TIPS KENA TEPAT

PMR

SAINS

KERTAS 2

TARGET KEDUA UNTUK KERTAS 2 PMR

TAHUN INI IALAH:

KIDNEY & DIALYSIS MACHINE

OR

URINARY SYSTEM

JAWAB SEMUA SOALAN YANG CIKGU SEDIAKAN DATAM SET

INI .RAMALAN BAB LAIN AKAN MENYUSUL KEMUDIAN

OLEH CIKGU RAFI PAKAR RAMATAN AKADEMIK MALAYSIA.

GENIUSRAMALAN.COM

GENIUSRAMALANz.COM

SUI-IT

Diag;rm 3.I sho\ ithe longitudinal section ofthc human kidney.Ra,iuh 3.I menuni: rkkan kcralan memanjang buah plnggang man*sia .

Diagram 3.1

Rajah 3.I

l;rate the function of the kidney.l"vatakan "fungsi buah pinggang.

i i)a)

'ol

t ri)

I I mark l

l.J une the part labelled R.

l':amakan bahogian berlabel R.

I mark l

Snggest one way ro treat the people with kidney failure?Cadangkan saru cara untuk merau,at pest*it buah pinggang?

iir,,tt

551:l l-ihat

55t2

ForExrJnincr'sltscUntuk

l(a)

3(b)

sebelahst It .r'1'

S ULTI

c) Diagram 3.2 slrows a machinc used by patients who suffered kidney frilure.Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan setu mesin yang digunakan oleh peszkit buh pinggang

ii)

Diagram 3.2Rajah 3.2

What is the lunction of this machine?Apakoh fungsi nesin ini?

Caa we sun'ive on one kidncy?Bolehkah ktu hidxp dcngan satu btnh pinggang sahaju?

Explain your answer in c (ii).Jelaskan jau,tpun a,tifa dalan c (ii).

i) to filter blood

ii) pelvis

r) to ire$t kidney tarlure pnt;cnt/ temove vr'aste product frot'blood.

ii) Can

iii) Biood can tilter ever by orre kidney.

Solutionout

Dialyrissolutionkep( ar37"C

Dialyti5tubin1;

I rn;lr k I

,rark J

llr )

1 mar[<

I lnark

ilre btood/filter'

)-ii l

Fcrr

Exiun rur':

,( c)

i--_ltJtT0trl A.6

t----i[-r.i

,i

j:l

SULIT 5512

Diagrbm 1 shows a urinary system in human.Raiah 1 meniJnjukkan sistem uinari dalam manusia.

(a) On Diagram 1, label structure P, O and R using the lollowing words.Pada Raiah l,labelkan strLrklur P, Q dan R dengan menggunakanperkataan berikut.

urelerureier

urethra urinary bladder kidneyuretQ pundi kencing ginjal

[3 marks].[3 markah]

Diagram I

Rajah 1

SULIT

(b) Draw lines to malch each slructure with tts function.Lukiskan garisan bagi memadankan seliap struktur dengan lungsinya.

FunctionFungsi

I canies urine to urinary bladdermembawa urin ke pundi kencing

removes urine out of the bodymenyingkirkan urin ke luar badan

SlructureStruktur

E[|

EAble to name the slructures in human urinary syslemAnswer

P = UreterO = Urinary btadderR = Urethra

Able to match Ihc slructures willt ils iunction correc yAnswer

P = remove waste product from bloodO = rernove urine out of the bodvR = carries urine to urrnary bladjer

55t2

TotalA1

QUESTIONS

removes waste product lrom bloodmenyingkirkan bahan kumuh dari darah

6. Diagram 6.1 shows the human urinary syslemRajah 6.1 menunjukkan sistem urinari manusia

Diagram 6.1Rajah 6.1

Name the struclure P and Q.Namakan struktur P dan Q.

ForExamine/s

usa

6(aXi)

(a)

(i) P

a)

(b) The content of excreton wasto in 100 cm3 urine sample collected from structure Qof a rnan is as below:Kandungan bahan kumuh datam 1OO cm3 air kencing yang dikumpul dari struktur Qseorang lelaki adalah seperti bBflkul:

12 natusl2 markah

(ii) ln Diagram 6.1 , label the ureter with letter R and urethra with letter S.Dalam Rajah 6.1 , label uretet dengan hurul R dan uretra dengan huruf S

12 matus12 ma*ah

Excrollon WasteBahan kumuh

ContenUgKandunqan/q

WaterAi

96.0

Mineral saltsGanm Minenl

1.7

UreaUrea

2.0

Nitrogenous wasteBahan buanqan bemitrogen

o.2

Substance YEahan Y

0.1

6(aXii)

lForlI Exaninets

I

l^"1ltI oruxl I

lEil-l!1,,",,,,,1

lrE2m

(c)

Substanco Y is tested with Benedict solution and the solution tums into a brick+edpercipitate.BahanY diujidengan larutan Benedict dan larutan itu beftukar kepada mendakanmerah bata.

What is substance Y thal is present in the urine?Apakah bahan Y yang tedapat dalam air kencing itu?

| 1 markl| 1 ma*ah I

. State the name of the disease suffered by the man.Nyatakan nama penyakit yang dihidapi oleh lelaki itu.

ll markl| 1 narkah I

A diet of a person will determine the contents of his urjne. What kind of waste willincrease il a person takes on exlra amount of the following substanc€:Diet seseorang akan menentukan kandungan air kencing. Apakah bahan buanganyang akan meningkat jika seseorang mengambil bahan berikut secara beriebihan:

Salts :

Garam

Protein:Protein

12 natus I

12 markah I

a) i) P:ii) Q: Urinary bhdderiii)

P

,a

i) Glucoseii) Diabetes Mellitus

i) Mineral saltsii) Urea

2rn

b)

c)

2m

2m

?r.tfal-a-

Strl,ll' 55/2

l(l )

G

Diirgrarn I .l shows the structure of a humrn kidney.

Rtrluh L.l nenunjuklitu strlklrt's0! ginjal tlttlon badart nonusiu.

Draglam l.l' Rajuh l.l

(a) On l)iuslnnl Ll.label rrlucrurc P. Q and R using the following words.

I'tulu Rcrluh I.l,luhel .rtn*ttrr P.Q r/orr R /c,rgrar p(rkutout berik t.

- ---ii p.tui.

I

| .l nturks /.1 rrrar{a/r I

Lihar sebeluh

SULIT

iI

i

i-;,..JLIT

( b) Diagram 1.2 shorvs I urin'dry systenl in rhe hunrn body.

Rttjuh 1.2 nenutjnkkru l;itteu triuuri tlalun budar nt(unt.tia.

Bascd on Diagrun

Berdavrkru Ru.juh

/ita,q.rrrrrrr.

Organ

0rgur

t)iaglanr l.?

Ruiuh 1.2

L?. drarv lines Io match each orgrn rvith its [unction.

