn¬ Imhy-c-N\ \S-Øp-∂p. KmYm-Im-c-\n¬\n∂p hyXy-kvX-ambn ]pcm-tW-Xn-hr-Ø-ßƒ th≠XKuc-h-tØmsS ssIImcyw sNøm\pw `‡n-]-ÿm-\sØ kPo-h-am-°m\pw Fgp-Ø-—\p Ign-™p. tIc-f-Ønse IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-Øn\pw hy‡n-_-‘-ßƒ°pw Np‰p-]m-Sp-Iƒ°pw tbmPn-°p∂ IYm-k-µ¿`-ßƒ ]cØn-∏-d™psIm≠pw kmwkvIm-cnI]k‡n Ipd-™-hsb Npcp°n Ah-X-cn-∏n®pw KŸ-c-N-\-bn¬ Fgp-Ø-—≥ kzoI-cn® amXrI ]iw-k-\o-b-am-Wv. \ncWw IrXn-Iƒ apX¬ Xan-gns‚ B[n-]-Xy-Øn¬\n∂p amdn-\n-ev°m\pw kwkvIr-XsØ kzoI-cn-°m-\p-ap≈ k∂-≤X ]m´p-]-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ImWp-∂p-≠v. IÆ-»-\n¬ XpS-ßnb Cu ]h-W-Xsb hyh-ÿo-I-cn-°p-I-bmWv Fgp-Ø-—≥ sNbvX-Xv. ck- m-h-ßsf Ae-¶m-c-Øn\p Iogvs∏-Sp-Øm-sXbpwi_vZ-t«-jwsIm≠v Pme-hnZy ImWn-°m-sX-bp-amWv im¥hpw at\m-c-⁄-I-hp-ambHcp hnπhw \ΩpsS kmlnXy `qan-I-bn¬ Fgp-Ø-—≥ \S-Øn-b-Xv. ae-bm-fsØ

154



¢mknIv \ne-hm-c-Øn-te-°p-b¿Øn Bcy kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ BIm-c-s∏m-ena apgp-h≥ AXn¬ k∂n-th-in-∏n-°p-hm≥ Fgp-Ø-—\p Ign-™p. ‡n-c-k-Øn\p ap≥Xq°w\evIn Kuc-h-amw-hn[w Imcy-amX ]k-‡-ambn ]pcm-W-ßsf kao-]n-°m-\p≈ ia-amWv Fgp-Ø-—s‚ IrXn-Iƒ.

ip≤-a-e-bm-f-co-Xn, efnX aWn-]-hmf coXn, ae-bmf Imhy-ssi-en°p tbmPn-°m-Ø-hn[w kwkvIrX ]Z-ß-sfbpw hymI-cWcq]-ß-sfbpw \nth-in-∏n-®p-sIm-≠p≈coXn F∂n-ßs\ Fgp-Ø-—≥ IrXn-I-fnse `mj aq∂p-hn[w th¿Xn-cn™p \nev°p-∂p. CXn¬ BZysØ cs≠-Æhpw kwtbm-Pn-∏n®v Hcp ae-bmf Imhy-ssien cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ At±-l-Øn-\mbnsb∂-XmWv `mjm-]-c-amb kw`m-h-\. Fgp-Ø-—\pap≥]p≈ Ihn-I-fn¬ ae-bm-fn-Øhpw Zm¿i-\n-I-amb DZm-Ø-Xbpw mjm-hn-j-b-Øn¬tN¿∂p ImW-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. IÆ-»-∑m¿°p kmwkvIm-cn-I-ambn DZm-Ø-ho-£-W-ap≠v;F∂m¬ ae-bm-fnØw Ipd-hm-Wv. sNdp-t»-cnbn¬ CtX khn-ti-jX t\¿ hn]-co-X-co-Xn-bn¬ ImWp-∂p. aWn-]-hmf IrXn-bn¬ c≠pw ImWp-∂n-√. CXn-\m-emWv Ch-bpsS kay-°mb taf\w km[n-X-am-°nb Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Imhyw P\-K-W-a-\-ßsfBI¿jn-®-Xv.

kmln-Xy-Ønse ]q¿h- m-jm-co-Xn-IfpsS kzm`m-hn-I-]-cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ \nZ¿i-\-am-bn-cn°mw Fgp-Ø-—s‚ `mj. F∂m¬ CXn-\p-tijw \ΩpsS Imhy- m-jbv°v henbam‰-ß-sfm∂pw h∂n-ń-s√-∂Xv it≤-b-am-Wv. ]® ae-bmf ]ÿm-\-Ønt\mshäWn Ihn-Iƒt°m Cu \ne-hm-c-s∏´ Imhy- m-jsb XI¿°m≥ km[n-®n- n-√.aWn-]-hmf`mjbv°p Zmhn-Uo-b-amb Omb ]I¿∂Xv Fgp-Ø-—-\m-Wv. \√ ae-bmf`mj-bpsS ssNX\yw Infn-∏m- n¬ ImWm-\m-hpw. Cß-s\-bm-sW-¶nepw ae-bmf`mj-bpsS ]nXmhv F∂ ÿm\w Fgp-Ø-—-\p\¬Ip-∂-Xn¬ HuNn-Xy-°p-d-hp-≠v.Fgp-Ø-—\p ap≥t] sXfn-hp‰ KZyhpw ]Zyhpw ]Nm-c-Øn¬ h∂n-cp-∂p. B mjsbNne hyh-ÿ-I-fn-eqsS ]cn-jv°-cn-°p-I-bmWv Fgp-Ø-—≥ sNbvX-Xv. AXn-\m¬ Fgp-Ø-—s\ ae-bmf `mj-bpsS ]nXmhv F∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ ]cn-jvI¿Ømhv F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°p-I-bmhpw DNn-Xw.

Fgp-Ø-—≥ Ihn-X-I-fpsS ]›m-Øew*

G.-Un. 16- mw iXIw apX¬ Ccp-]Xmw iX-I-Øns‚ BZy-Z-i-I-ßƒ hsc ae-bmf kmln-Xy-sØ t]mjn-∏n® Ihn-Xm-]-ÿm-\-amWv Infn-∏m- v. Hcp Imhy ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ khn-tij kz`m-h-ßƒ°v B[m-c-amb am\-knImhÿ kaq-l--Øn\v D≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xp≠v. AXp-t]mse ]tXyI ]h-W-X-I-tfm-Sp-IqSnb kmlnXy ]ÿm\w£tbm-∑p-J-am-I-W-sa-¶n¬ B ]ÿm-t\m¬∏-Øn°v t]c-I-am-bn-cp∂ h¿K-am-\-kn-Im-hÿ amdp-Ibpw thWw. hy‡y\p-`q-Xn-I-fpsS Bhn-jvI-c-W-am-Wv Ihn-X.F¶nepw AXn¬ ka-Im-enI kaq-l-Øns‚ Bi-bm- n-em-jßƒ Ie¿∂n-cn-°p-sa-∂Xpw hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. Imhyw, \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ hym]n®v ]¥-en®v hf¿∂p ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ _oP-ambn amd-p-tºmƒ AXn¬ hy‡n-hn-Im-c-tØ-°m-tfsd kaq-l-Øns‚C—bpw k¶-ev]-ß-fp-amWv apJy-ambpw ]Xn- -en-°p-I. Fgp-Ø-—s‚ IhnX Hcp]ÿm-\-ambn amdn-sb-∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw AXv B Ime-L- -Ønse kmaqly Pohn-X-Øns‚ kq£va-`m-h-ßsf ]Xn-^-en-∏n-s®∂pw XpS¿∂p Iptd-°mew tIc-fobkaqlw B am\-kn-Im-h-ÿsb \ne-\n¿Øn-t∏m-∂p F∂pw BWv.

Infn-∏m- p-]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ kz`mhw B[ym-fln-I-X-bn¬ ASn-bp-d® `‡n-bm-Wv.`‡n- m-h-hp-ambn ae-bmf IhnX lrZy-ambn ka-\z-bn®Xns‚ BZysØ anI® ê-amWv Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Ihn-X. Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Infn ]mSp-∂-Xn\v ap≥]v `‡yw-i-ap≈Ihn-X-I-fp-≠m-bn- p-≠v. F∂mepw Fgp-Ø-—-t\m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bmWv ‡n-]-ÿm\w hf¿∂Xv



F∂ kXyw Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂p. ]n¬°me ae-bmf Ihn-X-bpsS KXn \nb-¥n-°p-Ibpw ]pXnb IhnXm]mc-º-cy-Øn\v hgn Im´p-Ibpw sNbvXXv Fgp-Ø-—-\m-Wv.tIc-f-Øn\v X\-Xmb kwkvImcw Dcp-Øn-cn™v h∂-Xn\p ]n∂n¬ \ºq-Xn-cn-am¿°v]ap-J-amb ]¶m-Wp-≈-Xv. Cu `qhn- m-K-Øns‚ kmaqly kmwkvIm-cnI kmº-ØnIPohn-X-Øn¬ \ºq-Xn-cn-am¿ ]q¿W-ambpw B[n-]Xyw t\Sp-∂-Xns‚ Ncn-X-amWv G.-Un. F´mw iXIw apX¬ ]Xn-\©mw iXIw hsc-bp≈ tIc-f-Øns‚ Ncn-Xw. G.-Un. Ggmw iX-I-tØm-sS-bmWv henb kwL-ambn _m“-W¿ tIc-f-Øn-te°v ]h-ln-®-Xv. AXp-hsc ChnsS \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ efn-Xhpw kc-fhpw AX-tbsd aXm[n-jvTn-X-a-√m-Ø-Xp-amb Pohn-X-Øn-\p-ta¬ Ah¿°v B[n-]Xyw sNep-Øm≥ ]bm-k-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. thtZm-]-\n-j-Øp-°ƒ, aoamwk, CXn-lm-k-ßƒ XpS-ßn-bhDƒs°m≠v sImgpØ kmwkvIm-cnI ]uV-ntbm-Sp-IqSn ChnsS FØn-b-h¿°vap≥sNm∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ aqeykº-∂X C√m-Xn-cp∂ Zmhn-U-cpsS kwkvIm-c-Øn-\p-ta¬ \nb-¥Ww sNepØpI Ffp-∏-am-bncp∂p. DZm-Ø-a-\-kvIcpw hnZym-k-º-∂-cp-amb Ah¿ Xßƒ°v B[n-]-Xy-ap-≈Xpw NmXp¿h¿Wy-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-hp-ambkaqlw ChnsS cq]-s∏-SpØn. ssP\˛ _u≤-a-X-ßƒs°-Xnsc _m“-W-aXw \S-Ønb _p≤n-]-c-amb t]mcm´w CtX Ime-b-f-hn¬ Xs∂-bmWv \S-∂n-cp-∂-Xv. CXn\vt\XrXzw \¬In-bn-cp-∂Xv tIc-f-Ønse F°mesØbpw anI® [nj-Wm-im-en-bm-bn-cp∂ i¶-cm-Nm-cy-cm-bn-cp-∂p. G.-Un. 800 apX¬ 1102 hsc tIcfw hmWn-cp∂ Ipe-ti-J-c-∑m¿ _m“-W-scbpw sshjvW-h-a-X-sØbpw t]m’m-ln-∏n-®h-cm-bn-cp-∂p.Ch¿ Ht´sd t£X-ßƒ ÿm]n-®p. t£X-\n-b-¥Ww kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw sslµh]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-cmb _m“-W-cn¬ \n£n-]vX-ambn. t£XsØ tIµo-I-cn®p sIm≠vHcp P\-k-aqlw ˛ A¥-cmf hn`m-K-°m¿ ˛ Db¿∂p-h-∂p. hnZym- ym-khpw Ie-Ifpwt£X ]cn-k-c-ß-fn¬ ]qØp-e-™p-\n-∂p. Ipe-ti-J-c-km-amPyw XI-cp-Ibpw tIµo-Ir-X- -cWw A]-Xy-£-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvX-tXmsS \ºq-Xn-cn-am¿°v kmaq-ly-cm-jvSobcwKØv ]m[m\yw IqSn. Cßs\ GXm≠v ]Xn-aq∂mw iX-I-am-hp-tºm-tg°pwt£Xw hgn tIc-f-Øns‚ kmº-ØnI kmaqly Pohn-XsØ apgps° \nb-¥n-°m≥ P∑n-am¿°v km[n-®p.

Bcy-kw-kvIm-c-Øn¬ hncn™ hn⁄m-\-k-ºØpw PohnX aqey-ßfpw \¬In_m“-W¿ tIc-fsØ A\p-K-ln-®n- p-≠v. tPymXnj sshZy-cw-K-ßfpw C∆n[w kº-∂-am-bn-Øo¿∂-h-bn¬s∏-Sp-∂p. F¶nepw kmº-Øn-Im-[n-]Xyw e`n-®-tXmsS Ah¿tIc-f-Øns‚ kmwkvIm-cn-I-cwKw kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\v Imcy-amb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ A¿∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ DZm-ko-\-cmbn ImW-s∏- p. `uXn-I-kp-Jm-kzm-Z-\m-k-‡n-bn¬ Ah¿ apgp-In-bn-cp∂p F∂v kmam-\y-ambn \nco-£n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu ]X\w C¥y-bnse_m“-W¿°v apgps° D≠m-bn- p-≈-Xmbn hnth-Im-\-µ≥ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v. Bcm-[\m tIµ-ßƒ Zpjn-X-ß-fm-bn-Øo¿∂p. tZh-]q-Pbv°v kvXoIƒ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏- n-cp∂ tZh-Zm-ko-k-º-Zmbw A[:]Xn®p.

Cu A[:]X\w \ºq-Xn-cn-am¿ _‘-s∏- p-t]m∂ F√m cwK-ß-fn-ep-ap-≠m-bn.\ºq-Xn-cn-am-cpsS kpJ-tem-ep-]-Xzhpw kmwkvIm-cnI aqey-ßtfmSp≈ Ah-K-W-\bpwaWn-]-hm-f-I-hn-X-I-fn-emWv IqSp-X-embpw, ImWp-I. 13- mw iX-I-Øns‚ Bcw- -Øn¬D≠m-b-sX∂v Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂ sshin-I-X¥w apX¬ F.-Un. 1500- -Hm-Sp-IqSn hnc-Nn-X-amb Ntµm-’hw hsc-bp≈ aWn-]-hmf IrXn-Iƒ s]mXpsh kvXoI-fpsS ta\n-s°m-gp-∏ns‚ BI¿j-I-amb Bhn-jvI-c-W-ß-fm-Wv. Cu ImesØ ]e aWn-]-hm-f-Ir-Xn-Ifpw ChnsS Hcp "KWn-Im-km-lnXy'sØ krjvSn®p F∂p ]d-bmw. \ºq-Xn-cn-°-hn-I-fpsS auen-Ihpw kzX-¥-hp-amb Imhy- m-h\ apgp-h≥ \¿Ø-In-I-sfbpwKWn-I-I-sfbpw h¿Wn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Nmcn-Xm¿Yy-a-S-™p F∂Xv Zb-\o-b-am-Wv. CØ-c-



Øn¬ Po¿W-X-bpsS ]q°ƒ cNn® \ºq-Xn-cn-°-hn-I-fpsS am\-kn-Im-h-ÿ-sb-°p-dn®v A`n-]m-b-hy-Xym-k-ß-fp-≠v. F¶n¬Ø-s∂bpw Hcp Imcyw hy‡-amWv. ae-bmf IhnX aq∂p- \q-‰m-t≠mfw Imew \ºq-Xn-cn-am-cpsS ssIbn¬ tIhew kvXoh¿W-\m-]-[m-\-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. cmam-b-W-Øn-sebpw alm-`m-c-X-Øn-sebpw ]pcm-W-ß-fn-sebpw aln-tXm-Zm-c-amb Pohn-X-aq-ey-ß-fpsS Pzen-°p∂ Xo∏-¥-hp-ambn h∂ Ch¿Ihn-Xsb henb Hc-f-thmfw aqey-tim-j-W-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-°n-°-f-™p.

Fgp-Ø-—≥ ImWp∂ tIc-f-Øns‚ tIc-f-Øns‚ Zriy-anXmbn-cp-∂p.- Ihn-Xm-cw-KsØ Ahÿ CXm-sW-¶n¬ cmjvSo-b-cw-KsØ ÿnXn IqSp-X¬ Akzm-ÿy-P-\-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. tIcfw ]e Jfi-ß-fm-bn, sNdp-InS cmPy-ß-fmbn hn -Pn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw At\ym\yw Ie-ln-°p∂ \m´p-cm-Pm-°-∑m-cm¬ `cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp-t]m-cp-∂p. hmkvtIm-Un-Kma tIc-f-Øn¬ h∂-t∏mƒ tIc-f-Øn¬ sNdp-Xpw, hep--Xp-ambn41 \m´p-cm-Py-ßƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-h-tX. Xt±-io-b¿ Ass\-Iy-Ønepw Ie-l-ØnepwapgpIn Aim-¥n-bpsS hnØv hnX-®-t∏mƒ ChnsS I®-h-S-Øn-\p-h∂ t]m¿®p-Ko-kp-Im¿°v Imcyw km[n-°m≥ A\p-Iq-e-amb kml-Ncyw Hcp-°n. t]m¿®p-Ko-kp-Im-cn¬]ecpw Iqccpw aX-]-N-c-W-Øn¬ AXym- n-\n-th-i-ap-≈-hcpw Bbn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ \m´p-Imsc \n¿_-‘n®v aX-]-cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn\v hnt[-b-cm-°n-sb∂v NcnXw hy‡-am-°p-∂p.

Cßs\ t\m°p-tºmƒ HcphiØv sslµh XØz-ßƒ Ihn-X-bn-eq-sSbpw a‰pw]N-cn-∏n®v P\-ßƒ°v k∑m¿KnI t_m[w \¬tI-≠-h¿ Aßs\ sNøm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw adp-h-iØv t]m¿®p-Ko-kp-Im¿ ]mtZ-in-I-amb A¥;OnZsØ apX-se-SpØpaX-]o-U\w \SØn sslµh kaq-lsØ hWn-X-am-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ kwPm-X-amb Akzm-ÿy-amWv Fgp-Ø-—-\nse BNm-cy-s\bpw Ihn-sbbpw DW¿Øn-bXvF∂v Icp-Xm-hp∂XmWv. Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb kaq-l-Øn\pw al-Ømb Pohn-X-Øn\pwth≠n A`n-e-jn® A∂sØ kaqlw Hcp c£-Is\ Nq≠n-Im-´p∂ I¿Øhyw]hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sSXpw BNm-cy-∑m-cp-sSXpw BWv. CØcw c£-Is\ Is≠-Øp∂a\- ns‚ At\z-j-W-amWv C¥y-bn¬ `‡n-bmbn ]cn-W-an-®-Xv. CXn-lm-k-ß-fnsec≠p-Pze IYm-]m-X-ßsf tIc-fo-b-cpsS c£-I-cmbn Fgp-Ø-—≥ Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn®p.Aßs\ Xs‚ Ime-L- -tØm-Sp≈ ISa Fgp-Ø-—≥ \n¿h-ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

C¥y-bnse `IvXn ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ ]tXy-IX Cu `‡-∑m-sc√mw Ihn-IfpwKmb-I-∑mcpw Bbn-cp∂p F∂-Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v `‡n-]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ hf¿®-bpsS DPPz-e-amb tcJ-I-fmbn `‡n-Im-hy-ßƒ \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p. as‰mcp ]tXy-IXAXv PmXn-Nn-¥sb Ah-K-Wn-°p-Ibpw kmaq-lnIamb D®-\o-Nm-h-ÿ-Isf \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p F∂-Xm-Wv. F√m PmXn-bn-epw-s]´ k\ym-kn-am¿ A∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Cuiz-cs‚ ap∂n¬ ‡n-bpsS ]cn-K-W-\-bn¬, F√m-hcpw ka≥am-cm-sW∂XØzw P\-ßƒ°v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°m≥ k\ym-kn-am¿°p km[n-®n-cp-∂p.bmYm-ÿn-XnI _m“-WXzw ]Wn-Xp-b¿Øn-b, NmXp¿h¿Wy-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb kaq-l-Øns‚ Im¿°-iysØ ka-Xz-Nn-¥m-K-Xn-bpsS B¿Z-X-sIm≠v am¿Z-h-ap-≈-Xm-°m≥`‡n-]-ÿm-\-Øn\p Ign-™n-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ A[:ÿnX-P-\-hn- m-K-ßƒ°v`‡n- h¿K-]-c-amb Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p. tIc-f-Ønepw `‡n-]-ÿm-\sØ hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-Ø-h¿ _m“-W-cm-bn-cp-∂n-√. _m“-tW-X-c-cpsS sshIm-cn-Im-h-iy-sØ-bmWv`‡n-]-ÿm\w AXns‚ BZy-Imeßfn¬ \n¿h-ln-®Xv .

C¥y≥ P\-h¿K-Øns‚ sshIm-cn-tIm-ZvK-Y\w c≠p L´-ß-fn-em-bmWv \S-°p-∂-Xv. CXn-lmk ˛ ]pcmW IY-Iƒ C¥y-bn¬ ka-K-ambn hym]n-®-tXm-sS-bmWvBZy-L´w ]q¿W-am-bXv. P\-ßƒ°n-S-bnse \m\m-Xcw sshcp-[y-ßsf C√m-Xm°nHtc Xmf-Øn¬ `mc-Xob a\- p-Isf kv]µn-∏n-°m≥ t]cW sNep-Ønb `‡n-]-ÿm-\-amWv c≠mw L´sØ ]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂-Xv. CXp c≠pw ]e `qhn- m-K-ß-fnepw ]e Ime-b-f-hn-em-bn- mWv kw -hn-®-Xv. CXn¬ c≠mw L´w tIc-fsØ kw_-



‘n-®n-S-tØmfw IS-∂p-h-∂Xv apJy-ambpw Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Ihn-X-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. Aßs\tIc-fo-b-cpsS bpK-k-jvSmhpw bpK-]- m-h-\p-amb Ihn-bmWv Fgp-Ø-—≥. * (I-S-∏mSv;- F≥.-ap-Ip-µ≥˛ Infn-∏m´v, tIcf `mjm C≥Ãn-‰yq-´v).Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Poh-N-cnXw

16- mw iX-I-Øn-emWv Fgp-Ø-—≥ Pohn-®n-cp-∂Xv . s]mXpsh `mjmNcn-X-Im-c-∑m¿ AwKo-I-cn® Ime-b-fhv BWv CXv. F∂mepw C°m-cy-Øn¬ A`n-]mb hyXym-k-ßƒ C√m-Xn-√. tIc-f-Iu-apZn I¿Øm-hmb tImhpÆn s\Sp-ßm-Sn-bpsS ]£-Øn¬ Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Pohn-X-Imew 15-˛mw iX-I-am-Wv. Kp≠¿´n\pw _¿Wm-en\pwCXv 17- mw iX-I-am-Wv. ae-bm-f- m-jm-N-cn-X-Im-c-\mb ]n. tKmhn-µ-]n≈ ]d-bp-∂XvG.-Un. 1525 \pw 1625 \pw at[y-bmWv Fgp-Ø-—≥ Pohn-®n-cp-∂Xv F∂m-Wv. B¿.\mcm-b-W-∏-Wn-°¿, D≈q¿ ]c-ta-izc Aø¿, kmln-Xy-]-©m-\-\≥ ]n.-sI. \mcm-b-W-]n-≈, tUm. tNe-\m´v ANyp-X-ta-t\m≥ F∂n-h¿ 16- mw iX-I-Øns‚ ]£-Øm-Wv.

Xncq¿ sdbn¬th-tÃ-j-\-SpØv Xr°-≠n-bq¿ inh-t£-X-Øn\v kao]w C∂v"Xp©≥]-dsº'∂v hnJym-X-amb ÿe-ØmWv Fgp-Ø-—≥ P\n-®Xv F∂v s]mXpshAwKo-I-cn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. B[ym-fln-I-amb A¥-co-£-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚Pohn-Xw. At±-l-Øns‚ tPyjvT-\mbn "cma≥' F∂ BNm-cy≥ D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbna\- n-em-°mw. Nn‰q¿ Kpcp-aTw ÿm]n® Fgp-Ø-—\v Icp-Wm-I-c≥, kqcy-\m-cm-b-W≥ XpS-ßnb injy≥am¿ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

Fgp-Ø-—s‚ P\-\-sØ-°-pdn®v th≠-Xn-e-[nIw sFXn-ly-ß-fp-≠v. \ΩpsSkmln-Xy-N-cn-X-Im-c-∑m¿ ]ecpw Ch tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. A—≥ _m“-W\pwAΩ N°m-e-\m-b¿ kvXobpw Bbn-cp-∂p-sh∂v sFXn-ly-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw a\- n-em-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. A_m-“-W-\m-bn-cp∂p BNm-cy≥ F∂v Duln-°p-∂-Xn¬ sX‰n-√.Nne tcJ-Iƒ hgnbpw A√m-sXbpw Bcm-[y-\mb BNm-cys‚ NnXw sXfn™p\n¬°p-∂p-≠v. A∂sØ tIc-fob cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS B[ym-fln-Im-Nm-cy-\m-bn-cp-∂p-hsX Fgp-Ø-—≥. tImgn-t°m´v kmaq-Xn-cn-bpsS Kpcp-hm-bn-cp∂p Fgp-Ø-—≥ F∂pwhnizm-k-ap-≠v. Bgvhm-t©cn Xºm-°-fpsS DÆn-Isf ]Tn-∏n-®p. Xºm-°-fpsS BK-l-]-Imcw A[ym-fl-cm-am-bWw hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXp. F∂n-ßs\ thsdbpw sFXn-ly-ßƒ BNm-cy\v Np‰pw ]cn-thjw Nm¿Øn-s°m≠v ]cn-tim- n-°p-∂p. an°-hmdpwB[ym-flnI PohnXw \bn-®n-cp∂ Fgp-Ø-—≥ hntZ-i-hmkw \S-Øn-b-Xmbn A`n-]m-b-ap-≠v. 14- mw iX-I-Øn¬ cNn-°-s∏´ A[ymflcm-am-bWw Aß-s\-bm-WsXBNm-cys‚ ssIbn¬ h∂p s] -Xv.ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bpw Infn-∏m´p ]ÿm-\-hpw

Fgp-Ø-—\p tijw Infn-∏m´p ]ÿm-\Øn\v D≈-S-°-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬hnIm-k-ap-≠m-sb-¶nepw Ihn-Xm-aqeyw ]cn-K-Wn-®m¬ Xf¿®-bmWv t\cn- Xv . CXn-lm-k-ßƒ°p ]pd-sa, an°hmdpw ]pcm-W-ßƒ, B[ym-fln-I-Ir-Xn-Iƒ, \oXn-im-kvX-K-Ÿ-ßƒ, sFXn-ly-I-Y-Iƒ F∂n-h-sb√mw Dƒs°m≠v \ΩpsS B[ym-fln-I-˛-`-‡n- -ssh-⁄m-\n-I-ta-J-e-Isf kº-∂-am°nbXv Infn-∏m´p ]ÿm-\am-Wv.

Imhy-ssi-en-bpsS ]£-Øp-\n∂p t\m°p-tºmgpw Infn-∏m-´p-]-ÿm-\-Øns‚]m[m\yw Ipd-®p-Im-Wm≥ Ign-bn-√. `n∂-c-km-hn-jvI-c-W-Øn\v `n∂-ssien F∂kao-]\w Infn-∏m-´p-]m-ÿm-\-Øns‚ hym]-\-tØmsS Ihn-Iƒ km¿h-Xn-I-am-bn -kzo-Icn®ncp-∂p.

GXp Kuc-h-ap≈ hnjbw ]Xn-]m-Zn-°m\pw Zmhn-U-hr-Ø-ßƒ°v Icp-Øp≠vF∂v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv Infn-∏m- p-I-fm-Wv. tIIbpw ImI-fnbpw B[p-\nI Ihn-Iƒ ]tXyI Xmev]-cy-tØmsS D]-tbm-Kn-®p-t]m-cp-∂Xv Infn-∏m- ns‚ t]c-W-bpsS^e-amsW∂p ]d-bm-w.



Infn-∏m´v ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ ta∑ Hcp alm-]-Xn- -bpsS DPz-e-amb km∂n-[y-am-Wv. B Pzen-°p∂ A·n-in-J-bn¬ \n∂pw sImfp-Ønb sNdp-Xn-cn-Iƒ amX-amWva‰p ]e Infn-∏m-´p-I-hn-Ifpw. anI® Ih-\-]-Xn-`-I-fpsS krjvSn-Iƒ Ah-cpsS khn-tij hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ ]Im-i-\w IqSn-bmWv. hy‡nXzw A\p-I-c-Wm-Xo-X-am-Wv.Fgp-Ø-—s‚ ]Xn-`-bn¬ hnf™ Infn-∏m-´p-Isf A\p-I-cn-®p-≠m-hp∂ IrXn-Iƒc≠mw Xctam aq∂mw Xctam Bbn-Øo-cpI kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. CXn\pw ]pd-sa, ]tXy-I-amb kmaq-ly-˛-kmw-kvIm-cnI kml-N-cy-Øn-emWv Fgp-Ø-—≥ cmam-bWw Infn-∏m´pw `mcXw Infn-∏m´pw cNn-®-Xv. 16-˛mw iX-I-Øn¬ Fgp-Ø-—\v A\p-`-h-s∏´kmwkvIm-cn-Im-h-iy-ß-fpsS kΩ¿Zw ]n¬°m-e-I-hn-Iƒ°v AtX \ne-bn¬ D≠m-bncp-∂p-an√.hni-Z-]-T\w:

kpµ-c-ImWvUwA≤yflcmabWØn\v _meImWvUw Atbm≤ymImWvUw, BcWyImWvUw,

Injv°n‘mImWvUw, kpµcImWvUw, bp≤ImWvUw F∂nßs\ BdvA≤ymbßfp≠v. Chbn¬ kpµcImWvUsamgn®p≈ A©≤ymbßfpsS t]cvkv]jvSamWv. F∂m¬ kqµcImWvUw F∂ t]cns‚ A¿∞w AX kv]jvSa√.at\mlcamb ImWvUw F∂¿∞Øn¬ kpµcImWvUw F∂p t]cnSm≥ \ymban√.kpµc≥ (ZqX≥) ][m\ IYm]mXambncn°p∂ ImWvUw F∂ \nebvt° CuImWvU\maw A\z¿∞ambncn°pIbp≈p. ZqX\mb l\pams‚ ]hrØnIfmWvCu ImWvUØns‚ hnjbw.

koXmt\zjWm¿∞w kpKoh\m¬ \mep Zn°nte°pw Abbv°s∏´hm\c∑mcn¬ Z£nWZn°nte°p t]mb AwKZmZnIƒ kapZ ewL\Øn\pam¿§amtemNn®v HSphn¬ l\pam≥ Xs∂bmWv IS¬ NmSnIS°phm≥ ka¿∞≥F∂v Xocpam\n°p∂tXmSpIqSn InjvIn‘mImWvUw Ahkm\n°p∂p.

iocma\maw P]n°p∂ `‡\v kwkmckmKcw IS°phm≥ FfpXmbncnt°,Iøn¬ cmamwKpeobhpw hln®v cmaZqX\mbn∏pds∏ńcn°p∂ X\n°v Cu sNdnbkapZsØ IS°phm≥ `bans√∂v ]d™v l\pam≥ hmepb¿Øn ssIhncn®vIgpØp \oń Nmámcw`n®p. l\pams‚ kmlkw I≠v Aºc∂ tZh∑m¿ Ipcßns‚tijn H∂p ]cn£n®p Ifbmsa∂p IcpXn \mKamXmhmb kpcksb]h\kpXPhKXn apS°phm\mbn \ntbmKn®p. Xs∂ hngpßphm≥ hm ]nf¿∂pap∂n¬\n¬°p∂ kpcksb I≠v l\pam≥ kzicocw GXm\pw aSßp hf¿Øn.kpck AXns\mØv IqSpX¬ hnkvXmcØn¬ hm ]nf¿∂p. l\pams‚ icochpwkpckbpsS hmbpw XpS¿∂v Hcp hep∏ a’cw \S∂p. c£bns√∂p a\ nem°nbl\pam≥ s]s´∂p IriKmX\mbn kpckbpsS D≈n¬°bdn Xt]m_ewsIm≠v]pdØpIS∂p.kpck ]ns∂ ]co£WØn\p \n¬°msX l\pams\ A`n\µn®vA\pKln®v Ab®p. A\¥cw cmaZqX\p hniaw \¬Iphm≥ kapZw ]d™b®]Imcw ssa\mI]¿∆Xw BXnYyØns\mcpßnb¶nepw AsXm∂pw kzoIcn°msXl\pam≥ bmX XpS¿∂p. apIfn¬ IqSn ]d∂pt]mIp∂hsc \ng¬ ]nSn®p\n¿ØnsIm∂p Xn∂p∂ knwlnIbmbncp∂p ASpØ ieyw. Ahsf l\pam≥sXmgn®psIm∂p. k‘ytbmSpIqSnAt±lw e¶mtKm]pcØnseØn.

tZlw sNdpXm°n CSØpIm¬h®p AIØp IS°m≥ ian® l\pams\tKm]pcw ImØp\n∂ e¶me£van XSpØp \n¿Øn ]lcn®p. l\pam≥Xncn®psImSpØ apjvSn]lcta‰v e¶me£van \new]Xn®p. CtXmSpIqSnim]tam£w h∂ e£van l\pam\v hnPbmiwkIƒ t\¿∂v e¶bn¬ \n∂p]n≥hmßn. A\¥cw e¶bnse√mw hfsct\cw At\zjn®p \S∂Xn\ptijamWvinwi]mhr£t®mń¬ \nimNcnIfm¬ Np‰s∏´v tJZn®ncn°p∂ koXsb l\pam≥I≠Xv. hr£Øns‚ imJbn¬ ad™ncp∂v e£yw km[n®Xnep≠mb



IrXm¿∞XtbmsS cmaZqX≥ Ipds™m∂p hnian°sh cmhW≥irwKmcthjaWn™v koXsb A\p\bn∏n°m≥ AhnsSsbØn. \n mc\mbcmas\ ad∂p XntemI NIh¿Ønbmb Xs∂ kzoIcn°phm≥ cmhW≥ koXtbmSvtIWt]£ns®¶nepw ]XnhXbpsS tIm]w Pzen∏n°phmt\ B ]Wb]IS\w]tbmP\s∏´p≈q. cmhW≥ koXsbs°m√phm≥ hmtfmßn. F¶nepw aWvtUmZcnCu ]m]I¿ΩØn¬ \n∂p `¿Ømhns\ ]n¥ncn∏n°pIbmWp≠mbXv. koXbpsSa\ p am‰phm≥ \nimNcnItfmS v B⁄m]n®tijw c≠pamkw IqSn£an®ncn°msa∂ \n›btØmsS AgInb cmhW≥ h∂hgn Xncn®pt]mbn.\nimNcnIfn¬ XnPS F∂hƒ cmhW\miw kz]v\w I≠ncp∂Xn\m¬ koXsbAe´phm≥ Ah¿°p `bambncp∂p. Ahsc√mw InS∂pdßn.

koX X\n®mbt∏mƒ k¶Sw kln°msX Fgpt∂‰p \n∂p XmWpInS∂ Hcpinwi]mimJbpw Ahew_n®p IÆp\o¿ hogvØn Ic™pXpSßn. CsX√mw I≠vhr£imJbnencp∂ l\pam≥ ]Xps° iocmahrØm¥Øn¬ XpSßn Xm≥AhnsS FØnbncn°p∂ IYhsc ]d™p Xo¿Øp. CXptI´v kt¥mjn® koX‘F\n°v I¿ÆmarXamb Cu hm°pIƒ Hcp ]pcpjt‚XmsW¶n¬ B am\y≥Fs‚ apºn¬ ImWmbvhcs´’ F∂p ]d™t∏mƒ l\pam≥ Xmsgbndßnh∂vtZhnbpsS Imev°¬ \akvIcn®p. F¶nepw ambmhnbmb cmhWs‚IpkrXnbmIptam CsX√mw F∂ `bwsIm≠v koXmtZhn an≠mXncp∂tXbp≈q.H∂pw t]Sn°s≠∂pw Xm≥ kpKohs‚ kNnh\msW∂pwEPparZpkv^pSh¿ÆhmIyambn Adnbn® sshbmIcW\mb l\pams\ ]ns∂Ahnizknt°≠Xns√∂p tXm∂pIbm¬ tZhn At±ltØmSp hntijßƒtNmZn®p. l\pam≥ IYsb√mw hnkvXcn®p ]d™v A`n⁄m\ambn sIm≠ph∂cmamwKpeobw koXbv°p sImSp°pIbpw cma≥ ]d™b® ASbmfhmIywAdnbn°pIbpw sNbvXp.

koXbn¬ \n∂v ASbmfambn NqUmaWnbpw ASbmf hmIyambnPb¥IYbpw Kln®p l\pam≥ bmX ]d™p. F¶nepw DSs\ IS¬°phm\√At±lØn\v tXm∂nbXv. ][m\Imcyw km[n°p∂tXmsSm∏w thsd NneXpIqSnkm[n°p∂h\mWv DØaZqX≥. AXn\m¬ cmhWs\°≠v Imcyw]d™pt]mIWsa∂ \n›btØmsS l\pam≥ AXns\mcp hgnbmbn DZym\wXI¿ØpXpSßn. FXn¿Øp h∂ Imh¬°msc√mw £tW\ sIm√s∏´p.hnhcadn™ cmhW≥ \qdmbncw tbm≤m°sf Ab-®p. l\p-ams‚ KZm-]-tbm-K-Øn¬ F√m-hcpw Xhn-Sp-s]m-Sn-bmbn. ]ns∂ h∂ tk\m-\m-b-I-∑m¿°pw a¥n-]p-X-∑m¿°pw CXp-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp∂p A\p-`-hw. A\-¥cw cmh-Ws‚ Cf-b-]p-X-\mbA£-Ip-am-c≥ h∂p. ASn-tb‰p acn-®p. XpS¿∂v FXn-cn´ Cµ-PnØv l\p-am\v \n m-c-\m-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw Abmƒ A‰ Iømbn ]tbm-Kn® _“m-kvXsØ _lp-am-\n®pl\p-am≥ tamlm-e-ky-s∏´p InS-∂p. _‘-\-ÿ-\mb l\p-am≥ cmh-W-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ ]th-in-°-s∏- p. kZ- n¬ h®p cmas\ ]pI-gvØnbpw cma-ssh-cnsb CI-gvØnbpwl\p-am≥ ]d™ hm°p-Iƒ tI´v tcmjm-‘-\mb cm£- -N-I-h¿Øn Chs\ shń-\p-dp-°p-hn≥ F∂m-⁄m-]n-®p. ZqXs\s°m√pI tbmKy-a-s√∂p ]d-bp-hm≥ kZ- n-sem-cm-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. hnòjW≥, hm\-c-Øn\p hmemWv ][m-\w. AXn\p XosImfpØn ] -W-Øn¬ sIm≠p-\-S∂p ]Z¿in-∏n-®m¬ \√ in£-bm-bn-s°m-≈p-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p hnò-j-Ws‚ D]-tZ-iw. cm£-k-∑m¿ l\pams\ hcn-™p-sI- n. hmen¬XpWn-Np‰n Xobpw sImfp-Øn. l\p-am≥ s]´∂v Iri-Km-X-\m-Ip-Ibpw _‘-\-hn-ap-‡-\mbn taevt∏m-t´°v NmSp-Ibpw sNbvXp. koX-bn-cp∂ `mKhpw hnò-j-Ws‚hoSp-sam-gnsIbp≈ e¶ apgp-h\pw Nmº-em-b-Xm-bn-cp∂p êw. IS-en-en-dßn XosISpØnb tijw ho≠pw koX-sb-°≠v hnS-hm-ßnb l\p-am≥ \njv]-bmkwC°cbv°p NmSn-°-S-∂p. Iq´p-Im-cp-ambn iocm-a-k-a£w hs∂-Ønb l\p-am\p InńbkzmKXw Duln-°m-t\-bm-hq. iocma-tZ-hs‚ Bt«jw A\p- -hn-°m≥ `mKy-ap-≠mbl\p-am-t\mSv Akq-b-s∏-´p-sIm≠v cma-`-‡m-Vy-\mb Fgp-Ø-—≥ kpµ-c-ImWvUwkpµ-c-ambn Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂p.



aqe-K-Ÿ-a-\p-k-cn®v X¿÷a sNøpI amX-amWv Fgp-Ø-—-\s‚ ][m\ I¿Ø-hy-sa-¶nepw kzX-¥-amb Iev]-\-Iƒ sIm≠v Hmtcmtcm `mh-ßsf Ipsd-°qSn ]Im-in-∏n-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬ At±lw hcp-Øn-bn- p≈ hyXn-bm-\-ßƒ X Bkz-mZy-I-c-am-Wv.aqe-K-Ÿ-Øn¬ \mev t«mI-Øn¬ kwK-ln-®n-cn-°p∂ e¶m-Z-l-\-IY Fgp-Ø—≥\qdn¬∏cw hcn-I-fn¬ kc-k-ambn∏d-™p-t]m-Ip-∂-p.

aqe-K-Ÿ-Øn¬ Ihn IY ]d-bp-∂p. X¿÷-a-bn¬ kc-kzXn hnf-bm-Sp-I-bmWvsNøp-∂-Xv. ]m¬°-S¬Ønc X≈n-tbdn hcp-∂-Xp-t]mse ]Z-ßƒ Xs‚ \mhn¬°-fn-°p-sa-∂p Ip©≥\-ºym¿ ]d™p ImWp-∂p. hmcn-[n-X-∂n¬Øn-c-am-e-I-sf-∂-t]mse ]Zm-hen Imte-Imte tXm∂-W-sa∂v Fgp-Ø-—≥ A≤ym-fl-cm-am-b-W-Øns‚Bcw- -Øn¬ kc-kz-Xn-tbmSp ]m¿∞n-°p∂p≠v. \ºym-cpsS Bfl-]-iwk t`mjvIm-bn-√. F∂-Xp-t]mse Fgp-Ø-—s‚ ]m¿∞\ hn -e-hpam-bn-√. hmcn-[n-bnse Xnc-ame t]mse-bp≈ ]Zm-h-en°v Fgp-Ø-—≥ IrXn-I-fn¬ \n∂p In´p∂ DØ-tam-Zm-l-c-W-amWv kpµ-c-Im-WvUw.

`‡-Ihn ]q¥m\w

Fgp-Ø-—≥, ta¬]p-Øq¿ F∂n-h-cpsS ka-Im-en-I-\m-bn-cp-∂p, ae-bm-f-Ønse`mjm -I-hn-I-fn¬ AtK-k-c-\m-bn-cp∂ ]q¥m\w \ºq-Xn-cn. At±-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-sØ-∏‰n hy‡-amb Adn-hp-Itfm Ncn-X-tc-J-Itfm C√. Gdn-b-Iqdpw sFXn-ly-ßsf Bkv]-Z-am-°n-bp≈ hnh-c-ß-fmWv \ap°p e`n-®n- p-≈-Xv. ]q¥m\Øns‚ ImewF.-Un. 1548 \pw 1640\pw at≤y-bm-sW∂v s]mXpth AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏- n- p-≠v. ]gbh≈p-h-\m-´p-Xm-eq-°n¬ s\t∑\n hwi-Øn-emWv ]q¥m\w C√w. Ihn-bpsS t]cv_“-Z-Ø≥ F∂m-sW-∂p≈ Nne-cpsS A`n-]mbw D≈q¿ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. At±lw Xs‚ IrXn-I-fn¬ Kqcp-hmbn kvacn-°p∂ \oe-I-WvT≥ Bsc∂phy‡-a-√. ]q¥m\w sXmÆqdp hb-t mfw Pohn-®n-cp-∂-Xm-bn k¥m-\-tKm-]mewhy‡-am°p∂p. `mjm-I¿Æm-ar-X-Øn¬ Cßs\ ImWmw:

‘Xz∂m-a-k-¶o¿Ø-\-sa-Æn-sbÆnsXmÆp-d-Sp-Øp-]-cn-h-’-cwta’

Sn-∏p-d-Øp-Xn-cp-am-‘mw-Ip-∂n\p kao]w ‘CS-Øp-]pdw’ Fs∂mcp IrjvW-kzman t£X-ap≠v. Cu IrjvW-\mWv ]q¥m-\-Øns‚ Bcm-[-\m-aq¿Øn-bmb ‘hma-]p-cm-[o-i≥’.CXn\p kao-]-am-bn-cp∂p ]q¥m\w C√w F∂v Hcp A`n-]m-b-ap-≠v.

]q¥m-\-sØ-∏‰n Ht´sd sFXn-ly-ßƒ ]Nm-c-Øn-ep-≠v. Kpcp-hm-bq-c-∏s\ kZm`Pn-®p-sIm≠v Imew Ign-®n-cp∂ At±lw \s√mcp `mK-h-X-]m-cm-b-W-°m-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. HmØn-√mØ \ºq-Xn-cn-bm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. thZm-[n-Imcw C√mØ C°q-´-¿Hcp Xmgv∂ hn`m-K-ambn IcpX-s∏- n-cp-∂p. ]t£ At±-l-Øns‚ `‡n \n¿ -c-amb`K-hXw hmb\ alm-]-WvUn-X-∑m-sc-t∏mepw A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øn-. ‘k¥m-\-tKm-]mew’]m\ -c-Nn-®-Xn¬ kºo-X-\mb Kpcp-hm-bq-c-∏s‚ A\p-Klw aqe-amWv At±-l-Øn\vHcp DÆn D≠m-b-Xv. ]t£ Ccp- p-ap-dn-bn¬ InS-∂n-cp∂ B Ipń-bpsS ta¬ Btcmapjn™ hkvX-ßƒ hmcn-bn-´p F∂pw Aßs\ B inip acn-°m≥ CS-bmbnF∂p-amWv IY. Cu Zp:Jw kln-°m-\m-hmsX inip-hns‚ PUw aSn-bn¬ InS-Øn-s°m≠v At±lw sNm√n-bp-≠m-°n-b-Xm-WtX ⁄m\-∏m-\. AXn-\p-tijw \mSp-hn´ At±lw C√-tØ°p aS-ßn-bn-√. ]q¥m-\-Øns‚ ]mWvUn-Xy-an-√m-bvasb ta¬]-pØq¿ ]cn-l-kn-®-IY hfsc ]kn-≤-am-Wv. Xs‚ k¥m-\-tKm-]mew H∂p ]cn-tim-[n®p ]ng Xo¿Øp Xc-W-sa∂ ]q¥m-\-Øns‚ At]£ ta¬]p-Øq¿ \nc-kn-®-Xmbpw A∂p cmXn ta¬]p-Øq-cn\p hmX-tcmKw aq¿—n-®-Xmbpw Cu IY-bn¬ ]d-bp-∂p. ta¬]p-Øp-cns‚ hn`-‡n-sb-°mƒ(]m-WvUn-Xy-sØ-°mƒ) ]q¥m-\-Øns‚`‡n-bmWv X\n-°n-jvS-sa∂v Kpcp-hm-bq-c-∏≥ Acp-fn-s®-bvXp. (Cu sFXn-lyamWvalm-Ihn h≈-tØm-fns‚ `‡nbpw hn -‡nbpw F∂ Ihn-X-bpsS ]ta-bw) sImń-bq¿ t£X-Ønse aq¿Øn-bmb ]c-a-in-h\v ]q¥m-\-Øns‚ `mK-hXw hmb\ FXtIń´pw aXn h∂n-s√∂pw Zia-kvI-‘Ønse I¿ln-Nn-Z-[ymbw tIƒ°m-\mbn tZh≥



Xs∂ \ntXy\ AS-bmfw am‰n h®p-t]m∂p F∂pw as‰mcp IY-bp-≠v. ]q¥m-\sØHcn-°¬ Hcp-k-wLw sIm≈-°m¿ hf-™-t∏mƒ, kmap-Xn-cn-bpsS a¥n-bmb aßm- -®s‚ cq]-Øn¬ Kpcp-hm-bq-c-∏≥ ]Xy-£-s∏´v c£n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. aßm´®-\v \µn-]q¿∆w ]q¥m\w Xs‚ tamXncw kΩm-\n-®p. ]nt‰∂v AXv Kpcp-hm-bq-c-∏s‚ hnK-l-Øn¬ ImW-s∏- p. k¥m-\-tKm-]m-e-Ønse sshIpWvTØns‚ h¿Æ\ ]q¥m-\-Øn\v kz]v\-cq-t]W e`n® sshIp-WvT-Z¿i-\-Øns‚ ^e-am-bn-cp-∂p. hm¿≤-IyhpwtcmKhpw aqew Kpcq-hm-bp-cn¬ t]mIm-\m-ImsX ]q¥m\w InS-∏n-em-b-t∏mƒ, Kpcp-hm-bq-c-∏≥ ]-Xy-£-s∏´ ÿm\-ØmWv CS-∏p-d-Øp -t£Xw ÿm]n-®n- p-≈-Xv. ac-Wm-k-∂-\mbn InS∂ ]q¥m-\sØ ioIr-jvW≥ t\cn- p- ]-Xy-£-s∏´v DS-temsS kz¿§-tØ-°p- sIm-≠p-t]mbn F∂-XmWv as‰mcp IY. ]caZcn-Z\pw IdI-f™ Cuiz-c--‡-\p-am-bn-cp∂p ]q¥m-\-sa-∂pw, ]ma-c-P-\-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ `mjm-Ir-

Xn-Ifpw Io¿Ø\-ßfpw hºn® ]Nmcw t\Sn-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw Cu IY-Iƒ hy‡-am-°p-∂p.

]q¥m-\-Øns‚ IrXn-Iƒ F∂v \nkvX¿°-ambn AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏- n- p≈ IrXn-I-fmWv ioIr-jvW-I¿Æm-ar-Xw, k¥m-\-tKm-]mew ]m\, ⁄m\-∏m\ F∂n-h. k¥m-\-tKm-]m-e-Øns‚ ]mcw-`-Øn¬“aXn-sN∂p Ipam-c-lc-WamwIY-X-∂n¬ apgp-In-®-a-I-bm¬”F∂p-Im-Wp-∂-Xp-sIm≠p B Ir-Xn-bpsS t]cv ‘Ipam-c-l-cWw’ F∂m-sW∂v D≈q¿A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]q¥m-\-sa-gp-Xnb IYm-Jym\][m-\-amb GIIrXn CXm-Wv.eoem-ip-Is‚ ‘ioIr-jvW-I¿Æm-arXw’ F∂ kwkvIr-X-Im-hysØ amXr-I-bm-°nbpwAXns\ A\p-I-cn-®p-amWv ]q¥m\w ‘`mjm-I¿Æm-arXw’ cNn--®-Xv. ]pX-ZqxJwaqewa\- p-cpIn temI-hn-c-‡n-bn-se-Øn-t®¿∂ ]q¥m\w Cuiz-c-⁄m-\-sØ-°p-dn®v cNn®efn-X-amb ]m\-∏m- mWv ⁄m\-∏m\. Cu `mjm-Ir-Xn-Iƒ IqSmsX kwkvIr-X-Ønepw Xan-gn-ep-ambn 26 IrXn-Iƒ ]q¥m\w cNn-®n- p-≈-Xmbn KWn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ch-bn¬ Gdnb ]¶pw Io¿Ø-\-ßfmWv. tIc-fo-b-Kr-l-ß-fn¬ ]Xn-hmbn k‘ym-\m-a-ambn sNm√n-t∏m-∂n´p≈ Io¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]eXpw ]q¥m-\-Øns‚ cN-\-I-fm-Wv.“AºmSnX∂n-sem-cp-Æn-bp-≠-ßs\ . . . . . .” F∂p XpS-ßp∂ ‘B\-µ-\rØw’hfsc ]kn-≤-am-Wv.`‡n-]-ÿm-\hpw ]q¥m-\hpw

FgpØ—s‚ IrXn-I-sf-°-gn-™m¬ `mc-Xo-b-`-‡n-]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-I-sf√mw HØn-Wßn°mWp-∂Xv ]q¥m-\-Øns‚ IrXn-I-fn-em-Wv. `‡n-bpsSalna,kzh¿§-Øns‚ Po¿ÆX, DÆn-Ir-jvWs‚ eoe-Iƒ F∂nh Cu IrXn-I-fn¬\nd-™p-\n¬°p-∂p.

F.Un 12 apX¬ 16 hsc-bp≈ \q‰m-≠pI-fn¬ `mc-Xob kwkvIm-c-N-cn-X-Øn¬hcp-Ønb hºn® ]cn-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS ^e-am-bn-cp∂p, XpS¿∂p-≠mb `‡n-]-ÿm-\w. apKƒ`-c-W-Øns‚ £tbm-∑p-J-X, hntZ-i-i-‡n-I-fpsS hchv, ]mtZ-in-I- hn-`mKßfn-ep-≠mb DW¿∆v, C…mw ˛ ssIkvX-h-a-X-ß-fn-eqsS ]Ncn® GI-ssZ-h-hn-izmkw F∂nh Cu Ime-L- -Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. ]t£ lnµp-a-X-Ønse]_-e-amb _m“-Wm-[n-]-Xy-tØ-tbm, PmXn-hy-h-ÿ-tbtbm inYn-e-am-°m≥ Ch-bvs°m∂pw Ign-™n-√. Cu h¿§-ta-[m-hn-Xz-Øns‚ Xn‡- -e-ßƒ a[y-h¿§-Øn¬s∏--h-cpw Iotg-°n-S-bn-ep-≈-hcpw A\p- -hn-t°-≠n-h-∂p. Ch¿ ssIsØm-gn-ep-I-fn-eq-

sSbpw a‰pw kmº-Øn-I-kzm-X¥yw t\Sn _m“-Wm-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn Hcp sNdp-Øp-\n¬∏v F∂ \ne-bn¬ `‡n-]-ÿm-\sØ hf¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cßs\ 15 ˛16 \q‰m≠pIfn-embn i‡n-]m-]n® `‡n-]-ÿm\w hnhn-[-tZ-iob P\-hn- m-K-ß-fpsSDb¿sØ-gp-t∂¬∏n\pw tZio-b- m-j-I-fp-sSbpw kmln-Xy-ß-fp-sSbpw hf¿®bv°pw hgn-sX-fn-®p. kmln-Xy-Ønse ‡n-]-ÿm-\-Øn\p t\XrXzw sImSpØ dmbn-Zmkv, I_o¿,Xp°m-dw, XpS-ßnb Ihn-I-sf-√m-hcpw Xs∂ A_m-“-Wcpw Xmgv∂-Xcw sXmgn-ep-



Iƒ sNbvXn-cp -∂-hcpw Bbn-cp-∂p. kwkvIr-X-Øns‚ apºn¬ hy‡nXzap≈tZi-`m-j-Isf Ah¿ ]Xn-jvTn -®p. thtZ-Xn -lm-k-ßƒ tZi-`m-j-I-fnte°p]I¿∂m¬ ssZh-in-£-In-´p -sa∂ hmZsØ \ncm-I-cn -®p. ssZh-Øn-\p-ap -ºn¬F√m-hcpw ka≥am-cm-sW∂v `‡n-]-ÿm\w kn≤m-¥n-®p. `‡n-bn-eqsSGh¿ v°pw Cuiz - c -km -£m¬°mcw km[n -°p - sa -∂ -h¿ ka¿∞n -® p .kvt\lsØ Cuiz -c -\m -bn -°-cpXn. Cuiz -c -` -‡nbpw a\p -jy-kvt\-lhpwAh¿°v H∂m-bn-cp∂p.

`‡-I-hn -I -sf√mw kwkvIrX-]-WvUn -X -∑m -cm -bn -cp -s∂-¶nepw ]mtZ -in -I-`m -j-I-fn -emWv Ah¿ Imhy-c -N\ \S-Øn-b-Xv. Ah¿ ]mtZ-in -I-sam -gn -Isf kwtbm-Pn -∏n -°p-Ibpw `mj-bv°p-≈nse ssien-Isf DZvK-Yn -°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]m´p -`m-j-I-fp -sSbpw aWn-]-hm-f-ssi-en -bp-sSbpw ka-\zbwCXn-\p -Zm -l-c -W-am-Wv. ]ma-c -P-\-ßƒ°p-t]mepw \ma-k-¶o¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsSCuiz-c -k-∂n -[n -bn -se-Øn-t®-cm -sa∂ hnizmkw Cu `‡n-Im-hy -ßƒ P\-Xbv°p \¬In. _m“-W-aXsØbpw Ah-cpsS Al-¶m-c -sØbpw cq£-`m -j-bn¬ hna¿in® `‡-I-hn -Iƒ a\p-jys‚ Bflm-`n -am -\sØ Db¿Øn-∏n -Sn -®p. ssZh-Øns‚ ap∂n¬ a\p -jy -sc√mw ka-∑m -cm -sW∂pw D¬Ir-jvS -Kp -W-ß-fmWv a\p -jys\ Cuiz -c -t\mS v ASp -∏n -°p -∂-sX∂pw Ah¿kmam-\y -P -\-ßsf t_m[y-s∏-Sp -Øn. Bfl-]o -U-Iƒ, Xo¿∞m- -S -\ -ßƒ,aX-] -c -amb NS -ßp -Iƒ A‘-hn -izm -k -ßƒ XpS -ßn -b -hsb FXn¿Øp -sIm≠v `‡n ]ÿm\w a\p-jy-km-tlm-Z -cysØ Db¿Øn-∏n -Sn -®p.

Ah-Xm-c -I-Y-I-fpsS BJym-\-amb `mK-h-X-amWv `‡n-]-ÿm-\sØG‰hpw IqSp-X¬ kzm[o-\n-®-Xv. AXnse Zi-a-kvI‘w ioIr-jvW-I-Y-bm-Wv. a\p-jy-Po-hn-Xm-h-ÿ-I-fn¬ \n∂p AI∂p \n∂ cma≥ Ah-Xm-c-]p-cp-j≥ F∂ \ne-bnepw, am\p-jn-I-`m-h-ß-fpsS aq¿Øn-a-Zv`m-h-amb IrjvW≥c£-Is\∂ \ne-bnepw Bcm-[n-°-s∏-´p. ssii-hm-`n -apJy-ap≈ Ihn-Iƒ°vDÆn-bmbpw (D-Zm-˛ -]q-¥m-\w) buh-\-Xo-h-X-bm¿∂-h¿°v Imap-I-\mbpw (D-Zm-˛ -` -‡-ao-c) Ac-£n-X-t_m-[ap≈h¿°v c£-I-\mbpw (D-Zm-˛ -F-gp-Ø-—≥)IrjvW≥ amdn. Cu ]d™ c≠v Cuiz-c-_nw-_-ß-sfbpw km[m-c-Wo-I-cn -°m\pw P\lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ Bg-Øn¬ ]Xn-jvTn-°m\pw `‡-I-hn-Iƒ°p-I-gn -™p. Ah-cpsS IrXn-Iƒ Bem-]-\-Øn-\p-th≠nbmbn-cp∂p; X∑qew P\-ß-fpsS \mtSm-Sn -ioepw Imhy-cq-]-ßfpw Ah¿ D]-tbm-Kn-®p.

Fgp -Ø-—≥, ]q¥m\w F∂n-h-cpsS Ime-Øn\p apºv ae-bm-f -I-hn -X-bnse c≠p kam-¥c [mc-I-fm -bn -cp∂p ]m´pw aWn-]-hm-fhpw. ‘Imam-Xp -c -amb a\- ns‚ cXn -hn -em -]-ßƒ’ F∂v aWn-]-hmfw hnti-jn -∏n -°-s∏-´n -´p -≠v. Cu Zpjn® aWn- ] -hm -f -tØmSpw AXns‚ kwkvIm -c -tØm-Sp -ap≈ sNdp -Øp-\n -ev]m-bn -cp∂p ]m´p - ]-ÿm-\w. A_m-“-W-I-hn -I-fm -bn -cp -∂p Cu ]m´p - ]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ ]tbm-‡m-°ƒ. Ch¿ kwkvIr-X-`m -j-tbmSp hnt[-bXzw ImWn-°msX tZio-b-`m -j-bpsS ]tXyI-X-Iƒ \ne-\n¿Øn. ‘Dugn -bn¬ sNdn -b-hs‚’ Ac-£n-X-t_m-[sØbpw \n -lm-b-X-sbbpw ]cn -l-cn -°p-hm≥ cma-s\∂ c£-I-_nw-_sØ Ah-X-cn -∏n -®-h-cmWvcma -N -c n -X -Im -c\pw XpS¿∂p -h∂ IÆ-»≥,F-gp -Ø-—≥ XpS -ßn -b -hcpw .]q¥m-\-Øns‚ Bcm-[-\m-_nw -_-am -Is´ IrjvW-\m-bn -cp -∂p -˛ -hn -ti-jn®pwDÆn -°r -j vW≥. ]q¥m\w \nj vI -f -¶ -amb `‡n -sIm≠v aWn - ] -hm -f -kwkvIm-csØ sNdpØp \nev°m≥ amX-a√ IS-∂m-I-an -°m\pw Xøm-dm -bn . BVy- _m -“ -W-cpsS thfn , _m‘hw XpS -ßnb kº-Zm -b -ßƒIpSpw_ _‘-ß-sf-Øs∂ inYn -eo -I-cn -®n -cp -∂p. D]-Po -h-\-Øn-\p -th≠nt£X-ß-fnse ]qP, tlmam-Zn -Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh \S-Øn-h∂ CS-Ø-c-°m-cmb Zcn - Z - _m-“-W¿ as‰mcp hn`m -K-am -bn -cp -∂p. Cu t£tXm-]-Po -hn -I-fn¬s∏´ Bfm-bn -cp∂p `mK-h-X-]m-cm -b-W°mc-\m-bn -cp∂ ]q¥m-\-hpw. Cuh¿§-Øns‚ Pohn -X-Nm -]-ey -ßfpw Zpcm -i-Ifpw ]q¥m-\-Øns‚ ‘⁄m\-∏m-\’ -bn¬ ISpØ ]cn -lm-k-Øn-\p -hn -t[-b-am -Ip -∂p -≠v.



“tIme-I-ß-fn¬ tkh-I-cm -bn´ptImew sIń sRfn-bp -∂nXp Nne¿”

XpS -ßnb `mK-ßƒ DZm -l-c -Ww. kº∂ h¿§sØ tkhn®v Zcn - Z -cmbn,iqZ¿°p Xpey -cmbn Ign -tb -≠n -h∂ Du \-ºq -Xn -c n _m“W¿ ItaW]m´p -im -J -bnse Io¿Ø-\-]-ÿm-\-hp-ambn ASp-Øp. ]mNo\ aWn-]-hmf Ihn-I-fn¬ Zriy-a-√m-Xn-cp∂ `‡n-]m-c-hiyw Ch-cn¬ ImW-s∏-´p. sshjvWh Ihn-I-fn-eqsS Ch¿I-s≠-Ønb c£I_n_w ioIr-jvW-t‚-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. `mK-h-X-]m-cm-b-Whpw t£X-ßfnse ]pcmWIYm-Jym-\-ß-fp-am-bn-cp∂p CXn\p t]c-W.Cu _m“W Ihn-Iƒ ]mńs‚ ZanU-kw-Lm-Xm-£-c-i-co-csØ efnXaWn-]-hm-f- i-co-c-ambn ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-®p. Aßs\ Fgp-Ø-—-s‚bpw ]q¥m-\-Øns‚ Ime-am-b-t∏m-tg°v ]mń-s‚bpw aWn-]-hm-f-Øn-s‚bpw mjm-]-c-ab ka\zbw ]q¿Øn-bm-bn.

\mSp-hmgnIfpsS A[n-Im-ca-’-c-ßƒ, P∑n-Xz-Øns‚ Iqc-X-Iƒ, D]-cn-h¿§-Øns‚ km∑m¿KnIm[:]X\w, hntZ-i-i-‡n-I-fpsS OnZ-]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ F∂n-h-sIm≠v Iep-j-amb Hcp Ime-L-´-Øn-emWv ]q¥m\w Pohn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Ahy-h-ÿn-X-amb Cu Ime-L-´-tØm-Sp≈, [¿Ω-kw-ÿm-]-\-hy-K-amb Hcp a\- ns‚]Xn-I-c-W-am-bn-cp∂p Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Ihn-X. At±-l-Øns‚ IrXn-I-fn¬ cma\pwIrjvW\pw c£-I-ÿm-\Øp \n¬°p∂ ]nXr-_nw-_-ß-fm-bn. [¿Ω-ÿm-]-\-Øn-\p-th≠n tIµo-Ir-X-amb Hcp A[n-Im-c-i‡n \ne-hn¬ hc-W-sa∂ AZ-ay-a-amb A`n-\n-thiw Fgp-Ø-—-\n¬ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. X∑qew [¿Ωm-[n-jvTn-X-ambcmP-i-‡n-bpsS DZvKm-Xm-hm-bn-Øo¿∂p At±-lw. F∂m¬ ]q¥m\w XpS-ßnb_m“-W-I-hn-Iƒ ua-amb CØcw Hcp A[n-Im-c-i-‡nsb C—n-®n-√.-hy‡nPohn-X-Øn¬ Xßƒ°p \ntj-[n-°-s∏´ kvt\l-_-‘-ßfpw ]nXr-Xz`m-hhpw kzIr-Xn-I-fn-eqsS Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-I-bmWv sNdp-t»-cnbpw ]q¥m-\hpw sNbvX-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Ah¿ ioIr-jvWs\ ssii-h-_nw-_-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv.]q¥m\w ioIr-jvW-\n¬ sN∂p ebn-°m-\-√, DÆn-Ir-jvW≥ Xs‚ a\- n¬t]m∂m-hn¿`-hn-°m-\mWv BK-ln-®-Xv.

⁄m\-∏m\1. Kpcp-\m-Y≥ XpW-sNbvI k¥Xw

Xncp-\m-a-ßƒ \mhn-t∑-se-s∏mgpw]ncn-bm-sX-bn-cn-°Ww \ΩpsS\c-P∑w k^-e-am-°o-Sp-hm≥

(...................Kpcpkvac-W-tbmsS Im-hyw Bcw-`n-°p-∂p.⁄m\-∏m-\-bpsS BZn-bn¬ t]cp \n¿t±-in-bv°msX ‘Kpcp-\m-Y≥ XpW-sNbvI

k¥Xw’ F∂v kmam-\y-ambn \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂p. Cu kmam-\y-]-kvXm-h-Øn-eqsSXs‚ F√m D]m-k-\m-aq¿Øn-I-sfbpw Ihn hW-ßp-∂p-≠m-h-Ww. Kpcp F∂-Xn\v]nXm-hp-ap-X¬ ]c-am-flm-hp-hsc A¿∞-am-Im-a-t√m. Xncp-\m-a-ßƒ \nth-t∑-se-t∏mgpw]ncn-bm-sX-bn-cn-°Ww F∂Xv ]m¿∞-\tbm Bio¿h-N-\tam amX-a-√. Ien-bp-K-Øn¬ tam£e-_v[n-°p≈ Ffp-∏-am¿§w Cuiz-c-\m-a-k-¶o¿Ø-\-amWv F∂-XmWv⁄m\-∏m-\-bn¬ hy‡-am-°p∂ ]c-a-⁄m-\w. AXp-sIm≠v ‘Xncp-\m-a-ßƒ \mhn-t∑-se-t∏mgpw ]ncn-bm-sX-bn-cn-°Ww \ΩpsS \c-P∑w k^-e-am-°p-hm≥’ F∂XvImhy-c-N-\-bpsS e£yw-Xs∂ hy‡-am-°p∂ hcn-I-fm-Wv).

2. C∂-se-tbm-f-sa-s¥-∂-dn-™oemC∂n \msf-bp-sa-s¥-∂-dn-™oemC∂n-°≠ XSn°p hn\m-i-hp˛an∂-t\-c-sa-t∂-Xp-a-dn-™oeI≠p-I-≠-ßn-cn°pw P\-ß-sf˛I≠ns√∂p hcp-Øp-∂Xpw `hm≥



c≠p-\mep Zn\w-sIm-s≠m-cp-Øs\X≠n-te‰n\S-Øp-∂Xpw `hm≥amfn-I-ap-I-tf-dnb a∂s‚tXmfn¬ amdm-∏-ßm-°p-∂Xpw `hm≥

(CXp Ihn-bpsS Bfl-K-X-amWv; Ign-™p-t]mb P∑-]-c-º-c-I-fn¬ Xm\m-cm-bn-cp∂p F∂-dn-bn-√. C\n hcm≥ t]mIp∂ P∑-ßfpw A⁄m-X-am-Wv. Ct∏mƒ A\p--h-Øn-en-cn-°p∂ P∑-am-sW-¶n¬ AXpw £W- w-Kp-cw-X-s∂. Cu t_m[w Ihnsb

Cuiz-cs‚ eoe-I-sf-∏-‰n-bp≈ Nn¥-I-fn-tebv°p \bn-°p-∂p. I≠p-I-≠n-cn-°p-∂-hsc I≠n-s√∂p hcp-Øp-∂Xpw Zcn-Zs\ kº-∂-\m-°p-∂Xpw sIm´m-c-hm-kn-bmba∂s\ n£-°m-c-\m-°p-∂Xpw Cuiz-c≥ Xs∂. AXp-sIm≠v Ihn Cuiz-c-s\-Øs∂A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp-∂p. A√tbm tZhm, I≠p-I-≠-ßn-cn°pw P\-Øns\ I≠n-s√∂p hcp-Øp-∂Xp `hm≥, c≠p-\m-ep-Zn-\w-sIm-s≠m-cp-Øs\ X≠n-te‰n \S-Øp-∂Xp `hm≥, amfn-I-ap-I-tf-dnb a∂s‚ tXmfn¬ amdm-∏p-≠m-°p-∂Xpw `hm≥!˛tXmfn¬ amdm∏p tI‰p-∂Xpw `hm≥ Fs∂mcp ]mThpw ImWp∂p).3. I≠m-sem- -dn-bp∂p Nne-cnXp

I≠mepw Xncnbm Nne¿t°-XptaI≠-sXm-∂pta kXy-a-s√-∂Xpaptº I≠ßdn-bp-∂nXp Nne¿a\p-Pm-Xn-bn¬Øs∂ ]e-hn[wa\- n∂p hnti-j-W-ap-t≠m¿°Ww]e¿°p-a-dn-tb-W-sa-∂n-´t√m]e-PmXn ]d-bp∂p imkvX-ßƒI¿Ω-Øn-∂-[n-Imcn P\-ßƒ°pI¿Ω-im-kvX-ß-fp≠p ]e-hn[w⁄m\-Øn-∂-[n-Im-cn-P-\-ßƒ°p⁄m\-im-kvX-ßfpw ]e-Xp-≠t√mkmwJy-im-kvX-ßƒ tbmK-ß-sf-∂nhkwJy-bn-√Xp \n¬°s´ k¿∆-hpw,Npg-∂o-Sp∂ kwkm-c-N-I-Øn¬Dg-∂oSpw \ap-°-dn-™o-Sp-hm≥Adn-hp≈ al-Øp-°-fp-s≠mcp]c-am¿∞-a-cpƒ sNbvXn-cn-°p∂pFfp-Xm-bn´p ap‡n-e- n-∏m-\mbvsNhn-X-∂nXp tIƒ∏n-s\-√m-hcpw

(Npg-∂o-Sp∂ = Np‰n-Øn-cn-bp∂; Dg-∂oSpw = IjvS-s∏-Sp∂; Ffp-Xm-bn v = Ffp-∏-Øn¬.]m]-©nI PohnXw £W-]- m-N-©-e-am-sW∂ Cu ]c-am¿∞w Adn-bp-∂-h¿ FX-t]-cp-≠v ?˛ hf-sc-°p-d®pamXw. Nne¿ CsXms° A\p- -h-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv Adn-bp-∂Xv; Nne¿A\p- -hn-®mepw K-ln-°p-∂n-√. CXn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvX-ambn, hf-sc-°p-d-®p-t]¿ amXwXØz-⁄m-\n-I-fmWv:˛ C°-≠-sXm-∂pta imiz-X-a-√-sb∂v Ah¿ ap≥Iq- n-b-dn-bp-∂p.F¥p-sIm≠v Cß-s\-bp≈ t`Z-ßƒ?

˛ a\p-jy-Pm-Xn-bn¬ a\-»-‡n°v ]e-hn[ t`Z-ß-fp-≠v. (a-µ≥, a≤y-a≥, DØ-a≥, DØ-tam-Ø-a≥ F∂n-ß-s\) a\-»‡n hyXy-kvX-am-sW-¶nepw F√m-hcpw ]c-am¿∞w Kln-bv°Ww F∂p-≈-Xp-sIm-≠t√m Z¿i-\-t -Z-ßfpw imkvX-t -Z-ßfpwD≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. I¿Ω-ß-fn¬ apgp-In-bn-cn-°p-∂-h¿°p-th≠n I¿Ω-im-kvX-ßfpwBfl-⁄m-\-X¬]-c-cm-b-h¿°p-th≠n ⁄m\-im-kvX-ßfpw D≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂p.kmwJyw, tbmKw F∂n-ßs\ FÆn-bm-sem-Sp-ßmØ hn⁄m-\-im-J-Ifpw Z¿i-\-t`-Z-ß-fpap≠v. AXn-s\-∏-‰n-sbms° ]d-™m¬ Ah-km-\-an-√. P\-\-a-c-W-]-c-º-c-



Iƒ F∂ kwkm-c-N-I-Øns‚ Xnc-n®n-en¬s∏ v IjvS-s∏-Sp∂ a\p-jym-flm-hn\v ap‡n-am¿§hpw D]-tZ-in-®n- p-≠v. AXp Rm≥ ChnsS ]Xn-]m-Zn-bv°mw. ]mcm-_v[-I¿Ω-ß-fn¬ _≤-cm-b-Xn-\m¬ imkvX-Nn¥Iƒs°m∂pw t\c-an-√mØ km[m-c-W-°m¿°p-th≠n B eLp-hmb ap‡n-am¿§sØ D]-tZ-in-°p-∂Xv i≤n®p tIƒ°p-hn≥!4. \sΩ-sbm-s°bpw _‘n® km[\w

I¿Ω-sa-∂-dn-tb-≠Xp apºn-\m¬ap∂-an-°≠ hniz-a-ti-jhpwH∂m-bp-s≈mcp tPymXn-kz-cq-]-ambvH∂pw sN∂ßp Xt∂mSp ]‰msXH∂nepw sN∂p Xm\pw he-bmsXHs∂-∂p-≈n-ep-dbv°pw P\-ßƒ°pH∂p-sIm-≠-dn-bm-hp∂ hkvXp-hmbvH∂n-ep-ap-d-bv°mØ P\-ßƒ°pH∂p-sIm≠pw Xncn-bmØ hkvXp-hmbvH∂p-t]m-se-sbm-∂n-√m-sX-bp-≈-Xn-˛-s∂m∂m-bp-s≈mcp Poh-kz-cq-]-ambvH∂n-epsamcp _‘-an-√m-sX-bmbv\n∂-h≥ Xs∂ hnizw Na-®p-t]m¬(]m]-©n-I-_-‘-Øn\p tlXp I¿Ω-am-Wv. AXmWv BZy-ambn Kln-t°≠

kXyw. tNX-\m-tN-X-\m-fl-I-amb Cu hnizm-a-Is´, BZn-bn¬ ]c-am-fl-kz-cq]w amX-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]]-©m-Zn-aq-e-amb B ]c-am-flmhv tXP:kzcq-]\pw Bi-bm-i-bo-t -Z-an-√m-Ø-h\pw BWv. `‡n-sIm≠v Cuiz-c-t\mSv GIm-fl- mhw t\Sn-b-h¿°v ]c-a-⁄m\w s]s´∂p e`n-bv°p-∂p. N©-e-Nn-Ø¿°m-Is´ Cuiz-c≥ A⁄m-X-ambFt¥m H∂m-Wv. ]Xn-h-kvXp-`n-∂-amb C°≠ hniz-Øn-s\m-s°bpw Hmtc-sbmcpPohm-flm-hmbn \ncp-]-a-\mb Cuiz-c≥ h¿Øn-bv°p-∂p. ‘C°≠ hniz-a-ti-jhpwap∂w H∂m-bp≈ tPymXn-kz-cq-]-am-bn-cp∂p’ F∂ Bibw B[p-\nI `uXn-I-hn-⁄m-\hpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-XmWv!).

5. aq∂p-sam-∂n-e-S-ßp∂p ]ns∂bpwH∂p-an-√-t]m¬ hniz-a-t∂-cØvaq∂p-sIm≠p Na-s®mcp hniz-Øn¬aq∂m-bn-´p≈p I¿Ω-ß-sfm-s°bpw]pWy-I¿Ω-ßƒ, ]m]-I¿Ω-ßfpw]pWy-]m-]-ßƒ aniamw I¿Ωhpwaq∂p-PmXn \ncq-]n®p ImWp-tºm-ƒaq∂p-sIm≠pw Xf-bv°p∂p Pohs\s]m∂n≥ Nß-e-sbm-∂n-∏-d-™-Xn¬,H∂n-cp-ºp-sIm-≠-∂tX t`Z-ßƒc≠n-\m-ep-sa-SpØp ]Wn-sNbvXNß-e-bt√m aniamw I¿Ωhpw

(aq∂p-sIm≠p Na®= kXz-c-P-kvX-tam-Kp-W-ßƒsIm≠v Bc-Nn®, ....]]-©-Im-c-W-amb ]cam-flm-hp-Xs∂ krjvSn- -ÿn-Xn- -kw-lm-c-aq¿Øn-I-fmbpw h¿Øn-°p-∂p.I¿Ωm¿∞w kzoI-cn® Cu aq¿Øn-t -Z-ß-fm-Is´ H∂n-s‚-Xs∂ hnh¿Ø-\ß-fm-Wv.aq¿Ønt -Z-ßsf shSn™v Ah¿ ]c-am-fl-kz-cq]w ssIs°m-≈p-tºmƒ ]pcp-j≥- -]-Ir-Xn, F∂ ssZzXhpw C√m-Xm-Ip-∂p. At∏mƒ ]]©w Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂n-√.



]]©w kXz-c-P-kvX-tamKp-Wm-fl-I-amWv F∂-XmWv as‰m-cm-ibw. _“-]-f-b-Im-eØv, Cu KpW-ßƒ aqe-]-Ir-Xn-bn¬ kmflyw-]m-]n®v hne-bn-°p-tºmƒhnizhpw C√m-Xm-Ip-∂p.

kXz-c-P-kvX-tam-Kp-W-ßƒsIm≠p Na® hniz-Øn¬ I¿Ω-ßfpw aq∂p-hn-[-Øn-emWv ˛ ]pWy-I¿Ω-ßƒ, ]m]-I¿Ω-ßƒ, ]pWy-˛-]m-]-an-i-I¿Ω-ßƒ F∂n-ß-s\. I¿Ωw F¥p-X-s∂-bm-bmepw, Btem-Nn®p t\m°p-tºmƒ, AXp ]m]-©n-I-_-‘-Øn\p tlXp-hm-Ip∂p F∂p hy‡-am-Ipw. ]ns∂ Ch XΩn¬ F¥mWp t`Z-sa-∂m-sW-¶n¬, _‘n-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂- h-kvXp-hns‚ t`Zw Xs∂. kmXzn-I-amb]pWy-I¿Ω-ßƒ s]m∂n≥ Nß-e-t]msebpw cmP-k-amb ani-I¿Ω-ßƒ s]m∂pwCcpºpw tN¿Ø k¶-c-tem-l-®-ße t]msebpw Pohm-flm-°sf Xf-®n-Sp-∂p. NßeF¥pXs∂-bm-bmepw _‘\w _‘\w Xs∂ ]mcn¬ F∂p hcp-∂p.