1.2, lu*is guris<trt rtutuk tuctttatlortkon tttittp rtrgtrtl 1l411qqn

I rr nction

l; n ugti

Untuk

Kegununn

Pule *w

I( b)

1,

To [iltcr blood.

Urtuk nttrqtis thntlr

To rcmor.e urinc from lhc body.

Untttk rutn.tin,qkir uir kctrt tng chri bcdctn,

Place where urine i\ \tored temporarily.

Tenput tir ken<itR tli.tinpan wnantorct

To can] urine tr) the urinur] bladder.

Urtuk uur,qongkrt rir ken<ing kc puudi kcnc.ittg

i J marksi 3nurkah I

Lihat sebelah

SUI,I'f

55/2

Y

s5t2

'fot8l

Able to label pans p, a:*d R;-*tlySgmolc answer

P : MedullaQ : PelvisR : Cortex

Able to match the organ wiih ils funclion.Sample answer

Organ Function

To remove urine from thl

Place where urine is stored

To carry urine to the

TO^T AL UUMLAH

Diagre 4.1 sbows thc hman.uinay syeteo.Bajah 4.1 merunjufun sistom ,uitei rnsnusia

Diagran a.l I Rajah 4.1

(a) Using ihe letas in Diagro 4.1, ccrmplae ihe flow chrt bclow to sbow the pathwayof urinc before it fu eliminntad fi,om fte hr.rmau body,Dengan menggunakan huruf-huruf dahm Rajah 4.1, Iengkapkan carta alir dibowah bagi menunjukkan lshsn uin sebelum .disingkirkan dari badan.E

[2 Earlrs]

[2 naluh]

s9.2 Llhrt sebebhstruT

SULIT

Forixaminer 3

Use

ffiTotal,{4

t.-lI lul5St2

55n

O) Diagran 4.2 shows a machine used to t€at a pati€nt with ur orgadQilure.Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan sebuah mesin yang digunakan untuk rawatan kegagalanorgan tertentu.

Nane the organ which needs this machine.Namakan otEan lang memerlukan mesin ini.

[1 ma*]fl narkahJ

G) The patient in (b)(i) undergoes t€atment with this machine.State one ditrerence between the blood ccntent in rube X and tube Y.Pesakit dalam (b)(i) menjalani rawatan dengan menggunakan mestn ini.Nyatakan satu perbezaan di antara kandungan darah dalam tiub X dantiub Y.

I ma*][] narkahl

(c) A studei.rfs wine is tested in a laboratory using Ben€dict's Test. Brick red precipitateis formed. Explain.Urin seorang pelajar telah diuji dalam mahnal dengan menggunaican IJjtanBenedict. Didapati mendakan merah bata terhasil. Terangkan.

[2 marks]

[2 narkah]

Llhat SebetahSIJLTT

G)

Human arm

Diagrun 4.2 / Rajah 4.2

-----.rl

q

t"r [-'l---.Ej*EJ*E4 conecl 2m

3b2co.re€{1m1 conect 0m

(b) (i) Kldney

0i) Y hae hioher urea conlenttwaste p,odu€i/mlneEl selt //Y has high urea /mlneral salt cortert than X

(c) F - Glucos€/sugtsr is prBent ln udns // Urin€ contalns glucos€ /su9ar

E - The student has diabebs mellitlg.

usi,

SULIT 55n

[3 marks]

[ 3 markahJ '

:'

Diagr-am I shows the human urinary system.

Rajah I menunjukan sistem kencing manusia

o'ffff,t.

(a) On Diagram I, label structures P, Q ard R using the following words:

Pada Rajah l, iabelkan struHur P, Q dan R menggunakan perkataan berikut:

Urinary bladderPundi kzncing

KidneyGinjal

UreterUreler

O) Draw lines to match kidoey with its orcretory products.

Lutis gorisot ttxut nendonkan ginjal dengot balwr twnuhnya

. f,tcretory productr

Bahsn kumuh

Ut.

, Minerd saltsGtammineral

Carbon dioxideKsbon dioksidi

t-(c) Ma* N) in the box for the process t}at occurs in rfie Eetem in Diagram l.

T*!Y, {1 aoU^ petak bagi proses yang berlaku dalam sislemRajah I.

Urinatioa*enginchlgan

SweatingPirpelulmn

L]l-]-]

[2 marks[2 markah

I I markp markait

l(b)

[E

l(c)

[d

Water

Ail

Kido"yGW"I

UreaUrea

+t-. Use

55t2

Diagram I shows the human urinary system.

Rajah I menunjukkon sistem kencing manusia.

Diagram IRajah I

(a) On Diagram 1, label structures P, Q and R using the following words:

Pada Rajah l, labelkan struhur P, Q dan R menggunakan perkntqan berikut:

Urinary blad<ierPundi kencing

KidneyGinjal

UreterUreler

[3 marksl[3 markah]

P: k-rd\eu

Q' urq\rr

R'unnArV ttqlAer

l.

SULIT

(b) Draw lines to match kidney with its excretory products.

Lukis garisan untuk memadankan ginjal dengan bahan kumuhnya.

Excretory products

Bahan kamuh

[1 mark[1 markah

rft)

m

1(c)

[trTotal

WaterAir

Mineral salts

Garam mineral

Urea

Urea

(c)

Carbon dioxideKarbon diolaida

[2 marks

[2 markah.

fr4ark (y') in the box for the process that occurs ir the system in Diagram l.

Tandakan (1 aoU* petak bagi proses yang berlalat dalam sistemRajah I.

UrinationPengencingan

SweatingPerpeluhan

A

SULIT

(b) Draw lines to match kidney with its excretory products.

Lukis garisan untuk memadankan ginjal dengan bahan kumuhnya.

Excretory products

Bahan kumuh

Carbon dioxide

Karbon dioluida

[2 marks

[2 markah

(c) fr4art (V) in the box for the process that occurs in the system in Diagram l.

Tandakan (1 aAo* petak bagi proses yang berlaku dalam sistemRajah l.

UrinationPengencingan

SweatingPerpeluhan

[1 mark[1 markah

1(b)

[E

1(c)

[ETotal

Water

Air

Mineral salts

Garam mineral

Urea

Urea

TIPS KENA TEPAT

PMR

SAINS

KERTAS 2

TARGET KETIGA UNTUK KERTAS 2 PMR

TAHUN INI IALAH:

(PELUANG ltXl%'KEfi*TEPAT l

E

JAWAB SEMUA SOALAN YANG CIKGU SEDIAKAN DATAM SET

INI .RAMAIAN BAB IAIN AKAN MENYUSUT KEMUDIAN

OLEH CIKGU RAFI PAKAR RAMATAN AKADEMIK MALAYSIA.

GENIUSRAMALAN.COM

GENIUSRAMALANz.COM

55t2

GrowthPertumbuhan

Diagram 4.1Rajah 4.1

(a) (i) Based on the Diagram 4.1, give definition of growth.

Berdasarkan Rajah 4,1, berikan de/inisi pertumbuhan.

(ii)

Ilmark]I I markah I

State one characteristic of girls at puberty stage.