6. _“m-hm-Zn-bm,-bo-®-sb-dptºmfwI¿Ω-_-≤-∑m-sc-∂-X-dn-™mepw`ph-\-ßsf krjvSn-°-sb-∂X`ph-\m-¥y-]-fbw Ign-thmfwI¿Ω-]m-isØ ewLn-°-sb-∂Xp_“m-hn-∂p-sa-fp-X√ \n¿ÆbwZnIv]me-∑m-cp-a-∆-Æ-tam-tcmtcmZn°p-tXmdpw Xf-®p-In-S-°p∂pAev]-I¿Ωn-I-fm-Inb \msa√mwAev]-Imew sImt≠m-tcmtcm P¥p-°ƒK¿ -]m-X-Øn¬ ]p°pw ]pd-s∏´pwI¿Ωw-sIm≠p Ifn-°p-∂-Xn-ßs\

(ZnIv]m-e-I∑m¿ -= Cµ≥, A·n, ba≥, \ncr-Xn, hcp-W≥, hmbp, Ipt_-c≥, Cui≥F∂n-ßs\ Ing-°p-\n∂v ]Z-£n-W-I-a-Øn¬. ‘\sΩ-sbm-s°bpw _‘n® km[\w˛ I¿Ω-sa-∂-dn-tb-≠Xp apºn-\m¬’ ............ Cu I¿Ω-_-‘\w _“m-hp-ap-X¬Cu®-sb-dp-tºmfw k¿∆- q-X-ßƒ°pw Aew-Ly-am-Wv. `ph-\-ß-fpsS krjvSn-I¿Ω-am-Wt√m _“m-hn-\p-f-fXv; _“-]-fbwhsc At±lw AXp XpS¿t∂ aXn-bm-Iq.krjvSn-I¿Øm-hns‚ I¿Ω-]miw t]mepw CX -Zr-V-am-sW-¶n¬ D]-tZ-h-X-I-fmbZnIv]m-e-I-∑m-cpsS IY ]dbWtam? Ah¿ F´p Zn°p-Ifpw ImØp-kq-£n-°p-hm≥th≠n AXmXp Zn°p-I-fn¬ _‘-\-s∏´p InS-°p∂p! Ahcpw B I¿Ω-Øn¬`ph-\m-¥-c-]-f-b-tØmfw XpS-c-Ww. tZh-∑m-cpsS I¿Ωw Ah-cpsS al-Xz-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v _rl-Øm-Wv. \msams° Aev]-I¿Ωn-I-fmWv; Aev]m-bp- p-I-fp-am-Wv. F¶nepw\ap°pw hnap-‡n-bn-√. ‘K¿ -ÿ-hmbv phn P\n®pw acn®pw’ P∑-]-c-º-c-Iƒ ssIs°m-≈p-∂-Xn-\m¬ Pohm-flm-°fpw I¿Ω-_-‘-\-Øn¬ InS-°p-∂p-. Hcp thj-Øn¬\n∂pas‰m-∂n-tebv°p ]I-cp-∂-Xn-eqsS I¿Ωw-sIm≠p Ifn-°p-I-X-s∂-bm-Wv).

7. \c-I-Øn¬ InS-°p∂ Poh≥t]mbvZpcn-X-ß-sfm-Spßn a\- ns‚]cn-]m-Ihpw h∂p Ia-Ømte\c-Pm-Xn-bn¬ h∂p ]nd-∂n´pkpIrXwsNbvXp taevt]m´p t]mb-h¿kpJn-®o-Sp∂p kXy-tem-I-tØmfwk¬I¿ΩwsIm≠p ta¬t∏m-´p-t]m-b-h¿kpIr-X-ß-fp-sam-s°-sbm-Sp-ßp-tºmƒ



]cn-]m-I-sam-sc-t≈m-f-an-√n-h¿]Xn-®o-Sp∂p \ΩpsS `qan-bn¬hs∂mcp Zpcn-X-Øn≥ -e-ambn]ns∂-t∏mbv \c-I-ß-fn¬ hogp-∂p.

(]pWy-˛-]m-]-˛-aniI¿Ω-ßƒ A\p-jvTn-°p∂ Pohs‚ Ah-ÿ-sb-∏‰n ]d-bp-∂p.kzm¿∞hpw ]c-]o-U-\-]-c-hp-amb Zp¿hr-ØnIfm¬ ]m]-I¿Ωw A\pjvTn°p∂Bflm-°ƒ, ]m]- ew HSp-ßp-thmfw \c-I-Øn¬ InS-°p-∂p. Zpcn-X-ß-sfm-Spßn]cn-]m-I-ap-≠m-Ip-tºmƒ B Bflmhv ho≠pw \c-Pm-Xn-bn¬ h∂p ]nd-°p-∂p.kpIrXwsNbvX ]pWym-flm-°ƒ kz¿tem-I-Øn¬ Ncn®v kXy-tem-I-Øn-seØnkpJn-°p-∂p. Ah¿ Xs∂ kpIr-Xw- ew HSp-ßn-°-gn-bp-tºmƒ `qan-bn¬ hs∂-Øp-∂p.ani-I¿Ω-ßƒ A\p-jvTn-°p∂ Bflm-°-fm-Is´ ]pWy- ew A\p- -hn®p Ign-™m¬ Ah-ti-jn-°p∂ ]m]-^ew A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn \c-I-Øn¬ ]Xn-°p-∂p. I¿Ω- ew A\p- -hn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v B¿°pw hnSp-X-en-√. AXm-Is´, `qan- -kz¿§-˛-\-cIw F∂n-h-bn-te°p amdn-amdn k©-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p Imc-W-am-bn-Øo-cp∂pF∂p kmcw).

8. kpc-tem-I-Øn¬\ns∂mcp Poh≥t]mbv\c-temtI alo-kp-c-\m-Ip∂pNWvU-I¿Ω-ßƒ sNbvX-h¿ NmIp-tºmƒNWvUm-e-Ip-e-Øn¬ ]nd-°p∂pAkp-c-∑m¿ kpc-∑m-cm-bo-Sp∂pAa-c-∑m¿ ac-ß-fm-bo-Sp∂pAPw NØp KP-am-bv∏n-d-°p∂pZznP≥ NØp ZznP-am-bv∏n-d-°p∂p\cn NØp \c-\m-bv∏n-d-°p∂p\mcn-N-Øp-S-t\m-cn-bm-bvt∏m-Ip∂pIr]-Iq-SmsX ]oUn-∏n-®o-Sp∂\r]≥ NØp Iran-bm-bv∏n-d-°p∂pCu® NsØmcp ]q®-bm-bo-Sp∂pCuiz-cs‚ hnem-k-ß-fn-ßs\

(NWvU-I¿Ω-ßƒ -= ItTm-c-I¿Ω-ßƒ, ZpjvI¿Ω-ßƒ. Hmcn= Ipdp-\-cn. ZznP≥ =_m“-W≥; ZznPw = ]£n......`qan-˛kz¿§w-˛-\-cIw F∂n-ßs\bp≈ temIm-¥-c-K-a\w I¿Ω-^-e-am-bp-≠m-Ip-∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰n ]d-™Xn\p tijw `qan-bn¬Ø-s∂-bp≈P∑-]-c-º-c-I-sf-ßs\sb∂p hy‡-am-°p-∂p. ˛ AXpw I¿Ω- ew Xs∂. kpc-tem-I-hm-kn-bmb Hcm-flmhv `qan-bn¬ _m“-W\mbn P\n-s®∂p hcmw.-Zp-jvI¿a-ßƒsNøp∂ Bflmhv ASpØ P∑-Øn¬ NWvUm-f-\m-Ip-∂p.-A-kp-c-∑m¿ kpc-∑m-cm-Ip-∂p.-A-a-c-∑m¿ ac-ß-fm-Ip-∂p.-BSp NØv B\-bmbv ]nd-°p-∂p. _m“-W≥, ]ns∂mcpP∑-Øn¬ ]d-b\mImw; \cn NØp \c-\mImw; \mcn-bpsS ASpØ P∑w Ipdp-\-cn-bm-bn- m-Imw. \njvIr-]-\mb \r]s‚ ]p\¿P∑w Iran-bm-bn- mhpw; Cu®-bpsS ]p¿P∑w]q®-bm-bn-´m-hpw-. Nn¥n-®p-t\m-°n-bm¬, Pohm-flm-°sf Cßs\ I¿Ωm-\p-cq-]-ambthjw sI´n-°p∂ Cuiz-cs‚ hnem-k-ßƒ hnNn-X-ßfpw hnhn-[-ßfpw BsW∂pImWmw. I¿Ω- -e-ß-fn¬ \n∂v hnap-‡n-bn-√mØ Aew-L-\o-b-\n-baw Cuiz-tc—Xs∂)9. Iogvta-en-ßs\ a≠p∂ Poh-∑m¿

`qan-bo-∂tX t\Sp∂p I¿Ω-ßƒkoa-bn-√m-tXmfw ]e-I¿Ω-ßƒ`qan-bo-∂tX t\Sp∂p Poh-∑m¿Aßs\ sNbvXp t\Sn-a-cn-®p-S≥A\y-tem-I-ß-tfm-tcm-∂n-tem-tcm-∂n¬sN∂n-cp∂p `pPn-°p∂p Poh-∑m¿



Xßƒ sNbvsXmcp I¿Ω-ßƒX≥^ew.HSp-ßo-Sp-a-sXm- p-\mƒ sN√p-tºmƒDS-t\-h∂p t\Sp∂p ]ns∂bpwXs‚ Xs‚ Krl-Øn-¶¬ \n∂p-S≥sIm≠p-t]mb [\w-sIm≠p \msa√mwas‰-ßm-\p-sam-tc-S-Øn-cp-∂n´phn‰q-sW∂p ]dbpw IW-°n-t\.(`pPn-°p∂p = A\p- -hn-°p∂p; hn‰qWv= hn -h-ßƒ hne-bv°p-hmßn A\p- -hn-

bv°p-I.....Bflm-°ƒ°v kz¿§-Øn-tebvt°m \c-I-Øn-tebvt°m D≈ ]bm-W-Øn\pImc-W-amb I¿Ωw e`n-°p∂Xv qan-bn¬ \n∂m-Wv, kz¿§-\-c-I-ß-fn¬ \n∂-√. Ata-b-amb I¿Ω- m-WvUsØ Cu `qan-bn¬ \n∂p t\Sm≥ km[n-°pw. AhpsS KpW-tZm-j-ßƒ°-\p-k-c-W-ambn Bflm-°ƒ CX-c-tem-I-ß-fn-seØn ^ew A\p- -hn-°p-∂p.AXm-I-s´, imiz-X-amb hmk-a-√m- Xm-\pw. I¿Ω- ew A\p- -hn-®p-I-gn™ Bflmhvho≠pw `qan-bn¬ ]nd-hn-sb-SpØv I¿Ωw t\Sp-I-bm-bn. tZim-S\w sNøp-∂-h¿, ]pd-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\p apºv kzKr-l-Øn¬\n∂p \mWyw sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bm-Wn-Xv. ˛ A\y-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ sh®v, th≠-sXms° hmßn-b-\p- -hn-°p-∂Xv H∏w sIm≠p-t]m-Ip∂ [\w sIms≠m-W-t√m. AXp-t]mse kz¿§-hm-k-Øntem \c-I-hm-k-ØntemBflm-°ƒ°p-≠m-Ip∂ kpJZp:Jß-fpsS ‘Ib-i‡n’ `qan-bn¬ \n∂p t\Sp∂‘I¿Ω-[-\’ -amWv ).10. I¿Ω-ßƒ°p hnf-\n-e-am-Inb

P∑-tZ-i-ao_v-`q-an,-b-dn-™mepwI¿Ω-\miw hcp-tØ-W-sa-¶nepwsNtΩ as‰ßpw km[nbm; \n¿Æbw`‡-∑m¿°pw apap-£p-P-\-ßƒ°pwk‡-cmb hnj-bo-P-\-ßƒ°pwC—n-®o-Sp-∂-sXm-s°-s°m-Sp-ØnSpwhnizm-flmhp `qan, inh!inh!hniz-\m-Ys‚ aqe-]-Ir-Xn-Xm≥]Xy-t£W hnf-ßp∂p `qan-bmbvAh-\o-X-e-]m-e-\-Øn-∂t√mAh-Xm-c-ßfpw ]e-tXm¿°p-tºmƒAXp-sIm≠p hnti-jn®pw `qtemIw]Xn-∂m-en-ep-ap-Ø-a-sa-∂t√mthZ-hm-Zn-I-fmb ap\n-IfpwthZhpw _lp-am-\n®p sNm√p∂peh-Wmw-_p-[n-at≤y hnf-ßp∂Pw_q-Zzo-s]mcp tbmP-\-e-£hpwk]vXZzo]p-I-fp-≈-Xn-se-XbpwDØ-a-sa∂p hmgvØp∂p ]ns∂bpw`q]-Zva-Øn\p I¿Æ-I-bm-bn´p`q[-tc-µ-\n-Xn-et√m \n¬°p∂pCXn-sem-c-ºXp JWvU-ß-fp-≠t√mAXn-epØaw `mc-X-`q-XewkΩ-X-cmb amap\nti-jvT-∑m¿I¿Ω-t£-X-sa-∂t√m ]d-bp∂pI¿Ω-_o-P-a-Xo∂p apf-bvt°≠q_“-tem-I-Øn-cn-°p-∂-h¿Iƒ°pwI¿Ω-_oPw hc- n-°-f-™p-S≥P∑-\miw hcp-tØ-W-sa-¶nepw`mc-X-amb JWvU--sam-gn-™p≈]mcn-se-ßp-sa-fp-X√ \n¿Æbw



AX apJy-am-bp-s≈mcp `mc-X˛an]-tZ-i-sa-s∂-√m-cp-tam¿°-Ww.(apap£p= tam£w BK-ln-°p-∂-h¿; k‡-cmb = ]m]-©nI kpJ-ß-fn¬

Xev]-c-cmbaqe-]-IrXn = aqe-XXzw (am-b); thZ-hm-Zn-Iƒ = thZ-⁄-∑m¿; q]-Zva-Øn\p I¿ÆnI=`qan-bm-Ip∂ Xma-c-bpsS tIµ-Z-f-]pSw; `q[-tc-µ≥=]¿∆-X-ti-jvT≥ (a-lm-ta-cp); kΩ-X¿ = kØp-°-fm¬ ]qPn-X¿; I¿Ω-t£Xw= I¿Ω-ß-fpsS hnf-\n-ew.

I¿Ωß-fpsS hnf-\new `qan amX-am-Wv. I¿Ω-\miw hcp-tØ-≠Xpw `qan-bn¬h®p-X-s∂. `‡-∑m¿°pw tamt£-—p-°ƒ°pw ]m]-©nI kpJ-k-‡-∑m¿°pw Hs°,F¥mtWm th≠Xv AXp sImSp-°p∂ hnssiz-I- P\-\n-bmWv `qan. ]c-am-flm-hns‚aqe-]-Ir-Xn-bmb amb-bpsS ]Xy-£-cq-]-amWv `qan-bn¬ hnf-ßp-∂-Xv. AXns‚ ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn-\m-bmWv Cuiz-c≥ ]e Ah-Xm-c-ßfpw ssIs°m-≠Xv Ft∂m¿°p-tºmƒ,`qtemIw ]Xn-∂mep temI-ß-fnepw sh®v DØ-a-am-sW∂p hy‡-am-°p-∂p. thZ-ßfpwthZ-⁄-∑mcp-amb ap\n-Ifpw C°mcyw BZ-c-thmsS kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p-≠v.

k]vX-km-K-c-ß-fm¬ Nqg-s∏´ k]vX-Zzo-]p-I-fmWv `qan-bn-ep-≈-Xv. AXn¬ eh-Wmw-_p-[n-bpsS a≤y-Øn¬ hnf-ßp∂ e£w tbmP\ hnkvXr-Xn-bp≈ Pw_q-Zzo]vtijvT-X-c-am-sW∂v thZ-ßƒ hmgvØn-∏-d-bp-∂p-≠v. `qan-bm-Ip∂ Xma-c-bpsS tIµ-Z-f-]pSw (I¿Æn-I) F∂p Icp-Xm-hp∂ alm-ta-cp-]¿∆Xw Pw_p-Zzo-]n-emWv \n¬°p-∂-Xv. Pw_q-Zzo-]nse H≥]Xp JWvU-ß-fn¬ DØ-a-am-b-XmWv `mc-X-h¿jw. AXn-s\-bmWv tijvT-cmb ap\n-Iƒ I¿Ω-t£-X-sa∂p hnfn-°p-∂-Xv.

kXy-tem-I-hm-kn-Iƒ°p-t]mepw I¿Ω-_o-P-Øns‚ hnf-\new `mc-X- q-an-bm-Wv.tam£-km-[-I-amb I¿Ωm- mhw D≠m-I-W-sa-¶nepw mc-X- q-an-bn¬sh-®-√msX as‰ßpwkm[y-a-√. AX hnin-jvS-amWv `mc-X-JWvUw F∂Xv F√m-hcpw Hm¿t°-≠-Xm-Wv).

11. bpKw \menepw \√q Ien-bpKwkpJ-ta-Xs∂ ap‡n-h-cp-Øp-hm≥IrjvW IrjvW apIpµ P\m¿±\IrjvW- tKm-hnµ cma, F∂n-ßs\Xncp-\m-a-k-¶o¿Ø-\-sa-∂n-a-˛-t‰-Xp-an√ ]b-Xv\-a-dn-™mepw,AXp Nn¥n®p a‰p≈ temI-ßƒ]Xn-aq-∂n-ep-ap≈ P\-ßfpwa‰p-Zzo-]p-I-fm-dn-ep-ap-t≈mcpwa‰p-J-WvU-ß-sf-´n-ep-ap-t≈mcpwa‰p-aq-∂p-bp-K-ß-fn-ep-t≈mcpwap‡n Xßƒ°p km≤y-a-√m-bvI-bm¬Ien-Im-esØ `mc-X-J-WvUsØIen-Xm-Zcw ssIh-W-ßo-Sp∂p‘AXn¬h-s∂mcp ]p√m-bn-s´-¶nepwCXp-Imew P\n-®p-sIm-≠o-Sp-hm≥tbmKy-X-h-cp-Øo-Sp-hm≥ Xs°mcp`mKyw-t]m-cm-sX-t]m-bt√m ssZh-ta,`mc-X-J-WvU-Øn-¶¬ ]nd-s∂mcpam\p-j¿°pw Ien°pw \akvImcw.’Fs∂√mw ]pI-gvØo-Sp∂p a‰p-t≈m¿F∂-sX-¥n\p \mw ]d-™o-Sp∂p!

(Ien-bp-K-a-lna ]d-bp∂p: NXp-cyp-K-ß-fn¬ sh®v, tam£w t\Sp-hm≥ G‰hpwFfp∏w Ien-bp-K-Øn-em-Wv. a‰p bpK-ß-fn¬, ITn-\-amb X]-›cyw sIm≠pamXwe`y-am-Ip∂ kmbqPyw Ien-bp-K-Øn¬ IrjvW, cma, P\m¿±\ F∂n-ßs\ Cuiz-c-\m-a-ß-fpsS k¶o¿Ø\w sIm≠p Xs∂ km[n°p-∂p.



Aß-s\-bp≈ Ien-bp-K-Øn¬, mc-X-J-WvU-Øn¬ \c-\mbn P\n-°m≥ km[n®F√m Bflm-°ƒ°pw tam£w kpe- -amWv F∂-dn-bm-hp-∂-Xn-\m¬ a‰p ]Xn-aq∂ptemI-ß-fnepw, `qan-bn¬Øs∂ a‰v Bdv Zzo]p-I-fnepw, CX-c-bp-K-ß-fnepw P\n®Bflm-°ƒ, Xßƒ°p tam£w CX £n]-km-[y-a-√t√m F∂p Icp-Xn, Ien-Im-esØ `mc-XsØ AXym-Z-c-thm-sS-bmWv \an-°p-∂-Xv. Cu `mc-X-J-WvU-Øn¬ Ien-bp-K-Øn¬ Hcp ]p√m-bn-s -¶nepw h∂p P\n-°p-hm≥ Xßƒ°p `mKyap≠m-bn-√t√mF∂mWv A\y-tem-I-hm-kn-Ifpw A\y-J-WvU-hm-kn-Ifpw Icp-Xp-∂-Xv. B Nn¥-tbmsS Ah¿ Ien-bp-K-Ønse `mc-X-h¿j-hm-kn-Isf \an-°p-∂p. \ap-°-ßs\ hne-]n-t°-≠- Imcy-an-√-t√m).

12. Ime-an∂p Ienbp-K-a-√tbm`mc-X-an-]-tZ-i-hp-a-√tbm\Ω-sf√mw \c-∑m-cp-a-√tbmsNtΩ- \-∂mbv \ncq-]n-°n-s\-√mcpwlcn-\m-a-ß-fn-√msX t]mItbm?\c-I-ß-fn¬ t]Sn Ipd-Itbm?\m-hp-Iq-SmsX P∑-a-Xm-Itbm?\ap-°n-∂n-hn-\m-i-an-√m-bvItbm?IjvSw!IjvSw! \ncq-]-Ww-Iq-SmsXNp´pXn∂p∂p P∑w ]gptX \mw!

(`mc-X-J-WvU-Øn¬ Ien-bp-K-Øn¬ \c-P∑w t\Sm≥ km[n-°mØ F√m Bflm-°fpw Zp:JnX-cm-Wv. F∂m¬, \ap-°-ßs\ hne-]n-t°≠ Imcy-an-√. Imc-Ww, Cu`mc-X-Øn¬ Ien-bp-K-Øn¬Øs∂ \c-P∑w t\Snb `mKy-hm-∑mcmWv \mw. ]c-a-]p-cp-jm¿∞-amb tam£w \ap°p £n]-km-≤y-am-Wv. F∂n- v, Cu A\p-Iqe kml-N-cy-ßƒ ]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn kmbqPyw t\SmsX \mw P∑w ]mgm-°p-I-bm-Wv.F¥p-sIm-≠m-WnXv? tam£-km-[-I-amb lcn-\m-a-ßƒ C√m-Xm-b-Xn-\m-emtam? AtXm\Ωn¬ \c-I-`bw ad-™p-t]mtbm? \ma-k-¶o¿Ø-\-Øn-\p-≈ \mhn-√m-sX-bmsWm\mw Pan-®-Xv.-\-ap-°m¿°pw ac-W-an-s√-∂mtWm Icp-Xp-∂-Xv.IjvSw!IjvSw! Kl-\-amb\c-P-∑sØ `uXnI kpJ-ßƒ°p-th≠n \in-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wt√m sNøp-∂Xv.

13. FX P∑w ]bm-k-s∏- n-°mewAX-h∂p ]nd∂p kpIr-X-Øm¬FX-P∑w Pe-Øn¬ Ign-™XpwFX-P∑w ae-Øn¬ Ign-™XpwFX-P∑ßƒ aÆn¬ Ign-™XpwFX P∑w ac-ß-fmbv \n∂XpwFX P∑w Acn®p \S-∂XpwFX P∑w ]d∂p \S-∂XpwFX P∑w arK-ßƒ ]ip-°-fmbva¿Øy-P-∑-Øn≥ aptº Ign®p \mw!FXbpw ]Wn-s∏- nßp amXm-hn≥K¿`-]m-X-Øn¬ hoW-X-dn-™mepw]Øp-amkw hb-‰n¬ Ign-™p-t]mbv]Øp-]-¥o-cm-≠p-Æn-bm-bn´pw t]mbvXs∂-Øm-\-`n-am-\n®p ]nt∂SwXs∂-Øm-\-dn-bmsX Ign-bp∂p



CX-Im-e-an-cn-bv°p-an-\n-sb∂pwkn≤tam \ap-t°-Xp-sam-∂n-√t√m\o¿t∏m-f-t]m-se-bp-s≈mcp tZl-Øn¬ho¿∏p-a-mX-ap-≠n-ßs\ ImWp∂pHm¿Øn-cn-bmsX ]mSp-s]-Sp-t∂cwt\¿Øp-t]m-Ip-a-sXt∂ ]d-bmhqAX-am-X-an-cn-bv°p∂ t\cØpIo¿Øn-®o-SpI \√Xncp-\maw!

(sshhn-[y-]q¿Æ-amb FXtbm P∑-ß-fn-eqsS k©-bn® kpIr-X-Øns‚ ê-am-Wv ChnsS t\Snb Cu a¿Øy-P∑w! CXn-\p-apºv ae-Ønepw Pe-Ønepw aÆn-ep-ambn Iran-Io-S-ß-fmbpw ]£n-ar-Km-Zn-I-fmbpw tNX-\m-tN-X\ cq]-Øn¬ P∑-]-c-º-c-Iƒ IS-∂p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXn-\p-ti-j-amWv a¿Xy-P∑w e`n-®-Xv. ]Wn-s∏´p t\SnbCu a¿Øy-P-∑-Øn¬ t]mepw ]tbm-P-\-]-Z-amb Imew Xptemw Ipd-hm-Wv. ]Øp-amkw Xtama-b-amb K¿ -Øn¬ Ign™p t]mIp-∂p. ]Øp-]-¥≠p h¿jw A⁄m-\]q-cn-X-amb _mey-ambpw t]mIp-∂p. ]n∂o-Sp≈ Aev]-am-X-amb Bbp- m-Is´,Bfl-⁄m\w t\Sm-\-√msX Zpc- n-am-\-Øn\p th≠n ]mgm-°p-I-bmWv!

C\n FX-Imew Pohn-®n-cn-°p-sa∂v B¿s°-¶nepw \n›-b-apt≠m? sh≈-ØnseIpan-f-t]mse Zp¿_-e-amb Cu DS-en¬ Bbp p \ne-\n¿Øp-∂Xv Hcp t\¿Ø]mW-\m-Wv. H´pw Hm¿Øn-cn-°msX, ùXnI kpJ-ßƒ°p-th-≠n-bp≈ A≤zm-\-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ AXv XI¿∂p-t]m-Imhp∂-tX D≈q. Pohn-X-Øns‚ Cu \n m-cX t_m[y-am-bn- pw, AXy-ev]-ambn e`n-°p∂ a¿Xym-bp- ns\ \mw Cuiz-c-k-¶o¿Ø-\-Øn-\√t√m]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv!).

14. ÿm\-am-\-ßƒ sNm√n-°-e-ln®p\mWw-sI´p \S-°p-∂nXp Nne¿aZ-a-’cw Nn¥n®p Nn¥n®paXn-sI´p \S-°p-∂nXp Nne¿N©-em-£n-am¿hoSp-I-fn¬ ]p°pIp©n-cm-a-\m-bm-Sp-∂nXp Nne¿tIme-I-ß-fn¬ tkh-I-cm-bn´ptImewsIń sRfn-bp-∂nXp Nne¿im¥n-sNbvXp ]pe¿Øp-hm-\m-bm´pk‘y-tbmfw \S-°p-∂nXp Nne¿sIm©n-s°m≠p hf¿sØmcp ss]XseI™n-°n-√m™p hn¬°p-∂nXp Nne¿AΩbv°pw ]p\-c-—\pw `mcybv°pwD◊m≥t]mepw sImSp-°p-∂n√ Nne¿A·n-km-£n-Wn-bm-sbmcp ]Xv\nsbkz]v\-Øn¬t]mepw ImWp-∂n√ Nne¿kØp-°ƒ I≠p in£n®p sNm√p-tºmƒiXp-sh-t∏mse Ip≤n-°p∂p Nne¿hµn-X-∑m-sc-°m-Wp∂ t\cØp\nµn-®tX ]d-bp-∂nXp Nne¿ImÏ \ΩpsS kwkm-cw-sIm-≠tXhniz-ao-hÆw \nev]q-sh∂pw Nne¿_m“-Wyw-sIm≠p Ip¥n®p Ip¥n®p



_“m-hp-sa-\n-bvs°m-∆m-sb∂pw Nne¿A¿∞m-ibv°p hncpXp hnfn-∏n-∏m≥A·n-tlm-XmZn sNøp-∂nXp Nne¿kz¿Æßƒ \h-c-Xv\-ß-sf-s°m≠pFÆw-Iq-SmsX hn¬°p-∂nXp Nne¿atØ- w-sIm≠p I®-hSw sNbvXpwDØ-a-Xp-c-K-ß-f-Xp-sIm≠pwAX-bp-a√ I∏¬sh-∏n-®n-´p˛saX-t\-Sp-∂n-X¿∞w inh-!inh!hrØn-bpw-sI´p [q¿Ø-cm-sb-s∏mgpwA¿∞-sØ-s°m-Xn-s®X \inbv°p∂p!

(ÿm\-am-\-ßƒ°p th≠n Ie-ln®v \mWw sI´p \S-°p-I-bmWp Nne¿. aZ-am-’-cym-Zn-I-fn¬ apgpIn Nne-cpsS _p≤n-Xs∂ sI´p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p.-kp-µ-cn-am-cpsSXmf-Øn-s\mØp Xp≈n Nne¿ ]cn-lm-k-]m-X-ß-fm-Ip-∂p.-tIm-hn-e-I-ß-fnse tkh-I-hr-Øn-bmWp Nne¿°p s]mß-®w.-h-b-‰n¬∏n-g-∏n\p th≠n `‡nbpw XmXv]-cyhpwC√msX im¥n-°mbn Imew Ign-°p-∂-h-cp-≠v.-em-fn®p hf¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h∂ k¥-Xnsb Hcp-t\-csØ I™n-°p-th≠n hn¬°p-∂-Xns\m amXm-]n-Xm-°sf ]´n-Wn-bn-Sp-∂-Xns\m A·n-km-£n-bmbn thfn-I-gn® ]Xv\nsb Dt]-£n-°p-∂-Xns\m Nne¿°pbmsXmcp aSn-bp-an-√.-k-÷-\-ß-tfmSv tIm]n-°p-∂-Xn\pw hµn-X-∑msc \nµn-°p-∂-Xn\pwNne¿ Hcp-sº-Sp-∂p.-hn-iz-Øns‚ \ne-\nev]p Xs∂ Xs‚ sNmev]-Sn-°mWv F∂mWvNne-cpsS `mhw._“m-hn-t\-°mfpw ap¥nb _m“-W\mWp Xm≥ F∂mWp Nne¿Icp-Xp-∂-Xv. Cu Ien-bp-K-Øn¬ \ma-k-¶o¿Ø\w sIm≠p-Xs∂ tam£w e`yam-sW-∂n-cns° A¿∞mi apgp -Øn´v A·n-tlm-Xm-Zn -bm -K -ßƒ \S-Øp∂pNne¿.kz¿Ww,-c-Xv\w,-B-\,-Ip-Xnc F∂n-h-bpsS hmWn-Py-Ønepw I∏¬ hym]m-c-Ønepw G¿s∏´v [\w t\Sp-∂-Xn\v IW-°n-√.-kz¥w Ipe-hrØn t]mepw ad-∂n´v[\m-i-bm¬ FX-t]-cmWv \in-°p-∂-Xv......-C∂pw ]k-‡-amWv ]q¥m-\-Øns‚ Cuhm°p-I-sf-∂Xp IqSn Hm¿an-°pI ).

15. A¿∞-saX hf-sc-bp-≠m-bmepwXr]vXn-bmIm a\- n-s∂mcp Imew]Øp-In´pIn¬ \qdp-a-Xn-sb∂pwiX-am-In¬ klkw aXn-sb∂pwBbncw ]Ww Iøn-ep-≠m-Ip-tºmƒAbp-X-am-In-em-›-cy-sa-∂XpwBi-bm-bp≈ ]mi-a-Xn-t¶∂pth¿hn-SmsX Itc-dp∂p ta¬°p-ta¬kØp-°ƒ sN∂n-c-∂m-em-b¿∞-Øn¬kzev]-amXw sImSm Nne ZpjvS-∑m¿NØp-t]mw-t\cw hkvX-a-Xp-t]mepwFØnSm sIm≠p-t]m-hm-s\m-cp-Ø¿°pw]›m-Øm-]-sam-sc-t≈m-f-an-√msXhnizm-k-]m-X-I-sØ-°-cp-Xp-∂p.hnØ-Øn-em-i-]-‰pI tlXp-hmbvkXysØ XyPn-°p∂p Nne-ctlmkXy-sa-∂Xp _“-a-Xp-Xs∂kXy-sa∂p Icp-Xp∂p kØp-°ƒhnZy-sIm-≠-dn-tb-≠-X-dn-bmsXhnZzm-s\∂p \Sn-°p-∂nXp Nne¿Ip¶p-a-Øns‚ hmk-a-dn-bmsXIp¶paw Npa-°pw-t]mse K¿±`w



IrjvW!IrjvW!\ncq-]n®p ImWp-tºmƒXrjvW-sImt≠ `an-°p-∂-sXm-s°-bpw.

(A-bp-Xw- -]-Xn-\m-bn-cw, K¿±- w- -I-gp-X.......[\-Øn\p th≠n-bp≈ ]c°w ]m®n¬Hcp ]mgv the-bm-Wv.-]Øp In´p-tºmƒ \qdpw Bbn-chpw ]Xn-\m-bn-chpw B°-W-sa-∂mWv tamlw.-B-im-]m-i-Øm¬ sI´n-h-en-°p-I-bmWv F√m-h-tc-bpw.Cu AXym¿Øn-°n-S-bn¬ A¿∞n-I-fmbn hcp∂ k÷-\-ßƒ°v kzev]w t]mepw sImSp-°p-∂n√Nne ZpjvS-∑m¿.-C-ß-s\-sbms° kzcq-]n-®mepw ac-W-k-a-bØv DSp-XpWn t]mepwsIm≠p-t]m-Im≥ km[n-°n-√.-]-›m-Øm-]-te-i-an-√msX hnizm-k-h-©\ \S-Øp-I-bmWvNne¿. kXyw Xs∂ _“w ˛ _“-w Xs∂ kXyw F∂mWv k÷-\-ßƒ Icp-Xp-∂-Xv.-hn-Zy-bpsS Cu ]c-tam-t±-i-a-dn-bmsX Nne¿ shdpsX hnZzm-s\∂p \Sn-°p-∂p.-Ip-¶p-a-Øns‚ kpK-‘-w Kln-°msX Ip-¶p-aw Npa-°p∂ Igp-X-tb-t∏m-se-bm-Wn-h¿.-C-Xn-s\ms° ASn-ÿm-\ambsXm∂p amXw-˛-Xr-jvW.).

16. FÆn-sb-Æn-°p-d-bp-∂n-Xm-bp pwa≠n-a-≠n-°-tc-dp∂p tamlhpw

h∂p-thm-Ww, Ign™p hnjp-sh∂pwh∂n-√t√m Xncp-hm-Xn-c-sb∂pwIpw`-am-k-Øn-em-Ip∂p \ΩpsSP∑-\-£-X-a-iz-Xn-\m-sf∂pwim≤-ap-≠tlm hr›n-I-am-k-Øn¬kZy-sbm-∂p-sa-fp-X-√n-\n-sb∂pwDÆn-bp-≠mbn thƒ∏n-®-Xn-semcpDÆn-bp-≠m-bn-°-≠mhq Rms\∂pwtImWn-°¬Øs∂ h∂ \ne-an\nImW-a-\y-s\-Sp-∏n-°-cp-sX∂pwC∞-tam-tcm∂p Nn¥n-®n-cn-°thNØp-t]m-Ip∂p ]mhw, inh!inh!

(XrjvW Ata-b-am-sW∂p amX-a-√, A\-¥-hp-am-Wv. kpJ-Xr-jvW-bpsS Zp¿hn-]-cybw t\m°pI; Hmtcmtcm taml-ß-fn¬s]´p-g∂v Bbp v Ipd™p Ipd-™p-h-cp∂p ˛ tamlw, hf¿∂p hcp-Ibpw! HmWw, hnjp, Xncp-hm-Xn-c, P∑-Zn-\w, im≤w,kZy Chn-sems° Ft∏mgpw DS-°n-°n-S-°pI-bmWv a\ v. DÆn-bp-≠m-bn-°-≠n´vAXn-s‚bpw DÆnsb°mWm≥ km[n-®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬! ASp-Øp≈ \ne-Øns‚ ImWwkz¥-am-°m-s\m-sØ-¶n¬! Fs¥m-s°-bmWv taml-ßƒ! (ImWw = `qan-bpsS \S-∏-h-Im-iw)

Cßs\ Hmtcm Nn¥-I-fn¬ apgp-In-bn-cn-°p-tºm-tgbv°pw IjvSw! Bbp v sI -S-ßp∂p: H∂pw t\Sm-sX ]mhw NØp-t]m-Ip∂p. a\p-jym-hÿ FX Zb-\obw!).

17. F¥n\nX ]d™p hnti-jn®pwNn¥n-®o-Sp-hn-\m-thm-f-sa-√m-cpw:I¿Ω-Øns‚ hen-∏-hp-tam-tcmtcmP∑-ßƒ ]eXpw Ign-s™-∂XpwIme-an∂p Ien-bp-K-sa-∂-Xpw`mc-X-J-WvU-Øns‚ hen-∏hpwAXn¬h∂p-]n-d-∂XpanX-\mƒ]gp-tX-Xs∂ t]mb-]-Im-c-hpw-B-bp- ns‚ ]am-W-an-√m-ØXpwBtcm-Ky-tØm-Sn-cn-°p-∂-h-ÿbpwC∂p\ma-k-¶o¿Ø-\w-sIm-≠p-S≥h∂p-IqSpw ]pcp-jm¿∞-sa-∂XpwC∂p sX‰n-bm-en-X-sb-fp-∏-ambvF∂p-ta-eneo-hÆw hcp-sa∂pwC\n-bp≈ \c-I- -b-ßfpw



C∂p-th≠pw \ncq-]-W-sam-s°bpwF¥n\p -hrYm Imew-I-f-bp∂p?sshIp-WvT-Øn\p s]mbvs°mƒhn-t\-hcpw!

(v a\p-jym-h-ÿ-sb-∏‰n hni-Z-am-bn-∏-dbp∂p. Aew-Ly-amWv I¿Ω-]m-iw.F∂m¬ AXn¬\n∂p tamN-\hpw tam£hpw e`n-°m≥ G‰hpw Ffp-∏-amb Ien-bp-K-Øn¬, `mc-X-J-WvU-Øn¬, BWv \mw h∂p ]nd-∂n-cn-°p-∂Xv˛P-∑-]-c-º-c-Iƒ°p-tijw a\p-jy-\mbn!

Ime-ssZ¿Ly-Øn¬ Ien-bp-Ktam ]]-©-hn-kvXr-Xn-bn¬ `mc-X-h¿jtam a\p-jy-P-∑-Øn¬ ]tbm-P-\-I-c-amb ka-btam AX hep-X-√m-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ , CsXms°HØp Inńb \mw `mKy-hm-∑m-cm-Wv. F∂nt´m, Inń-b-Xn¬ H´p-\mƒ ]gp-tX-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Bbp v FX-Imew IqSn-bp-≠mhpw F∂-Xn\v Hcp ]am-W-hp-an-√. Btcm-Kyhpw £bn-®phcp-∂p. At∏mƒ Inńb Aev]w \nan-j-Øn¬, \ma-k-¶o¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS, ]c-a-]p-cp-jm¿∞-amb tam£w t\Sm-sa-∂n-cns°, AXp \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm≥Cu kml-N-cy-ßƒ C\n F∂mWv HØp hcnI? FX P∑-]-c-º-c-Iƒ°p tij-am-bn-cn°pw? C\nbpw \c-I-ß-fn¬ ]Xn®v hrYm Bflm-hns\ ]oUn-∏n-t°-Wtam?Ct∏mƒXs∂ CsXms° Xocp-am-\n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]gptX Imew If-bmsX \c-P-∑sØ km¿∞-I-am-°p-hn≥. Cuiz-c-\m-a-k-¶o¿Ø-\-Øn-eqsS sshIpWvTw ]qIp-hn≥!).

18. IqSn-b√m ]nd-°p∂ t\cØpwIqSn-b√m acn-°p∂ t\cØpwat≤y-bn-ßs\ ImWp∂ t\cØpa’-cn-°p-∂-sX-¥n\p \mw hrYm?A¿∞tam ]pcp-jm¿∞-an-cn-°thA¿∞-Øn∂p sImXn-°p-∂-sX¥p \mw;a≤ym-”m¿°-]-Im-i-an-cn-°thJtZym-X-sØtbm am\n-®p-sIm-t≈≠q?

DÆn-Ir-jvW≥ a\- n¬°fn-°p-tºmƒDÆn-Iƒ a‰p-th-Wtam a°-fmbv?anX-ßƒ \ap-s°X inh!inh!hnjvWp-`-‡-∑m-cnt√ `ph-\-Øn¬?amb-Im´pw hnem-k-ßƒ ImWp-tºmƒPmb-Im´pw hnem-k-ßƒ tKmjvSn-Iƒ!`ph-\-Ønse `qXn-I-sfm-s°bpw`h\w \ap-°m-bXn-Xp-X-s∂.hniz-\m-Y≥ ]nXmhp \ap-s°√mwhniz-[mXn Ncm-N-c-am-XmhpwA—\pw ]p\-c-Ω-bp-ap-≠t√mc£n-®o-Sp-hm-\p≈ \msfm-s°bpw`n£m∂w \s√m-c-∂-hp-ap-≠t√m`£n-®o-Sp-I-Xs∂ ]Wn-bp-≈p.

(A¿∞w = BK-ln-°-Ø-°Xv ([-\-sa-∂pw), JtZymXw = an∂m-an-\p-ßv, hnem-k-ßƒ = t]a-tN-jvS-Iƒ; tKmjvSn-Iƒ= hnIr-X-tN-jvS-Iƒ, `qXn = sFiz-cyw, kºØv;hniz-[mXn = hniz-am-Xm-hv.

Fßs\ `ph-\-_‘-ßƒ hnS¿Øpw? tem -\o-b-amb ]eXpw Chn-sS-bnt√?˛F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ Nn¥-Iƒ \n¿Ωq-e-am-Wv. ]pX≥, If-Xw, _‘p, amXm-hv, ]nXm-hv, [\w, kpJw, Blmcw BZn-bmb à-ß-fn-sem∂pw s]´v Dg-e-cp-Xv. acn-°p∂t\cØpw Chsbm∂pw \sΩ A\p-K-an-°p-∂n-√. P∑-]-c-º-c-I-fn-eq-sS-bp≈ AXn-Zo¿L-amb bmX-bn¬, CS-bn-sem-cn-°¬, ]c-kv]cw I≠p-ap-ńb Cu \nan-jm¿≤-Øn-¬, hm’-eym-Zn-Iƒt°m am’-cym-Zn-Iƒt°m F¥mWv ]m[m\yw? \ap°v BK-ln-°-Ø-°-Xmbn ]c-a-]p-cp-jm¿∞-amb kmbqPyw Xs∂-bp-≈-t∏mƒ `qk-º-Øp-



°ƒ°pw hnj-b-kp-J-ßƒ°pw th≠n F¥n\p sImXn-°Ww? a≤ym-”m¿°s‚DK-tim-`-bp-≈-t∏mƒ an∂m-an-\p-ßns\ BZ-cn-t°-≠-Xm-bpt≠m? DÆn-Ir-jvW≥Xs∂ a\- n¬ kZm hnf-bm-Sp-tºmƒ thsd DÆn-Isf tamln-t°-Wtam? hnjvWp- -‡-∑m-scm-s°bpw \ΩpsS anX-ß-ft√? ambm-tam-l-ßƒ I≠-dn-™-h\v Ch-sb√mwshdpw hnIr-X-tN-jvS-I-fm-sW∂v t_m≤yw-hcpw. `ph-\-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ \ap°v kºm-Zn-°m-hp-∂Xv Cu `ph-\-Øn¬ hkn®p tam£w t\SpI F∂-Xp-am-X-am-Wv. AYhm\ΩpsS G‰hpw henb kºm-Zyw, ChnsS ]nd-hn-sb-SpØp F∂-XmWv; ImcWwtam£w ChnsS £n]-km-≤y-am-Wt√m. \ΩpsS Imcy-ßƒ t\m°n c£n-°p-hm≥hnizm-\m-Y\pw `ph-\-[m-Xnbpw A—-\-Ω-am-cm-bp-≈-t∏mƒ, Blm-c-Im-cy-ßƒ°p-t]mepw \mw t¢in-°-W-sa-∂n-√, k÷-\-ßƒ A¿∏n-°p∂ `n£m∂w Xs∂ aXn-bm-Ipw- -A-sXms° £n-®p-Xo¿°m-hp-∂-Xnepw A[n-I-am-Ipw. (]p-X≥, If-Xw, _‘p,amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ, [\, kpJw, Blmcw BZn-bmb `a-ß-fn-sem∂pw s]´p-g-e-cpXvF∂v Cu JWvU-Øn¬ BZyw ]d-™Xp ka¿∞n-°m-\m-bn, Ah-sbms° \njm-Im-a- -‡\v A\yYm e`y-amWv F∂p ]d-™phbv°p∂p).

19. k‡n-Iq-SmsX \ma-ß-sf-t∏mgpw`‡n-]q≠p P]n-°-Ww, \ΩpsSkn≤n-Imew Ign-thm-f-ao-hÆwi≤-tbmsS hkn-t°-W-ta-hcpwImWm-Ip∂ Ncm-N-c-Pm-Xnsb\mWw ssIhn´p Iq∏n-kvXp-Xn-°Wwlcn-jm-ip-]-cn-πp-X-\m-bn´p]cp-jm-Zn-I-sfm-s°- -ln-®p-S≥k÷-\-ßsf ImWp-∂-t\-cØpe÷-Iq-SmsX hoWp-\-an-°Ww`‡n-X-∂n¬ apgp-In-®-a-™p-S≥aØ-s\-t∏mse \rØw IpXn-°Ww]mcn-en-ßs\ k©-cn-®o-Sp-tºmƒ]mcm-_v[-ß-f-ti-j-sam-gn-™nSpwhn[n-®o-Sp∂ I¿Ω-sam-Sp-ßp-tºmƒ]Xn-®o-Sp∂p tZl-sam-tc-SØpsImXn-®o-Sp∂ _“-sØ-°-≠n´pIpXn-®o-Sp∂p Poh-\p-a-s∏mtg

(k‡n= kzm¿∞-tamlw; kn≤n-Imew Ign-thmfw- = Bbp v HSp-ßp-thmfw; lcn-jm-ip-]-cn-πp-X≥= l¿jm-ip-hn¬ apßn-b-h≥; ]cp-jm-Zn-Iƒ = ITn-\-h-N-\w, Zp:JwBZn-bm-b-h.

kc-f-amb titbm am¿§w Ihn Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p∂p: a\p-jy-P∑w t\Sn-b, Cuiz-c-km-£m-XvImcw tamln-°p∂ Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw I¿Øhyw CsXm-s°-bm-Wv.kzm¿∞-tamlw IqSmsX Bbp v HSp-ßpw-hsc `‡n-]q≠p Pohn-°pI; Cuiz-c-\m-a-ßƒ Ft∏mgpw Dcp-hn-SpI; Cuiz-c-ssN-X-\y-Øns‚ ]Xn- m-k-ß-fmWv Ncm-N-c-]-]©w F∂-Xn-\m¬ \n¿e-÷w, Ncm-N-c-]-]-©-Øn\v ]Wmaw A¿∏n-°p-I. Zp:JmZn-Itfm Ba-bm-Zn-Itfm ]mcp-jym-Zn-Itfm hI-h-bv°msX k¥p-jvS-lr-Z-b-tØmsS Ign-bpI; k÷-\-ßsf BZ-cn-°p-I. `‡n-bpsS ]mc-ay-Øn¬ D∑-Ø-\mbn \yØw sNø-s´. Cßs\ Cuiz-cm¿∏n-X-tN-X- mbn PohnXw \bn-°p-∂-h\v ]mc-_v[-ß-fn-√.`‡s‚ I¿Ω-_-‘\w Ah-km-\n-°p-tºmƒ, \ncp-]-tbm-K-am-bn-Øo-cp∂ DS-ens\Dt]-£n®v Poh≥ _“-tem-I-tØbv°p IpXn-®p-b¿∂v ]c-am-flm-hn¬ hnebw ]m]n-°p-∂p. B Ah-ÿ-bn¬, Xm≥, Cuiz-c≥ F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ ssZzX- m-h-an-√. k®n-Zm-\-µ-kz-cq]w amXw).

20. k‡n-th-dn´p k©-cn-®o-Sp-hm≥]mX-am-bn-√-sb-∂-Xp-sIm-t≠Xpw]cn-Xm]w a\- n¬ apg-t°≠mXncp-\m-a-Øn≥ amlmflyw tI´mepw



PmXn-]m¿°n-sem-c-¥y-P-\m-InepwthZ-hmZn alo-kp-c-\m-Inepw\mhp-Iq-SmsX PmX-∑m-cm-InbaqI-sc-b-sßm-gn-®p≈ am\p-j¿FÆ-a‰ Xncp-\m-a-ap-≈-Xn¬H∂p-am-X-sam-cn -°-semcp Zn\wkzÿ-\m-bn-ń -cn -°p-tºm-sg-¶nepwkz]v\-Øn¬Øm\-dn -bm-sX-sb-¶nepwas‰m-∂m-bn-∏-cn -l-kn-s®-¶nepwas‰m-cp-Ø¿°p th≠n-sb-∂m-InepwGXp-Zn -°n-en-cn -°nepw X∂psS\mhp-sIm-≠nXp sNm√n-sb-∂m-InepwAXp-a-s√m-cp-t\-c-samcp Zn\wsNhn-sIm-≠nXp tI´p-sh-∂m-InepwP∑-km-^-ey-a-s∏mtg h∂p-t]mbv_“-km-bqPyw Inó-Sp -sa-∂t√mio[-cm-Nm-cy¿Xm\pw ]d-™nXp_mZ-cm-b-W≥ Xm\p-a-cpƒsNbvXpKoXbpw ]d-™o-Sp-∂-Xn-ßs\thZhpw _lp-am-\n®p sNm√p∂pBtamZw ]q≠p sNm√p-hn≥ \ma-ßƒB\µw]q≠p _“-Øn¬ tNcp-hn≥.

(k‡n-˛-`p-h-\-kw-Kw, io[-cm-Nm-cy¿˛`m-K-hX hymJym-Xm-hmb Hcp BNm-cy≥, _mZ-cm -b-W≥˛th-Z -hym -k≥.... . . . . . . . . - ]-]-©-tØm-Sp≈ Bk‡nbn¬s]´p -g -ep -∂ -h\pw tam£-am¿Kw \¬Im≥ X°-hn[w Xncp -\m -a -Øns‚amlmflyw D∂-X-amWv .Pm-Xn-bn¬ G‰hpw \nIr-jvSt\m sshZnI _m“-Wt\m, Bcp-Xs∂ Bbmepw aqI-\-√m-Ø-h≥ Znh-k-Øn¬ Hcp-X-h-W-sb-¶nepw PmK-Z-h-ÿ-bntem kz]v\-Øntem `‡n-tbm-sStbm ]cn-lm-k-tØm-sS-sb-¶n-eptam Ah-\-h\p th≠ntbm A\y¿°p th≠n-sb-¶n-eptam Dcp-hn-´m¬ P∑-km-êyw ssIh-cpw. -A-Ø-c-Øn¬ D®-cn -°m-\m-hm-Ø-h¿°v Xncp-\m-tam-®m-cWw sNhn-s°m-≠mepw kmbqPyw e`n -°pw. -hym-k\pw io[-cm-Nm-cy\pw `K-h-ZvKo-Xbpw thZ-ß-sfm-s°bpw ]d-bp-∂Xv Cusbmcp Imcy-am-Wv.

21. aXn-bp-s≠-¶n-sems° aXn-bnXpXncp-\m-a-ßƒ amlm-fly-am-hnXp]ng-bm-Inepw ]ng-tI-sS-∂mepwXncp-hp-≈-a-cpƒI `K-hmt\!

(aXn = _p≤n, a\ v (a-Xn -bmIpw F∂ A¿∞-Øn-epw) Xncp-hp-≈-a-cpƒI = Ir]-sNm-cn -bp-I......... \c-P∑w k^-e-am-°o-Sp -hm≥ Xncp-\m-a-ßƒ\mhn-t∑-se-t∏mgpw ]ncn -bm-sX-bn -cn -°Ww F∂ Imhym¿∞w-X-s∂-bmWvIhn°p \¬Im-\p≈ ⁄m\w. A°mcyw ChnsS Dd-∏n®p ]d-bp-∂p._p≤nbpwa\- p-ap-s≠-¶n¬, CX-am-Xta a\- n-em-°p-hm-\p-≈q. C∏-d-™-XmWv Xncp-\m-a-am-lm-flyw. AXnse sX‰p-Ip-‰-ßƒ Imcy-am-°msX Xs∂ aXn-am\v Cuiz-c-\m-a-k-¶o¿Ø-\-Øns‚ almflyw t_m≤y-am-Ipw.Cuiz-c-\m-a-k-¶o¿Ø-\-Øns‚ amlmflyw C]-Imcw ]Io¿Øn-®-Xn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw ]ng-I-fp -≠m-bn-´p -s≠-¶n¬Ø-s∂, F∂n¬ Ir] sNmcn-tb-W-ta, `K-hmt\!).

]q¥m-\-Øn\v tIc-f -Øns‚ kmwkvIm-cn -I -N -cn - X -Øn-ep -ff ÿm\waWn-]-hm -f -km-ln -Xy -Øn-se, A\n -b-¥n -X-ambn iywKm-c -h¿Æ-\-Iƒ

hmcn -hn -X -dp∂ alm-[q¿Øns‚ ]n∂m -se -bmWv `mj-bn¬ `‡n -km -ln -Xy -Øns‚ ]S¿∂p -I -Ø-ep -≠m -b -X v . Cu c≠v kmln -Xy -c q -] -ßƒ°pwt]cI-am -bn -cp∂ Nne kmaq -ln -I -k-Xy -ßƒ tIc-fo -b -P -\ -Po -hn -X -Øn -ep -



≠m-bn -c p -∂p . kaq -l -Ønse hnZym -k -º -∂-cm -bn -c p∂ D] -c n -h¿§ -ßƒ,t£X-ßsf tIµo -I -cn®p \bn -®n -cp∂ IpØ-gn™ Pohn -X -amWv \ΩpsSaWn - ] -hmf kmln -Xy -Ønse iywKm -c - ] -hm-l-Øns‚ aqe-tim-X- v. -D -]-cn -h¿K-Øns‚ kpJ-XrjvW kaq-l-Øns‚ XmW-X-e-ß-fn -tebv°pw Dudn-bn -d -ßp∂-XmWv F√m-Im-eØpw F√m kaq-l-Ønepw "]cn -jvImc' Øns‚Ncn - Xw. Fgp -Ø-—-s‚bpw ]q¥m-\-Øn-s‚bpw Ime-Øn\p apºv, kaq -l-Ønse D¬IrjvS -cm -bn -cp -∂ -h¿ ]Io¿Øn -®n -cp∂ aWn - ] -hm -f -Øns‚kwkvIm-chpw CXp-t]mse "]cn-jvImc' ambn- `-hn®v XmW-X-e-ßsf _m[n-®n -´p -≠v. CXn¬ a\-ap -cp -Inb kmXzn -I-∑m-cm-bn -cp∂p Xp©-sØ-gp -Ø-—\pw]q¥m\w \ºq-Xn -cnbpw a‰pw. ]q¥m-\-Øns‚ ⁄m\-∏m-\-bn¬, tIc-fo-b-cn¬ Hcp hn`m-K-Øns‚ PohnXw F¥p-amXw sI´-gn -™-Xm-bn -cp∂p F∂kqN-\-bpw, Ah-cpsS kmwkvIm-cn -Im-[x-]-X-\-sØ-∏‰n as‰mcp Ihnbpw Hcn -°epw ]d-™n-´-n√mØ Xc-Ønep≈ AXn-\n -in -X-amb hna¿i-\hpw D≠v.

"" ÿm\-am-\-ßƒ sNm√n-°-e-ln®p. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .tImew-sIń sRfn-bp-∂nXp Nne¿......... ''

F∂n-ßs\ GXm\pw hcn-I-fn -embn ]q¥m\w \S-Øp∂ Kuc-hm-h-l-amb kmaq -ln -I -hn -a¿i\w ae-bm -f -Ønse as‰mcp Ihnbpw (Iq -©≥\-ºym¿t]m -epw) \S -ØmØ Xc-Øn¬ Xo£vWhpw e-£y-th-[n -bp -am -Wv .]q¥m\w Cu hcn -I-fn -eqsS NnXo-I-cn -°p∂ Xc-Øn-ep -ff ùXn-I-kp-J-XrjvW tIc-f-Øn¬ \ne-hn -en -cp∂p F∂v \ΩpsS BZy-Im-e-a-Wn-]-hm-f-Ir-Xn -I-fn¬\n∂pw hy‡-am-Ip-∂p-ap -≠v. "DÆn®ncp-tXhn', "DÆn-bmSn' F∂n-ß-s\-bp -ff BZy-Im -e -N-ºp -°fpw H∏w ]nd∂ a‰v "A®o-N-cnX' ßfpwCØcw \qdp -\qdp NnX-ßƒsIm≠v \nd-™-h-bm-Wv. ]t£ Ah-bpsS Ihn-Iƒ ]q¥m-\-sØ-t∏mse kmaq-ln-I-hn -a¿i-Itcm `‡-∑mtcm Bbn-cp -∂n-√. adn®v " N©-em-£n-am¿ hoSp -I-fn¬ ]p°p Ip©n-cm-a -∑m-cmbn BSp-∂-h-cm-bn -cp∂p' Ah¿.

`‡-n]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ DZ-b-Im-eØpw ]pjv°-em-h-ÿ-bnepw tIc-f-Øn-ep -≠mb kmln-Xy-IrXn -Iƒ ]cn -tim-[n -®m¬, Ah-bn¬ aq∂p-hn -[-Øn-ep -ff Cuiz-c-Io¿Ø-\-ß-fp -s≠∂p ImWmw; ta¬∏p-Øq-cns‚ "\mcm-b-Wob'tØt∏m-ep-ff AXn-K-l-\-ßfpw kwkvIr-X-amX hnc-Nn -X-ß-fp -amb IrXn-I-fmWv H∂v.Infn -∏m-´p -Ifpw "lcn-\m-a -Io¿Ø\hpw Dƒs∏-Sp∂ Kuc-h-Øn-I-hp-ff `mjm-Ir-Xn -I-fmWv c≠m-a-tØ-Xv. ]q¥m-\-Øn-t‚-Xpƒs∏-sS-bp-ffefn -X -`m -jm -\n -_-‘-ß-fmb eLp-Io¿Ø-\-ß-fmWv aq∂m-asØ hn`m -K -Øn¬s∏-Sp -∂-h.

Cu aq∂p kmln-Xy-cq -]-ßƒ°pw \ΩpsS kmwkvIm-cn -I-N-cn -X-Øn¬]tXyIw ]tXyIw ÿm\-ap -≠v. kwkvIr-X-]-WvUn-Xcpw kmln-Xy-a¿Ω-⁄-cpw, F∂m¬ Ime-L-´-Øns‚ kuI-cy-ß-fn¬s∏´Xn\m¬ kpJ-tem-ep-]-cp -am-bn -cp∂ ap≥]-d™ D]-cn -h¿§-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ s]s´∂p IS-∂p-sN-√m≥, Akm-am -\y -]m -WvUn -Xyhpw kmln -Xy -a¿Ω-⁄-Xbpw kam -\ -ambh¿Æ-a-ln -abpw D≠m-bn -cp∂ kmXzn -tIm-Ø-a-\mb ta¬∏p-Øq¿ `´-Xn -cn -∏m-Sns‚ "\mcm-b-Wob' Øn\pw CXc kwkvIr-X-\n -_-‘-ßƒ°pw km[n-®n -´p -≠v. ssXh¿Æn-I-c-s√-¶nepw kmln-Xy-t_m-[-ap -f-f-h-cm-bn -cp∂ hn⁄-∑-m¿°n-S -bn -emWv Fgp-Ø-—s‚ Infn -∏m-´p -Iƒ°p IqSp -X¬ ]Nmcw t\Sm≥km[n-®-Xv. AXns‚ ê-amWv hnin-jvS-I¿Ω-ß-fpsS `mK-ambn tIc-fo-b-Kr-l-ß-fnepw Kmam-¥-c-ß-fnse sNdnb t£X-ß-fnepw C∂pw \nehn-en -cn -°p∂ ]pcmW]m-cm-b-Ww. F∂m¬ hnZym-k-º-∂tcm km£-ctcm A√m-Xn-cp∂ _lp-`q -cn]£w hcp∂ km[m-c-W-P-\-ßƒ°nS-bn¬, ]tXy-In®pwkvXoIƒ°pw Ipń -Iƒ°pw CS-bn¬, Bkv-Xn -Iy-t_m[w \ne-\n¿Øn-bXv]m\-∏m-´p -I-fpƒs∏-sS-bp-ff eLp-Io¿Ø-\-ß-fm-Wv.



Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ°p-ff ASn-ÿm-\-kz-`m-h-ßƒ `‡nbpw Km\m-flI-X-bp-am -Wv. AXv D®-Øn-em-e-]n -°-s∏´v Np≠n¬\n∂p ImXn-te°p ]Icp∂p.Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ lrZn -ÿ-am-°p-∂-Xn\v FgpØpw hmb-\bpw Adn-™n-cn -°-W-sa-∂n-√. Km\-X-ev]-c-Xbpw BkvXn-Iyt_m-[-hp-amWv Io¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS]Nm-c-tWm-]m-[n -Iƒ. Km\-X-Xv]-cX a\p-jys‚ ASn-ÿm-\-kz-`m-h-am-Wv.F√m-Øcw A⁄m-\-ßƒ°pw A\m-Nm-c-ßƒ°pw ASn-bn-epw, tIc-f-Ønsekm[m-c-W-P-\-ß-fpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ ZrV-amb BkvXn-Iy-t_m-[-Øns‚ ASn-Ød F√m-°m-eØpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Aßs\ ]q¥m-\-Øns‚ efn-X-`mjm-\n-_-≤-ß-fmb eLp-Io¿Ø-\-ßƒ tIc-f-Ønse Ahn-⁄-cmb km[m-c-W-°m-cpsS CS-bn¬ ]S¿∂p-I-b-dpI Xs∂-bp-≠m-bn.

`mj-bnse Zm¿i-\n-I-Im-hy-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬, ]q¥m-\-Øns‚ ⁄m\-∏m-\bv°v Hcp]tXy-I-ÿm-\-ap≠v ˛ AXv km[m-c-W-°m-cs‚ Zm¿i\n-I-Im-hy-am-Wv. \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn BkvXn-I-¿°nS-bn¬ ]N-cn-®n-cp∂ AXn-km[m-c-W-amb Hcp XØz-Nn-¥-bmWvAXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-in-e. I¿Ω-_-≤-amb P\-\-a-c-W]-c-º-c-Iƒ _“mhp apX¬Cu®-sb-dp-tºmfw ka-kvX -kr-jvSn-Iƒ°pw _m[-I-amWv. Pohn-X-ØneqsS t\Sp∂]pWy-]m-]-ß-fpsS `mWvU-hp-ambn Pohm-flmhv P∑-]-c-º-c-I-fpsS Np‰p-tIm-Wn-bn¬Ib-dn-bn-d-ßp-∂p. ÿnc-amb Cuiz-cm¿∏-W-amWv P\n-ar-Xn-]-c-º-c-I-fn¬\n∂p-ff ap‡n-am¿§w. Cuiz-cm¿∏-W-Øn-\v, hy‡n-bpsS i‡n-°-\p-k-cn®v ]e D]m[n-Ifpw Ds≠-¶nepw Ien-bp-K-Øn¬ Cuiz-c-\m-tam-®m-cWw F∂ eLpkm≤y-amb am¿§-Øn-eqsSFsXm-cmƒ°pw I¿Ω-_‘\-Øn¬ \n∂pw P∑-]-c-º-c-I-fn¬\n∂pw hnap-‡n°pw]c-a-]p-cpjm¿∞-amb tam£-Øn\pw A¿lX t\Smw. AXp-sIm≠v Ien-bp-K-Øn¬\c-P∑w t\Snb F√m-hcpw ]WvUn-X-]m-c-a-c-t -Z-sa-t\y, h¿Æ-B-i-a-t -Zsas\y Cuiz-c-\m-a-k-¶o¿Ø-\-Øn¬ apgp-Ip-hn≥; Aßs\ kmbpPyw t\Sp-hn≥! AXn-e-fn-XhpwAb-Xv\-km-≤y-hp-amb Cu ]c-a⁄m-\-amWv ]q¥m\w tIc-f-Ønse kmam-\y-P-\-ßƒ°v "⁄m\-∏m\-bn-eqsS \¬Ip-∂-Xv.

Aßs\ Cuiz-c-\m-tam-®m-c-W-am-lmflyw F∂ ]ca-⁄m-\hpw AXn-\p-ff hn -h-ßfpw ]q¥m-\-Øns‚ BkvXn-Iy-t_m-[-Øm¬ ]qcn-X-amb Imhy-kn-≤n-bn¬\n∂pwe`y-am-b-t∏mƒ, tIc-f-Ønse km[m-cW P\-ßƒ B≤ym-fln-I-]-cn-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚alm-]-YØn-se-Øp-I-bmWp≠mb-Xv.`‡n-bpsS am¿§-Øn-eqsS kmam-\y-P-\-ß-fpsS a\- ns\ DZm-Ø-h¬°-cn®v kmwkvIm-cnI \ho-I-c-Whpw kao-I-c-Whpw t\Snb BNm-cy-\mWv ]q¥m-\w. At±lw tIc-f-Ønse kmam-\y-P-\-ß-fpsS Zm¿i-\n-I-\m-Wv. k¿t∆m-]cn BkvXn-Iy-t_m-[sØ k‘ym-I¿Ωw F∂ Nn -bn¬\n-∂p-b¿Øn kX-X-[¿ΩwF∂ D∂-X-]o-T-Øn¬ ]Xn-jvTn® `mKthtXm-Ø-a-\mWv ]q¥m-\w.

Ieym-W-ku-K-‘nIwaebmf°cbn¬ ]nd∂ alm]Xn`mimenIfn¬ ]eXpsIm≠pw it≤b\pw,

kz¥amb hy‡nXzw sIm≠v _lpP\kamcm[y\pw BbnØn¿∂ almIhnbmWvIp©≥\ºym¿. At±lsØ∏‰n tIƒ°mØ tIcfnbcn√. \m´n≥]pdßsft∂m\Kcßsft∂m, A£cm`ymkap≈hsct∂m C√mØhsct∂m, _mesct∂mhy≤sct∂m bph°sft∂m, kº∂sct∂m ZcnZsct∂m D≈ t`Zw IqSmsX,tIcfsam´msI Adnbs∏Sp∂ Dcp almIhnbmWv Ip©≥. ‘Ip©≥’ F∂XvHma\t∏cmWv. At±lØns‚ bYm¿∞ \mat[bw cmas\t∂m IrjvWs\t∂mBbncn°msa∂v Nne ]finXΩm¿ IcpXp∂p. ‘\ºymcmim≥’ F∂ t]cn¬ CualmIhn, _lpP\lyZbßfn¬ D∂Xamb BZcWobamb, kvt\l\n¿`cambÿm\w ]nSn®ncn°p∂p. km[mcW°mcmb klyZbscbpw P\ßsfbpw HcpZriyIesbs°m≠v CXamXw BI¿jn°pIbpw, IhnXsIm≠v ckn∏n°pIbpwsNbvXn´p≈ ]mNn\ IhnIƒ Ip©s\t∏mse a‰mcpw Cs√∂pXs∂ ]dbmw.‘sNm¬°mgvN’ F∂v \mw C∂p sIm≠mSp∂ XmftafkΩniamb Imhymem]kºZmbØns‚ D]⁄mXrXzw bYm¿∞Øn¬ Ip©≥\ºym¿°mWpIev]n®psImSpt°≠Xv. B A\pKrloXIhnhcys‚ cknIXzw \nd™p



Xpfpºp∂ IhnX, ]finX\pw ]mac\pw H∂pt]mse lrZnÿam°nDcphn´ph∂ncp∂p.Ihnbpw Imehpw:

Nne sFXnlyßfpw Kmahr≤cn¬ \n∂p Inńbn´p≈ IYIfpwtI´ptIƒhnIfpw kmlnXyIrXnIfn¬\n∂p e`n®n´p≈ Nne sXfnhpIfpwDulmt]mlßfpw A]q¿∆w Nne B[mcßfpw amXta Cu hnjbØn¬ \ap°vAhew_ambn´p≈p. kmlnXyNcnXI¿Øm° ∑mcmb ]n. tKmhnµ∏n≈, B¿.\mcmbW∏Wn°¿, kmlnXy]©m\\≥, almIhn D≈q¿ XpSßnbh¿Ip©≥\ºymscbpw AtZlØns‚ IhnXIsfbpw Ipdn®v khnkvXcw]Xn]mZn®n´p≠v. F¶nepw kmlnXy]©m\\≥ ]n. sI. \mcmbW]n≈bmWv\ºymsc∏‰n BZyambn KthjW _p≤ym ]Tn°pIbpw Hcp hna¿i\KŸwXbmdm°pIbpw sNbvXXv. A±lØns‚ A`n]mbw Xs∂bmWv C∂pwB[nImcnIamb ]amWambn klrZb¿ k¿∆mfl\m ssIs°m≈p∂Xpw.\ºym¿Pohn®ncp∂Xv InkvXph¿jw ]Xns\´mw \q‰m≠nem sW∂p≈ ImcyØn¬ Cu]finXΩmsc√mw GIm`n]mb°mcmWv. H∂pIqSn kq£vaambn ]dbp∂]£w,G. Un. 1705 apX¬ 1770 hscbmWv \ºymcpsS PohnXIme ambn\n¿Æbn°s∏ń´p≈Xv.PohNcnXw:

In≈n°pdn»nawKeØp≈ Ie°Øp`h\ØnemWv \ºym¿ (\ºnbm¿,\ºym¿ ˛ Cu c≠p cq]ßfpw icnbmWv) P\n®Xv. ]me°m´p Pn√bn¬ e°nSndbn¬th tÃj\SpØp≈ Hcp sNdnb KmaamWv In≈n°pdn»nawKew. AhnsSinh£XØn¬ im¥nbp≠mbncp∂ InSßq¿ I√º≈na\bv°se Hcp\ºqXncnbmbncp∂p \ºymcpsS A—s\∂p hnizkn°s∏Sp∂p.\ºym¿h¿§Øn¬s∏´ HcmƒXs∂bmWv Ip©s‚ ]nXmsh∂pwA`n]mbap≈hcp≠v.

_meyØn¬ A—s‚ IqsS InSßqcn¬ h∂p tN¿∂ \ºym¿ tIm´bØn\SpØp≈ IpSamfq¿ KmaØnse sXt°SØp `´Xncnsb Bibn®p IgnbpIbpw,At±lw hgn sNºIt»cn cmPmhns‚ cmP[m\nbnev, AXmbXv Aºe∏gbn¬,sN∂ptNcpIbpw sNbvXp. sNºIt»cn cmPmhns‚ a¥nbmbncp∂p sXt°SØp`´Xncn. Aºe∏pgh®v \ºym¿, cmPmhns‚ tk\m\mbI\mbncp∂ amØq¿ ]Wn°cpsSbpw, ]`p°fmbncp∂ \¥n°m´v DÆnchn°pdp∏v, tZmWº≈n BNmcy≥F∂nh cpsSbpw ]oXnbpw kulrZhpw injyXzhpw t\Sn. am¿Ømfih¿ΩalmcmPmhv sNºIt»cncmPyw shń∏nSn®S°p∂Xphsc, \ºm¿ Aºe∏psgXmakn®p. ]n∂nSv amØq¿]Wn°¿ apJm¥cw \ºym¿, am¿Ømfih¿ΩbpsSbpsSbpw ]n∂oSv [¿ΩcmPmhns‚bpw BinX\mbn Xncph\¥]pcØpXmakam°n. Aºe∏psg sh®pw, Xncph\¥]pcØpsh®pamWv \ºym¿ Xs‚Xp≈¬ IrXnIsf√mw FgpXnbn´p≈Xv. Dt±iw c≠p hymgh´°mewAºe∏pgbnepw, ]Xnt\gp h¿j tØmfw Xncph\¥]pcØpw \ºym¿Xmakn®ncn°Ww.hm¿≤Iyambt∏mƒ Aºe∏psgØs∂ Xncn®p t]mIm≥ \ºym¿BKzlw ]ISn∏n®p. almcmPmhv AXn\p kΩXn°pIbpw, Aºe∏psg \ºym¿°vkpJambn Ign™pIqSm\p≈ hkvXphIIfpw t£XØn¬\n∂n≈ BZmbhpwa‰pw A\phZn®psImSpØv At±lsØ bmXbm°pIbpw sNbvXp.

Aßs\ \ºym¿ Aºe∏psg Xncn®ph∂v \ºym¿aTØn¬ Xmakn®phcthXs‚ t£aImw£nbmb amØq¿]Wn°sc kµ¿in°m≥CSbv°nsS s\SpapSnbn¬t]mIpambncp∂p. AhnsSsh®v Hcp t]∏ń ISn°m\nSbmbn. \ºym¿ kzKrlØn¬Xncns®Øn NnIn’ XpSßn. kZy]nb\mbncp∂ \ºym¿ BbnsS Aºe∏pgXncpapev]mSns‚ `h\Øn¬ \S∂ Hcp amkaSnb¥ncØn¬ ]¶psIm≠p. \ºym¿aTØn\p sXm´SpØmWv Xncpapev]mSns‚ Kylhpw. t]∏ńhnj_m[nX¿°v Xosc\njn≤amb \mcmß°dn \ºym¿ Iq´pIbpw hnjw aq¿—n®p acWImcWambn]cnW an°pIbpw sNbvXp.



Xp≈ens‚ D¤hw‘Xp≈¬ ’ F∂ Iem ]ÿm\Øn\p w kmlnXyc q]Øn\p w

_oPmhm]w sNøpIbpw , AXns\ ]camh[ n ]c n t]mjn∏ n°m≥ian°pIbpw, Aßs\ Iem]cambpw kmlnXy]cambpw tIcfnb¿°vFs∂∂pw Hm¿°Ø°hÆw alØmsbmcp I¿Øhyw \n¿ln°pIbpwsNbvXXn\ptijamWv \ºym¿ \sΩ hn´p]ncn™Xv. Xp≈¬]ÿm\Øns‚BKasØ∏‰n ][m\ambpw \mw a\ nem°p∂X v kp ]kn≤ambHsscXnlyØn¬°qSnbmWv. Ip©≥ Aºe∏pgbn¬ Xmakn°p∂ Imew.A∂v t£XØn¬ \S∂ncp∂ IeIfpsS Iq´Øn¬ NmIym¿IqØn\mbncp∂p]Yaÿm\w. A∂sØ AXnhnZK v≤\mbncp∂ NmIym¿, Hcn°¬IqØp]d™psIm≠nc p∂t∏mƒ a n g mh v sIm´ nb nc p∂X vIp©≥ºymcmbncp∂p. NmIym¿ t«mIw sNm√n\ndpØn, angmhpsImt´≠Hcp kµ¿`w h∂t∏mƒ \ºym¿ Ddßt∏mbn. AXp ckn°Ø NmIym¿\ºymsc B kZ n¬h®p IW°n\p Ifnbm°n. NmIym¿ sXmSpØphnSp∂GXpXcw ]cnlmkßfpw iImcßfpw A∂sØ t]£Icmb klyZbcpwa‰ p w kln°pItbbp≈p . NmIymtcmS v ad pØ H∂pw ]dbm≥cmPm°am¿°pt]mepw \nhyØnbn√. AXbv°v kzmX¥yw A\p`hn®ncp∂IemImc\mbncp∂p NmIym¿. A∂sØ NmIymcpsS ]cnlmksa√mwIp©\pw kln®p . ]t£, ] n t‰Z nhkw NmIym¿ I pØp]d™psIm≠ncp∂t∏mƒ, \ºym¿ ]It]m°ms\∂hÆw, sXm´SpØ≈ IfnØń¬Ibd n , XmftafßtfmS p w ] qX nb thjhn[m\tØmS p wkwKoXmem]tØmSpwIqSn Hcp \qX\Ie ]Z¿in∏n®pXpSßn.IqØptIńcp∂hsc√mw AXp ImWm\pw tIƒ°m\pambn Atßmt´mSn. NmIym¿kZkycmcpan√msX hnjÆ\mbn \n∂p. Aßs\ \ºym¿, XteZnhkwXs∂ IW°‰p ]cnlkn® NmIytcmSp ]Icw hoń. ‘IeymWkuK‘nIw’Bbncp∂p \ºym¿ BZyambn Actßdnb IY.

Cu sFXnlyØns‚ hnizmkyXsb Nne¿ tNmZyw sNøp∂p≠v.F∂m¬, BtemNn®pt\m°nbm¬ Akw`mhyambn H∂pwXs∂ CusFXnlyIYbnens√∂p ImWmw. NmIym¿IqØn\p angmhpsIm´p∂Xv\ºym∑mcmWt√m. Ip©≥\ºym¿ Aºe∏pgbn¬ h∂p Xmakam°nbImeØv Xs‚ IpesØmgnen¬ G¿s∏SpI F∂Xv km[mcWamWv .\ºymsct∏mse ]Xn`mimenbpw _p≤nam\pw sNdp∏°mc\pamb Hcmƒ,NmIymcpsS Ifnbm°en¬ Aa¿jwsIm≈pIbpw, B NmIymsc H∂p]‰n°Wsa∂p hnNmcn°pIbpw sNbvsX¶n¬ AXpw kzm`mhnIamWv. C\n‘IeymWkuK‘nIw ’ t]msemcp IrXn Hcp cmXnsIm≠v \ºym¿°vFgpXm≥ Ig nb pamb nc p t∂m F∂msW¶n¬, X¬°memhiyØn\pIptdsbgpXn, ]n∂oSv AXp ]q¿Ønbm°nbXmhpw F∂p hnNmcn°p∂Xn¬bp‡nbp≠v. Infn∏m´v, h©n∏m´v, lwk∏m´v, XncphmXnc∏m´v, ]m\ XpSßnbkmlnXycq]ßfnepw aWn]hmfØnepw IhnX cNn®v CXn\IwXs∂ \√Xg°w kn≤n® nc p∂ \ºym¿° v X p≈¬∏m´ v Fg p∂Xn\ p]bmkap≠mbncp∂ncn°bn√. IeymWkuK‘nIw IYbmsW¶n¬ AXpwCXnlmk]kn≤amWt√m. ]pXnb IYbpw ]pXnb hrØhpw tXSn\ºym¿°v Fßpw t]mtI≠nh∂n√. ]kn≤amsbmcp IY, A°meØv]Npc ]Nmca p≠mbnc p∂ ]m´ ns‚ c q]Øn¬ Xt‚Xmb N nekwh n[m\ IaßtfmsS ênX]c nlmkßƒ CSIe¿Ønkmam\yP\ßƒ°p cpNn°Ø°hÆw AhXcn∏n°pIbmWv \ºym¿sNb vXX v . AXp P\ßƒ°p Atßb‰w C„s∏SpIbpw sNø vXp .Aºe∏pgbpsS kao]]tZßfnemWv \ºym¿ Xs‚ \qX\Ie BZyambn]Nc n∏ n®X v . AhnSßfnse [¿ΩssZhßfmb XIf n[¿Ωimk vXmhnt\bpw amØq¿ `KhXnsbbpw a‰ p w \ºym¿ Xs‚XpffepIfn¬ kvacn°p∂p≠v.