Nyatakan srtt ciri bagi perempuan pada peringkat akhil baligh.

Il mark]I I markah )

Give one reason, why negative gror+th occurs at old age stage.

Berikan satt sebab, mengapa pertumbuhan negatif berlalu pada peringka! usia tua.

Il marklI I narkah )

(6) Diagran 4.2 shows parts of cell organisation in the human body.

Rajah 4.2 menunjulckan bahagian-bahagian organisasi sel di dalam badan manusia.

Diagran 4.2Rajah 4.2

(i) Anange the cell organisation from the simplest to the most complex.

Susunkan organisasi sel dari yang paling ringkas kepada yang paling kompleks.

(ii) Give one example ofthe system in the human body.

Berikan satu contoh bagi sistem di dalam badan manusia-

:'

I ro,I E o^ir"r',

I u'"

I

I

I

I

I

I

I 0,,u,,l.;rI

I ltrltiil

[E| '*",tA4

lr-;

I I markI I markah

-d,I-IT

a(a)(i)

a(a)(ii)

a(a)(iii)

4(rxi)

4(rxiD

r Answer must be written in order (AIl cotect - 2M, Threecorrects - l ld)

Able to give one example of the system in the human bodyAnswer

Any system in human body; examplesNervous // Digestive ll Urnary ll Blood ctculation system

Abl€ to define groryth blsed on Diagram 4

Alswer

The height / mass i size increase.

Able to give one characteristic of girl during pubertySamole answers

l. Ovary starts to produce owm,/ovaleggs.2. Become bigger and taller in size.3. The breasts develop.4. The hips widen.5. Hair grows around the pubic regions and armpits.6. Menstruation starts.

Able to give one reason why negative growth occur at old agestageSample answerl. Tissues breakdown more quickly (than they can be

repaired).2. Less new cells are produced.

Able to arrange the cell organization from the simplest to themosl complexArswers

4(a)l{(b)-l

STILIT 55/2

4. Diagram 4 shorvs a patient and four blood donors, K, l-, M and N with rheir rcspectiveblood goup.Raiah 4 ennnjuhkan seorang psr;a*i! dan up pcndcnna darah, X, 1,, Al dan N rkngon hunpulandarah naing-masing.

Donor KPerxlsrna K

lllood group AXltnryIqn Darah A

lJonor M

Blood group OKunvtluq Darah A

Recipient (parient)lenetiu0 (fe:tai.il)

Blood Eoup BKwpulan.Darah B

Donor LPewlerma L

Blood group Bkmpulun Daruh B

Donor N

Blood group AtsKun;puhn Daruh AB

fa)

Diagrtm 4Rajoh I

Based on Diapnm 4. state two donors who can donate bl00d to the patient ssfely.0trdosorfutn Raioh 4, nyotahtn dua penthrntt tyng lq,tJ* ncndernolan daruhnvo keparlapeso kil dtngan seltnnot

{2 marksl{t ma*ahl

(1,) Which blood group in 4(a) is a universal donor ?fanl; nana*ah jcnit dLttoh d,Jk n ,t(a) cdolah le\lerna unfuefia! ?

I I mark]1*.,-L-t,l

-

Llr 5512

'(u)'Whatwouldhappenifarincompatibletypeofblood.istransfusedtoarccipicnt?

lpatah 1,ang, akan herlaku jika kunpulan dorah yang dipindahkan l.ePoda Psne ms liddk s$asi ?

Ust

4(c)

tltt[1 mark]

fl nartaU

(d) state two con<litions that require blood transfusion other than injuries due to

accidents.h)atokan rlua kearlaan Xang nenerlukan petnindqhur dsrah seldln daripada kecederaar dltebdhkan

keualangan.

(ii) :

[2 marks][2 norkah]

4, a L anc M 2

(b) o(c) Agglutinate

Pcnggunpalan

(d) (i) During sugeryScmasa pembedtthon

2(ii) Treating diseases Iike haemophilia and leukaemia

dan h&enio

Total 6

Jumlah

SULIT

5 Diagram 5.1 shows the gmwth curve for Azrnan and Anita'Rajah 5.1 menunjukJan grafpertumbuhan bagi Azman dun Anita

55n

Diagram 5.IRgah 5.1

(a) Bascd on Diagram 5.1, who is taller bawen the age of l0to l4 years?

Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1, siapa*ah yang lebih tinggi Pada umw antara I0hingga l4 tahun?

" "i'r 'r"rt t

I I narkah I

O) At whst sge does Azrnan grow the slowest?Pa&r umw beralnlah umbesarsn Aznan paling pcrlahan?

"' 'i'i ^"* i[ 1 ,na*ah ]

ForExaminer's

Use

Wu*kignootpemerika

s(b)

ForEx.unincr's

Usc

Unts*kcgurutpeneril<sa

{cXi)T:]ll'ls(cxti)r

5(dxi)

E

SULTT 55n ,,

(.) (0 Predict Anita's height when she is 22 yeers old.Ramalkan ketinggian Anila apabila dia berumur 22 tahun.-

I I mark ]I I narkahj

(iD Give onc reason fot your answcr in (c[i).Berikan saf,u sebab bagi jawapon atda dalan (c)(i).

....-...t..,,..........I I mark I

I I narkahl

(d) Diagram 52 shows picnrrcs ofA-znan's grandmother since shc was a

baby.Rajah 52 menunjukhan gambt perkembangan lumbesaran nenek Azman

se me nj a* pe r ingkat bayi.

(i)

PQRST

Diagram 5.2Rajah 5.2

Arrange the pictures of Azrnan's grandmother according to her grourth

stages.Sustnkan gambar nenek Azman mengikut peringkat perkembangantumbesoan belidu.

[ 2 marks ![ 2 narkah I

55n

(ii) During her adolescence, Azmsn's grandmother experiences- many changes'

Semia peringkat remaia, nenek Aznan mengalami banyak perubahan'

State two changes involved.

Nyalakan du Perubahan tersebut'

(l)

[2ru*s]12 n@t4h)

(2'^)

I Lihat sebelah

ForExaminer's

Use

Untukkegunaanpemetiksa

5(dxiD

SI L-,7

a) t)iagram l. shows the human groMh curve.Rajoh L I n enunjukkon lenglat*, pertumbuhan manusia

Hejehr (cm)Tinggr (cn)

a)

Age (years)Umur (tahun)

Diagram Ll / Rajah I.l

5ta19 (hs srage of pouth in Diagram l.l using the word givenNam,tkan ,oeringkat pertumbuhan dalam Rajah l.I menggunakan perkataanvang dibeihzn

[3 mark]

55/2

l'oaExaniner's

Untuk

l-ihat sebelah.SIJLIT

SULIT

190

t70

150

b) Diagram 1.2 sho,vs thc.erot\th curve ofthe human males and femalesRajah 1.2 menu,iukkan lengkuk perttmbuhan lelaki dan perempuan

Height (cm)Tinggi ( cm )

r l0

110

90

70

50

Age (y:ars)Umur (t rhan)