Xp≈epIƒ:

\ºy m c p s S X p≈¬°rX nIƒ BZ y a mb n A®S n® p ]k n≤ nI c n°s∏´X v sI m√h¿jw 1 0 8 4 ˛¬ BW v . sI m√ wh n Z y m ` n h ¿≤ n\ n ] n s‚ D S aÿ\mb n c p∂ Fk v . ‰ n .s dU vU y m c mb n c p∂ p ]km[I≥ . BZ y w 3 2 X p≈¬°YIf p s Ska mlca mb H∂m w ` mK w At Zlw ]k n≤s∏S pØ n . ] n∂ o S vc≠psIm√w Ign™v 26 IYIfSßnb c≠mw`mKpw ]kn≤oIcn®p. ]ns∂c≠psIm√Øn\ptijw Cu AºØnsb´p IrXnIfpw tN¿Øv Hcpkamlmcambn At±lw ]kn≤w sNbvXp. BsI°qSn Adp]Øn\mepXp≈¬°YIƒ \ºym¿ FgpXnbn´ ps≠∂mWv sFXnlyw . ]t£,]kn≤oIyXßfmb IrXnIfn¬ 42 FÆw amXta Ip©t‚Xmbp≈p F∂vD≈q¿ ]dbp∂p.41 F∂mWv io ]n. sI. inhi¶c∏n≈ ]dbp∂Xv. 46IrXnIƒ \ºymcp sSXp Xs∂bmbncn°msa∂v ]kn≤ KthjI\mb tUm.hn. Fkv. i¿Ωbpw A`n]m bs∏Sp∂p. Xp≈¬°YIfmbn Fgp]sXÆw\ºym¿ FgpXnbn´ps≠∂mWv kmln Xy]©m\\≥ kqNn∏n®n´p≈Xv.Xp≈epIfpsS kwJy Ipdbp∂XpsIm≠v \ºymcpsS ÿm\Ønt\m,IemkmlnXycwKßfn¬ At±lw A\pj vT n® n´ p≈ tkh\ßfpsSal\obXbvt°m Ipdhphcp∂n√. Xp≈¬°YIƒ IqSmsX a‰kwJywkmlnXyIrXnIfpsS I¿ØmhpIqSnbmWv Ip©≥\ºym¿ F∂ Imcyhpw \mwHm¿°Ww.\ºymcpsS IhnX

\ºymc psS IhnX XnI®pw tkmt±iyIambnc p∂p .c≠p ][m\e£yßfmWv At±lØn\p≠mbnc p∂X v . H∂ v ,km[mcW°m¿°pth≠n , Ah¿°p a\ nemhp∂hn[Øn¬, Ahscckn∏n°pIbpw Nncn∏n°pIbpw sNøp∂ coXnbn¬ FgpXpI. c≠v, ênX]c nlmkßtfmS p°qS n kma qlyhna¿i\w \SØn , Aßs\kapZmb]c nj vIcWw km[n°pI. Cu c≠v Dt±iyßƒ°pwA\pkrXambn´mWv At±lw Xs‚ `mjbpw ssienbpw h¿Æ\IfpwAe¶mc]tbmKßfpw ]mXNnXoIcWhpw a‰pw \SØnbn´p≈Xv. CuhkvXpX a\ nem°msX, \ºymcpsS IhnXsb hna¿in®n´p≈h¿ BP\IobalmIhntbmSp \oXnImńbnń√mØhcmWv.`mjmcoXn:

kwkvIrXtØmSp≈ A∂sØ ]finX]£]mXw kmam\yP\ßsfkw_‘n®v tZmjw sNøp∂XmsW∂pw, Ah¿°v cpNn°p∂Xpw Zln°p∂Xpwaebmf]Zßƒ kar≤ambp≈ aWn ]hmfamsW∂pw \ºym¿a\ nem°nbncp∂p.

“`SP\ßsS \Sphneps≈mcp]SbWn°nltNcphm≥

hSnhnbs∂mcp Nmcp tIcf˛`mjXs∂ NnXw hcq

ISp]sS°SpITn\kwkvIrX˛hnISISpIhn tIdnbm¬

`SP\ßƒ [cn°bn√Xncn°psams°bpta‰pS≥

`mjtbdn hcp∂ \√aWn]hmfaXmIntem

ZqjWw hcphm\pan√,hntij`qjWambvhcpw”

F∂v ‘k`m]thiw’ ]db≥Xp≈en¬ At±lw ]dbp∂p≠v. \ºymcpsS`mjbpsS Cºhpw emfnXyhpw kuµcyhpw h¿Æ\bv°p≈ NmXpcyhpwX∑bXzhpw At±lØns‚ GXp IrXnb nepw ImWmw . AX vsIm®pIp´ nIƒ°pw a pX n¿∂h¿°pw H∂pt]mse BÀmZw



]I¿∂psImS p°m≥ ]cym] vXamW v . Hc pZmlcWØn\ v‘IeymWkuK‘nI’Ønse Cu `mKw i≤n°pI.

kuK‘nI]pjv]w tXSnt∏mIp∂ òatk\≥ K‘amZ\]¿∆XØnep≈IZfoh\w ImWp∂ ImgvNbmWv

“iymafw \√ IZfoalmh\wtImafio]q¿Æamip I≠oSn\m≥]®°Zfn°peIƒ°nSbv°nsSsa®Øn¬ \∂mbv ]gpØ ]gßfpwD®Øneßs\ I≠m¬ ]hnghpw]®cXv\°√psam∂n®p tIm¿Øp≈ameIƒsIm≠p hnXm\n® Zns°∂pamtemIscms°bpw i¶n°pamdp≈eoemhnemtk\ \nev°p∂p hmgIƒ.\mep `mKßfn¬ XnßnhnßnØZm_mem\ne≥ h∂p X´p∂t\cØptImemlew \rØamSpw ZeßfpwBtemI\w sNbvXp hnkvabn®oSn\m≥ImemflPm\pP≥ hoc≥ hrtImZc≥.”

Cu `mKw hmbn®pt]mIptºmƒØs∂, kpµcamb B ]IrXn Zriyw \ΩpsSat\mapIcØn¬ KmVambn ]Xn™pIgnbpw. H∏w òatks‚ NnXhpw ]n∂oSXvHcn°epw am™pt]mIp∂Xpa√. Xp≈¬°mcs‚ apJØp\n∂ptIƒ°ptºmgmIs´, tImemle\rØw sNøp∂ Zeßsft∏mse, _meIΩm¿B\µw sIm≠p Xp≈n®mSpIbpw sNøpw. XpS¿∂p≈ ]Øp hcn C]-Im-c-amWv

“XmgØp`mKØp hoWpInS°p∂hmg∏gwsIm≠p aqSn aloXew]mg‰ ]´p hncn®IW°ns\hmgbv°pNp‰pw ]Imiaps≠t∏mgpwhmhepw Im°bpw ]®°nfnIfpw]mhpw ]cv¥pw ]d∂p\S°p∂]£nIƒ h∂n∏gpØ ]gßsf`£n°pamdn√ t]SnsIm≠mcptac£n®pt]mcp∂Xmco h\sa∂pkq£n®p t\m°nXpSßo hrtImZc≥”

efnXamb `mj , lrZyhpw kzm`mhnIhpamb h¿Æ\, ]mkwsIm≠pw ]ZßfpsSAt\ym\yap≈ tN¿®sIm≠pw hcpØnbn´p≈ i–`wKn F∂nh ChnsS ImWm-\m-hpw.ênX]cnlmkßƒ

ênXhpw ]cnlmkhpw sIm≠mWv \ºym¿ F√mØcw BfpItfbpwhioIcn°p∂Xv. Xp≈epIfnse PohssNX\yw Ahbnse ênX]cnlmkßfnemWv ÿnXnsNøp∂sX∂p ]dbWw. ]m›mXytZiØmWv \ºym¿h∂p ]nd∂ncp∂sX¶n¬ At±lw temIØnse lmkkmlnXyImc∑mcn¬H∂ma\mbnØocpambncp∂p. BwKekmlnXyØn¬ t]m∏v, kzn^vSv, ssUU≥XpSßnb Ihnhcy∑m¿°p≈ ÿm\amWv aebmfØn¬ \ºym¿°p≈Xv.Xp≈epIfn¬ ImWp∂Xpt]mse AX _lpeambpw kckambpw D≈ ênXwaebmfØnse∂√, at‰sX¶nepw `mjmkmlnXyßfn¬ Dt≠m F∂v kwibamWv.Cu enXhpw ]cnlmkhpw \ºym¿ kzmwioIcn®Xv NmIym¿IqØn¬ \n∂mImt\Xcap≈p. cN\bn¬ NºpI¿Øm°∑mtcmSpw \ºym¿ ISs∏ń´p≠v.

Xp≈¬IrXnIfn¬ ImWp∂ ênXØn\pw ]cnlmkØn\pw FXsbsXDZmlcWßƒ thWsa¶nepw D≤cn°m\mhpw.]Ws°mXnb\mb Hcphr≤_m“W≥ ]XnKlw tamln®v kXymkzbwhcØn\p _≤s∏´p t]mIp∂Xp\ºym¿ h¿Æn°p∂Xp C]-Im-c-amWv:



“Fgp]sØ´p hb p XnIs™mcpIngh_m“W\nX t]mIp∂p;sImSpshbn¬Xń®pÍj≠nbn˛semcp]nSns\√m¬ aecps]mcn°mw.”

FX hb mbmepw ]WtØmSp≈ sImXn XocmØ _m“Wsc \ºym¿\√Xpt]mse Ifnbm°p∂p≠v:

“apXphn]∑m¿ ]Wsat∂m¿Øm¬]pXphn]≥Xms\s∂mcp `mhwImin°∏pdsa¶nepans∂mcpImin\p hIbps≠∂m¬ a≠pw.”

_m“Wcn¬ \ºqXncnamscbpw ]´∑mscbpamWv \ºym¿ IqSpX¬]nSnIqSnbn´p≈Xv. Xpfp Fºm∑mscbpw sIm¶W_m“Wscbpw a‰pwAhnShnsSbmbn kv]¿in°p∂p≠p. tIcfØnse Hcp PmXnaX°mscbpw \ºym¿shdptXhnSp∂n√. \mb∑m¿, amcm∑m¿, hmcy∑m¿, tat\m∑m¿, ]Wn°c∑m¿,Xºpcm°∑m¿, \kmWnIƒ, tPm\I¿, sNńIƒ, ap°ph¿ aXembn F√mhn`mKßfnep≈hcpw Xp≈¬IrXnIfn¬ \ºymcpsS hna¿i\Øn\phnt[bcmIp∂p≠v. Ah cwKØp ]tbmKn°ptºmƒ B¿°pw IhntbmSp hntcm[wtXm∂p∂pan√. AXmWv \ºymcpsS hnPbw. Bscbpw a\x]q¿∆wBt£]n°Wsa∂v \ºym¿°p hnNmcan√. Dt±iip≤ntbmsSbmWv At±lØns‚]cnlmkw. HcnSØv At±lw ]dbp∂Xp t\m°q:

“HcpØ¿°pw eLpXzsØhcpØphm≥ tamlan√

HcpØ∂pw ]nbambn˛∏dhm\paw `mhan√

]cam¿∞w ]dbm, aSnbs∂mcp]c\nµmZnIƒ \mhnepan√.”

Cu lrZbip≤nbn√mbncp∂psh¶n¬ \ºym¿, P\ßfpsS tXmjØn\p ]IcwtcmjØn\p ]mXamtbs\.]cnkchna¿iw

A∂sØ tIcfØns‚bpw tIcfobPohnXØns‚bpw HcpbYm¿∞NnXamWv \ºymcpsS Xp≈epIfn¬ ImWp∂Xv. Xs‚ Np‰p]mSpw I≠kmaqlyhnIeXIsf hna¿in°m\pw ]cnlkn°m\pw ]pcmWIYIsf At±lwHcp D]m[nbmbn kzoIcns®t∂bp≈q. \ºym¿ IqSpX¬ Xmakn®ncp∂Aºe∏pgbnepw Xncph\¥]pcØpw A°meØp \S∂ncp∂ kw`hßfmWv Xs‚IrXnIfn¬ hnhcn°p∂Xv. ÿeImet`ZsØ∏‰ntbm, IYm]mXßfpsShen∏s®dp∏sØ∏‰n tbm H∂pw \ºym¿°v bmsXmcp hnthN\hpan√. F√mtZißfpw At±lØns‚ Zr„nbn¬ H∂pt]msebmWv; F√mhcpw ka∑mcpamWv.Xm≥ aq∂ma\mbn AI∂p \n∂psIm≠v, F√mhcptSbpw Ip‰ßfpw IpdhpIfpwNq≠n°mWn°pIbpw, Ahbvs°Xnsc ]cnlmkicw sXmSpØphnSpIbpwsNøp∂XnemWv At±lØn\v D’mlw. AXp Ipdn°psIm≈pIbpw sNøpw.]e kµ¿`ßfnembn At±lsagp Xnbn´p≈ Nne CucSnIƒ i≤n°pI:

“I≈pIpSn°pw \mb∑mcpsS]≈bv°n´p sImSp°W I≠p.”“Fºm\∏w I´p`pPn®m¬AºehmknIsfms°°°pw.”“\nt∂mXnt°m≥ ap≈pt∂cwDÆnIƒ actado´pw ap≈pw.”“InńbsXm∂pw aXnbmhn√m]´∑m¿°Xp t_m[nt°Ww.”



“A®n°p Zmky]hrØnsNøp∂h≥sIm®n°p t]mbßp sXm∏nbnóSWw.”“c≠p IfXsØbp≠m°nshbv°p∂X≠pX∏n°p kpJans√mcn°epw.”

Cu hcnIƒ Xp≈¬°mc≥ IfnØń¬ Ibdn \rØw sNbvXpsIm≠p]mSptºmƒ AXp ImWpIbpw tIƒ°pIbpw sNbvXncp∂ A∂sØ aZy]∑mcmb\mb∑mcptSbpw, A∏w tam„n°p∂ Fºm∑mcpsSbpw, \n∂psIm≠paqXsamgn°p∂ HmXn°∑mcpsSbpw, AanXem`w sImXn°p∂ ]´∑mcpsSbpw,s]¨tIm¥∑mcmb ]`p°∑mcpsSbpw, _lp`mcymktaXcmb cmPm°∑mcpsSbpwapJØv DZn®ncp∂ `mht`Zßƒ H∂qln®pt\m°pI.

I≈sØmgnepw Im]SyhpwsIm≠v P\ßsf I_fn∏n®pt]m∂ncp∂ Iq´tcbpwapJw t\m°msX, \ºym¿ \ninXambn hna¿in°p∂p. apdnsshZy∑m¿, Zp¿Ω¥hmZnIƒ, AhnZKv≤cmb tPymXnj°m¿, B´°m¿, taf°m¿, ]m´pIm¿, IhnIƒ,A`ymknIƒ, ]mNI°m¿, sN∏SnhnZy°m¿, `rXy∑m¿, ZqX∑m¿, k∂ymknam¿,I®hS°m¿, \mbm´pIm¿, ]´mf°m¿, thiymkvXoIƒ F∂nßs\ F√mØcwsXmgn¬°mscbpw AhcpsS ]hrØnIsfbpw \ºym¿ kqjva\nco£Ww sNbvXvXs‚ \ncq]WhebØn¬ sIm≠phcp∂p≠v. AXpsIm≠p km[n®ncp∂kmaqly]cnjvIcWw Ipds®m∂pa√. NcnX]cambn Ahbv°p≈ ]m[m\yhpwH´pw Ipdh√.

]pcmWIY \ºym¿ h¿Æn°ptºmƒ, XßfpsS IYXs∂bmWt√m ]dbp∂XvF∂v tIcfP\Xbv°v tXm∂n. Cu XmZmflyw Ahsc AXy[nIw ckn∏n®p;BI¿jn®p; ]nSn®ncpØn Nn¥n∏n®p. Zpxkz`mhßfpw sIm≈cpXmbvaIfpwC\nsb¶nepw ]cnXyPn°Wsa∂v B¥cm t]cn∏n®p. CXmWv IhnXbn¬°qSn\ºym¿ sNbvX G‰hpw henb kmaqlnI tkh\w.]gs©m√pIfpw temtIm‡nIfpw

\ºym¿ A∂p IhnXbn¬°qSn ]tbmKn® ]gs©m√pIfpwtemtIm‡nIfpw C∂pw tIcfoblrZbßen¬ ]Xn™pInS°p∂p.

“I\Iwaqew Iman\naqewIelw ]ehn[apeIn¬ kpe`w.”

“Zp„p InSs° hc´pw hWaXps]m´pw ]ns∂bpsamcp kabØn¬.”

“]Wsa∂p≈Xp ssIbn¬ hcptºmƒKpWsa∂p≈Xp ZqcØmIpw.”“]Whpw KpWhpw IqSnbncn∏m≥]Wnsb∂p≈Xp t_m[nt°Ww.”

“hońeps≠¶n¬ hncp∂ptNmdpw In´pwDuńepw In´m ZcnZs\t∂m¿°Ww.”

“s\√pw ]Wßfpaps≠∂psh®n´pI√nepw ]p√nepw XqInØpSsßmem.”“KXnsI´m¬ ]pen ]p√pw Xn∂pw.”

“X´pw sIm´pw sN¨bv°tXIn´pw ]WaXp amcm∑m¿°pw.”



“Bim\£csam∂p ]ng®m¬AºsØm∂p ]ngbv°pw injy\v.”

Cßs\ BibØn¬, `mjmcoXnbn¬, h¿Æ\bn¬, IYm]Xn]mZ\Øn¬,]IrXn\nco£WØn¬, PohnXhna¿i\Øn¬ F∂pth≠m F√m Imcyßfnepwhy‡amsbmcp e£ysØ ˛ kmaqly]ptcmKXnsb ˛ ap≥\ndpØn IhnXsbgpXnbIp©\v, Xm≥ kzoIcn® F√m D]m[nIfpw G‰hpw X∑bambn, \qX\ambn,hnπhmflIambn, lmkyabambn ImWm\pw NnXoIcn°m\pw Ign™p. AXmWvAt±lØns‚ alØmb hnPbw.Xp≈¬]ÿm\w C∂v

Xm≥ t\XrXzw sImSpØ \qX\IebpsS ]NmcWØn\mbn \ºym¿ Ht´sd]cnian®n´p≠v. XXvêambn A°meØv At\Iw Xp≈¬°fcnIfpwIemImc∑mcpap≠mbn. \qdp\q‰≥]Xp sIm√°mew Xp≈¬ ]ÿm\w tIcfØn¬kPohambn \ne\n∂p. ]n∂oSp ]e ImcWßfmepw AXn\p aßteev°m≥XpSßn. ASpØImeØv Xp≈en\v tIcfw apgph≥ ]Nmcw t\Sns°mSpØ Hcp∂XIemImc\mbncp∂p ae_m¿ cma≥\mb¿. AXbpw _lpP\kΩXn ]n∂oSvB¿°pw e`n®nń√. F¶nepw Nnd°Shp am[h≥ \mb¿, XehSn ]fl\m`≥ \mb¿apXemb Xp≈¬ hnZKv≤∑m¿ B Iebnepw A≤ym]\Ønepw ]Kev`cmbncp∂p.tIcfØnehnShnsSbmbn tIƒhntI´ Nne Xp≈¬°emImc∑m¿ Ct∏mgpap≠v.a‰p ]e ¢m n°v IeItfbpwt]mse Xs∂ Xp≈epw AXns‚ \nehmcØn¬ ˛KptWmXvI¿jØn¬ ˛ A\pZn\w A[x]Xn®phcnIbmWv.Xp≈¬ aq∂phn[w:

Xp≈¬°YIƒ Hm´≥, ioX¶≥, ]db≥ F∂nßs\ aq∂phn[ap≠v.thjhn[m\tØbpw hrØsshhn≤ytØbpw Bkv]Zam°nbmWv Cu hn`P\w.]Xn™ań¬ ]mtS≠XmWv ]db≥ Xp≈¬. AXnt\°mƒ apdpIn ioX¶≥Xp≈epw, AXnepa[nIw thKØn¬ Hm´≥Xp≈epw ]mtS≠Xp≠v.IeymWkuK‘nIw IYbpw \ºymcpsS at\m[¿Ωßfpw:

alm`mcXw BcWy]¿∆Øn¬ 146 apX¬ 155 hscbp≈ ]Ø≤ymbßfn¬hnhcn®n´p≈ ‘kuK‘nIlcW’amWv \ºym¿ Xs‚ Xp≈ens‚ CXnhrØambnkzoIcn®n´p≈Xv. hfsc ]kn≤amb Hcp CXnlmkIYbmWnXv. FgpØ—≥alm`mcXw X¿÷abn¬ Cu IYsb tIhew \mev]Xp hcnIfnembnNpcp°n∏nd™ncn°p∂p. sNdpt»cn`mcXØnepw Cu IY kckambn]Xn]mZn°p∂p≠v. tIm´bØpXºpcms‚ ‘IeymWkuK‘nIw’ B´°Ybv°vtIcfsam´msI ]Nmcap≈XmWv; kmlnXyKpWhpap≠v. Cßs\kmlnXycwKØpw IemcwKØpw At\Iw IhnIfptSbpw Iem]WbnIfptSbpwkamZckzoIcW ßƒ°v ]mXamb ˛ \mSIobX \nd™pXpfpºp∂ ˛ Hcphnin„IYbmWv ‘IeymWkuK‘nIw’.

]mfih∑m¿ h\Øn¬ Xmakn°p∂ Imew. Hcn°¬, Im‰n¬ ]d∂phoWat\mlcamb Hcp ]pjv]w ]m©men°p Inń. AXpt]mse Iptd ]q°ƒ e`n®m¬sIm≈msa∂p≈ Xs‚ BKlw Ahƒ òat\mSp ]d™p. ]nbXabpsS hm°ptIƒ°mØ Xmakw, òa≥ ]q°ƒ tXSn ]pds∏´p. kuK‘nIs∏mbvIbnemWvAh hncn™p\nev°p∂Xv. Zp¿§aßfmb h\ßfn¬°qSnbmWv òas‚ bmX.hgnbn¬ I≠ Img vNIfpw At±lsØ BI¿jn®p. CSbv°p≈IZfoh\ØnseØn. AhnsSbmWv l\qams‚ hmkw. Xs‚ A\pPs‚ hchpI≠v D≈n¬ kt¥mjn®psh¶nepw, B kmlknIXsb H∂p ]co£n°pIbpw]n∂oSp am¿t§m]tZiw sNøpIbpw thWsa∂p \n›bn®v, l\qam≥ hm¿≤IyhpwAhiXbpw \Sn®v hgnbn¬ sN∂p InS∂p. hgn amdnsImSp°phm≥ òa≥B⁄mcq]Øn¬ Bhiys∏ń´pw hr≤hm\c≥ ANn\p Xømdmbn√. hgn



Hgt™m, ad nISt∂m , hmeps]m°nam‰ nsht®m t]mhpItb\nhrØnbp≈psh∂pw , hm¿≤IyØmep≈ AhiXsIm≠p X\n° vFgpt∂¬°m≥t]mepw hsø∂pw l\pam≥ ]d™p. òa≥ t\cmb am¿§whn´p \S°p∂h\√. Xs‚ bpKm¥ctPjvT\mb l\pams\ hnNmcn°ptºmƒ,B h¿§Øn¬s∏´ Hcphs\ adnIS°m\pw km≤ya√. AXn\m¬ aq∂masØ\n¿t±iwXs∂ kzoIcn°msa∂p IcpXn, òa≥ KZsIm≠v l\pams‚hmepb¿Øm≥ ian®p. hmept]mbn´v Hcp tcmaw t]mepw A\ßnbn√. òa≥]cn`m¥\pw e÷nX\pw kwibKkvX\pambn. hm\cs‚ bmYm¿∞ywBcm™t∏mgmWv B Ing´p Ipcß≥ Xs‚ tPyjvT≥ Xs∂bmsW∂pa\ nembXv. òas‚ Bfl]iwkbpw Hu≤Xyhpsa√mw t]mbn, ]Icwhn\bhpw `‡nbpw _lpam\hpw ssIh∂p. l\pams‚ D]tZim\pkcWwB hoc≥ kuK‘nIs∏mbvIbn¬ sN∂v, t]mcn\v h∂ cmXkscsb√mwPbn®v, ]pjv]ßsf√mw tiJcn®v ]m©meokhn[Øn¬ Xncns®Øn. CXmWvIYbpsS Npcp°w.

Cu IYsb Bkv]Zam°n ZriyImhycq]Ønepw ihyImhycq]ØnepwAt\Iw IrXnIƒ \n¿ΩnXßfmbn´p≠v. aqeØn¬\n∂v Aev]kzev]whyXymkw hcpØnbn´mWv Hmtcm KŸImc\pw Xs‚ IrXn cNn®n´p≈Xv.\ºym¿ X\n°p a pºp≠mbn´ p≈ a n° kmlnXyIrXnIfpw ˛aebmfØnsebpw kwkvIrXØnsebpw ˛ hmbn®ncn°Ww. hymk`mcXw,FgpØ—s‚ `mcXw, sNdpt»cn`mcXw, ‘IeymWkuK‘nIw’ hymtbmKwapXemb IrXnIfn¬ \n∂v ]e IYmwißfpw \ºym¿ kzoIcn°p∂p≠v.F∂n´ v Xt‚Xmb ho£WØn\pw e£yØn\pw ImhymZ¿iØn\pwA\pkrXambn Ahbv°v cq]t`Zw hcpØnbncn°bmWv. IYm]Xn]mZ\w,h¿Æ\w, ]mXkr„n, A¥co£kr„n, kw`mjW\n_‘\w apXemb F√mImcyßfnepw \ºymcpsS hy‡nXzw ]Xnên®pImWmw.

t]£Icmb km[mcW°msc ckn∏n°pIbpw Nncn∏n°pIbpw sNøp∂coXnbnemWv \ºym¿, IYbnse Hmtcm L´hpw h¿Æn®pt]mIp∂Xv .CXn\pth≠n aqeIYbn√mØ ]e kwKXnIfpw At±lw Iqńt®¿°p∂p.Xs‚ bp‡n°pw `mh\bv°pw kckXbv°pw tbmPn®hn[Øn¬ Ahsbhnhcn°pw. ‘IeymWkuK‘nI’Ønse h\h¿Æ\, Im´mfcmP\pw Iqćpw\SØp∂ \mbmńs‚ h¿Æ\, K‘¿∆kpµcnamcpw ]∂KkvXoIfpwA]vkc pIfpw tZhkvXoIfpw hnZym[cnIfpw NmcWkvXoIfpw a‰pw\SØp∂ \rØ kwKoXmZnhnt\mZßfpsS h¿Æ\, K‘amZ\]¿∆Xh¿Æ\,IZfoh\h¿Æ\, kuK‘nIs∏mbvIbpsS h¿Æ\ F∂nh \ºymcpsS`mh\mhnemkØn\v H∂m¥cw D±mlcWßfmWv . Imń¬ ImWp∂\m\mXcw hr£eXmZnIƒ, ]£narKmZnIƒ, PeP¥p°ƒ, tNtXmlcßfmb]ehn[w ImgvNIƒ Chsb√mw Hcp \√ Ne®nXØns‚ ]XoXn P\n°pamdv\ΩpsS a\ n¬ ]Xnbp∂p. hy‡nIfpsS NnXßfpw H´pw Ipdh√.]m©men, òa≥, l\pam≥ XpSßnb ]pcmW IYm]mXßƒ apX¬ th´°m¿,Imh¬°m¿ apXembn kaqlØns‚ Xmtg°nSbnep≈h¿ hsc Cu IYbn¬ÿew]nSn°p∂p. \ºymcpsS Zr„nbn¬s∏Sp∂hcmbn, C\nbpap≠v Bƒ°m¿.

“Imcnb°mcp≠p, tat\m°b®\p˛≠mcnb∏ć®∑m¿ ]ecp≠vtImbnΩamcp≠Sp°f°mcp≠ve¥°pg¬°m¿ ]Xns\´p]p≈nbp˛≠¥an√nt∏mgfIm]pcnX∂n¬A¥W∑mcpw ]`p°fpw `rXycpwN¥tadoSpw ]Wn°c®∑mcpw”



F√mw B ]ńIbn¬s∏Spw. F√mhtcbpw ]cnlmkØn¬ s]mXn™mWv\ºym¿ AhXcn∏n°p∂sXt∂bp≈p. AXn\p am‰pIq´m≥ ênXhp≠v.

kaqlØn¬ Al¶mcnIfpw Bfl]iwk sNøp∂hcpw kvXoPnXcpwBb h¶]`p°sf IW°n\p Ifnbm°Wsa∂p≈XmWv \ºymcpsS Dt±iyw.AXn\p òas\ Hcp]m[nbm°pIbmWv. ‘kXzcml¶mcKwòc]pcpj≥’ ,‘ImemflPm\pP≥ hoc≥ hrtImZc≥’ Fs∂√mw D≈ hntijWßƒ òa\psImSp°p∂ps≠¶nepw, Abmƒ, “s]Æns‚ sNm¬tI´p NmSn∏pds∏´s]mÆ”\pw ‘almt`mj’\pw ‘almPf’\pw BsW∂p tXm∂Ø°hÆw NneKqVm¿∞]tbmKßfpw \ºym¿ \SØp∂p.

“]qcqhwiØn¬ ]nd∂p hf¿s∂mcp]qcpjtijvT≥ hrtImZcs\s∂mcphocs\t°´dnhnt√ \n\s°tSm?[oc\mat±lant±ltam¿° \o”

F∂p òa≥ hr≤hm\ct\mSp ]dbptºmƒ, AbmfpsS AXncpIhn™Al¥bpw h¶Øhpw Xs∂bmWv shfns∏Sp∂Xv. Xs‚ hoc]cmIaIYIsf Hmtcm∂mbn òa≥ FSpØp]dbptºmƒ AbmfpsS Bfl]iwkAXns‚ ]ctImSnbn¬ FØp∂p. òas‚ Cu hI Zp¿hmk\IsfASn®a¿Ø°hÆamWv l\pams‚ adp]Sn. Hcp ]cnlmk®ncntbmsSbmWvaqØIpcßs‚ XpS°w Xs∂:

“]m©mensbs∂mcp s]Æns\°≠n´p]©_mWm¿Øn ]nSns]´tlm \nß˛f©pt]cpw sN∂p ssI°p]nSn®psIm˛≠©msX thfnIgns®∂p tI´p Rm≥”

F∂ hcnIf n¬ ]mfihsc AS®mtj]n°p∂p . ]m©mentbbpwshdpsXhnSp∂n√:

“As©¶ne©pw IWs°∂hƒs°mcpNm©eyhpan√ sX√pt]mepw, \nß˛f©pP\sØbpw Iäp\Ø√n\m¬h©n∏Xn∂hƒt]mcpw hrtImZcm\me©p `¿ØmshmcpØn°pXm\Xp\mepPmXn°pw hn[n®Xt√m¿°Ww.”

FX a q¿®bp≈ ]c nlmkhmI vicßƒ! ]m©menbpsSImtam∑mZsØbpw `¿Øm°∑msc hioIcn°m\p≈ kma¿∞ysØbpwhyRvPn∏n°p∂tXmsSm∏w ]mfih¿ s]¨tIm¥∑mcmsW∂p≈ kqN\bpwCu hcnIfn¬ ImWmw. ]mWnKlWw sNbvX s]Æns\ ]pe¿Ømt\m]men°mt\m D≈ ]mShw t]mepw ]mfih¿°ns√∂mWv hm\cs‚XpS¿∂p≈ ]cnlmkw. AXv,

“Zp»mk\≥ ]≠p Zptcym[t\m‡amwZp»mk\w sIm≠p a≠nh∂ßns\A©pt]¿ \nßfpw I≠p\nevs°Øs∂]m©mensbs®∂Sn®p, XeapSnNp‰n∏nSn®p hen®ng®ßs\ap‰pw almP\w t\m°n\n¬°pwhn[uap‰Øp sIm≠z∂p XmUn®pNmUn®psXs‰∂pSpØ ]pSh hen®gn˛®‰an√mXp≈]cm[hpwsNbvXpIÆpwangn®ßp I≠p\n∂oSn\s]mÆØSnb\mw \ns‚ ]cmIawImin°p t]mtbm, IYn°, hrtImZcm.”



F∂nStØmfamhptºmƒ AXns‚ aq¿≤\yØn¬ FØp∂p. ‘CXtØmfwthtWm, ]cnlmkw?’ F∂p klrZb¿°p tXm∂mw. F∂m¬ \ºymcpsSkz`mhamWnsX∂p hnNmcn®m¬ aXn. AX\pkcn®mWv At±lØns‚ cN\.

òal\paXvkwhmZØn¬ Akmam\yamb IemNmXpcnbpw \mSIobXbpw\ap°p Z¿in°mw . B L´Øn¬ ênX]cnlmkßƒ Aßs\tImcns®mcnbpIbmWv. F¶nepw Ahbvs°√mw \√ bp‡n`ZXbpw ASp°pwkzm`mhnIXbp ap≠v.

h¶]`p°∑mcpsS ]Xn\n[nbmbn òas\ AhXcn∏n°p∂psh¶nepw, BCXnlmkIYm]mXØns‚ icn°p≈ Kmwòcyhpw hocyhpw ]cmIaßfpwAXpeyamb `pP_ehpw AanXamb ]Xv\okvt\lhpw Kpcp`‡nbpw F√mw\ºym¿ \√Xpt]mse a\ nem°nbn´ p≈h\msW∂v At±lØns‚h¿Æ\IƒXs∂ km£yw hln°pw.

‘K‘Zzn]]uVaµk©mcnWn’bmb ]m©men, kuµcyØn¬ amXa√,hmIvNmXpcyØnepw AZznXobbmWv. kuK‘nIw sIm≠ph∂pXcWsa∂vAhƒ òat\mS v At]£n°ptºmƒ ]ISn∏n°p∂ \bhpw hn\bhpwa\imkvX]cn⁄m\hpw _p≤nIuiehpw A¤pXmhlwXs∂.

l\pams‚ AXnc pIS∂ ]c nlmkhm°pIƒ, bpK ]`mh\pwNncRvPohnbpw iocma`‡\pw hoc]cmIanbpamb B almflmhns‚KmwòcyØn\pw alXzØn\pw Aev]w aßteev]n°p∂p≠v. F∂m¬\ºymcpsS Imthymt±iyhpw IhnXmcoXnbpw ]cnKWn°ptºmƒ BIYv]mXsØs°m≠p ]dbn® hm°pIƒ £¥hyßfmWv. Xs∂ AXy¥w`‡n _lpam\ßtfmsS kvacn® A\pPt\mSp Im´p∂ kvt\l hm’eyßƒl\qams‚ `mXrkvt\lØn\v DØa \nZ¿i\amWv. Xs‚ icnbmb cq]w]ISn∏n°ptºmƒ B hm\choc≥ XnI®pw ]uV\pw Kmwòcyhmcm∂n[nbpwBbnØs∂ ImWs∏Sp∂p . cmambWIY l\qams\s°m≠pNpcp°n∏dbn°p∂nSØv \ºym¿ Ahew_n°p∂ HuNnXyw FXbpwkvXpXy¿lamWv. IYbnse a¿Ω`mKßsfm∂pw At±lw ssIhnSp∂n√êipXnt]mepw ]d™nt´ AXhkm\n∏n°p∂p≈pXm\pw. Cßs\][m\IYbpsSIqsS Kuchap≈Xpw C√mØXpamb At\Iw D]IYIƒkµ¿`m\pkcWw XncpIn°bc vc p∂Xn¬ \ºym¿°p≈ hncpX v H∂p]tXyIamWv. th´bv°p t]mIp∂ Im´mf∏cnjIfpw kuK‘nIt]s]mbvIkwc£n°p∂ Imh¬°mcpw ]dbp∂ A\p`hIYIfmWv ChnsSKuchan√mØ IYIsf∂p hnh£n°p∂Xv.

IYm]m XßfpsS D®\oNt`Zhpw tkh`mhhyXymkhpwA\pkcn®pXs∂ Ahscs°m≠p kw`mjWw sNøn°p∂Xn¬ \ºym¿AXoh \njvI¿jn®n´p≠v. ]m©men, òa≥, l\qam≥, Im´mfcmP≥,\mbmSn∏cnjIƒ, Imh¬°m¿ apXembhcpsS kw`mjWw k≤n®m¬ CuhkvXpX t_m≤yamhpw.IYbpsS \nXy\qX\Xzw

hfsc ]g°w sN∂ Hcp IYbv°v ]pXnsbmcp cq]hpw `mhhpw Iev]n®v,Xs‚ kaImeo\cmb klrZbcpsS kmlnXym`ncpNntbbpw Iem`ncpNntbbpwXr]vXns∏SpØpIbmWv \ºym¿ sNbvXXv . IeymWkuK‘nIw IY\ho\IhnItfbpw lTmZmI¿jn®n´p≠v . hbem¿ cmah¿Ω CXns\]XoImflIambn AhXcn∏n°p∂p. IeymWkuK‘nIw F∂pXs∂bmWvB IhnXbpsS t]cv. ]ptcmKXnsb em°m°n, kIe ]Xn_‘ßtfbpwXńXI¿Øp apt∂dm≥ ian°p∂ kmlknI\pw D≤X\pamb B[p\nIa\pjys\ KXIme kwkvImcØns‚ alnasb A\pkvacn®n´v, AXns\AhKWn°msX˛ A\mZcn°msX ˛ ]XypX, AXn¬\n∂p i‡nbpwssNX\yhpw Dƒs°m≠v ˛ ]bmWw sNbvXmte Imcyambn Fs¥¶nepwt\Sm\mhpIbp≈q F∂ ]caamb kXyw DZvt_m[n∏n°pbmWv hbem¿.



K¿∆njvT\mb òa\pw, ]Xv\nsb ]oWn∏n°m≥ th≠n Abmƒ \SØp∂kmlknIbmXbpw, am¿§wt≤y ]Xy£s∏Sp∂ hr≤\pw ]IzaXnbpwalm_ehm\pamb l\qam\psa√mw Cu kXyw A\mhcWw sNøphm\p≈DØa ]XoIßfmbn h¿Øn°p∂p. ck]Xn]mZ\w

\ºymcpsS Xp≈epIfnse ÿmbnbmb ckw lmkyw Xs∂. F∂m¬CXcckßtfbpw `mhßtfbpw `wKnbmbn BhnjvIcn°m¬ At±lØn\pIgnhn√∂p ]d™pIqSm. hochpw `‡nbpamWv Ahbn¬ ap∂n´p\nev°p∂Xv.IeymWkuK‘nIØn¬ òas\ Bibn®v hocw, iywJmcw, cuZw, `‡nF∂nh kµ¿`m\pkcWw D÷zeambn ]Imin°p∂p. A¤pXw, `bm\Iw,_o`’w F∂o ckßƒ°pw Cu IYbn¬ ÿm\ap≠v. lmkyØns‚AXn]kcw sIm≠mhmw IcpWØn\v \ºymcpsS Xp≈epIfn¬ th≠Xangnhp e`n®nń√. hrØßƒ

Hm´≥, ioX¶≥, ]db≥ F∂v Xp≈¬ aq∂p hn[\ps≠∂p ]d™t√m.Ahbn¬ ioX¶≥ F∂ hn`mKØn¬s∏Sp∂XmWv IeymWkuK‘nIw.CXn¬ h‡w, ImIfn, A\pPKcKa\w, Iria[y, A¿≤tII, ]cykvXIm©nXpSßnb hrØßƒ ]tbmKn®nc n°p∂p . Xm≥ hn`mh\w sNb vX\qX\IebpsS ]IS\Øn\v bp‡sa∂p tXm∂nb hrØßsf√mw \ºym¿kzIrXnIf n¬ ]tbmKn°p∂p≠v . Ahbn¬ ]eXpw A°meØp]Npc]NmcØnencp∂ \mtSmSnKm\coXn IfpsS ]cnjvIrXcq]ßfmWv.(I-S-∏m-Sv˛Aºe∏pg cmah¿Ω,Bap-J-]-T\w: Ieym-W-ku-K-‘n-Iw)

IptN-e-hrØw h©n-∏m´vh©nIfn As√¶n¬ h≈wIfn XncphnXmIqdnse \mb∑mcpsS Hcp

h nt\mZhpw BÀmZ ]Npcamb Hc p hymbmahpw BIp∂p . henbPemibßƒ°p kao]w ÿnXn sNøp∂ Nne tZhmebßfn¬ h≈wIfnHcp D’hmtLmjambpw \SØn hcp∂p≠v. hnkvXrXßfmb XSmIßfmepwcaWobßfmb \ZnIfmepw k¿∆X hymIo¿Æamb Hcp tZiØv Cuhnt\mZØn\v CX ]p„nbpw ]Nmchpw kn≤n®Xn¬ B›cys∏tS≠Imcyan√. Cu Ifn°m¿°v ]mSp∂Xn\mbn D≠m°nbn´p≈ Km\Imhyßƒ°vh©n∏m´ pIsf∂pw h≈∏m´ pIsf∂pw t]¿ ]dbp∂p . Ct∏mƒAdnhn¬s∏ń´p≈ h©n∏m´pIfn¬sh®v DØaambn´p≈Xv IptN-e-hØwh©n-∏m-´m-Wv.

KmVmhtemI\w Bhiys∏SmsX ]YaZr„nbn¬Øs∂ alØmb[¿tΩm]tZiw sNøp∂ Hc p ]pcmWIYbmWv IptNehrØw.temIkwc£WØn\mbn a\pjyc qt]W AhXo¿Æ\pw Xs‚AXnam\pjIrXyßsfs°m≠v _meyØn¬ Xs∂ temIsØhnk vab`c nXam°nØn¿Øh\pamb ioIrj vW≥ Iwkh[m\¥cwhnZym`ymkØn\mbn kmµo]\nbpsS ASp°¬ sN√p∂p. A]kn≤\mb Hcp_m“W _me≥ AhnsSh®v `Khms‚ kXo¿∞yXbv°pw kvt\lØn\pw]mXo`hn °p∂p . hnZym`ymkm\¥cw Ch¿ ]nc nbpIbpw ]n∂oS vAt\ym\yZ¿i\Øn\pt]mepw CSbmImsX At\Ih¿jßƒ IgnbpIbpwsNøp∂p. CXn\nSbn¬ `Khm≥ Kuchtadnb AhXmcImcyßsf F√mwsNbvXv Xo¿Øv, ZzmcIbnse cmPmhmbn´pw `mcXh¿jØn¬ k¿∆YmGI]pcpj\mbn´pw C—mbØamb sFizcyØns‚ aq¿≤\ysØ A\p`hn®v,ZzmcIbn¬ kpJhmkw sNøp∂p. Cu kµ¿`Øn¬ ‘kptN„nXw sIm≠pPK¬]kn≤≥ ’ F∂ sa®w amXap≈h\pw ZcnZintcmaWnbpw BbkXo¿∞y≥ `mcybpsS \n¿_‘Øm¬ h√Xpw bmNn°m\mbn `Khms‚ASp°¬ h∂ptNcp∂p. ‘]m`hapt≈msc ]mIrX≥ ImWptºmƒ ]m`rXw



thW’sa∂p≠v, F∂p≈ \ymbsØ A\pkcn®v Ct±lw Hcp IodØpWnbn¬Ipsd Ahepw s]mXn™psIńs°m≠p h∂n´p≠v. F¶nepw C]Imcap≈Xs‚ kXo¿∞ys\ PK¬Kpc phmb `Khm≥ FXntc¬°p∂Xpw]qPn°p∂Xpw aen\hkvXØn¬ k©nXamb Ah¬ `£n®v A`qX]q¿∆ambkwXr]vXnsb A\p`hn°p∂Xpw HSphn¬ ZcnZ\mb Xs‚ kvt\lnX\vsFizcy kºØns\ ]Zm\w sNøp∂Xpw, hnc‡\pw tam£m¿∞nbpambB _m“W≥ Bhiys∏´ n´√ , ] ns∂tbm ÿmt\m¬°¿jw ,sFizcyt[mcWnapXemb Xp—kwKXnIsf Ahew_n®√ ÿnchpw\¿∆mNyhpamb kvt\lw ÿnXn sNøp∂sX∂p≈ A\LXXzsØtemIßƒ°v D]tZin°m≥ amXamIp∂p. Zcn Z\mb kXo¿∞y\pwA¿∞mt]£nbpamb tZmWs\ Aham\n® Zp]Zs‚ NcnXtØmSptN¿Øp-h®v BtemNn°ptºmƒ Cu IY FX kmcamb D]tZisØbmWv\¬Ip∂Xv!

Cu Km\IrXnbpsS Ihn a o\®n¬ Xmeq°n¬ cma]pcw F∂Zn°nep≠mbncp∂ Hcp hmcycmWv ˛ Ct±lsØ Ct∏mgpw cma]pcØp hmcy¿F∂pXs∂ ]d™phcp∂p. Ct±lw hfsc hnZzm\pw F∂m¬ hfschnZzm∑msct∏mse hnZybm¬ AewIrXs\¶nepw ZmcnZØm¬ ]oUnX\pwBbncp∂pshtX. Ct±lw Cu h©n∏m´p≠m°nbXns\∏‰n aebmf`mjmNcnXØn¬ C]Imcw ]d™ncn°p∂p.

“Im¿ØnIXncp\mƒ almcmPmhv 945˛¬ hSt°m´v Fgp∂≈nbncp∂kabw ssh°Øv Aev]Znhkw Fgp∂≈n Xmakn®p. Cu h¿Øam\whmcycpsS injy∑mcdn™v Hcp hn[Øn¬ hmcysc ]d™pkΩXn∏n®v]Øpt«mIßfp ≠m°n®psIm≠v ssh°tØ°p sIm≠pt]mIpIbpw AhnsSASnbd shbv]n°pIbpw sNbvXp. Bƒ Ipsd tbmKy\pw hnZzm\pamsW∂valmcmPmhv t«mIßƒ I≠p \n›bn®v `£Ww sImSp°∂Xn\v N´wsIń,X nc nsb Fgp∂≈p∂ kabw hmcyc v IShn¬ lmPcp≠mbnc p∂p .t_mń¬°qSn Ibdp∂Xfn\p Iev]n°pIbpw hmcy¿ AXn¬ IbdpIbpwsNbvXp. A\¥cw Hcp h≈∏m´p≠m°n ]mSp∂Xn\v Xncpa\ n¬ \n∂pwIev]n®p. X¬£Ww th≠XmIbm¬ hmcy¿ Aev]w £oWn®p. F¶nepw]ca`‡\mIbm¬ s]cpwXrt°mhne∏s\ [ym\n®psIm≠v IptNehrØwh≈∏m´mbn´v Bcw`n®p ]mSnØpSßn. Xncph\¥]pcsØgp∂≈bXpw IYAhkm\n®Xpw icnbnńcp∂p.”

`mjmNc n XI¿Ømhns‚ Cu D]\ymksØ \n¿∆mZambnAwKoIcn°mtam F∂p hfsc kwibnt°≠nbncn°p∂p. GXmbmepwXncphXmIq¿ almcmPmhns‚ Xncphp≈sØ Xm≥ A`nejn®ncp∂ ImeØvAhnSpsØ Iev]\ A\pkcn®v Cu Imhyw \n¿Ωn®XmsW∂p IhnXs∂]d™nc n°p∂Xn\m¬ AXns‚ bmYm¿∞ysØ∏‰n bmsXm∂pwkwibnt°≠Xn√. Cu kwKXnsb ASnÿm\s∏SpØn , ]gbNºpImc∑msct∏mse, Hcp D]amcq]Øn¬ Ihn Xs‚ IYmhnjbsØAhXcn∏n®ncn°p∂p.IYmhnjbsØ kqNn∏n°amXw sNbvXn´ v , Ihnam¿Ømfih¿Ω almcmPmhns‚ A]Zm\ßsfbpw kym\µpc\KcØns‚inev]sshNnXsØbpw h¿Æn°p∂p. Cu c≠p kwKXnIfpw A°mesØP\ß fpsS at\mhrØnsb KmVambn hioIcn®ncp∂ncn°Ww. tIhewsNdp ]mbØn¬, B`y¥cIelßfm¬ Ahk∂amb Hc p sNd nbcmPyØns‚ A[n]\mbnØo¿∂ B cmPknwl≥, D’mlw, ]`pX, a¥wCu aq∂p i‡nIsf hnthI]q¿∆w hn\ntbmKn®Xn\m¬ ‘kzmantZmlnIsShwihnt—Zw hcpØn ’ , kzcmPyØn¬ ÿnXnsb Dd∏n®XpIqSmsX,‘kzmanXa∂h∑msc Zhn∏n®v’ CXc cmPyßsf \njv]bmkw IogS°nC∂sØ XncphnXmwIq¿ cmPysØ ]XnjvTm]n°bpw sNbvXp.A\¥cwio]fl\m`]XnjvT, ZZo]]XnjvT apXemb ]pWyI¿Ω ßsfbpw At±lw



\n¿∆ln®p. CsX√mw Ign™t∏mƒ At±lØns‚ ]Xm]Zo]vXn FXamXw]NfiXtbmSpIqSn P\ßfpsS at\mho£Wßfn¬ ]Xn®ncn° Wsa∂p\ap° v Duln°mat√m . Cßs\bp≈ A]Zm\ßsf Z¿in® vB›cy]cX¥\mbnØo¿∂ IhnbmIs´ , Xs‚ almcmPmhns\[¿Ωkwÿm]\Øn\mbn almhnj vWp kz oIc n® n´ p≈ Hcp\hXmcsa∂pXs∂ IcpXp∂p.

“am¿Ømfialo]Xoµ≥ shdpsXtbm Pbn°p∂p!amtemItc, a∂cmbmeohÆw th≠q”

F∂p tLmjn°p∂Xn¬ \n∂v, IhnbpsS A`n]mbØn¬ £Xnb∑m¿°vBZ¿i`qX\mbncp∂p Cu cmPmsh∂pw kv]„amIp∂p.

C°meØp ]pØ\mbn ]WnIgn∏n® io]fl\m`kzman t£XhpwsIm´mchpw tIm´Øfßfpw F√mw Cu cmPy\nhmknIƒ°v AXy¥wBÀmZ]ZambnØs∂ Ccp∂ncn°Ww. Cu A`n\hcmP[m\nbpsSine v]hnemksØ hmcy¿ hnkvXcambpw `wKnbmbpw h¿Æn®n´p≠v .at\m[¿Ωkº∂amb IhnbpsS `mh\mZr„nbn¬ Cu ]WnIsf√mw‘ZnhycXv\ab ’ambn tXm∂ps∂∂p amXa√, Ah I√pw achpamsW∂ptXm∂p∂hsc ]m]nIsf∂v At±lw A[nt£]n°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

C]Imcw cmP]iwkbpw \Kch¿Æ\bpw Ign™Xns‚ tijwIYm`mKØns‚ ]oTnIbmbn IptNehrØm¥whscbp≈ ioIrjvWNcnXwkcfa[pcamb coXnbn¬ kwKln®v D]\ykn°s∏´ncn°p∂p. ‘shÆI´pXn∂pw thiyam¿°v Iqenthe sNbvXpw ’ hf¿∂ B tZhtZh≥X¿ÆIXkvXcwsIm≠p \m∑pJs\ Icbn®Xpw Iwks\ h[n®Xpwba]pcnbn¬\n∂p kmµo]\nbpsS ]pXs\s°m≠ph∂p KpcpZ£nW\SØnbXpw _mWbp≤Øn¬ ]ctaizsc Pbn®Xpw `mcXbp≤Øn¬`‡hm’eyw \nanØw kXysØ ad∂p NImbp[hpambn `ojvacpsS t\¿°pbp≤Øn\SpØXpw’ F√mw kµ¿t`mNnXamb ck]cn]q¿ØntbmSpIqSnh¿Æn®n´ p≠ v . ChnsS IhnbpsS Hc p at\m[¿Ω hntijwIqS n]Xy£ambncn°p∂p. `Khms‚ D¬°r„KpWßfn¬ h®v IptNehrØØn¬ khntijw ]Imin°p∂X v At±lØns‚`‡hm’eyamWt√m. kzmanbpsS Cu `‡hm’eyw k¿t∆m]cnbmbn]h¿Øn°p∂Xv ]mfih∑m¿ hnjbmamsW∂p≈Xn\pw kwiban√.AXn\m¬ IYmcw`Øn\papºpXs∂, `Khms‚ Cu IcpWmsshin„ywhmb\°msc ZrVambn D¬t_m[n∏n °p∂Xns\∂hÆw ‘]mfih∑mcn¬]£]mXn’bmb `Khm≥ Ah¿°pth≠n sNbvXn´p≈ klmbßsf Ihn Hcph n[w khnk vXcambpw hmb\°mcpsS a\kns\ `‡nckwsIm≠pinincoIcn°Ø°hÆhpw hnhcn°p∂p.

CXbpw ]d™Xns‚ tijw Zp¿∆mcZmcnZyZpxJsØ Hgn°p∂Xn\mbnZzmcImhmknbpw k_“Nmcnbpamb k¿∆i‡s\ sN∂pImWWsa∂vAh¿ ¿Ømhnt\mSv At]£n°p∂p. Cu At]£sb kzoIcn®p ]nt‰Znhkw]`mXØn¬ IptNe≥ ]m`rXklnX\mbn ]pds∏Sp∂Xns\ IhnlrZbwKaambn h¿Æn®ncn°p∂p.

“Iqe¶jIpXqlew ISbpsaSpØn´\p˛Iqebmb ]Xv\ntbmSp bmXbpwsNm√n,_memZnXysh´w XpSßnbt\cw, IrjvW\ma˛Pmeßsf P]n∏qXpw sNbvXp, IptNe≥Nmte hetØms´mgn™ NtImcmZn]£nIsStImemlew tI´psIm≠p hn\n¿§an®p.”



am¿§Øn¬ At±lØns‚ hnNmcßƒ a\pjykz`mhØn\ vAXy¥m\pcq]ßfm bncn°p∂p. Xm≥ F¥p kmlknI\mWv! BscIm◊m\mWv ]pds∏´ncn°p∂Xv? B ]]©s∏cpamfn\pw X\n°pw XΩn¬euInIZr„ym APKPm¥ca√, tacphpw ISpIpw XΩnep≈ hyXymkamWvD≈Xv. B ÿnXn°v Kh¬ k∂n[nbn¬ FØp∂ Imcyw Ccn°s´, Khms‚hmkÿeØn¬ X\n°v ]thiw Xs∂ e`n°ptam? KpcpIpehmkØn¬sNßmXnbmbncp∂p F∂p≈ AhImiat√ Xm≥ sIm≠psN√p∂Xv? lm!I„w ! sFizcykº∂cmb ]` p°∑m¿ Cßs\bp≈ kJyßsfFt∏msg¶nepw Imcyambn KWn°mdpt≠m? AXnc n°s´ ,KpcpIpehmkØn\ptijw Ct∏mƒ h¿jw FX Ign™ncn°p∂p! kvt\lw]amWn ®msW¶n¬ Xm≥ CXn\Iw Hc n°se¶nepw `Khms\sN∂pImWpIbp≠mtbm? Aßs\bncns° Ct∏mƒ sN√p∂Xv shdpwbmN\bv°msW∂v kv]„at√? CXn¬]cw e÷mIcamb Hcp \nebpt≠m?Xs‚ At]£ \mfoIw Icnº\tasebvXt]mse hn^eambnØocpsa∂pkm[p _m“W≥ i¶n°p∂p . F¶nepw `KhØXzsØ \√hÆwKln®n´p≈ At±lØns‚ a\ n¬ Cu Zp¿LSmhÿbv°v kam[m\wtXm∂mXncp∂n√.

Cßs\bp≈ hnNmc[mcbm¬ am¿§t¢isØ ad∂p IptNe≥ ZzmchXnbpsSkao]Øn¬ FØp∂p. ChnsS kmam\yw Zo¿Lhpw ZzmcIm\KcsØ hmb\°mcpsSat\mZr„n°p km£m¬°cn°m≥ ]cym]vXhpamb h¿Æ\ Ihnbv°v CuhnjbØnep≈ ]mShsØ \√hÆw ]Z¿in∏n°p∂p. ZzmcImZ¿i\Øm¬_m“W\p≠mb B\µ]mchiysØ Ihn C]Imcw D¬`mh\w sNøp∂p.

“cmam\pPm©nXcmP[m\n k¬Icnt®Inbtcmam©°p∏mbaod\mbn sN©tΩkoamXoXm\µmiphn¬ Ifn°sIm≠p, IptNe˛tNmamXncn°Xp NpaSmbn®a™p.`‡nbmb Im‰p ssIIW°nete‰p s]cpInb`mKy]mcmhmc`wKn]cºcbmi‡ntbmSpIqSn h∂p amdnamdnsbSpØn´pim¿MnbpsS ]pcZzmcw ]qIn°s∏´p.”

Ae¶mc NmXpcnbmepw A¿∞]p„nbmepw Cu ]ZyØn\p kn≤n®n´p≈Na¬°mcw AhmNyamWv. IhnIfpsS a\ ns\ Hcp XntImWkv^SnItØmSp]an°mw. BZnXys‚ ip`h¿Æamb civan \ΩpsS a\ n\phntijamb Hcp IuXpItØbpw \¬Ip∂n√. F∂m¬ Aßs\bp≈ Hcpcivan Hcp XntImWkv^SnIØn\p≈n¬°qSn shfnbn¬ hcptºmƒ AXvinYneo`hn® v CµNm]Ønse k]vXh¿Æßsf BhnjvIcn°p∂XvImWptºmƒ \ap° v BÀmZw tXm∂p∂p . CXpt]mseXs∂,tcmam©tØmSpw B\µ_mj v]tØmSpw IqS n IptNe≥ZzmcImtKm]pcØnseØnsb∂p ]d™m¬ B hkvXpX Kln®p F∂√msX\ΩpsS lrZbØn¬ bmsXmcp hnImchpw D≠mIp∂n√; B hmIyw \ΩpsSlrZbsØ kv]¿in°p∂pt]mepa n√. F∂m¬ C]Imcw bmsXmcp



hntijKpWhpan√mØ kwKXnIƒ DØa\mb Hcp IhnbpsS `mh\bn¬]Xnên® v , hm K pt]W shfnb n¬ ]pds∏S ptºmƒ AhbpsS\m\m]ImtcWbp≈ wKnhnemkw \ΩpsS lrZbsØ Bh¿÷\w sNøp∂p.

“BgnaIfpsamcpans®mcp Ińt∑et∂cwGgmwamfnIapIfnencp∂cpfpwGgpI≠peIhmgnbmb Xºpcm≥.”

]nbhbky\mb _m“Ws‚ hchp I≠p Xmsg Fgp∂≈p∂Xpw, [oc\mbsN¥mac°Æ≥ IÆp\ocWnbp∂Xpw,

“amdsØ hnb¿∏psh≈wsIm≠p \mdpw kXo¿∞ys\amdØp◊tbmSp tN¿Øp KmVw ]pW¿∂pIpdpaqew Xrss°sIm≠p ssI]nSn®psIm≠p]cn˛tIdns°m≠p e£vaoXev]Ønt∑¬...”

CcpØp∂Xpw Z p]s\t∏msebp≈ Pf]`p°ƒ°v FX kmctadnb]mTambncn°p∂p! ]n∂oSv ]ca`‡\mb B _m“W\pw `‡`‡\mb`Khm\pw XΩn¬ \S°p∂ B kw`mjWamIs´ AIr X nahpwA\mXriyhpamb am[pcyw t]dp-∂p. i–me¶mcßfm¬ Hcp ImhyØn\pkn≤nt°≠ Nae v°mcw Cu ImhyØn\p \√hÆw e` n® n´ p≠ v .hmIyßfmb\zbn°m≥ t¢iap≈ hcnIƒ hfsc Zp¿LSambpw AXn\m¬CXns‚ cN\mkujvThw «mLyambpw Ccn°p∂p. kµ¿t`mNnXßfmbckßƒ th≠pwhÆw ]p„nh∂n´p≈Xn\p]pdta, Cu ImhyØn¬ BZy¥wA\pky qXambn ]hln°p∂p . cma]pcØphmcyc psS IrXnbmbCXcImhyßƒ D≈]£w Ahsb I≠p]nSn®p ]kn≤oIcnt°≠Xp`mjm]WbnIfpsS IrXyamIp∂p.

Cu ImhyØns‚ hrØw am XmkwJysb°mƒ A£ckwJysbBibn®nc n°p∂p . Hmtcm ioe ns‚bpw BZysØ hc nb n¬]Xn\md£cßfpw c≠masØ hcnb n¬ ]Xna q∂£cßfpwIrXyambSßnbncn°p∂p. F∂m¬ Cu hcnIfnse amXIƒ°v C]ImcwJfinXamb Hcp \nbahpw ImWp∂n√. F¶nepw FgpXp∂ coXnsb amXwASnÿm\am°msX Np≠≥ h≈Øn¬ ]mSp∂ coXnsb A\pkcn®lkzZo¿L\n¿Æbw sNbvXp amXIsf FÆp∂Xmbm¬ H∂masØ hcnbn¬Ccp]Ønbmd p w c≠matØXn¬ Ccp]Xpw am XIƒ ]mtbWImWs∏Sp∂XmWv . CXn\pw hfsc hyXyk vXßfns√∂√.aebmf—µ»mkv XØn¬ Cu hrØØn\p ‘\tXm∂X ’ F∂p t]¿Iev]n°s∏ńcn°p∂p. AXns‚ e£Ww,

“KWw Zzy£csas´Æ˛sam∂mw ]mZØn¬, a‰Xn¬KWamdc \n¬t°Wwc≠psa´maX£tcKpcpXs∂sbgpsØ√m˛av»oen≥ t]¿ \tXm∂Xm.” ˛ (hrØaRvPcn)

Cu Imhyw 973˛¬ \mSp\oßnb Im¿ØnIXncp∂mƒ almcmPmhns‚ImeØv AhnSpsØ B⁄]Imcw FgpXs∏´Xmbn `mjmNcnXØn¬ImWp∂p. Cu DulsØ _es∏SpØp∂Xn\mbn B`y¥camb bmsXmcpsXfnhpw Cu ImhyØn¬ ImWp∂n√. Im¿ØnI Xncp∂mƒ Xncpa\ nse\mat[bw ‘cmah¿Ω’ F∂mbncp∂p. F∂m¬ Ihn hmgvØp∂sX√mwam¿ØmWvTh¿Ω almcmPmhns‚ ]cm IasØ BIp∂p . CXpIm¿ØnIXnc p∂mƒ Xnc pa\ nse AΩmh\pw X nc ph nXmwIq¿cmPyÿm]I\pw Bb cmP¿j`s\ Dt±in®msW∂p≈Xn\p kwiban√.



AhnSpsØ A]Zm\ßfpsS Io¿Ø\w `mKnt\b\mb Xncpa\ nte°p]oXnIcambnØs∂ Ccn°psa¶nepw \mSphmWncp∂ almcmPmhns\Ipdn®vIhn Hc£cw t]mepw ]dbmsX Hgnhm°psa∂p≈Xv Akw`hyambntXm∂p∂p. am¿Ømfih¿Ω almcmPmhn\p k¿∆Ym A\pcp]\mb`mK nt\b\mbnc p∂pcmah¿ΩalmcmPmsh∂p≈ hmk vXhw CuAkw`hyXsb G‰hpw _es∏SpØp∂p. F∂pamXa√, am¿Ømfih¿ΩalmcmPmhns\ hmgvØp∂Xn¬, ‘am¿Ømfialo]Xnµ≥ shdpsXtbmPbn°p∂p ’ F∂pw a‰pw At\Iw ]tbmKßƒ h¿Øam\ImeØn¬Øs∂bmWv.

“\mńs\ a∂m°nbXpam¿Ømeßp PbkvXw`w\m´pao \hmhXmcsa∂p tXm∂p∂p”

F∂p XZm\o¥\mb cmPy`cWsshin„ysØ kqNn∏ n®p´ p≈`mhn]tbmKhpw ImWp∂p≠v. AXn\m¬ am¿Ømfih¿ΩalmcmPmhns‚cmPy`cWImeamb sIm√w 904 ˛ \pw 933 ˛ \pw CSbnemWv Cu ImhyØns‚D¤hsa∂p≈ ]£w Iptd°qSn bp‡nbp‡ambncn°p∂p. F∂p amXa√,hnin„NcnX\mb B cmP¿j`≥ F´phoń¬∏n≈Ωm¿ apXemb iXp°sf\in∏ n® v , cmPyh nk vXrXn h¿≤n∏ n°pIbpw , AhnsS kam[m\wÿm]n°pIbpw, `ZZo]w apXemb ]pWym\p„m\ßsf ]XnjvTn°bpwsNbvXXns‚ tijamWv Cu Imhyw D≠mbsX∂v CXns‚ BZy`mKwXs∂sXfnbn°p∂p.

NXp-c¥yw ˛ \c-I-h¿W\tIc-f-ssI-kvXh kaq-l-Øn\p ]mtbm-KnI PohnX Z¿i-\-Øn¬ hnf°pw

shfn-®-hp-am-bn-Øo¿∂ cN-\-I-fmWv ]¿hßƒ F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂A©p-Im-hy-cN-\Iƒ. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ A¥y-L´w \membn hn`-Pn®vac-W-th-f-bnse A\p-`-h-ßƒ hnh-cn-°p∂ acW]¿hw, ac-Wm-\-¥cw Hmtcmhy‡nbpsSbpw I¿Ω-^-e-ambn F¥v Fßs\ hn[n-°-s∏-Sp∂p F∂p-ap-∂-dn-hp-X-cp∂ hn[n-]¿hw, hn[n-°p-tijw \c-I-Øn¬ sN√p-∂-hsc ImØn-cn-°p-∂ HSp-ßmØ ]oU-\-ß-fpsS IY-]-d-bp∂ \c-I-]¿hw, kz¿K-ku-`m-Ky-ß-fpsS hnh-c-W-amb tam£-]¿hw, tbiphns‚ AΩ-bmb adn-b-Øns‚ Pohn-X-a-c-W-ßfpw kz¿Km-tcm-]-Whpw BJym\w sNøp∂ DΩm-]¿hw F∂n-h-bmWv]¿h-ßƒ F∂p s]mXpsh Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ae-bm-f-Ønse BZyIme ssIkvX-h-Im-hy-ßƒ. Ch-bn¬ BZysØ \mseÆw amXw tN¿Øp NXp-c¥yw F∂pwhyh-l-cn-°m-dp-≠v.

ae-bm-f-I-hn-X-bn¬ acWw Hcp hy‡y-\p-`-h-ambn BZyw IS-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xp -a-c-W-]¿h-Øn-em-Wv. AXn-\p-ap≥]v kmam-\y-h-Xv°-cn-°-s∏´ acWhpw ac-W-Z¿i-\hpw amXta ae-bm-fn-Iƒ°p ]cn-Nn-X-am-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. Fgp-Ø-—-s‚bpw]q¥m-\-Øn-s‚bpw IrXn-I-fnepw cma-N-cn -X-Ønepw IÆ-»≥ IrXn-I-fn -ep -sams° ac-W-ap-≠v. ]t£, ac-W-Øns‚ km∂n-[y-a-√, ac-W-Nn-¥-bpsS km∂n-[y-am-Wv B kµ¿`-ß-fn -sems° \ap-°-\p-` -h-s∏Sp∂Xv. acWw Ahn-sS-sbm∂pw Hcp hy‡n-\p-`-h-a-√, adn®v Hcp kw`-htam IYtbm KpW-]m-TtamamX-am-Wv. F∂m¬ A¿tWmkv ]mXncn Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-∂Xv Bk∂ac-W-\mb Hcp a\p-jys‚ A\p-`-h-ß-fm-Wv.

Xs‚ Pohn-X-Øn\p Xnc-»oe hogvØm-s\m-cp-ßn-s°m-≠v, Xm≥ ]q¿Æ-ambpw C√m-Xm-bn-Øo-cp∂ òXn-P-\-I-amb \nan-j-Øns‚ Imsem® tIƒ∏n-®p-sIm-≠v, acWw Hcp a\p-jys‚ InS-bv°bv-°-cn-In¬ ]Xp-ßn-\n¬°p-I-bm-Wv, ac-W-]¿h-Øn¬.



A¥-K-lr-Zzm¿Ø tIƒ°, kvacn-°tlmA¥ \cm-a-b-[o-Nm-chpw

F∂v H‰ Cuc-Sn -bn¬ hnjbw Ah-X-cn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v Ihn t\tc arXyp-Nn-¥-bn-te°p IS-°p∂p. Atlm, `mKy-\m-ihpw `bhpw hcp-Øp∂ ssZhta!hm°p-I-fn-e-S-ßmØ Zp:JØns‚ ka-bta! Cu temI-Øn¬ ssZh-ta, ÿnc-`m-Ky-an -√-t√m, am‰w hcmØ hkvXp-hp-an -√-t√m. F√m kt¥m-j-ßfpw CX-thKw Ah-km -\n -∏n -°m≥ Imc -W-sa¥v? Aev]Imew amXw `qan -bn¬hmgm≥,hkvXw [cn-°p-tºmse Rm≥ ico-c-sa-Sp -Øp. Aev]-Imew amXwtemI-kp-J-ß-f\p`hn-°m-\mbn Rm≥ Pohn-®p. B Ipd®p ka-bw-sIm≠p[\-k-º-Øp-°ƒ kºm-Zn-∏m≥ Rm≥ t¢in-®p. ac-W-th-f-bn¬ Ah-sb√mwRm\p-t]-£n-°-Ww, B \nanjw ASp-Øp-I-gn -™s√m! Cßs\ s\©p-X-I¿∂p-\n-e-hn-fn -°p∂ ]®-a-\p-jy-s\-bm-Wv Ihn ac-W-]¿h-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n -°p-∂-Xv.

Ah-km-\-`m-KØv, Xs‚ ac-W-thfbn¬ klm-b-I-am-tW-sb∂p tZh-am-Xm-hn-t\m-S-t]-£n-°p∂ L´w-hsc Cu Imhyw Hcp ssIkvX-h-c-N-\-bm-sW-∂p-sX-fn-bn-°p∂ kqN-\-I-sfm-∂p-an-√. Ign-™p-t]mb Ime-ß-fn-te°p Xncn-™p-t\m°n Xm≥ sNbvXp-t]mb sX‰p-I-tfm¿Øv Abmƒ tXßn-°-c-bp-∂p,]›mØ-]n-°p-∂p. Aß-s\-sb-cns° ]nim-Np-I-S-∂p-h-cp-∂p. Abmsf \c-I-Øn-te°v Iq´n-s°m-≠p-t]m-Im-\mWp h∂-sX-∂-dn™v Abmƒ \Sp-ßp-∂p.Cu A\p-`hw a‰m¿°p-ap-≠m-Im-Xn-cn -°m≥ i≤n-°-W-sa∂v _‘p-an-Xm-Zn -Iƒ°v At¥ym-]-tZiw \¬Ip-∂p. XpS¿∂p tZh-am-Xm-hns\ hnfn®p lrZbwXI¿∂p ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. ac-W-Øn\p Xøm-sd-Sp-°p∂ Abmƒ ho≠pw Hm¿Ωn-∏n -°p-∂p.acWw \nßƒ°p-sam-cp-Imew hcpw]cm-]-tc-izc Iev]-\-bm¬Ime-sam-cp-Ø¿°pw \n›-b-an -√s√mF√m-°m-e-ß-fn¬ t]Sn-°WwFhn-sS-sb-∂Xpw \n›-b-an -√s√mk¿h-ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ i¶-thWwGXp-]-Im-c-Øn¬ arXyp-h-cp -∂tXmAXp-a-dn™p IqSm-Xs√m

Xmc-X-tay\ efn-X-amb `mjbpw kpXm-cy-amb Bi-b-X-ehpw ac-W-]¿h-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-bm-Wv. ]mZ-]q-c-W-Øn-\p- \n-c¿∞-I-]-Z-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂n√ F∂ hkvXpX Bscbpw B›-cy-s∏-Sp-ØpI Xs∂-sN-øpw. \ΩpsSalm -I -h n -Iƒ°p -t]mepw Cu A]-cm -[ -Øn¬ \n∂p ]q¿W-a p -‡-c√Ft∂m¿°p-I. ]]-©-h-kvXp-°-tfmSpw _‘p-an-Xm-Zn-I-b-tfmSpw FÆn-sbÆnbmX-]-d-bp∂ kµ¿`hpw euInI taml-ß-fn¬ Ba-·-cmbn ]m]-ßƒ sNø-cp-sX-t∂m¿Ωn-∏n-°p∂ Nmh-cpƒ `mKhpw AXy¥w lrZyhpw hnIm-c-`-cn -X-hp-am-Wv.

euIn-I-am-b-sX√mw \in-°p-sa∂ ap∂-dn -bn -t∏m-sS-bm-Wp- hn-[n -]¿hwBcw-`n -°p-∂-Xv. temIm-h-km-\-th-f-bn¬ ]Ir-Xn-bn-se-s¥√mw kw`-hn-°p-sa∂ t]Sn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ BJym-\hpw XpS¿∂p \c-hwiw apgp-h≥ A`nap-Jo-I-cn -t°≠ A¥n-a-hn-[n-sb-∏-‰n -bp≈ Zo¿L-hn-h-c-Whpw Cu Imhyw D≈-S-°p-∂p. tIcf ssIkvXh-k-aq -l-Øn-\p-tem-Im-h-km-\-sØ-∏-‰nbpw A¥y-hn-[n-sb-∏-‰n -bp-ap≈ k¶-ev]--ßƒ sa\-s™-Sp-°m≥ klm-bn-®Xpw AX-\p-k-cn®v Hcp ssIkvXh ]pcm-hrØw Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Icp-°ƒ \evIn-bXpwat‰-sXmcp XmXzn -I-K-Ÿ-sØ-°mfpw hn[n-]¿hw Bbn-cn -°p-sa-∂p -I-cp-Xp-∂-Xn¬ sX‰n-√. AXbv°p lrZ-b-kv]¿i-Ihpw hniz-kn-t®-a-Xn-bmhq F∂pimTyw ]nSn-°p-∂-Xp-amWv Cu cN-\-bpsS BJym-\-X-ew.



\mep -]¿h -ß-f n¬ G‰hpw Zo¿Lw \c -I -]¿h -am -W v . tII -hr -Ø-Øn¬ 1261 hcn -Iƒ. cN -\bpw anI -hp -‰ -Xp -Xs∂. efn -X -sa -¶nepw ]uV-amb BJym -\w. X\n°v H´pw ]cn -N -b -a n -√mØ \c -IsØ `mh -\ -sNbvXph¿Æn -°p -∂X v Ahnizmky -am -b n -Øo¿t∂-°m -sa∂p [¿Ω k¶-S -s∏ -Sp∂ Ihn, bqZm -kn -t\ -°mƒ AXn\p tbmKy -\m -sbm -cm -f n -s√∂p \n›-bn -® v ,

F¶ntem alm -]m -]o , \c -I -hmko, bqZmZpjvIr -X -ÿ-eZp :Jw kwt£-]n -® -d n -bn°F∂m-h -iy -s∏ -Sp -∂p . DS≥Xs∂ `oI -c -c q -]n -bmb bqZmkv ]Xy -£-

s∏ -S p -Ibpw \c -I -Øn¬ Xm≥ A\p -` -h n -® p - sIm -≠n -c n -°p∂ B¿°pwkln -°m -\m -hmØ Zpcn -X -ßƒ hnh -c n -°p -Ibpw sNøp -∂p. bqZm -kns‚apSn -bn¬ k¿∏-ßƒ, IÆp -I -f n¬ tXfp -Iƒ, IÆo¿ \nc -¥ -c -sam -g p -Ip -∂p . Xnf -® -sh≈w t]mse ]pI -bp -∂p . IhnƒØ-S -ß-fn¬ Iran -Iƒ \pc -b v°p -∂p. aq°n≥ \c -I -P -¥p -°ƒ. A[-tcm -j vT -ßƒ Nps´ -S pØ amwk-°-j -W-ßƒt]mse. hmbn¬\n∂p ]pI -h -a n -°p -∂p . ssIIm¬I-fn¬Np´p -] -gpØ XpS -ep -Iƒ. hkvX -ßƒ A·n -Pzm -e -Iƒ. \c -I -hm¿Ø Adn -bn -°m≥ CXn -t\ -°mƒ tbmKy -\m -cp -a n -s√ -∂p -hy -‡w.

\c -I -Ønse t]S n - s∏ - S p -Øp∂ A\p - `h km£y -ßƒ°p - tijwbqZm -kp - a -d -bp -tºmƒ KpWm -\p -K≥ F∂ Xm]ktijvT\pw XXz -t_m -[≥ F∂ thZ -Kp -c phpw ]Xy -£-s∏ -Sp -∂p . XpS¿∂v Ah¿ XΩn -ep≈tNmtZym -Ø-c -ß-fn -eqsS ssZh -Øns‚ A\-¥-Im -cp -Wyhpw ]›mØ-]n -°p∂ ]m]n -Iƒ°p e`n -°m -hp∂ tamN -\hpw A√m -Ø-h¿°p -≠m -Im -hp∂ ITn -\ -in -£bpw A\m -h -cWw sNø-s∏ -Sp -∂p . B]-Øn¬s∏´ Hcpkv Xosb c£n®p cm⁄n-bm -°nb Hcp cmPm -hns‚ IYbpw DZm -l -c -W -ambn XXzt_m -[≥ ]d -bp -∂p -≠ v . Ahƒ A[n -Im - c - ] - a -Ø -bmbnsX‰p -sN -øp -Ibpw ]›m-Øm] hnh -i -bm -b -t∏mƒ cmPm -hp -£-an -°p -IbpwAhƒ ]m] -Øn¬ hogp -Ibpw ho≠pw cmPmhp ImcpWyw Im´p -IbpwsNøp∂ A\ym -] -tZ -i -I -Y. Xn∑ -sN -øm -Xn -c n -∏m\pw \∑-bn¬ a\ - p -d -∏n -°m\pw Xøm -dm -I -W-sa∂pw \c -I -a√ kz¿K -amWp a\p -jys‚ e£y-ÿm -\ -sa -∂p -d -®p -Po -h n -° -W-sa∂pw Zo¿L-ambn DZ vt_m -[n -∏ n -®p -sIm -≠ - h - k m - \ n - ° p ∂ \ c - I - ] ¿ h - Ø n s ‚ h m b \ B c n e p w \ S p ° wkrjvSn°p∂ Hcp A\p -` -h -amWv .

NXp -c -¥y -Øn¬ \mem -a - tØ-Xmb tam£-]¿hw CX-c -]¿h -ß-sf -b -t] -£n -®p - ] -km -Zm -fl -I -amb A¥-co£w Dƒs°m -≈p -∂p . t]Sn -s∏ -Sp -Øp -Itbm Bi-¶ -sIm≈n -°p -Itbm sNøp∂ hnh -c -W-ß-fn -√. kz¿K -ku -`m -Ky -Øns‚ kpJ -io -X -f -km -l -N -cyw . DØ-a -ss I -k vX -h -Po -h n -X -Øns‚ Pohn -X -Øn -\p - ] -Xn -^ -e -ambn e`n -°p∂ tam£-`m -Ky -Øns‚tamln -∏n -°p∂ A¥-co -£w. Fhn -sSbpw im¥n -Ko -X -ß-fpsS Ze -a¿Ω-cw . Bscbpw sImXn -∏ n -°p∂ Ie v] -I -∏q - a - cw , ` qa n -b n¬ A\p -` -h n®Zp :Jß-fpsS Ibv] v Aar -Xmbn ]cn -W-a n -°p∂ AZv`p -Xw . ac -W, hn[n ,\c -I -ß-fn -eqsS HmSn -°n -X -s® -Øn -b -h\p e`n -°p∂ ssZhnI km¥z -\w.Xnc -b -S -ßnb IS -e ns‚ ]im -¥ -X. Agn - a p -JsØØnb \Zo - ] -hm -l -Øns‚ kz— -km -^ -eyw . C\n hn i -a -Øns‚ Ahn -Lv\ -e -bw. AXm -Wp -tam£]¿hw.

\c-I-]¿∆w

hnjvS-]-X-b-\mY! kI-e-Kp-W-]q¿Æ!kjvS-]m-e-\m-i\! k¿th-iz-cmb \a:



`‡h’-e-tZh! \n¿Ω-e-P-\-]nb!ZpjvIr-X-imkvXm! hrØn-tZm-j-tk-h-I-tZzjn

\nt»-j-Kp-Wmw-_p[n! \nXy-kz-`mth \a:Ai-co-c-aw-Ke k¿h-Nm-cp-cq-]I!

k¿h-⁄, k¿h-hym-]n, k¿h-Im-c-W-tZh\ncm-Zym-\-µm-Zzb altX \tam \a:

apZm¥ Zp:Jme-b-am-]-Zm-∂n-tI-X\wcpZnX \n¿hy-Y-\-am-bp≈ \c-I-Øn¬ 5

Ah-ÿ-sNm¬hm-\p-≈n¬ am\-kw-tXm-∂n-b-t∏mƒih-Ww-sIm≠p kpJw-h-cm-bvIn-e-Xp-sIm≠p

k¬KpWw tkhn-∏-Xn-∂p-jvW-Im-c-W-amIpwBK p i¶n-∏m\pw \nanØw `hn-®oSpw

AZr-jvS-IY sNm¬hm≥ hnj-a-ap-≠p-Xm\pwlrZn-hn-izmkw hcp-Øo-Sp-hm-\-Xn≥ ]Wn

\nc¿∞-I-Y1-bn-sX-∂p-d-b-°p-ap-≈n¬ Nne¿BcXp I≠n-´p-≈psh∂-t\z-jn°pw Nne¿

AXp km£n-°p-∂-Xm-sc-∂p-tNm-Zn°pw Nne¿hmkvX-h-sa∂pw ]e¿ _p≤n-bn¬ kwi-bn°pw 10

F¶ntem alm-]m]n \c-I-hmkn bpZm!ZpjvIr-X-ÿ-eZp:Jw kwt£-]n-®-dn-bn°

Kpcp apJys\ injy-s\m‰n \o h[n-∏n®pac-W-I¿Øm-hmbn ZpjvS¿°p-a-tK-k-c≥

ZpjvI¿Ω-IjvSw I≠-aqew kzl¥m kzbwXXvI¿Ω-Øns‚ ^ew \c-IZ:Jßsf

c£-Iq-SmsX \nXyw \ob-\p-`-hn-°p∂p\o £an-°p-∂-sX√mw Npcp°n tIƒ∏n-∏m-\mbv

Zp¿`mKy-tadpw Zo\-`q-temtI hcn-sIsSm!ip`-Km-\-tØm-SXp sNm√phm\-cp-sX-¶n¬ 15IjvtS\ ]d-™mepw Zp:J`m-jWw aXntI´n´p ]m]n -2ho-c≥ \ap°p ]Xy-£-ambv

A£n-tKm-Nm-c-cq]w Z¿jn-∏m≥3 `b-tadpwkq£n-∏m≥ ss[cyw t]mcm Poh≥ hmßp∂-Xtøm!

inc- n≥4apSn h’-k¿∏-ßƒ ]e-Xcwhncq-]-Zr-jvSn-I-fn¬ hrivNn-I-an-cn-°p∂p

hfsc \b-\mw_p k¥-X-sam-gp-Ip∂pXnf-®-sh-≈-tØmSp kam\w ]pI-bp∂p

]mc-a-d-∏m≥tbmKyw It]mew Iran-ÿew\nc-b-P-¥p-°fpw \mknI Ic-fp∂p 20



DØ-cm-[-tcm-jvT-ßƒ Np´-amw-k-tØm-sSm°pwAXy-t¥m-jvW-Øn≥ Nn”w ]pI hmbn-se-izmkw

Xo°-\¬ \ndap≈ `mcn® XpS¿c≠pwIm¬Ifpw Ic-ßfpw sI´p∂p apdp-°-Øn¬

Ip∏m-b-a-t[mw-ipI hkvX-ß-f-·n-Xs∂]m]ta IjvS-cq]w `b-ap-s≠-∂m-Inepw

GXpta i¶n-t°≠ ssZh-I-ev]-\-h-im¬`oZnX temI-hm¿Ø-b-dn-bn-∏m-\mbv h∂m≥

tI´-Xp-[-cn-®n´p ]ikvXw tkhn-∏m\pwZpjvS-X-h¿÷n-∏m-\p-sa-√m-cp-ap-d-bvt°Ww 25

F¶n¬ \c-I-IY bqZm-sk-∂-h¿ sNm√pwhm°p-Iƒ tIƒ∏m≥ kq£van-°-k-÷-\ta!

cnjvS-`m-h-tØm-St∏mƒ Zo¿L-\n-izm-tk\ sNm∂m≥ZznjvS-kz-`mhn ]m]n lm hZ-\m-]¬K-X≥

IjvS-i-cocn _lpZp:JnX-\mb aa`mj-W-tØ-°mƒ tib- m-Ip-∂n-X-`m-jWw

AXy-¥-k-¥m-]-ß-fp-≈n¬s°m≠-h¿Iƒ°phm¿Ø-Iƒ sNm∂o-Sp-hm≥ am\kw tXm∂o-Sptam?

k¥m-]-an-jvS-tcmSp `qtemtI tIƒ∏n-°p-tºmƒk¶Sw ]d-™pt]mw Xm]mizmkhpw hcpw 30

Rm≥ £an-°p-∂-sX√mw ]d-™p-tIƒ∏n-°nepwA£bm aa Zp:Jw ioX-f-ap-≠mbv hcm

k¶-S-sam-s°-s®m¬hm≥ ]mS-h-sam-∂pw-t]mcmH°-th-sbm-∏n-∏m\psam-´pta hia√

AØm]w tIƒt°-W-sa-∂m-i-s≠-∂m-IntemFXbpw Npcp-°-Øn-eev]w Rm\-dn-bn-t∏≥

A\m-Zy\¥-\m-Y-\m-Zn-Im-c-W≥ tZh≥h”n `q \`- p-Iƒ kenew temI-ßfpw

hmMv\n-an-Ø-Øm-emZu krjvSn®p ÿnXn-\evInAt∂cw \nJn-te-i-]-Xm]w ]Im-in-∏m≥ 35

k¿h-kr-jvSn-∏p-I-fn-e-Xy¥ apJy-∑mcmwAcq-]-kz-cq-]n-I-fp-≠mbn amem-J-am¿

F∂p-sNm-√oSpw Nne¿ kpa-\- p-I-sf∂pwA\y-`m-j-bn¬ ]e \ma-t[-bsØ h®p

Ah¿°p k¿thizc≥ kzh¿K-tbm-Ky-KpWwBthmfw \evIo-´p-S≥ tam£sØ e`n-∏m-\mbv

`qhn-am\pj\mIpw tZh-s\-bm-cm-[n®ptZh-I-ev]n-X-a-\p-k-cn®p hg-tßWw



Fs∂mcp hn[n-h®p ap‡n-sb- n-≤n-∏m-\mbvk¶Sw `hn-®o-Sp-a-√m-bvIn¬ \nc-¥cw 40

I¿Ω-Øn-s\mØ ^ew \nb-Xw-hcpw \q\wAcp-f-∏m-So-h-Æ-am-N-cn-s®mcp Iq´w

tam£-hm-kn-I-f-h¿ k¥Xw epJn-°p∂pA£-b-k-Ø-KpWw I≠-l-¶-cn-®-t∏mƒ

]amWw Im∏m≥ ]e¿k-Ω-Xn-®-Xp-an√X∑q-e-a-h¿°-l-¶mc tZmj-Øm-eY

[¿Ω-lo-\hpw h∂p im]-tbm-Ky-hp-ap-≠mbv\n¿Ω-e-cq-]o-KpWw ZpjvS-cm-bvØn-cn-™-t∏mƒ

`qX-]n-im-Np-\maw sNm√p-hm≥ tbmKw-h∂p\oXn-bp‡ tZh-\-°mew in£-ÿew

[c-Wn-a-[y-Øn-¶¬ \n¿Ωn-t®m-c-t[m-temIwk¿h-k-¶-S-ÿew kI-e-tim-I-`mKw 46

\c-I-sa-∂p-\maw Zp¿§-Xn-sb-∂p-sNm√mwAcn-jvS-a-Xn-sems° awK-e-sam-∂p-an√

B¿Øn-tb-b-Xn-ep≈q hmk-kp-J-hp-an√B¿sØ-cn-bp-s∂m-c-·n-°-S-°-sa-∂p-an√

tJZ-ap-≠-Xn¬ Zp:Jko-a-sbm-∂p-an√thZ-\-b-Xn-ep≈q ioX-f-sam-´p-an√

Zp¿`m-Ky-hm-∑m¿°Xp `h-\-sa-√m-\mfpwip`-c-ln-X-∑m¿°p-tLm-camw hne-ßXp 50

Zpcn-X-in-£-bv°p≈ kwt_m-[-\n¿hy-Y\wIucy-]q-cn-X-temIw LyW-c-ln-X-cmPyw

A]-c-≤-∑m-cmb kpa-\- p-°-sfms°A]-c-tZ-h-hn[n imk-\-a-Xn-em°n

Ah¿I-fpsS hymPw tI´p ZpjvIr-Xn-IfpwAhnsS hkn-∏m-\m-b-\p-Km-an-I-fmIpw

CXn Zp¿§-Xn-hm¿Ø k÷\ [ym\m¿∞-ambvFXbpw Npcp-°-Øn-e-Xp-Rm-\-dn-bn-t®≥

Aev]-[o-\m-∑m-°-Xp-K-ln-∏m≥ ]Wn-sb-¶n¬Xmw]Xn hnkvXm-c-Øn-en-\nbpw ]d-™nSmw 55

BZy-¥-lo-\-ap≈ hkvXp-°-fn-h-sb√mwBZntb tIƒ∏n°p-tºm-f-X-s√-∂tX hcq

Hmtcm cwK-Øn≥ Zp:Jsa-∂p-ta-sbm-Sp-ßoSm\nc¥yw ]d-hm\pw tIƒ∏m-\p-am-cp-an√

F∂mepw `hn-°p∂ Zp:Jßsfm´p Im¨am≥F∂m-sem-´m-Ipw-hÆw ]d-bm-sa∂mInepw



ap≥]n-te-sX√mw ]d-™n-tS≠p ]d-™n√ap≥]n-\m-e-Z¿i\w sIm≠tX ]d-tb≠q

tij-am-bp-≈-sX√mw Z¿in-∏m-\-\-¥-cwShnjvSt] ZnhmIc-\m-tem-I-amIpw t]mse 60

\rtZ-l-Øn∂p kqcy≥ \b-\-am-Ip-∂XpBZn-Xy-lo-\-aqew `ph\w Idp-Øpt]mw

\b\w \jvS-am-bm¬ a\ pw tJZn-®nSpwkqcy-lo-\hpw Xa- -£n-lo-\-hp-atX

IncWwIqSm-sX-I-≠-‘Xzw \oßp-∂n√aco-Nn-bp-≠m-Inepw temN-\-an-√m-™mepw

Hcp `bm-Ø-an√ [zm¥-]m-]vXn-tb-bp≈qHcp tim`sb Hcp tim`-sIm-≠-dn-bWw

Cu£W Z¿i-\hpw kqcy-]-`-bp-sam°pwN£p- p-am-Zn-Xy\pw IqSp-tºmƒ KpW-ap≈p 65

tJc-hy-b\w c≠p-Im-Wp-sa-∂-Xp-t]mse\c-I-Zn-in-sbmcp ]Im-im-Im-c-an√

Ign-bm-sØmcp tLmc-X-a-kn-b-t[m-temtIhmgp∂p tPym’v\n-b√ Xnbm-am-b-Xp-a√

Xma-kn-sb-√m-\m-fp-taI bma-bp-ap≈pòssa-I-bm-a-Xm-\p-sa-∂p-ta-sbm-Sp-ßmsX

Akp-hp-am-Zn-Xy-\p-a-kvX-an-®oSpw ImewX’m-b-ap-S≥ \nXyw \ni-sb-∂-dn-™mepw

Zn\-Øn≥ apJ-cmXn `hn-°p-a-Xn≥ aptºA\-¥-sam-Sp-ßWw \nXyhpw Ign-bWw 70AX-\m-f-‘-Imc hnjz-‡-a-k-ßfpwk¥-a-k-ß-sfms° \c-tI-hym-]n-®oSpw

\jvS-Z¿i-\-am-bm¬ awK-e-sa-∂p-tXm∂pwZpjvS-cq-]-ßƒ Imäm≥ hnj-a-ap-≠mbv hcm

tZzjamw hncq-]-ßƒ ImWp-∂-X-Xn¬∏cwZrjvSn-X-a p \√q awK-e-Z¿i\w

Zp¿KXy ip`-at[y awK-e-sa∂pw hcmss`c-h-tZ-hm-⁄-bm¬ ]oUn-∏m-\p-≈-sX√mw

ZrjvSn°p ]Xy-£amw am\-k-a-√m-bvInepwIjvS-am-l¥! IjvSw! ]m]ta \ncq-]n-®m¬ 75

\c-I-hm-kn-bpsS cq]-hn-cq]w ImÏn¬Icn-knw-l-hym-LmZn s]cp-ºm-ºp-I-fpsS

BImtc `bm-\-I-ta-Xp-an-s√∂p kn≤w\nIr-jvS-an-X-‘-Im-c-Øn-¶¬ ImWpw-aqew

òa-am-bp-≈-Xn∂p h¿≤n-®o-Sp-∂p-`bwI∑-j-a-dp-∏m-\mbv k¿thi hn[n-h-im¬



AXy-¥-`o-Xn-]q≠p ]pWy-hm-\n-Xp-I≠pCXn-\o-£-W-Imte ImW-W-sa-∂p-h-∂m¬

`qay¥w hcp-thmfw Zp:Jk-l\w \√qF∂p-d-®nXp kXyw sNm∂-sX-∂-dn-™mepw 80K‘-I-_-”n-[qaw sIms≠¥p ]d-tb≠pNn¥n-ho-gp∂ IÆo-cm-`oew km£n-°p∂p

NqtSdpw IÆo¿I-fm¬ k¶-Sw-sNm-√m-htXmHSp°w h∂o-Sptam A\-¥-Xm]w sNm∂m¬

N£p- n≥ Zp:JtØm-Sp-k-am\w I¿Æ-ZWvUwBt£-]-h-N-\-ßƒ ]cn-th-Z-\-ßfpw

hymIp-e-i-_vZ-ßfpw IjvS-Zp¿∂m-`-ßfpwBtIm-i-ßfpw tIm]-`m-j-Iƒ ]e-Xcw

Cl-tIƒ°p-am-dp≈q C±n-°n¬ KoX-aXptZl-Øn-∂p-Ø-amw-K-a-[-amw-Khpw Pnlz 85

alm-Kp-Whpw alm-tZm-jhpw hcp-ØoSpwPnlz-bm¬ ]e-KpWw `hn-°p-sa-∂m-Inepw

hln-°p-am-]-ØXpw kzhm-K-]-cn-tOZywaq¿®-bp-≠-Xn-t\‰w JUvKw-t]m¬ sh´p-Ibpw

kqNn-X≥ ap\-sIm-≠p-Ip-Øpw-t]m¬ IpØp-IbpwIp≤n® izmthm-sSm∏w ISn-®p-ap-dn-°bpw

tImt[\ Poh-s\bpw am\hpw lcn-°bpwCXym-Zn-bp≈ alm-]m-]-Im-cWw Pnlz

kØp-°ƒ°n-sXm-°th ]Xy-£-kn-≤-at√mCsX√mw hntijn®p \ctI ImWm-Ip∂p 90

AXn-tIm-]-hp-a-Xn-tesd ]Im-in-°p∂pAXy¿∞w \nµ-hm-°p-tI-´-h¿ ]I-hoƒhm≥

D]m-b-an-s√-¶ntem k¶Sw sNdp-X√tIm]sØ km[n-∏m-\m-sb-s¥√mw ian-°p∂p

Akm-≤y-sa-∂p-h-∂m¬ kln-®p-Iq-Sp-htXmAk-Zzm-°p-Iƒ \nXyw \nµ-hn-tcm-t[m-‡n-Iƒ

`¿’-\-ßfpw im]-cq-]-]m-cp-jy-ßfpw`¿’\ßfpw tI´p \c-I-hm-kn-sshcw

kmam-\y-a-√-Ip[m ]Icw hoƒhm-\p-≈n¬kza-\-kv]r-l-]q≠p km≤y-a-s√-∂p-h-∂m¬ 95

tlXp\m tIm]wsIm≠p hnh-i-amb Iq´wAXy¥w Ip≤n-°p∂p Ip≤n®p aq¿—n-°p∂p

P\In XmX-∑mcpw ]pX-∑m-cm-bp-t≈mcpwAt\ym-\y-ap≈ tZzj-hm-°p-Iƒ tIƒ°m-htXm

\ns∂ Rm\p-ev]m-Zn®p Xh-Im-c-W-an\n ˛°Xy-¥Zp:Jwh∂p Zpjv]p-X-tJ-Zn-°\o



\µ-\-\√ a a \o ZpjvS-k¿∏w-Xs∂\n∂psS hnjw-Xo≠n Rmt\sd he-bp∂p

tZmj-Øn¬ hogvhm≥tlXp \c-I-Z-l-\-Øn¬DjvWn-∏m≥ Imc-Whpw \obmbn Zpcm-flmth 100

Xh kma¿∞ym¿∞-am-b\y kzw lcn-®p-Rm≥Chn-sS-b-Xn≥ em`w Rm\-\p-`-hn-°p∂p

Zp¿Ωm¿tK \S∂-t∏mƒ \ns∂-»n-£n-°msX I˛≠mtam-Z-tØm-Sp-IqsS sskzc-ambv \S-Øn-tb≥

XXvIm-c-tW\ kZm Rm\nl Zp:Jn°p-t∂≥\oIqsS £an-°pI apSnI Zln-°pI

CØcw ]nXr-hm-Iy-am-fl-P≥ tIƒ°p-t∂cwDØ-c-an-Xp-t]mse ]dbpw Xy‡-]nbw

aa P\-\-Xmcw Zp¿∂n-an-Ø-e-£Ww`oaamw [qa-tIXp tim`ns®∂tX th≠p 105

Rm≥ ]nd-∂-cn-jvShpw Imcm-Kr-l-ambv \q\w\ns∂ Rm≥ XmX-\maw hnfn®p Zn\-Imew

FX-bp-an-cp-´p≈ cmXn-bmbv®a-bpI\n≥XpWvUw Z¿in-∏m-\m-bn-\n°p ]Im-in®

shfn-hp-am-Zn-Xy\pw \in° `kva-amIemfn® \ns‚ hm°p ]nim-Nn≥ hymPwt]mse

NXn®p ip`-sa-√m-an-\n-°m-h-ln-®Xp\o X\-bs\ hnfn-s®-s∂-°-≠-Xp-Imew

\oXn-am≥ k¿th-iz-c≥ \ap-°p-]-am-Wn®\oXn-\ym-b-th-ZsØ \o Kln-∏n-®n√ amw 110Fs∂ \o Kln-∏n-®m¬ Rm≥ Kln-®n-√-sb-¶n¬\ns∂-°-ev]n®p aa XmX-\mbv Zbm-]-c≥

]Wbw Xy‡zm aa k¿hmwKw apdn-®n´p]mW-s\-°-f-™p-S≥ kaptZ XmgvØn-sb-¶n¬

Cßn-\n-°-]-P-b-sa-¶nepw ]c-temtIawK-e-an-\n°p \o hcp-Øn-sb∂pw hcpw

F∂p≈ ip`-_p≤n \n\-°p-≠m-bn-√s√mFs∂ ZpjvIrXw sNbvX-t∏mtf \o in£n-®n√m

t_m[n-∏n-®n√ Xkvam¬ Rm≥ KpW-a-dn-™n√h¿≤n®p aa tZmjw Zp¿K-Xym-[nbpw ]ns∂

]m]n-sb-b-Xn≥^ew ckn-®o-SpI \nXywA]-c≤ \o kZm NqSn-\m¬ \in-°pI 116

Imc-W¿ ]pX-∑m-cp-ao-hÆw ]d-bp-tºmƒAcn-I-fm-bp-≈-h-sc-s¥√mw ]d-™oSpw

CØ-c-ap≈ tZzj-hm-°p-Iƒ tIƒ°p-t∂cwA¥-kvXm-]-sØ-s®m¬hm≥ kwkm-c-sam∂pwt]mcm

`mcn® `b-¶c kvX\n-X-≤z-\n-Ifpw\cIw Ipep-ßp∂ K¿÷n-X-ß-fp-anh



tIń´p I¿Æ Zp:Jta-dp∂p \nc-h[nIS-en¬ bm\-]mXw apdn™p \in-®n´p 120

t]mX-hm-l-∑m-cY Pohs\ c£m¿∞-ambv\o¥p-∂-t\-c-Øn-¶¬ tIm]n® It√m-e-Øm¬

\mi-sa-∂p-d-®p-sIm-t≠m-tcmtcm Xnc-I≠pBip-h-Xn-\m-e¥w i¶n-°-a-Xp-t]mse

\c-tI-X-∑m-cn-Sn-ap-g°w tIƒ°p-tºmtgs]cnb hnh-im-c-b-Xy¥w àn-°bpw

CSn-sb-t∏-Sn-°bpw Zp:tJ\-sIm-≈p-IbpwHSp-°-an-—n-°bpw NmImsX he-Ibpw

inc- n-∂m-izm-kamw LmW-sa-s∂mcp Zzmcwkuc-`y-an-—n-°p-t∂m-cn-µn-b-am-Ip-∂Xp 125

kpK‘w \mkn-I-I-bv°p-]n-b-am-Ip-∂-Xp-t]mseZp¿K‘ LmW-aXn Zp -l-sa-∂p-\q\w

ZznjvSamw iXp-P-\-kw-k¿K-aXn ZznjvSwZznńs‚ kmao-]y-Øn¬ hkn-∏m≥ tbmKw h∂m¬

B\p-Iq-eyhpw \oßpw sXfn-hp-ap-≠mbv hcmK‘-hm-l-bv°p -i-Xp-Zp¿K-‘-Lm-W-at√m

AXns\ \nXy-am-hm-ln-°p-∂-X-Xn-`mcwk¥-X-a-Xn≥ ckw k¥-X-tim-I-atX.

Hcp kpK-‘w-X-s∂-sb-t∏mgpw LmWn-°p-tºmƒ]cn-h¿Pyhpw tXm∂pw IkvXq-cn-sb-∂m-Inepw 130GI-Zp¿K-‘-sa-¶n¬ hnj-a-a-\p-]aw\njvIr-]-\mb \r]-\p-Øc cmPy-Øn-¶¬

]m]-im-k-\-Øn-\m-sbmcp IplcwXo¿ØpX¬]m-Xm-f-Øn¬ hoWm¬ icWw ]m]n-°n√

]øpw Zml-hp-an∞w hnhn[ k¥m-]-ßƒBbp- n≥ \mi-tØmfw £an-°p-sa-∂p- tIfn

Poh≥ t]mbo-Spw-Imew XZzmkn k¥m-]m¥wPohn-X-Ime£am ac-W-`m-Ky-ap≈p

CXymZn `bm-\I ZpjvI¿Ω c‘-ØnsekpXm-]-ß-fn¬ tijvT-samcp ZWvU-hp-ap-≠mbv 135

AXn-I-a-ßƒsIm≠p ]m]n-Iƒ acn-°p-tºmƒarX-tZ-l-ßƒ \o°n-°-f-bp-hm-\p-]m-bhpw

A\p-hm-Z-hp-a-h¿°n-√m-™n-X-Xn-\mseam\p-j-i-h-amwkw ]£-`m-K-Øn¬Øs∂

InS-∂p-]p-gp-°-bp-a-Xy¿∞w \mdp-IbpwZznjvS-K-‘-Øn≥i‡ym Poh\pt≈mcpw IqsS

tamln-®p-ho-gp-Ibpw ac-Ww-]m-]n-°bpwB tlXp-sIm≠p Poh-\p-t≈m-sc-b-hn-S-Øn¬

NØ-h¿sIm√p-sa∂p sNm√p-hm-\-h-Imiwa¿Xy-Ip-’n-X≥ Je≥ as‰mcp \c-]m-e≥ 140



\nl-¥m-]Xn I¿Øm ]m]n-Iƒ°-tK-k-c≥Aln-Xm≥]-Xn-bp≈ sshcm-Ky-Zmlw Xo¿∏m≥

]gp-Øp-No-™p-]m-Xn-b-gn™ ih-tØmSpIogn¬ tIfm-Ø-h-Æ-a-kp-k-ln-X-∑mtc

_‘n-∏n-®-h¿°Xn k¶-Sm-h-l-ambK‘-I-jvS-Øm-e¥w hcp-Øn-s°m-≈p-am-dmbv

C∂m kIr-—-sa√mw `oXn-Z-sa-∂m-InepwF∂mepw ]c-tem-IZp:JtØm-sSm-Øo-Sptam?

A\p-]-a-ß-ftX Xt√mI k¥m-]-ßƒam\tk Nn¥n®p \obm-tam-Z-hn-k-ßfpw 145

]qXn-K-‘nbpw ae]Iz-K-‘-ß-sf√mwAXn-\p-]cn hm®-\m-‰-sam-s°bpw IqsS

\c-I-Zp¿K-‘-tØm-Sp-]-an-®o-Sp-Intem[c-Wn-X-∂n¬ \mk-bv°n-jvS-t°-Sp-≈-sX√mw

FXbpw ]cn-a-f-K-‘-an-X-hn-S-Øn¬........................................ sa∂-dn -sItSm

CXn-\-c-I-]m-]n-tbI-s\-¶nepw `phn]Xy-£-am-bo-Sp-In¬ Zp¿K-‘-hn-jw-sIm≠p

\in°pw \c-P∑w P¥p-lo-\hpw hcpw]nim-Np-a-lm-hr-µ-a-kw-Jy-]m-]n-Ifpw 150K‘-I-[q-]-ßfpw hym]n-®o-Sp∂ ]qXn˛K‘n-sb-sbm-∏n-°mtam hnjbw _p≤n-°tXm

£pXv]n-]m-km-Zn-sIm≠p ck-\-£-an-°p∂phep-tX-sX-∂-X¿°-an-\nbpw Xocp-∂n√

ico-c-ap-t≈m¿Iƒ°p hnjaw c≠pw-Xs∂Cuc-≠p-a-k-ly-ßƒ hfsc t`Z-an√

£pØmepw Zml-Ømepw acn-∏m≥ hn[n-IqSpwa¿Øy-P-∑-Øn-eXn iucy-hm-s\mcp \r]≥

Hcp-h≥ _lpiXptk-\-sb-tXm-ev]n-®n´pX¿j-Øm-e-h≥tXm‰p _e-lo-\hpw h∂p 155

Aÿn-bn¬ `qX-Pew Zml-sØ-°-f-™-t∏mƒkpkvXpXy Pohn®pS≥ i‡n-bp-≠mbv h∂p.

a\p-jy-\m-bp-t≈m-cn¬ _e-hm-\n¬ hoc\mwF∂mepw tXm‰p alm-]n-]mkm ]cm-Pn-X≥

X∑qew iXp-°-fn¬ hep-Xn-sX-∂p-h∂pX≥tIm-]-_-e-ß-sf-s∏m-dp-∏m≥ alm-]Wn

apjvI-c-s\m-cp-\r-]≥ iXp-thm-sS-XrØ-t∏mƒX¿j-Øm¬ ]cn-`q-X-\m-sb∂p iXpht√m

kln-®p-Iq-Sm-sØmcp ]n]mk [cn-®-h≥Zml-Øn-∂m-izm-k-Øn-∂p-]m-b-sam-t∂-bp≈q 160

cmPy-sØ-bp-t]-£n-®m¬ Zml-Z-l-\w-t]mIpwcmPy-sØ-b-t]-£n-®m¬ Zml-Øm¬ Poh-\pwt]mw



F∂n-h-I≠p _lp-Xr-jvW-bv°m-£n-Xn-]Xnam\sØ c£n-°Ww Poh-s\-°-f-™n´pw

F∂Xp Nn¥n-®n´p Poh-s\-°-f-bp∂k¶Sw kln-bm™p Zo\\mw \c-]m-e≥

kzZmlw Xo¿∏m≥ cmP-Nn-”-ßƒ Xy‡zm P\˛]Z-\n-b-aw-sIm≠p kenew hmßn-s°m≠p

X¿j-\m-ihpw cmP-ÿm-\-\m-i-hp-ta‰pZp¿`m-Ky-tadpw enkn-am¿t°m-sk-s∂mcp `hm≥ 165

]n]m-km-\m-i-Øn-∂m-bv°-gn™ ]m\-hn[wH∏n-∏m≥ ]Wn-tbdpw aqXm-kr-°m-hn-e-ßƒ

XrƒØm-]w-sIm≠p ]m\w sNbvXp NØ-h-cp≠p`qX-ßƒs°-√m-‰n∂pw kzÿte _e-tadpw

F√m-k-¶-S-ßƒ°pw \ctI i‡n-tbdpwÿe-h-‰n-∂Xp X¬_e-a-Xn-tedpw

X¿jZp:Jß-f-Xn-ep-≈-t]m¬ ]d-bmtam?]c-k-¶-S-Z-WvU-sam-∂pta Xncn-°msX

Zmln® \mhn-\pjvWw kº-∂≥ Xncn-®p≈pZmln-®p-h-e-bp-t∂-s\∂p k¶Sw sNm√n 170Hcp-\o¿Øp-≈n-b-t]-£n-®Xn km≤y-sØmSpw\o¿Øp≈n ]n]m-k-bv°-t]-£n-Iƒ e`n-®n√

Pohn-X-Imte X\n-°p-≠mb [\-[m\yw]¿h-tXm-¤h cXv\-kz¿Æm-Zn-k-º-sØ√mw

Hcn-°¬ IpSn-∏m-\mbv sImSp-∏m-\n-—n-°nepw\o¿Øp-≈n-sbm∂pw In´m kZm Zmln-t°-bp≈q

sImSp-Øn-√∂p ]m]n-b-Xn-\m¬ \n\-°n-t∏mƒHSp-°-a‰ Zml-£p-Øm]w Iev]n-®nXp

Pnlz-k-¶-S-tØmSp Zmln°pw kZm-ImewZml-kw-K-a-am-b-£p-Øm-]-a-t[m-temtI 175

]pjvS-sa-Xbpw \c-hm-°n-∂-]-cn-tOZywZpjvS-sc-Øm-Un-∏m-\mbv k¿thiIi-bXp

Bab `b¶c thZ-\m-h-l-Xm\pwCu a\p-Ip-e-anh kln-∏m≥ hi-amtam?

Jw `qay-·y-s∏-∂nh `qX-ßƒ \mep-sIm≠p\n¿ΩnXw \c-tZlw `uXn-I-am-Ip-∂Xp

aq∂p`q-X-ßƒ°·n t]mj-W-ap-≠m-tIWwA·n°p Zln-∏n-∏m≥ km[\w thWwXm\pw

As√-¶n¬ tIm]-tØmSp kzÿew Zln-∏n-∏m≥_e-hm-s\m-cp-sºSpw `£Ww sshIo-Sp-tºmƒ 180

h¿≤n-°p-a-Xn-∂pjvWw ico-c-k-¥m-]hpwXZ-\p-tLm-c-XojvWw am\p-j¿ s]mdp-°m-™m¬

ZznjvS-`-£-W-amip `£n°pw aSn-bmsXIjvS-k-lnXw ka-dnbm ]qcn-Xp-I≠p



iXp-°ƒ ]S-tbmSp \K-cw-h-f-™msdXX-hm-kn-I-fmb temIcpw he-™p-S≥

B almtemI¿°-t∏mƒ `£-W-hn-j-bamwXo≥ apó-´p-S-\iz Jc kmc-ta-b-ßƒ

Bibm`p-Pn-®-h-cn-Ø-c-ap≈ amwkwAin-∏m≥ hne-\evIn-s°m≠p kp£q-Xn-X-∑m¿ 185

K¿±-`-io¿jw sh≈n-sb¨]Xp Imip-\evIn]c-h-i-X-tbm-Sp-Iq-Sn-s°m-≈p-am-dmbn

AXp-sam-Sp-ßp-t∂cw t]m¿apń `mk-hnjvTwA¿∞-\n-baw sNbvXp-hm-ßn-bi \Øn-\mbv

tZh-am-c-W-aqew bqZsc in£n-∏m-\mbvk¿th-i≥ ]™-sa∂ ZWvU-a-b-®p-sht√m

as‰√mtZmj-ß-fn¬ tijvT-am-Ip-∂-]m]wG‰hpw imkn-∏m-\mbv ]™-sØ-°-ev]n-®-t∏mƒ

ùay-Ir-—-Øn-enXp k¶-S-sa-∂p-h∂p`qa¿Øy-Xm-Ww-sNbvXp Icp-Wm-\n-[n-tZ-h≥ 190D]-cn-temIw ]m]n-®o-Sp-hm-s\-gp-∂≈n\mev]Xp-kw-h-’cw Ign-t™m-c-\-¥cw

LmX-I-bq-Z-Ipew apSn-hm≥ Imew-h∂pDØ-c-Zn-°n-ev]-S-t°m-∏p-I-sfm-s°-°qń

]rX-\-tbm-Sp-IqsS tk\m-\m-b-I-\mbXotØm-sk-s∂mcp \c-t]m-Ø-a≥ ]pd-s∏´p

apSn™p k¿h-cmPyw sh∂n-´p-]p-c-ßfpw]S-ò-Xnbpw ]q≠-hm-kn-I-sfm-tdm-iew

]kn-≤-]p-c-Øn-¶¬ icWw \ncq-]n®pAkw-Jy-P\w IqSn-\n-d-™p-cm-P-[m\n 195

hf-™p-bqZ P∑-hn-\m-i-a-Sp-Ø-\mƒhfsc he-bp∂ am\p-j-kw-Jy-sbmSpw

HsØmcp ZWvU-kw-Jyw, kwJy-bp-s≠-∂m-IntemAXy¥ \c-KWw `£-W-ap-≠m-°p-hm≥

Gdn-b-t¢-i-Ømepw km≤y-a-s√∂p h∂p]pd-Øp-a-I-Ønepw iXp-°-sfm-cp-t]mse

]pd-Øp-]-S-b-I-sØ-Xbpw alm-]™w\n¿K-an-°p-In-eY \n¿Æ-b-a-h-km\w

Icp-tWm-X-\-sbmSp h[n°pw ssk\y-P\w]m¿°p-In¬ ]™w-sIm≠p \mi-sa-∂-Xpw-kn≤w 200

ac-Wm-Kaw aµ-sa∂ t`Z-ta-bp≈qkI-e-P-¥p-°ƒ°pw Poh-c-£m¿∞-sa√mw

k¶Sw s]mdp-∏-Xn-∂n√ ktµ-l-sam∂pwF∂mepw IØp-∂-·n-°-i-\-ap-≠m-IWw



F¶ntem arK-ß-sf-s°m-√-W-sa-∂p-h∂p]ip-°-f-iz-ßfpw ]q®-I-sf-en-Ifpw

Ain-∏m-\n-Xym-Zn-Iƒ `£W hnj-b-ambvIp]q-b-`-£y-sa-¶nev]n-s∂-bm-bXpw ap´n

As∏m-tg-N-tØmcpsS \mdp∂ ih-ßsfapdn-®p-th-hn-°-bp-am-ibm `£n-°bpw 205

Ad-®o-Sp-hm≥ tbmKyw ZpjvIr-X-ß-fn¬ ZpjvSwamXr-°ƒ ]pX-∑msc h[n®p apdn-°bpwXXv amwksØ Np´p-Xn-¶bpw i¶n-°msXa¿Øy-i-h-ßƒ Xnt∂m¿ hymL-kz-`m-hn-I-fmbv

]pXsc `£n-®-h¿ P¥p-°-fm-Ip-t∂mtcmtNtXm\m arK-tØ-°mƒ ZpjvS-cm-sb-∂p-h∂p

k¶-S-Imte kzI-]p-X-sc-°m-Wpt∂cwk¥m-]-Øn-¶¬ kpJ-a-Xn-\m¬ ZpjvS-cm-sb-∂p-h∂p

]nXm-hp-I-gn-bp-tºmƒ kqX-s\-s°m-≠p-Xs‚k¥Xn h¿≤n-®oSpw \mahpw tijn-®oSpw 210

A¥:Inb-Iƒ Ign-®o-Sp-hm≥ ]pX≥thWw]mXnbpw P\-I\p ]pX-s\-∂-dn-bWw

am\p-j-s\-∂m-Intem ZpjvS-\m-bn-cn-°nepwX∂p-sS-bwiw h[n-®o-Sp-hm≥ tXm∂o-Sptam

a\pjy P∑n-I-fn-X-d-bv°p-sam-cp-t]mseA\p-]m-b-ß-fmb Zp:Jßƒ sNøn-°nte

am\p-j-I-jvS-anXp sNbvXp-sh-∂-Xp- hcq£pØn-l-tem-I-Øn-¶-en-ßs\ Ip≤n-®-t∏mƒ

£pØm]w \c-I-Øn-se-X-sb-s∂m-∏n-°mtam?Ah\n ]øp-Zmlw hep-Xm-bn-cn-°nepw 215

Ah-[n-bm-bp-≈-Xn-∂p-]mbw Nne-Xp≠mwC√m-™m¬ Iptd-Zn\w sIm≠Xp Ign-™oSpw

F√m-\mƒ ]m]n-°q´whni∂p £an-®oSpwImew-sIm-s≠mcp XWp-s∏m-∂n-\m-ep-≠mbv hcm

he-bp-sam-Sp-ßmsX Zp:Jn°p-sa-√m-\mfpw`mc-km-[-\-ß-fn¬ tijvTXzw `qan-t°dpw

Xzc-bm-bp-≈-Xnepw tijvTXzwhmbp-hn∂pkq£va-am-bp-≈-Xnepw tijvTXzw thyma-Øn∂p

lna-bp-≈-h-‰nepw tijvTXzw Pe-Øn∂pXm]m-h-l-ß-fnepw tijvTXzw Zl-\\p 220

h]p- n≥ Zp:Jß-fn¬ tijvT-Xz-ap-jvW-Øn∂p_lp-k-¶-S-sa√mw hntcm-[-sa-∂m-Inepw

Zl\ Ir—-a-Xn-e-Xy¿∞w `bm-\IwAev]-Im-e-Øp-aXp kln-∏m≥ hi-an√



£pev]n-]m-km-Zn-Isf £an°pw em`m¿∞-ambv]e-Z-WvU-ßƒ ]p\-c¿∞sØ c£n-∏m\pw

`qtem-I-km-a¿∞y-ßƒ e`n-∏m≥ £W-ImtePze-\-k-¥m-]-ßƒ £an-∏m-\m-cp-an√

Hcp-Ø-\¿∞ XrjvW-]q-≠Xn N]-e-\mbv]c-Z-hy-ß-tf‰w lcn®p kwt£-]n®p 225

ac-W-Imte ]m]n-Xs∂°s≠mcp ap\nZpcn-X-I¿Ωw ipXzm ]m]n-sb-t_m-[n-∏n-®m≥

A\ym¿∞-kw-t£-]Ww X∂p-sS-Ip-e-\miwA\ym-b-Z-hyw-sIm≠p awK-ew-hcm \q\w

A\ym-bm¿÷nXw Zhyw X∂ym-bm¬ hn\-iyXnZp¿\ym-b-K-X-sa√mw k∂ym-bm-e-gn-™pt]mw

]¿h-X-P-ew-t]mse thtK\ s]mbvt]m-boSpw]ckzw £W-]-`m-kz-ev]hpw ]Im-in°pw

]cm¿∞-em`w \nXy-\-cI Zp:JIr—wAc-an-sXm-Sp-ßoSm tJZn°pw \nc-h[n 230

£W-Øn¬ Ign-bp∂ Zhy-ßƒ Iq´p-hm-\mbvKpW-ti-jvTamw tam£w XyPn-°p-∂-h≥ aqV≥

ac-W-a-Sp-Øn-t∏m-gm-flmsh c£n-°Ww]c-am¿∞-ap-S-b-h¿°p-St\ sImSp-°Ww

As√-¶n¬ \nXy-\miw \n›bsa∂p ap\nsNm√nXp Zhy-tem` N]-e-]m-]n-tI´p

sNm∂-X-\p-jvTn-∏m-\mbv am\-k-an-√m-Xm\pwA\ym¿∞w sImSp-°p-tºmfmflP \nkzw hcpw

ZmcnZywsIm≠p ]pX-k-¶Sw `hn-°p-tºmƒacn-∏m-\-\p-Iqew ]nXm-hn-\p-≠mbv hcm 235

C®n¥ ap\n-I≠p ]ns∂-bp-ap-c-sNbvXp;\n›b Zp:J`-b-am-fl-P-]nbw \o°n

DØ-c-kvt\-l-a-h¿°p-s≠-∂p-a-dn -bWwAsX-¶n¬ Xh kvt\l-`m-P-\-sat∂ hcqt]a-an-√m-bvIn¬ ]nb-tbm-Ky-an-s√∂p \q\wF¶ntem \ns∂-]Xn ]pX-∑m¿ £W-Imte

Zo]-Pzm-temjvWw £an-®o-Sp-In-e¿∞-sa√mwcq]y-ß-sfbpw \¬Im-as√-¶n¬ sImSp-t°≠

Ah-a-tem-I-Xm]w £an-∏m-\p-d-bv°p-tºmƒAh¿°p \ns∂ ]Xn-bp≈ Iq‰n-bWw 240

k¬KpW-\n-[n-bnXp ]d-™p-t]m-b-tijwtcmKnbmw ]nXm-hp-Xm≥ hcpØn ]pX-∑msc

aa cXv\-ß-fmb a°tf ]nXmhpRm≥Babw sIm≠p he-™-Xy¥w £an-°p∂p



\nß-sf-÷-\n-∏n®p s]mdp-∏m-\p-≈-sXms°C∂n-ßp-Iq´n \nßƒ kpJn-®o-SptI th≠q

F∂mepw aa ZWvUw s]mdp-∏m-s\m∂p thWwC∂p Zo]-Øn¬ hnc¬ NqS-W-sam-cp-£Ww

AXn-\m¬ aa hym[n-°m-izm-k-ap-≠mbv hcpwCsXs∂]Xn \nß-fm-fl-P-∑mtc thWw 245

AXn\p kΩm-\hpw Xcp-th-\¿∞-sa√mwCX-Iq-dn-√m-bvIntem \evIp-hm≥ aSn-bmIpw

]nXm-sh-∂p≈ Iqdp-s≠-¶ntem sNbvXo-Sp-hn≥XmX≥ ]d-™-hm°p ]pX-∑m¿ tI´-tijw

Imemev]w Nn¥n-®-h¿ tIm∏n-´p-Xp-S-ßn-\m¿Im¬£-W-t\cw t]mepw km[y-a-s√-∂p-I≠p

At∂cw ]nXm-hp-Xm≥ \c-Im-·nsb [cn˛®map\n ]d-™-t]m¬ thK-tØmS\pjvTn-®m≥

atµm-jvW-at√m Zo]-Pzm-temjvWw Xn‹-sa√mwF∂mepw £W-Imew £an-®p-Iq-Sp-∂n√ 250`qa-tlm-jvW-ß-sf√mw IqS-°q-´p-tI-th≠q`qay·n ioXw-Xs∂ \c-Im-·n-bp-a·n

I≠nXp ap\n-ti-jvT-s\-Xbpw hnjm-Zn®pXn‹-an-X-\p-]-sa-∂p-d-®Xp I≠p

hniz-kvX-cm-bp-t≈m-cn-sem-cp-Ø≥ acn-®n´p\mi-an-√mØ Poh≥ ]n∂bpw ]Xy-£-ambv

A°mew ap\n-h-c≥ tNmZn-®p- `-b-tØm-sS:˛“tX I¿Ω-^-e-ta-Xp, kpJtam k¥m-]tam?

`mKy-Øn≥ tijvT-tam£w ]m]n-∏m≥ tbmK-apt≠m?Zp¿§-Xn-b-I-s∏´p k¶Sw `hn-®ntXm? 255“F∂psS ]m]w-sIm≠p \c-I-K-X-]m]nA\-¥-amb Xobn-se-Xbpw Zln-°p-t∂≥”sNm∂nXp NØ-k-Jn, ap\n-bp-ap-c-sNbvXp:˛“A·n\m `qXZp:Ja-Xy¿∞ `ri-atXm

k¥-]vX-\mb Xh k¶-S-a-dn-h-Xn˛s\s¥mcp Ign-hq-≈q-”sh-∂nXp ]d-™n´p

B acn-®-h≥ Pew \nd™ ]mXwX∂n¬ssIap°n Zo]-a-Xn-en-Sp-hm-\p-c-sNbvXp

sNbvXnXp ap\n-h-c-t\m-Sp≈ Zo]-aYAtØmbw sXm´-t\-c-ap-cpIn sagp-Ip-t]m¬ 260

k÷-\-sam-cp-ap\n arXs\ Pohn-∏n-®n˛´n÷o-h≥ Zp:JtØm-sS-sb-s∏mgpw Ic-bp∂p

I≠nXp ap\n-h-c≥ Im-cWw tNmZn-®-t∏mƒIÆo¿ hogvØn-s°m≠p ]Xn-hm-Iy-sØ-s®m-∂m≥

ZrjvSZp:Jß-fpsS kvac-W-a-Xn-∑qewsIm≠nXp `b-¶cw Zp¿§-Xy-·p-jvW-satSm



`qan-bn-e-·n-Xm]w aq∂p kl-k-h¿jw£an-®m-e-Xn¬∏-csam-c-tlm-cm-X-Imew

\c-I-k-¥m-]-Øn¬ £an°pw Xm]-tadpw\n¿Æ-b-sa∂p sNm√n-∏n-s∂bpw Ic-bp∂p 265

C∞-am-bp≈ h”n-b-t[m-`p-h-\-Øn-¶¬k]vX-k-l-k-h¿j-a-\niw Pzen-°p∂p

DjvW-\n-¿K-a-an√ h”n-bm-ep-≠m-Ip∂Xo£-W-ß-sfm-s°-°q-S-°q-Sp∂p \nc-¥cw

kZ-\-anXp \ap-°-Xy¿∞ `b-Krlw]mZ-hp-ap-Z-chpw lrZbw Ic-ßfpw

Pnlzbpw It]m-ehpw c≠p \b-\-ßfpwZln®p Xn‹w sIm≠p \nbXw £an-°p∂p

c‡hpw Xe-t®mdpw ss\h-e-b-ÿn-kmcw]nØw t«jvahpw kZm Dcp-In-Øn-f-bv°p∂p 270BImti iIp-¥-ßƒ aXvky-ßƒ kap-Z-Øn¬Xo°-\-e-·n-bn¬t]m¬ ]m]n \c-Im-·n-bn¬

k¥Xw he-bp∂p IØp∂p Zln-°p∂pX]vX-hm-]n-I-f-Xn-se-s∏mgpw tJZn-°p∂p

A·n-bm-Im-i-a-h¿°-·nsb izkn-°p∂p]m\o-b-a-h¿°-·n,-b-·nsb IpSn-°p∂p

Xob-h¿°-Xp-Xs∂ NpSp∂p `b¶cw£vamb-h¿°-·n-b-Xn-se-s∏m-gp-an-cn-°p∂p

A·n-i-b-\-a-Xn-se-s∏mgpw InS-°p∂pXo\-·n-b-h¿°Xp k¥Xw `hn-°p∂p 275

izkn-®m-sem-cm-izm-k-an√ \nizm-k-ap≈phkn-∏m-\nSw t]mcm Xnßo´p he-bp∂p

IpSn-®m¬ `£n-®mepw ]øpw Zmlhpw XocmInS-∂m-e-\p-Iq-e-an√ k¶-S-ap≈p

IØp-s∂-¶nepw `kva-am-Ip-hm≥ `mKy-an√k¥Xw \in°p∂p \mi-Øn¬ Pohn-°p∂p

CXymZn Zp:Jw k¿h-]m-]n-Iƒ kln-°p∂pIrX-hn-ti-j-Øn\p hnti-j-ap≈ Ir—w

\ctI hnti-jn®p I¬∏n®p ]cm-]-c≥[cWn ÿe-Øn-¶¬ ka¿∞-c-h¿Xs∂ 280

tij-ap-≈-h¿Isf \nµn®p \nK-fn®ptijvT-Xz-a-h¿°p-≈p-sh-∂p≈ `mh-sØmSpw

kzKpWw ]iw-kn®p apJy-cmbv \S-∂-h¿BKkm \nµ-hm°pw Nhn-´p-a-Sn-Ifpw

Alw-Ir-Xn-sb-s°m≠p £an°pw kZm-ImewAl-¶m-cym-tK-k-c≥ _ep-kp-sh∂ ]m]n

kzKpWw Nn¥n-®n´p k¿thi \nµ-sbmSpw\n¿Kp-W-\n[n tZh-I¬∏\ hgßmsX



k¿h-h-kvXp-°-sf-°mƒ ]m[m\yw `mhn-®-h≥K¿h-Zp- zm-Zp-^-e-an-°mew ckn-°p∂p 285

\ctI ][m-\n-bmbv \nc-¥Zp:Jß-fn¬h”nbmw knwlm-kt\ hmgp∂p tijvT-]m]n

\nµy-cn¬ apJy≥ apJy-Xm-]-ßƒ s]mdp-°p∂p][m-\-Im-a-an-t∏m-tf-Xpta Ipd-™n√

][m-\m-`n-]m-bhpw Zp:Jh¿≤\w Xm\pwAh-t\m-f-hp-an-t∏mƒ ]i-kvX-\m-cp-an√

Ahs\ hg-ß-W-sa-√m-cp-sa∂p `mhw[cn®p tNX-t msS k¥Xw ]oUn-°p∂p

hncq-]n, ZpjvS≥, im]-hn-j-b≥, Zp¿`m-Ky-hm≥A[-a-s\-√m-cnepw tZjy-\p-sa-√m-cnepw 290A[-ÿn-X\pw \nµm-`m-P\w \nIrjv\pwA¥-c-lnX Xm]w-sIm-≠n-h≥ tJZn-°p∂p

A¿∞-Xr-jvW-Iƒ Xo¿∏m-\-\ym-b-I¿Ωw sNbvXp\oXn-sb-∂ntb ]c-Z-hysØ lcn-®-h¿

AXy-¥-Zo-\-∑m-cmbv \ctI £an-°p∂paam¿∞m-Klw sIm≠p hn‰p Rm≥ k¿th-is\

kpaqV hWn-°-‘-tem-N-\≥ alm-]m]n`oXn-Z-amb Dcpƒta-en-t∏mƒ \njvIr-]bm

iXp-°-f-Xn¬s°-´n-sbs∂ ZpjvI-an-°p∂pDcp-fp-cp-fpt∂cw lm! Zp:J`m-c-sas∂ 295

\c-I-K-W-sams° am¥p∂p `b-¶cwCu h´-Øn-t∑¬ \nXyw InS∂p £an-°p-t∂≥

Cuh-Æ-a-h-cpsS tIm]-`m-P-\-ambnA\y-k-¶-S-ß-fn¬ Imcp-Wy-lo-\-P\w

am\pj \nkz-k-lm-b-Øn∂p \njvIr-]cpwCt∏mgp-a¿∞m-Klw ]q≠-h¿ Zp:Jn°p∂p

Xm]-Øn-e-\p-Klw I≠-h¿ [cn-®n´pklmbw thW-sa∂pta‰-a-t]-£n-°p∂p

Aln-X-`m-h-tØmSp tij-ap-≈-h¿IfpwA\y-th-Z-\-I≠p kt¥mjw ]q≠-t]mse 300

a\kn `b-`m-h-sam-´pta [cn-°msXAh-sc-∏-cn-`m-jn-®-Xy¿∞w lkn-°p∂p

`ph-\-]p-c-Ønse kma¿∞yw I≠p-I≠pkz\nkzw Xocp-hm-\mbXy¿∞-ap-≠m-t°Ww

F∂p≈ at\m-cYw [cn-®o-Sp∂p hrYm\njv^-e-sa-∂p-I≠p tIm]n®p Ip≤n-°p∂p

ZpjvSm-i-]q≠p Ima-Nm-cn-I-fm-bp-≈-h¿AIm-a-km-[-\-ßƒ ]m]n®p he-bp∂p

Iman®p ]ng-®-h¿ tZzjn®p £an-°p∂pamwk-c-k-ßƒ km[n-®o-Sp-hm≥ t¢in-®-h¿ 305



amwk-Ir-—-ß-fn-t∏mƒ ]m]n®p ]oUn-°p∂pB ck-kp-J-ßƒ°n-Xp-Ø-c-^e em`w

kv]¿i-ar-ZpXzah¿°n-—-bm-sb-∂-aqewITn-\-Iq-S-Øn-t∑-tem-tcmtcm ico-cmwKw

ITn-\-]n-im-Np-°ƒ k¥-X-a-Sn-°p∂p]c-kvXo-Km-an-P\w IØp∂ Nqf-X-∂n¬

k¿∏-ß-fpsS kpZzn-jvSm-t«jw ISn-IfpwkpZ-WvU-tØm-Sp-IqsS \nbXw s]mdp-°p∂p

tkmZpa ]pc-hmk Zp¿÷\w Zln-®n´pK‘-I-h-”n-h¿jw ]q¿h-\m-i-Im-cWw 310

ZKv[sc Zln-∏n-∏m-\n-s∏mgpw h¿jn-°p∂pCXym-Zn-cmKw sIm≠p- tam-l-c-k-ßƒ Ign-™p-t]mbv

ZWvU-em-`-ß-sf√mw Ime-Øm-sem-Sp-ßoSmZp:J`m-P-\-an-t∏mƒ taml-]m-Xmw-K-sa√mw

kpJ-kv]¿iØn¬]cw Zp:Jkv]¿i-\-tadpwAt\yjmw lnX-Øn-¶-eo¿jy-]q≠p tNX-t m˛

S\y-aw-K-ew-sIm≠p X]n® ZpjvS-P\wss]iq-\yw-sIm≠p \nXy-Zo-\-cm-bn-cn-°p∂p 315

hn[n-X-a-h¿I-fn¬ Ipl-c-a-ln-Iƒ°mbvk‘n-Iƒ N¶p-ap≈pw k¿∏-ßƒ apdn-°p∂p

am\p-j-tPy-jvT≥ \nP-]q-P-Iƒ ssIs°m-≈msX`mXm-hn-\¿Ny-tZ-h≥ Z-bbm Xr°¨]m¿Ø

tlXp\m tcmj-tØmSp ss]iq-\y-N-]-e-\mbv`mXrL im]-ta‰p kpJ-c-l-Xn-\-h≥

DØ-cm-\p-P-kpJw It≠‰w X]n-°p∂pIc-fn-°mew Iqc-k¿∏-ßƒ Ic-fp∂p

Icfpw \mi-Øn\p k¥Xw h¿≤n-°p∂p\oN-km-c-tabw t]meuZm-cn-I∑mcn-t∏mƒ 320

hni-∂q-Zm-ln-°p∂p sh¥p-sh-¥p-cp-InbK‘Iw sNs©-eyhpw `£-W-a-h¿°mbn

F∂-Xp-sIm≠p £pØp h¿≤n-t°-bp-≈q-Xm\pwtIm]-Im-cWw sIm≠ \nXy-\m-c-I-hmkw

]m]n® NWvU-KWw Ip≤n-®-izm-°ƒ bYmAt\ym\yw ISn-°bpw Xbv°bpw `b-¶cw

aµ-cp-Ω-Sn-b-cp-a-\p-jvW-∑mcpw ]ns∂aq¿®-tb-dnb _lp-kq-Nn-I-fm-Wn-Ifpw

[cn® ]cy-¶-Øn¬ InS∂p Ic-bp∂pssZthm\ _“m-hnjvWp inhm-Zn-]n-im-Np-°ƒ 325



Ah\ a\-t m-S-\p-k-cn® aqV-hPw`m¥-∑m-sc-∂-t]mse XpS-cn¬ _≤-∑m-cmbv

k¥m-]-kv]¿iw-sIm≠p kss±-h-a-dn-™Xn\njvTp-c-]n-im-Np-°ƒ hcpØpw kptXm-Z-Øm¬

tijvT-ssZ-h-sØ-°q-∏n-bm-cm-[n-°p∂p kZmamwkZp:Jß-fn-t∏mƒ kz¬∏w tIƒ∏n-t®-\lw

Bfl-ip-°p-Iƒ sNm¬hm≥ ]mS-h-ap-≠m-Iptam]cn-tO-tZm-\-anXp sNm√p-hm≥ ]Wn-tbdpw

[cn-®p-sIm-≈p-hm\pw ]b-Xv\-a-∆-Æta]q¿h-Øn-semcp h\-hmkn Kan-°p-t∂cw 330acn-®-h-s‚-bÿn Nhn-´n-b-dn-bm-sXDS-s\-b-tøm-sb∂p Zp:Jtcm-Z-\-kzcw

tI´-t∏mƒ hnjm-Zn®p X]kzn ÿnXn-sNbvXp‘Bcnl Ic-bp∂p’ sh∂Xp tNmZn-®msd

‘\c-I-K-X-\l’ sas∂m-cp-Ø-c-ap-≠mbvCXp-tI-´p-S≥ \ns‚ Zp¿`mKy-Øns‚ aqew

GsX∂pw ‘Zp¿K-Xym-[n-sb-ß-s\’ -sb-∂p-anhXm]-k≥ tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ, NØ-h≥ sNm∂m-\p-S≥

“ta ]m]w aa Zp:Jtl-Xp-sh-∂-dn-™mepwss`c-h-Xm]w \nXy-ta-sX∂p sNm∂p-IqSm 335

icocZp:JaXn `mc-sa-∂n-cn-°nepwBfl-k-¶Sw alm-`m-c-sa-∂-dn-sItSm

X∑-l-XzsØ sNm¬hm≥ alm-hn-j-a-amIpwtZl-ap-≈-h¿Iƒ°p-an-Xns‚ ]Im-c-ßƒ

Kln-®p-Iq-Sm-sb-∂m-em-flZp:Jßƒ Zp:JwtZl-Xm-]-ß-f-Xn-t\msSm´psam-∏-a√

al-Xz-an-X-sb-∂p-a-f-hn-e-S-ßoSmkXy-an-∏-d-™-hm-°m-fl- k-¶-S-hn[w

AXp `qhm-kn-Iƒ°p -[-cn-∏m≥ ]Wn-XptemwtZl-tØm-Sm-flm-shm-∂n-®n-cn°pw Ime-ß-fn¬ 340

tZl-Z-WvU-ßƒsIm≠ptZlnbpw tJZn-®oSpwF∂mepw kzIZp:Ja-X√ ]c-ap≈p

A\yZp:Jhp-ap≠p kzm[nbpw \c-I-Øn¬A\yZp:Jßƒ tZl-I-jvS-Ir-—-ß-sf√mw

at\m-th-Z\ _lp-]o-U-Iƒ kzI-`mcw[okva-c-Whpw ]ns∂ a\- p-anXn aq∂pw

imkvX-Øn¬ kn≤w-t]mse hi-am-flm-hn-\p≠vCsXms° ]m]n-Iƒ°p ]oUm-h-l-ta-bp≈p

AXo-X-h-kvXp-°sf Z¿in-∏m-\p≈ t\Xwkvac-W-h-i-sa∂p imkvXn-Iƒ sNm√o-Sp∂p 345



\c-I-KWw hyYm-hn-j-b-an-Xp-sIm≠pI≠Xn Xoh-_m[ [cn-®p-tJ-Zn-®oSpw

]Wbw `mKy-ßfpw ]p©n-cn-∏p-Xp-abpweoe-Iƒ t`mK-ßfpw \¿Ø-\-Km-\-ßfpw

`qtemI-ip-`-sa√mw Ign-™-Xn-Im-¥-ambnsNbvX Zpcn-X-^-e-sam-∂pta Ign-bmsX

\nXy-a-\p-`-hn-°p-sa-∂nh kvacn-°p∂pZ¿i-\-am-flm-hn∂p _p≤n XZvhrØn-aq∂pw

[mcWw ]cn-tOZw tbmP-\-an-Xn-ipXwaq∂n-\m-e-\p-Xm-]-Im-cWw ]m]n-°p≈p 350F∂p-sam-Sp-ßn-SmØ k¶-S-`-h-\hpw]p\-c-]m-]y-amb KpW-Xym-K-hpw -]ns∂

A\-L-Kp-W-tØmSp k¥-X-hn-tcm-[hpwA\m-Znim]-]-cn-K-lhpw Zp¿`m-Kyhpw

F∂n-h-‰n-\p-aq-e-a-km-c-em-`-atXX\-Xp-Im-e-Øn¬ Igns™Xbpw hn¿Py-t`mKw

F∂nXn[cn-®n´p ]cn-tO-Zn-°p-aYsskzcoi hn[n-h-im¬ tJZn-∏≥ tbmKw h∂p

\c-IZp:Jß-sf√mw `hn®p kZm-ImewA¥-c-an-Xn-\n√ IqS-ÿ-hn-[n-bnXp 355

]m]vX-t`m-K-ß-sf√mw Ign™p eh-Imtee_v[-kp-J-ß-sf-√m-aXn Zqjy-ß-ft√m

Xt≤Xp Xy‡-Kp-W-a-\m-Zy-\-¥≥ Xs∂aa-t`m-jXzw sIm≠p \nb-a-an-Xp-h∂p

awK-em-_v[nsb ckn-®-Pkw kpJn-∏m-\mbvFs∂-°m-cp-Wy-tØmSp krjvSn® k¿th-iz-c≥

A¥:IcWw aa I¬]n®p \nP-KpWwawK-e-]q¿Ww aa e£y-sa-∂-dn-bmsX

`m¥-\-kmcsØ Rm≥ tkhn-®-sXX IjvSw!DØ-a-Zmlw Xo¿∏m\_v[nb-t\z-jn-°msX 360

\o¿Øp-≈n-Ip-Sn-∏m-\mbv t¢in®p \S∂p Rm≥CXn-t∏mƒ Ign™Xmbv a‰Xpan\n hcm

k¥-Xw £an-∏m\pw k¥Xw he-hm\pwk¥Xw tJZn-∏m\pw tbmK-an-∂n-\n-°p≈p

k¥-X-an-sX-¥p-≈p-shX Ime-ß-fnXpkl-k-h¿j-atXm iX-k-l-kw -t]mcm

kl-k-I-ev]-h¿jw k¥-X-Im-e-atXmk¥-X-a-Xn-te-dp-sa-∂pta Ign-™nSm

CXn-t∏mƒ XpS-ßn-tbm-sb-t∏mgpw XpS-ßp∂pAXo-X-a-Xn-\n√ h¿Ø-am-\-ta-bp≈q 365



CsX√mw Ipd-bmsX apgp-h≥ tijn-°p∂pCØm] kap-Z-Øn-\mgw \o ]co-£n-®m¬

AX-e-an-sX-s∏mgpw \ne-bp-an-Xn-∂n√ka-ho-Xn-bn-e-Xn-`m-c-am-bp-t≈m-cp≠p

kpam-Xw-sIm-≠p- \newsXmó-Sp-sa-∂m-InepwF∂mepw I\-sam-s°-sØm´p \ne-sØ-s°m≈pw

k¥-X-Im-e-ap≠p I\-°p-sa-∂-t]mseaXn-bn-e¬∏w-sIm≠p kakvXw I\-°p∂p

C\n-bp-≈-h-sb√mw \n›-bn-®-dn-™n´pF¶n¬ Rm≥ \n¿`m-Ky-hm-s\∂p tXm∂o-Sp-aY 370k¶Sw \nc-¥cw ic-W-sa-\n-°n√B¿Øn-sb-sbm-gn-∏m-\p-ap-]m-b-sam∂pw hcm

ktØ-°mƒ hn\m-i-\-am-K-lm-kv]-Z-sa-∂m¬ksØ-Xy-Pn-∏m≥ abm-km-[y-am-I-bp-an√

CØcw \ncq-]Ww _p≤n-bn¬ tXm∂pw-ImewtNXkn ]c-hisa-ß-s\-sbm-∏n-t°≠p

AXy-¥-]oUm ]cn-th-Z\m ]›mØm]wòXnbpw tIm[w tZmj-a-£m-¥n-]-cn-àw

CXym-Zn-bp≈ ckw \ndbpw a\- n-¶¬AXy¿∞w `b-¶-c-hm-bp-hp-tam-f-ßfpw 375

DZ-[n-I-e-°p-tºmƒ hebpw bm\-]mXwAZn-k-am-\-amb s]m°-Øn-te-dp-Ibpw

]mXm-f-tØm-f-ap-S-\n-d-ßp-I-bp-aq¿Ωnt]mX-Øn-e-Sn-°bpw ]macw s]m´p-Ibpw

am¿§w IqSm-sX-b-tßm-´p-an-tßm-´p-tam-Sp-Ibpw\c-I-]m-]n-bpsS am\tk \m\m-c-k˛

iX-ß-f-Xp-t]mse \m\m-c-k-ßƒXs∂AXn-\m-e-\p-Im-e-\m-i-sa-∂-dn-™mepw

i‡-\mw-hn-√m-fn-bm¬ ]ln-X-amb icwkXzcw e£yw ]Xn-bp-g-dp-∂-Xp-t]mse 380

A¥:Ic-W-tØmSp c⁄n®p kt¥m-jn-∏m≥AXn-h-a-t\m-cYw tNXkn [cn-®nSpw

\njv^-e-km-[y-aXp Zp:JIm-c-W-atXA^-ew-]Xn k¿h-aw-Ke XymKw aqew

AXy¿∞w ]kq-XnPw a\-kn-`-hn-®nSpwCsX-√m-‰nepw tijvTw \c-I-an-Xp-Xs∂

X\n-°p-em-`-amb cXv\-ßƒ \nd-™p≈bm\-]m-X-ßƒ sNń-Xm≥ I≠p-\n¬°p-t∂cw

acp¬t°m-]-Øm¬ apßn kaptZ Xmgp-tºmtg[cn-°p-am¿Øn-b-Xn-\-km-c-cq-]-ap≈p 385



\c-I-tN-X- n-¶-ep-s≈mcp ]kq-PnXwh¿÷n-X-Kp-W-sØmSp kam\w \ncp-]aw

k¶-S-sa-∂p-_p≤ym \n›-bn-®p-d-t°≠pF¶neo Zp:J`bw a\kn [cn-®n´p

[¿Ω-am¿K-Øn¬ \S-∂m-\µw ]m]n-∏m-\mbv`qa¿Xy¿ ian-°p-In¬ t_m[-ap-t≈m-cm-boSpw

\c-IZp:Jw ]d-™u-h-Æ-sa-∂m-Inepw\cIw]Xn Kan-®o-Sp∂ aqV-tcdpw

At\-I-tZh-∑m-sc-b-Zn-Xn- ]pX-∑msctk\m-\n-`q-X-∑msc `K-h-Xn-I-sfbpw 390kt±-h-\n-µ-tbmSp tkhn°pw P\m-henthZ-k-Xy-ß-tfmSp hntcm-[-anXpw ]q≠p

kXythZn-I-tfmSp ]cn-]Ÿn ZpjvScpwkXyw shfp-k-Øn\p sNøp∂ \oN-°q´w

ssZhsØ hµn-∏m-\mbv k¿th-i≥ ]am-Wn®Znhkw Ign-°msX \S°pw ]m]n-hrµw

amXm-]n-Xm-°-∑msc bP-am-\-∑m-scbpw\oXn-t]m-em-Z-cn-°m-Ø-[-a-Zp-jvIr-Xn-Iƒ

sshc-[m-cn-Iƒ \c-knw-l-I¿Øm-°-∑mcpw]c-kvXo-Km-an-Ifpw cmK-N-]-e-∑mcpw 395

tNmc-∑m-c¿∞m¿∞-am-b-]-tZ-i-Zp-jvScpwNucy-k-lm-b-∑m-cp-a-\r-X-km-£n-Ifpw

]ckvXo Imaw-]q≠ Zpcm-i-bp-‡-∑mcpw]c-kz-hn-j-b-Øn¬ kv]rl-bp-≈-h¿Ifpw

Al-¶m-cn-I-f¿∞-Xr-jvWbm N]-ecpwtaml-]-Xn-X-∑mcpw ss]iq-\y-ap-t≈m¿Ifpw

Ai-\-io-e-∑mcpw ]m\-a-Øcpw ]ns∂`ri-tIm-]n-Iƒ aµ-]m-]n-I-fn-Xn-°q´w

ag-h¿j-Øn-te‰w sNøp-∂-X-Xp-t]mseNpg-en-°m-‰p-sIm≠p ]X-ßƒ hogpw-hÆw 400

temI-am-\p-j≥ kZm-ho-gp∂p \c-I-Øn¬F¶ntem Iq´p-cp≠p k¶Sw Ipd-™pt]mw

F∂p-sNm-√oSpw Nne t_m[-c-ln-X-`m-¥¿k¥m]w Ipd-bptam Xo°-\-te-dp-t∂cw

ap≈p-I-tf-do-Sp-tºmƒ ap\-I-tf-dp-atXhfsc \nkz-∑m-cm¬ kma¿∞y-hr-≤n-bp-t≠m?

Xn‹hr≤n-bm¬ ioXw `hn®p h∂o-Sptam?\∂m-bn-Pz-en-°p-tºm-f-Xy¥ h”n-X-∂n¬

LrX-an-Sp-∂-aqew Zl-\≥ sI´o-Sptam?iXp-°ƒ h¿≤n-°p-tºmƒ a’cw Ipd-bptam? 405



F∂-Xp-t]mse \nXy-\-c-I-K-X≥ ]m]nP\-ta-dp-∂-Xn-\m¬ k¶-S-ta-sd-bp≈p

F∂mepw kap-Z-Øn-ep-≈-\o-c-sXm-°thA\y-Iq-]-Øn¬ ]I¿∂o-Sp-hm≥ km[n-°nepw

Xcp-]-X-ß-sfÆn kwJy-sb-sbm-∏n-°nepw`qc-kn-I-X-bn-X-sb-∂Xp Iq´p-Inepw

Akm≤yw km[n-°nepw X¬∏-c-a-\m-cXwZpc-ÿ-e-\-c-Im[n ]d-s™m-∏n-∏m≥ ]Wn

Adnbpw £an-°p-tºmƒ I≠m¬ hnizm-k-amIpw]d-™m-e-‰w-hcm A\-¥-sa-∂-aqew 410Adnhm≥ X°-h-Æ-a¬∏w Rm\-dn-bn-t®≥Adn-™o-S-cp-XmØ ZpjvIaw £an-°p-t∂≥

k¥Xw £an-°p-t∂-\-Pkw tJZn-°p-t∂≥k¥Xw he-bp-t∂≥ lm! ]m]w! alm-]m]w!

CXn ]d-™-tijw ad™p alm-]m]nCXp-tI-´-h¿ `b-ap-Øaw lrZn-sIm≠p

]c-a-Kp-W-am¿tK Ka-\-ap-d-®n´pZpcn-X-tZz-jw-]q≠p \S-∂m≥ bYm-Imaw

F∂mepw KpWm-\p-K-s\-s∂mcp ap\n-h-c≥sNm∂-Xp-tI´p _lp-[q-]n-X-a-\-s mSpw 415

\∂m-bn-®n-¥n®p XXvIm-c-W-a-t\z-jn-®m≥k¶-S-anX tZmj-in-£-bv°p-\n-tbm-Kn-∏m≥

H∂p-sIm-≠-h-Imiw a\-kn-tXm-∂p-∂n√At∂cw thZ-Kp-cp-hm-Inb XØz-_p[≥

a\-kvXm-]-sØ-°≠p KpWm-\p-K-s\- t\m°nX∑qew tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ ]d™p KpWm-\pK≥

“At¥m-\-\m-Y≥ tZh≥ Icp-Wm-e-b-s\∂pimkvXn-I-sf-√m-hcpw \n›bw ]d-bp∂p

Aeb Zbm-bp-‡-\n-ßs\ in£n°p∂pAev]-[o-am-∑m-cmb am\p-j¿ ]ng-bv°p∂p 420

tZmj-ß-f¿≤-£Ww Ign-™o-Sp-∂p-ht√mZpjvIa \nXy-Im-e-a-Xn-\p-Ø-cw-Xm\pw

Cu \njvI-cp-W-hn[n Kln-∏m-s\-fp-X√[ym\n-Øm-e-h-Imiw am\tk sIm≈p-∂n√”

DØa-\mb ap\n-bn-ßs\ ]d-™-t∏mƒXØz-⁄-\mb XØz-_p-[-\p-ap-c-sNbvXp:˛

A\-¥ -Z-bm-\n[n awK-em-\zn-X≥ tZh≥k\b imkvXm-h-bmƒ Ir]m-hm-cn-[n-Xm\pw

IrX-Zp-jvIr-X-ß-sf-bo-hÆw in£n-°nepwAXp-tZm-j-tbm-Ky-tØm-sSm-°p∂ in£-b√ 425



kpIr-X-tbmKytØ°mƒ kΩm-\n-°p∂ tZh≥ZrjvIr-X-tbm-Kym-e¬∏-in£ Iev]n-∏m-dp≈p

sNm∂Xp Kln-∏m-\m-bn-°Y tI´mepw \oNn¥n®p tI´m¬ Xh kwi-b-sam-s°-Øocpw

kpIr-X-Io¿Øn-tbm-Sp-hm-gp∂ cmPy-Øn-¶¬apjvI-c-s\mcp \r]≥ arKbm hnh-i-\mbv

]cn-hm-csØ shSn-™-c-tWy-\-S-°p-tºmƒIqc-∑m-cmb lnwk-∑m-cpsS Iq´w-I≠p

ZpjvS-`m-h-tØm-S-h¿ kpµ-c-ap-Jn-sbmcptbmjsb sIń-s°m≠p Imcp-Wy-lo-\-tØmSpw 430ZpjvI-an-®-Xn≥tijw XmgvN-tb-do-Sp-s∂mcpkpjncw X∂n-en´p h[n-∏m-\n-g-bv°p∂p

Cu Zp:JwipXzm \r]m-[o-iz-c≥ Xr°¨]m¿ØpcpZn-X-an-sX-s¥∂p kq£n-®p-t\m-°p-t∂cw

A[n-I-Xm-]w-sIm≠p hnh-i-bmb kvXosbA[-a-tNm-c-KWw sIm√p-hm≥ `mhn-°p∂p

\rt]-i-\n-Xp-I-≠p cp[ncw ]pc-≠n´pcq]-hn-lo-\-kvXosb Zbbm Xr°¨]m¿Øp

\n¿_‘w Imó-sSm√m hn[n-®o-S-cp-XtlmA_-e-bm-bhsfb-b-∏n-s\∂p sNm∂m≥ 435

\njvêw cm⁄m-h‡w ]q¿h-Iu-cy-tØm-S-h¿ZpjvS-kz-`m-h-ap-S≥ km[n-∏m≥ XpS-ßn-bm¿

At∏mfm Zp:Jw ZrjvSzm s]Æns\ XmWw sNbvhm≥Ir]-tbm-S-I-°m-ºn-ep-d®p £nXn-]m-e≥

`tbm\ tNX-t m-Sp-ta-I-\m-bn-cn-°nepwkwbpK k∂-≤-\mbv ]nWßn \r]-ho-c≥

GI-\-Xy¥ \oN Zp¿÷\ kaq-lhpwXXvImew bp≤-an-t∏mƒ sNm√p-hm≥ Ime-an√

[ocX \ncp-]-a-\r-]\pw lnwk-∑m¿°pws]cp-∏w-sIm≠p _ew hf-cp-∂-dn-™mepw 440

he™p \c-h-c≥ apdn™p Xncp-ta\n_e-lo-\hpw h∂psh-∂mepw a\-ÿncw

H´p-ta-Ip-d-bmsX kvXobpsS c£m¿∞-ambvZpjvS-sc-sbm-gn-t∏mfw bp-≤-sØ-bp-d-®n´p

\n¿Ω-e-cm-P-`mhw \n›-bn-®-dn-™n´pkq£n®p \nP-\miw a\kn `bw-[-cn˛

®tijw hcmbvhm\mbv kpµ-cmw-Knsb hn´p\riw-k-hr-µ-tam-Sn-£vam-hc hocy-h-im¬

Cßs\ ip`mw-Kn°p awKfw `hn-®-t∏mƒAtß°p apdn-hmte k¥m]w `hn-°msX 445

\rhc≥ kvXoc-£-sIm-t≠-‰hpw ]km-Zn®ptkh-I-∑mcpw h∂p \r]-Xn-£Xw I≠p

219



kphn-jm-Z-tØm-S-h¿ I≠p-\n¬°p-∂-t\cwAh-tcm-Sp-S≥ \r]-Xo-iz-c-\-cpƒ sNbvXp

F∂psS tNmc-sIm≠p c£-s∏-´-h-fpsSk¶Sw t]mhm-s\s∂ `cn-®n-tS≠p bYm

A∆Æw Xs∂-bn-t∏m-fn-hsf `cn-t°Ww\rh-c≥ Iev]n-®-t]m¬ `rXy-∑msc hgn-t]mse

t¢in®p `£n-°p-I-tf-dnb sshZy-ßfpwhnti-j-i-a-tØmSp hcpØn ]ncn-bmsX 450Ahsf \nc-¥cw kq£van®p t\m°p-t∂cw`hn® Zp:Jsa-√m-sam-gn™p £X-ßfpw

at\m-hym-[nbpw s]mdp-Ø-g-Ip-ap-≠mbv h∂ph\n-Xm-hntij-ß-tfm-tcm∂p tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ

\c-]≥ ip`mw-Kn°p cpKvt`-Z-sa-∂p-tI´pkpcq]w tI´-t\cw ImtW-W-sa-∂p- tXm∂n

kpµ-cn-°-e-¶m-c-h-kvX-ßƒ \ntNm-f-ßƒcXv\m-Zym-`-c-W-ßƒ kºq¿W-amIpwhÆw

\mco-a-WvU-\-Øn-\mbv kmtamZw \r]≥ \evInDtcm-`q-jWw ip`-ap-Øp-Iƒ ]hm-f-ßƒ 455

I¿Æme-¶m-c-ßfpw kz¿Æm-`-c-W-ßfpwIpWvU-e-in-tcm-aWn \mb-I-°-√p-Ifpw

eem-S-]-km-[\w amWn-°-ap-‡m-henXme-]-X-ßƒ Im©n ]mZmw-K-Z-ß-fnh

Dev]-e-hn-tem-N\ kpµcn Na-™-t∏mƒcq]-kp-cp-]-ap-≠m-btX ]d-tb≠q

CXyew-IrX I\ym \r]-k-∂n[u sN∂mƒkvXosb-°≠p cmP≥ ]pjvS-Iu-Xp-I-tØmSpw

]h-c-a-\- n-¶¬ ]nb-X-[-cn-®p-S≥Ah-sf-th´p ]ns∂ `cn®p Nnc-Imew 460

tNSn-Iƒ Zmk-∑mcpw [\-[m-\y-hp-a-hƒ˛°p≠mbn k¿h-cmPyw kzm[o-\-am-b-Imew

kzmKkm kzhn-\miw hcpØn \oN-\mcn`mKy-]q¿W-X-tbmSp kpJn®p hkn-°pw-\mƒ

]d-™m¬ IjvS-atlm Zp»oe cmP-]Xv\nad∂p `¿Øm-hns\ ad∂p Poh-XmWw

`q]-s\-bp-t]-£n®p NWvUm-e-Pm-c-\p-ambvA]-c-≤-bmbv alm-]m-]-Øn-e-I-s∏´p

GsX√mw in£-b-hƒ°pNnX in£-bmIpwFs¥∂p a\-°m-ºn¬ tXm∂p∂p ap\n-hcm 465

`mcybm IrX-tZm-j-a-dn™p \c-ti-jvT≥]cn-Xm-]hpw ]q≠p IrX-k-tZz-j-tØmSpw

ZpcnXw Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ in£n-°m-\p-d-®oSpw\mcn-sb-bp-≈-kvt\lw imk\w XSp-°p∂p



\oXn-am≥ \c-]m-e≥ ZpcnXw £an-°p-tºmƒòXn-\o-ßoSpw ]m]-\n¿Ω-cym-Zbpw hmbv°pw

F¶ntem `b¶ ]Xm] `mh-tØmSpwZpjvIrXw sNbvX kvXosb hcpØn Xncp-ap-ºn¬

I≠-t∏mƒ Zp:J]nb `¿’\hm°p-I-fm¬\mWn®p \n¿e-÷-bm, ]XnX h¿jw-t]mse 470òcpkvXo IÆo¿hm¿Øp tamln-®p -ho-Wp-]ns∂Icp-Wm-NnØ \r]Xo-iz-c≥ Zp:Jw ZrjvSzm

ImcpWyw ]q≠p Pmbm-Zp-jvIrXw ad-∂p-S≥ImcWw ]q¿h-]n-b-a-h-sf-sb∂pw tN¿Øm≥

Imc-W-]m]w hm’-eym-¥cw hcp-ØmsX`mcn® cmK-tØmSp kz]-Xv\ym-t«jw sNbvXm≥

Cßs\sbm´pZn\w Ign™p ]cn-àw\oßn kvXo `¿Øm-hns\ ad∂p c≠m-aXpw

]Xn-sb-∏n-cn-™-hƒ \S∂p bYmImawa¿tXy-i-\-Xp-Imew ]q¿h-Xm-]-Øn-ev]cw 475

`mcn®p ]oU-sb-∂m¬ `mcysb XyPn-t°WwF∂-Xp-Iu-cyw-Xs∂ tXm∂p∂p Zb-NntØ

]ns∂bpw tZmj-Ir-X-\m-cnsb t`Zn-∏n-∏m≥ZqX-sc-b-bn-®n´p ]Xv\n-sb -hn-fn-∏n®p

IrXmLw tZzjn-°p-In¬ tZmjsØ in£n-°msXsNbvXXp s]mdp-Øo-Sm-sa-∂Xpw sNm√n-hn´p

GXpta ê-an√ \mcn-Ip-’n-X-b-hƒIp’n®p \rt]-µ-s\-sb-∂Xp Xs∂-b√

\rknw-l-sam-cp-Zn\w \K-cn-s°-gp-∂≈nAt∏mƒ cln-X-e-÷mkvXo Pmc-t\m-Sp-IqsS 480

kz]-Xn-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ Zpcn-X-I¿Ωw sNbvXpapjvIc \r]-ti-jvT≥ [n°mcw Z¿in-®p-S≥

tZzjn®p alm-]m-]-a-\¥ tIm[p-]q≠pZpjvIrXw bYm kvXosb in£n-∏m-\p-d-®n´p

\njvTp-c-`m-htamSp ikvX-iq-em-·n-IiZpjvIa Icp-shm-s°-°q-´p-hm-\-cpƒ sNbvXp

tIńXp KpWm-\p-K-\m-›-cy-sa∂p sNm∂m≥HSp-°-a‰ in£-Im-cWw Xncn-™n-t∏mƒ

A\p-\-\m-i-anXp kwi-b-sams° \oßoF∂m-ep-a-h-c-h¿°-dn-hm≥ X°-hÆw 485

kmay-sØ-Ø-t]m-\nt[! Xncn-t°-Wta Kptcm!F¶ntem ap\n-hcm! tI´mepw bYm-Imaw

k÷-Kp-W-Øn-\mbv sNm√p-hm≥ aSn-bn√\rP∑w apºn¬sNm∂ kpµ-c-\m-cn-Xs∂

Biaqehpw P∑-I¿Xr-Nm-]-eyw-sIm≠pw]nimNp-_-‘-\-Øn-e-I-s∏-´-Xp-Imew



he™p iXp-tIm-[-km-[-\-am-I-aqewA√-te-‰hpwsIm≠p- _-lp-]-£-X-hp-ta‰p

]m]-Ir-—-Xp-P\w \n¿±-b-a-\-t mSpw]m]vXm-]-Øp-≈-hsf \ctI XmgvØo-Sp-hm≥ 490tIm∏p-Iq-´p-t∂cw k¿th-i-t\-I-]`pkev]-Xn, [¿Ω-]-Xn, kI-e-Kp-W-]Xn

\nJn-e-tem-I-]Xn, k¬Kp-W-]-Pm-]XnAJn-e-P-\-]-Xn, k¿ssh-I-]Xn thZ˛

]Xn, k¿h-⁄≥, ho≤≥, IpS-ÿ≥, \ncp-]a≥At¥m-\-Kp-W-\n-[n, Icp-Wm-Km-\mw-_p[n

krjvSn-]m-e\ \mi-ßƒ°p-ta-I-]XntijvT-\-hy-b≥ ]c≥, A\m-Zn-Z-bm-\n[n

AIm-c-W-Im-c-W≥ k¿h-]-Xo-\mw-]XnkI-e-\m-Y≥, tZh≥ X≥ Zp:Jw Xr°¨]m¿Øp 495

tkh-I-P\w shSn-™-cmXn hrµ-tØmSpw]hn-Zm-c-W-Øn-¶¬ t]m¿°fw X∂n¬hoWp

F∂mepw iXpP\w kz\m-i-tØm-Sp-tXm‰pam\p-j-h¿K-Øn∂p c£-bp-ap-≠mbv h∂p

AI-∂p-\m-i-ßfpw \c-ku-Jyhpw h∂pA°mew tZh-Zm\ KpW-ßƒ _lp-hn[w

]Xn-]m-Zn®p tZh≥ cq]m-e-¶m-cm¿∞-ambvAXp-sIm-≠-ew-IrXm I\y-I-sX-fn-™p-S≥

kpkvt\-l-]m-X-an-h-fm-tI-W-sa∂p h∂pI\y-I-bv°-\y-kv\n-Kv≤-\-cp-sX-∂-cpƒ sNbvXp:˛ 500

kw_m-[-an-cp-h¿°pw \∂mbn can-°p-∂mƒZp¿ΩXm ]cm-]-c-]-Xn-sb-bp-t]-£n-®mƒ

Ah-am-\-amb \c-i-Xp-sh-b-t]-£n-®mƒk¿h-]-\-t\-Iw-\m-f-hsf t`Zn-∏n-®n˛´h-am-\-\-tbmKy k∑m¿t§ \S-°msXk¿h-Zr-°mIpw tZh-k-∂n[u IjvS-atlm!