Diagram I.2 I Rajah 1.2

Circle P or Q ro show the nale grou,th curveBulatkan P atuu Q unruk nenunjukkan lengkuk pertumbuhan /elaki

I I n,arli I

ii; Llraw the line to rnatch ft€ gowth rate with it stageLukitkon gtri.utn untuk padankan katlor pertumbuhan dengan oerin qhmyt,

1'he growrh ol both sexes are at the same rareferiumbuhun bagi kedua4ua jantina padakulur yang suna

| ,tr ri'e uegrrLrir,g or t\is rrrge the gr.,wth ibr

] Srrls rs nrorc rapidlv than boy5e t l.: aval p:ringk, tu pertumbuhan padLlL)ertmluan lcbih pesat berbanding lclaki

. ANSWIR IN ENGI,ISH VERSION iJAIYAPAN DALAII,I T/ERSI BAHASA MEUYU

'L-l

'li-i{l,l

I mark

Clr ildhoodAdolescentAdu lr

3 - 13 yeors

13 - 20 ycar:20 - 65 yoars

I 't u

ii) thc grolvth ofscxes at the same rateAt the beginning olthis stage tire gr<_,rvth for girls is rnore thon

(r )boy ( L)

| 'rur.vi r ''r

I SAAL.4^'--;r- -

-

Inrlirartrirr,:r's

55t2

i (r,)

1

Total ,,'1

l.-l

sirr.r'r

8 Diagranr 8.1 shou,sa studcnl nreasuring his body mass ut diffsrent time.

/lajclr 8.1 nteruutjukkun seorang pelajar nrcnimbang ji.sin budannyo

pala nusa wutg berbelt.

fjate : 20 Jan 201 0'farikh;20 Jan 2010

J_h

fi/Agc Ntl,)nur M

Diugrarn E.l

lftlnir 8, 1

Dlte: 20.Jan 201 I'ftn'ikh:20 Jan 201I

J _hT I II)r (lllrt1/

Age N1,'alirr'N

(a) Bascd on the otlservation in L)iaglam 8. l:

ll(rdtt.\ot'k(Dt lr.tN rll.tIitt/' ,rIatu Roiah 8.I

( r,inpaie the dilfercnce irr Sodr weiqht between i\ge i\I and Age N.

llundingkun prrbezoan betar bodan ontaro UnurMtlengan L/nurN.

(i)

Ilmark/lnvrkuh)

( ii ) Slale onc relationship belrvecn the studeot's age ancl his body weight.

Nrurakut srrlu hubungan ontore utur pelujar tlengan berat badannya.

linark/lutarkahl

Lihat scbela

S ULIl'

55/2

ii/)

Kegunuart

8(aX i)

8(aX ii )

'sut.t'I

5,i/2

( b) A Folrn Fivc student nlcasLrcd his height ev.r y ),ear stlding fionr Form Two.

I)ilgr'urr S.1 shos,s lbur lcading: of his height.

Srnru4 pt'lujur Titrg*uttru [.itua takfu tc \\k tin!,!gitr\\t :i iol, tdn t furnula tlrtri'I iugkcttuu lluu. [kiult ,\.? r ou j lkkl.rt (rytet l)octturr ketiuggicnnvt.

Lihar sebelah

SUI-IT

sst2

;\-se l4(!nw l1

;\-!:c I(lLinr tr r l6

Agc 15

Ltturt 15

Agc 17

I /rnrt 17[)iirgr-anr ll 2

Rujult 8.7

'Gf

/-

\

\

SULIT

( i ) Based on Diagram 8.2, complete Table 8.

Berclasarkan Rajah 8,2, lengkapkan Jaduul 8.

Table 8

Jadual 8

l2marks/2norkahl

592 Lihat sebelah

Age ( Year )

Unrar ( Tahun )

Height ( cm )

Irrrggi ( cm )

t4 t45

l5

l6

l7

SUI,IT

-

55/2

Ut ik

8(bx i )

ll

Untnk

8( bx ri )

55/2

S!JLII'

llci_shl ( cnlfil.qf l ( cm

170

160

150

Age ( Year )Unnr ( Tithuu )

55t2

( ii ) Bused on the dutn in Tcble 8. dnw a line graph to sholv the growth rate oflhe

studen l.

Brdus(rkun dulu rltlant Jutluol 8. luki.r grol goris untuk ucuunjukkur kuthr

Iruttltestunn pclujar itu.

l2mrrksl2 uarkrh I

l.ihat sebelah

SULIT

STJLIT ;

( iii ) Based on the line graph drawn in 8( b X ii ). state one relationship between the

student's age and his height.

Berlasarkan graf gttt is l.nnt dilukis dtrlnra 8( b X ii ), nvatakan hubrurllu

tnloru unrur ptl(ier rersebut dengnt kelitl:1giun\u.

llnrark/lutr*ultJ

tsased on the line groph in 8( b X ii ). predict the studenl s heighl when he

is eighteen years old.

Eaxlosur*un gruf garisan di I ( b ) ( ii ). rarnalkan ketiuligian pekriar apohilrr

untunrwt lapatt belas tohwr.

(iv)

( c ) State the variables involved in this activity.

Nvtukun pcnholcltrbah vltg rerlibut dalunr aktititi ini.

i

Monipulated variablc I

, Panrholehubuh tlitnrntlu u.rt I

i;| -'. . Iii

Responding vanJble i

:

, Putbolehuhuh bergoul bulos

iii

Ilmark/lnarkohl

ilrrlrks/2aror{n/rl

55t2 l.ihat scbelah

sl it-I'l

s-5/2

Untnk

8(bxiii )

li(c )

SULIT

( d ) Diagram 8,3 shows four groups of food. P, Q. R and S.

Rujah 8.3 ntenunjukl<.ut unpat kut pulen n(&eluu, P, Q. R r/orr S.

ir - iifii

!h4 .']:

Diagram 8.3Rajah 8.3

Based on Diagrunr 8.I and Tuble 8, classify the groups of t'ood in Diagram 8.1

which should be laken more in quanlity lbr nornral growrh.

Berdusorkan Rojdt E.l (lut Jaduul E, kelqsk.! kttrnpulan nakanun rlulun Ralah 8.3

t'rutg perlu diunrbil lcltih utttuk pertunbulntt ttorntl.

QuantilyKuanrili

Consunred lessPengutrhilun krrcug

Groups of foodmakanan

l)iaglam 11.3

krlah 8.1

[ ? mriks / 2 utur Loh I

Lihat scbelah

SULIT

a

^t )

Y'_ <4)11l& ,z/'tt

'ffaw'dr;P

Consumed morePertg<unhilan lehih

55t2

s'l2Unruk

8(d )

TotalB8

-

Questior/ NoSoalan / No

Scheme / Skima MarksMarkah

Total MarlsJumlah Markah

8( a N i ) | Able to compse the diference in bodyweight.I Samole answer

I eS. lf h* "

t"gh.r body weighr Lhan Age M.I(ii) | Able to state the relationship between lhe studenl's age and theI body weight.