`oXn-Iq-SmsX ]ns∂ ZpjvIrXw sNøp-t∂cw\oXn-am-\m-b -tZ-h≥ in£n-∏m-\p-d-®n´p

\nµnXalØzw sIm≠m-K-kvIr¬]m-]n-bpsSam\-lo-\-X-sIm≠pw h¿≤n-®o-Sp∂p ]m]w 505

Zpcn-X-I¿Ωw-sIm≠p \nµn-X-\t√m tZh≥]c-a-]-cm-]-c≥ k¿h-aw-K-emw-_p[n

A\-X-\o-i≥ ]ns∂ am\pj \nµm-Imcn\nµnX \nµm-Ir-tXm¿hn-tijw tZmj-am\w

A\-¥-t`-Z-an-cp-h¿s°∂p \n›-b-ambvF¶ntem ]m]-tZm-j-a-\-¥-sa∂p \q\w

ZpjvIr-X -k-a-in£ Iev]n-∏m≥ \ymb-ap≈ptZmjm-\-¥-Xz-in-£m-\-¥Xzw \ymb-atX



At∂cw KpWm-\p-K-\m-Nm-cm-]q¿hw sNm∂m≥:˛X∂psS hmIy-ß-fm¬ thZm¿∞w ]Im-in°pw 510

kwi-bw-Xocpw at\m-hym-[n-bp-a-I-∂pt]mwk¥-XZp:Jw ipXzm a\ p tJZw-]q≠p

\nd-™p-hn-jm-Zhpw kw`aw sNdp-X√Dd°w \oßn-b-i-\m-i-bp-a-I-∂p-t]mbv

\n¿Ωe Xh hm°p tIƒ°p-tºmƒ kpJw-hcpwA¥-kvXm-]m-¥-Øn∂p ioXfw tIƒ∏n-°p-In¬

Hgnbpw Zp:Jw \c-Im-·n-bn¬ hogmbv hm\mbvIgn-sh-¥p-≈p-shs∂ t_m[n-∏n-®o-S-Wta

KpWmZyw ]m]n-∏-Xn-s\-s¥m-cp-am¿Kw \√q?c≠nXp kwt£-]n®p tIƒ∏n-®o-SWw Kptcm 515

XXv°mew XØz-_p-[≥ kmc-ky-tamSp sNm∂m≥:˛kI-te-imb \a: aa icWw tZh

kXzsØ sNm√p-hm\pw tN¿®-bn-sem-∏n-∏m\pwXØzw ]Tn-∏m\pw kI-e-⁄mb \a:

BZy-¥-lo-\≥ eb-an-√mØ k¿th-iz-c≥A≤z-K-∑mcmw \c-∑msc krjvSn-®-Imew

kp`m-Ky-]m-]vXn-s°m-cp-hgn as‰m-∂p- ]ns∂Zp¿`m-Ky-em-`-Øn\p `hn®p hn[n-h-im¬

A]Yw Xy‡m ip`-am¿tK Ka\w XZmIev]n®p ]cm-]-c≥ am\p-j-Kp-W-Øn-∂mbv 520

Zp¿t_m-[-ap-≈-P\w k∑m¿K-a-dn-bmsXZp¿Ωm¿tK \S-∂-h-c-im¥w he-bp∂p

A]-Y-XymKw sNbvhm≥ XZ-¶-ap-d-®n´pkev]Yadn-hm-\mbv kq£van° ap\n-hcm

ap‡n-]m-]vXn°pw \c-Im-K-a-\-Øn-∂p-anXnkrXn cs≠∂p \q\w aq∂m-a-sXm-∂p-an√

apºnse am¿K-a-Xn-hn-kvXm-c-ap≈ hgnNn¥n-®m¬ at\m-l-c-sa-∂tX ]d-tb≠q

Zp z-cw-hn\m KoX-Km-\-ß-f-Xn¬ tIƒ°mwCu]vknXw bYm XX kpJn°pw Kman-Ifpw 525

Ima-tIm-[mZn K¿h tem`-km-[-\-sa√mwkºq¿W-am-Ipw-h¿Æ-a-hnsS e`n-°p∂p

]p©ncn ]pXp-a-Iƒ IoU-Iƒ eoe-Ifpwamwk-Øn≥ t`mK-ß-fp-am-h-gn-bp-≠m-Ip∂p

Cµn-b-Psb hn\m-kp-J-ambv \S-∂nSmwA\n-jvS-sam-gn-®nSmw ]¿hXw IS-t°≠

A\m-bm-k-Øm¬hgn Iogvt∏m-t´-\-S-t°≠pKan-∏m-\-cp-sX-¶n¬ t¢i-sam-gnsb XX



amwk-Øn-\psS I\w-sIm-≠p-S≥ \nd-™oSpw_‘p-°ƒ ]e-cp≠mw ][m\ cmPm-°fpw 530

P\-]m-ecpw alm-ap-jvI-c-ap-t≈m¿IfpwFt¥-sd-∏-dbp∂p `qan-hm-kn-I-sfms°

kpcq-]w t\X-ßƒ°pw Km\-ßƒ timX-Øn\pwkpc`n LmW-Øn∂pw Pnlz°p cpNy-ckw

Xz°n∂p arZp-Xz-hp-ahnsS `hn-°nepwCt°-´-Xn-—n®p \obm-hgn \St°≠

BZn-bn¬ kpJ-ap≈p ]ns∂bpw Zp:J`mKwkztZl at\m-cYw km[n®p eh-Imte

\nt∑mlw e`n-∏m-\m-bm-flmsh If-bp-In¬\nt∂mfw aqV-\m-cp-an-s√∂p t_m[n-®mepw 535

k¥Xw Zp:Ja-\p-`-hn-°p-a-\-¥cwAXy-ev]Zp:Jw kln-s®-s∏mgpw kpJn-∏m-\mbv

ip≤m-flm-shm-cp-sºSpw hnj-a-sa-∂m-InepwBZn-bn¬ ZWvU-sa-¶n-ep-Ss\ Ipd-™oSpw

At¥m-\-`mKyw ]m]n-®m-\-µn-®o-Sp-aYk∑m¿Km-h-ÿ-bn-t∏mƒ tI´mepw KpWm-\pKw

awKew kn≤n-∏m-\mbv Z£n-W-`mK]YnKa\w XpS-ßp-tºmƒ \Zn-sb-°-S-°Ww

kz¿Kw-K-bp-s≠-∂p≈ \n¿Ωq-e-kw-km-c-Øm¬A⁄m\-a-X-sa∂p kXy-am-bn-cn-°nepw 540

C÷-e-a-Xn-s\m°pw kp⁄m-\-]-Z-anXpss\¿Ω-\y-an-Xn-t\-‰-an-X-L-hn-\m-i\w

Ba-b-sa-√m-‰n\pw ia-\-amb Xo¿∞w⁄m\-Im-cWw kI-em-tcm-Ky-h-lm-arXw

kv\m\-ahnsS apºn¬°-gn-∏n-\-≤z-K-∑m¿F¶nte \S-∏-Xn∂p]mb-ap-≠mbv hcq

awK-e-⁄m-\-kv\m\w Ign-t™m-c-\-¥cwA¥-c-‘m-¥-amb t_m[-]-Im-i-bp‡w

ss\¿Ω-ey-tadpw ]`-bp-Zn®p hnf-ßoSpwZpc-Z¿i-\-Øn-∂n-sX-X-bp-ap-]-Imcw 545

hnizm-k-civan \ma-a-¥-c-a-Xn-\n√\ni-bn¬ ]I-enepw tim`n-°p-sam-cp-t]mse

At¥m-\-kq-cy-\n¬ \n∂p-≠m-b-X-Xn-\mse\nXym-‘-Imc \mi-sa-∂p-a-kvX-an-®oSm

]Xy£w kqcy-]-`-bn-sX∂p \n\-bvt°≠mam¿Øm-WvU-t\m-Sp-Iq-sS-b-]` \oßp-sat√m

Ahybtim`-bp‡ kI-te-i-\n¬ \n∂p`hn® \nan-Ø-Øm-e-eb civan-bnXp



`ph-\-X-a- p-I-f-tijw If-hm-\mbvCu shfn-hp-Zn-∏n®p Icp-Wm-e-b≥ tZh≥ 550

hmkvX-h-a-dn-hm-\mbv lo\-tem-N-\-∑m¿t]m¬a¿Øy-∑m¿ ]nW-ßnbpw X∏nbpw \S-∂oSpw

Cu civan-t\m°n ]pWym-]p-Wy-hp-a-dn-bWw[¿ΩsØ tkhn-∏m-\m-b-[¿Ωw XyPn-°Ww

H∂p-¶-ep-d®p \o c≠n-s\-°m-Øp-sIm≠pk¥X kpJ-Øn-\mbv c≠ns\ c£n-°Ww

aq∂p iXp-°ƒ \mem¬tXm-ev]m-\p-’m-l-tØmSpwNn¥-bn¬ \me-hÿ k¥Xw [ym\n-°Ww

A©ns\ hi-Øm°n kq£van° tIm´-t]mseDgdn Zpc-¥y-am-am-dn¬ \n∂-I-epI 555

Ggn-s\-tb-gn≥ him-ep-∑q-e-\m-iw sNbvIFńs\ Nn¥n-®p-≈n-\m-tamZw \S-°pI

H´p-\mƒ sN∂m¬ \h-kw-Jy-bn¬ kpJn-∏m-\mbv]tØm-sSm-Øo-Spw-hÆw c≠n-s\-Øn-I-bv°pI

AXn-\m¬ c≠p-sIm-s≠m-∂m-bn-cn-t∏m-∂p-kpJwX¬]-`-sIm-≠p- ]n-s∂-∏¿hXw ImWp-aY

D]-cn-`mtK KpW-hr-£-sa-∂-dn-™p-S≥Xcp-hn-ep≈ kkyw ckn-∏m-t\-dns°mƒI

kpc-k-ap-≈-Xn-\m¬ i‡n-h¿≤-\-ap≠mwê-Øn≥êw kX-Xm-tcm-Ky-sa∂p \q\w 560

Be-ky-sams° \o°pw ktΩmZw hf¿ØoSpwXØ-cp-hn¬ \ns∂mcp imJsb ]m]n-°Ww

AXp ZWvUp-t]m¬ Xmßp-am-ekyw hcp-t∂cwic-W-a-Xp-sIm≠p ic-Wa-Xn-\mJym

Hu¿hm-¥n-I-Øn¬ hkn-®o-Sp∂ kzcq-]nbmwD]-hn-sb∂ \ma-a-bmsf tkhn-s°tSm

kp`mh kz`m-hn-bp-ap-]-Im-cnbpw ]ns∂tem`-tIm-[m-Zn-lo-\≥ Icp-Wm-Nn-Ø-\-bmƒ

A¿®ntX ]Yn \ns∂-\-SØpw ]ng-°msX]¿h-X-ap-I-fn¬ \n∂n-d-ßn-sbmcp XmW˛ 565

hoYn-bn¬\n∂p ]m¿∏p-a-RvPp-f-ap≈ ZninioXfwsIm≠p a\-kvXm-]-ßƒ XWp-ØoSpw

Zpcp-jvW-sam-s°-s°-´pt]mw kpJ-ap-≠mbv hcpwkpc-`n-bpX _lp-]p-jv]-ßƒ XX-ImWpw

kp⁄m\n _lp-Kp-W-a-h-‰n¬ kq£van-®n´pkp⁄m-\-]-kq-\-sØ-sb-Sp°pw tamZ-tØmsS

NqSoSpw LmWn®oSpa-Xn-\m-e-⁄m-\hpwaSn-bp-a-lw-IrXn _e-lo-\-ßƒ t]mIpw



kz⁄m-\-Kp-W-h-im¬ \in-°p-a-l-¶mcwA⁄-Nn-¥-Iƒ ]c-Zq-jW tZmj-ßfpw 570

kph¿K-tbm-Ky-hr-Øn-sb-Sp-∏m≥ tXm∂p-at√mAh-t⁄-bhpw Zqsc h¿÷n°pw \nµ-tbmSpw

B Znisbm´pZn\w hkn-t®m-c-\-¥cwapZm k∑m¿K-tijw \S-∏m≥ t¢in-t°≠

k¶Sw `hn-°p-In-eu-j-[-ap-c-sNømwkI-e-hym-[n-Iƒ°pw ia-\-amb a¥w

kzcoi! ]cm-]c! kI-e-Kp-Wm-\znX!k¿h-kvam¬]cw abm kv\nKv≤kvXzw XX:IrXw

ZpcnXw Zznjym-ay-l-am-b-Xn- -¤m-th\h¿÷nXw Xzbm k¿hw h¿÷n-jym-aylw kZm 575

Cu a¥w P]n-®p-S-t\-\kmw k¶o¿Ø\w]m]vam-tZz-j-W-bp‡w Ign∏q aSn-bmsX

Bfl-cpIv ian-®oSpw \oßnSpw ]m]-cp pwBabw s]mdp-Øp-t]m-am-tcm-Ky-ap-≠mbv hcpw

GI-\mbv s]cp-hgn \S-∂o-c-S-cp-sX∂pi¶-bm-te-I-\m-In¬ t]Sn-°-th≠ hrYm

GI-\m-Inepw [¿Ω-kp-hgn \S-°WwtemI-k-aq-l-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sth ]ng-hgn

\S-∂m¬ tZmj-ap≠p Zp¿K-Xn-hcpw ]ns∂t]Sn-sb-∂nsb [¿Ω-]-Ÿm-hn¬ \S-∂oSmw 580

GI-\-s√m-cn-°epw k¿th-i≥ XpW-bp≠pkpIr-X-tk-hn-I-fp-am-hgn \S-°p∂p

F¶n-em-am¿§w Kan-®o-Sp∂ kaq-lmev]wkzwhn\m ]c-am¿∞w Zp¿_ew K¿h-lo\w

Zo\-cm-an-Xn-hrµw ImWp-tºm-f-km-c-∑m¿F∂pd-®-h-tcmSp kwk¿K-XymKw Xh˛

a\- n¬ ÿm]n-°msX Zp¿t_m[w XyPn-°Ww\n¿Kp-W-]q¿W ap\nti-jvT-∑m-c-h-sc√mw

k¬KpWw]Xn KpW-a-km-c-ap-t]-£n®ptam£-em-`m¿∞w ]rYn-hy¿∞w hy¿∞-sa-∂p-d˛ 585

®n£n-Xn-bnse cq]y-kz¿Wm-Zn-h¿÷n-®n´pIma-tIm-[m-Zn-P-b-a-[nI Xt]m-_ew

kzmayp-]-hmk P]-a-l-¶m-c-cm-lnXyw]pWy-I¿Ω-ßƒsIm≠p tim`nX kmc-P\w

]q¿Wm-Nm-tcW ]pc-kvI-cn®p \S°Ww]qcn-X-KpW P\-N-cn-X-ZrjvSw bYm

Ncn-X-]p-Wy-tØmSp Kan-∏m≥ ian-°WwaSn-sIm-s≠-ßp-samcp Xma-k-ap-≠m-tI≠



Ds≠-¶n¬ hrØn-tZm-j-Im-cWw Iogvt∏m-´p-t]mbvAXo-X-amb am¿§w ]ns∂bpw Kay-amIpw 590

IrXna XSn\n ta¬t∏m´p t]mIp-t∂cwX≠p-I-fn-f-ImsX ]m¿°p-tºmƒ bm\-]mXw

A¿W- -cW _em-e-[kvXmsemgp-IoSpwAXp-t]m¬ \S-°msX \n¬°p-tºm-f-I-s∏´

KmX-`m-c-Øm-e-[-∏-Xn-X≥ tJZn-®oSpwCsX√mw \ncq-]n®p kX-X-th-K-tØmSp

iXp-am-b-bm¬ he-™o-SmsX \S-°Wwhgn-sb-∂nsb \S-∂o-S-cp-sXm-cn-°epw

Bh-gn-sb-bp-≈-sXm-°sh ]ng-bmIpwBe-kyw-h-cmbv hm\mbv kz`mcw If-bWw 595

Iey-hn-\-b-tØmSp tZlsØ c£n-°Ww[mXym-ao-a-\p-jy-cn-e-\p-I-ºbpw thWw

km[pXzw [cn-°Ww _p`p£ XyPn-°WwCXymZn hrØn-I-fm¬ k¬KpWw e`n-®oSpw

kXz-c-ap-K-tadpw ]¿hXw ImWmbv hcpwAXn-\-K-Øn¬ cXv\w hnfbpw _lp-hn[w

AXn-ep¬IrjvS aWn-c-Xv\-ß-fn-h-tbgpwA≤ymflw tZh-ò-Xn-hn-Nm-c-am-fl-i‡n

t_m[hpw kp⁄m-\hpw `‡n-bp-sa-∂n-ßs\awK-e-ap-Sn-aWn \mb-I-°-√n≥ Iq´w 600

ap≥]n-se-°-√n≥ \nd-am-Im-i-h¿Æw Xs∂kq£van®p ImWp-t∂cw ùay-h-kvXp-°-sfms°

kza-b-tØm-Sp-ImWpw ip`-c-ln-X-sa√mwkpa-e-bp-‡-aY kp\n-µy-sa-∂p-tXm∂pw

DØ-c-tem-I-]-Im-i-Øns‚ ]Xn-abpwAXoh at\m-l-c-amw-h-Æ-a-Xn¬°mWmw

A≤ym-fl-]-Im-i-Øm¬ tib- n-∂-dn-hp≠mw_p≤nbpw sXfn-™oSpw am\-kc-c-k-tØmSpw

DSs\ \oe-ip¢ ani-h¿Æ-Xm-cXv\wI≠oSp-ap-]-Im-c-_-lpXz KpWm-hlw 605

IrjvW-h¿WØm¬ \nXy-k-¥m-]-⁄m-\w, ip¢˛h¿W-Øm¬ KptWm-Ø-c-kva-c-W-a-dn-bpI

tZh-ò-Xn-bm¬ c≠pw k¥Xw Nn¥n®p \ok¿h-kp-°sf e`n-®o-Sp-hm-s\m-cp-sºSpw

aq∂m-a-Xm-`-tbdpw Zqc-ÿsams°-°m´pwG\ pw KpW-ßfpw Xncn-®n-´-dn-bn°mw

hnNm-cw-sIm≠p c≠pw \q\-a-dn-bm-at√mcpNn-tb-dp∂ sshc-am-Wn°w \memw-cXv\w



_e-hp-au-∆-Æ-ta-b-\q\w \nev°pw kZmX√n-bm-e-Sn-®m-ep-a-\m-i-am-Ip-∂Xpw 610

Bfl-i-IvXn-bm¬ kZm \n›-e-`mhw \nev°pwH∂n-\m-sem-cp-`bw a\kn `hy-a√

IÆm-Sn-sb-∂-t]m-se-b-\m-bm-k-Øm¬ ⁄m\˛°Æn\p cq]-sa√mw Im´o-Sp-a-©mw-cXv\w

t_m[-Øm-e-sXm-°th ]Xy-£-kn-≤-at√mip≤-ta-dp∂ kz¿W-h¿W-Øm-e-Xn- cpNyw

Bdmw-c-Xv\hpw ]ns∂ tim`n-®o-Sp∂p \q\wGdnb ]`m-bp‡w kp⁄m\ KpW-sat√m

DØ-c-^-e-Øns‚ e£Ww lcn-∑Wn`‡n°p tZh-]n-b-Zm-\-ap-Ø-c-sat√m 615

Cutbgp cXv\-ß-sf-°-f-™o-SmsX h®m¬\nb-X-Kp-W-a-Xp-sIm≠p sIm≠o-Sm-sat√m

A∏¿h-X-Øn¬\n∂p kz¿t√m-I-sa-Øo-Sp-hm≥Aev]-am¿K-ta-bp≈p sshj-ay-a-Xn-teiw

Cuhgn KpWm-\pK! DNn-X-sa∂p _p≤ymAhn-c-X-tam-ZsØ ]m]n-∏m≥ \S-°Ww

BZn-bn¬ t¢i-tadpw ]ns∂bpw kpJn-®oSpwtaZn\o kpJ-ßƒ°p-ap-Øc ck-ßƒ°pw

t`Z-an-sX∂p t_m[n-®o-SWw ap\n-hcmtaZn\n kpJ-]m]yw kXz-c-ap-d-®pt]mw 620

]c-tem-I-Øn¬ ck-a-e_v[w cpNy-a√\c-∑m-c-Xn¬ ckw-sIm-≈p-tºmƒ Zml-tadpw

F∂n-h-bp-d-®n´p k∑m¿§-⁄m-\-tØmSpk¥-X-ti-b- n-∂mbv tIm∏p-Iq-´pI apt\!

XZp‡zm XØz-_p-[≥ \S-∂m≥ bYm-ImawDZnXw KpWm-\p-K≥ t_m[n-®p-h-gn-t]mse

ae-sØ-s°m-≈p-hm-\mbv kz¿ÆsØ \evIpw, aXn˛bn√mØ `m¥-s\∂p kvacW ]q¿h-tØmSpw

kzcm-\-µsØ kZm ckn®p hkn-∏m-\mbvkmtcm\ `uay-XymKw ÿm]n-®-a-\-t mSpw

Xm]-k≥ Z¿in-∏n® am¿K-Øn¬°qSn KpW˛]m]vXn°p hgn-t]mse ian-∏m-\m-cw-`n-®m≥ 626

hyk\w `hn-jy-Øn¬ Zpc-¥-sa∂p I≠pk’wK ]nb-tØmSpw kz¿Ωp-Zm-K-l-tØmSpw

k∑m¿t§ kc-W-Øn-s∂-√mcpw XpS-ßn-bm¬Btam-Z-a-h¿Iƒ°p \nXy-`m-Kyhpw hcpw

As√-¶n¬ bqZm-tkmSpw ]nim-Np-K-W-tØmSpwPze-\-ZmlwsIm≠p X]vX-∑m-tcmSpw IqsS



ic-Ww-hn\m \nXy-Xm-]-Øn-e-I-s∏´p]cn-th-Z-\-]q≠p \nbXw tJZn-®oSpw

tJZ-ß-sfm-gn-∏m-\m-b-tJZw \ncq-]n®pkZm-Nm-c-tØm-Sn-t∏mƒ \S-∂p-sIm-≈p-Intem

Zp:Jßƒ `hn-°msX tibkp temI-Øn-¶¬kpJn°pw \nXy-a-h¿s°m-gnbpw Zp¿K-Xym[n 632

CXn Zp¿K-Xym[n Km\m¥: Xºp-cm≥ XpWbv°

hni-Zo-I-cWw1-˛5 :hnjvS-]-X-b-\mY ˛ aq∂p-tem-I-ßƒ°pw \mY-\m-bp-t≈m-th. krjvS-]m-e-\m-i\ ˛ krjvSn-ÿn-Xn-kw-lm-c-ßƒ°v A[n-Im-cn-bm-bp-≈-h-t\. ZpjvIr-X-im-kvXm-˛-Zp-jvS-∑msc in£n-°p-∂-h-t\. hrØn-tZm-j-tk-h-I-tZzjn ZpjvI¿Ω-ßƒ sNøp-∂-hsc shdp-°p-∂-h-t\. \nXy-kz-`mth ˛ \nXy\pw kzbw `qhp-am-b-h-t\. Ai-co-cn-aw-Ke ˛ ico-c-c-ln-X\pw awK-e-Im-c-W-\p-am-b-h-t\. k¿h-Nm-cp-cq-]I ˛ ka-kvX-ku-µ-cy-ß-fp-ap-≈-h-t\. apZ¥w ˛ kt¥m-j-an-√m-Ø,cpZn-X-\n¿hy-Y\w ˛ Ic-®n-ens‚ Kpl. ChnsS ssZh-Øn\p \evIn-bn-cn-°p∂hnti-j-W-ßƒ AssZz-X-th-Zm-¥-Øn¬ _“-Øn-\p-\¬Ip∂ hnti-j-W-ßsfA\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv. cmam-bWw Infn-∏m-ń¬ Fgp-Ø-—≥ iocm-as‚]cym-b-i-_vZ-ßƒsIm≠p ame-tIm¿°p∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ Hcp \ma-P-]-Øns‚]Xo-Xnbpw Cu h¿W\ \¬Ip-∂p. 6˛10 BÃp-˛-]m-]w. Xm≥ I≠n-ń-√mØImcyw ]d-bm≥ _p≤n-ap-´p-≠v. a‰p-≈-h-cn¬ hnizmkw P\n-∏n-°m\pw hnj-a-ap-≠v.

11˛15: h¿W-\-bpsS hnizm-ky-X-bv°p-th≠n \c-Ihmkn-bmb bqZmsb IhncwK-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂p. ZpjvS¿°p-a-tK-k-\≥ ˛ ZpjvS-∑m-cn¬ H∂m-a≥. \ns‚ZpjvI¿Ω-ß-fpsS `b-¶cX \nd™ \o Bfl-l-Xy-sN-bvXp. AXns‚ ê-amb \c-IZp:Jßƒ, \o Hcp c£m-am¿K-hp-an-√msX A\p-`-hn-°p-∂p. \o kln-°p-∂-sX√mw Npcp-°n-∏-d-bm≥ ZoX\ \nd™ Cu temI-tØbv°p hcn-I.kzl-¥m-˛-B-fl-l-Xy-sN-bvX-h≥.16˛20 IpjvtS\ ]d-™mepw ˛ Ic-™p-sIm≠p ]d-™m-epw. Xm\-\p-`-hn-°p∂thZ-\-Iƒ Imhym-fl-I-ambn h¿Wn-°m≥ bqZm-kn-\p-I-gn -bn-√. IÆo-tcmsShnfn®p ]d-bmt\ km[n-°q F∂m-i-bw. Poh≥ hmßp-∂n-Xtøm ˛ \Sp-°w-sIm≠v acn-°p-I-bmtWm F∂p-tXm-∂pw. XpS¿∂v \c-I-Øn¬ \ns∂-ØnbbqZ-bpsS cq]w hni-Z-ambn h¿Wn-°p-∂p. hr›nIw ˛ tXfv. \b-\mw_p ˛IÆp-\o¿.

21˛25 DØ-cm-[-tcm-jvT-ßƒ ˛ ta¬®p≠pw Iogv®p≠pw. XpS¿ ˛ XpS¬. At[mw-ipIw ˛ ASn-h-kvXw. ]ikvXw ˛ \√-Xv, tijvT-am-b-Xv.27˛30 cnjvSw ˛ \n¿`m-Kyw. lmh-Z≥ ˛ lm! F∂p-\n-e-hn-fn-°p∂ apJ-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥. Zo¿L-\n-izm-tk\ sNm∂m≥ ˛ s\Sp-ho¿t∏msS ]d-™p. ZpcnXw]nSn® Bflm-hmb Fs‚ `mj-W-tØ-°mƒ tib v \ni_vZX-bm-Wv.

31˛35 Rm≥ kln-°p∂ IjvS-∏m-Sp-I-sf√mw hnh-cn-®mepw Fs‚ Zp:Jw sX√pwXap-°p-I-bn-√. A£bm ˛ Ipd-bp-I-bn-√. BZnbpw A¥-hp-an -√m-Ø, k¿h-Øn\pw BZn-Im-c-W-\mb tZh≥ A·n, `qan, BIm-i-ßƒ, sh≈w, temI-



ßƒ F∂nh Xs‚ hm°p-sIm≠v krjvSn-°p-Ibpw \ne-\n¿Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp.ssZh-Øns‚ al-Xz-amWv Cu krjvSn-I-fn-eqsS ]Im-in-®-Xv.

36˛40 F√m krjvSn-I-fnepw h®v ][m-\n-I-fmbn cq]-]-ln-X-cmb amem-J-amsckrjvSn-®p. Ah¿ kpa-\- p-I-sf∂pw a‰p t]cp-I-fnepw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ah¿°vD∂-X-amb Ht´sd KpW-ßƒ \evIn. Du `qanbn¬ a\p-jy-\m-bn-∏n -d -°p∂ssZhsØ Bcm-[n®v ssZh-Øns‚ Iev]-\-b-\p-k-cn®v hnt[-b-s∏-´p Ign-b-W-sa∂pw hn[n-®p. Aßs\ sNbvXm¬ tam£-ap-≠m-Ip-sa∂pw As√-¶n¬ sImSp-Xmb k¶-S-ap-≠m-Ip-sa∂pw [cn-∏n-®p.am\p-j-\mIpw tZhs\ F∂ ]tbm-K-Øn¬ A¿∞-¢n-jvS-X-bp-≠v. ssZhw Xs‚kzcq-]-Øn¬ krjvSn® a\p-jy≥ F∂pw qan-bn¬ a\p-jy-\m-bn-Øo¿∂ tZh≥(-tb-ip) F∂pw A¿∞-sa-Sp-°mw. ChnsS c≠m-a-tØ-Xn\mWv ]k-‡n.

41-˛46 ssZh-Øns‚ Acp-f-∏mSv IrXn-ambn BN-cn-® -am-em-J-am¿ tam£-hm-kn-I-fmbn Ft∏mgpw B\-µn-°p-∂p. Hcn-°epw \mi-an-√mØ hninjvS KpW-ß-fn¬ Al-¶-cn-®-h-cm-Is´ ssZh-I-ev]\ A\p-k-cn-°m≥ hnk-Ω-Xn-®p. Aßs\Ah¿ A`n-i-]vX-cm-bn-Øo¿∂p. \n¿Ω-e-cmb Cu Acq-]n-Iƒ ZpjvS-cm-bn-Øo¿∂-t∏mƒ ]nimNv F∂ t]cv e`n-°m-\n-S-bm-bn. \oXn-bp-‡-\mb ssZhw Ah¿°p-th≠n `qan-bpsS \Sp-hn¬ Hcp in£m-ÿ-e-ap-≠m-°n.

47˛50 awK-e-sam-∂p-an-√˛ \∑-I-sfm-∂p-an√ . IjvS-X-am-Xta Ahn-sS-bp-≈q.bmsXmcp kpJ-hp-an-√. B¿sØ-cn-bp∂ A·n Hcn-°-ep-a-S-ßp-∂n-√. Zp:Jko-a-˛Zp:JØns‚ AXn-cv.

51˛55 \n¿hy-Y\w ˛ Klzcw (Zzm-cw), LrW-c-lnXw ˛ Zb-bn-√mØ kw_m[w ˛sRcp-°-ap≈, ]m]-Øns‚ in£-bv°p≈ CSp-ßnb Zzmcw. AXn-eqsS FØn-t®-cp-∂Xv Iqc-X-\n-d-™Xpw Zb-c-ln-X-hp-amb cmPyw. ]m]n-I-fmb amem-J-amsc ssZhw in£-bv°mbn Ahn-sS-bm-°n. Ah-cpsS hymtPm-]-tZiw tI´v]m]n-I-fm-bn-Øo¿∂-hcpw Ahn-tSbv°p \bn-°-s∏-Spw. Aev]-_p-≤n-Iƒ°v CXpa\- n-em-°m≥ _p≤n-ap-´p-s≠-¶n¬ Ah¿°p-th≠n hni-Z-ambn hnh-cn-°mw.

56˛60 XpS-°tam Ah-km-\tam C√m-Ø-Xm-Wo-Im-cy-ßƒ. BZyw apXte ]d-bm≥ XpS-ßn-bm¬ Ahn-iz-k-\o-b-ambn tXm∂pw. Hmtcm cwK-sØbpw IjvS-]m-Sn -∂-h-km-\-an-√. A¥-a‰ Cu Zp:JsØ-°p-dn®v ]d-bmt\m tIƒ°mt\mBcp-an-√. BZyw ]d-tb-≠-sX-¥m-sW-∂-dn-™p-Iq-Sm. F¶nepw ImgvN-sb-°p-dn-®m-WmZyw ]d-tb-≠-sX∂p tXm∂p-∂p. ]]-©-h-kvXp-°-sf√mw ImWm≥temI-Øn¬ kqcy-\p-≈-Xp-t]m-se.

61-˛65 a\p-jy-i-co-c-Øn\p kqcy-\m-bn-cn°p-∂Xp IÆm-Wv. kqcy-\n-√m-Xm-Ip-tºmƒ ]]©w Xs∂ Idp-Øp-t]m-Ipw. IÆn-√msX h∂m¬ a\ p Zp:Jn°pw.kqcy-\n-√m-bvabpw t\X-an-√m-bvabpw A‘-Imcw krjvSn-°p-∂p. ]Im-i-c-ivan-Iq-SmsX A‘-Imcw \oßp-I-bn-√. ]Im-i-ap-≠m-bmepw IÆn-s√-¶n¬ H∂pwImWm-\m-hn-√. A‘-Im-cta ap∂n-ep-≠m-hq. Hcp tim`sb as‰mcp tim`-sIm-≠mWv Adn-tb-≠-Xv. IÆns‚ t\m´hpw kqcys‚ ]Im-ihpw H∂p-tN-c-Ww.Aßs\ IÆpw kqcy\pw GtIm-]n-X-am-Ip-tºmtg Z¿i-\-ap-≠m-Iq.



66˛70 `qan-bn¬ kqcys‚ c≠-b-\-ß-fp-≠v. ]t£ \c-I-Øn¬ ]Im-i-Øns‚cq]w-t]m-ep-an-√. At[m-temIw Hcn-°-ep-sam-Sp-ßmØ cmXn-bn¬ Ign-bp-∂p.AXv aq∂p bma-ß-fp-≈-X-√. \nem-hp-≈-X-√. Hcn-°-ep-sam-Sp-ßmØ A‘-Imcw\nd™ òI-c-amb Hscm-‰-bm-atabp≈q. Poh\pw kqcy-\pa-kvX-an-°p∂ k‘y,\nXy-amb cmXn-bn-te-°p-≈-Xm-Wv. -B cmXn-°p-ap-ºp≈ Dj- n¬ A\-¥-X-bn-√m-Xm-hp-Ibpw \nXyX Ah-km-\n-°p-Ibpw sNø-Ww. tPym’-\-˛-\n-emhv.Xnbmam ˛ aq∂p-bm-a-ß-fp-≈Xv ˛ cmXn.

71˛75 AXbpw Imew A‘-Im-chpw Iqcn-cp´pw `b-¶-c-amb Xa pw \c-I-Øn¬hym]n-°-Ww. IÆp-Im-Wm-sX-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ FX-\-∂m-bn-cp∂p F∂p-tXm-∂pw.]t£ ZpjvS-cq-]-ßƒ I≠p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°pw. òI-c-amb sshcq-]y-ßƒ ImWp-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ ImgvN-bn-√m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-XmWv \√-Xv. At∏mƒ ImgvN-bn-√m-bva-bmWv A\p-K-l-sa-∂p-tXm-∂pw. \c-I-Øns‚ \Sp-hn¬ awKfI-c-amb bmsXm-∂p-ap-≠m-hn√. ssZh-Øns‚ B⁄-]-Imcw F√mw ]oUn-∏n-°m-\p-f-f-Xm-Wv.a\- n-s√-¶n¬ t]mepw Cu sshcq-]y-ß-sf√mw IÆn\v Zriy-am-Ipw. Btem-Nn-®p-t\m-°n-bm¬ k¿h-Øn\pw ImcWw ]m]-am-Wv. FX Zu¿`m-Ky-I-cw.

76˛80 \c-I-hm-kn-I-fpsS sshcq-]y-hp-ambn kmZr-iy-s∏-Sp -Øn-bm¬ B\,knwlw, ISp-h, ]cp-ºm-ºv Ch-bpsS cq]-Øn¬ òXn-P-\-I-ambn H∂p-an-s√∂vhy‡-am-Ipw. \c-Im-‘-Im-c-Øn¬ ImWp-∂-sX√mw \nIr-jvS-a-tX. ]m]-Øns‚in£-bmbn, ssZh-Øns‚ hn[n-b-\p-k-cn®v Gsd-∏m]w sNbvX-h¿°v h¿≤n®`b-ap -≠m-Ip -∂p. Hcp ImW-W-sa-∂p -h-∂m¬t]mepw ]pWy-hm -\p -t]mepwAXy¥w oXn-bp-≠m-Ipw. qan-bpsS A¥yw hscbpw Zp:Jw kln-°p-I-b-√msXam¿§-an√ F∂-Xp-sIm≠v Cu kXyw ]d-™p-sh-t∂-bp-≈q.

81˛85 K‘-Øo-bpsS ]pI-sIm≠v Nn¥n-ho-gp∂ IÆp-\o¿ thZ-\-bpsS ImTn\ywkm£y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. NqSp≈ IÆo-cp-sIm≠v k¶Sw apgp-h≥ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥Ign-bptam? hnh-cn-®-Xp-sIm-≠p-amXw A\-¥-amb Zp:Jw ian-°ptam? ]cn-tZ-h-\-ßƒ ˛ hnem-]-ßƒ. BtIm-i-ßƒ ˛ Ae¿®-Iƒ. \c-I-Øn¬ tIƒ°p∂KoXw Cu Ae¿®-I-fp-sSbpw ]cn-tZ-h-\-ß-fp-tS-Xp-am-Wv. ico-c-Øns‚ ˛ DØ-a-amb Ah-bhhpw A[-a-amb Ah-b-hhpw \mhm-Wv.

86--˛90 \mhp-sIm≠p ]e-Kp-W-ß-fp-ap-s≠-¶nepw AXv alm-tZm-jhpw hcp-Øn-h-bv°pw. kz¥w hm°p-IƒsIm≠v ]cn-t—-Zn-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø, B]-Øp-h-cp-Øn-h-bv°m≥ aq¿®-bp≈ \mhv hmfp-t]mse sh´p-Ibpw kqNn-bpsS ap\-sIm-s≠-∂-t]mse IpØp-Ibpw tIm]n-jvS-\mb ]ń-sb-t∏mse ISn-®p-ap-dn-°p-IbpwtIm[w sIm≠p Poh\pw am\hpw \in-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. \√-h¿°n-sXms°Adn-bm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. CsX√mw \c-IsØ kw_-‘n®v Gsd kXy-am-Wv.

91˛95 AXn-tIm-]hpw AX-Xs∂ A]-I-SIcam-Wv. AXy-[n-I-amb \nµ-hm-°p-Iƒ tI´-h¿°p ]I-Xo¿°p-hm≥ D]m-b-an-√m-Xm-bm¬ ITn-\-amb k¶-S-ap-≠m-Ip-∂p. tIm]w Xo¿°m≥th≠n ]e-hn-[-i-a-ßƒ \S-Øp-∂p. NoØ-hm-°p-Ifpw \nµbpw hntcm[w \nd-™-hm-°p-Ifpw \nhr-Øn-bn-s√-∂p-h-∂mepw kln-°m≥ Ign-bptam? `¿’-\-ßfpw im]-ßfpw a‰p ]cp-j-amb hm°p-Ifpw tI´v\c-I-hm-kn-bpsS a\- n¬ ]Icw ho´m-\p≈ A¥¿±mlw Akm-a-\y-amb tIm]-tØmsS cq]w-sIm-≈p-∂p. F∂m-e-Xn-\-h-\p-km-[n-°p-∂n-√. Aßs\ Ah¿AX-b-[n-I-amb tIm[-ap-≈-h-cm-Ip-∂p. Cu tIm]w AXn-`-b-¶-c-ambn h¿≤n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Ak-ly-amb A\p-`-h-ßfpw Ah-tbmSp ]Xn-I-cn-°p-hm≥Ign-bm-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠p≈ ho¿∏p-ap-´-ep-amWv ChnsS Ihn hnh-£n-°p-∂-Xv.



96˛100 AΩ-amcpw ]nXm-°-∑mIpw ]pXn-amcpw XΩn¬ ]tbm-Kn-°p∂ hntZz-j-Øns‚ hm°p-Iƒ kln-°m≥ Ign-bptam? ZpjvS-\mb aIt\ \ns∂ Rm≥krjvSn-®p. \o ImcWw F\n°v AXy¥w Zp:Jap-≠m-bn. \osbs‚ aI-\-√.ZpjvS-k¿∏-am-Wv. \ns‚ hnjw Xo≠n Rm≥ h√msX he-bp-∂p. tZmj-Øn¬hogm\pw \c-I-Øn¬ Zln-°m\pw Zpcm-flm-hmb \obmWp Imc-Ww.

101˛105 \ns‚ Bh-iy-Øn-\p-th≠n Rm≥ A\ys‚ kzØv A]-l-cn-®p. AXns‚ê-amWv Rm\n∂v A\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xpw. \o Zp¿Ωm¿K-Øn¬ \S-∂-t∏mƒ Rm≥\ns∂ in£n-®n-√. AXns‚ ê-ambn Ct∏mƒ Rm≥ apgp-h≥ t\chpw Zp:Jn°p-∂p. \obpw AsXms° kln-°p-Ibpw apSn-™p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNø-s´. ]nXm-hns‚ Cß-s\-bp≈ hm°p-Iƒ aI≥ tIƒ°p-tºmƒ H´p kvt\l-an-√mØ AXn\pX° adp-]Sn aI\pw ]d-bpw. Fs‚ P∑-\-£Xw Xs∂ Zp¿\n-an-Ø-ß-fp-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. `b-¶-c-amb [qa-tI-Xp-hm-bn-cp∂p AXv. Bfl-P≥ ˛ aI≥. [qa-tIXp ˛\miw kqNn-∏n-°p∂ hm¬\-£-Xw.

106˛110 Rm≥ ]nd∂ ÿew hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Pbn-em-bn-cp-∂p. \ns∂ Rm≥BZy-ambn A—-s\-∂p-hn-fn® ]I¬ Ccp-´p≈ cmXn-bm-bn-Øo-c-s´. \ns‚ apJwImWm-\mbn F\n-°p-sh-fn®w Xs∂ kqcy\pw \in®p `kva-am-I-s´. emf-\-tbmsS \o ]d™ hm°p-I-sf√mw ]nim-Nns‚ hymtPm-‡n-Iƒ t]mse-sbs∂NXn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. \o aI-s\∂p hnfn®v F\n°p \¬Inb \∑-I-sf√mwFs∂ NXn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. \oXn-am-\mb ssZhw \ap-°p-\¬Inb \oXn-\ym-b-Øns‚ ]am-W-ßƒ \osbs∂ ]Tn-∏n-®n-√.111˛116 Fs∂ ]Tn-∏n-®n´pw Rm≥ ]Tn-°m≥ Iq´m-°n-bn-s√-¶n¬ F\n°p ]nXm-hmb Zbm-]-c-\mb ssZhw \evInb \o Ft∂m-Sp≈ kvt\lw shSn™v Fs‚k¿hmw-Khpw apdn®v ]mW≥ If™v kap-Z-Øn¬ XmgvØn-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ CutemI-sØ-\n°p ]cm-Pbw kw`-hn--®mepw ]c-tem-IØv awK-f-I-c-amb A\p-`hw e`n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu \√-_p≤n \n\-°p-≠m-bn-√-t√m. Rm≥ sX‰p-sN-bvX-t∏mƒØs∂ \osbs∂ in£n-®n√. sX‰v \osbs∂ t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-√. AXp-sIm≠v Rms\mcn-°epw icn Adn-™p-an-√. Fs‚ tZmjw h¿≤n-°p-Ibpw `b-¶-c-amb B[n D≠m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXns‚ êw ]m]n-bmb \oA\p-`-hn-°p-I. Cu ITn-\-amb NqSn¬ Zln-°p-I.

117˛120 ]nXmhpw ]pX-\p-an-ß-s\-sbm-s°-bmWv ]d-bp-∂-sX-¶n¬ iXp-°ƒXΩn¬ IavSp-ap-ń-bm-esØ Ahÿ A¥m-bncn°pw? CØcw hntZz-j-hm-°p-Iƒ tIƒ°p-tºm-fp-≠m-Ip∂ am\-kn-I-amb hyY shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ km[m-cW kw`m-j-W-Øn\p Ign-bn-√. AXn-`-b-¶-c-amb s]cp-ºd apg-°-ßfpw \cIwIpep-ßp∂ Ae¿®-Ifpw tIń´v sNhn-bpsS thZ\ AXn-`-b-¶-c-ambn h¿≤n-°p-∂p. IS-en¬ I∏¬ XI¿∂v \in-®n´v \mhn-I-∑m¿ Poh-c-£-bv°mbn \o¥p-tºmƒ

122˛125 tIm]n® Xnc-ame h∂-Sn-°p-tºmƒ DSs\ \mi-ap-≠m-°p-sa∂v `b-s∏-´-Xp-t]m-se. \c-I-Øn¬ hoW-h¿ Hmtcm CSn-ap-g°w tIƒ°p-tºmgpw h√mØhnh-i-X-tbmsS àn-°p-∂p. Ch¿ CSnsb `b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Zp:JtØmsS A\n-hm-cy-amb acWw kw`-hn-°m-\m-K-ln-°p-Ibpw F∂m¬ acn-°msX IqSp-X¬IjvS-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw. inc- n-∂m-izmkw \¬Ip∂ LmtW-µnbw kuc-`y-amWv C—n-°p-∂-Xv.

126˛130 shdp-°p∂ iXp-°-tfm-Sp≈ kwk¿Kw Aln-X-I-c-am-Wv. F∂m¬ iXp-hns‚ kao-]-\-Øn¬Øs∂ Ign-bm≥ hn[n-°-s∏-´mtem? aq°n\p iXp Zp¿K-‘-am-Wv. AXns‚ km∂n[yw A\p-Iq-e-km-l-N-cy-an-√m-Xm-°p-Ibpw a\- ns‚sXfna \jvS-am-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. Cu Zp¿K‘w \nXyw kln-°pI hfsc `mc-



ap≈ A\p-`-h-a-sX. AXns‚ êw AXy¥w timI-am-Wp-Xm-\pw. IkvXq-cn-bm-bm¬t∏mepw Htc kpK‘w Xs∂ F∂pw aW-∏n-t°-≠n-h-∂m¬ AsXm-gn-hm-°m-\mWv tXm∂p-I.

131˛135 AXv ÿnc-amb Htc Zp¿K-‘-am-W-∂p-h-∂mtem? AXns‚ hnjaw AXp-ey-am-bn-cn-°pw. Zbm-c-ln-X-\mb cmPmhv, ]m]n-Isf in£n-°m-\mbn Hcp ]mXmfwkrjvSn-®p. AXn¬ hogp∂ ]m]n°v Hcp ic-W-hp-ap-≠m-I-bn-√. Bbp- ns‚A¥y-tØmfw Zmlhpw hni∏pw ]e-Xcw IjvS-X-Ifpw kln-t°-≠n-h-cpw F∂v]kn-≤w. Poh≥ t]mIp-∂-tXmsS AhnsS hkn-°p-∂-hs‚ Zp:Jhp-an-√m-Xm-Ip-∂p. Pohn-X-Imew apgp -h≥ kl-\hpw ]ns∂ ac-Whpw `mKy-am-Ip-∂p.Zpjv°¿Ωn-Iƒ°m-bp≈ Cu `bm-\-I-amb ]mXm-f-Ønse `b-¶-c-amb IjvS-X-I-fn¬ G‰hpw ITn-\-amb H∂p-≠v.

136˛140 ]£-`mKw ˛ hi-ßƒ. ZznjvS-K‘w ˛ Ak-l-\o-b-amb Zp¿K-‘w.Aßs\ NØ-h-cpsS No™ ico-c-Øns‚ Zp¿K‘w aqew Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-h¿acn-°p-∂p. Poh-\p-≈-hsc acn-®-h¿ sIm√p-sa∂ sNm√p-≠m-b-X-ß-s\-bm-Wv.alm-Zp-jvS\pw a\p-jys\ \nµn-°p-∂-h-\p-amb as‰mcp cmPm-hv.

141˛145 sIme-]m-X-Inbpw ]m]n-I-fn¬ ][m-\n-bp-amb Ah≥ iXp-°-tfm-Sp≈sshcmKyw Xo¿°m≥th≠n, ]gpØp No™v ]IpXn Po¿Æn® ih-tØm-Sp,Poh-\p-≈-hsc _‘n®v Zp -l-amb K‘-a-\p-`-hn-∏n®v sIm∂p-I-f-bpw. aq°n-\-\p-`-hn-t°-≠n-h-cp∂ Cu ]oV\w AXn `b-¶cw Xs∂. F∂m¬ \c-Im-\p-`-h-hp-ambn Xmc-Xays-∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ AsX-Xtbm eLp-hm-Wv. B temI-ØnseHcp IjvS-X-tbmSpw AXns\ kmZr-iy-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-hn-√.\nl-¥m-]-Xn-I¿Øm˛ sIme-]m-X-In-I-fn¬ ]ap-J≥. Akp-k-ln-X-∑m¿ ˛ Poh-\p-≈-h¿. Ir—w ˛ ico-c-]o-V, hnkw ˛ ]®-amw-k-Øns‚ K‘w.

146˛150 ]®-amw-k-Øn-s‚bpw K‘-I-Øn-s‚bpw Po¿Æn® ê-ß-fp-sSbpw a‰pXc-Øn-ep≈ `b-¶-c-amb \m‰-ß-fp-sSbpw BsI-Øp-I-bmb \c-I-Ønse Zp¿K-‘-tØmSv kmay-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬, `qan-bn¬ aq°n-\p-]n-Sn-°mØ F√m K‘-ßfpw]cn-a-f-amtb tXm∂q. Cßs\ \c-I-Ønse GsX-¶n-ep-sam-cp-]m]n `qan-bn¬]Xy-£-c-s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ahs‚ Zp¿K-‘-am-Ip∂ hnjw sIm≠v a\p-jycpw P¥p-Pm-e-ßfpw \in-®p-t]m-Ipw.]qXn-K-‘n˛ K‘-Iw. ae-]Izw ˛ Aip-≤-amb ˛ Po¿Æn® êw.

151˛155 ]nimNp°-fpsS Iq´hpw AkwJyw ]m]n-Ifpw krjvSn-°p∂ Zpjn®K‘hpw tN¿∂ Ahÿ B¿s°-¶nepw `mh\ sNøm≥ Ign-bptam? Zml-amtWm hni-∏mtWm GXmWv \mhn\v Ak-ly-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xv F∂ X¿°wHcn-°-ep-a-h-km-\n-°p-∂n-√., ico-c-ap-≈-h¿°n-Xp-c≠pw Hcp-t]mse Zp -lw-X-s∂. hni∏pw Zmlhpw ac-W-Ønte Ah-km-\n-°q.CXp hy‡-am-°m≥ th≠n Ihn ChnsS Hcp a√s‚ IY ]d-bp-∂p. ss__n-fnse ]kn≤ IYm-]m-X-amb inwtim-s\-bmWv Ihn ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xv. (\ym-bm-[n-]-∑m¿ 15:16˛20) aqe-I-Y-bn¬ \n m-c-amb am‰w hcp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. AXy¥wiqc-\mb Hcp cmPmhv Ah≥ iXp-ssk-\ysØ tXmev]n-s®-¶nepw ITn-\-ambZmlw-sIm≠v AXy¥w Zp¿_-e-\m-bn. £pXv]n-]mk ˛ hni∏pw Zml-hpw. ck\˛ \mhv. X¿jw ˛ Zmlw.

233



156˛160 Aÿn-bn¬\n∂p e`n® Pew-sIm≠v Zmlw Xo¿Ø-t∏mƒ Ah≥ A`n-\-µ-\o-b-amw-hÆw Poh\pw i‡n-bp-ap -≈-h-\m-bn-Øo¿∂p. a\p-jy-cn¬h®vG‰hpw _e-hm\pw hoc-\p-amb Ch≥ ITn-\-amb Zml-Øns‚ apºn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏-´p. AXp-sIm≠v a\p-jys‚ iXp-°-fn¬ G‰hpw ]_-e≥ Zml-am-Ip-∂p. Xs‚ tIm]w AS-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø, ]cm-I-an-bmb cmPmhv iXp-hn-t\m-sS-Xn¿Ø-t∏mƒ, Zmlw-sIm≠v Xf¿∂p F∂v ]kn-≤-am-W-t√m... Ak-ly-amb Zmlw-sIm-≠p-h-e™ Ah≥ ]cn-lm-c-am-bn-°-≠Xv cmPy-ap-t]-£n-°-em-Wv.kpkvXp-Xy˛ kvXpXn-°-s∏-tS-≠. apjvI-c≥ ˛ i‡n-am≥

161˛165 adn®v cmPyw \ne-\n¿Øm-\mWp `mh-sa-¶n¬ Zmlw-sIm≠p \in®p-t]m-Ipw. Poh≥ If™pw am\w c£n-°-W-sa-∂p-≠-t√m. F∂m¬ Gsd Btem-N-\-bv°p-tijw Poh≥ If-bpI F∂Xv hfsc k¶-S-I-c-am-sW∂p a\- n-em-°nb Zb-\o-b-\mb cmPmhv k¥w Zmlw Xo¿°m≥th≠n cmP-Nn-”-ßƒ Dt]-£n®v km[m-cW P\-ßƒ°n-S-bn-te-°n-dßn h∂p sh≈w hmßn IpSn-®p.cmPÿm\w \jvS-s∏-Sp -Ibpw Zmlw ian-∏n -°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. CXv enknam¿t°mkv F∂p t]cp≈ cmPm-hn\v kw`-hn-®-Xm-Wv, _lp-XrjvW ˛ `b-¶cZmlw. Xy‡zm ˛ Dt]-£n-®n-´v.

166-˛170 Zml-a-I-‰m-\p≈ sh≈w In´msX aqXhpw c‡hpw ]T\w sNbvXv acn-®-h-cp -ap -≠v. kIe `qX-ßƒ°pw Ah-c-h-cpsS ÿm\Øv _ew D≠m-Ipw.(kz-t£X _ew) F∂m¬ F√m k¶S-ßƒ°pw \c-I-Øn¬ i‡n h¿≤n-°p-∂p. Zmlw XpS-ßnb Zp:Jßƒ \c-I-Øn-ep≈Xpt]mse as‰-hn-sS-¶n-ep-ap-s≠∂p ]d-bmtam? \c-I-Ønse DXvI-S-amb a‰p k¶-S-ß-sf-°p-dn-s®m∂pw]d-bm-sX, [\n-I≥ Zmln®p he™ \mhns‚ hcƒ®-sb-°p-dn-®p-am-X-am-Wt√m]d-™Xv (em-k-dn-s‚bpw [\n-I-s‚bpw IY (eqt°m: 16:19˛31)[\-[m-\y-ßfpw Xm≥ kmºm-Zn-®p-Iq-´nb cXv\-kz¿ÆmZn kº-Øp-°fpw Hcn-°¬ IpSn-°m-\p≈ sh≈-Øn\p ]I-c-ambn sImSp-°m≥ Xøm-dm-bm¬t∏mepwHcp Xp≈n sh≈hpw e`n-°p-I-bn-√.`qan-bn¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ ImeØv bmNn-®-h\v Zml-Pew sImSp-°m-ØXn\m¬, Ah-km-\-an -√mØ Zmlhpw hni∏pwAh\p hn[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. \msh-t∏mgpw Zmlw-sIm≠p hc-fpw.

176˛180 Zmlhpw hni∏pw tN¿∂v \c-I-tem-IØp krjvSn-°p∂ k¶Sw a\p-jys‚ hm°p-Iƒ°v AtKm-N-c-am-Wv. ZpjvSsc in£n-°m≥ th≠n k¿th-iz-c≥ krjvSn® ]e-hn-[-amb \c-I-bm-X-\-Iƒ Xmßm≥ a\p-jy-Ip-e-Øn\p Ign-bptam?Im‰v, aÆv, A·n, sh≈w F∂o \mep `qX-ßƒ sIm≠mWv a\p-jy-i-cocw\n¿Ωn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. a‰p aq∂p `qX-ßƒ°pw Du¿÷-ap-≠m-I-W-sa-¶n¬ A·n-bpsS t]mjWw D≠m-I-Ww. AXp kw`-hn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ A·n°p Zln-∏n-°m-s\-s¥-¶n-ep-ap-≠m-I-Ww. As√-¶n¬ A·n AXn-cn-°p∂ ÿew Zln-∏n-°m≥Xøm-dm-Ipw. `£Ww sshIp-tºmƒ NqSv h¿≤n-°pw.

181˛185 ico-c-Øns‚ thZ\ AXy¥w XojvW-am-Ip-tºmƒ AXp kln-°m≥Ign-bmØ a\p-jy≥ NoØ `£-W-ßfpw aSn-°msX Ign-°m≥ XpS-ßpw. kacyF∂ \Kcw CØ-c-sam-c-\p-`-h-Øn-\n-c-bmbn. iXp-°ƒ ssk\y-k-taXw hf-™-t∏mƒ P\-ßƒ `£-W-km-a-Kn-I-fn-√msX IpXn-c, Igp-X, ]´n F∂n-h-bpsS amwkw CjvS-tØmsS `pPn-t°-≠n-h-∂p.186˛190 ITn-\-amb hni∏p kln-°msX Ah¿ Hcp Igp-X-Øe°v F¨]Xpsh≈n-°miphsc sImSp-°m≥ Xøm-dm-bn. AXpw Xo¿∂-t∏mƒ \nhr-Øn-bn-√msX tImgn, ]mhv apX-em-b-h-bpsS ImjvThpw hne-sIm-Sp-Øp-hmßn `£n-



t°-≠n-h-∂p. tbip-In-kvXp-hns\ sIme-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xn\v (Iq-im-tcm-l-W-Øn-\v) in£-bm-bn, ssZhw blq-Z-∑m¿°v ]™w F∂ ZWvUw \¬In. G‰hpwhenb ]m]-Øns‚ in£-bmbn AXp \evIn-b-t∏mƒ AXv Cu temI-ØnseG‰hpw henb ZWvU-ap-d-bm-bn-Øo¿∂p. `qan-bnse a\p-jysc apgp-h≥ c£n®Icp-Wm-\n-[n-bmb tZh≥.

191˛195 kz¿K-tem-I-tØ-s°-gp-∂≈n \mev]Xp kwh-’cw Ign-™-t∏mƒ ZpjvS-∑m-cmb blq-Z-∑m¿°v hwi\miw hcm-\p≈ Ime-am-bn. At∏mƒ hS-t°-Zn-°n¬\n∂p henb ]S-t°m-∏p-ItfmSp-IqSn tk\m-\m-b-I-∑m-cmb Xo¿tØmkvF∂ alm-cm-Pmhv ]pd-s∏-´p. cmPyw apgp-h≥ \in®p. Abmƒ \K-c-ßsf Iog-S-°n. ssk\ysØ `b∂ P\-ßƒ sbdp-isew \K-csØ A`bw ]m]n-®p.AkwJyw P\-ß-sf-s°m≠v \Kcw \nd™p Ihn-™p.

196˛200 ]´-W-Øn-\p-≈nse FÆn-bm-sem-Sp-ßmØ P\-°q´w £-W-ap-≠m-°m≥\nhr-Øn-bn-√msX he-™p. Aßs\ ]pdØpw AIØpw iXp-°-fm-bn. ]pdØpiXp-°-fpsS henb ssk\yw. AIØv `b-\m-I-amb Zmcn-Zyw. ]pd-Øp-I-S-∂m¬ ssk\yw h[n°pw AI-Øp-h-kn-®m¬ hni-∏p-sIm≠v \in°pw.

201˛205 acWw Aev]w kmh-[m\w kw`-hn-°p-sa∂ hyXym-k-ta-bp-≈q. kIeP¥p-°ƒ°pw Poh≥ \ne-\n¿Øm≥ hfsc k¶-S-a-\p-`-hn-t°-≠n-h-cpw. F¶nepwIØp∂ hni-s∏∂ A·n°v ia\-ap-≠mtb Xocq. Ip]qb `£yw ˛ hrØn-sI´ `£-Ww.

209˛210 Zp:JIm-eØv kz¥w a°sf ImWp-tºmƒ Zp:Ji-a-\-ap-≠m-Ipw. ]nXmhpacn-°p-tºmƒ a°-fn-eqsS Xs‚ \maw \ne-\n-ev°p-sa-∂min°p-∂p.

211˛215 tij-In-b-Iƒ sNøm≥ ]pX-\p-≠m-I-Ww. AXp-sIm≠v ]nXm-hn\vkz¥w Pohs‚ ]Ip-Xn -bm-Wv, ]pX≥ (CXv Hcp sslµ-h-k-¶-ev]-amWvA¿tWm-kp-]m-Xncn Hcp anI® kwkvIrX ]WvUn-X-\m-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øn\p`mc-Xob Z¿i\ßfpw ]cn-Nn-X-am-bn-cp-∂p F∂ kqN\ Cu ]cm-a¿iw \evIp-∂p.) X∂p-sS-bwiw h[n-®o-Sp-hm≥ ˛ Xs‚ AwisØ h[n-°p-hm≥ (Xs‚Xs∂ `mK-amb aIs\ h[n-°p-hm≥ F∂m-i-bw) a\p-jy-P-∑n-Iƒ ˛ a\p-jy-P-∑-sa-Sp -Ø-h¿. ]cn -l-cn -°m-\m-hmØ Zp:Jß-fp -≠m-bmte CX IjvS-amb]hrØn a\p-jy≥ sNøq. `qan-bnse hni∏v CX `b-¶-c-am-sW-¶n¬ hni-∏p-sIm≠v \c-I-Øn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ Ahÿ FX ]cn-Xm-]-I-c-am-bn-cn°pw!.

215˛220 `qan-bn¬ hni∏pw Zmlhpw FX `b-¶-c-am-bmepw AXn\v Nne ct£m-]m-b-ß-fp-≠m-Imw. Ipd-t®sd Znh-kw-sIm≠v AXv ians®-∂p-h-cpw, F∂m¬]m]n-Iƒ°v A\-¥-ambn hni-∏p-k-ln-°p-Itb \nhr-Øn-bp-≈q. Imew Hcn-°-ep-a-Xn-\m-izmkw Xcn-√. `mc-ap≈ hkvXp-°-fn-te-‰hpw tijvTw `qan-bm-Wv.thK-X-bp-≈-Xn-sem-∂m-a-tØXv hmbp-hpw. G‰hpw kq£va-am-bXv BIm-i-a-tX. XWp-∏p-≈-Xm-Is´ sh≈-hpw. F∂m¬ NqSp-≈-Xn¬ G‰hpw `b¶cwA·n-bm-Wv.



221˛225 ico-c-Øns‚ Zp:Jß-fn-te-‰hpw `b-¶cw DjvW-am-Wv. F√m k¶-S-ß-fpw Aln-X-I-c-am-sW-¶nepw A·n-bpsS Zl\w Ah-bn-te-‰hpw `bm-\-I-am-Wv. Ipd-®p-t\cw t]mepw AXp kln-°m-\m-hn-√. Nne em`ßƒ°p-th≠nNne¿ hni∏pw Zmlhpw kln-t®-°pw. [\w kwc-£n-°m≥th≠n ]e-hn-[-amb ZWvU-\ -ßƒ kln -t®-°pw. F∂m¬ `qtem -I -Ønse am\y -X -Iƒe`n°m≥th≠n Aev]-Imew t]mepw A·n-bpsS thZ-\-Iƒ kln-°m-\mcpwXøm-d-√. Hcmƒ [\-tØm-Sm¿Øn ]q≠v N]-e-a-\-t msS a‰p-≈-h-cpsS [\w[mcm-f-ambn A]-l-cn-®p.

226˛230 ac-W-tØm-S-SpØ ImeØv B ]m]n-sb-°≠ Hcp ap\n Zpcn-X-Øn\pImc-W-amb B ]hr-Øn-sb-°p-dn®v tI´v Ahs\ ]t_m-[n-∏n®p:˛A\y-cpsS kº-Ø-]-l-cn-°p∂Xv \m-i-Øn\p Imc-W-am-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠m¿°pw\∑-bp-≠m-hn-√. A\ym-b-ambn t\Snb Zhyw B hn[-Øn¬Øs∂ \in-®p-t]m-Ipw. AXv ]¿h-X-Øn¬ \ns∂m-gp-Ip∂ Pew-t]mse s]s´-∂n-√m-Xm-Ipw.a‰ p -≈ -h -c n¬ \n∂ -] -l -c n -°p∂ kºØv Ae v] -Imew a n∂¬t]mse]Imin°pw. a‰p-≈-h-cpsS [\-a-]-l-cn-®m¬ AXp \nXy-\-c-I-Øn\p Imc-W-am-Ipw. AXp-sIm-≠p-≠m-Ip∂ Zp:Jw Hcn-°epw Xocp-I-bp-an-√.Zp¿\ym-bw˛ sX‰mb hgn. A\ym¿∞ kwt£]w ˛ A\ys‚ [\w A]-l-cn-°¬. Acw ˛ Zp:Jw.

231˛235 A\y-cp-tSXp aS-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-tºmƒ a°ƒ Zcn-Z-cm-Ipw. a°ƒ°p k¶Swhcp-tºmƒ ]nXm-hn\v BizmktØmsS acn-°m-\m-hn-√. ]cm¿∞w ˛ a‰p-≈-h-cpsS [\w. Zhy-tem`n ˛ [\-tØmSv AXym-K-l-ap-≈-h≥. Bfl-P≥ ˛ ]pX≥.\nkzw ˛ Zmcn-Zyw.

236˛240 a°ƒ°v Ctßm´v kvt\l-apt≠m F∂pd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-Ww. Ds≠-¶nteAh¿ \ns‚ kvt\l-Øn-\¿l-cm-Ip-∂p-≈q. Ah¿°p kvt\l-an-s√-¶n¬ \n\-°-h-tcm-Sp≈ kvt\lw hy¿∞-am-Ipw. \n\-°p-th≠n \ns‚ ]pX-∑m¿ Ipd-®p-Imew A·n-bpsS NqSp-k-ln-s®-¶n¬ \ns‚ [\hpw cXv\-hp-sa√mh¿°pw sImSp-°mw. Cs√-¶ntem sImSp-°-cp-Xv. Cu temIsØ kw_-‘n®v Aev]w IjvSXkln-°m-\-h¿ Xøm-dm-Ip-tºmƒ Ah¿°p-\n-t∂m-Sp≈ kvt\l-Øns‚ Af-h-dn-bm≥ Ign-bpw.

244˛250 F∂m¬ Fs‚ tcmKw ian°m≥ \nßƒ \nß-fpsS hnc¬ Hcp £W-t\cw Zo]-\m-f-Øn¬ hbv°-Ww. F\n-°p-th≠n a°-fmb \nß-fnXp sNøWw.AXn\p kΩm-\-ambn Rms\s‚ [\-sa√mw Xcmw. AX-tØmfw t]mepw kvt\l-an-s√-¶n¬ AXp-X-cm-s\-\n°p aSn-bm-Ipw. At∏mƒ ]nXmhv hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ \c-Im-·n-bpsS `b-¶-c-X-tbm¿Øv B ap\n ]d-™-Xp-t]mse sNbvXp. Zo]-\m-f-Øns‚ NqSv \t∂ eLp-hm-Wv. Hc-ev]-t\cw AXp Xmßm≥ t]mepw a°ƒ°vIgn-bp-∂n-√.

251˛255 `qan-bnse F√m-Øcw DjvW-ßsfbp-sam-∂n®p Iq´n-bmepw \c-Im-·n-tbmfw NqSp-≠m-hp-I-bn-√. AXp-ambn X´n-®p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ `qan-bnse A·nshdpw XWp-∏m-Wv.

]nXm-hn-t\m-Sp≈ a°-fpsS s]cp-am‰w I≠pw \c-Im-·n-bpsS A\p-]-a-amb`b-¶-c-X-tbm¿Øpw ap\n-tijvT≥ Zp:Jn®p. hniz-kvX-cm-b-h-cn¬ Hcmƒ acn-®n´v Abm-fpsS \mi-an-√mØ Poh≥ ]Xy-£-am-b-t∏mƒ ap\ntijvT≥ Cßs\



tNmZn -®p. \ns‚ I¿Ω-ß-fpsS êw F¥mWv? kpJ-amtWm? Zp:JamtWm?`mKy -Øns‚ D∂-Xm -h -ÿsb tam£w ]m]n -°m≥ km≤y -X -bpt≠m?AtXm Zp¿K-Xn -bn¬s∏´v \nXyZp:JamtWm D≠m-Im≥ t]mIp -∂-Xv .?hniz -kvX≥ F∂ hm°n\pw ChnsS \oXn -am≥, k÷\w Fs∂m-s°-bp≈A¿∞-a√, kXyw ]d-bp -∂-h≥ F∂ A¿∞-amWv D±n -jvSw.256 -˛260 Fs‚ ]m]-^-e-ambn \c-I-Øn¬ hoW-h-\mWp Rm≥. HSpßmØXobn¬ Rm≥ Zmln -®p -sIm -≠n -cp -∂p F∂m-bn -cp∂p adp -] -Sn .A·n-bn¬\n -∂p -≠m-Ip∂ Zp:Jw AX-aXw `b-¶-c -amtWm? \ob-\p -` -hn -°p∂ bmX-\-bpsS Bgw Fßs\ F\n°p a\- n -em -°m≥ Ignbpw F∂vAht\mSv ap\n -h -c≥ tNmZn -®p. B acn -® -h -\m -Is´ sh≈w \nd™ ]mX-Øn¬ ssI ap°n -bn´ v , B hnf°v AXn -en -Sm≥ ]d -™p. sh≈-Øn¬kv]¿in® amX-bn¬Øs∂ B Zo]w sagp -Ip -t]mse Dcp -In -t∏m -bn. (C-hnsS Zo]w ]gb Hm´p -hn -f -°mbncn°-Ww) ]ptcm -ln -X-∑m¿ Ah-cpsS ]`m-j-W-ß-fn¬ tN¿°p∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ D]-a -Ifpw IY-Ifpw sIm≠v \c-I-bm -X-\bpsS `b-¶-cX shfn -s∏-Sp -Øm≥ ian -°p -I -bm -Wv, ChnsS Ihn.

261˛265 \√-h-\mb Hcp ap\n acn® H-cmsf Pohn -∏n -®p. Abmƒ Pohn -X -Imew apgp -h≥ \nc -¥-c -ambn Ic-™p. ap\n -h -c≥ AXn\p Imc-W-a -t\z -jn -®p. \c-I-Øn¬ Xm\-\p -` -hn® A·n-bpsS NqS]-s\-°p -dn -®p≈ Hm¿Ω-bm -Wp -Xs∂ Ic-bn -°p -∂-sX-∂m-bn -cp∂p Abm-fpsS adp -] -Sn . \c-I-Øn¬Hcp Znh-k-a -\p -` -hn -°p∂ NqS v `qan -bn¬ aqhm -bncw h¿jw sIm≠-\p -` -hn -°p∂Xn\p Xpey -am -Wv. \c-I-Ønse A·n-bpsS NqS v AXn -` -¶ -cw -Xs∂F∂p-]-d™v Abmƒ ho≠pw Ic-bp -∂p.266˛271 CØ-c -Øn -ep≈ A·n At[m-tem -IØv Ggv kl-km-_vZ -ß-fm -bn , A\pk-kyqXw Pzen -®p -sIm -t≠-bn -c n -°p -∂p. NqSn\ v t]mIm -s\mcpam¿K-hp -an -√. A·n-bpsS ê-am -bp -≠m-Ip∂ ssXjvWyw \nc -¥cw Hcp -an -®p -tN¿∂p h¿≤n-°p-∂-tX-bp -≈q. AXy-[n -I-amb `b-ap -f -hm -°p∂ ÿe-am -W-Xv . ]mZ -ßfpw DZ -chpw ssIIfpw \mhpw It]m-ehpw Zln -® v , NqSp -sIm≠p t¢in -°p -∂p. c‡hpw Xe-t®mdpw ]nØhpw t«jvahpsa√mwkZm NqS n¬ Dcp -I n -Øn -f -®p -sIm -t≠-bn -c n -°p -∂p . ]£n -Iƒ BIm -i -Ønepw a’y-ßƒ sh≈-Ønepw A·n -bn¬ I\epsa -∂-t]mse ]m]n -bmb a\p -jy≥ \c-Im -·n -bn¬ Zln -°p -∂p.

272˛275 iIp-¥-ßƒ ˛ ]£n-Iƒ. X]vX-hm-]n-˛-Nq-Sp-]n-Sn® Pem-i-bw. tJZn-°p-∂p-˛-bm-X-\-b-\p-`-hn-°p-∂p. \c-I-Øn¬ ˛ `£-Whpw ]m\o-bhpw hmbphpwInS-°bpw F√mw A·n-a-b-am-Wv.

281˛285 BK-km-˛-]m]w aqew. Al-¶m-cym-tK-k-c≥-˛-A-l-¶m-cn-I-fn¬ h®v H∂m-a≥. \n¿Kp-W-\n[n ˛ ZpjvS-X-I-fpsS Ccn-∏n-Sw. K¿hZp-kzm-Zp -êw ˛ K¿h-Øns‚ Zpkzm-Zp≈ êw.

286˛290 tijvT]m]n ˛ ]m]n-I-fn¬h®v G‰hpw ZpjvS≥ F∂m-W¿∞-sa-Sp-t°-≠-Xv. ][m-\-Imaw ˛ Xm\mWv apJy≥ F∂p-ÿm-]n-°m-\p≈ BK-lw.][m-\m-`n-]mbw ˛ Xm\mWv kI-e-cnepw h®v ][m\n F∂ Nn¥.

291˛295 aam¿∞m-Klw ˛ Fs‚ Zhym-K-lw. hnUvVn-bmb I®-h-S-°m-c\pwA‘\pw alm-]m-]n-bp-amb Fs∂ `b-¶-c-amb NI-Øn¬ sIń, \n¿±-b-am-bn, ipXp-°ƒ tZmln-°p-∂p. ZpjvI-an-°pI ˛ ZpjvS-X-Im-´p-I.



301˛305 ]cn-`m-jn®v ˛ ]cn-l-kn-®v. ZKv[¿ ˛ Zln-°-s∏-´-h¿. AXy¿∞w ˛ G‰-hp-a-[n-Iw. kz\nkw ˛ kz¥w Zmcn-Zyw. AXy¿∞w ˛ ChnsS A[nIw [\-sa-∂¿∞w. AIm-a-km-[-\-ßƒ ˛ shdp-∏p-f-hm-°p∂ hkvXp-°ƒ. taml-ßƒ°p-hn-t[-b-ambn hgn-sX-‰n-b¿, a‰p-≈-h-cpsS ]I kln-t°-≠n-h-cp-∂p. PUo-I-amb taml-ßƒ km[n-°m≥ IjvS-s∏-´-h¿ ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ imco-cn -I-ambZpc-¥-ß-f-\p-`-hn-°p-∂p. Ah-c-\p-`-hn® hgn-sX-‰nb B\-µ-ß-fpsS kp\n-›n-X-amb êw A\p-`-hn-°p-∂p.

306˛320 ]mXm-f-Ønse k¿∏-ßƒ°v Ahsc Gev]n®p sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂p.k‘n-Ifpw lrZ-bhpw D≈pw (\-s´√v F∂mhmw D±n-jvSw) k¿∏-ßƒ ISn-®p-ap-dn -°p-∂p. XpS¿∂v Ibns‚ IY-bmWv A\p-kva-cn -°p-∂-Xv. Ibn≥ ssZh-Øn\v ka¿∏n® hgn-]mSv ssZhw kzoI-cn-®n-√. Cfb ktlm-Z-c-\mb lmt_-ens‚ _en-ssZhw kzoI-cn-®p. CXn¬ Ip≤-\m-bn-Øo¿∂ tPyjvT≥ ktlm-Z-cs\ sIm∂p, (D-ev]Øn 4) Aßs\ \c-I-Øn¬ hoWv kIe kpJhpw\jvS-s∏´ Ibo≥ ktlm-Z-c-\-\p-`hn°p∂ kz¿KkpJw I≠v AXy¥w Zp:Jn°p-∂p.DØ-cm-\p-P≥ ˛ Cfb ktlm-Z-c≥. `mXr-L-im]w ˛ ktlm-Z-c-h-[-Øns‚ê-amb im]w. Ct∏mƒ Ahs‚ Icƒ k¿∏-ßƒ Ic-fp -∂p. k¿∏-ßƒho≠pw Ic-fm≥ th≠n Icƒ hf-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. kmc-tabw ˛ ]ń.

321˛325 sNs©eyw ˛ a\-tbm-e. tIm]-Øns‚ ê-ambn \nXy-amb \c-I-Øn¬\n]-Xn® \oN-cpsS Iq´w tZjyw-]n-Sn® ]ń-I-sf-t∏mse At\ym\yw ISn-°p-Ibpw X√p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. _p≤n-iq-\ycpw aSn -b-∑mcpw a‰pw aq¿®-bp≈At\Iw BWn-Ifpw kqNn-Ifpw ]Xn® Iń-en¬ InS∂p Ic-bp-∂p.326˛330 kXy-ssZ-hsØ Xncn-®-dn-bmØ ]nim-Np-°sf hnt[-bXzw \nd™ a\-t msS A\p-k-cn® aqV-cmb P\w, `m¥-∑m-sc-t∏mse XpS-en¬ sI´-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p. Zp:Jm\p-`hw sIm≠v, kXy-ssZ-hsØ a\- n-em-°nb Ah¿ \njvTq-c-amb ]nim-Np-°-fpsS ]oV-\-ta‰v ssZhsØ ssIIq∏n Bcm-[n-°p-∂p. ico-c-Øns‚ Zp:Jß-sf-°p-dn®v Rm≥ Nne Imcy-ßƒ ]d-™p. F∂m¬ Bflm-hns‚ thZ-\-Isf°pdn®p ]d-bp-hm-\p≈ sshZ-Kv≤y-sa-\n-°n-√. Hmtcm A\p-`-hhpw \njvIr-jvS-ambn th¿Xn-cn®p ]d-bpI ZpjvI-c-am-Wv. AXp a\- n¬kwK-ln-°m\pw hnjaw.XpS¿∂p ho≠p-samcp IY ]d-bp-∂p. ]≠v Hcp h\-hm-kn-bmb k\ymkn \S-°th˛331˛335 acn® Hcp-hs‚ Aÿn-bn¬ Nhn-ń. Zp¿K-XymKn ˛ Zp¿K-Xn-bpsS B[n˛\c-I-bm-X\ F∂n-hnsS Bi-bw. ss`c-h-Xm]w ˛ `b-¶-c-amb Xm]w.

336˛345 ico -c -Øn-t\-ev°p∂ ZWvU-ßƒ Bflm-hn -s\bpw kv]¿in -°pw.F∂m¬ \c-I-Øn¬ kz¥w Zp:Jw amX-a-√, A\ycpsS Zp:Jhpw ImtW-≠n-h-cpw. imco-cn-I-amb IjvS-X-Isf A\yZp:Jamb Icp-Xmw. F∂m¬ am\-kn-I-amb ]oU-Iƒ, kz¥-am-flm-hn-t\¬∏n-°p∂ BLm-X-I-ß-fm-Wv. _p≤n, Hm¿Ω,a\ v F∂n-ßs\ Bflmhn\v aq∂p-X-e-ß-fp-s≠∂v imkvXw ]d-bp-∂p. ]m]n-Isf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw CsXms° ]oUm-I-c-ß-fsX. Ign-™p-t]mbImcy-ßƒ ImWm-\p≈ IÆv kvac-W-am-sW∂v hnZzm-∑m¿ ]d-bp-∂p. AXpw \c-I-Øn-ep≈h¿°v Zp:JIm-cWw Xs∂. Cu IÆp-sIm≠p ImtW-≠m-Ø-Xp-I-≠v, AXy-[nIw Zp:Jnt°-≠n-h-cpw.

346˛350 ]W-bhpw Pohn-X-ku-`m-Ky-ßfpw ]p©n-cnbpw eoe-Ifpw t`mK-ß-fp-sa√mw AXn-thKw Ign-™p-t]m-Ip-∂p. F∂m¬ sNbvX ]m]-Øns‚ in£-I-sfm-∂p-a-h-km-\n-°msX \nc-¥-c-amb Zp:Jw \nXy-a-\p-`-hn-t°-≠n-h-cp -sa∂vHm¿°p-∂p. Bflm-hns‚ IÆp _p≤n-bm-hp-∂p. _p≤n-bpsS ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fm-



239

Is´ [mc-Ww, hnth-N-\w, Iq´n -t®¿°¬ F∂n-h-bm -Wv. Ahbpw ]m]n -Iƒ°p Zp:Jta-bp -f -hm -°q.

351˛355 k¶-S -` -h\w ˛ \c-I-sa∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ A¿tWmkv ]mXncn Cuhm°v kpe-` -ambn ]tbm-Kn -°p -∂p.]m]n -°m≥ Ign -bmØ KpW-ß-fpsS \jvShpw hnip -≤-amb KpW-ß-tfm -Sp≈ ÿnc-amb hntcm -[hpw A\m-Zn -bmb ssZhn -I -im -] -Øns‚ A\p-` -hhpw Zu¿`m -Ky -ß-fp -sa√mw Aev]-am - X -amb em` -Øns‚ kw`m -h -\ -I-f -t X. \t∂ Ipd™Imew sIm≠v Dt]-£n -°-s∏-tS≠ t`mK -ß-sf√mwIgn -™p-t]m -bn. Cu kXyw hnth-Nn -® -dn -bp -∂Xv F√mw \jvS -s∏´p Ign -bp -tºm-gm -bn -cn -°pw. ]m]n -Iƒ kZm-Imew \c-IZp:Ja\p`hn -°pI F∂Xvam‰ -an -√mØ Cuiz -c -hn -[n -bm -Wv.

356˛360 \t∂ Ipd™ Imew-sIm≠v F√m kpJ-t`m -K -ßfpw Ign -™p.e`n® kpJ-ß-fm -Is´ Zpjn -® -Xpw. AXns‚ t]cn¬ XyPn -°-s∏-´ -Xm -Is´A\m-Zy -¥\mb Cuiz -c -\p -ambn _‘-s∏-´ -Xm -I -s´. CsXms° kw`hn®-X v Fs‚ t`mjXzw sIm≠m -W v . \∑ -bpsS IS -e ns\ (sF-iz - cy - ambZnhyamb A\p -` -h -ß-sf) Bkz -Zn® v F∂pw kpJn -°m -\mbn k¿th-iz -c≥ Fs∂ Imcp -Wy-tØmsS krjvSn®p. Ahs‚ awK-e-]q¿W-amb KpW-ßƒ ]m]n -°pI F∂ e£y -tØm -sS -bmWv A¥:Ic -WsØ ssZhwkrjvSn -®Xv F∂m¬ `m¥-\mb Rm≥ \nkm-cm -\p -` -h -ßsf tkhn -®XvFX IjvSam -Wv. Xoh-amb Zmlw Xo¿°m≥ kap - ZsØ At\z -jn -°m-sX.

361˛365 \o¿Øp≈n IpSn -°m-\mbn Rm≥ t¢in®p \S-∂p. Ct∏mƒ AXpXo¿∂p-t]m -bn. AtX-k-abw at‰Xv \∑-bpsS kap - Zw, \jvS -s∏-Sp -IbpwsNbvXp.kl-k-h¿jw ˛ Bbncw h¿jw. iX-k-lkw ˛ \qdm -bn -cw. kl-k-I-ev] -h¿jw ˛ tImSn -°-W-°W°n\v h¿jw.Hcn -° -ep -a -h -km -\n -°m -ØXmWv \c -I -hm -k -Ønse Zpcn -X -ßƒ. AsX-t∏mgpw h¿Øa-am -\ -Im -e -am -bn -cn -°p -∂p. Ah-km-\n -°p -∂-tX-bp -≈q.

366˛370 Cu Zp:JØns‚ kapZw AXy-Km -[ -am -Wv. AXn -em¿°pw \ne-bp -≠m-hn -√. ka-X-e -Øn¬ \t∂ `mc -ap≈ Hcp -≠ h®m¬ AXns‚ sNdnb`mKta \neØp kv]¿in -°p -sh-¶nepw AXns‚ `mcw apgp -h≥ AhnsSkΩ¿±w sNep -Øpw. AXp -t]mse A\-¥-amb h¿Ø-am -\ -Im -e -ØnseHSp -ßmØ IjvS -X -Iƒ apgp -h\pw a\ v A\p -` -hnt® Xocq. Akm-[m -c -Whpw A]q¿h-hp -amb Hcp _nw_-ØneqsS H´v Ahy-‡hpw k¶o¿Æ-hp -amb `mhw [z\n -∏n -°m≥ ian -°p -I -bm -Wv, Ihn Chn -sS. Cu kXyw]q¿W-ambn Kln -°p -tºmƒ Rm≥ FX Zu¿`m -Ky -hm -\m -sW∂p t_m[y-am -Ipw .

371 -˛374 Fs‚ BK-l-Øn\mkv]-Z -am -bn -´p -≈Xpw bYm¿∞ kXy-a -√. hn\m-i -I -c - amb Imcy -ß -fm -W v . AtX kabw kXysØ Ign -bp -I -bpa n -√ .CØcw h nNm - cßƒ D≠m -Ip - tºmƒ a\ - n -e p - f -hm -I p∂ ]mc -hiywFßs\ \nb-¥n -°m≥ Ignbpw?

375˛379˛374 ¬ ]d. -bp∂ hyXykvX hnIm-c -ßƒ a\- n¬ \nd -bp -tºmƒsImSp -¶m-‰n¬s∏´ Hcp I∏-ens‚ Ah-ÿ-bmWv \c-I-Øn¬∏-Xn® ]m]n -°p-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. Ne-\m-fl-I-amb Hcp kz`m-thm‡n h¿Æ-\-bm-Wn-hnsS Ihn\S-Øp-∂-Xv. ]m]n-bpsS a\- ns‚ ]£p-_v[-Xsb tImfn¬s∏´p XI¿∂p-e-bp∂ I∏-en-t\mSv D¬t]-£n-®Xpw hnNm-c-c -a -Wobw Xs∂.



240

DZ[n ˛ kap-Zw. bm\-]Xw ˛ I∏¬. AZn -k-am\w ˛ aebv°p-Xp-eyw. Du¿an˛ Xnc -am -e. ]lnXw ˛ FbvX-b-bv°-s∏-´.

380˛385 i‡-\mb hn√mfn Ab® Aºv DS-s\-Xs∂ AXns‚ e£yw ]m]n-°m≥ shºp-∂-Xp-t]m-se, a\:km£n-tbmSv cRvPn®v AXn-em-\-µn-°m≥ Xoh-amb shº¬ \c-I-]m-]n-°p-≠m-Ipw. ]t£ \njv^-e-amb tamlhpw ê-c-ln-X-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. AXv AXy-[n-I-am-b Zp:Jw Df-hm-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. CuA\p-`-h-ß-sf-°m-sfm°w DXvIrjvSam-bXv \cIw Xs∂. ChnsS tijvTwF∂ ]Z-Øn\v DXvIr-jvS-sa-∂√ ]mcayw F∂m-Wm-i-bw. X\n°v AXy¥wem`w \evIm-\n-S-bp≈ cXv\-ßƒ \nd™ I∏¬ sImSp-¶m-‰n¬s∏´p Xmgp-∂Xv t\m°n-\n-evt°-≠n-h-cp∂ sNń (I-®-h-S-°m-c≥)bv°v D≠m-Ip∂ Zp:Jw\c-IZp:Jhp-ambn Xń-®p-t\m-°p-tºmƒ hfsc \n m-c-am-Wv.

386˛390 \jvS-s∏´ KpW-Øn\p Xpey-am-Wv, \c-I-Øn¬s∏´ a\p-jys‚ a\- n-ep-≠m-Ip∂ Zp:Jw AXv AXp-ey-amb k¶-S-am-sW∂v _p≤n-sIm≠v a\- n-em-°n, [¿Ωm-[¿Ω-Øn¬ Ncn®v B\µw t\Sm≥, `qan-bnse a\p-jy≥ ian-®m¬Ah¿ _p≤n-am-∑m-cm-Ipw. \c-IZp:Jw AX-amXw `b-¶-am-sW-¶nepw \c-IsØe£y-am°n ]bmWw sNøp∂ hnUvQn-I-fm-W-[n-Iw.

391˛395 kXy-thZsØ \nµn®v ]nim-Np-°sf tkhn-°p-∂-hcpw; kXy-th-Z-Ønse]am-W-ßsf FXn¿°p-∂hcpw icn-bmb ssZh-hn-izmkw ]pe¿Øp-∂-h-tcmSpiXpX Im´p-∂-hcpw I≈-kXyw sNøp∂ \oN-∑mcpw ssZhm-cm-[-\bv°pssZhw \n›-bn® Znh-ksØ (km-_-Øv) am\n-°msX \S-°p-∂-hcpw amXm-]n-Xm-°-∑m-scbpw bP-am-\-∑m-scbpw bYm-hn[n BZ-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p∂ A[-a-∑mcpwa\- n¬ Aa¿jw ]q≠p \S-°p-∂-hcpw a\p-jysc sImesNøp-∂-hcpw ]c-kvXo-K-a\w \S-Øp-∂-hcpw taml-N-]-e-∑m-cpw.

396˛400 I≈-∑mcpw [\sØ kw_-‘n®v I]-S-amb D]-tZiw \evIp∂ ZpjvS-∑mcpw I≈-∑msc kln-bm-°p-∂-hcpw I≈-km-£n-Ifpw ]c-kvXo-I-tfmSv Imaw]q≠v Z pcmi h®p]pe¿Øp -∂ -hcpw Al-¶m -c n -Ifpw ]W-tØm -S p≈B¿ØnsIm≠v N]-e-cm-bn -Øo¿∂-hcpw tamlw sIm≠v hgn -sX-‰n -b-hcpwss]ip-\y-ap-≈-hcpw AXn-`-£-I-∑mcpw aZyw tkhn®v aØ-cm-b-hcpw s]s´∂ptIm]n-°p-∂-hcpw aµ_p-≤n-I-fmb ]m]n-Ifpw h¿Im-eØv [mcm-f-ambn ags]øp-∂-Xp-t]msebpw Npg-en-°m-‰n¬ Ce-Iƒ hogp-∂-Xp-t]m-sebpw ˛

401-˛405 temI-tØmSv XmXv]cyw ]pe¿Øp∂ a\p-jy¿ Ft∏mgpw \c-I-Øn¬hoWp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. (A¿tWmkv ]mXn-cn-bpsS Imhy-`mj s]mXpsh Ae-¶m-c-k-ar-≤-a-√. F∂m-eo-`m-KØv AXy¥w efn-X-sa-¶nepw ê-]-Z-amb c≠pkmZr -tim -‡n-Iƒ kzoI-cn -®n -cn -°p -∂p. \c-I-Øn¬ ]m]n -Iƒ hogp -∂Xvh¿jIm-esØ ag-t]m-sebpw Npg-en-°m-‰n¬ DW-ßnb Ce-Iƒ t]mse-bp-a-tX) Xß-sfm-‰-bv°-√, Iqń-\p-Nn-e¿IqSn-bp-≈-Xp-sIm≠p k¥m]w Ipd-bp-sa∂p Icp-Xp∂ aSb-∑m-cp-≠v. F∂m¬ Xo°-\¬ h¿≤n-°p-tºmƒ Fßs\IjvSX Ipd-bm-\m-Wv.

ap≈p-Iƒ h¿≤n-°p-tºmƒ ap\Ifpw h¿≤n-°p-Itb D≈q. [mcmfw Zcn-Z¿Hcp-an-®p-tN¿∂m¬ kar-≤n-bp-≠m-hn-√t√m. Xo h¿≤n-°p-tºmƒ XWp-∏p-≠m-Iptam? AXn`b¶-c-ambn Bfn-°-Øp∂ Xobn¬ s\søm-gn -®m¬ Xo AW-bptam? iXp-°-fpsS FÆw IqSp-tºmƒ a’cw Ipd-bptam?



241

406˛410 AXp-t]mse \c-I-Øn¬ P\-ß-fpsS FÆw Ipdbp-tºmƒ k¶Sw h¿≤n-°pI amXta sNøq. kap-Z-Ønse Pew apgp-h≥ Hcp InW-‰n-te°p am‰m≥Ign-t™-°mw. ac-ß-fnse Ce-I-fp-sS-sbms° IW-s°-Sp-°m≥ Ign-s™-∂p-h-cmw. Cu `qan-bn-seX aW¬Ø-cnIfps≠∂v IW-°p-Iq-´m≥ Ign-t™-°mw.\qdp-i-X-am\w Akm-[y-amb Imcyw km[n-s®∂pw hcmw. F¶nepw KpWm-\p-K≥ F∂ alm-ap\n ]d-™-Xp-tI´v ]pI-bp∂ a\-t m-Sp-Iq-Sn˛

416˛420 \√-hÆw Btem-Nn®v AXns‚ ImcWw At\z-jn-®p. Cu ITn-\-ambin£-bv°p-hn-[n-°m≥ Hcp Imc-Whpw a\- n¬ tXm∂p-∂n-√. At∏mƒ XØz-_p-[≥ F∂ Kpcp a\- -en-thmsS KpWm-\p-Ks\ t\m°n AXns‚ Imc-W-sa-s¥∂p tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ, KpWm-\p-K≥ ]d-™p. A\-¥-amb k¿th-iz-c≥ Icp-W-bpsS Be-b-am-sW∂v imkvXn-Isf-√m-hcpw Dd-∏p-\¬Ip-∂p. Aß-s\-bp≈Hcp ssZhw a\pjys\ Cßs\ in£n-°ptam? Aev]-_p-≤n-I-fmb a\p-jy¿°p-sX-‰p-]-‰p-∂p. AXns‚ ê-am-Is´ \nXy-amb bmX-\-bpw.

421-˛425 a\p-jy¿ sX‰p-Iƒ \nan-jw-sIm≠v sNbvXp-Xo¿°p-∂p. AXns‚ ê-amb \c-I-bm-X\ A\-¥-ambn \ofp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Cu \n¿±-b-amb hn[na\- n-em-°pI Ffp-∏-a-√. AXn-s\-°p-dn®v [ym\n-®m¬ Hcp-Ø-c-Øn-se-Øp-∂p-an-√. DØ-a-\mb ap\n-bpsS Cu hm°pIƒ tI´v ]c-a-kXyw Kln® XØz-_p-[≥ Cßs\ adp-]Sn \evIn. A\-¥-amb Zb-bpsS kap-Zhpw awK-f-Im-c-\p-amb ssZhw imkn-°p-∂-h-\p-am-Wv, Ir]m-hm-cn-[n-bmb Ahn-Sp∂v ZpjvS-I¿Ω-ßƒ°v Cu hn[w in£ \¬Ip-∂p-s≠-¶nepw I¿Ω-ßƒs°m-Ø-hÆw ITn-\-in£ \¬Ip-∂n-√. k\-b-im-kvXmhv ˛ \oXn-tbmsS hn[n-°p-∂-h≥.

426-˛431 \∑bv°v A¿ln-°p-∂-Xn-e-[nIw ]mcn-tXm-jnIw \¬Ip∂ ssZhwZpjvIr-Xy-ßƒ°p Xmc-X-tay\ sNdnb in£tb \¬Ip-∂p-≈q. CXp a\- n-em-°m≥ th≠n Cu IY \o tIƒ°p-I. Ihn ]pXnb ZrjvSm¥ IY-bn-te°pIS-°p-∂p. k¬°o¿Øn-tbmsS `cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp cmPyØv i‡-\mb HcpcmPmhv \mbm-´p-\-SØn £oWn®v IqsS-bp≈ AI-º-Sn-°m-cn¬ \n∂-I∂v Imń-eqsS \S-°p-tºmƒ Iqc-∑m-cmb sIme-]m-X-In-I-fpsS Iq´-sØ-°-≠p. Ah¿kpµ-cn-bmb Hcp bph-Xnsb _‘-\-ÿ-bm-°n, \njvI-cpWw BI-an-®-Xn-\p-tijw Bg-ap≈ Hcp Ipgn-bn-en´v h[n-°m≥ `mhn-°p-∂p.

432-˛435 Zp:Jw \nd™ \ne-hn-fn°p Imc-W-sa-s¥∂v cmPmhv i≤n-®p-t\m-°n-b-t∏mƒ AXy-[n-I-amb k¶-Sw-sIm≠v hnh-i-bm-bn-Øo¿∂ kvXosb ZpjvS-∑m-cmb I≈-∑m-cpsS Iq´w sIm√m≥ `mhn-°p-∂-XmWv I≠-Xv. tNmc-]p-c≠vhnIr-X-amb ico-c-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb kvXosb Icp-W-tbmsS t\m°n. A_-e-bmbAh-tfmSp _em-evImcw ImWn-°-cp-Xv. Ah-sf sIm√msX hn´-b-bv°-W-sa∂pw]d-™p.ipXzm-˛-tI-ń-´v, kpjncw ˛ Ipgn, Kpl Fs∂m-s°-b¿Yw ]d-bmw. cpZncw ˛Ic-®n¬.

436˛440 cmPm-hns‚ \n¿t±iw \njv^-e-am-b-tX-bp-≈q. XnI™ Iqc-X-tbmsSXs∂, Ah¿ Xß-fpsS ]hrØn XpS¿∂p. At∏mƒ Ah-fpsS Zp:Jw I≠n´vAhsf c£n-°m≥ Ir]-tbmsS a\- n-ep-d-®p. H‰-bv°m-sW-¶nepw \n¿`-b-amba\-t m-Sp-IqSn bp≤-Øn\p k∂-≤-\mb cmPmhv G‰p-ap-´p-I-Xs∂ sNbvXp.Hcmƒ H‰bv°v hen-sbmcp Zp¿÷-\-tØm-tS-‰p-ap-´p-I! B bp≤w hnh-cn-°m≥ChnsS ka-b-an√ AXp-ey-\mb cmPm-hn\pw lnwkm-ep-°-fmb ZpjvS-∑m¿°pw[oc-X-sIm≠v A[n-I-amb i‡n-bp-≠m-bn.cm⁄m-h‡w ˛ cmPm-hns‚ hm°p-Iƒ. Iucyw ˛ ZpjvS-X. ZrjvSzm ˛ I≠n-´v, XmWw ˛ c£. lnwk-∑m¿ ˛ sIme-]m-X-In-Iƒ.



441˛445 cmPmhv £oWn®p At±-l-Øns‚ ta\n-bn¬ apdn-th-‰p. BsI Xf¿s∂-¶nepw a\-ssÿcyw ssIhn-SmsX, kvXobpsS c£-bv°p-th≠n ZpjvS-∑mscHmSn-°p-thmfw bp≤w XpS-cm≥ Xs∂ Xocp-am-\n-®p. cmPm-hns‚ hnip-≤-amba\- ns‚ e£yw a\- n-em-°n-b, kz¥w Poh-\m-i-Ønte CXp Iem-in°qF∂v Kln®p `b-∂, Iqc-∑m¿ kpµ-cnsb AhnsS Dt]-£n-®n´v HmSn-°-f-™p. kpµ-cn°v c£ In´n-b-t∏mƒ ico-c-Øn-te‰ apdn-hp-Iƒ hI-sh-bv°msXcmPmhpw kt¥m-jn-®p.\riw-k-hrµw ˛ ZpjvS-∑m-cpsS Iq´w.

446˛450 At∏m-tg°pw tkh-I-∑m-cp-sa-Øn. cmPm-hns‚ ico-c-Ønse apdn-hp-Iƒ I≠v Ah¿ Zp:JnX-cmbn \n∂p. At∏mƒ cmPmhp ]d-™p. Fs∂c£n°p∂-sX-ß-s\tbm AXp-t]mse Fs‚ tNmc-sIm≠v tamNn-∏n-°-s∏-´-hsf \nßƒ c£n-°-Ww. cmP-I-ev]-\-b-\p-k-cn®v tkh-I-∑m¿ hfsc t¢in®vsshZy-∑mscbpw Huj-[-ß-sfbpw FØn-®p. XpS¿®-bmbn Ahsf ipiq-jn-®-t∏mƒ ˛`cn-°pI ˛ ipiq-jn-°pI F∂m-Wn-hnsS A¿∞w. `nj-°p-Iƒ ˛ sshZy-∑m¿.

451˛455 Ah-fpsS Zp:Jhpw ico-c-Øn-t\‰ ]cn-°p-Ifpw s]mdp-Øp. a\- ns‚hym[n Ah-km-\n-®-tXmsS Ahƒ kpµ-cn-bm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. cmPm-hns‚ At\z-j-W-Øn¬ Ahƒ°p tcmK-ßƒ t`Z-am-bn, Ag-Ip-≈-h-fm-bn-Øo¿∂p F∂-dn-™-t∏mƒ Ahsf ImW-W-sa-∂p-tXm-∂n. XpS¿∂v Ahƒ°vF√m-hn-[-Øn-ep-ap≈ Ae-¶m-c-ßfpw hne-]n-Sn-∏p≈ hkvX-ßfpw \evIn. CuB`-c-W-ßsf kw_-‘n-®p≈ hni-Z-hn-h-c-amWv C\n-bp≈ Cuc-Sn-I-fn¬.cpKvt`Zw ˛ tcmK-ku-Jyw. \ntNmfw ˛ ]´ph-kvX-ßƒ. Dutcm-`q-jWw ˛amdn-e-Wn-bp∂ B`-c-W-ßƒ. intcm-aWn ˛ inc- n-e-Wn-bp∂ cXv\w. Dev]-e-hn-tem-N-\˛ \otem-ev]ew t]mse Ag-Ip≈ IÆp-≈-hƒ. cq]-kp-cq]v ˛cq]-ku-jvT-hw. \r]-k-∂n[u ˛ cmP-k-∂n-[n-bn¬.

458-˛460 cmPm-hns‚ hnin-jvS-amb a\- n¬ XmXv]cyw tXm∂n-b-tXmsS At±lwAhsf thƒ°p-Ibpw Zo¿L-Imew ]cn-em-fn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

461--˛465 tNSn-Iƒ ˛ tXmgn-Iƒ. kzmKkm˛ kz¥w ]m]-Øm¬. Poh-XmWw ˛Pohs‚ c£. A]-c-≤-ambv ˛ A]-cm-[n-bm-bn. NWvUm-e-Pm-c≥ ˛ \oN-\mbPmc≥.

466-˛470 IrX-tZmjw ˛ sNbvX-sX-‰v. IrX ktZzjw ˛ D≠mb i‡-amb tIm]-tØm-sS.]m]-Øns‚ hen∏w Hm¿°p-tºmƒ `mcysb in£n-°-W-sa-∂p-tXm-∂pw. F∂m-e-h-tfmSp≈ kvt\lw AXp XS-™p-I-f-bpw. ]m]w £an-®p-sIm-Sp-Øm¬ `bw\oßp-Ibpw ho≠pw ]m]w sNøm-\p≈ ss[cy-ap-≠m-hp-Ibpw sNøpw. AXyp-K-amb ]Xm-]-`m-h-tØmsS cmPmhv sX‰p-sNbvX `mcysb Xs‚ ap≥]n¬hcp-Øn. Zp:JtØmSpw ]nb-tØmSpw `¿’-\-tØmSpw cmPmhp kwkm-cn-®-t∏mƒ Ahƒ ITn-\-amb e÷-tbmsS, tImcn-s®m-cn-bp∂ ag-t]mse Ic-™p.

471˛475 Pmbm-Zp -jvIrXw ˛ `mcy-bpsS ]m]w. Xs‚ ]gb kvt\l-tam¿ØvAhsf ho≠pw tN¿Øp-sIm-≠p. Ah-fpsS ]m]-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Hm¿Ω Ah-tfm-Sp≈ kvt\l-Øn\p `wKw hcp-Øm-Xn-cn-°m\pw i≤n-®p. h¿≤n® D’m-l-tØmsS Xs‚ ]Xv\nsb Bt«jw sNbvXp. bYm-Imaw ˛ CjvSw-t]m-se.]q¿h-Xm-]-Øn¬]-cw˛ ]≠p-≠mb Zp:JtØ-°mƒ henb Zp:JtØm-sS.

476˛480 h¿≤n® Zp:Jwaqew `mcysb XyPn-°-W-sa∂p tXm∂n. F∂m¬ Zb\nd-™-a-\- v, AXp Iqc-X-bm-sW∂v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øn. Ip‰w sNbvX kvXosb



in£n-°m≥ th≠n ZqXsc Ab®p hnfn-∏n-®p. sNbvX-]m-]-tam¿Ø-\p-X-]n-°p-sa-¶n¬ sX‰p s]mdp-°m-sa-∂-dn -bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬ AsXm∂pw^en-®n-√. \nµy-bmb Ahƒ Hcp Znhkw \n¿e-÷-bm-bn, Xs‚ Pmc-t\msSm∏w˛

481-˛485 Xs‚ `¿Øm-hns‚ k∂n-[n-bn¬ sN∂p tæ—-am-bXp ]h¿Øn-®p. Icp-Ø-\mb B alm-cm-Pmhv A\-¥-amb tIm]-tØmsS Ah-fpsS A]-cm-[-\-Øn-\-\p-k-c-W-amb in£ \evInb Xøm-dm-bn. AkvXw, iqew, NΩ´n F∂n-h-sbms° Xøm-dm-°m≥ Iev]n-®p. CXp-tI´ alm-ap\n A¥-an-√mØ in£-bpsS ImcWw Kln-®-t∏mƒ A\yq-\-amb \oXn-\n¿∆lWam-sW∂p kΩ-Xn-®p. F¶nepw CXns‚ s]mcpƒ F√m-h¿°pw Kln-°p-amdv hymJym-\n®p ]d-b-W-sa-∂v, Kp-cp-hn-t\m-Sm-hiys∏-´p. \√ a\p-jy¿°p-th≠n AXp hni-Z-am-bn-∏-d-bm-sa∂v Kpcp kΩ-Xn-®p.

487˛490 AXym-Klw aqehpw BZn-]n-Xm-hns‚ Nm]eyw aqehpw ]nim-Nns‚_‘-\-Øn-e-I-s∏´ a\p-jy-h¿K-Øns‚ ]Xo-I-amWv `¿Øm-hs\ \nc-¥cwh©n® Cu kvXo. ]nim-Nns‚ Iønse D]-I-cWw amX-am-bn-Øo¿∂ a\p-jy-h¿Kw Ht´sd IjvS-X-Ifpw bmX-\-I-fp-a-\p-`-hn-®p. ]cn-]q¿W-amb Pohn-X-ap≈ a\p-jy-hw-isØ \n¿±-b-amb a\-t msS \c-I-Øn¬ XmgvØm≥ XpS-ßn.

491˛497 B ka-bØv kakvX KpW-ß-fp-sSbpw Ccn-∏n-S-amb ssZhw tkh-I-P-\-Øm¬t]mepw ]cn-Xy-‡-\m-bn-Øo¿∂p. bp≤-`q-an-bn¬ hoWp. F¶nepw iXp-P\w ]q¿W-ambn \in-°p-Ibpw a\p-jy-h¿K-Øn\v c£-bp-≠m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.tbip-In-kvXp-hn-eq-sS-bp≈ ssZh-Øns‚ PU-[m-c-Whpw Iqip-a-c-Whpw AXn-eqsS a\p-jy-hwi-Øn-\p-≠m-b hos≠-Sp-∏p-am-Wn-hnsS kqNn-X-am-b-Xv. tbip-In-kvXp-hns\ Iqin¬X-d®v h[n-s®-¶nepw B ac-W\pw XpS¿∂p≈ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂ev]pw ]nim-Nns‚ kºq¿Æ ]cm-P-b-Øn-\mWv Imc-W-am-b-Xv. ChnsSssZhsØ h¿Wn-°p∂ `mKØpw ssZh-Øns‚ KpW-K-W-ßƒ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ssZh-Øns‚ ]cym-b-]-Z-ßƒsIm-≠p≈ Io¿Ø\w tN¿Øn-´p-≈Xv i≤n-°p-I. Fgp-Ø-—s‚ kzm[o-\-am-Wn-sX∂p hy‡w. \nJn-e-tem-I-]Xn ˛ F√mtemI-ß-fp-sSbpw cmPm-hv. k¿th-i-t\-I-]`p ˛ F√m Cuiz-c-∑m-cp-sSbpwCuiz-c-\m-bn-´p-≈-h≥. k¬∏Xn ˛ \√-h-\mb cmPm-hv. kI-e-Kp-W--]Xn ˛ F√m\√-Kp-W-ßƒ°pw A[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-´p-≈-h≥. hn≤≥ ˛ \n¿a-e≥. At¥m-\-Kp-W-\n[n ˛ A\-¥-amb KpW-ß-fpsS kap-Zw. Ahy-b≥ ˛ \mi-an-√m-Ø-h≥.

498˛500 Aßs\ a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn\v c£ ssIh-∂p. ssZhw Ht´sd hninjvS-Kp-W-ßƒ a\p-jy-h¿K-Øn\v Ae-¶m-c-ambn \¬In. Aßs\ ssZh-Øns‚hnip≤ kvt\l-Øn\p ]mX-amb Ahƒ°v (a-\p-jy-h¿K-Øn-\v) A\y-]p-cp-j-\p-ambn _‘-ap-≠m-I-cp-sX∂v hn[n-®p. kv\nKv[≥ ˛ kvt\ln-X≥.

501˛505 ]iv\-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√msX Ah¿ \∂mbn can-°p-tºmƒ Zp¿Ω-Xn-bmbAh¿ (a -\p -jy -h¿Kw) k¿th-iz -cs\ Dt]-£n®p a\p -jy-cpS iXp -hmbkmØms\ ]m]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ssZhw hf-sc-°mew Ahƒ A]-am-\-I-c-amb hgn -bn¬ \S-°msX, k¿h-Zy -°mb ssZh-Øns‚ k∂n-[n -bn¬ \S-°m\p]tZ-in-s®-¶nepw b-an-√msX ho≠pw ]m]w sNøp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. \oXn-am-\mb ssZhw AXn\p X°-in£ \¬Im≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p. al-XzsØ \nµn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v ZpjvS-X-\n-d™ ]m]n-bpsS am\-an-√mbva sIm≠pw temIØv]m]w h¿≤n-°p-∂p.

506˛510 kIe awK-f-ß-fp-sSbpw kap-Z-amb k¿th-iz-c≥ (a-\p-jy-cp-sS) \nc-¥-c -amb ]m]-ßƒ aqew \nµn -X-\m -bn -cn -°p -∂p. B¿÷-h-ap≈ Cui≥,Ft∏mgpw a\p-jys‚ \nµm-]m-X-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. \nµn-°-s∏-´-h-s‚bpw \nµ



sNbvX-h-s‚bpw tZmj-Øns‚ Af-hp-Iƒ°v A\-¥-amb hyXym-k-ap-s≠∂v\n›-bw. ]m]-tZmjw A\¥am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ZpjvSX sNbvX-h≥, Ahs‚ ZpjvS-Xbv°p Xpey-amb in£ \evImsX \nhr-Øn-bn-√. A\-¥-amb tZmj-Øn\vA\-¥-amb in£ F∂p \ymbw. B ka-bØv KpWm-\p-K≥ B›cy-tØmsS]d™p: Aß-bpsS hm°p-I-fm¬ thZm¿∞w shfn-s∏-Spw.

511˛515 kwibw Xocpw a\- ns‚ hym[nbpw AI-∂p-t]m-Ipw. Fs‚ a\- n¬hnjmZw \nd-™n-cn-°p-∂p. h√mØ kw`-a-hp-ap-≠v. Dd-°-an-√m-Xmbn `£WwIgn-°m\pw Xmev]-cy-an-√. \n¿Ω-e-\mb Aß-bpsS hm°p-Iƒ tIƒ°p-tºmƒkuJy-ap-≠m-Ipw. D≈nse®qSn-\v, ioX-f-I-c-am-bn-Øo-cp∂ hm°p-Iƒ AßvtIƒ∏n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, Zp:Jan-√m-Xm-bn-Øo-cpw. \c-Im-·n-bn¬ hogm-Xn-cn-°m-\p≈ hgn-sb-¥mWv? \∑-bpsS BZn-I-c-W-am-b-hs\ Fßs\ ]m]n-°m≥Ignbpw? Cu c≠p-Im-cy-ßfpw Npcp-°-am-bn-∏-d-™m-epw.

516˛520 At∏mƒ XØz-_p-[≥ hfsc ck-I-c-am-bn-∏-d™p XpS-ßn. kI-te-is\ Rm≥ \an-°p-∂p. Aßv Fs‚ c£m-ssZ-h-am-Ip-∂p. icn-bmb kXyw]d-bm\pw Imcy-ßƒ bp‡n-]q¿hw \n_-‘n-°m\pw XØzw ]Tn-∏n-°m\pwkIe ⁄m\-ß-fp-sSbpw BIm-c-am-b-hs\ Rm≥ A`bw ]m]n-°p-∂p. BZy-¥-lo-\hpw \mi-an-√m-Ø-h-\p-amb k¿th-iz-c≥ \nXy-bm-X-°m-cmb a\p-jysckrjvSn® ImeØv ku`mKyw t\Sm≥ Hcp hgnbpw Zu¿`m-Ky-Øn\v as‰mcphgn-bpw \n›-bn-®p. Zu¿`m-Ky-Øns‚ hgn Hgn-hm-°n, ku`m-Ky-Øns‚ hgn-bn¬ k©-cn-°m≥ a\p-jysc ]t_m-[n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

520˛538 Zp¿_p-≤n-I-fmb a\p-jy¿ k∑m¿Kw Xncn-®-dn-bmsX Zp¿am¿K-Øn¬\S∂v IjvS-s∏´p he-bp-∂p. sX‰mb hgn Hgn-hm-°m≥ ZrU-\n-›bw sNbvXn´vicn-bmb hgn Adn-bm≥ ian-°p-I. tam£-]m-]vXn-°pw -\-c-I-Øn\pw Cßs\c≠p hgn-I-tf-bp-≈q. aq∂m-a-sXm-∂n-√. apºnse hgn AXn-hn-kvXm-c-ap-≈-Xm-Wv. ]t£-µn-b-ßsf ]tem-`n-∏n-°p∂ F√mw AhnsS A\p-`-hn-°mw. a\p-jysc tamln-∏n -°p-∂-sX¥pw AhnsS e`n -°pw. ]t£ AXp-sIm≠v \oAtßm´p Xncn-b-cp-Xv. CsXms° XpS-°-Ønte In´q. ]ns∂ Zp:Jw amXtaD≠m-Iq. ico-c-Øns‚ taml-ßƒ km[n-°m-\mbn Aev]-Im-ew-sIm≠v Bflm-hns‚ c£ hy¿∞-am-°n-bm¬ \nt∂-°mƒ aqV-\mbn a‰mcpw D≠mhn√. Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h≥ Zp:Ja-\p-`-hn-t°-≠n-h-cpw. hnj-a-I-c-am-sW-∂p-h-∂mepw Ipd®pIjvSw kln®pw A[n-I-Imew kt¥m-j-a-\p-`-hn-°m-\mWv _p≤n-bp≈ a\p-jy≥ ian-°p-I. Bcw-`-Øn¬ Ipd®p thZ-\-I-f-\p-`-hn-®mepw ]ns∂ A\-¥-amb ku`mKyw Bkz-Zn-°mw.539˛540 kz¿K-Øn-te-°p≈ ]mX-bpsS h¿W-\-bm-Wn-Xv. awKfw e`n-°m-\mbnhe-Xp-h-isØ hgn-bn-eqsS \S-°-Ww. AhnsS Hcp \Zn-bp-≠v. AXns\ IS°-Ww. k¿Kw-K-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ ]cm-a¿iw A⁄m-\-Ønt‚Xt√ F∂p kwibwtXm∂mw. F∂m¬ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ AhnsS Hcp \Zn -bp -≠v. CXnse Pew⁄m\-Zm-b-I-am-Wv, CXv AXy¥w hnip-≤-am-Wv. AXv F√m ]m]-ßfpw Igp-In-°-f-bp-Ibpw tcmK-ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. ⁄m-\-Zm-b-Ihpw kIeBtcm-Ky-]-Z-hp-amb B Aar-Xn¬ F√m bmX-°mcpw BZyw kv\m\w sNø-Ww. F∂mte ap≥t]m-´p-\-S-°m≥ Ign-bq. D≈nse A‘-Im-c-Øn-\-h-km\wIpdn-°p∂ t_m[-]-Im-i-\-Øns‚ \n¿a-e-amb ]` DZn®p-b-cpw.

541˛545 kp⁄m-\-]Zw ˛ hnin-jvS-amb ⁄m\w \¬Ip-∂-Xv. AL-hn-\miw ˛]m]w C√m-Xm-°p-∂-Xv. F√m Ba-bhpw ian-∏n-°p∂ hnip≤-P-ew. Babw ˛Zp:Jw, A≤z-K-∑m¿ ˛ bmX-°m¿. A¥-c-‘m-¥-amb ˛ D≈nse B‘yw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p∂ B ]Im-isØ hnizm-k-]-Imiw F∂p-hn-fn-°p-∂-Xn-semcpsX‰p-an -√.



546˛550 A\-¥-amb kqcy-\n¬\n∂v (H-cn -°-ep -sam -Sp -ßmØ imiz -X-ambkqcy≥) D≠m-b-Xp-sIm-≠v, \nXym-‘-Im-csØ \in-∏n-°p∂ B ]Im-i-Øn-\-h-km-\-an-√. IÆp-IƒsIm≠v ImWm-hp∂ kqcys‚ ]`bmWn-sX∂v [cn-°-cp-Xv. kqcy-\-kvX-an-°p-∂-tXmsS AXn-√m-Xm-bn-Øo-cp-a-t√m. Hcn-°epw \mi-an-√mØ tXP-t mSp IqSnb Cuiz-c-\n¬\n∂v D≠m-b-Xp-sIm≠v Cu ]Imiweb-an-√m-Ø-Xm-Wv. `qan-bpsS A‘-Imcw apgp-h≥ C√m-Xm-°m-\mWv Icp-Wm-e-b-\mb ssZhw Cu shfnhv DZn-∏n-®-Xv.

551˛555 a\p-jy≥ kXy-a-dn-bmsX A‘-∑m-sc-t∏mse ]nW-ßnbpw X∏nbpw\S-°p∂p. Cu civan-bn¬ t\m°n-bmWv ]pWym-]pWyw (X-∑-Xn-∑-Iƒ) Adn-tb-≠-Xv. [¿asØ ]cn-tk-hn-°m-\m-bn, A[¿asØ XyPn-°-Ww. H∂n-¶-ep-d-®v˛ BkvXn-Iy-t_m-[-Øn-ep-d-®v. c≠ns\ Im°p-I˛ ssZh-kvt\-l-sØbpw ]c-kvt\-l-sØbpw \ne-\n¿Øp-I. Cu c≠n-s\bpw c£n-°p-I-bmWv k¥-X-ambkpJ-Øn-\p≈ am¿Kw. aq∂pi-Xp-°ƒ ˛ temIw, ]nim-Nv, PUw. \mem¬ ˛hnth-Iw, AS°w ˛ \oXn, Bfl-i-‡n. \mem-hÿ ˛ ac-Ww. hn[n, \c-Iw,tam£w. A©ns\ ˛ ]t©-µn-b-ß-sf, Zpc-¥-Øn\p Imc-W-amb Bdm-asØ]am-W-ew-L-\-Øn¬ \ns∂m-gn-™p-\n¬°p-I.

556˛560 Ggv-˛-Ggv Nmhp-tZm-j-ßƒ. Ggn≥h-im¬ ˛ hn\bw XpS-ßnb ]pWy-ßƒsIm-≠v. F´ns\ Nn¥n®v ˛ kphn-ti-j-ßƒ Db¿Øn-°m-´p∂ F´p `mKy-ßƒ. \h kwJy ˛ H≥]Xv F∂ kwJy ˛ ChnsS hnh-£nXw hy‡-a-√.]Øn-t\m-sSmØv ˛ ]Øv ]q¿W-X-sb-°p-dn-°p∂ kpJy-bm-hmw. ]Øp I¬]-\-I-fp-am-Imw. CsXms° km[n-°p-∂Xv ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ kvt\lw, A\y-a-\p-jy-tcm-Sp≈ kvt\lw F∂o hnin-jvS-aq-ey-ßƒ sIm≠m-Wv.

561˛565˛ ktΩmZw ˛ kt¥m-j-tØm-sS. XØ-cp -hn¬ ˛ B hr£-Øn¬.Bekyw ˛ £oWw. ic-W-a-Xp-sIm≠v ic-W-a-Xn-\mJym ˛ AXp c£-\¬Ip-∂-Xp-sIm≠v AXn\p ic-W-sa-∂p-t]¿. Hu¿hm-¥n-I-Øn¬ ˛ kap-Zm-·nbpsSa[y-Øn¬. D]hn F∂ t]tcmSp IqSnb kzcq]sØ tkhn-°p-I. \√ kz`m-h-ap-≈-h\pw D]-Imcw sNøp-∂-h\pw tem`-tIm-[m-Zn-I-fn-√m-Ø-h\pw Icp-Wm¿Z-amb a\-kp-≈-hp-am-W-bmƒ. ]pWy-Øns‚ ae-ap-I-fn¬ \n∂n-dßn XmW hgn-bn-eqsS at\m-l-c-amb Hcp Zn°n¬ sN∂p ]m¿°mw.

566˛570 aRvPp-f-ap≈ Znin ˛ at\m-l-c-amb tZiw. ZpcpjvWw ˛ ITn-\-ambNqSv. kpc-`n-bp-X˛ kuc-`y-ap-≈. XX ˛ Ahn-sS. bYm¿∞ ⁄m\n, Ht´sdhnin-jvS-amb KpW-ß-fp≈ Ah-bn¬ i≤n-®n´v \√ ⁄m\-Øns‚ ]pjv]sØkt¥m-j-tØmsS FSpØv NqSp -Ibpw aW-∏n -°p -Ibpw sNøpw. Aßs\⁄m\hpw aSnbpw Al-¶m-chpw a‰p _e-lo-\-X-Ifpw C√m-sX-bm-Ipw. kz¥w⁄m\-Øns‚ KpWw-sIm≠v Al-¶m-chpw Adn-hn-√m-bva krjvSn-°p∂ Nn¥-Ifpw ]c-Zq-jW ]h-W-Xbpw a‰p-tZm-j-ßfpw C√m-Xm-Ipw.571˛575 kz¿K-Øn-\-\p-Kp-W-amb ]hr-Øn-Iƒ sNøm≥ tXm∂pw. NoØ-°m-cy-ßsf \nµ-tbmsS Dt]-£n-°pw. \∑-bpsS B Zn°n-se-Øn-°-gn-™m¬]ns∂]m]-Øns‚ hgn-I-fn¬ \S-t°-≠-Xn-√. Aß-s\sb-s¥-¶nepw ]tem-`-\-ap-≠m-bm¬ AXp ]cn-l-cn-°m-\p≈ a¥w ]d-™p-X-cmw. Cu Huj[w F√m-hn-[-amb hym[n-Iƒ°pw ]cn-lm-c-am-Wv. kIe KpW-ß-tfmSpw IqSn ]cm-]-c-\mbssZhta kI-e-Xn-t\-°mfpw A[n-I-ambn F∂m¬ kvt\ln-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ AßvtbmKy-\m-Wv. Aßv Dt]-£n-°p-∂-Xn-s\-sbms° Rm\pw Ft∏mgpw Dt]-£n-°p-∂p. Rm≥ sNbvXp-t]m-bXpw thZ-hn-]-co-X-am-b-Xp-amb ]m]-ßsf Rm≥shdp-°p-∂p.



246

576˛580 Cu a¥w P]n-®p-I-gn-™m-ep-Ss\ aSn-Iq-SmsX ]m]-ta‰p ]d-™p-t]-£n-°-Ww. At∏mƒ Bflm-hns‚ tcmKhpw \oßpw. ]m]Ip‰w £an-®n-Sp -Ibpw sNøpw, F√m thZ-\-Ifpw amdpw. BtcmKyw e`n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. GI-\mbn s]cp-h-gn-bn-eqsS \S-°-cp-sX∂v sNm√p-≠t√m. F∂m¬ ]pWy-Øns‚hgn-bn¬ \S-°p-tºmƒ GI-\m-s\∂ `bw th≠. GI-\m-bm¬t∏mepw [¿Ω-Ønsc ]mX-bn-eqsS \S-°-Ww. ]ng-h-gn˛ sX‰mb hgn. [¿a-]-Ÿmhv ˛ [¿a-Øns‚ hgn.

581˛585 kpIr-X-tk-hn-Iƒ ˛ ]pWyw sNbvX-h¿. kaq-lmev]w ˛ Aev]w kaq-lw, sNdnb Iq´w. kzwhn\m ˛ [\-an-√m-Ø. ]c-am¿∞w ˛ kXy-k-‘-∑m¿.K¿h-lo\w ˛ Ffn-b-h¿. Zo\¿ ˛ tcmKw sIm≠v Ah-i-cm-b-h¿. Akm-c-∑m¿˛ \nkm-c-∑m¿. Ah¿ \nkm-c-∑m-cm-sW∂p IcpXn Ah-cp-am-bn-S-Sp≈ Iq´mbvaDt]-£n-°p-hm-\p≈ Zpjvt]-cW shSn-bWw. bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Cu temI-ØnseXp—-amb em`-ßƒ XyPn® k¬Kp-W-]q¿W-cmWv Ch¿. tam£sØ At]-£n®v Cu temIsØ kº-Øp-Iƒ hy¿Y-sa∂p Kln®v sh≈nbpw kz¿W-hp-sams° Dt]-£n-®-h¿. Ima-tIm-[m-Zn -Isf Pbn®v A[n-I-amb Xt]m-_ewt\Sn hnin-jvS-amb D]-hm-kw, Pbw, hn\bw XpS-ßnb ]pWy-ßƒ sIm≠vtim`n-°p∂ tijvT-hy-‡n-Iƒ Xs∂. Ahsc ]q¿W-amb BZ-c-thmsS ]n¥p-S-c-Ww. AXn\v aSntbm Xma-ktam Acp-Xv. Aßs\ kw`-hn-®m¬ Iogvt]m-´p-hoWv IS-∂p-t]mb hgn-bn¬Øs∂ Xncn-s®-Øpw.

591˛595 i‡-amb Hgp-°p≈ ]pg-bn¬ ta¬t∏m´p t]mIp-tºmƒ I≠p-I-fn-f-Im-Xn-cp-∂m¬ sh≈w Xmtgm-s´m-gp-Ipw-t]mse \S-°msX aSn-]n-Sn-®p-\n-∂m¬ico-c-Øns‚ `mc-Øm¬ Xmtgm-´p-ho-gp-I-Xs∂ sNøpw. CsXms° Hm¿Øv\nc-¥-c-amb thK-X-tbmsS iXp-hns‚ amb-Isf hI-h-bv°msX \S-°-Ww.icnbmb hgn-bn-eq-sS-b-√msX \S-°-cp-Xv. hgn-sX-‰n-bp≈ bmX Ft∏mgpw A]-I-S-am-bn-cn-°pw. £oWw D≠m-Im-Xn-cn-°m≥ kz¥w `mcw If-b-Ww.

596˛600 tijvT-amb hn\-b-tØmsS tZlsØ c£n-°-Ww. `qan-bnse a\p-jy-tcmSv Aen-hp-≠m-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw thWw. Ft∏mgpw icn sNøm≥ i≤n-°-Ww.`£-W-tØm-Sp≈ Aan-X-amb AKlw Dt]-£n-°-Ww. CØcw ]hr-Øn-IƒsIm≠v k¬KpWw B¿Pn-°m≥ Ign-bpw. kXzcw ˛ s]s´-∂v. DK-tadpw˛ \s∂ Db¿∂. ]¿h-X-Øns‚ apI-fn¬ ]e-hn-[-Øn-ep≈ cXv\-ßƒ hnf-bp-∂p. Ah-bn-te-‰hpw DXvIr-jvSw., Bfl-⁄m\w, ssZh-`-bw. hnNm-cw, Bfl-i-‡n, t_m[w, kp⁄m-\w., `‡n F∂o Fgp cXv\-ß-f-tX.

601˛605 awK-f-I-c-amb Cu ]¿h-Xm-K-Ønse ][m\ cXv\-Øns‚ \ndw BImi-Øn-t‚-Xp-Xs∂. kq£n-®p-t\m-°n-bm¬, `qan-bnse hkvXp-°-sf√mw B ip`-I-c-amb kz`m-h-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-h-bm-sW∂p ImWmw. Aip-≤-amb Ah Xo¿®-bmbpw\nµy-am-bn-tØm-∂pw. kpa-e-bp‡w Aip-≤w. F∂m¬ ]¿h-Xm-K-Ønse cXv\-ß-fn¬ kz¿tem-I-]-Im-i-Øns‚ AXn-a-t\m-l-c-amb ]Xn-^-e-\-amWv ImWp-∂-Xv. A[ym-fl-]-Imiw tib-kvI-c-amb Adnhp-\¬Ipw. _p≤n sXfn-bp-Ibpwa\-kns‚ kt¥m-j-tØmsS, At\Iw KpW-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb \oebpw sh≈bpwIe¿∂ cXv\-tØ-°m-Wm≥ Ign-bpw.

606˛610 IdpØ h¿Ww \nXy-amb k¥m-]-Øns‚ Adnhp \¬Ip-∂p. shfpØ\ndw tijvT-amb KpW-ß-fpsS kvac-W-bp-≠m-°p-∂p. ssZh-`-bw-sIm-≠v, c≠pImcy-ßfpw ˛ AXm-bXv \nXy-amb k¥m-]sØ°pdn-®p≈ Adnhpw tijvT-Kp-W-ß-fpsS kvac-Whpw ˛ Ft∏mgpw Nn¥n®v kz¿K-`m-Ky-ßƒ t\Sm≥ \oHcp-sº-Sp-I. aq∂m-asØ cXv\w hfsc AI-se-bp-≈-sX√mw Im´n-Ø-cp-I-bpwsNøpw. Btem-N\ sIm≠v CXp-c≠pw Kln-°m≥ Ign-bp-a-t√m. \mem-asØcXv\w G‰w at\m-l-c-amb sshc-am-Wn-°-am-Wv. hfsc _e-ap≈ AXv Hcp



tXbvam-\hpw kw`hn°msX F√m-°m-eØpw \ne-\n-ev°pw. X√n-bmepw ASn-®mepw AXn\v \mi-ap-≠m-hp-I-bn-√.

611˛615 AXv Bfl-i-‡n-sIm≠v Ft∏mgpw am‰-an-√msX \ne-\n-ev°pw. H∂p-sIm≠pw a\-kn\v `b-ap-≠m-Ip-I-bn-√. A©m-asØ cXv\-am-Is´, IÆm-Sn-sb-∂-t]mse ⁄m\-°-Æn\v F√m cq]-ßfpw Imń-s°m-Sp-°pw. AsX√mw t_m[w-sIm≠v th¿Xn-cn-s®-Sp-°m\pw Ign-bpw. Aip-≤-amb kz¿W-h¿Ww sIm≠vAXn-a-t\m-l-c-amWv Bdm-asØ cXv\w. AXy¥w tim`m-b-am-\-amb B cXv\whnin-jvS-amb ⁄m\-Øns‚ KpW-a-tX. tam£-^-e-Øns‚ e£W-amb c-X-IXv\w `‡n°v ssZhw \evIp∂ Zm\-amb adp-]-Sn-b-tX.

616˛620. Ahn-c-X-tamZw ˛ Ah-km-\n-°mØ kt¥mjw. DØ-c-kpJw ˛ kz¿K-kp-Jw. kz¿Kw, tam£w F∂o A¿∞ß-fn¬ Chn-sS-sbms° DØ-c-sa∂]Zw Bh¿Øn-®p-h-cp-∂p. ]q¿h ùa-hpw. Du `qan-bnse kpJw s]´∂v C√m-Xm-Ipw.

621˛626 ]c-tem-I-Øn¬ e`n-°mØ ckw, Bkzm-Zy-a-√. (A-XmbXv ùa-ambkt¥m-j-ßƒ) AXm-kz-Zn-°m≥ XpS-ßp-tºmƒ Zmlw h¿≤n-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. Cu kXyw Kln-®n´v, icn-bmb hgn-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ [mc-W-tbm-sS, Fs∂-t∂-bv°p-am-bp≈ tib- n-\mbn ]cn-i-an-°p-I. CXbpw ]d-™p-sIm≠v XØz-_p-[≥ btYjvSw \S-∂p. ]d-™-sX√mw KpWm-\p-K≥ icn-bmbn [cn-®p. Aip-≤n-°p-th≠n kz¿WsØ XyPn-°p∂ a\-kmWv `qan-tbm-Sm-k‡n ImWn-°p-∂-sX-∂p-d-®p-sIm≠v , ssZhn-I-amb B\µw kZm Bkz-Zn®p hkn-°m-\m-bn,\nkm-c-amb `qansb XyPn-°m-\p≈ k∂-≤-X-tbm-Sp-IqSn Xm]-k≥ Imń-s°m-SpØ hgn-bn¬°q-Sn, KpW]m-]vXn-°p-th≠n bYm-hn[n ]cn-i-an-®p.

627˛632. `mhn-bn¬ hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ IjvSw AXn-`-b-¶-c-sa∂p Kln®v k÷-\-ß-tfm-Sp≈ Iq´m-bva-bn¬ XmXv]cyw h®v, kz¿Ko-bm-\-µ-Øm¬ BK-l-tØmsS\√-h-gn-bn-eqsS Ncn-°m≥ F√m-hcpw Xøm-dm-bm¬, Ah¿°p kt¥m-jhpw \nXy-ku-`m-Kyhpw ssIh-cpw. As√-¶n¬ bqZm-kn-t\mSpw a‰p-]nimNp-°-fpsS Iq´-tØmSpw tN¿∂v A·n-bn¬ Zln-®v, c£-bn-√msX \nXy-amb Zpc-¥-Øn-te¿s∏´v\ne-hn-fn-tbmsS Zp:Jn°pw. tJZ-ß-sf√mw Hgn-hm-°m-\mbn kt¥m-jsØ Hm¿ØvkZm-Nm-c-tØmsS \S-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Zp:Jß-fp-≠m-ImsX tam£-tem-IØp\nXy-ambn hkn-°m≥ Ign-bpw.

tambn≥Ipń sshZy¿(1852-˛1892)am∏n-f-∏m´p kmln-Xy-Øn\v ka-KX \¬Inb Ihn-bmWp tambn≥Ip-ń-

ssh-Zy¿.-]-ta-b-k-hn-ti-j-X-sIm≠pw Km\m-fl-IX sIm≠pw ae-_m-dnse P\-km-am-\ysØ Gsd kzm[o-\n® Ihn-bmWnt±-lw.-\n-c-h[n Xe-ap-d-I-I-fpsS]W-b-kz-]v\-ßsf ]pjvI-e-am-°nb _Z-dp¬ ap\o¿ lpkv\p¬ Pam¬ F∂Hscm‰ Imhyw-Xs∂ sshZy-cpsS Ihn-]-Xn-`-bpsS Bgw hy‡-am-°pw.-ho-c-ckw Xpfp-ºp∂ bpt≤-Xn-hr-Ø-ßsf B[m-c-am°n cNn® JZ¿ ]S-∏m´v,DlvZv]S-∏m-´v, ae-∏pdw ]S-∏m´v F∂n-hbpw it≤-b-ß-fm-Wv.-C-∂sØ ae-∏pdw Pn√-bnse sImt≠m-ń-bn¬ 1852 emWv tambn≥Ipń sshZy-cpsS P\-\w.-B-Zy-Im-eØv ]ø¬ Xz_o_v F∂ Xqen-Im-\maw kzoI-cn-®n-cp∂ sshZy¿ ]n¬°m-eØv ]i-kvXn-bpsS ]S-hp-Iƒ Hs∂m-∂mbn Ib-dp-I-bp-≠m-bn.-]-W-b-Ko-X-ßfpw IØp-]m-´p -Ifpw cNn-®p-sIm-≠mWv sshZy¿ Xs‚ Imhy-k-c-Wn°vXpS°w Ipdn-®-Xv. -Km-\m-fl-I-X-bmWv sshZy-cpsS Imhy-]-]-©-Øns‚ apJy-k-hn-ti-j-X.-A¿∞-km-≤y-X-Isf _en-I-gn-°msX Xs∂ i_vZm-e¶m-c-ßƒat\m-l-c-ambn ]tbm-Kn-°m-\p≈ Ignhv Cu Ihn°v thdn´ hy‡nXzw \¬Ip-∂p.bp≤-cw-K-ßƒ h¿Wn-°p-tºmgpw hoc-ckw Bhn-jvI-cn-°p-tºmgpw BWv



sshZy-cpsS Ihn-]-Xn` IqSp-X¬ Zo]vX-am-hp-∂-Xv. -I-Ym-]m-X-ßƒ°p≈ angn-hm¿∂ hy‡n-Xz -amWv as‰mcp khn-ti-j-X._Z-dp¬ ap\o¿ lpkv\p¬Pamense IYm]m-X-k-ao-]\w DZm-l-c-Ww.bYm-X-Y-amb A¥-co-£-kr-jvSn,-A¿∞-]q¿W-amb Ae-¶m-c-]-tbm-K-ßƒ,-]-Zu-Nn-Xyw,-`m-h-Øns‚ Ian-I-ambhnImkw XpSßn Ht´sd LS-I-ßƒ sshZy¿Ir-Xn-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-I-fm-Wv.Ad-_n-a-e-bmfhpw am∏n-f-∏m-´p-Ifpw

Xangvani-amb ]m´v,kw-kvIr-X-an-i-amb aWn-]-hmfw F∂-Xp-t]mse Ad-_nbpw ae-bm-fhpw tN¿∂ Ad-_n-a-e-bmfw Fs∂mcp `mj am∏n-f-am¿°n-S-bn¬ ]Nm-c-Øn-ep-≠v.Cu `mjbv°v kz¥-amb Hcp en]n kº-Zmbw t]mep-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.Cu en]n-bn¬ Hcp ImeØp ]X-ßfpw amkn-I-Ifpw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-cp-∂p.-A©p \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ncn-Xhpw \nc-h[n ]Zy-Ir-Xn-I-fp-ap≈ hn]p-e-amsbmcp kmln-Xy-k-ºØv Ad_n ae-bm-fØn-\p-≠v. -A-Xnse ]Zy-im-J-bmWv am∏n-f-∏m-´p-Iƒ.]mkhpw Xmfhpw \ne-\n¿Øp∂ Imcy-Øn¬ am∏n-f-∏m-´p-Iƒ henb \njvI¿j h®p-]p-e¿Øp-∂p.-kwkvIm-c-k-a-\z-b-Øn-s‚-sb-∂-t]mse `mjm-k-a -\z -b-Øn-s‚bpw Awi-ßƒ-F√m am∏nf∏m´p -I-fnepwImWmw. Ad-_n, -kw-kvIrXw, Xan-gv, lnµp-ÿm-\n, -]m¿kn,-I-∂S XpS-ßnb`mj-I-fnse ]Z-ßƒ kpe-`-ambn am∏n-f-∏m-ń¬ ImWmw.-CuWw, Xmfw, ]mkwF∂n-h-tbmSv HØp-t]m-Im≥ th≠n GXp-`m-j-bn¬\n∂pw hm°v kzoI-cn-°pIF∂-XmWv am∏n-f-∏m´v Fgp-Xp-∂-h-cpsS s]mXp-th-bp≈ coXn.

kwKo-X-Øn\p ap≥Xq-°-ap≈ Hcp Km\-im-J-bmWv am∏n-f-∏m-´v. Hcp ]m´vam∏n-f-∏m-´mtWm F∂p Xocp-am-\n-°m-\p≈ D]m-[n-I-fn¬ ][m\w AXp ]mSn-t°ƒ°p-I-bm-Wv. -am-∏n-f-∏m-´p-I-fnse CuW-Øns‚ Xmf-Iaw Ci¬ F∂m-W-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. -sXm-¶¬,-sIm-ºv,-B-Zn-A-¥w,-]p-Ib\m¿ XpSßn Ht´sd Ci-ep-I-fp-≠v.-C-i-ep-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm\w Zmhn-U-Km-\-co-Xn-bm-Wv.-A-d_n CuWhpwZmhn-U-Xm-fhpw am∏n-f-∏m-ńs‚ kwKo-X-Øn¬ ka-\z-bn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

I-ºn,-I-gpØv, hm¬°-ºn,-hm-ep-Ω¬°ºn F∂n-h-bmWv am∏n-f-∏m-ńse][m\ ]mk-hyh-ÿ-Iƒ.Hcp ]mZ-Ønse Hmtcm JWvU-Øn-t‚bpw BZym-£cw kam-\-am-hWw F∂ \n_-‘-\-bmWv Iºn. BZym-£-c-]m-k-sat∂m]mZm¿≤m-Zn-]m-k-sat∂m ]d-bmw. ]m´p-km-ln-Xy-Øn¬°m-Wp∂ tam\ Xs∂-bm-WnXv. ZznXo-bm-£-c-]m-k-amWv Igp-Øv. \me-Sn-bn¬ F√m ASn-bp-sSbpwc≠m-asØ A£cw kam-\-am -bn -cn -°-Ww. ]mńse FXpI Xs∂-bm-Wn -Xv.A¥ym-£-c-ßƒ°p hcp∂ kam-\-X-bmWv hm¬°-ºn.-]-Zm-h-km-\-Øn-ep≈]Ztam A£-ctam sIm≠v ASpØ ]mZw Bcw-`n-°p-∂-XmWv hmep-Ω¬I-ºn.

_Z-dp¬ ap\o¿ lpkv\p¬ Pam¬sshZy-cpsS IrXn-I-fn¬ G‰hpw ]ikvXw Hcp t]cvjy≥ ]W-b-IY

CXn-hr-Ø-am-°nb _Z-dp¬ ap\o¿ lpkv\p¬ Pam¬ F∂ ]W-b-Im-hy-am-Wv.AXn-a-t\m-l-c-amb h¿W-\-IƒsIm≠v a[p-tcm-Zm-c-amWv Cu IrXn.

]nXm-hns‚ C—-bvs°-Xn-cmbn a¥n-Ip-am-c-\mb _Z-dp¬ap-\o-dns\ kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw KXy-¥-c-an-√msX Abm-sfbpw Iqń \mSp-hn-t´m-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂plpkv\p¬ Pam¬ cmP-Ip-am-cn.-H-fn-t®m´w Bkq-XWw sNøp-∂Xpw ap≥ssIFSp-°p-∂Xpw cmP-Ip-amcn Xs∂.B bmX-bn¬ kml-N-cy-h-im¬ Imap-I≥ssIhn-´p-t]m-b-t∏mƒ Ahƒ ]nXm-hns‚ sIm´m-c-Øn-te°v aS-ßp-∂n-√.-Im-ap-Is\ At\z,#n®p Is≠-Øm≥ hn[nsb sh√p-hn-fn®p ap≥t]m´p t]mIp-∂p.B t]m°n¬ Xs‚ icocw Iman-®p-h∂ BWp-ßf-sb√mw hm°p-sIm≠pwhmfp-sIm≠pw t\cn´v tXmev]n-°p-∂XmWv Cu ]a-b-Im-hy-Ønse IY.-I-ºn,-I-gpØv, hm¬°-ºn, -hm-ep-Ω¬°ºn XpS-ßnb ]mk-hy-h-ÿIsf√mw CuIrXn ]men-°p-s∂-s≠∂p ImWmw.



249

Ci¬˛ Bcw`]qa-I-fms\ lpkv\p¬ Pam¬]p∂m-c-Ømfw anIs¥ _ohntla-ßƒ saØ ]Wn NnØncwB`-c-W-t°mh AWn¥ _ohn\ma-ß-sfÆn∏d-™m¬ Xocm\h-c-Xv\-®n-¶mcw ]q≠ _ohnIm¨am-\-°m-gvN-°-Zr-∏-sa¥mwIØpw XJvØn¬ acpßpw _ohn.

ac-X-I-Øp-Inepw sRmdn-™p-SpØvamWn-Iyss° cs≠-dn¥p hoin]cp-°n-Ø-e-ap-Snbpw Ip\nØvs]cp-am≥ IfpØpw Ncn-Øpw-sIm≠vIcn-t]m¬ CSØpw he-Øo-´q∂oI¨]oen sh´n-®p-g-‰o-S-en¬]cn-\q¬a-Z\w Xcn-Ø-t\m°pw]hn-g-s∏m≥ Np≠mse ]p©n-cnØpw.]p©n-cn-Ø-∂-\-S-®m-b-en¬]qam-\-tØhn hc-hp-X-∂n¬X©-ßƒ Pn∂pw a\p-h¿ I≠m¬X≥t]mXw hn´p aZ-s∏-Spta]©-h¿W-°nfn cmP-]q-amƒ]ncniw _Z-dp¬ap-\o-sd-s°m≈ms\©-°-S-en¬ Xnf® lp∫vt\iw ]ncn-bm-Xn-cn°pw \mfn¬

\ma-°-cp-Ø≥ _Z-dp¬ap-\o¿\mfpIw HØw ]cp-j-cnss√Xmac ]q°pw apJsØ I≠m¬tX\m¿ Nnd°pw ]b°w tI´m¬kmaod hm°pw Zp\n-Iƒ cmKwkwKo-X-I-eymWn ]mSpw \mIwIman\n Pn≥ a\p ]qam-X¿IƒI≠m¬ aXn-a-d-∂n≥km-se-Øpw.

A¿∞hpw Bi-bhpw

B`-c-W-t°mh ˛ B`-c-W-Øns‚ Iq´w, Nn¶mcw ˛ kuµ-cyw, AZr-∏w˛]pXp-a,-XJvØv ˛ knwlm-k-\w, acpßpw ˛ acp-hp∂,]-cp-°n˛ t\sc-bm-°n,-]-cn-\q¬ aZ\w ˛ ISn-™m-Wp≈ irwKm-c-tN-jvS,-X-cnØ ˛ [cn-®, Nmb¬ ˛ ab-°w,-X≥ t]mXw hn´v˛ X≥ t_m[w hn´v, -lp-∫v-˛-kvt\-lw,-\m-fp-Iw-˛-\mƒs∏m-cp-Øw,-]-b°w ˛ kwkm-c-coXn,km-aod hm°v ˛ kzm[o-\n-°m≥ t]m∂ `mj-Ww, C≥km-seØpw ˛ B\-µ-aq¿— ]m]n-°pw.

]qa-I-fmb lpkv\p¬ Pam¬ kuµ-cy-Øns‚ anI® Xmf-ap-≈-h-fm-bn-cp-∂p.-a-t\m-l-c-ß-fmb H´-\-h[n kz¿Wm-`-c-W-ßƒ Ahƒ°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.-A-h-fpsS B`-c-W-ß-fpsS t]cp-Iƒ FÆn-∏-d-™m¬ Xocp-I-bn-√.-\-h-c-Xv\-ßfpsStim` Ahƒ°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.-D-÷z-e-amb knwlm-k-\-Øn¬ Ahƒ tim`n-®p.



ac-X-I-∏´p sRmdn-™p-SpØv amWn-Iy-ss°-Iƒ Fdn-™p-hoin Xe-apSnhnS¿Øn-bn´v am\n-t‚-Xp-t]m-ep≈ IgpØv Ncn-®p-]n-Sn®v \S-∂p-h-cp∂ B kpµ-cn-bpsS hchv B\-bpsS \S-Øw-t]mse at\m-l-c-am-Wv. Ah-fpsS hnem-k-tN-jvS-Iƒ°p \nb-¥-W-ap-≠v.-]-hn-g-s∏m≥ Np≠p-sIm≠v Ahƒ ]p©n-cn-°p-∂p.

Ah-fpsS ]p©n-cn-®p≈ ab-°hpw \S-Øhpw a´pw-am-Xn-cnbpw ImWp-∂XvPn∂p-I-fm-bmepw a\p-jy-cm-bmepw Ah¿ kzbw-a-d∂p Ima-hn-h-i-cmIpw.]-©h¿W-°n-fn-bmb Cu cmP-Ip-am-cn-bpsS ]nbw _Z-dp¬ap-\o-dn-t\m-Sm-bn-cp-∂p. B kvt\lw A\-iz-c-am-bn-cp-∂p.

]i-kvX-\m-bn-cp∂p _Z-dp¬ ap\o¿.-A-h-t\-t∏mse \mƒs∏m-cp-Ø-ap≈as‰m-cp-h≥ D≠m-bn-cp -∂n-√.-A-hs‚ apJw I≠m¬ Xmac hnScpw. Ahs‚kw`m-jWw tI´m¬ \Zn kzbw Nnd-sI´n \n¬°pw. Ahs‚ tijvT-`m-jWwtI´m¬ kz¿§w ]m´p-]m-Sp-∂-Xp-t]mse tXm∂n-®n-cp-∂p.-Im-an-\n-I-fmb Pn∂p-Ifpw a\p-jy-kvXo-Ifpw Ahs\ Hcp t\m°p ImWm-\n-S-bm-bm¬ Ah¿ aXn-a-d∂v B\-µ-aq¿— ]m]n-°pw.



251

samUypƒ 5abqcktµiw

tIcfh¿Ω henbtImbnØºqcm≥ (1845 ˛ 1914)

Nß\mt»cn e£vao]pcØp sIm´mcØn¬ P\n® tIcfh¿Ω ]mYanIhnZym`ymkw Ign™v ]ØmasØ hb n¬ Xncph¥]pcØv t]mbnAΩhm\mb cmPcmPh¿ΩbpsSIqsS Xmakn®v A°meØv cmPm°∑m¿]cnioen°mdp≈ hnZyIfns√√mw ]mhoWyw kºmZn®p. kwkvIrXw ,Cw•ojv apXemb `mjIfn¬ amXa√ ImbnIm`ymkØnepw \nc¥cw]cniaw sIm≠v At±lw AXy¥w ]Kev`\mbnØo¿∂p.Bbneyw Xncp\mƒalmcmPhns‚ `mKnt\bnbmb e£van`mbnsb hnhmlw Ign°bm¬henbtImbnØºqcm\mbn. almcmPmhnt‚bpw CfbcmPmhmb hnimJwXncp\mfnt‚bpw ]oXn]mXambn°gn™ncp∂ tIcfh¿Ωbv°v ImeItaWalmcmPmhns‚ Xncphp≈t°Sn\m¬ t¢int°≠nh∂p. CtXhschy‡ambn´ n√mØ GtXm ImcWØm¬ almcmPmh v henbtImbnØºqcms\ XS¶enem°n (1875). BZyw Be∏pgs°m´mcØnepw ]n∂oSvlcn∏m´p sIm´mcØnepambn A©ps°m√tØmfw XS¶en¬ hkn®tijwBbneyw X nc p\mf ns‚ \ncymWtØmSpw h nimJw Xnc p\mf ns‚knwlmk\mtcmlWtØmSpw IqSnbmWv At±lw hnap‡\mbXv.

henbtImbnØºqcms‚ ]n∂oSp≈ PohnXw KlWhnap‡\mbkqcys\t∏mse tXtPmabambnc p∂p . kmlnXyNIh¿Ønbmbpwa‰ptIƒhns∏´ At±lØn\v cmPymhIminbpsS A—\mIm\p≈ alm`mKywamXw e`n°bp≠mbn√. Ip´ nIfp≠mImØXn\m¬ B ZºXnIfpsSA¥yImew timImIpeambnØo¿∂p . ]ob]Xv\nbpsS \mat[bwkmlnXyØneqsSsb¶nepw imizXam°wsa∂ BKlw sIm≠mhWwtIcfh¿Ω AºXmasØ hb n¬ ( 1894) abqcktµisagpXnbXv .A°meØv Cu ktµiImhyw F√mhcptSbpw ]iwkbv°v ]mXambn.kaImenIcn¬ \n∂p \ncp]m[nIambn AwKoImcw e`n°p∂ IrXnIƒZp¿e`amWv. `mhnbpsS ]co£bn¬ kzX n≤amb alØzw sXfnbn®vXßƒ°pw I¿Øm°ƒ°pw Imem ¥cØn¬ bi m÷n°p∂hbmWv]kn≤ IrXnIƒ ]eXpw . abqcktµiØn\mhs´ P\\ImeØpIn´ ntbStØmfw A`n\µ\w C∂p In´p∂pt≠m F∂v kwibamWv .KŸImc\v kaImenI kapZmbØnep≈ bi v KŸØns‚ ]NmcØn\p][m\am sbmcp ImcWamsW∂p ]dbmsX hø. AtXmsS∏w, IqSpXembpwkwkvIrX kmln XyØn\v AhImis∏´ Ihnbmb henb tImbnØºqcms‚aebmf`mjm tkh\sØ IrX⁄XtbmsS k vac n°pIbpw thWw.At±lØns‚ imIp¥fw X¿÷bpw abpcktµihpw aebmfkmlnXyØn\papX¬°q´pXs∂bmWv. Hcp \q‰m≠p ]mbap≈ kmlnXysØ C∂sØam\ZWvUw sIm≠p Af°p∂Xv \njv]£ambncn°bn√s√m. kwkvIrXkmlnXyØn\pw kwkvIrX ][m\amb aWn]hmfØn\pw ]Nmcap≈Imeambncp∂p tIcfh¿ΩbptSXv . aebmfØns‚ \thm∞m\ Øn\pXd°√n´vXv tIcfh¿ΩbmsW∂p ]dbmw. kwkvIrXØns‚ B[n]XyØn¬\n∂p kzmX¥yw t\Sn Imenepd®p \n¬°phm≥ aebmfsØ A`ykn∏n®Xpwas‰mcmf√. aebmfIhnXbv°v ZznXobbm£c]mkw \n¿_‘amsW∂vA`n]mb s∏SpIamXa√, FXncmfnItfmSp \o≠ hmZkacw \SØnhnPbn∏ n°pIbpw sNb vX `mjmk vt\lnbmWp tIcfh¿ΩhenbtImbnØºqcm≥.

]men°m\mbv `ph\aJnew `pXte PmX\mb°men°p´w IenXIpXpIw ImØ IÆ∂p `‡ym]oent°msem∂Snaecn¬ \o ImgvNbmbv hkn®ntSWssaens°´n¬ XncpIpaXns\Øn®bmbv `‡Zmwk≥ ( II,19 )



F∂pw a‰pw abpcktµiØn¬ aebmfØn\p kz¥amb am¿§wsh´sØfn®p sImSpØncn°p∂p. `mjbpsS Imepd®n´pthWas√m AXn\pIemkrj vS n°p≈ NmXpcyw ssIhkam°phm≥ AXn\m¬ cN\m`wK n°pth≠nbp≈ ]c n iaØn\nSbn¬ kmlnXya qeyw Ae v]wIpd™pt]mbmepw A∂sØ IhnIsf A[nIw Ip‰w ]dbm\mhn√.henbtImbnØºqcm≥ tIhew Ihn amXambncp∂n√, `mjmt]mj WØn¬Xm¬]cyw ]Z¿in∏n®v kmlnXyØn¬ Hcp \thm∞m\Øn\v ASnÿm\análm\pw IqS nbmW v . aebmfØnse KZyimJb v° v At±lØns‚]mWnkv]¿i\ ta¬°p∂Xphsc ]dbØ° km[pXztam kujvShtamD≠mbncp∂n√. `mjmKZyØn\p tIcfsam´p°v sFIycq]yw hcpØphm≥klmbn®Xpw At±lØns‚ IrXnIƒXs∂bmWv F∂v D≈q¿ At±lsØ]iwkn°p∂p≠v. sSIvÃv _q°v IΩn‰nbpsS A≤y£\mbncp∂v kvIpfn¬aebmf KZy]c nioe\Øn\ v AS nÿm\an´X v tIcfh¿ΩhenbtImbnØºqcm\mWv. BI¿jIamb KZyØn¬ ]e D]\ymkßfpwAIv_¿ F∂ t\mhepw kzbw FgpXn KZyImc∑m¿°v amIrI ImWn®pX∂Xºqcmt\mSv aebmf`mj F∂pw ISs∏ńcn°pw.

abqcktµiw`mjmt]mjnWnbnemW v abqcktµiw BZyambn ]kn≤oIcn®Xv.1069

taSw e°Øn¬ ]q¿∆`mKhpw 1070 Nnßw e°Øn¬ DØc`mKhpw]Xy£s∏´p._‘\tamN\Øn\p tijw GXm≠p 14 h¿jw Ign™mWpIrXn cNn°s∏´sX¶nepw ImcmKrlhmka\p`hn°ptºmƒktµiabbv°p∂XmbmWv k¶ev]n®ncn°p∂Xv.abqcktµiw B[p\nIambHcp IrXnbmsW¶nepw AXnse ]e t«mIßƒ°pw ]mTm¥cwIev]n®n´p≈Xmbn ImWmw.]Zyinev]Øn¬ ZØi≤\mbncp∂ tIcfh¿ainev]kuµcyØn\p th≠n kzIrXnIfpsS aqe]mTßƒ ]cnjvIcn°pI]Xnhmbnc p∂p .AXpsIm≠pXs∂ `mjmt]mjnWn ]mTØn¬\n∂p]eam‰ßfpw KŸcq]Øn\p≠mbncp∂p.

hniZ]T\w : abqcktµiw (]q¿∆`mKw)

ioam≥ h©n£nXn]Xn `pPwK¿£P≥ e£anbmIpwkmam\y hns´gpapcpKpWt`mKbmw `mKnt\bnwt]ahmk]nbXa hntbmKØn\mem¿Ønbm°n oamXntX IZ\Pe[u tIcfw X≈nhn´m≥.