I Samole answer

I When tlre student's age increascs, the body weight alsoI increases.

I(bxi) | Able to complete the rable.I Samnle answerl-I I s* y*r" - 153 crn

I I66years - 159 crn

I t/yean - 164 cm| ***3 Corrects - 2 msrks

| 2 Conects- I marksI Gl Corrects - 0 marks

I(ii) | Able to draw the line grqhI sndent.I samnl" "r,"*",l-I Hcidd)I nwntc.t

lo show the gro\|th rate of the

ll l,{ 15 t6 17

Note: AII point (4) conect -Connection all point - I

.{s4-!:t)

markmark

(iii ) Able to sbte lhe lelationship betveen the student age and theheightSamnle answer

l. As the student's age increases, the height alsoncreases.

2. The boy height increase when his age iacreases.

l,{ 15

-

(iu)

(c)

(d)

Able lo predict the sndent's heighl.Sample answer

Between 169 cm to l?2 cmr4r accepl any measwement between 169 cn to l72cm

Able to slale the vaiable bnolved.Sample answer

Manipulated variable Age

Responding variable Height

Able to classily the groups ofnutrient.Sample snswer

Ousnti8 GrouDs of foodConsurned more P,S

Consumed less Q,R

I

I

I

I

TO"I AL UAMLAE l2

tD

SULIT

3. Diagram 3.1 shows the hurnan gm*th cuwe.Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan lengkng pertumbuhan manwia.

Height (cm)Ketinggian

Diagram 3,1Rajah 3-l

(a) What is 'growth'Apakah 'penunbuhan'

o

I I mark ]

(b) At which stage is the growth rate ofthe girl the samc as the boy?Pada peingkat manakah kadar pertumbuhan perempuan samadengan lelaki?

ii-;r(c) Al which stsge in diagram 3 . I , does the girl stan to experience

menstrual cycle?Pada peingkat manakah dalam rajah 3.1, seorang budak perempuonaktn mula mengalami kitor haid?

t I ma* I

55t2

3(b)

ri

SULIT

(d) Diagram 3.2 sbows a menstrual cycle ofa girlRajah j.2 menunjukkan kitar haid seorang budak perempuan.

l7 lzN

Diagram 3.2Rajah 3.2

(i) Based on diagran 3.2 , name phase N.Eerdasarkan rqjah 3.2, nanakan fasa N.

ii-*rf(ii) Surc what happcn to the ovary during the phasc.

Nyalakan apa yang berlaht Lepada ovari semasa fasa ini.

ir.*r.t(e) Thc calendar sbows that a girl's last period began on 2 August 2Crl 1 .

Circlc the date m the calendar when her next period will probablyKalendar menunjukkan haid seorang budak perempuan yang bermulapada 2 Ogos 2OI l. Bulatkan pada kalendar taikh haid yang berikutakqr bermula.

I 2 l 4 5 6 'l 8 9

lo ll l2 l3 l4 l5 lo l819 20 2l 22 23 25 26 27

2A 29 30 3l

55/2

r(dxi)

3(d)(iD

3(e)

TTOTAL

TI mark l

a) Ablc to state what is glowth

(Gmrwth ) is fie change in size/shape^/number of cell / body function.

(Pertumbuhan ) adalah penbahan darisaizJ bennk / bilangan sel /fungsi badan

b) Able lo state the stage

P / lnfancyP / Boyi

Note : do not acccpt sgc

c) Able to state lhe stage

R / adolesccnceR / Remaja

Nole : do not accepr age

d)(i) Ablc to name the phas€

Fertile (phase)( Fasa) subur//fasa kesuburan

(ii) Able to state what happcn

- Ovulation.{ ovary relcascs ovum // ovum isrcleased by ovary // ovary ovulate

Pengovulan // ovai membebaskan owrm //ovtun dibebaskon oleh ovai // ovaimengovrlasi

(c) Able to circle the date

30 August

I

TIPS KENA TEPAT

PMR

SAINS

KERTAS 2

TARGET KELIMA UNTUK KERTAS 2 PMR

TAHUN INI IALAH:

ffi

JAWAB SEMUA SOALAN YANG CIKGU SEDIAKAN DALAM SET

INI .RAMAIAN BAB LAIN AKAN MENYUSUT KEMUDIAN

OLEH CIKGU RAFI PAKAR RAMALAN AKADEMIK MAIAYSIA.

GENIUSRAMAIAN.COM

GENIUSRAMAIAN2.COM

SUUT . :

8. Diagram 8,1 shows an electical €ne45/ transrnission and distribution systsm. P, Q, R andS are transforrnezs that adjust the voltage value in the systeur.

Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan sistem penghantaran dan pengagihan tenaga etehrik. P, Q,R dan S adalah trarcformer yang menyelqras nilai voltan dslam sistem tersebut.

275 kV1r kv

Power StationPenjana Kuasa

33 kV11 kV

FactoryKllang

HouseRumah

(a) Classify ransformers P, Q, R and S Sased on their tlpeKelaskan transformer n Q, R dan S berdasarknn jenis transformer

Stepup transformerTrawformer injak-naik

Step{own bunsformerTransfo rme r inj ak- turun

[2 martcs]

[2 markahJ

240 VDiagram 8.1 I Rajah 8.1

s5/2

55t2

ForExaminerb

Use

Lihat sebelahSTJLIT

SULM

Forlxaminer's

Use

55t2

55t2

Dagram 82 shows a traosfonner.Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan sebuah transformer.

Dagrarn 8.2 / Rajah 8.2

O) O Compae the difierence of the b'rightress of Bulb A and B

\<-u

Ctr)

I matk]

[1 narkahJ

Based on the brightness of the bulb draw the seconday coils in Dagram 8.2Berdasarkan kecerahan mentol lukiskan gegelung sekunder dalam Rajah91

""""""':"""""""

[l mart]fi narkahJ

Write one inference about the brightress of bulb B.Tuliskan satu infercrc mengenai kecerahan mentol B.

[1 ma*][1 narkahJ

Lihat SebelahSTJLIT

ct

I

inina'yi@il /I Gegehmgi prtmerI

SULIT

Diagram 8.3 shows a set up to investigate the fimction of a stepup transfomrer.Rajah 8.3 menunjukkan radas yang disediakan untuk mengkaji fungsit r a nsfo rm e r i nj ak-na i k"

sebuah

Diagam 8.3 / Rajah 8.3

(c) Diagrarn 8.4, shows the reading of the voltmeter when 20 tums of secondary coilis used. Complete Table 8.1.Rajah 8.4, menunjukkan bacaan bagi vohmeter apabila 20 lilitan gegelungsekunder digunakan. Lengkapkan Jadual 8.1

Diagram 8.4 / Rajah 8.4

Table 8.1 shows the reading of transformers with 3 different number of tums ofwire in the seconday coil.Jadual 8.1 menunjukl,,nn bacaan pada transformer dengan tiga bilangan lilitanwayar yang berbeza.