CjvS]mtWizcnbpsS hntbmKØn\mepw \ctµZznjvSXzØmsemcph\pfhmw am\\jvSØn\mepwIjvSs∏´p∏pcpjs\mcp \me©psIm√w Ign®m≥ZnjvSt°Sm¬ hcphXp ]colmcan√mØXt√m.

Bhn›n¥m`cah\cp∏m´p hmtWmcp Imtetkhn°m\mbv Kpls\sbmcp\mfmÿbm t]mbt\cw `mhntib: ]nip\iI\w I≠pt]m¬ \oeIWvTtImhn¬s°ń¬IzN\ `KhZzml\w taml\mwKw.

sIm≠¬t°mfm¬IenXIpXpIw ]oensb√mw ]cØn˛s°m≠t°In ]hc\gtImSmámSp∂ `wKowI≠°mao \nPIa\nbmw \oethWow \n\®n˛ń≠¬t°‰w hiK\hnsSØs∂ an≠msX\n∂m≥



k¥m]Lvaw kIePKXmw kvIµt\ hµ\w sN˛øsX¥mbmepw hnjaanXn\amse∂pans√∂pd®vNn¥ma·≥ NncahnsS\n∂ΩbqcsØmtShwl¥mXy¥w ]ceiXbme¥cwtKW sNm∂m≥.

[\ymflmth ! JKhc! Pbn®mepsa∂n¬ ]kmZn ˛®\ymbØmegenepgeps∂s∂ \o Xm≥ XpWbv°vh\ymhmtk hnlK\nhtl _mlpteb≥ Kln®m ˛\\ymkm[mcWKpWKWw Im¨Ibm¬Xs∂ \nt∂]mcn¬ ]m¿Ømenlm ^WnIpew X∂n¬ \nt∂mSp XpeywsshcnXzw]qs≠mcp ]XKamw ]Xtadn®cn°pwiucn°pw Xzmw]Xn aaXbm¬Xs∂ \n≥ ]yjvTe·w`cniotN¿s∂mcp X\pcplw ar≤\n NqSp∂p tZh≥.

BImcØn≥kpjabnXpt]mteXp]£n°p ]mcn¬?tIImcmhw ihWkpJZw tIƒ°ntem Xr]vXnbmImtemI\µ]ZakZriw \rØhpw tX iIpt¥!timIm\mw ta ip`KpW! `mh\oi\mw \mi\mb.

Zq\w ZqcÿXnXZbnX\mtbXpamizmkan√m˛tX\w Zo\w P\a\pI\ns™m∂p sNbvXmepant∏mƒkym\µqcw ]pchcaXn¬ sN∂p a¬ ]mW\mY˛bv°m\µw \obcpfpI ]ds™s‚ ktµihmIyw.

]£ntijvT! kzbahnsS \o t]mInse≥]mW \mYmwe£n®\ymZri kpjasIm≠mip `ptemIe£aowA£nZzµzw Xh k^eamw., In© X¬]mWs\ w˛c£n®p≠msamcp KpcpXcw ]pWyhpw KWyat√m.

Ieymthim¬ IepjaXnbmsas‚ Nm]eyaqewIeymWmwKn°mXnITn\ama√tehw ]nW™pIeymssZhm¬ IYa]n kap∑enXkzm¥ieymIeym \n∂m¬ ]ccanl aa t£ahm¿Ømw \nthZy.

XØmZr°mw \c]Xn`bw sIm≠p a‰mcpant∏m˛sfØm\pw X¬]qcaXn¬ almcm⁄nsb°mWphm\pwhrØm¥w ta ]dhXn\pamf√ \o Xs∂ thWwNnØmizmkw cpNnIpcbvt°Iphm≥ tIInhcy!~

tImS°m¿s°m≠ncpfnbepaobw_cw ImWth am≥˛t]S°Æmƒ hnclhn[qco`mhams∂s‚ \mYmIqsS°qsS IcbpaXn\memip \ob¥ntI sN˛∂mS¬s°√madpXnbpfhmt°Wsa≥ t£atamXn

C°mesØ≥IpieaXn\mbpƒ°pcp∂n¬ Ipamc≥ ˛Xr°mteØms\mcp icWamtbm¿Øp \nXyw `P¥oap°mepw \mƒ hXhpsamcp Xn¶ƒ°p Ibvs°m≠ncn°p˛∂°m¿thWn°IXfn¿ XWp∏n° Nns°∂p sN∂v

t]bm\msa≥Nnchnclamw ]uVNfimX]Ømembmks∏´Xnhnhibmbv ]n®nt]m¬ hmSnhmgpw



Pmbmbm ta ]nbkJ! `hms\s‚ ktµiamIpwtXmbmkmcm¬ XzcnXacpfotSWapØm]im¥nw.

Xtµiw sN∂WhXn\p tX sNm√pth≥ am¿§amZuktµiw sNm∂Yk]Zn Rm≥ bmXbm°mw `hms\ktµlw th≠]c\pImcØn\mImØsX¶n¬Intµlw sIms≠mcp êanl ]mWn\mw t£mWnX∂n¬ ?t]aw \tΩmS\p][n Ie∂oSpakva¬ ]nbmbm:t£aw \∂mbv hcphXn\p \o sX√p IjvSs∏tSWwBa¥n®nXnZi]rX\m[oi\maoikq\pw\o aµn°mXpS\Sn ]pds∏´psIm≠meqant∏mƒ.

\mń¬°qSn°cpXn hgnt]mtIWas√¶nem¿°pwIqń¬ sIm≈n∏Xn\p sImXnbmw tImafmImc! \ns∂Imń¬t∏mIp∂fhp [hfm]mwKnam¿ I≠pIqSn˛∏mń¬ ]m¿∏n®nSphcnXh¿°mInep’mlImew.

GSmIqSw hfscbnS\mtSmsS t]mIp∂XmIn¬IqSm, IqS]IrXnIƒ IqSn°mcnSbvt°sdbn√hmSmheymw hnS]nIfnepw ]m¿Øp]mcmsXt]mImwhmSmh≈n°pSnepIfnepw hnian®iaw Xm≥,

sskczwt]mte kpckcWnbn¬ IqSn t\tc ]d∂Zqcw t]mIp∂Xn\p ]Wnbp≠m°pthm∂mInepw tX]mcw ]n∂n¬L\anbepan∏n©cnImk©bØn≥ ˛`mcw ]m¿°n¬ ]cap]Icn°mXncnt°m Nnet∏mƒ

IqSnt®¿∂ns´mcphI Ifn°q´¿ \ns∂∏nSn°m˛t\mSns®¶n¬ ]SpXsbmSp \o ]n¥ncn™¥nIØn¬NmSns®∂n®XpcXsbgpw ]oensb∫meI∑m¿t]Snt®mSpw ]Sn QSnXnsbm∂p®en∏n®ntSWw.

\njv°mkn®meIsesbmgnbmXp KŸ\mKßtfdpwapjvImseØn°pSnbnSIfn¬ k©cn°p∂XmIn¬\njvImcpWyw hgnbnehtb \nKln®RvPkm \o Zpjv°mesØ°fI kpatX! XX hmgpw P\m\mw.

c≠pw aq∂pw XhW Irjntb‰p∂ I≠ßtfbpwh≠pw R≠pw hSnshmSp Ifn°p∂ I—ßtfbpwX≠pw sIńØcsamSp Ncn°p∂ h≈ßtfbpwI≠pw sIm≠s®dp]pgIƒX≥ Xocam¿t§Wt]mI.

h©nt£mWns°mcp XneIama∏pctØ°p t]mIpwh©n°q´w hpafhnetØm´phmcsØmXpßnh©nt°Ww hfsc ac\ocp≈nep≠mIaqewh©nØ`ms¥gpacbcmw \mhnI°øtc \o.

\oeXzw tN¿s∂gpaneIfm¬ \ns‚ IWvTm`tbmepwkmemØnt∑¬ ]cnsNmSp ]ds∂Ønbe°pey Xs‚IpetØhns´mcp XcWnX≥ ]macØn¬ Itcdn˛t°metØ \m¬]SpXebnepd∏n®p \n hmWpsImƒI



I≠mem¿°pw IrXI ]XKw Xs∂bmsW∂X√m˛Xp≠ms°m√m a\aXn¬ adns®Æa∆Æambnan≠mtXI≠Xn\p apIfn¬ tN¿∂p tNWm∂\ns∂˛s°m≠mSpw I≠nXpIcbnepw t\m°n\n¬°p∂ temIw

Zqcw am¿§w Zqc[nKaambp≈tXhw IS°p˛t∂cw PmXn ]IrXnsb \nb¥n®nSmX¥cm \o\oc‘mw t`m[c\ncbXn∂m¿∏ptI´m¿`Sn°m˛bmcw`n®eXpS\ipt`mZ¿°amw X¿°an√.

tIm]Øm¬ \o IpXn XpSscmem ]∂KsØ°pdn®m˛em]sØt°´Xpa]ISw Xs∂bmw ]∂Kmtc!B]√m`w êambn ktJ! t`mK`p°mw hb n≥˛Nm]eysØ ]Zn \nban°mbn°nse∂m]vXhmIyw.

tXmń¬°qSn XzcnXXcatØmWn sNm∆msbmgp°n≥˛]mń¬ IqSo´gsImsSmgpIn°mben¬ sN∂ptN¿∂m¬t_mń¬t°dn∫lpkckambv ]m´p]mSn®p t]mIpw\mń¬tIƒ∏n≈h¿ Nne¿ \n\°£ne£o`hn°pw

hoWbvs°m°pw kzcsamSp hnt\mZßtfmtcm∂pcbv°pw]mWt]jvT]Wbn\nItfmsSmØp t_mńs‚ Xń¬hmW°mb¬°cIfnsegpw ImgvN I≠p√kn°pwlqW∑mscIvJKXnI! tX Is≠mcm\µap≠mw.

am\mXoX]Yna Iecpw t_m´pX≠pw ]nSn®˛\yp\mtSm]sØmSp hn]peamw Imb¬ Xm≠p∂I≠m¬ssa\mIw X≥ NndIpIƒ hncn®mip hmcmina≤y ˛ÿm\mZp¿∆oaWhXns\mcpsºńSps∂∂p tXm∂pw.

]n∂n¬°qSn∏cnsNmSWbpw a‰p t_ms´m∂pI≠m¬ap∂n¬t∏mIp∂Xn\p apdpInØ≠p Nm≠nØpSßpwsX∂n®w` XneXncbw t_m´p ]mbn°pap≈w˛X∂n¬Ønßp∂lalanIbvs°mØp ssIh¿Øct∏mƒ

I≈w ssIhnćbfh‰p≈ ssIbq°pIbvs°m˛≠p≈w X∂n¬ kab`cnXcmbv a’cn°pw Zimbmwsh≈w X≈nØIrXnbn¬ hcpw t_m´pXm≥ Iq´ptamfwh≈w ap°p∂Xn\p aXnbmambtXm¿ØoSWw \o.

ImWnt°Ww Ina]n klPw ]mShw \o hkn°pwtXmWnt°sX¶nepa]ISw t\cnSp∂mInet∏mƒXmWn°mIpw hn[samSp hnNnXw ]XXw ]cØn£oWn°mX£WaWbWw Imben∂°cbv°v.

s]mßnt∏mbn∏cnsNmSp ]d∂°c°p∂nseØn˛Ønßnt®¿∂ps≈mcp XcpIpte Xßn\obßncnt°apßn∏mY Xn¬ hebpatØmWnX≥ Omb ImWmwaßn±qcØn\p `mhpIw ]m¿∞\obw.



NmctØmSn®InXiit]mXßƒ NmSp∂ Imb¬˛ØoctØmtS ka[cWnbn¬ kXzcw sN∂ndßntIctØm´w ]\kh\hpw ]p°p \me©p \ezwZqctØmfw \S XpScpIn¬ Zriyamw sIm√atK.

XXm\¬]w alna Iecpw aµntc lqWhcy≥kXm anXßßsfmSp kckw hmWnSp∂mInet∏mƒ.NnXmImcw sImSnacaXn¬ IqsdmS°qd ImWmwkpXmamhn≥ kpjaXaamw hn√pX≥ sX√pt]mse.

a≤zmk‡`acapJcmcma≤yØnept≈m˛c≤zmhn¬ ]p°\hlnX\mbßpanßpw \S∂m¬h[zm tN¿∂n´Xphgnhcpw heykmbn∏p \ns∂ ˛∫≤zm ]m¿∏n®nSpaZbambRvPkm ]RvPcØn¬.

tXm°pw XmßnØZ\pNccmw lqWscm∂n® t\cw˛t]m°pw Xo‰ns°mcphIbpamsb∂p th´bv°v X°wt\m°pt∂cØIsebpancp∂osSmem \obImteNm°p≠mImsamcp iIehpw em°p sX‰n√h¿°v.

lrZym\µw \ncp]aXaw \¬Ipa±nhyamtbm˛cpZym\Øn≥ kpJa\p`hnt°Wsas∂Æsa¶n¬lrZyImc! ÿnXnsbmcp \nIpRvPØnem°oSWw \o]Zym]m¿izÿenIfnendnßmsXb¥¿lnXmflm

a√oPmXn]`rXnIpkpakvtacambp√kn°pwk√oem`n: InkebIcw sIm≠p \ns∂ØtemSpwh√o\mw \o ]cnNbckw ]q≠p IuXplesØm˛ep√oVmflm NncXcnancp∂ßam¥n®nsSm√m.

X©w t\m°n∏p\cY ]pds∏´p Xm¿tØ≥ IpSn®pwN©¬]XmlXn]XnXamw Nmcp]Izw `pPn®pwA©∂©n°WacnInemima[maØnseØo˛´©º≥X∂psS P\I\maw_pPm£w ka£w.

hnim¥n°mbv hncshmSnhnsSsØs∂ \o Xmakn®m¬hnimWn°pw Xh hnXXamw IuXpIw ImXpIƒ°vkpimhyXzw Iecpa\h[ym\I[zm\[mSoanim \mKmkzchnkracm ImIfo tIIncmP!

\µ∂m\mkpP\ \b\m\µnbmbv ]ns∂bpw kz˛—µw \mKmi\hc! ]d∂°cs®∂hiywaµkvtacm\\Iaebmw amXpcm\µheymhµkzXzw NcWbpKfw NµNqUmatW›.

kØ∑mcs∏mgpXln`pPw \oeIWvT JKm\m˛apØw kXzw Z[XancnIn¬ I≠p k¥pjvScmIpw\rØw sNøp∂Xn\nl bYmImeap’mlh¥wNnØwX∂n¬ Kpls\mS[nIt]ah¥w `h¥w.



kt®esØ ckacbn¬ tN¿ØpSpØn´pSp∏n˛´t®semØps≈mcp IpSbpambØtes°´pambnIt®cnbv°v ]cnsNmSp sNcn∏n´pt]mIp∂ temIwXzt®X n¬ IpXpIapfhm°oSpa∏´WØn¬.

sIm√w I≠msemcph\hnsSØs∂ ]m¿°m≥ sImXn®n˛´n√w ths≠∂Xp IcpXpsa∂p≈ sNm√≈XtXsIm√wtXmdpw ]e ]e ]cnjvImcta‰∏pcw tI˛f√wLn°p∂ll! hn`hw sIm≠p Xmw cmP[m\nw

aßmsXßpw alnXXcbmw aµnctiWnsIm≠pwapßmt\‰w apZacpfnSpw apKv≤]mY p sIm≠pwAßmSn°p≈\p]anXbmw ]pjvSnsIm≠pw \n\®m˛eßmhmkØn\p _lpkpJwXs∂ ktµlan√.

irwKmKwsIm≠p]cn KK\w teJ\w sNbvXp \n¬°pwXpwKmKmcßfneXpeamw IuXpItØmSPkwAwKm`nJymPnXcXnIfmawZ\m`n eoewirwKmKcw]q≠hnsS acphpw tbmKytc `mKyh∑m¿

]≈n°qSw ]eXp hepXmw ]mfbw ]≈n I≈˛∏p≈n°mscØShnenSphm\p≈ tPemip]XnX≈nt°dn ZznPcWambq´pa∏´WØn˛∂p≈n¬ ImWmsamcp Ipdn ]ds∂ms° \o t\m°nbmepw

]´mf°mcXn]pcpjcmbßpanßpw \S°pwap´mf∑m¿ aXnapJnItf aq°n¬ ap´p∂ I≠m¬X´mXt∏mfaXnbh¿°bht‰sS IÆpws]m´mdmIpw ]SncS kIr≤oc! am÷cmIWvT!

NmIpt∂sd÷\ alnIfmemÿesØ∂p tIƒ∏p˛≠mIpt∂SØdpXnbXn\membh‰bv°p sNbvIGIpt∂h≥ _lpP\lnXw a‰pImcyØn\mbn˛t∏mIpt∂cw \nbXaht\ _p≤nam\n≤cWymw.

ioaØzØm¬ ZsamSp PK¬]mWs\Øn∂p \∂mbvkma¿∞ytØmSln`bapZn∏n® `qao]Xn°pwtIaXzw ]qWvN\rPqKXnbma`pPwKZznPnlz˛kvtXmatØmSmkvXzbn Xh ktJ! km[z_m[w hntcm[w.

Np‰n°≠m \KcahnSpwhn´p h≈Ønsem∂n¬]‰n°qSn∏p\c]n IS∂iaw `qcnZqcwIp‰n°mSpw hbepaXne#wLn®p \o t]mIn¬ am¿§wsX‰n°qSm , hSnshmSpSt\ h¿°es®∂ptNcmw.

H∂nt®mtcm hnS]nIƒ hf¿∂p∂an®p√kn°pwIp∂n¬ NImbp[\psS almt£XaXy¥lrZywC∂n≤mXoXeaXneXnJymXna¬ XX ImWm˛ap∂nZmWm`sbSp I\IkvXp]nImZo]nXmiw.



\t√mcq‰p≠aePea°p∂n¬ \n∂qdnSp∂pIt√memkv^me\aJcamamgnX≥ Xocamcm¬kt√mI¿° enema[nIw \√XmsW∂p tXm∂o˛´t√m ]mcw ]nbXbXnent∂m¿°nep≠mbnSp∂p.

t\mt°Ww \o aeapIfn¬ \n∂mgnboh¿jIme˛Øpt°dnSps∂mcp XncbSns®ØnSp∂ØStØXpt°bp≈s°mSpapSnbnSn™ßp hoWn´p IjvSw!Nmt°In´p≠\h[nP\ßƒ°v ]≠]tZiw.

thKØn¬t∏mbY a[pcnt]m¿aµncw ]q°p]pWym˛t`mKsØ∏p≠lnib\\mw tZhs\ tkhsNbvI\mKØ∑m¿ henb hSaqeØnesßmØp hmgp˛∂mKkp≠m°cpXhsc \o l¥! _mLn®p km[q≥.

\olmcm`w \ncp]ackw \ocamkzmZy \¬∏p˛√mlmcw sNbvXlclc]cvteiambv tIihs‚tKlmk∂ÿenbXneXnsskczambv k©cn°pwamlmkwLw a\kn \nXcmtaIpam\µam¿°pw.

Im¥n°mX¬s°mepa Iecpw IRvPt\Xs‚ _nw_wim¥n°mc≥ £nXnkpchc≥ `wKntbmSpØpamwtKG¥nt∏mIps∂mcp ]pXpasb°mÏnem\µkn‘u\o¥nkzm¥w Xh \nch[u Xm¥amIpw \nXm¥w.

]pWyt£XØn\p ]pdsabsßm≠p kmµ]tcml˛ØrWyt£mWo]cnkcaXn¬ kmcamaKlmcwKpWy∑mcmbv Kpcphn\bcmbv timXnb∑mcnetK˛KWy∑mcmbv KXIejcmbp≈ [mXokpcmWmw.

Iey≥lqW]hcs\mcph≥ Imcp[utcb\mcm¬Iey°mbn§ncn\nc Xpc°p∂Xpw sN∂p Im¨sIXpeyw a‰n√eIneXnt\mSØpc¶ßƒ Xo∂m¬ieyw th≠m kcWnapgph≥ tXmWnbn¬Øs∂ t]mImw.

F√mao£n®hnsS hgntb sX√p Zpcw ]d∂n˛´p√mktØmsSmcp XcWnbn¬ NmSn \o IqSnsb∂m¬C√mbmkw Xo NXpcaWn°pdn\p≈n¬ ktJewsN√msa√mhcpadnbpam thfnbmw Imb¬X∂n¬.

]md°p´w ]cahnsSbp≠p∂Xw tN¿∂pIqSn˛°mdw`t °hcphXn\mbv h∂ndßp∂hÆwIqdXy¥w a\kn Iecpw Ip´tcmsSmØp Rm≥ ]˛t≠d°uXplesamSp Ifn®oSpamdp≠Xnt∑¬.

Ip∂n∂tß∏pdaShnbmWmbXn¬ t]mbXµwIp∂n®oSpw IpXpIsamSp Rm≥ Iqń \mbm´pImsc]∂n°q´w ]penbXpItf th´bmSo´bXv\wsIm∂nń≠∂Xnsemcp ckw kzev]a√ns∏mgpw ta



h©nt£mWohecn]p]pco]m¥tZiØnseØm≥In©n±qtc InenInechpw]q≠ XmeßƒI≠m¬h©n°ma¥WaXpw Ign®n´p \o hn´tX‰ws\©n¬°uXplesamSp XSm≤zmhneqsS Kan°.

tafnt∏dpw ]\IfpsSbpw a‰p hr£ßfptSbpwtamfn¬t°dn∏cnsNmSp ]ds∂m∂n¬ \ns∂m∂W™pwtIfnjvSw t]mebn acphnbpw tIfnkut[m]cnjvSm¬tImfn¬s®∂oSpI Xncph\¥mJyama∏pcØn¬ .

`wKwIqSmX\niachntµ£W≥X∂pc mwcwKwX∂n¬IrX\S\bmanµncmbhnemkm¬awKeyioalnXhn`h`mPnXmw cmP[m\o˛awK, sskzcw]hni, ]eXpw XXImWmw hntijw

]®-a-e-bmfw

]® F∂ ]Z-Øn\v ]®-\ndw, ]mI-am-Im-Ø-Xv, Cf-b, thhn-°mØ XpS-ßnb A¿∞-ß-fmWv ]kn-≤-am-bn-´p-≈-Xv. ]®-a-e-bmfw F∂v kam-kn®p ]d-bp-tºmƒ X\n ae-bm-f-sat∂m ip≤-a-e-bm-f-sat∂m Hs° A¿∞w I¬∏n-°mw. F∂m¬ "]®-a-e-bmfw' F∂Xv ae-bm-f-Ønse Hcp ]tXyI kmln-Xy-]-ÿm-\sØ Ipdn-°m-\p≈ cqVn-bmbn ]Xn-jvT-t\-Sn -bn-cn -°p-∂p. 1891˛¬Ip™n-°p-´≥ Xºp-cm≥ cNn® "\√-`mj' F∂-Ir-Xn-bn¬ \n∂m-bn-cp∂p ]®-a-e-bm-f-]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ Bcw-`w. D≈q¿, HSp-hn¬, Ip≠q¿, ]n.-Pn. cma-ø≥,]¥-fw, kn.-F-kv. kp_-“-Wy≥ t]m‰n XpSßn ]ecpw Cu ]ÿm-\sØhf¿Øm≥ ian-®p. F¶nepw Im¬i-Xm-_vZw-t]mepw \ne-\n¬°m-\m-ImsXAXv \ne-®p-t]m-Ip-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. kmln-Xy-N-cn-X-ß-fnepw Nne teJ-\-ß-fnepw B\p-jw-Kn-I-ambn ]®-a-e-bm-f-sØ-°p-dn®v ]cm-a¿i-ap-s≠-¶nepwKuch-amb ]T-\-ßƒ AXn-s\-°p-dn®v D≠m-bn-ń-√. ]®-a-e-bm-f-Ir-Xn-I-fn¬Xs∂ \s√m-cp-`mKw C∂p e`y-a-√.

]®ae-bm-fw, shäWn ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ As√-¶n¬ sImSp-ß-√q¿ ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ Hcp D]-im-J-bmbn ]nd∂ Imhy-]-ÿm-\-am-Wv. kc-k-Zp-X-I-hn-In-co-S-aWn Ip™n-°p-´≥ Xºp-cm-\mWv HutZym-Kn-I-ambn Cu ]ÿm\w DZvLm-S\w sNbvX-sX-¶nepw kwkvIr-X-i-_vZ-ßsf Hgn-hm°n t«mI-ßƒ cNn-°p∂kº-Zmbw shäWn ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ ]mcw-`-Z-i-bn¬ t]mepw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

tNe-∏-d-ºs‚ t«mIw t\m°p-I:""aqSn-√m-sØmcp ap≠p-sIm≠p apSnbpw aqSn´p h≥ I‰bpwNqSn-s°m-≠-cn-hmƒ ]pdØp XncpIn ]m©n-°n-X-®-ßs\\mS≥ I®-bp-SpØp ta\n-ap-gp-h≥ tNdpw ]pc-≠n-s∏m-gn˛∏mS-Øo∂p hcp∂ \n≥ hchp It≠-sd-s°m-Xn-°p∂p Rm≥''

shäWn ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ ]mZp¿`m-h-Øn\p Imc-W-ambsX∂p Icp-Xp∂Cu t«mIw ]®-a-e-bmfw IqSn-bmWv.]kn≤ \ncq-]-I\pw ]Xm-[n-]cpw Bbn-cp∂ kn.-]n. ANyp-X-ta-t\ms‚ Hcp ]kvXm-h-amWv ]®-a-e-bmfw Hcp ]ÿm-\-ambn hf-cm≥ CS-bm-°n-b-Xv. kwkvIr-X-]-Z-ßsf ]mtS h¿÷n®v Nne H‰t«mI-ßtfm at‰m Na-bv°m-sa-∂-√msX Hcp Imhyw apgp-h-\mbn ]®-a-e-bm-f-Øn¬ Fgp-Xm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-s√∂v At±lw Ip™n-°p-´≥ Xºp-cm-t\mSv A`n-]m-b-s∏-´p. B ]kvXmhw icn-b-s√∂pw Hcp Imhyw apgp-h-\m-bn-Ø-s∂



]®-a-e-bm-f-Øn¬ Fgp-Xm-sa∂pw Ip™n-°p-´≥ Xºp-cm≥ hmZn-®p. "\√ `mj'F∂ Hcp IrXn-c-Nn®v At±lw AXv ANyp-X-ta-t\m≥ Xs∂ ]Xm-[n-]-cm-bp≈ hnZym-hn-t\m-Zn-\n-bn¬ ]kn-≤-s∏-SpØn (Xpemw 1066). A\p-I-c-W-hm-k\ ap‰n \n∂n-cp∂ Hcp ImeØv Xºp-cms‚ Nph-Sp-]n-Sn®v ]ecpw ]®-a-e-bm-f-Ir-Xn-Iƒ cNn-°m≥ apt∂m´p h∂p. F∂m¬ hf-sc-thKw ]pXp-abpw ]k-‡nbpw \jvS-s∏-´p-t]mb B ]ÿm\w £bn®p t]mIp-Ibpw kmln-Xy-N-cn-X-Ønse kvac-I-ambn amdp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

shäWn]ÿm-\hpw ]®-a-e-bm-fhpw

]kn≤-amb shäWn]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ ]tbm-‡m-°-fmb ]apJ Ihn-IƒXs∂-bmWv ]®a-e-bm-f-Øn-s‚bpw cN-bn-Xm-°ƒ F∂-Xp-sIm≠v ]®-a-e-bm-f-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ GXp ]T-\hpw shä-Wn-°-hn-X-bn¬ \n∂p amXta XpS-ßm-\m-hp. D≈q-cns‚ A`n-]m-b-Øn¬ 1835 ¬ XpS-ßp-Ibpw 1875 ¬ e_v[-]-Xn-jvT-t\-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX ]ÿm-\-am-bn-cp∂p shäWn]ÿm-\w. Im¬]-\nI Ihn-X-bpsS ]mcw-`-Z-i-bmb 20˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-Z-i-I-tØmsS B]ÿm\w \ma-h-ti-j-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. F¶nepw Hcp Ime-L-´-ØnseImhym-`n-cpNn hf-sc-tbsd ]I-S-am-°nb ]ÿm-\-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. sImSp-ß-√q¿ tImhn-e-I-tØmSp _‘-s∏´ Ihn-X-°-f-cn-bm-bn-cp∂p shä-Wn-°-hn-X-bpsS i‡n-tkm-X- v. shäWn A—≥, shäWn al≥, Hd-h-¶c \oe-I-WvT≥ \ºq-Xn-cn, ioshm≈n \mcm-b-W≥ \ºq-Xn-cn, ImØp-≈n¬ ANyp-X-ta-t\m≥, Ip™n-°p-´≥ Xºp-cm≥, Ip≠q¿ \mcm-b-W-ta-t\m≥, HSp-hn¬ Ip™n-°r-jvW-ta-t\m≥ XpSßn At\Iw ap≥\n-c-°mcpw FXtbm A[nIw ]n≥\n-c-°mcpw shä-Wn-]-ÿm-\sØ Hc-Jn-e-tI-cf Imthym¬k-h-am°n am‰n-bn-cp -∂p.

shä-Wn-°-hn-X-bpsS ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ

1. `mjm-]-c-amb emfnXyw

kwkvIrX hn`-‡y-¥-ßfpw A]-kn-≤-ß-fmb kwkvIr-X-]-Z-ßfpw Ihn-X-bn-ep-t]-£n-°m-\p≈ ]h-WX h¿≤n-∏n-®p. kw`m-j-W-`m-j-bn¬ amXw]mNm-c-Øn-en-cp∂ Kmay-]-Z-ßfpw ssieo-hn-ti-j-ßfpw Ihn-X-bn¬ ]q¿hm-[nIw IS-Øn-hn-´p. hrØm-\p-]mkw A¥y-]mkw Ch-bn¬ i≤-tI-µo-I-cn®v sNm√m-\p≈ kuIcyhpw I¿W-kp-Jhpw h¿[n-∏n-®p.

2. hrØw

hrØkzo-I-c-W-Øn¬ shä-Wn-°-hn-Iƒ bmYm-ÿn-Xn-IXzw ssIsh-Sn-™n-ń-√. emfn-Xyhpw Hgp°pw IqSp-X-ep≈ `mjm-hr-ØsØ Ah¿ kzoI-cn-®n-√.adn®v kwkvIrX hrØ-Øn¬ mjm-]-c-amb emfnXyw ]c-am-h[n Zo£n®v Ah¿Ihn-X-sb-gp-Xn.

3. CXn-hr-Ø-]-c-amb ]pXpa

]pcmWIY-Isf D]-Po-hn®v CXn-hrØw kzoI-cn-°p∂ ]gb ]mc-ºcyw \ne-\n¿Øn-b-tXmsSm∏w h¿Ø-am-\-Ime kw`-h-ßfpw sFXn-ly-I-Y-Ifpw shSn-°-Y-Ifpw Imhy-hn-j-b-am-°n. hnj-b-Kuchw Hcp ]iv\-a-√m-Xn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠vFX \n m-c-Im-cyhpw \n m-c-h-kvXphpw Imhy hnj-b-am-°m≥ XpS-ßn.

4. ên-X-t_m[w

Hcp en-X-am-kz-Zn-°pw-t]mse Pohn-XsØ Icp-Xn-bn-cp∂ Cu Ihn-Iƒ Xß-fpsS Imhy-Ønepw ÿm\Øpw Aÿm-\Øpw ênXw XncpIn kzbw Nncn-°p-Ibpw a‰p-≈-hsc Nncn-∏n®p ckn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. IhnX F¥n-ep-ap-]cn Hcp hnt\m-tZm-]m-[n-bmbn Ch¿ Icp-Xn.



5. ]®-ir-wKmcw

kvXo ]pcp-js‚ D]-t`m-K-h-kvXp-hm-sW∂ ASn-ÿm\ hnNmcw Xß-fpsS]q¿hn-I-cmb aWn-]-hmf Ihn-I-sf-t∏mse shä-Wn-°-hn-Ifpw ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp-∂p. KWnImXzw kvXos°mcp `qj-W-ambpw hnSXzw ]ucpj-Øns‚ `mK-ambpw B Ihn-X-I-fn¬ Bhn-jvIr-X-am-bn. Fgp-Xn-b-X-Xbpw irwKm-c-Im-hy-ß-f-s√-¶nepw irwKmcw am‰n-h®v shä-Wn-°-hnXsb hne-bn-cp-Øm≥ ian-®m¬ AXv AX-√msX amdn-t∏m-Ipw.

6. Bg-an-√mbva

Pohn-Xw-t]mse Ihn-Xbpw hnt\m-tZm-]m[n Bbn-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Pohn-X-Øns‚ Bg-ß-fn¬ Ah¿ i≤n-®n-√. Hcp ]t£ Pohn-X-Øn¬ Bg-an-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠mImw Ihn-X-bnepw Bg-an-√mbva ]I-S-am-b-Xv.

shä-Wn-°-hn-X-bpsS Cu s]mXp-kz-`m-h-Øn¬ \n∂p-sIm-≠p-thWw ]®-a-e-bm-fsØ hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠-Xv.

]®-a-e-bm-f-Øns‚ `mjm-]-c-amb ]tXy-IX

t]cpsIm-≠p -Xs∂ `mjm-]-c -amb ]tXy-IX Gsd ]I-S -am -°p -∂p≠v]®-a -e -bm -fw. eoem -Xn -e -I -Im -c≥ aWn - ] -hm -f -`m -jbv°p \¬In -b-Xp -t]m -ep≈ \n¿h-N-\hpw hni-Zo -I-c -W-ßfpw ChnsS th≠n-h-cp -∂n -√. kwkvIr -X -] -Z -ßƒ Ah ae-bm -f -Øn¬ FX ]Npc ]Nmcw t\Sn -b -h -bm -sW-¶nepw ]cn -]q¿Æ-ambn Dt]-£n®v Zmhn -U-]m -c -º-cy -ap≈ ae-bm-f -] -Z -ßƒamXw D]-tbm-Kn -s®-gp -Xp∂ Ihn -X-bmWv ]®-a -e-bm -fw. kwkvIr -X-Øns‚A`mhw aqe-ap≈ hnShp \nI-Øm≥ Xan -g v] -Z -ßƒ kzoI-cn -°p -∂Xpw ]®-a -e -bm -f -Øn\p \nc -°p -∂-X-√.

GXp -h -gn -bn -eqsS At\z -jn -®p -sN-∂mepw ]®-a -e -bmfw Fs∂mcp ae-bmfw GsX-¶nepw ImeØv GsX-¶nepw P\-ß-fpsS CS-bn¬ \ne-\n -∂n -cp -∂-Xmbn Is≠-Øm≥ Ign -bp -I-bn -√. ae-bm-f -`m -j-bpsS D¬]-Øn-tbbpwhnIm -k-tØbpw Ipdn®v `n∂-hm -Z -K -Xn -Iƒ ]pd -s∏-Sp -hn -® -h¿t]mepw ]®-a -e -bm -fsØ ]cm-a¿in -°p -∂n -√. H∂p-In¬ Xan -gns‚ As√-¶n¬ kwkvIr -X -Øns‚ ]`m -h -ap≈ ae-bm -f -sØ-°p -dn®p amsX Ah¿°p ]d-bm -\p -≈q. ae-bmfw ae-bm -f -ambn cq]m -¥cw ]m]n -® -Xp -Xs∂ Xangn¬ \n∂pwkwkvIr -X -Øn¬ \n∂pw Ie-h -d -bn -√msX ]Z -ßƒ kzoI-cn -®p -sIm -≠m-Wv . ae -bm -fn°v \nXy -hy -h -lm -c -Øn\v Ahiyw th≠-]-Z -ß-fn¬ hen -sbmcp ]¶v kwkvIr -X-am -Wv. IpSpw_ _‘-ßƒ kqNn -∏n -°m\pw Hs°kwkvIr -X-] -Z -ßƒ AXym -h -iy -am -Wv. A—≥, apJw, \Jw, taLw XpS -ßnb ]Z-ßƒ°v ]Icw sh°m≥ ]®-a -e -bm -f -Øn¬ DNn -X -amb ]Z-ß-fn -√. Npcp -°-Øn¬ IrXn -a -ambn krjvSn -s®-Sp -t°-≠ Hcp `mj-bmWv ]®-a -e -bm -fw. km[m -c -W-°m-c -\p -t]mepw B `mj kwth-Z -\ -£-a -am -hp -I -bn -√. kwkvIr -X -] -Z -ßƒ s]dp°n am‰pI F∂p-] -d -™m¬ ]Z-Zm -cn - ZhpwBi-b-Zm -cn - Zhpw bmNn®p hmßpI F∂mW¿∞w. ]cn -an -X -amb ]Z-ßƒsIm≠v hIo -I -cWw \S-Ønb Hcp `mj-bmbn ]e-t∏mgpw AXv ]Xy -£-s∏-Sp -∂p. "`mjm-kw-kvIr -X -tbmtKm aWn - ] -hmfw' F∂√ "`mjm-kw-kvIr -X -tbmtKm ae-bmfw' F∂-XmWv kXyw. Fgp -Ø-—-\nepw sNdp -t»-cn -bnepw \ºym -cnepw \mw ImWp-∂Xv CØcw `mjm-kw -kvIr -X -tbm -K -tØmS p I qS nb DØ-a - a -W n - ] -hm - f ( - a -e -bm - f ) - a m -W v . AXn¬ \ n∂pkwkvIrXw s]dp°n am‰n -bm¬ ]n∂o-Sp -≠m-Ip -∂Xv AwK-lo -\ -amb HcphnIm -c -`m -j-bm -Wv. ]®-a -e -bmfw \n¿`m -Ky -h -im¬ Bhn -I -e -`m -j-bm -Wv.F∂m¬ hcpw Ime-Øn\p th≠n -bn -cp -∂Xv IqSp -X¬ Bi-b-£-a -amb`mj-bm -Wv .



shä -Wn -° -h n -Iƒ , he n -b - tIm -b n -Ø -ºp - c m - s\ - t∏msebp≈ -h¿hf¿Øn - s°m -≠p -h∂ kwk vIrX _lp -e - a mb aWn - ] -hm - f - ssi -e n -tbmS v I qd n -√m -Ø -hc pw \mS≥ samg n -Iƒ°pw ip≤ -a -e -bm - f -Øn\pw]m[m\yw sImSp -Ø-h -c p - ambncp∂p . Cß-s\-bn -cn -°-sh-bmWv kwkvIr-X-Øns‚ A\n-hm-cy -Xsb ÿm]n-°p∂ ]kvXm-h-hp -ambn kn. ]n. ANyp -X-ta -t\m≥ h∂-Xv. hmin apgpØ Xºp-cm≥ kwkvIr -XsØ Dt]-£n®v"\√ `mj' (sIm-√-h¿jw ˛ 1066) FgpXn Xs‚ anSp°p Im´p -Ibpw sNbvXp._lp-`m -cym -Xzhpw Pmc-kw-k¿Khpw IqSn -°p -g™ B \mS≥ shSn -°YA∂sØ hmb-\-°m¿°v ckn -°p -Ibpw sNbvXp. A\p -I-c -W-`m -¥-cmbIhn-Iƒ AØcw ]®-a -e-bm-f -Øn¬ \mS≥ CXn-hrØw Bhn-jv°-cn -°m≥a¬k-cn -°p -I-bp -≠m-bn.

kn. -]n. ANyp -X-ta-t\m-s\-t∏mse kmln-XysØ kKuchw ho£n-°p∂Hcm-fns‚ ]kvXm-hsØ hnt\m-Z -c -kn -I-cmb A∂sØ Ihn-Iƒ sX‰n -≤-cn -°p-I-bmWv D≠m-b-Xv. kwkvIrXw F∂ t]cn¬ ae-bm-f -Øn¬ ]Nmcwt\Snb ]Z-ßƒ Dt]-£n-°p-∂Xv Bfl-l-Xym-]-c -am -sW∂pw `mhm-hn -jvIm-c -Øn\v AXp hne-ßp-X-Sn -bmIpw F∂p-amWv Imhy a¿Ω-⁄-\mb kn. -]n. ANyp -X-ta-t\m≥ Dt±-in -®-Xv. ]t£ A∂sØ Ihn-Iƒ°v shSn -]-d -bpI, NXp -cwKw Ifn -°pI XpS -ßnbh t]mse Hcp hnt\m -Z -am -bn -cp∂pIhn-X-sb-gpØpw. aqcn -irw -Km -c -Øn\pw t\c-tºm-°n\pw ]m[m\yw \¬In-bn -cp∂ Ah¿ k¶o¿W-amb am\p -jn -Im-h-ÿ-Itfm kq£-amb lrZ-b-c -l-ky-ßtfm Bhn-jv°-cn -°m≥ an\-s°-ń -√.

X∂-Xn√ ]c-\p≈p Im´p -hm≥H∂pta \c-\p -]m -b-ao -iz -c≥C∂p `mj-bn -X-]q¿W-an -ßtlmh∂p-t]mw -]n -g -bp -a¿Y-i-¶-bm¬

F∂p hne-]n -°m≥ t]mcp∂ D∂-X-amb k¿Km-\p -`qXn ho≠pw hf-sc-°-gn -™m-Wt√m ae-bm-f -Ønse Ihn-Iƒ B¿÷n-®-Xv. apØ-»n -°-Y-IfpwshSn -°-Y-Ifpw hnh-c -Wm-fl-I-ambn ]c-Øn-∏-d -bm≥ Ah¿°v ]cn -an -X-amb]Z-ßƒ aXn -bm-bn -cp -∂p. B ÿnXn°v ]®-a -e-bm-f -]-Z -ßƒ Xs∂ Bi-bm-hn -jv°m-c -W-Øn\v [mcm -f -am -bn -cp∂p F∂v Ah¿°v IrXn -I -fn -eqsSsXfn -bn -°m≥ Ign -™-Xn¬ A¤p-X-an -√. Xosc \nhr -Øn -bn -√msX hcp -tºmƒ ]mtZ-in -I-Np -h-bp≈ Kmay-]-Z -ßfpw hIo-I-cW kº-Zm -b-ßfpwAh¿ kzoI-cn -®p. "N°-∏-g -s®mSn' , "]n©m-b-s]Æv' , "t]mS v ' , "]mń¬',"tN´Øw', "Cºm®n', "am‰nØw', "Du∏nSn', "C∏mSv', "CS-bn -f°w', "Nn¶fw',XpS -ßnbh Ah-bn¬ Nne-Xp -am - Xw. ]e-t∏mgpw ]®-a -e -bmfw "DW°'ae-bm-f -Øns‚ kz`m-h-amWv ]I-Sn -∏n -®-Xv.

irwKmcw ]®-a-e-bmf IrXn-I-fn¬

Hs´√m ]®-a-e-bm-f -Ir-Xn -I-fnepw kvXobpsS AwtKm-]mw-K-h¿W-\bpwkwt`mK irKmw-c-h¿W-\bpw Nn´-∏Sn \S-Øm≥ Xmev]cyw ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v. CjvS-tZ-hXm kvXpXn-bn¬ Xs∂ an° Ihn-Ifpw CXv XpSßn hbv°p-∂p.Xºp-cms‚ "\√-`mj' Hcp Pmc-kw-k¿K-Øns‚ IY-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ip≠q-cns‚\mev `mjm-Im-hy-ß-fn¬ kvXoh¿W-\bv°pw kvXo]p-cpj kam-K-a-Øn\pw]tXyIw \njvI¿j-h-®n-cn -°p-∂p. XØz-Nn-¥m-]-[m-\-amb "]m°-\m-cn¬'t]mepw \ºq-Xncn kvXobpsS AwtKm-]mw-K-h¿W-\bpw `¿Øm-hp-sam-Øp≈Ah-cpsS tIfo-hn-em-k-ßfpw G®p-sI-ń-b-Xp-t]mse tN¿Øn-cn-°p-∂p. \√-`m-j, HSp-hn-ens‚ aZn-cm-in-I-S¬°c F∂o IrXn-I-fn¬ shä-Wn-irw-Km-c-sØ-t∏mepw IS-Øn-sh-´p∂ ań-emWv kvXoh¿W-\. F√m-bn-SØpw kvXo,]pcp-j\v Ima-Xr]vXn hcp-Øp∂ ico-c-`m-K-ßƒ sIm≠-\p-K-lo-X-bmb D]-t`m-K-h-kvXp-am-Xw. \ntbm-¢m-knIv t]a-k-¶ev]w Xs∂ k¿h-X. ]kn-≤-amb Imhykt¶-X-ßƒ sIm≠p≈ Bh¿Ø\sshckyw Cu IrXn-I-fn-se√mw



]I-S-am-Wv. Imhy-k-t¶-X-∏-Sn-bp≈ ico-c-h¿W\ IYm-]m-XsØ F√m A¿∞-Ønepw ssS∏m°n am‰p-∂p. tIma-∏s‚ Imap-In-bmb DÆn-b-Ωbpw ]mem´vIÆs‚ Imap-In-bmb sIm®pw ]m°-\m-cnse k¿h-Kp-W-k-º-∂-bmb \ºq-Xncn s]Ïn-Smhpw t]cp-sIm-≠-√msX cq]w-sIm≠v `n∂-c-√. ]qh-º-g-Øn-s\-Xr-sNøpw saøpw Iqcn-cp-fns\ sh√p∂ Ipgepw h≠ns\ sh√p∂ Ipdp-\n-cbpw Xncsb tXm¬∏n-°p∂ ]pcn-Ihpw ]nSn-bm-\sb \mWn-∏n-°p∂ \S∏pwhÆ≥hm-g-bpsS XpSbpw Ip∂ns\ sIm®m-°p∂ s\™pw F√m-h¿°pw kam-\-am-Wv. D]am-\-ßƒ D]-ta-b-ßƒ°v Xpey-sa∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xn-e√ D]-am-\-ßsf Iogvs∏-Sp-Øp∂ KpW-amWv D]-ta-b-Øn-s\∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xn-emWv ]®-a-e-bm-f-X-hn-Iƒ°v Xm¬∏-cyw. ]pcpj kuµcyhpw ssS∏v amXr-I- X-s∂.

iywKm-c-tI-fn-I-fpsS h¿W-\-bnepw \ntbm-¢m-knIv kt¶-X-ßƒ Xe-Ip-Øn-a-dn -bp∂ ImgvN kpe-`-am-Wv. ]mNo-\-a-Wn-]-hmfw apX¬ sNdp-t»-cn-bpsSIrjvW-Km-Y-bneq-sSbpw Nºp-°-fn-eq-sSbpw tNt°-dnb irwKm-c-h¿W\ khn-\bw kzoI-cn-°p-I-bmWv ]®-a-e-bmf Ihn-I-fpw. ico-c-h¿W-\-bn¬ amX-a-√,Imap-In-Im-ap-I-∑m-cpsS I≠p-ap-´¬, cl-ky-k-am-K-aw, hc-l-k-µ¿`w Ch-sb√mwHtc-aq-i-bn¬ hm¿Ø-Xp-t]mse ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬ irwKm-c-h¿W-\-bn¬ ]®-a-e-bm-f-I-hn-Iƒ shäWn ]mc-º-cy-Øn¬\n∂pw Hcp NphSv apt∂mt´m]nt∂mt´m h®p F∂v ]d-bm≥ km[y-a-√. Ip≠q-cns‚ \mbn-Im-\m-b-I-∑m-cpsS]W-b-Øn¬amXw Hs´mcp ]pXpa IS-∂p-h-cp-∂p-≠v.

]tabw

]tab-kzo-I-c-W-Øn¬ ]®-a-e-bm-f-Ir-Xn-Iƒ°v Nne \n¿_-‘-ß-fp-s≠∂p]d-bmw. shä-Wn-Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ kzoI-cn® F√m-hn-j-bhpw ]®-a-e-bm-f-Ir-Xn-Iƒ AwKo-I-cn-®n-√. ]tXy-In®pw CXn-lm-k-I-Y-Isf Ah¿ ]mtS-h¿Pn-®p.tIc-fo-b-amb A¥-co-£hpw tIc-fob Pohn-X-Øns‚ Nne hi-ßfpw Bhn-jvI-cn-°m-\p-X-Ip∂ kw`-h-ßfpw sFXn-ly-ßfpw B`n-Nm-c-I-Y-Ifpw amXta]®-a-e-bm-f-Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ km[m-c-W-amb BJym-\-co-Xn-bnWv F√m-hcpw kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. t«mI-Øn¬ IY BZy¥w GI-kz-c-Øn¬ hnh-cn-®p-t]m-Ip-∂p. F∂m¬ "aZn-cmin IS¬°c' "Hcp t\¿®' F∂o IrXn-Iƒ ]ta-b-kzo-I-c-W-Øn¬ A]-hm-Z-ambn amdn-\n¬°p-∂p F∂p-am-Xw. Pmc-kw-k¿Kw, a¥-hm-Zn -Iƒ, HSn-b-∑m¿, If-cn-∏-b‰v A`ym-kn-Iƒ, hoc-]p-cp-j-∑m¿, B`n-Nm-c-I¿Ω-ßƒ Cßs\ t]mIp-∂p ]®-a-e-bm-f-Ønse tIc-fm-¥-co-£w. 19˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ A¥y-Øn-emWv Cu IrXn-Iƒ cNn-®-sX-¶nepw A∂p-Xs∂ hnZym-k-º-∂-cpsS CS-bn¬ kzm[o\w sNep-Øn-bn-cp∂ bp‡n-Nn-¥tbm imkvX-t_m-[tam hnZq-c-am-bn-t]m-epw Cu IrXn-I-fn¬ kzm[o\w sNep-Øp-∂n-√. A°m-eØp Xs∂ _n.-F. _ncpZw kºm-Zn® Ip≠qcpw HSp-hn¬ Ip™n-°r-jvW-ta-t\m\pw t]mepw Xß-fpsS ]®-a-e-bm-f-Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ ]m›m-Xy-kw-kvIm-csØAI‰n \n¿Øn. amX-a√ A[:IrX-h¿K-sØ-°p-dn®v ta¬Pm-Xn-°m¿ ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp∂ Ah-⁄bpw òXnbpw AtX-]Sn ]®-a-e-bm-f-Øn¬ \ne-\n¿Øp∂p(Hm-Sn, \mWn-°p-ń). Ime-Øn-\-\p-k-cn® hymJym\w Cs√∂p Npcp-°w. H-Sn-b\pw ]d-b\pw \c-_-enbpw K¿`-ÿ-in-ip-hns\ Ipcp-Xn-sIm-Sp-°epw adp-XbpwBbn-c-ßsf H‰bv°p Pbn-°p∂ tbm≤mhpw ChnsS bmYm¿∞yw amXw. IY-bn¬ tNmZy-an√ F∂-a-ń-ep≈ IYm-I-Y\w amXta Ah¿ sNbvXp-≈q. `mcy-tbmtSm ]nb-s∏´ amt‰-sX-¶nepw kvXotbmtSm IY-]-d-bp∂ coXn an°-hmdpwt]¿ kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. CXv shä-Wn-am¿ Ihn-X-bn¬ sIm≠p-h∂ kº-Zm-b-am-Wp-Xm-\pw.

io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp, D≈q¿ F∂o Ihn-Iƒ ]®-a-e-bm-fsØ kvtXmX-Im-hy-c-N-\bv°p IqSn D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn F∂-kw-KXn ]Tn-Xm-hn¬ IuXpI-ap-W¿Øp-∂-Xm-Wv. \mcm-b-W-Kpcp cNn® Adn-hv, PmXn-e-£Ww F∂n-hbpwD≈q-cns‚ Hcp t\¿®bpw CØcw ]co-£-W-Øn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-ambn \n¬°p-∂p.



hnj-b-kzo-I-c-W-Øn¬ Nne ]pXp-a-Iƒ hcpØn F∂sXmgn-®m¬ IhnXhnt\m-tZm-]m[n amX-amWv F∂-s]m-Xp-[m-cW shä-Wn-Ir-Xn -I-fn -se-∂-t]mse ]®-a-e-bm-f-Ir-Xn-I-fnepw ]I-S-am-Wv.

ên-X-cm-lnXyw

shäWn-°-hn-X-bpsS it≤-b-amb khn-ti-j-X-I-fn¬ H∂m-bn-cp-∂t√m\¿a-t_m-[hpw ên-X-hm-k-\bpw. F¥p-sImt≠m ]®-a-e-bm-f-Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ênXw Hcp ][m\ LS-I-ambn ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-t∂-bn-√. hnh-c-Wm-fl-IhpwBJym\ ][m-\-hp-amb ]®-a-e-bm-f-Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ ên-X-c-k-Øns‚ A`mhwhnc-kX h¿[n-∏n-°m≥ amXta DX-Ip-∂p-≈q.

Ip≠qcpw ]®-a-e-bm-fhpw

1883 apX¬ 1936 hsc Pohn-®n-cp∂ Ip≠q¿\m-cm-b-W-ta-t\m≥ shä-Wn-°-Ω-´-Øn¬ Ihn-X-sb-gpXn kp]-≤-\m-bn-Øo¿∂ Ihn-bm-Wv. `mjm-I-hn-I-fn¬_ncpZw t\Snb BZysØ Ihn-bmWv Ip≠q¿ F¶nepw ]m›m-Xy-km-ln-Xy-tØmSv At±lw B`n-apJyw ImWn-®n-cp-∂n-√. Xs‚ kl-bm-Xn-I-cmb shä-Wn-°-hn-I-fpsS Imhy-]-∑m-hn¬ Xs∂ At±lw k©-cn-®p. Xl-ko¬Zm-cmbntPmen t\m°n-bn-cp-∂-t∏mgpw Gsd Xm¬]cyw HutZym-Kn-tI-Xc hnj-b-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. ""inip, Ihn-X, NXp-cw-Kw, amºgw Ch \mep-Iq-´ta Xs∂ BI¿jn-®n-cp-∂p≈q'' F∂v At±lw ]e-t∏mgpw ]d-bm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn D≈q¿ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. \mev `mjm-Im-hy-ßƒ°p ]pdta At\Iw Imhy-ßfpwIncm-Xw, ]Xn-∂mev hrØw, ssIsIm-ń-°-fn-∏m-´v, h©n-∏m-´p-Iƒ, Iq´p-I-hn-X-Iƒ F∂n-hbpw cNn-®n-´p-≠v. Imfn-Zm-k-\pƒs∏-sS-bp≈ ]ikvX kwkvIrXIhn-I-fpsS Imhy-\m-S-I-ßƒ At±lw hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXn-´p-≠v.

F¶nepw ]®-a-e-bm-f-Ir-Xn-I-fpsS t]cn-emWv Ip≠q¿ ÿnc-]-XnjvT t\Sn-b-Xv. Cu ]ÿm-\-Øn¬ ssIh® as‰mcp Ihn°pw CØcw Hcp `mKyw ssIh-∂n-√. ""]®-a-e-bmfØn¬ Ih-\w-sN-øp∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ Ip™n-°p-´≥ Xºp-cm≥t]mepw At±-lØn\p Xpey-\m-bn-cp -∂n-√. "\√-`mj' Xncn-bm-sW-¶n¬"tIma-∏≥' AXn¬\n∂p sImfp-Ønb ]¥-amWv F∂tX D≈q¿ shń-Øp-d∂p ]d-™p-I-f-™-Xv. tIc-fo-b-cpsS a\- n¬ Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn ssIamdn hcp-∂Xpw a\p-jy-a-l-Xz-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-hpamb sFXn-ly-I-Y-I-fmWv Ip≠q¿ Xs‚]®-a-e-bmf Imhy-ßƒ°v B[m-c-am-°n-b-Xv. tIma-∏≥, ]m°-\m¿, IÆ≥,i‡≥Xºp-cm≥ F∂o hoc-]p-cp-j-∑m¿ tIc-fo-b-amb [otcm-Zm-Ø-X-bp-tSbpwal-Xz-Øn-t‚bpw Poh-Im-cp-Wy-Øn-t‚bpw BZna ]Xo-I-ß-fm-W-t√m.

]®a-e-bmf Ihn-I-fn¬ Ip≠q¿ \Sp-\m-b-I-ÿm-\Øv ]Xn-jvTn-X-\m-bXvXnI®pw kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. Hcp am‰w F∂-\n-e-bn¬ amXw a‰p-≈-h¿ ]®-a-e-bmf Ihn-Xm-c-N-\bv°v kabw Is≠-Øn-b-t∏mƒ Ip≠q¿ ]mam-\y-amb Imhy-co-Xn-bmbn ]®-a-e-bm-fsØ kzoI-cn-®p. kmam\yw Zo¿L-amb \mep-Ir-Xn-I-fn¬ cNn® Ip≠q-cns‚ ]®-a-e-bmf Imhyw FÆ-Øn-se-∂-t]mse KpW-ØnepwanI-®-Xm-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. F¶nepw Ip≠q¿ ]®-a-e-bm-f-Øn¬ hcp-Ønb ]cn-jv°m-c-ßƒ th≠X i≤n-°-s∏-ń-ń-√. Ip™n-°p-´≥ Xºp-cm≥ Xs‚ k¿§-kn≤n ]®-a-e-bm-f-Øn¬ ]q¿Æ-ambn ]tbm-Kn -®n -√. F∂m¬ Ip≠q-cms´shä-Wn-°-hn-X-bpsS sIm≠m-S-s∏´ khn-ti-j-X-I-sf√mw ]®-a-e-bm-f-Øn-te°v ]cm-h¿Ø\w sNbvXp. tIhew EPp-hmb BJym-\-Øn\p Xºp-cm≥]®-a -e -bm -fsØ \o°n -h -®p . shä-Wn -I -hn -X -bpsS ]tXy -I -X -IfmbkvXoh¿W-\, ba-I-`-aw, ]mk-°-k¿Øv, i_vZm-Uw-_-cXzw Ch-sbm∂pwAhnsS Xºp-cm≥ k^-e-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-√. F∂m¬ ta¬∏-d™ shä-Wn-°-hn-Xm-]-cn-afw GXm≠v ]q¿W-am-bn-Øs∂ Ip≠q¿ ]®-a-e-bm-f-Øn¬Bhm-ln-®p. ]mkhpw ba-Ihpw Ae-¶m-c-ß-fp-sams° tN¿Øv "Dc-en-t‚bpw



De-°-bp -sSbpw CS-bn -eqsS IhnX IS-∂p-h-cp∂ ImgvN Ip≠q-cns‚ ]®-a -e-bmf Ihn-X-bn¬ k¿hX ImWmw.

XXz-Nn -¥m-]-[m-\-amb ]m°-\m-cn¬ kZvkz -`m -hn -bmb \ºq-Xncn bph-Xn -bpsS AwtKm-]mw -K -h¿W\ \S-Øm≥ Ihn sIm≠epw ]nSn -bm -\bpwaebpw Aebpw tX\pw Infnbpw Imdpw hmgbpw Xpºn -ss°bpw Hs°Iøpw IW-°p-an -√msX Iq´p -]n -Sn -°p -∂p-≠v. Ahn-Shpw Ign™v GsXmcp\ntbm-¢m-knIv Ihn -sbbpw Iog-S -°m≥ t]mcp∂ hnNn - X-amb Nne Imhy-I-k¿Øp-Ifpw krjv -Sn -®p -h-®n -´p -≠v. ]mkhpw ba-Ihpw i_vZ-°-k¿Øp-I-fp -ap -]-tbm-Kn®v Ip≠q¿ D≠m°n h® Hcp t«mI-°p-cp°v ImWp-I.

Dt≠m t\c-Øp-Sp°pw Xfn -scm -S -a -cSnbv°pw sNmSn°pw sNmSn°pw

sIm≠¬t°-sd-°-Sp -°p -∂-g -Ip -samcp anSp°pw apSn°pw apSn°pw

I≠m-epƒ°m-ºn -Sn -°p -∂-gep InS -]nSn°pw ]nSn°pw ]nSn°pw

sIm≠m-tS≠pw \Sbv°pw apSn -b-gn -bp -anSbvs°m∂-Sn -°p -∂-Sn -°pw.

IhnX-bpsS `mh-cq -] -s∏m -cp -Ø-sØ-∏-‰n -bp≈ \ho\ [mc -W-bp -ambnIp≠q-cns\ kao-]n -®m¬ hrYm-ÿq-e-X, A\uNnXyw, hmI-Zq -I-X, kam-[n -`wKw Cßs\ ]eXpw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°m≥ ]bm-k-an -√. ]t£, shä-Wn-°-hn -X-bn¬ hmb-\-°m-c≥ At\z-jn -®n -cp -∂Xv AsXm-∂p-am -bn -cp -∂n√F∂-Imcyw \mw ad-∂p-Iq -Sm. Ip≠q¿ ]®-a -e-bm-f -I-hn -I-fn¬ hº-\m-bXvCu shä-WnØw ]®-a-e-bm-f-Øn¬ k^-e-ambn BKo-cWw sNbvX-Xns‚t]cn -em -bn -cp -∂p.

F¶nepw Ip≠q-cns‚ kvXo]p -cp -j _‘w Hcp -]Sn Db¿∂-Xm-sW∂pkΩ-Xn -°msX hø. \mbn -Im-\m-b-I-∑m-cpsS ]Wbw ]Y-a -Z¿i-\-Øn¬DS-se-Sp -°-∂Xpw an°-hmdpw sshj-bn -I-amb Zml-Øn¬ Du∂p-∂-Xp -am -sW-¶nepw AXv [ochpw Nmcn - X-ip -≤n -bn¬ A[n-jvTn -X-hp -ambn hnI-kn -°p-∂p. "bph-P-\-lr-Zbw kzX-¥-am-W-h-cpsS Imay-]-cn -Ktl—bm¬' F∂]W-b-XXzw tIma-∏≥ ˛ DÆnbΩ, IÆ≥ ˛ sIm®v Cu ]W-b-tPm-Un -Iƒ \qdp -i-X-am -\hpw ]men -°p-∂p. CjvS-s∏´ ]pcp -js\ cl-ky-ambn InS-°-d -bn¬ £Wn®v can -°p∂ Ah-cpsS kml-kn-IX amdn -h∂ k∑m¿K-\n -b -a -Øn\p \nc -°p -∂-X-√m -bn -cn -°mw. ]t£ GXv FXn¿∏n -s\bpw t\cn -Sm\pw Nmcn - X-Øn\p t\sc-bp≈ GXmI-a -W-sØbpw Poh≥ ]W-bw-h®vFXn-cn -Sm -\p -ap≈ Ah-cpsS Xt‚Sw shä-Wn-°-hn -X-bp -tS -X-√. A\p-c -RvP-\-Øn-eqsS s]mńb _‘-ßƒ Dcp -°n -t®¿°p∂ Imcy -Ønepw Cu\mbn -I-am¿ amXr-Im -h-\n -X-Iƒ Xs∂. \mbn -I-bv°p-th≠n GXp kml-k-Øn\pw hn´p -ho -g vNbv°pw Xøm-dm -Ip∂ \mb-I-∑mcpw ]iw-k-\o -b-ambKpWw ]I-S -am -°p -∂p. Imhy-co -Xn -bn¬ shä-Wn-tbmSv tN¿∂p \n∂pF¶nepw kwkvIm-c -Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ Ip≠q¿ `qX-Im-e-tØ°p aS-ßn.Cu aS°w Ip≠p-sc∂ shä-Wn-°-hnsb IqSp -X¬ B[p-\n -I-\m-°p-I-bm -Wp -≠m-b -X v . Ipam -c -\m -ims‚ amwk-\n -_-≤-a -√mØ cmK-k-¶¬∏-hp -amtbm Im¬∏-\nI hn]vf -h-hp -amtbm Ip≠q-cns‚ Imhy-co -Xn°v ]Xy-£-_-‘-an -√m -bn -cn -°mw. ]t£ shä-Wn -°-hn -Xsb Bt£-]n -°msXXs∂ Im¬∏-\nI temI-Øn -te°v Imep -am -dn -® -hn -ńb h≈-tØm-fns‚kwI-a -W-L-´sØ Xmßm≥ Ip≠q-cns‚ `mjm-Im-hy -ßƒ°v Ign -™n-´p -s≠∂v ImWm≥ hnj-a -an -√. h≈-tØm-sf∂ Im¬∏-\nI Ihn ]nd-hn -sb-Sp -°p∂ _‘-\-ÿ-\mb A\n -cp -≤-\nse ]W-b-k-¶ev]w \mep -`m -jm -Im-hy -ß-fpsS P\p- n¬ \n∂p-Zbw sNbvX-Xp -t]mse tXm∂p-∂p.



cl-ky-k-am -K -aw, _‘p-°-fp -am -bp≈ G‰p -ap -´¬, ZrVm-\p -cm -Kw, ip`m -¥ -kq -N\ CsXms° _‘-\ -ÿ-\mb A\n -c p -≤ -\nepw ImWm -a - t√m .]t£, \mS -Io -bX, in¬∏ `Z -X, ]I-c -W-ip≤n F∂o Imcy -ß-fn¬h≈-tØmƒ FXtbm ImXw apºn -em -Wv. F¶nepw sdmam‚ n -kn -k-Øns‚ap≥Kma n ( ] n - ˛ - sdm - am‚ n -I v ) F∂v h nf n -° -s∏ - Sm≥ G‰hpw A¿l≥Ip≠qcp Xs∂.

]®-a -e -bmfw A\yw \n∂p -t]m -Ip -hm -\p -≠mb Imc-W-ßƒ

1. kwth-Z -\-hp -ambn _‘-s∏´ GsX-¶nepw ]Xn-k‘n t\cn -Sm≥ th≠n-bmWv km[m-c -W-K-Xn -bn¬ ]pXnb ]ÿm-\-ßƒ kmln -Xy -Øn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏ -S p -∂ -X v . i_vZ -sØ-°mƒ A¿∞-Øn\p ]m[m\yw thW-sa -∂ -t_m[w ZznXo -bm -£-c - ]m -k-hm -Z -Øn\pw kmlnXyw Pohn -X-Øn\pw th≠n-bm -bn -cn -°-W-sa∂ Nn¥ ]ptcm -K -a -\ -km -lnXy]ÿm-\-Øn\pw \nbm -a -I -am -bn -h¿Øn-®Xv Hm¿°p-I. ]®-a -e -bm -f -am -Is´ Hcp sIm®p -X¿°-Øn¬\n∂pw X∑q -e -ap -≠mb ]nSn -hm -in -bn¬ \n∂p -amWv Bcw-`n -® -Xv . A\p -I-c -W-hm -k-\-bn¬ Ihn™v auenI-amb GsX-¶nepw ]Xn -k‘n ]®-a -e -bmf Ihn -Isf Ae-ń -bn -√. AXns‚ ]tbm-‡m-°ƒt]mepw ]®-a -e -bm -f -Øn\v CXc Imhy-ßsf At]-£n®v Fs¥-¶nepw ta∑-bp -≈-Xmbn Ah-Im -i -s∏ -ń -√. hnt\m -Z -Øn -\p -th -≠n -bmWv ]®-a -e -bmf Imhy -ßƒ cNn -°p -∂-sX∂v ]ecpw G‰p -] -d -bp -∂p -ap -≠v. Ip≠q-scm -gn -®p≈ ]®-a -e -bmfIhn -I -fpsS CX-c -Ir -Xn -I -fmWv Ah-cpsS Xs∂ ]®-a -e -bm -f -Ir -Xn -I -sf -°mƒ tijv vTw.

2. shä-Wn -°-hn -Xbv°p `mh-]-c -ambn t]mcm -bva -Iƒ D≠m-bn -cp -∂p -sh-¶nepw emfn -Xyw, kpK-l-X, ên -X-t_m[w Ch Ah-bpsS KpW-ß-fm -bn -cp -∂p. ]®-a -e -bmf IrXn -I -fm -Is´ ]Z-Zm -cn - Z -Øn¬ \n∂p c£-t\-Sm≥th≠n ]Z-ß-fpsS ]kn -≤-amb A¿∞w hnK-Wn®v A]-kn -≤-ambA¿∞w kzoI-cn -®n -cp∂p ]e-t∏m -gpw. CXv A¿∞-¢n -jvSX hcp -Øn -h -®p.apdn -hp -amdn F∂-Xn\v "apdn -amdn' F∂pw shbnev A¬]w-t]mepw G¬°m-ØnSw F∂-Xn\v ""sshen -Øn -cn°p aW-bm -sØm-cnSw'' F∂pw ]tbm-Kn -°m-\-h¿°p aSn -bn -√. ]nSn -hmin \nc¿∞I i_vZ-ß-fpsS D]-tbmKw h¿[n-∏n -®p. Zqcm -\z -bw, hnk-‘n, bXn -`w -Kw, Kmay - ] -tbmKw XpS -ßnb Zqjy-ßƒ ]®-a -e -bm -f -Im -hy -ß-fn¬ h¿[-am -\ -amb tXmXn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp -∂p.

3. Agn™ irwKmcw, ]c-Øn-∏-d -b¬, Kuch-an -√m -bva, ]¿hn -N-X¿h-Ww,kwt_m-[-\m-[n -Iyw, i_vZm -Uw-_-c -X, ]mk-` -aw, h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-ß-fn¬\n∂p≈ ]em -b\ ]h-WX XpS -ßnb \yq\ -X -aqew shä-Wn -°-hnXsamØ-Øn¬ \misØ t\cn -Sp∂ Ime-am -bn -cp∂p AXv. `mjm-] -c -ambemfn -Xy -a√ `mh-]-c -amb Hu∂n-Xy-amWv Hcp ]ÿm-\sØ \ne-\n¿Øp∂][m-\-i-‡n. \n¿`m-Ky -h-im¬ Zqjy-ßƒ Hs∂m-gn -bmsX Dƒs°m-≠p-sIm-≠mWv ]®-a -e-bmfw ]nd-hn -sb-Sp -Ø-Xv. Aßs\ h∂-t∏mƒ shä-Wn-°-hn -X-bpsS \mi-Øn\p Imc-W-amb kwK-Xn -Iƒ Xs∂ ]®-a -e-bmf IrXn -I-fpsS \mi-Øn\pw Imc-W-ambn F∂p-Im-Wm≥ ]bm-k-an -√. ]ecpw sX‰n -≤ -c n -°pw - t]mse ]® -a -e -bm -f - tØm -S p≈ à - a√ ]® -a -e -bm -f -Øns‚XI¿®bv°p Imc-Ww. adn®v shä-Wn-°-hnX F∂ hr£w \new-]-Xn -®-t∏mƒ AXns‚ D]-im-J-bm-bn -cp∂ ]®-a -e-bm-fhpw \new-]-cn -imbn F∂p-am - Xw.

tIma -∏≥

hS-°≥ ]m´p -I -fn -eq -sSbpw a‰pw P\-lr -Z -b -ß-fn¬ thtcmSnbn´p≈]mem -´p -tIm -as‚ hotcm -Xn -lm -k-amWv Ip≠q¿ BJym\w sNøp -∂-X v .Bh¿Ø\ hnc -k-a -√mØ \s√mcp IY-]-d™v ]nb-X-asb ]oXn -s∏-Sp -Øn -s°m-≈m-sa∂v Ihn Imhym -cw -` -Øn¬ hm°p sImSp -°p -∂p.



\mb¿ hoc - tbm -≤m -hmb ]mem - ´ p - tIm - a\ p w H∂qdm w ho´ p -Im - c p -a mb Ipd p -∏ -∑mc pw IpS n -∏ -I - a qØ Nnc -Im -e -i - X p -° -fm -W v . Hc p XmensI´ v Ieym -W -ho - ´ n¬ h ni n -j v S m -X n -Y n -bm - sb -Ønsb tIma\pw Ipd p -∏ - ∑ m - c p s S k t l m - Z - c n - b m b D Æ n - b - Ω b p w Z r V m - \ p - c - ‡ - c m b n .CuSm¿∂p -hm -b n -°p∂ Ah -c psS ]W -b -\ - Z n° v IpSpw -_-i - Xp -X - ] -i v\ -am -bn -cp -∂n -√. ]W-b -hn -clw aq¿[ -\y -Øn -emb tIma≥ hcp -∂-Xp -h -cs´ F∂p -I -cpXn DÆn -bΩ Ipfn -°m -s\ -Øp∂ IS-hn¬ Ipfn -°m -\n -d -ßn. ]nb-an - X -amb Nm∏≥ th≠ HØm-i -Ifpw sNbvXp -sIm -Sp -Øp. Ipf -°-S -hn -se -Ønb DÆn -b -Ωbpw ktlm -Z -c n -bmb DÆn -®n -c nbpw tImas\I≠p. DÆn -®ncn kqX -Øn¬ ktlm-Z -c -∑msc hnh -c -a -d n -bn -°m≥ aS -ßn.NXn a\ - n -em -°nb DÆn -bΩ Ipfn -°m -s\∂ `mh -Øn¬ sh≈-Øn -en -dßn \n¬°p -Ibpw tImas\ kar -≤-amb apSn -bpsS CS -bn¬ Hfn -∏n®p\n¿Øp -Ibpw sNbvXp . A∂p cmXn tIma≥ DÆn -b -Ω -bpsS InS -∏ -d -bn¬ IS -°p -Ibpw Xmc -º-\m¿ tIfn -bn¬ B≠p apgp -Ip -Ibpw sNbvXp.DW¿∂-t∏mƒ t\cw h√msX shfp -Øp -t]m -b -Xp -I≠ DÆn -bam tImas‚hmfpw ]cn -Nbpw Xs‚ s]ń -bn¬ h®p ]q´p -Ibpw Abmsf Hcp ]mWs‚thjw AWn-bn®v ]pd -Øp -hn -Sp -Ibpw sNbvXp.

bmZr -›n -I-ambn ktlm-Z -cn -bpsS s]ń -bn¬ hmfpw ]cn -Nbpw I≠ DÆn-®ncn hnhcw ktlm-Z -c -∑msc Adn -bn -®p. ]mem -´p -tIm -a -s\-°mƒ tIm´ -bv°¬ Ip™menac-°m-sc -bmWv i¶n -® -Xv . DÆn -b-Ωsb shń -\p -dp -°nbtijw ac-bv°msc hwi-hn -t—Zw hcp -Øm≥ Ah¿ Xo¿®-s∏-Sp -Øn.

At∏m -gmWv Hcp ]Xn - ] -tbm -K -ambn shfn -® -∏mS v h∂p -tN¿∂-Xv . DÆn -b -Ωsb h[n -°-cp -sX∂pw sNbvX ]m]-Øn\v ]mb-›n -Ø-w sNøm≥ Ah-kcw \¬In Ah-fpsS Bflm-hns\ c£n -°-W-sa∂pw Abmƒ hmZn -®p .GIm -¥-amb Hcp hoń¬ Ahsf ]m¿∏n®p t\¿®-Iƒ t\cm -\p≈ Ah-kcw Xm≥ D≠m-°n -s°m-Sp -°m -sa∂pw shfn -® -∏m -tS -‰p . Ipdp -∏p -am¿ A\p -hm -Zhpw \¬In. ]t£ DÆn -b -Ωsb GIm-¥-ambn ]m¿∏n -® -tijw Ah-fpsS ASp -°¬ Ima -Nm -] -ey -hp -ambn shfn -® -∏m -sS -Øn. Xs‚ KqtVm -t±iyw \S -°p -I -bn -s√∂p t_m[yw -h∂ shfn -® -∏mS v DÆn -b -Ωsb ac -b v°m¿°p hn‰ v ]Ww t\Sm≥ Xocp -am -\n®p ]pd -s∏ -´p . Cu kabw P\m -e -bn -eqsS I≠ Hcp thes\ DÆn -bΩ hnfn -°p -Ibpw tIma\p \¬Im≥Hcp IØp \¬Ip -Ibpw sNbvXp.

cm Xn -bm -b -t∏mƒ ac -b v°m¿ apd n -Xp - d∂ v DÆn -b -Ωsb ]m]n -°m≥AW-™p. ssIhm -fp -ta¥n Cu‰ -∏p -en -sb -t∏mse DÆn -bΩ FXn¿Øp\n∂p. Cu ka-bØv tIma -s\ -Øp -Ibpw ]nb-X -a -bpsS ssIbn¬ \n∂pwhmfp -hmßn ac -b v°m -tcm -tS -‰p -a p -´ p -Ibpw sNbvXp. HSp -hn¬ ac -b v°m¿tImas‚ hmfn\ v Cc -bm -bn -Øo¿∂p. t]Sn -t®m -Snb ac -b v°m -cpsS A\p -N -c¿ NXn -b -\mb shfn -® -∏m -S ns‚ Xe-sIm -øm≥ ad -∂n -√. Cu kabwhnh -c -a -d n™v bpt≤m -Zyp -‡-cmbn Ipdp -∏ -∑m -cp -sa -Øn. DÆn -bΩ shfn -® -∏m -S ns‚ NXn hy‡-am -°n -b -tXmsS Ipdp -∏ -∑m¿ tImas‚ NßmØwA`y¿∞n-®p. \µn -tbmsS Ah¿ DÆn -bm -Ωsb tIma\p h[p -hmbn \¬Ip -Ibpw sNbvXp.

DtZzmKw D≠m-°p -∂-hn[w \mS -Io -b -ambn IY-] -d -bp -∂-Xn -e√ Ip≠q -c n\ p XmX v] - c y - sa -∂p - tXm∂pw Cu IrXn -hm -b n -®m¬. h¿W-\b v°p]m[m\yw \¬Ip∂ Ab™ BJym -\ -co -Xn -bmWv BZy -¥w. Nne t«mI-ßƒ t\m°pI: tIma-∏-s\∂ tbm≤m-hns‚ NnXw.:

Imfbv°p ImWp-samcp tXmfp, Icn -º-\bv°pImfpw Ipdp -ºp -I-f -bp -∂p -S¬, am¿ hncn™v\of-Øn-eq -°p-Sb ssII-fp -ambv ]Sbv°ptIfn -s∏Spw ]Sn hnf™p hnfßn tIma≥



]W-b-Øns‚ kz—-Xbpw D—rw-J-e-Xbpw tImas‚ hm°p-I-fn¬:Bbp-Ænb-Ω-sbmcp am‰-e¿ ho´p -Im-cn˛bmbp≈ sXms°-b-dn -hp≈ Icnºp hn√≥Cubp-≈-h-∂-g -en -sX-¥n\p tN¿∏-sX∂pImbp-s∂m-cp -s≈mSp Xpd-∂p-]-d™p tIma≥

]W-b-Øns‚ Xoh-Xbpw H∏w e÷bpw bph-an -Yp-\-ßsf he-bv°p∂NnXw:

c≠mƒ°p ap≠-W-bp-hm≥ sImXn-sb∂p I≠pc≠mfp apƒØ-fncp sIm≠-h¿ XΩn¬ th´pI≠m-epsa¶nep-a-W-™n-Sp-hm≥ aSn®pc≠m-fp-aº! ae-c-º\p t\c-h≥ Xm≥.