[1 na*][1 narkah].

Lihat

Number of tums / Bilangan lilitan Yoltage / ltoltan

Primary ccil /Gegelung primer

Secondary coil /Gegelung sekunder

Input Voltage /Yoltan input

Output voltage /Voltan output

l0 20 8

10 30 o l8

l0 40 8 24

10 50 8 30

55/2

Table 8.1 / Jadrcl 8.1

-ssry.,

ForExaminer !

Use

sebelahSIJLIT

"'":" 1

. rir 'i9xqminer s

Use

35t2

55t2

(d) State the variable involve in this activity.' ' Nyatakan pembolehubah yang terlibat dalam aktiviti ini.

nsspolding variablePenbolehubah bergerak balas

Manipulated variable

Pembolehubah dimanipulasi

[2 marks]

[2 markahJ

G) 0 Based on the dala in Table 8.1, draw a line graph of the output voltage againstthe number of tums of secondary coilBerdasarkan data dalam Jadual 8.1, Iukiskan graf garis voltan outputmelawan bilangan lilitan gegelung sekunder

[2 marks]

[2 markahJ

Lihat SebebbSTJLIT

SI'LIT

Based on the line graph drawn ia 8(e)(i), state one relationship batween thenrmber of tunrs of wirc in seondsy coil and the ouFut voltageBerdasarkan graf garts yang dilukis di E(e)(i), nyataktn satu hubungandi anlara bilangan lilinn gegelung selwndel dengan vokan output.

[1 ma*]p marlahJ

(0.. State the operational definition of output volt4geNyaulun definisi seeara operasi bagi voltan oupa,

I ma*]fi markahJ

1SD

55n

ForExaminer 3

Use

8(eXii)

Ld

ffiTotal 88

G

(b) 0D TIl€ number ot brrns of wire are mote lhan 5 tums

(b) (iii) Bulb B is bdglter becauss it has Ngher number ot tums ol wire

(c) 12

F.lote: All points ploted conecly = 1 markStlaight line = 'l mark

(e) (iD The higher tr|e number of tum ol wire ol secondary coil, the higher theoutput voltage

J

(f) The outpul voltage is th€-readifg ot the.vottmeler (depends on lhe numbetof tums of Yvire of secondary coil

Stetrup transbrmerTnnsfomet hjakaaik

Step-dom hansbrmerTranstormer inhk4trun

P, Q,R,S

(b) (i) Bulb B is brighbr than Bulb A // Bulb A is dimm€r han Bulb B

Diagram 7 shows the lpparotus sct-up to study the function oftransformer.Rajah 7 menunjuklean mdss untuk mengkajifungsi tansforner.

Diagram 7 I Rajah 7

i5/2 Lihut sebt:lah\t I t'l

,.qJLIT

(a) (i)

(iii)

(iu)

(iD

Based on the observation in Diagram 7, record the readings ofvoltmeter in transformer J and L into Tsble 7.1

Berdasarkan pemerhatian dalam Rajah 7, rekod bacaan vohmeterdi transformer J dan L ke dalam Jadual 7,l

TransformerInput voltage (v)

Voltan InputOutput voltBge (V)

Voltan output

J 10

K l0 20

L l0

Table 7.1 I Jadual 7.1

[ 2 marks ]

Compare the function oftransformer K and transformer L.Bandingkan fungsi transformer Kdan transformer L.

I mark l

Srate the relationship between number of tums on secondary coilandthe value of ouput voltage.

Nyatakon hubungan antara bilangan lilitan pada gegelung sekunderdan nilai volran out put.

I mark ]

Write one inference about the out put voltage of the transformer.Tuliskon satu inferens mengenai yohan oul put pada trans{ormer.

I imark]

55n

i5t1

ForExsrniner'suse

Untuklegunaan

7 (a)

[_]trl

Lihat sebelah

srit"rT

o)

55n

tstar:e thr) var tbles involved in this study.

N;,alalun pl $olehuhah yang terlibat dahm kajian ini.

Pembolehul. th yang dimanipuiasi

ForExrrnincr'sgsc

Untultbgunoanpamerik d

B espondintlPenbolehub

variablezh bergerakbalas

(c) Table'I,2 shows the input voltage and the output voltage ofa transformer.Ja,laal 7,2 mmwjuklan wltan lnput dan volton output pada satu

Input voltage (V)llohan inDut

4.4 1't 5.3 2.8

C)utput voltagr: (V)Voltan output

t3.2 2t.6 U 8.4

Table 7.2 I Jadual 7.2

Prr:dict the our.put voltage U ofthe transformer.Rantalkan v<'han outpul U pada transforner tersebul.

.1.

7(b)

55t2 Lihat sebelah

S ULIT

(d) Diagram 7.2 sh r*s lorrr rransformers P, (), R and S in rhe electrical e Lr rgytransmissiol ar, (listrit)ution system lront a power station to induslrii l, (o.an ilr.]housing arc.r.

Rajah 7.2 ut:.ttt, 't jtkka t (mpat tansformer P, Q, R dan S dotam si.ste t pett1h.tttrtrcn

dan pengeduru,, n:nag t tlektrik dari stesenjanakuusa ke kowosan int.'r,stri, L)u ,:,:ir Lhulpentmahan.

kY

ft-Power station

Slesen jonokuosrtlapangan nris

ll tv

P.h.apo', nit'tt thhto

-tr10 vl,:. i lrsv ffiL- .-.jir*lC

Huu)r / rx'n!/, Io\tnlhanlat

Classify transfbrmcrs P, Q, R and S into lwo groups based on their,:,hara{)t rristic.Kelaskon tran.sformer P, Q, R dan S Lepada dua kumpulan herdasarkcn ti i-cl ittlrt

Transformer:Tt

Step up trans[ormerTranslormer i njak na t l;

Step down transfbrrnerTransfr.trner injak tut r't t

Output voltageJ 14

L8

ii) . Transformer K js to jnsrease outpul voitage but traJtsformer L is to r

decrease output . oltrge. :

iii) If the number o i' tums on secondary coil increase, the dutputvoltage will increLr,e.

iv) Oulput voltage is increase because number of Lums on primary coil

[.] rr urks

2 marks

I nrark

i mark

'| rnark

ll2lv

C lassificat ion

is lolrer than secondarv coil

'\t'.1

lirrl:\xrnirr':l

t

7 (d)

J?]

rat scb€lalr

stJl.tT

(a) DiagramT.l shows the apparatus set-up to study the function ofa step uptransformer.Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkajifungsi tnnsformerinjak naik.

primary coll (10 turnr)gegelung prher (10 lltan)

low Yoltage power packtumber kuasa vottan rcndah

transformer

secondary coll (23 tums)gegelung sekunder (23 ltlan)

(i)

Buib Pmcntol P

Diagram 7.1Rajah 7 .1

Based on Diagram 7.1, slate the difference of the brightness between Bulb Pand Bulb Q.Berdasa*an Rajah 7 .1, nyatakan perbezaan kecerahan antara mentol Pdan mentol Q.

What inference can be made based on Diagram 7.'l .

Apakah inferens yang boleh dibuat berdasarkan Rajah 7 .1 .

| 1 ma*l| 1 narkah I

(ii)

|1narkj| 1 markah I

ForExamine/s

use

7(aXi)

[E7(aXii)

[E

(iii) Based on Diagram 7 .2, recotd the readings of the voltmeter.Berdasarkan rajah 7.2, catatkan bacaan voltmeter

Diagram 7.2Rajah 7 .2

Numberof tums on secondary coil = 23Bilangan lilitan pada gegelang sekunder

Voltmeter reading =Bacaan voftemeter

ll markll1 naftahl

(b) Table 7.3 shows lhe voltmeter reading of different number of turns on the secondarycoil.JadualT ,3 menunjukkan bacaan voltmeter untuk bilangan lilitan berbeza padagegelung sekunder,

Number or turns onthe primary coil

Bilangan lilitan padagegelung pimer

Number of tums onthe secondary coil

Bilangan lilitan padagegelung sekunder

Voltmeter readingBacaan voftmeter

10 410 40 810 60 1210 8010 100 2010 120

Table 7.3Jadual 7.3

V

lLihat sebelah

ForExaminefs

use

7(aXiii)

[E

(i) Based on Table 7.3, predict the voltmeter reading if number of tums on thesecondary coil is 80 and 120. Remrd the reading of voltmeter into Table 7.3Berdasarkan Jadual 7 .3, ramalkan bacaan voltmeter jika bilangan lilitanpada Gegelung sekunder ialah 8Q dan 120. Rekod bacaan voltmeter kedalan JadualT .3

12 marks I12 narkah I

State the variables that involve in this experimentNyalakan pembolehubah yang tedibat dalam eksperiment ini.

Manipulated variableP emboleh ub ah ya ng d ima n ipula si

Responding variablePemboleh u b ah yang be rgerakb alas

12 marksl[2 mad<,ahl

State one hypothesis that can be made from this study.Nyatakan satu hipotesis yang boleh dibuat daripada kajian ini.

a) i) The brighbress of bulb Q ishan bulb P

ii) Bub a brighter than bulb P b€cause the number of tums on thesecondary coil are higher/iBulb Q brighter han bulb P because the higher the number of tumson $e secondary coil, the higher he voltmeter reading.

iii) 4.6 v

b) i) 16,20

ii) lt',lanipuhted: number of tums on the secondary coilResponding : voltfieter reading

iii) the higher tre number of tums on the secondary coil, the higherbo voltmeter reading//As tre number of tums on he secondary coil increase,vollrneter roading reading//The voltrneter reading increase with the number of tums on the

ForExamine/s

use

1m

TOTAL= 8m

(ii)

7(bxi)

[E

7{bxii)E(iii)

1m

2m

1m

2m

7(bxiii)

(D

i

Il1

I.*l

iii)I*_J

iii)

I

SULI f .trt L

8. (rt) Dingra:-n B.l I and Diagrarn [J.12 shorvs trvo models of elecliicity transmission.Rajah 8.I I dan Rajah 8. lJ uentnift*ln dm nodd penghmldftrn tenngd elekh*.

step dov'n lransft)rmottronsJbnner ini uk ttrntr

bulb Brnon!ul lJ

slep up lranslbmte rI r ans/orrt r r itj al: n n i k

Dirgram 8;1Raj(h 8.1

Statc thc difibren* betu,een ihe brightness of bulb A ;ild bulb Il.Nl,atukan perbezaan nniarit ktcerahan ntnial A dan nenk)i B.

ii ,r,,,rr,:1

li aark,th i

\\/r'ite onc inlerencc aborit the t'rigirtness oi the buib.'ftlisktn satu ;ttf arL n.s nt tgr:ntt i *ecerahfth rrtrlloi.

ii*,'rt

(iii) Stale onc r eiadonship betqacn rhe amount of outpur r,oltage and rhc'

briglrtness of the bulb,Nyrnui<nn snfi huhuttgan annru )unluh vahan 1nt1:ttt dtnl i.lt t:t cn ehtin rnrnttl

[1 rnar:k]

ll narlthj

(i)

(iir

ll\ ir c

STJLIT 55i2

Diagram S.2 shows the experiment to study thc rclutionship bctrveen the inputvoltage and the output voltage r.vith the number of tums in the primarv coil andthe nurnber of tums in the sccondary coiiRajah 8,2 uenunjal*an xlu eksperimtn amtk nngloji hubungon antara wlrin input dirnvolkh a px! denyt hilangon lititon gtgelung priner don bilangan lititan gegdung sefunder

0t

(i)

[)iugrr m 8.2Rajrh 3.2

'['he experimcnt js repeated three tintes nrore by using dii]brent number of turnsin thc secondsrJ,coils thar is 20, 30 md 40 rrirns.f.Lsperimet diulong scbunvalt, tiga tali lugi dengsn nptgEtnalwn hilangan liliton .yunt hcr hezohagi Ecgtlalg scliu dtr i.ritu] , i0 anl 40 liliton.

Record the output voltage in the spacc provided.Rttnd vohan ontput tli tlttlan r:tong l,ung tdoh listdidk/w.

Nurnberoltums in primary coil - l0Bilongan lilitun gegehnq pr'incr -- I l)

Numbcr of unrs in secondary coil .- li)Bilngan lilitan gegclung rek$dct - l0Output voltage = 1.0 Vllllan outltxl - l,0Y

C- shape iron corc

Secondsry coilGegelungsekunfur

Ute

FotdmberttI,INt ra_l.ttutw'{Jt

55/2

Number of tums in primary coil = 10llilangan ltlitan grgelung prlner - I0Number ofturns in secondary coil = ?0Bilangan lilitan gogelung sehunder = 20

Output voltage = 2,0 VVoltan outyt - 2,0V

Number of tums in primary coil - l0B qngan.lilitaU gegrhug prtner - I0Number of tums in secondary coii = 30Dilangan lilltan gcgchng tekuadcr = J0

Output voltage =Yoltar outpul -

Number oltums in primsry coil = l0Bilungan lililan gegelunE pimt - IA

Number oflums in secondary coil = 40Bildngan lilitun gegelung scluader = 40

0utput voitage =

"/T\'i

SULIT

Cnmplete Table 8. I hy rccording ltre ouput voltagc on the respsctivc

oumber oftums on lhe secondary coil.Langkrp*an Jodual 8.I dengut nerekadkan volla'/. otttpnt mengikut bllangon gegclung

s ekun dar m as i ng- n a.t htg.

Table 8.1Jndual E.l

[2 marks]{2 ntat tuhJ

Primary coilOegelung primer

Secondary coilGegelung sekundu

Number ofhrms

Bilangon lilitan

lnput voltageVoltar Wxt

Nrrmber ofntrns

Bilatgan liliton

Output voltageY1ftdtl olttFut

l0 2.0 10 1.0

l0 2,0 20

t0 30

l0 2.0 40

Exafiliu'tUtl

8(bxi)

SULIT

Complete Tablc 8.1 by rccording the ouput voltage on the respectivc

number of tums on the secondary coil.Lenghap*an Jaduat 8.1 dengat nerekod*un vo a, |ltlput nongikul hllongdn Segdugs ek?n d a t m as ing-n ds htg.