Bßf-am-cpsS \n¿Z-b-XzsØ Hm¿Ωn-∏n® Imap-In-tbmSv tIma≥ [ochpwirwKm-cm-fl-I-ambpw ]d-bp∂ adp-]Sn:

""]p√m-Wn-\n°p ]S-bm-fn-Iƒ, \n¶-S-°¨˛X√mWp tX≥samgn XSp-Øn-Sp-hm≥ sRcp°wsX√m-I-bm¬ sXfn-hn-b∂p XpW-bv°Ww \o˛b√m-bvIn-em-ß-f-X≥ ]Wn s]ßƒ sNøpw''

kwt`mK irwKmcw:""tamSn-∏-In-´p-S-sbm-cm-b-hƒ tIma-t\mSpIqSn-∏-cp-ß¬ Ie-cm-Xp-S-\∂p cmhn¬tXSn-∏-S-bv°-Wbp ama-e-c-º-\mbv t]m˛cmSn-∏-Xp-s°-b-h-\p≈ anSp-°-S°n''

Imam`y¿∞-\p-ambn sN∂ NXn-b-\mb shfn-®-∏m-Sn-t\mSv Xs‚ ZrVm-\p-cm-K-Øns‚ XohX DÆn-bΩ hy‡-am-°p∂p:

NØm-ep-sa≥ IW-h-\m-Inb tIma-\-√m˛

XpƒØmcp as‰m-cp-h-t\-Ip-I-bn-s√tSm Rm≥

Ima-`m¥p Ibdn DÆn-b-Ωsb ]m]n-°m-\-W™ ac-bv°m-cpsS t\sc hmfp-b¿Øn FXn-cn-Sm≥ Hcp-ßp∂ [oc \mbn-I-bmb DÆn-b-Ω-bpsS NnXw:

""\n¬°mbvI t]mI ]pd-tIm-´n\n am∏ntf \oshbv°mbvI Imsem-c-Sn-t]m-ep-a-Sp-Øn-tS≠C°m-Wp-sa-∂p-Sb hmfn\p Xo\p \¬Im≥t\m°m-bvI-sb-∂p-a-hƒ hmfp-ap-e-®p-c®p

tIma-∏≥DuWp¶-gn-™n-c-hn-sem∂p apdp°n an∂¬˛\mWn-®n-Sp∂ aS-hm-scm-Sp-samØp a®n¬hmWo-Sp-a-s∏m-g-h-fp-≈n¬ \n\-∏-Xn-∂˛XmsW-∂-dn-™-h-sfm-Sn-ßs\ Rm≥ ]d™p

\mƒtXm-dp-an-ßs\ ]m™-Xp-Xs∂ ho≠p˛tamXp-s∂m-cn-∏-Wn-bn-\n-°-gn-bn-√n-\n°v\oXm-\p-d-ßp-h-Xn-\p-≈n-sem-c-‰-sa-Øn˛SmXp≈ sXm∂p-an\n Rm\p-c-sN-bvI-bn√

sX‰n-√n-\n°p ]d-bp-∂Xp \√-Xm-bm¬]‰n-√p-d-°-sam-cp-\m-fn-ep-sa-∂n-hÆwIp‰w ]d™p shdptX If-tb≠ t\cwIp‰-°-cnw-Ip-geo sX‰n-h-t\-ddp t]msc?



tI´m-ep-am-sh-Sn-a-cp-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xn≥ap˛sºm´√ t]mcn¬ hncp-Xm¿∂n-Sp-hm≥ sRcp°wIń-Ø-ta-dp-ap-S¬ t]mc-ap-dbv°p I®˛sI´pw ]b-‰p-sa-h\pw ]Xn-hm-bn-cp∂q

a∂n-¶¬ as‰-hn-sSbpw Xncn-bm-Ø-a-´m˛W∂m-fn-eo-h-I-]-b‰p IS-Ø-\m´vH∂q-d-Xm-a-cn-b-ho-sSm-sS-XrØ ]mem˛s´∂p≈ \√ Xd-hm-S-hn-S-Øn-√-t√m.

aptºm-Xn-tbm-c-hnsS \√ Ipdp∏p at‰m¿tX≥s]-bvXn-Sp-∂-samgn! \mb-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p.aptº-Xn\pw Icp-Xn-\n-°-Xn-\n-°n-h-Æ˛atºm Xnc-°p-a-h¿ XΩn¬ apgp-Øn-cp∂p

tIma-∏-s\-s∂m-cp-h-\-∂p-f-hmbn ]mem˛´maq-∏-tcm-S-a-cn-Sp-∂-h¿ tXm‰p a≠pw\man-s∏m-gq-°p-Sb tXm°p-Iƒ sIms≠-Sp°pwioa-∏-b-‰p-ap-d-b-∂-dn-hn-√-b-t√m.

]≠p≈ \√ ]Xn-s\-´-Shpw Xncn™psIm≠p≈ Iq´-cn-e-hs‚ InS-bvs°m-cmsfI≠n-√-sb-∂-hn-sS-bp-≈-h-tcm¿°n-sem∂pc≠√ tIma-s\-b-dn-™-h-scm-s°-tbmXpw

Imfbv°p ImWp-sam-cp-tXmfpw Icn-º-\-bv°pImfpw Ipdp-ºp-I-f-bp-∂p-S¬, am¿hn-cn™v\of-Øn-eq-°p-Sb ssII-fp-am-bv]-Sbv°ptIfn-s∏Spw ]Sn hnf™p hnfßo tIma≥

h≠m-d-Wn-°p-g-en-am-scmcp IÆp t\m°n˛°≠m¬a-b-ßp-a-g-Ip-≠-h-s\-∂p-a√Xn≠m-Sn-t\¿°p-sa-Xn-cm-f-C-I-sf-X-Iq-Sn˛s°m≠m-ep-am-an-Sp-an-Sp-°\p ]p√p-t]mse

Atßm¿s°-XrØ Xd-hm-ń-sem-tc-gp-t]-cp˛≠ntßm¿°n-eo-sbm-cp-ht\ ]S-bm-fn-bp-≈qaßm-sX-bp-≈p-in-cn-b-s∂m-c-h∂p tN¿∂Nßm-Xn-Nm-∏-\-cn-In¬ Nncn-bm-sX-bp≠mw

\mń¬ InS∂p Ign-tb-≠p-sam-tcXp \mb¿˛hoń-¶epw apd-]n-Sn-®-Sn-b-¥n-c-ßƒ]mń¬°-gn-∏n-Xn∂p ta¬]-Sn-bp≈ c≠p˛hoń-¶epw ]d-bWw ]Xn-hm-Wn-X-tX.

F∂m-ep-ao-sbm-sc-Xr-ho-´p-S-tbm¿Iƒ XΩn¬h∂m-sem-tc-S-hp-an-W-ßp-I-bn-√-Xm\pwH∂m-Wn-S-bv°n-h-cn-S™p Ie-º¬Iq-ń˛sb∂m¬ Ipg-ßp-a-Xn-\m¬ Icp-Xn-∏n-Sn°pw



thgv®-∏-Sn-s°m-cp-h-s\-Øp-In¬ a‰pIq-´¿ImgvN-°p-t]m-ep-a-W-Ins√mgnhm-bn-cn°pwC®-´-tam¿sØm-cn-S-ap-s≈mcp Xmen-sI-ń˛\mbvs®∂p tIma-\n-W-bm-Inb Nm∏-t\mSpw

XnÆ∂p tIma\p apd-bv°mcp \mSp-hmgn˛s°Æw Ipdn-°p-samcp Iń¬ sImSp-Øn-cp∂ps]Æp-ßƒ tamSn-sbmSp ]≠-a-Wn™p th≠pw˛hÆw Xnc-s°m-Sp-an-S-°nsS h∂n-cp-∂p.

B h∂p-tN¿∂ adn-am≥ angn-am¿Iƒ tXm‰p˛t]mhp-∂, \√ Nne tXmgn-I-tfmSp IqsS,]qh-º-\p≈ ]pXp-ssI-sØm-gn-se∂p tXm∂o˛Smhp-º-Sn-s°m-cp-h-f-∂-hn-sS°p sN∂p

As∏Æp tIma-\psS IäWn I´p-sIm-≠m˛W∏-¥¬ tIdn-b-X-Xmcpadn-™-Xn√aq∏¿°p ]nºp-d-a-S-ßn-sbm-Xpßn \n¬°pwNm∏≥ NXn-∏-Wn-Iƒ I≠p-]n-Sn-®p-Xm\pw

tImas‚ IÆ-h-sf-sbm-s∂-Xn-tc-°p-hm-\˛t°a-Øn-ap-ºn-semcp Iäp-\-\o-´-b®pCua-´-I-Ø-hƒ IS-s∂-Xr-I-ń-en≥ta¬]qsaØ ]p°p ]q]p-©ncn ]q≠n-cp-∂mƒ

CuhmgvN I≠-f-hp-am-dm-e¿a-¶-bm-fn¬ssIhogvN I¨hgn Icƒ°p ]nW-™-Xn-¶¬Xosh-®-t]m-ep-bn¿ NqSpw s\Sp-ho¿∏n-\m¬ I˛Æo¿ hm®p tIma-\-Xp-ap-≈n-sem-Xp-°n-Xm\pw

]mem-gn-am-Xn-s\-Xn-cm-sbm-c-hƒ°p-ap-≈n¬]mems´ \mb-cn-h-s\-∂-X-dn-™-t\cwtNem-Iptam \n\-hn-sX∂p Ipd-®p- tXm∂nt]mse-b-Xm-b-hƒ sNmSn-®p-W-sIm-≠-S°n

Gd-∏-d-™n-Sp-h-sX-¥n\p Xmen-sI-´p˛t\cw Ign™p ]ncn-tb-≠-h¿ th¿]n-cn™pXmc-º-\o-bn-cp-h-cn¬ Icƒ am‰n sh®pthdn-´p-t]m-bp-S¬ ad-™nXp c≠p-t]¿°pw

t]mIpw hgn-s°mcp NXn-®n-cn-tbmSp Nm∏≥sshIp∂p t\c-an-\n-sb¥p \n\-∏-sX-∂m¬\o I≠-sX-¥Xp ]d-™n-Sp-sI∂p tIma≥BtI-≠-Xmbn hgn t\m°-W-sa∂p Nm∏≥

Bbp-Æn-b-Ω-sbmcp am‰-e¿ho-´p-Im-cn˛bmbp-≈-sXm-s°-b-dn-hp-≈ Icn-ºp-hn-√≥Cubp≈ h∂-g-en-sX-¥n\p tN¿∏-sX∂pImbp-s∂m-cp-s≈mSp Xpd∂p ]d™p tIma≥



B tamSn IqSp-a-h-fn¬ sImXn ssIhn-Sm-\n˛ßmtam sRcp-°-an-h-\n∂p IpSp-°p-]‰n\mtam¿°n-se-¥n-hnsS th≠-sXm-gn®p amdn˛t∏mtam ]nW-°-an-Xp-hn-´-e-c-º-\mthm

t]mcp≈ ]qa-I-\n-h≥X-e-a-≠-X-∂n¬t]mcp-tºm-sgm-s∂-gp-Xn-hn-´Xp X´n-\o-°m≥t]mcp-∂-Xmcp? hcpanßp htc-≠-X-√¬t]mcp-ºp-ds∏SpI-sb∂p ]d™p ]ns∂

t]mhp-∂-X-√-g-ep-hn-Ø-e-c-º-s\ßp]mhp-∂-Xpw, ]gp-sX,-sb-∂-X-dn-™n-SmsXBhp∂ a´-g-sem-Xp°n \S∂p tIma≥tahp∂ ho´n-e-h-c-ßns\ sN∂n-cp∂p

sX√pw \ap°p icn-b-√nXp th≠-sb-∂mbvsNm√p∂ Nm∏s\msSXr-°p-I-bn√ tIma≥sN√pw IS∂p Icƒ ]s∂-bp-sam´p Imdp˛a√pw sXmgpw Ipg-en-bn¬ sImXn-tb-dn-tbdn

tImf√ sIm√p-a-e-c-º-s\-Xr-°p-hm≥\msf-√-sb∂p ]d-hm≥ aSn-bm-I-bmsetIf-√-te-dn-b-h-\ßp Ipgn®p \mep˛\mf-√-Wn-°p-gen! \os≠-gp-am-≠p-t]mse

tNWm¿s∂m-cm-b-hsf h√ hgn-°p-sam∂pImWmsX I≠p Ign-bn-√-g-em¿∂n-hÆwhmWm-sem-c-‰-an-Xn-s\-ß-e-c-º-t\mSpXmWm-ep-sa¥p Ipd-sh∂p \n\®p ]ns∂

IqsS-∏n-d-s∂-gp-ap-Wn-®n-cn-b-ΩtbmSpIqsS-°p-fn-°p-h-Xn-\m-b-hƒ t]mbn-Sp-tºmƒIqtS-dnSpw Infn-I-fp≈ acw ad™ptIsS-∂n-tb-b-hnsS \n∂p XpSßn ]ns∂.

AØm¿ sXmgp-s∂m-cpSemƒ ]Xn-hmb t\csØØmbv Ibm-e-hmƒ Ipfn-®p. Ifn® \ocn¬s]m¬Øm¿ s]dpw aW-a-Wn-s™mcp Im‰pta‰pt]mbvØm≥ Ipfn-∏-Xn-s\m-cn°endßn tIma≥.

tIma≥ Ipf-Øn-e-g-em¿∂e-c-º-\mbtIa≥ Ib¿Øp-hn-Sp-a-ºp-Iƒ sIm≠p-hmSnXm¿a-¶-sbm-sØm-c-hƒ Xs∂-bp-tam¿sØ-gp-tºm˛gma-¶-sbØn-b-hn-sS-°-S-hn¬ Ipfn-∏m≥

tN´-Ø-sam-s´-gp-ap-Wn-®n-cn-b-Ω-sbs‚Iq´Øn-en-∂n-hnsS h∂Np NoØ-bmbnh´-Øn-em-°p-an-h-s\-Ø-S-hn-√-sb-t∂m¿˛sØm´-em¿∂n-Xp-S-\-s∏m-gp-Xp-Æn-bΩ



tNem-bn-sX-s¥mcp Ipdp-ºn-hn-S-Øn-emtbm]mem-´p-Im¿°p Ifn-bm-ß-f-am-scm-tSmXntaem¬ hcm-sX-bnXp \n¿Ø-W-sa-∂-S-°m≥˛taemsX amsem-Sp-ap-Wn-®n-cnbpw \n\®p

Ft¥m ad-∂-Xn\p t]mhp-I-sb-∂-a-´n¬]t¥m-S-Sn™ ape-bm-f-hƒ t]mbn ]ns∂sht¥m-c-I-Ø-fn-cn-se-¥n\n th≠-sX-∂m˛amt¥m‰ IÆp-S-sbm-cp-Æn-bp-tam¿Øp \n∂p

Np‰n-√tbm sNmSn-b-cm-ß-f-am¿s°m-cbvºpsN‰n√ sIm√p-an-h-s\-∏-e-scm-Øp-IqSnsX‰n√ sX√n-h-s\m-tSm-Xp-In-en∂p \mWw]‰n-√-sb-∂-h-fp-S≥ IS-hn¬ IS∂p

Xmt\-dnSpw sImXn-sbm-sS-t∏m-gp-tam¿°p-apÆoXmt\ sXfn-™-cn-In-te-bv°p- h-cp-∂-t\cwamt\-ep-tam-a¬an-gn-bmsfbSp-Øp-S≥ Im˛◊mt\sd shº-semSp tIma-\p-a-ß-W™p

]qh-º-g-Øn-s\-Xr-sa-ø-gp-ap-Æn-tbmSpt]mbvhºp-Iq-Sn-sbmcp tIma-\-Sp-Øn-Sp-tºmƒ]qh-º\pw s]cp-Ip-ap-s¶m-S-SpØp ]pØ≥]qh-sº-SpØp ]pXp-hn-√n-ep-S≥ sXmSpØp

a‰m-cp-an-√n-hn-sS-bn-ßs\ h∂-sXm´psX‰m-Ip-sa-∂n-hn-Sn-bn-f-°-sam-Sp-Æn-bΩsX‰msX sN√p-a-e-c-ºp-I-tf‰p hmSnsN‰m-S-tem-Sp-a-hn-sS-Ø-e-XmgvØn \n∂p

tIma-¶-se-Øn-Sp-sam-cp-s≈mSp tImƒa-bn¿s°m˛≠ma¶ aÆn-temcp Im¬hn-c-em¬ hc®v]qa-¶-sbm-Ø-c-h-fm-a-e-º\mw sI˛t¶a-¶-b¿Ø-Xn¬ hnb¿Øp hnd®p \n∂p

]‰n√ ]‰-e¿ ]pe¿Ønb s]Æn-epƒØm¿]‰n-√n-h-¶-e-h-fn¬ Icƒ sN∂-Xsømam‰n-Ø-sa∂ \n\-hp-≈Xp tIma-s\m´pam‰n-sØ-fn-™n-Xp-S-\m-\ne I≠-t\cw

\ns√∂p t]Sn, ae-c-º-\-SpØp sN√p˛sNs√-∂p, \mW-aXp hø hc-s´-sb∂vsNm√p-S≥ sImXn-bpw, H∂p-ap-cp°p-hm-\m˛fs√-∂p-]n-s∂-b-h-s\m∂p ]cp-ßn-\n∂p

c≠mƒ°p-ap-≠-W-bp-hm≥ sImXn-sb∂p I≠pc≠m-fp-apƒØ-fn-cp-sIm-≠-h¿ XΩn¬ th´pI≠m-ep-sa-¶n-ep-a-W™oSp-hm≥ aSn®pc≠m-fp-aº! ae-c-º-\p-t\-c-h≥ Xm≥



IÆn≥hgn°p Icƒ tIma-\p-S≥ sImSp-Øm-˛-s∏-Æn-∂p-Xs‚ Ic-fmw-a-e¿ ImgvN-sh®vDÆn-°p-S¬°p-S-b-\≥a-I-sfm-s°-bp-≈m˛seÆn-°p-d-®n-hnsS \n∂p sXfn™p tIma-≥

sIm∂o-Sp-an-øn-h-s\-bm-ß-f-am-c-dn-™p˛h∂o-Sn-se∂p hep-Xm-sbmcp t]Sn-sIm≠pw\n∂o-Spam \ne-b-Xn≥ XI-cmdp I≠pw]n∂o-Sn-h-Æ-ap-S-\pÆn IS-∂p-c®p

t\cpw ad®p Nne-sX-s∂m-Sp-c®p X©˛tadp-∂p-Wn-®ncn Xncn®p NXn®p sImƒhm≥tNcpw sNmSn®pSs\-bm-ß-f-am¿Itf-gp˛t]cpw]nSn®p s]mSp-Im-®-W-sa-∂p-d®v

tXSn-Ø-c-Øn¬ hcp-am-ß-f-am-cp-ansØ˛ΩmSn-Ø-c-Øn-\psS Iqen InS-bv°p-sa-∂m¬HmSnØn-cn-°p-I-h¿ \nßsf ho´n-ep-t≈m˛tcmSn-Øn-cn°p I\n-hp-≈-h-c-√-bs√m

t]bm-bn-XnX ]I-bp-≈-h-tcm-S-Sp-Øp˛t]mbm-e-sXX XI-cm-c-dn-bm-h-Xs√?t]mbm-ep-an-Øn-cn-bp-anßp aSn®p \n∂p˛t]mbm-en-Øn-\n-cn-bp-am-ß-f-am-cp -sIm√pw

Ft∂mXn \mW,-a-g,epƒs°m-Xn, t]Sn, apºm˛sbmt∂m-Xn-c-°p-an-h-sbm-s°-bp-ap-≈n-em¿∂v\nt∂m-cnfw Ipbn¬ samgn° IXm¿sImSpØn˛´t∂m-Xn-\m-\-h-sfm-sSm∂p Nncn®p tIma≥

tXSn-°-b¿Øp ]S-bn¬ ]e¿ IqSn-h-∂m¬IqSn-°-cp-Øp-Sb IønXpw Iqkp-In√tamSn-°p-th-≠n-b-c-hm-fn-sX-Sp-Ø-X√t]Sn-°-th≠ ]nSam≥angn sX√p-t]mepw

Iøp≈ \mfn-e-Xn-en-sßmcp hmfn-cns°saøp≈ am‰-e-cn-em-cp-sa-Xr-Ø-Sp-Øm¬Cøp≈ hs∂mcp Ipep-°-hp-an-√-sb∂p\nøp-≈n-tem¿°pIe-c-º-s\-gp-∂-htº!

Iøp-¶-W°p aW-bmsX I\Ø amcns]øp-¶-W-°p-S-ep-hn´ Icn-ºp-hn-√≥Føp-¶-W-bv°p-a-h-t\m-Sn-h-t\‰p tXm‰p

]p√m-Wn-\n°p ]S-bm-fn-Iƒ, \n¶-S-°¨˛sX√mWp tX≥samgn XSp-Øn-Sp-hm≥ sRcp°w;sX√m-I-bm¬ sXfn-hn-b∂p XpW-bv°Ww \o˛b√m-bvIn-em-ß-f-Iƒ X≥ ]Wn s]ßƒ sNøpw



Ft∂mXn \n¬°p-samcp tIma-s\m-Smbv ]Xp-s°˛°pt∂m-S-Sn™ ape-bm-f-h-sfm-∂p-c-®p˛\t∂m \ap-°n-Xn-Xn-\mse hcpw Xc-t°˛sSt∂m \n\-bv°n-eXp Rm≥ ]d-tb-≠-Xpt≠m?

Xocm-sX-bp-s≈mcp ]nW-°-sa-gp∂ ho´p˛Imcm-b-\m-sam-c-º-c-º-s\-tbm¿Øn hÆwtNcm-htXm ]d-In-Xm-ß-f-am-c-dn-™m¬t]mcmbn \nß-sfm-cp-Iq-´-scm-Sp-ßp-thmfw

amen∂p th¿]n-cn-In-epw aXn,-sb-¶nepw N˛Ømen-∂n-tbdp ag-tem¿Øn-Xp-c-∏-XmtWtNen-∂-sX-∂n-\n-bp-aßp \n\-®p-d-s®˛∂men-∂p-sXm-´p-a-e-a¶ I\n-™n-sX-∂n¬

tNcp-∂Xmw adp-h-Sn°p Xp\n™p tIma≥tNcp∂ t\c-a-hƒ ]p©n-cn-]q-≠p, \mWwtNmcp∂ X≥Xe Xncn-®p-St\ \Spßn˛t®cp-s∂m-c√-semSp tIma-s\m-tSmXn ]ns∂

th´-∂p-X-s∂-bn-h-sf-°-\n-th-Xp-sat∂ysam´®n-bm-°p-h-Xn-\m-ß-f-am-scm-cpßntN´-Ø-ta-dn-sbm-cp-Wn-®ncn sNm∂-sX√mwtIs´-Øn-t\m-°n-SpI \man-\n-sb-¥p-th≠q

c≠m-Inepw hcp-an-\n-°p-g-eßp NØp˛sIm≠m-ep-am-ß-f-Iƒ NmIn-ep-a-√-et√?th≠m-sX -t]m-cn-\Wthmcn-h-sc-®-Xn-∏m˛\p≠mw Xcw hcnI \ocn-d-ßn-\n¬°

Ft∂m-Xnbm apSn-b-gn-®-Xp-sIm-≠p-]n-∂n¬\nt∂mcp tImas\ apdbv°p ad®S°nIpt∂m-Sn-S™ ape-bm-e-hƒ ao≥I-Sn-®n˛s´t∂m¿°p-am-dp-S-ep-e-®-S-hm-bn-\n∂p

Ftßm-Xp-In-∂nhnsS hs∂mcp \mb-sc-s∂m˛´tßm-´-Sp-sØmcp Ipdp-∏p-cn-bm-Sn-b-t∏mƒCtßm-´-SpØp hcp-sa∂psS a´p I≠n˛´tßm´p amdn-bp-S-s\∂p ]d-™n-XpÆn

sNms√ßp t]mbn-X-hs\∂p Ipdp∏p Xo¿®˛bns√s‚ ]n∂n-e-h-\-ßns\ t]mbva-d™psas√-Øn-cn®p ]d-bm-sa-h-\n-∂-I-∂n˛´nt√-sd-sb-∂p-a-Xn-\pÆn ]d-™p-]ns∂

t]mbo Ipdp-∏p-a-Xp-tI-´-h-s\-∏n-Sn-∏m˛\mbn´p a‰-h-scm-sSmØp Ing-°p-t\m°nBbo-sXm-Sm-bvI-cp-Xn-sX,-ßn-s\-bm-Wn-h-Æ˛ambo-Sn-se-∂p-S-s\-bp-Æn-bp-sam-∂-I∂p



ImWn-s®m-cn-∏Wn IW-°n\p ]‰n-bn-∂n˛°mWn-°p-an-X-ß-cp-X-am-¥-ap-S-¥≥ \S°qImWn-s°mem shdp-a-bn-ßn-s\-bn-∂n-sb∂pwImWn®p I¨ap-\-b-b®p ]d-™p-sas√

DuWpw-I-gn-™n-h-c-hn-em-ß-f-amcp t]mbn˛°mWp-tºmƒ hmXnep Xpd-s∂-gp-sas‚ a®n¬ImWpw hnf-°-hn-sS-b-t∏m-g-W-™n-Sm-™m˛emWp-≈n-\-√-en-\n-sb-∂p-ap-c-®n-XpÆn

Nmhm-X-I-≠p-a-g-e∂p s]mdp-°-h-øm˛Xmhm-X-I-≠p-sam-cp-a´p Ign-®p-Iq-´m≥Bhm-Xn-ep≠p XpW-sb∂p ]d-™p-I-Øm¿t]mhm-X-I-≠pSep-sIm≠p \S-∂p-tIm-a≥

cmhm-b-t\-c-a-S-en-¬ ]e Iøp-I≠ssIhm-sfmSpw ]cni Iøn-se-Sp-Øn-dßn]qhm≠ hn√-\-cp-fm-ep-S-\pÆn sNt∂m˛cmhm-Xn¬ ImWp-sam-cn-S-Øn-sem-fn-®n-cp∂p

AØm-g-ap-≠-cn-sbm-cm-ß-f-am-cp-t]m-b˛tXm¿Øm-S¬ hn´p IX-sIm´p Xpd-s∂m-cpÆnDƒØm-cn-se-s∏m-gp-an-cn-s∏mcp tIma-s\-Ø≥s]m¬Øm-scm-sSmØ ]pXp-sa-søm-S-W-™p-I≠p

a‰p-≈-X-∏Sn ad-∂-e-c-º-\-‰˛a‰p≈ ]q¶W s]mgn-∏-Xp-X-s∂-tbm¿Øva‰p-∂-esØmSh¿ Im´n-b-sXm-s°-sb-∂m¬]‰p-∂-X√ ]d-hm-\-dnbmw \n\°pw

tamSn∏In´p-S-sbm-cm-b-hƒ tImas\mSpIqSn-∏-cp-ß¬ Ie-cm-Xp-S-\-∂p-cm-hn¬tXSn-∏-S-bv°-W-bp-am-a-e-º-\mbv t]m˛cmSn-∏-Xp-s°-b-h-\p≈ anSp-°-S°n

t\c-ºp-e¿∂nSp-h-Xn∂p s]cp-Ø-Sp-Ø˛t\c-sº-cp-s¥-fn-hn-b∂p Xf¿s∂m-Sp°wBc-ºn¬ap-ºn-Xn-en-\n-°-X-dn-™p-IqSXmc-º-\m¿Ifn Ign™p InS-∂p-dßn

h√msX Im° Ic-bp-∂Xp tI´p-W¿∂n˛´√m ]nW™p NXn-sb∂p ]d-™p-tIm-a≥\√m-c-Wn-°-Wn-b-em-sb-gp-ap-Æn-bΩ\n√msX \√-hgn I≠p-Nn-cn-®p-d®p

D≠m°nSmw ]Wn,bpSp-Øn-Sp-hm≥ apjn™ap≠m-°n-tS-W-ap-S-en¬ Nfn tN¿Øn-tSWwI≠m¬°-W-°n-semcp ]mW-\n-sX-∂p-tXm∂ns°m≠m¬°p-g-°p-h-cn-In√ hgn-°p-sX√pw

h∂o-Sp-am-ß-f-Iƒ ImWp-In-sem-´-I∂p\n∂o-Sp-sIm∂p sXmgp-tI-bv°pI Iq´-sc-∂m¬t]m∂o-Sp-sa-∂p-ap-c-sN-bvsXmcp ]mW-\m--°n˛∏n∂oSp tIma-s\-bp-a∂p ]d-™p-b®p



h≠m-c-Wn-°p-gen s]ń-bn¬sh®p ]qń˛s°m≠m-fp-S≥ ]cni hmfn-h-b-∂p-]ns∂Xo≠m-cn-bm-bn-Sp-I-bm-semcp aps≠-Sp-∏m≥X≠m¿sXm-gpw-an-gn -bp-Wn-®n-cn-th-≠n-h∂p

tIa-Øn-bm-Ip-a-hƒ ap≠p sImSp-Øp-]ns∂tImas‚ hmƒ]-cn-i-sb-∂nh Is≠-SpØpCua´p ]‰n-Sp-I-bn-√n-hn-S-Øn-se-t∂m¿˛Øma-¶-bm-f-Xp-X-\m-ß-f-am¿°p-\¬In.

tIm´-bv°-ep-≈-h-\p-anßp \ap-°p-a-∏m˛em´-bv°p-ap-≈-h-bn-sem-∂nXp Xo¿®-Xs∂tN´-bv°n-sX-ßns\ InS-®nXp tImat\m C˛tßm´-bv°p-tI-dn-h-cn-sI∂p hcp-∂√

tIm´-bv°¬ hmgp-samcp Ip™-\Xmw ac-bv°m˛tcsdbv°p Np‰p-an-\n-sb-¥n\p \man-cn∏qtIt´-bv°pta Nne-cn-sX-∂p-ap-c-®p-S≥ ta˛evt]mt´bv°p t\m°n-b-h¿ ssIh-cn¬ aq°n¬sh®p

hnt´-bv°-h-øn-hsf shń-\p-dp-°n-t\m-°n˛ßnt´bv°Ww I\n-hp-Im-´-cp-sX-s∂m-cp-Ø≥;sam´bv°p \ΩpsS sNmSn-∏-dn-bn-°p-hm-\˛tßmt´-bvcvcp-t]m-W-an-\n-sb-∂n-Xn¬ as‰m-cp-Ø≥

amtdm-Sn-S™ ape-bm-fpsS a´p-]m¿Øpƒ˛®qtSm-Sn-h-Æ-a-h-tcm-Xn-bn-cp-∂n-Sp-tºmƒhotSm-S-SpØp acphpw NXn-sb≥ shfn-®˛∏mtSm-Sn-sb-Øn-bnXp tI´p InS-∂p-c®p

h√m-Ø-Xm-sbmcp \S-∏n-Xp-sIm-s≠m-c-‰˛an√m-Ø-am¬h-cp-an-hƒ°p-h-cpw-]n-d-∏n¬sIm√msX hnń-Sp-Intem ]e t\m¬ºn-\m-e˛Xn√m-sX-bm-°p-h-Xn-\nßp \ap°p t\m°mw

sNm√m¿s∂m-c-º-e-a-Xn-∂-cn-I-sØm-cmfpwsN√mØ ań-semcp hoń-en-cp-ØnSmw Rm≥F√m-bvs∏mgpw ae-a-Iƒ°p-S-tbmcp Imeo˛\√m¿ \n\®p ]e t\m¬ºp-Iƒ t\m‰n-Ss´

DusSm´p Inń-b-Xn-\m¬ NXn-b≥ shfn-®˛∏msSm´p X©-sam-Sp-an-ßns\ sNm√n-b-t∏mƒtIsSm-´pta Icp-Xo-Sm-XXp \√-sX-∂m-bv˛tºmtSm¿Øp-sIm-≠-X-h-c-ßns\ Xo¿®-bm°n

Dƒ∏n-®n-b-∂-h-cp-ap-Ænsb t\sc-bm-°m˛t\¬∏n®p I≈-s\, bh≥ Icfpw Ipfp¿Øv]m¿∏n®p sNm∂-]-Sn, ]ns∂ \S-∂-sX√mwtIƒ∏n-®p, tIg-angn tI´p angn-®p-t]mbn



At∏mƒ ]nW-™p-N-Xn-bm¬ s\Sp-ho¿∏n-b-s∂m˛´t∏m¿ap-e-°p-S-ap-e™p he-s™m-cpÆnCt∏m-g-b-®o-SpI tIma-s\m-cm-sf-sb-∂m˛bpƒt∏mcp IqSp-a-h-t\m-S-g-tem-Sp-c®p

Ht∂m-Sn-\m-\-h-\p,-sa-s¥mcp ]n®p tIma≥\nt∂mSp tNcp-h-Xn-\m-cp-a-b-bv°-bn√Ft∂m-Sp-IqsS acp-ho-S-I-Xs∂ \√˛sXt∂m-Xp-am-b-h-s\m-Sp-Æn-bp-d-®p-c®p

NØm-ep-sa≥I-W-h-\m-Inb tIma-\-√m˛XpƒØmcp as‰m-cp-h-t\-Ip-I-bn-s√tSm Rm≥FØm≥ aSn-°p-I-bp-an-√-h-\mfp sN∂m¬t]mbvØm-\n-Xm-ß-f-I-tfm-S-dn-bn-®o-tSWw

Ft∂m-Xp-am-b-h-fn-epƒs°mXn ]‰p-In-√˛sbt∂m¿Ø-I-Øn-\psS hmXn-e-S-®p-]q´n\nt∂m-Sn-W°n apX¬ th≠Xp Rm≥ ac-bv°m¿˛Xt∂mSp hmßn-Sp-h-s\∂p ]d-™p-t]mbn

h‰o-Sp-sa-s∂-bn-h-\n∂p NXn-®p, amepam‰o-Sp-hm-\n-hn-sS-bn-s∏m-sgm-cp-Ø-\n√]‰o-Sptam ]Wn-bn-sX-∂-hƒ tIma-\n¬ t]m˛bv]‰o-Sp-ap-s≈mcp \n\®p Ipd-®p-\n∂pamem¿∂p tahp-a-I-Øn-\p-t≈m˛cmhm-Xn-ep-∂p-Sb ]qs´m-cp-h≥ Xpd∂pssIhm-sf-Sp-Ø-cn-In¬ sh®-hƒ th≠n-h-∂m¬Nmhm-\p-d®p Icƒ tIma-\n-em°n hmWp

\ns√∂p IqsS hcp-thmsc hf-∏n¬ \n¿Ønsas√∂p hmXnep Xpd-∂p-St\ ac-bv°m¿Ins√-∂nsb IW-bp-am-b-W-bp-s∂m-c-∏q˛hns√-∂p-\-√-Sn-a-bmbv apdn-bn¬ IS∂p

amemae¿°-W-I-fm-ep-f-hm-b-Xm-‰m≥taemsX am∏n-f-bp-ap-Æn-sbm-sSm-´-SpØp]mem´p tIma-\psS s]Æn-h-sf∂p ]pØ≥˛]mem-bn-S-™-sam-gn-bm-fp-ap-c-s®-Wo‰p

]mcn¬s]-cpØp ]pI-gm¿s∂mcp tIma-s\s‚t]cn¬s]-Sp∂ I\n-th-Xp-a-dn-™n-SmsXBcn-s∏m-gn-ß-W-h-Xn-ßns\ tIma-t\mSptIdn-∏n-Sn-°p-In-e-h≥Xe sImbvsX-Sp°pw

\n¬°m-bvI-t]mI ]pd-tIm-´n\n am∏ntf \oshbv°mbvI Imsem-c-Sn-t]m-ep-a-Sp-Øn-tS≠C°m-Wp-sa-∂p-Sb hmfn\p Xo\p \¬Im≥t\m°m-bva-sb-∂p-a-hƒ hmfp-ap-e-®p-c®p



sh´pw ]d-™-]-Sn-bn-∂n-h-sf-∂p-tXm∂pwa´p-s≈m-cm-sam-gn-Iƒ tI´p-St\ ac-bv°m¿C∂p≈ t]cn-h-s\m-tS¬°nsem´paßpsa∂p≠p t]Sn-bn-h-\-√-Wn-Iq-¥-emsf!

F∂m-ep-sa-∂n-semcp t]Sn-s]-Sm-sX-bnßph∂m≥s]-cp-Øp-h-j-f-Ø-hp-tam¿Øn-h≥Xm≥sIm∂m-sem-gn-™n-\n-b≥]I t]mI-bn√X∂m-ep-sa-∂p-Sb hmfn-Xn-\n-°p-Xs∂

Ft∂mXn hmfp-Ss\ hmßn-bm¬ ac-bv°m¿˛Xt∂m-Sn-d-ßn-Sp-sIm-cp-ßn-Sp-sI∂p sNm√nXt∂m-Sp-IqsS hcp-thmsc hne-°n, t\¿Øp˛hc-t∂mcp am∏n-f-Iƒ aq∏-s\m-Sm-s™-XrØp

]mcn¬∏p-Iƒs∏m-ena s]mßnb am∏n-fbv°pt]mcn¬s]-Sp-s∂mcp anSp°p apdbv°p Imäm≥t\cn-ń-Sp∂ sImXn-bm-semcp sX√p-t\cwt\cn-´p-\n∂p Ifn-bm-b-a¿sNbvXp tIma≥

Cs∏-Æn-tesd hj-f-Ø-a-W-®p-sh-t∂m¿˛Øos∏´ am∏n-f-bn-te-dn-sbm-co-d-tbmsSC∏m-Sn-hs‚ Xd-hm-Sp-St\ Ipfw-tIm˛cn∏m-s\m-cp-ß-sfm-Sn-d-ßn-b-XmWp RßƒCßm-b-hmdp hep-Xm-bn-Sp-sam® tIń˛sXßmcp sNbvX XI-cm-d-X-dn-™p-sImƒhm≥aßm-sX-bo-hgn Xncn™p Xncn™p ht∂≥NßmXn sNbvX-Xp-W-sIm≠p sXfn™p Rßƒ

Xo¿®-°n-sXm∂p ]dbmw ]pXp-Xm-bn-Sp-∂o˛thgv®-bv°p-ta-en-e-b-thXpaW™nSmbvhm≥Nm¿®bv°p Rß-fpsS s]ßsf thƒ°p-sI-∂mbvtN¿®-sb-°p-sam-Ø-]Sn aqØ Ipdp∏p sNm∂m≥

Ct∏¿ ]pIgv∂ Xd-hm-Sn-I-f-∂p-sXm´psI¬t∏-doSpw ]Sn-bn-W-ßn-b-a-ń-embnDƒ∏n®p Xo¿Øn-sXm-cp-am-Xncn \√-`m-j˛bvs°m∏n®p thfn-bn-cp-Iq-dp-an-W-ßn-\m-ń¬

sNm√m¿∂ \√ ae-bm-f-a-Xn-¶-se-s¥˛∂n√m-X-Iq-sdm-S-hn-SsØ hnSm-Ø-a-ń¬\√m-cWns™mcp \n\-°-dn-hm-tXm-Xn˛b√msX amdnXn\p \∑-Np-cp-ßp-at√m

Imfp-∂n-XpƒsØ-fnhp tXs∑mgn-bn-X-\m-tf˛bv°mfp-\n-\-°p-angn sX√p-a-S-®n-SmsXaqfp∂n-Xn-∂n-\n-bp-an-ßn-s\-bm-In-se-√m˛\mfpw \n\°p sXfn-hm≥ hgn-t\m-°nSmw Rm≥

s\t∑-\n-hm-I-a-e¿ta\n shSn-™phmgvØpwXt∑\n t\¿]-Ip-Xn-X-s∂-gp-aq-c-IØp˛≈tΩ! \n\-°p-Sb ImenW ssIsXmgpt∂≥



Ipdn-¸p-IÄBJym-\-cq-]-¯n-emWv Ihn Imhyw cNn-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. IY hnt\m-Z-

cq-]-¯nÂ ]d-bp-I-bmWv e£yw. DuWpw Ignªv Dd-§p-¶-Xn-\p-ap³]v`À¯mhv `mcysb ckn-¸n-¡m³ ]Xn-hmbn IY-]-d-bp-¶-Xmbn IÂ]n-¡p-¶p. CSbv¡v Dd-§n-t¸m-Im-¯-a-«nÂ ck-I-c-ambn ]pXn-sbmcp IY ]d-bm-sa¶v Ihn ]nbbv¡v hm¡p-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶p. IY-\ssien ap¯-Èn-¡-Y-bp-tS-Xp-Xs¶. ]Zy-¯n-em-sW-¦ne

1 . Cc-hnÂ þ cmXn-bnÂ an¶Â \mWn-¨n-Sp¶ aS-hmÀ þ an¶-en-s\-¡mÄkpµ-cn-bmb kvXo. a¨nÂ þ apdn-bnÂ.

2. C\n¡v þ F\n-¡v. (Cu cq]w km[m-c -W-amWv Ip qcnsâ IrXn -I-fnÂ)3. Iä-¡-cnw-Ip-gen þ Iä-t]mse Idp¯ apSn-bp-Å-hÄ4. sRcp¡w þ ]bm-kw. I«n-¯-ta-dp-ap-SÂ t]mc þ Dd-¸pÅ icocw amXw

aXn-bm-In-Ã. Gh\pw þ GsXm-cp-h\pw5. a¶n-¦Â þ temI-¯v. Xncn-bm-¯-a«v þ CÃm-¯-a-«v.

H¶q-d-Xm-a-cnb hosSmsSXr¯-]m-emþs«¶pÅ \Ã Xd-hm-S-hn-S-¯n-etÃmH¶qdmw F¶p-t]-cpÅ ]kn-²-ho-«p-Im-tcmSv FXn-cn« ]mem«v F¶ ]kn-

²-amb Xd-hmSv Ahn-sS-(I-S-¯-\m-«v) bm-Wv.6. H¶qdmw ho«p-ImÀ Ipdp-¸-·mcpw ]mem-«p-ho-«p-ImÀ \mb-·m-cp-am-bn-cp-¶p.

apt¼-Xn\pw Icp-Xn-\n-¡-Xn-\n-h-®þat¼m Xnc-¡p-a-hÀ X½nÂ apgp¯n-cp¶p.

GXn\pw apt¼ AXv F\n¡v AXv F\n¡v F¶o-]-Imcw IcpXn AhÀX½nÂ aÕcw apgp ¯n-cp-¶p. Xnc¡v þ aÕ-cw.

7. ioa-¸-bäv þ ]mÝmXy-bp-²-apd8. InS þ Xpeyw9. Imf-bv¡p-Im-Wp-sam-cp -tXm-fp.... ]pcp -jkuµcyw hyà-amb D]-am-\-

§ÄsIm v hyà-am-¡p¶p. FÃm \mb-I-·mcpw Htc A¨nÂ hmÀ¯-t]msetXm¶m³ Cu kt¦Xw Imc-W-am-bn. Icn-¼-\bv¡p Imfpw Ipdp¼p If-bp-¶p-SÂ þ Icn-¼-\-bpsS hÀ[n¨ Al-¦mcw CÃm-Xm-¡p¶ icocw. (A-Xbv¡p _en-jvTw)

10. h m - d -Wn¡pgen þ h n - s\ - t¸mse Idp¯ XeapS nbpÅhÄ. Xn mS nt\À¡pw þ FXnÀ¯v t\sc hcp-¶.

11 . At§mÀs¡-Xr¯ þ At±-ls¯ FXnÀ¯. Din-cn-bÀ¶þ sNmSn-bpÅ12. ]m«nÂI-gn-¸-Xn\v þ btYjvSw \S-¯p-¶-Xn\v13. Icp-Xn-¸n-Sn¡pw þ Btem-Nn¨v ]hÀ¯n¡pw14. Xmen-sI«v þ ]gb BNm-cw. s]¬Ip«n ]mb-am-Ipwap¼v apd-s¨-dp-¡-s\-

s¡mtm atäm Ah-fpsS Igp-¯nÂ Xmen-sI-«n -¡p¶ NS-§v. CXv hnhm-l-_-Ô-a-Ã. ]t£ Xd-hm-Snsâ ]uUn-Im-Wn-¡p¶ hn[-¯nÂ BtLm-jhpw kZybpw thWw.

15. Xn®\v þ A¶v XoÀ¨-bm-bpw. \mSp-hm-gn-¡®w Ipd-¡p-sam-cp-I-«nÂ þ\mSphmgn -bmbn F®n-s¡m v (I-cp -Xn -s¡m- v ) \ÂInb I«nÂ (hnian -¡m³ I«nÂ)

16. ]pXp-ssI-s¯m-gnÂ þ ]p¯³ Ic-Iu-i-e-hkvXptXm¶o-Sm-hp-¼-Sn¡v þ tXm¶n-t¸m-Ipw-hn[w

19. amä-eÀa¦ þ iXp-Ip-Spw-_-¯nse s]®v. ssIhogvN þ ssI¸ng (i-Xp-ho-«p-Im-cn-sb-¶-dn-bmsX CjvS-s¸-«-Xns\ Dt±-in-¨v)

20. tXm¶n-t]m-em-b-X-hÄ þ tXm¶n-t]mepw BbXv AhÄ. sNmSn-¨pW þ]Xyp-Xv]-¶-a-XnXzw

22. BtI - - X mb n þ htc - X p h¶p23 Icn-¼p-hn-Ã³ þ Ima-tZ-h³. Imbp-s¶m-cpÅv þ thIp¶ a\Êv25 iXp-hmb Ima³, Chsâ Xe-bnÂ P\n-¨-t¸mÄ Fgp-Xn-h-¨Xv X«n-am-

äm³ BÀ¡p Ign -bpw. htc- Xv hcn -I-Xs¶ sN¿pw. AÃÂ (Zp:Jw)aXn-bm-¡mw. ]pd-s¸-SpI Xs¶ F¶p XpSÀ¶p-]-d-ªp.



26. Ag-ep-hn-¯-e-c-¼-s\-§p-]m-hp-¶Xpw þ Ima-tZ-h³ hnX-bv¡p¶ Zp:Jam-Ip¶ hn¯v.

27. Imdp-aÃpw sXmgpw Ipgen þ ImÀta-Lhpw cmXnbpw hW-§p¶ Xe-ap-Sn-bp-Å-hÄ.

28. tImfÃ þ icn-bÃ31. A¯mÀ sXmgpw þ B ]qhv hW-§p¶. s]mÂ¯mÀ þ s]m³]qhv33. tN«¯w þ NXn-]-tbmKw. XS-hnÃ-Ãþ kwiban-Ã.36. sNmSn-b-cm-§-f-amÀs¡m-cbv¼p sNänÃ þkaÀ°-·m-cmb ktlm-Z-c-

·mÀ¡v Zb AÂ]-hp-an-Ã.38. s]cp-Ipaps¦mSv þ hen-b-lp-t¦msS39. CS-bn-f¡w þ Zp:Jw40. sIt¦-a-¦-bÀ¯-XnÂ þsIt¦-a³ IbÀ¯-Xp-aqew41. Ah-fpsS B \nÂ]p-I- -t¸mÄ ]änÃ þ iXp-¡Ä kwc-£n¨ s]®nsâ

a\Êv Ah-\nÂ sNÃp-I-bn-Ã. Ah-fnÂ IcÄsN-¶p-t]m-bXv A_-²-am-bn.Cu Nn´ tIma³ H«p-amän sXfn-ªp-\n-¶p.

42. tImasâ ]W-b-kw-àw ck-I-c-ambn hÀWn-¡p¶p Cu tÇmI-¯nÂ.AÀ°w: t]Sn -sIm v \nÂ¡m³ a\-Êp-]-d -bp -¶p. Ima-tZ-h-\m-Is«sNÃp-sNÃp F¶p-]-d -bp -¶p. \mWw aqew AXp-th Ipsd Ign -bs«F¶p tXm¶p-¶p. ]dbq F¶v DS³ sImXn D]-tZ-in-¡p-¶p. H¶pwkwkm-cn-¡p-hm³ Bf-ÃmsX Ah³ H¶p ]cp§n \n¶p.

46. NeXv þ IÅw. s]mSn Im¨pI þ \in¸n-¡pI F¶ AÀ°-¯nÂ DÅKmaoW-ssien.

47. ho«n-ep-tÅm-tcm-Sn-¯n-cn-¡pþ ho«n-ep-Å-h-tcmSv AÂ]w t]mepw51. amd-d-eÀ þ iXp52. F¿p-¦-Wbv¡p þ F¿p¶ A¼n-\v. \n¿q-¦-Wbv¡p þ Cu lp¦-W-bv¡p-¶.

I¿pw IW¡p anÃmsX t]am-cn-s]-¿p-t¼mse Ai-co-cn-bmb Ima-tZ-h³F¿p¶ A¼n\v ]Xn-hn[n BÀ¡pw Adn-bn-Ã. Cu lp¦-W-bv¡p¶ Ima-t\m-tSäv Ch³ tXmäp.

53. hÅ-t¯m-fnsâ _Ô-\-Ø-\mb A\n-cp-²-\nÂ CtX Bibw \mb-I³\mbn-I-tbmSv ]dbp-¶p- v . tIma-¸³ hmbn¨ kwkvImcw hÅ-t¯m-fnÂInS-¶-Xm-Imw.

58. sam«-¨n-bm-¡pI þ hn[-h-bm-¡pI62. Ah-\n-¶-I-¶n-«n-tÃsd þ Ah³ C¶v Gsd AI-¶n-«nÃ69. Aä-a-äpÅ ]q¦W þ Ah-km-\-an-Ãm¯ ]qh¼v72. \Ãm-c-W-¡-Wn-bÂ þ kpµ-cn-am-cpsS Iq«-¯n-\-e-¦mcw78 ac-bv¡m-tc-sd-bv¡pNpäpw þ ac-bv¡mÀ Gsd ASp¸w79 t\¡n-t«-bv¡Ww þ \ap¡v CSWw. sam«bv¡p Xe -sam-«-b-Sn¨ CÉmw-aX-

¡m-c-s\.83 DuSvþku-Icyw. X©w-þ-X´w. \Ã sX¶mbv t¼mtSmÀ¯pþ \ÃsX¶v

A³t]msSHmÀ¯p88. \nt¶m-SnW¡n þ \obp-ambn _Ôn-¸n¨v97. Du¸n-Snþ òj-Wn. C¶pÅ t]cn-h-t\m-tSÂ¡pIn-sem«p a§pw þ \nÊm-

c\mb Cht\mSv bp²w sNbvXmÂ Xsâ IoÀ¯n a§pw.101.IavWn-W-tbm-Sp -Iq -sSbs¡mÂt\À\n-d -sa-gp -s¶m-cp -hmÄ Nph¶p þ I®n-

W-bvs¡m¸w sImÂ\n -dapÅhmÄ Nph¶p102.tImasâ I®\v AXn-bmb ASp¸w (Xm-Xv]-cyw) Df-hm-¡p¶ D®n-b-½-bpsS

A[-c-¯n-\p-Xpey-am-bmÂ (D-®n-b-½-bpsS A[cw t]mse Nph¶v BIÀj-I-am-bmÂ) Chsâ DÅv C\n F¶nÂh¶p Ifn¡pw F¶p-I-cpXn hmÄ tNmc-bnÂ Ipfn-¡m³ DS³ XpS-§n. D®n-b-½sb kvt\ln-¡pw-t]mse hmfn-s\bpwkvt\ln-¡-Ww.

114.Cud þ iXpX þ ÇmSv þ Ct¸mÄ.



ae-b-hn-emkw

G.-B¿. cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω-bpsS BZysØ kzX¥ aebm-f-Im-hy-amWv ae-b-hn-emkw (1895). Ccp-]-Ø©p ]Zy-ß-fp≈ Cu IrXn-bn¬, t]cp kqNn-∏n-°pw-t]mse aeb (k-ly) ]¿h-X-Øns‚ `wKn-Ifpw ta∑-I-fp-amWv h¿Æn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. aZn-cm-in-bn¬ \n∂v Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-tØ°p aS-ßpw-hgn Xncp-\¬thenapX¬ X]m¬ h≠n-bn¬ k©-cn® Ihn k‘ym-k-a-bØv Ing-°p-`m-KØp\n∂p kly-]¿h-X-\nc ho£n-®-t∏mƒ a\- n-ep-b¿∂ hnIm-c-hn-Nm-c-ßƒ°vAt∏mƒ Xs∂ cq]w \¬In-b-tX Cu eLp-Im-hyw. "X]m¬h-≠n-bn¬ bmX-sN-øp-∂-Xn-\n-Sbv°v c≠p-Zn-hkw (1070 ao\w 30, taSw 1) sIm≠mWv cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω CsXgpXn-b-Xv' F∂v Poh-N-cn-X-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu c≠pZnh-k-Øn-\p-≈n¬ Ft∏mtgm cNn-®p-sh-∂p-am-Xta hnNm-cn-°m≥ ]‰q. GXm-bmepw cN-\m-]-tNm-Z\w shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ hne-s∏´ Hcp `mKw Ub-dn-bn¬\n-s∂-SpØp Poh-N-cn-X-Øn¬ tN¿Øn-´p-≠v. ""Bcp-hm-sam-gn -∏m-X-bn¬ \n∂pt\m°p -tºmƒ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ kly-]¿h-X -\n -c -bpsS ]In´pw tim`bpwIÆn¬s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m≥ \nhr-Øn-bn-√m-Ø-hn[w AX NnØm-I¿j-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. a≤ym-”-Øn¬t]mepw taL-]-cn -—-∂-ß-fm-bn -cp∂ D∂-X-irw -K-ßsft\m°n-s°m-≠p≈ bmX, Fs‚ Ihn-Xm-IuXpIsØ H∂n-f-°n-hn-´p. a\- n¬DZn -®p -b¿∂ Bi-b-ßsf At∏mƒØs∂ ]Zy-cq -]-Øn¬ Ipdn -®n -Sp -IbpwsNbvXp''. kztX ]IrXn kvt\lnbpw k©m-c-]n-b-\p-amb B sdmam‚n-°ns‚a\- ns\ DZm-Ø-Kw-`o-c-amb B at\m-l-c-Zriyw FX-tbsd AZv`p-Xm-Àm-Z-`-cn -X-am -°n-bn -cn°pw F∂Xv \ap°v Duln-°m≥ Ign -bpw. ae-bm-N-e-sa∂"kZzkvXp' "]nSn-IqSn' "Cuh-Æ-sa√mw sNm√n-®-Xm-sW∂v Ihn-X-bnepw (].25) ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. CXn¬\n-s∂√mw Hcp hkvXpX hy‡-am-Ip-∂p. "ae-b-hn -emkw' Hcp ZpX-I-h-\-am -Wv.sdmam‚ nIv ˛ \ntbm¢mknIv AwißƒCSIe¿∂p ]Xy£amIp∂ A¥cmfL´Øns‚( ] n sdmam‚ nI vImeL´Øns‚) IhnXbmWv aebhnemkw

]kn-≤o-I-c-Whpw ]mThpw

cN\ \S∂ AtX amk-Ønse "hnZym-hn-t\m-Zn\n' amkn-I-bn-eqsS (1070 taSw,]pkvX. 6, \º¿ 7) "ae-b-hn-emkw' ]pd-Øp-h-∂p. B¿. cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω tImbn-Ø-ºp-cm≥ Fw.-F. F∂-t]-cn¬. Nne hm°p-Iƒ°v AXn¬ ASn-°p-dn-s∏-gp-Xn-t®¿ØXv Ihn Xs∂-bm-I-Ww.

tIc-f-h¿Ω hen-b-tIm-bn-Ø-ºp-cm≥ 1912˛¬ ]km-[\w sNbvX ]Zy-]m-Tm-hen Ggmw `mK-ØmWv "ae-b-hn-emkw' c≠m-aXp h∂-Xv. 1930˛kv Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-csØ _n.-hn. _p°p-Un-t∏m-°m¿ Bbmw-IpSn ]n.-B¿. i¶-c-∏n-≈-bpsSSn∏-W-tØm-Sp-IqSn ]pkvX-I-am-°n. "Z£n-W-`m-jm-K-Ÿ-a-WvU-e-Øn-\p-th≠n1957˛¬ tUmIvS¿. Fkv.-sI. \mb¿ kºm-Z\w sNbvX "Ime-Øn-s‚- IhnXI-fnepw "ae-b-hn-emk-k-ap-≠v.

hnZym-hn-t\m-Zn-\n-bn¬ 25 ]Zy-ap-s≠-¶nepw ]Zy-]m-Tm-h-en-bn¬ 22 FÆtaD≈-q. 14, 15, 25 Ch aq∂p-amWv hn´p-I-f-™-Xv. 25˛mw ]Zyw Imhy-c-N-\m-tl-Xp-°-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ ]kvXmhw amX-am-Wv. Imhy-`m-K-a√ F∂-Xmhmw ImcWw.

Cu eLpImhysØ A©p `mKambnØncn°mw.

1 . Ccp≠p\o≠ hkvXphns‚ ]pXpabm¿∂ h¿Æ\ (1˛3)

aeb]¿∆XsØ Ccp≠p\o≠ almcq]ambhXcn∏n°p∂ Ihn XpS¿∂vaq∂v D]am\ßfneqsS aebs\ h¿Wn°p∂p.

2. amcpXt\mSp≈ IhnbpsS k¶ev]`mjWw (4˛8)

amcpX≥ F∂ `mh\mkrjvSnsb IYm]mXam°ns°m≠v Ihn Hcp°p∂\mSIobkw`hßfpsS ssNX\ymflIX a nI®BkzmZ\hn`hamIp∂p.Cu ]Zyßfnse \qX\Xzw a\ nem°nbmhWwA¿∞w Klnt°≠Xv.



3. aaXzØns‚ kzm[o\X (9˛10)

\mSIobamb ]Xn]mZyhyXnbm\w . . . .k ztZim` n\ nthisa∂Xo hhnImcØns‚ ISpØ kzm[o\Xbn¬ X\n° vtNX\mtNX\hnthN\ tijnt]mepw \j vSs∏´t√m F∂phnk vabn°p∂p .CuaaXzt_m[w X\n°p am Xa√aeb\pap≠mbncn°p∂psh∂v ]dbp∂p.kmb¥\kqcys\ Xs‚Acpak¥m\amb DZbkqcys\∂p \ na njt\ctØ°p aeb≥sX‰n≤cn®p.

4. klyt\∏‰n klyt\mSpXs∂ \SØp∂ Ihn`mjWw (11˛23)

klys‚ hnhn[ kz`mhßƒ klyt\mSp≈ NSpeXbm¿∂ hnhn[`mjWØneqsS BhnjvIcn°p∂p.

5. ]cipcmat\mSpw klyt\mSpap≈ \ΩpsS IS∏mSv (24)

tIcfob¿°v IrjvWt\°mƒ Bcm[y\mWv ]cipcmas\∂v bp‡n]q¿∆wÿm]n°p∂p.

Hcp hnem]wkmlnXyt£XØn¬ ]XnjvTn°s∏´ hn. kn. _meIrjvW∏Wn°¿

AhdpIfpsS h n KlØns‚ CShpw hehpw \ nd™pIØp∂ c≠psISmhnf°pIsf∂v ]kn≤ßfmWv Hcp hnem]hpw hnizcq]hpw. hn.kn,IrXnIfn¬ G‰hpw IqSpX¬ ]cma¿i\ßƒ°v hnt[bambn´p≈XpwChXs∂. Cu c≠pIrXnIƒ GXpImeØmWv cNn°s∏´sX∂ImcysØ°pdn® v Chsb°pd ns®gpXnb ]e¿°pw IrXyab hnhcwe`n®ncp∂n√. Fw. B¿. \mb¿ C°mcyw Xpd∂p ]dbp∂p≠v. Bims‚hoW]qhv A∂v an°hmdpw hnS¿∂p Ign™ncnbv°bn√ F∂Hcp [mcW]n¬°meØv ]ecnepw thcpdbv°m\pw cN\mImesØ°pdn®p≈ A⁄Xhgnsh®p.

Bims‚ ‘hoW]qhv’ ]kn≤nIcn®Xv 1907 \hw_¿ ˛ Unkw_¿ImeØmWv AXpIgn™v BdpamkØn\ptijw AXmbXv 1908 PqssebvamkØnte ‘hnem]w’ ]kn≤nIrXamIp∂p≈p. Ih\IuapZnbn¬ ]ns∂bpwaq∂ph¿jw Ign™v 1911 Unkw_dnemWv hnizcq]Øns‚ ]ko≤nIcWw.At∂bv°p h≈tØmfns‚ _[nchnem]hpw Ipamc\mims‚ \fn\nbpw]pdØph∂p Ign™ncn∂p. Cu hkvXpX a\ n¬sh®psIm≠√msXhnem]tØbpw hnizcq]sØbpw kao]nbv°p∂Xv icnbmbncnbn°bn√.

“ hnizkmlnXyØnse GXp JWvUImhytØmSpw InS\nev°Ø°almflyw hnem]Øn∂ps≠∂pw AXp cNnbv°ptºmƒ ]Wn°¿°v hmKvtZhXGtXm Hcp ]tXyI hn[Øn¬ ap‡lkvXbmbn A\pKlh¿jw ”sNbvXncnbv°asa∂pw BWv D≈q¿ Cu IrXnsb ]iwkn®ncn°p∂Xv.tXmakvtKbpsS ‘FenPn dn´≥ C≥ F I¨Sn N¿®v bmUv ’ F∂ IhnXtbmSvHc p h nem]sØ XmcXays∏SpØns°m≠pw AXn\p≈ IS∏mS vNq≠n°mWn®ps°m≠pw F.B¿.\mb¿, Fw.eoemhXn F∂nh¿ kqZo¿LambN¿®Iƒ \SØnbn´ p≠ v . ]m›mXyImhyßfmWv . h n .knb v°pamXrIbmbncp∂sX∂v Cu N¿®IfneqsS kwibmXoXambn sXfn™hkvXpXbmWv.

\S∏pZo\w ]nSns∏´v acn®pt]mb Xs‚ ]Xv\nbpsS PUhpw Xmßnh¿j°mesØ \´∏mXncbv°v aßn°Øp∂ hnf°n∂cnIn¬ \mbI≥GI\mbncp∂v hne]nbv°p∂XmWv CXnse ]Xn]mZyw. Xm≥Xs∂bmWv\mbIs\∂v hy‡am°p∂ns√¶nepw IhnXbpsSXs∂ A\p`hamIbm¬]m›Xy h nem] Imhyam Xbn¬ FgpXs∏´ Cu IrXn X nI®pwBfl\njvThpamWv.



‘Rm≥’ F∂v t\sc ]tbmKnbv°msX Hcp ]pcpj≥ F∂p ]d™vXs∂ X∂n¬ \n∂v th¿s∏SpØn°mWn®Xn\v ImcWw IpńIrjvWamcm¿kwibnbv°p∂Xpt]mse IhnbpsS B _‘w kapZmbØns‚ kΩXnt\S nb nc p∂n√ F∂XmtWm? BIWsa∂n√ . kapZmbtØtbmD∂Xhy‡nItftbm Aßs\ AXncpIS∂v am\n®ncp∂ Hcmfmbncp∂n√_meIrjvW∏Wn°¿ Imdp]nS n®`cW sØ°pdn® v ]kwKn°m\pwaq∂mWtß°p ]t≠ ZbnXIƒ F∂mcw`n°p∂ \nµmkvXpXn]camb t«mIwtIcfh¿Ω henbtImbnØºqcm\v FgpXn Abv°m\pw At±lw Xt‚SwImWn®n´p-≠v. X\nbv°p ]Yyambncp∂ Hcp Imhykt¶Xw Ihn Dt]£n®n√.Ft∂ CXns\ IW°mt°≠p. Xm≥ I≠pw tI´pw hmbn®pw ioen®pt]m∂kz¥w \mńse ]gb ImhycoXnbn¬ Cßs\sbmcp am‰w hcpØm≥ Cw•ojvsdmam‚ n°v IhnXIƒ hmbn®p]cnNbn®n´pw At±lw Xp\n™n√ F∂phnNmcnb v°p∂XmIpw DNnXw. ]m›mXycpsS sdmam‚ n°v ]ÿm\w_meIrj vW∏Wn°sc BI¿jn®n´ p≠mhmw . F∂m¬ AXns‚khntijXIƒ apgpt° At±lØn\v kzoImcyambncp∂n√.X\nbv°psIm≈mhp∂sX∂p tXm∂nb NnesXms° At±lw Dƒs°m≠p. a‰p≈hbn¬DZmko\\mbn.

sImSpw òXnbpW¿Øp∂ ]IrXnbptSbpw AXn¬ GImInbmbnCc nb v°p∂ lX`mKy\b \mbIs‚bpw N n Xw AhXcn∏ n® vImhy]›mØesamc p°pIbmWv BZysØ aq∂pt«mIßfn¬sNb vX nc n°p∂X v . H∂masØ t«mIw hmbn°p∂tXmsSØs∂Imet_m[apfhmIp∂tXmsS cwKØns‚ A\ymZyiamb `b¶cX \ΩpsSap∂n¬ A\mhrXamIp∂p. c≠pw aq∂pw t«mIßƒ IqSnbmIptºmƒ NnXw]q¿Æambn :

Xnßns∏mßp∂ Xa v, ISen¬ IqSwt]mse apßnt∏mb NIhmfw,h¿jImecmXnbnse hniz]IrXnbpsS òXnZamb A\¥KmwòcyØn\papºn¬ \n lmb\mbn A¥w hn´ nc n°p∂ a\pjy≥ ; GImInbpwZp:JnX\pamb Abmƒ temI ]IrXnsbt∏mse au\w]q≠v,tNX\b‰ZbnXbpsS s]mSn ]qc≠ ]qta\nbpw Xmßn B]¬k∂n]mXØn¬kvX_v≤\mbn, ap\n™pIØp∂ hnf°n∂cnIn¬ AXns‚ Xncn\o´m\pwIqSnbmhmsX IdpØajnbn¬ Xo¿Ø NnXw t]msebncn°p∂ B Ccn∏vaebmf IhnXbv°v Hcp ]pXnb A\p`hambncp∂p. hnem]Imhyßfpw]IrXnh¿Æ\Ifpw CXn\v apºv ChnsS D≠mbn´ps≠¶nepw Ahbnsem∂pwImWmØ Hcp `mhXohX Cu t«mIßfn¬ ]tXyIn®pw BZysØt«mIØn¬ \nd™p\n¬°p∂p.

]›mØeh¿Æ\bv°p tijw ASpØ t«mIØn¬ t]aw, hn`m¥n,Xm]w ,`bw F∂nhs°m≠v c‡\mUok vtXmaw k vXw` n°bm¬H∂padnbmsXbncn°p∂ \mbI≥ Xs‚ ]Xv\nbv°p ]mcXnI PohnXØn¬awKfw Biwknbv°pIbpw AhfpsS kz¿§mtcmlWw k¶ev]n°pIbpwAYhm Aßs\ Hcp kz¿§ans√¶n¬ XßfnhnsS kz¿§am°nhmWXpsIm≠v[\ycmWt√m F∂mizkn°pIbpw AX√ ]q\¿÷∑ hmZamWv icnsb¶n¬Xßƒ ASpØ P∑Øn¬ H∂n®p tNcpsa∂v Bin°pIbpw sNøp∂p. Xs‚]W\nsb AKmk\Øn¬ CcpØp∂Xn\p a pº v hmt\m¿h\nIƒssIsImSpØv A`nhmZyw sNøp∂Xmbn´mWv Ihn h¿Æn®ncn°p∂Xv. CuD]NmccoXn sshtZiobamWv. tIcfoba√.

]Xns\m∂p apX¬ \mep t«mIßfn¬ ]Wbn\nbpsS KpW ]iwkbpwAhƒ°p h∂p-s]´ Zpc¥sØ°pdn®p≈ ]cmaihpw \n¿∆lnbv°p∂p.XpS¿∂v A©p t«mIßfn¬ At⁄bßfmb Znhy]IrXn hnImcßtfbpwk¿∆PohnXØns‚bpw arXyp]cyhkmbnXsbbpw hnhcn®pZmlcn®v Ccp]Xmwt«mIØn¬ XØz⁄m\tØmS v hnS]dbp∂p. CXn\ptijw hcp∂Ggpt«mIßfn¬ Xs‚ At∏mgsØ Zb\obÿnXntbbpw Zp:Jabamb`mhnsbbpw sNm√nbp≈ hnem]amWv .F√m‰n∂psamSphn¬ NqSebnseØnb



ZbnXbpsS Zo¿L\nZbv°p H∂psIm≠pw Du\w hcpØm\mhns√∂pwAhfpsS IÆpIƒ \nbXn\ntbmKØn¬ apZnXßfmsW∂pap≈ ITn\kXywAwKoIcn®psIm≠v hnem]Øn¬ \n∂v hncanbv°p∂p.

‘ Hcp hnem]’Ønse c≠paq∂p t«mIßƒ°v tXmakv tKbpsSFenPnbnse kam\mibßtfmSp≈ IS∏mSv ]ecpw Nq≠n°mWn®n´p-≠v.

_meIrjvW∏Wn°¿ aqt∂m \mtem t«mIßfnepsS X∂nep≈sdmam‚ n°ns‚ kzm`mhw ImWn®n´ps≠¶n¬ tijn® Ccp]Xn¬]cwt«mIßfneqsS ImWn®n´p≈Xv Xs‚ \ntbm¢mkn°v ]mcºcysØbmWv.A©mw t«mIØnse hnZypXv kmcØn¬ hnZybmsemńfIsamcp shdpw]mhsbt∏mep≈ Ccn∏v \ntbm¢mkn°v IhnIfpsS BteJycq]Øns‚hIt`Zw Xs∂bmWv. ‘B¿Øn°S¬\Sp , s]mt∂ma¬s®ºIØn≥ aecSn]Wnbpw Im¥X≥saøv F∂o ]tbmKßfpw ]mXnhXy ]Xm]s°mSnbpsSNctS, ]me©pwhmWnbmtf, amt\mSpw IÆn, tXm©pw hmWnbmtf F∂okw_p≤nIfpw \ntbm¢mkn°v ssien°v FÆw ]d™ DZmlcWßfmWv.kwkIrX hrØkzoIcWhpw \nbta\bp≈ kPm -Xob ZzXobm£c]mkZo£bpw \ntbm¢mkn°v ioeØns‚ e£WßfmWv.

IpńIrjvWamcm¿ Hcphnem]tØ°p-dn®v Cßs\ A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.

\ΩpsS IhnIƒ°v Xt‚Sw sh®pXpSßnbnń√mØ A°meØv ]Øncp]Ønb©p hb pamXw ]mbamb Hcp \hbphmshgpXnbXv F∂ \nebv°pCsXmcp¤pX \n¿ΩnXn Xs∂bmWv. XohZp:JmIpesa¶nepw Xt‚Sw hnSmØFs¥mc¥ p≈ hnem]w . CXnep∂bn® XØz⁄m\iIeßƒkm[mcWßƒ am XamsW¶nepw AhbpsS Bhnj vIcWcoXnIrXylkvXcmb IhnIƒ°p IqSn sImXnbv°ØXmWv .

tIihobwsI.kn.tIih]n≈

kckKmbI IhnaWn F∂ hntij\maØm¬ hnJymX\mbsI.kn . tIih]n≈ Ihn XbØns‚ ImeØn\p sXm´ pa pº vkmlnXym¥co£sØ ]`m]qc nXam°nb]Xn`mtPymXnkmbncp∂p.kmlnXyØnepw kwKoXØnepw Hcpt]mseXnf°tadnbXmbncp∂p At±lØns‚ Iem]h¿Ø\w. kmlnXyØns‚\m\mc q]ßfn¬ ˛ \mS≥]m´ pIf n¬, B´°Ybn¬,\mSIØn¬,kwKoX\mSIØn¬,Km\IrXnbn¬,almImhycN\bn¬,JWvUImhyØn¬ ˛ At±lw Xpeyssh`hw]Z¿in∏n®p.lncWymkpch[w,iqc]flmkpch[w, ioIrjvWhnPbw F∂nh]kn≤ßfmb B´°YIfmWv. Bk∂acW Nn¥miXIsa∂ IrXnbn¬Hcp Bk∂acW\mb Krlÿs‚ Zp:JNn¥Iƒ lrZbw Aenbn°pamdv\ ncØnh®nc n°p∂p .e£va oIeymWw , cmLham[hw ,kZmcma,hnItam¿∆iobw F∂nh \mSIßfmWv.tIcfh¿a henbtImbnØºpcmt\mS p w F.B¿.cmPcmPh¿atbmS p w ASpØ _‘w]pe¿Øn .F∂m¬ henbtImbnØºpcm\p ] nbambnc p∂ZznXobm£c]mktØmSv aaX ]pe¿Ønbn√.`mjmIhnX F∂ teJ\sagpXnZznXobm£c]mktØ∏‰nbp≈ Xs‚ \ne]mSv AhXcn∏n®p.sI.knbpsShmZßƒ sIm≠v ZznXobm£c]mkw Dt]£n°s∏ńs√¶nepw \√ IhnXbv°vAXp IqS ntb Xocp F∂ t_m[w XncpØs∏´p .Cu hmZßƒ c≠p]ÿm\Øn\ v hg nXpd∂p .tIcfh¿Ω ]ÿm\hpw cmPcmPh¿Ω]ÿm\hpw. cmPcmPh¿Ω ]ÿm\Ønepw Hcp almImhyap≠m°Wsa∂A`nemjØns‚ eamWv tIihobw.Imhy\maØn\v c≠phn[Øn¬ A¿∞wIev]n°mw.tIih]n≈ \n¿an®sX∂pw tIiht\∏‰nbp≈sX∂pw.

io alm`mKhXØn¬ \mev]Xne[nIw A\pjvSp∏ v t«mIßfn¬]d™n´p≈ kya¥Iw IYbmWv 1 2 k¿§ßfn¬ 824 t«mIßfn¬almImhyc q]w ]m] n®X v . c mPcmPh¿abpsS kn≤m¥a\pkcn® v\n¿an®XmsW∂p Imhymcw`Øn¬ ]kvXmhn®n´p≠v.ZznXobm£c]mkwDt]£n®ncn°pIbmsW¶nepw i_vZ`wKnbnepw A¿∞sshNnXyØnepw Ihn



hnPbn ®n´p≠v.F√mhn[Ønep≈ ]mkßƒ°pw ka]m[m\yw sImSp°p∂coXnbmWv CXnep≈Xv.

sImSpß√q¿ Ip™n°p´≥ Xºpcm≥(1864˛1913)kwkvIrXØnepw aebmfØnepambn Ht´sd IrXnIƒ cNn®p.hnZymhnt\m

Z n \ n , a e b m f a t \ m c a , c k n I c R v P n \ n , a w K t f m Z b wF∂nkmlnXyamknIIfnemW v Xºpcms‚ IrXnIƒ BZyw]kn≤oIrXambX v .kwkIrXcN\Ifn¬ ][m\s∏´hkp` ZmlcWw,Pcmk‘h[w XpSßnbhymtbmKßfmWv .Ihn`mcXw ,Awt_m] tZiw ,Xp∏¬tImfmºn,tImcfw,\√`mj XpSßnbImhyßƒ \fNcnXw, k¥m\tKm]mewapXemb cq]Ißƒ F∂nhsbms° At±lØns‚ cN\IfmWv.Chbn¬]eXpw ZpXIhnXIfmbn cNn°s∏´hbmWv.

hymkalm`mcXØns‚ X¿PabmWv At±lØns‚ G‰hpw hnJymXkmlnXykw`mh\.18 ]¿∆ßfpw 2000 A≤ymbßfpw 120000 t«mIßfpwDƒs∏´ alm`mcXw X¿Pa sNb vXX v shd p w 8 7 4 Z nhkwsIm≠mWv .aebmfIhnXbnse sh◊Wn ]ÿm\Øns‚bpw]®aebmf]ÿm\Øns‚bpw hnImkØn¬ kp][m\ ]¶p hln®hy‡nIqSnbmWv Ip™n°p´≥ Xºpcm≥.

A[n-I-hm-b-\bv°v

1. kmln-Xy-N-cnXw ]ÿm-\-ß-fn-eqsS, (F-Un-‰¿) : sI.-Fw. tPm¿Pv.

2. ae-bmf kmln-Xy-N-cnXw : ]n.-sI. ]c-ta-iz-c≥ \mb¿

3. ssIc-fn-bpsS IY : F≥. IrjvW-]n≈

4. Xnc-s™-SpØ ]_-‘-ßƒ : F≥. IrjvW-]n≈

5. tIc-f-km-ln-Xy-N-cnXw (hmeyw 1) : D≈q¿ Fkv. ]c-ta-iz-c-ø¿

6. tIc-f-km-ln-Xy-N-cnXw (hmeyw 2) : D≈q¿ Fkv. ]c-ta-iz-c-ø¿

7. `mjm-h-tem-I\w : sI.-Fw. ]`m-Ic hmcn-b¿

8. cma-N-cnXw Hcp hna¿i-\m-flI ]T\w ˛ ]n.-hn.-Ir-jvW≥ \mb¿

9. aWn-]-hm-f-I-hnX ˛ ]n.-hn. them-bp-[≥]n-≈.

10.ae-bmfw ˛ am‰hpw hf¿®bpw : sI.-Fw. ]`m-Ic hmcn-b¿

11. ae-bmf Ihn-Xm-km-ln-Xy-N-cnXw : Fw. eoem-hXn

12.a[y-Ime ae-bmfw : ]n.-hn. them-bp-[≥]n-≈.

13.ae-bmf `mjm-N-cnXw (F-Un-‰¿) : Fkv.-hn. thWp-tKm-]≥ \mb¿.

14.Infn-∏m´v ˛ F≥.-ap-Ip-µ≥

15.sh◊-Wn-]-ÿm\w ˛ AI-hq¿ \mcm-b-W≥

16.Aaq-ey-ivtfm-I-ame ˛ kºmZI≥:Ac-hn-µ≥

17.ae-bmf kmlnXyw Ime-L- -ß-fn-eqsS: Fcp-taen ]c-ta-iz-c≥]n-≈.

18.eoem-Xn-eIw (]-T-\hpw hymJym-\-hpw) : iqc-\mSv Ip™≥]n≈.

19.DÆp-\oen ktµiw (]T-\hpw hym-Jym-\hpw): iqc-\mSv Ip™≥]n-≈.

20.alm-Imhy ]ÿm\w : Sn.-]n. _me-Ir-jvW≥\m-b¿.

21.ae-bmf kmln-Xy-N-cnXw \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-eqsS (15 Dw 16 Dw \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ) k-ºm-Z-I¿ : ]n.-sI. ]c-ta-iz-c≥ \mb¿ kvamcI SÃv.

22.ae-bm-f-km-ln-Xy-N-cnXw 14- mw \q‰m-≠p-hsc ˛ k-ºm-Z-I¿ : ]n.-sI. ]c-ta-iz-c≥\mb¿ kvamcI SÃv.



23.`mjm-]-cn-afw : \Sp-h´w tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥.

24.`mjm-hn-Nmcw : \Sp-h´w tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥.

25.cma-N-cn-X-Øn¬\n∂valm-`m-c-X-Øn-te°v : Fw.-Fw.]pcp-tjm-Ø-a≥ \mb¿.

26.ae-bmf ktµ-i-Im-hy-ßƒ Hcp ]T\w: Nº-°pfw A∏p-°p- ≥]n-≈.

27.tImI-k-tµiw ˛ ]-T-\hpw hymJym-\hpw : tKm]n-°p- ≥.

28.ae-bm-f- m-jm-N-cnXw Fgp-Ø-—≥hsc : cXv\-Ω. sI.

29.sh◊Wn IrXn-Iƒ ˛ FUn:ioshm≈n \mcm-b-W≥

30.]©m-\-\s‚ hna¿i-Xbw : kmln-Xy-]-©m-\-\≥ ]n.-sI.\mcm-b-W-]n-≈.

31.IrjvW-Km-Y ˛ sNdp-t»-cn(-kw-tim-[\w:Sn. `mkvI-c≥)

32.IrjvW-Km-Ym-]-T-\-ßƒ : Sn. `mkvI-c≥.

33.-⁄m-\-∏m\ ˛ ]-T-\hpw hymJym-\hpw : tKm]n-°p- ≥.

34.Cc-bn-Ω≥ Xºn-bpsS B -°-Y-Iƒ(]-T\w) ˛Abva\w IrjvW-ss°-aƒ

35.-]m-´p-]-ÿm\w ˛ Fkv.-cm-P-ti-J-c≥

36. A¿tWmkp]mXncnbpsS Imhyßƒ, Id‚ v _pIvkv,tIm´bw

37.]®aebmfw IrXnIfpw ]T\ßfpw ˛ tUm.sI.]tim`≥(kºmZ\w,]T\w)

38. aebhnemkw ˛ F.B¿.cmPcmPh¿a,Id‚ v _pIvkv ,tIm´bw

39.sI.kn.IrXnIƒ ˛ sI.kn.tIih]n≈, kmwkvImcnI ]kn≤oIcWhIp∏v,tIcfk¿°m¿

40.abqcktµiw:tIcflrZbw (hymJym\w)

imen-°‰v k¿∆-i-em-ime - university of calicut · school of distance education bzy-im-e-...

Documents