Primary coilCegehtng priuer

Secondary coilGegehng sekunder

Nuntber ofturns

Bilangot lilitan

Input voltogeVoltan input

Number oftuflrs

Eilangan liliron

Output voltageYolton oulput

l0 2.0 10 1.0

l0 2,4 20 2.0

10 2.0 30

tn ?.0 40

Table 8.1Ja.lual Ll

[2 marks]{2 nntknhJ

Eramlntt'!Ute

8(bxi)

Ure

r(i0-t__l

:iii)Ij

(ii) Based on the date in l'able 8.1, draw a line graph

against the number of turns in secondary coils.Bcrdasar*,n dala pltla Jodual 6.1. lfib graf goris bogib i I ungd n I il it trl getli l *ry : c kvndu.

of the output voltage

t'olton outpu ne !u*un

4,0

3.0

O^

o\>:

Af

403020l0

Numbcr ofturns in sccondarl coilB il angun ! ilitan gegclun g s th'adar

(iii) Based on thc linc graph drn*n in 8 (b) {ii). state one relatiffship berwee n

the output voitage and lhe number of tums in secondary coil.Berdosarkan gral ga s yang dilukiJ diB ft) (ii), nyat(rlan snftt hulryngan untaratvltanontp l denga,i bilun\u lilitan gegtlhng sekunler.

[1 mark]

[2 marks]

{2 narkohl

Stote the rcsponding variablc in this experimenlNyatalan penbolehubah yang b*g*akbalas dalan elspw ncn Int.

.'..'...".'..'.irr#il

fi ndrkahJ

(c) (i) Stale thc operational definition for stcp-up transformer,h'yatolnn delialsi rccara operasl bagl trawform* lntn:h natk

ll nurklI I narlah]

. l-otEranl 4tN

Vt

sft)(iv)

sGXi)

llttSULIT 55n

Diagram 8.3 shr:''vs ln ciectrical lransmission and dislribution systenr

'.vhich involved four uansformcrs, P, Q, R and S.

Rajah 8.J nentnjuk*un $irlru lengha larsn tlun petgagihan tl.'kttik 1'ang nelihatkan

{rhl,df tftnsft)rtrt:r P, P, R rlur .T .

l3zkv

33kV

('i)

conr mcrcialartd

industrieshousing arcakgrt!1.tanperumaltan

Diagrurn 8.3Rnjah 8.3

J U.l-t t, 5:,i I

Based on the operational definition ofstep rrp transfonner in c( i),classify transformer P, Q, R and S in Diagram 8.3 based on type ol'transformer.Eedasmkan defnisi :;ecsra operdsi hagi tans{orner injo* naih dalam c ft), telashan

trarclorner P, 8 R dak S dalan Rajah 8.3 berdasukan.ltnls rrmsforner.

[2 narks]{1 nu +thl

ClassificationPengkelawn

TransformerTran-:former

Step up transfornrsr7'r o n sJ ornt er i nj a k n ai k

Stcp down tro:rsfomterTr dns-{or nvt i ni d * turun

Lltr

Jumlah

n

8(cXiD

8. {a) (i) IlLrlLr ll is brightel rhrrr [lLlb Atr4ehlol B llbih tereitg Llaripada mentol A

l

(ii) BulLr t] is brighter bccause thc transformcr increascs thq output vclltag€Irfentol B lebilt terong kerana tansformer meningkatkan voltan outpu!

l

(iii) 1'he bigger the outpur voltage , the brighter the bulbf3ry,(yrlgggr' r1r/tr|t output, senakin terah( nydlaan entol

i

( tr) (i)

2

I'rimary coil Secondary coilNunrber of turns hrput voltaqe Nunber of tums Output vo

IO 2.0 10 1.0l0 7.0 2Q 2.0t0 2.0 30 3.0l0 2.0 40 4,0

(ii)

:_0

l..], :

?:

f.i l0

r'0

l0 50

\ttmb.r of tulni in s.condaq'coil2 iidr,Eat liltian Ee'g l!'tg :ttlnda,

/

':.i 7,,,

/,

2(l norkuhulA semra

narkoh lguntuk

got isan

( iii) The bigger the number of turns in secondary coil, ttre Uiggei ttreoutput voltage.Senal in besar bilanEsn lilitan gegelung sehrnder, semakin besar voltan ourntt.

(iv) Output voltage / Voltrneter readingVoltan outpt t I Bacaln voltmeter

(c) (i) Step up transformer is the reading of output voltage-ngyfuyg_ASlyik idl oh bagaan t oltsn aout put

&

l

L.

ClassificationPenpkelosan

JransformerTransfctrmcr

Step up translormerTt anl;for n e r i nj a k na i k P

Ste p dolrr transtbrmer7r r:;t.tfornu injak tunu Q, r{, s

l2 marksl[2 narkahJ

53l2

Olaoram 5.1 sho$6 a mod€l of a dnplo lrEnsiornor.Ral;h 5.1 nFnudunan ,c,lu nt,del trandomet dngkas.

Linrlnatea c-alupea kon coloTeE,t bed lf/r,tuk C bedamh@

aCrll SGelung S

Dlsgram 5. tRalah 5'1

(a) Whldr coll16 fl€ pllmaty coil? G|r€ 6 t€€son.' ' Geh E nl€lnakah |i'arupaken gelung primerT Ded s6tu s36€b-

Jawapan

Rgason :

So!€6

(b)

J'#.HiSt"t U,e Ometonc. in fre bdohln63 ot bulb P snd Q ln D{ag.am 5.1. aNn&,ta,n peftezf,an dal segl koc',|€han ments/ P dan Q dalam R4ah 5.1.

(c) What ls rn686ufu by tl6 vdtn€rer ln Dlag.lm 5.1?AFkah yarq datlaa oleh vdaf'eler dam Ralah 5.1?

r narkl11 na*ahl

[1 mark]11 na*ah)

ssn I Llh.t h.ltman r€bolah

5512

(d) Diagram 5.2 6ho$6 lh€ olscitldty i€nsmlsslon and dlstrlbutlon ql!t6m.Raleh 5,2 nanunlukl.an slslem panghantatan dan pengdglhan tenaga oloktrik,

Olagram 5.2Releh 5.2

ClrcJe J, K or L ln Diggrarn 5.2,rfi€r6 the transfomer ln Diagram 5.1 isp{acod.Bulalkan J, K alau L pada R46h 5.2 dl ntsne tans/onl€t dalam R4ah 5.1diletakkan.

[1 mark]11 na*ah)

€xplain h€ importanc€ ot transformor in Oiag6m 5.1 to th€ sFt6m inDiaglam 5.2.Tgnngkan kapontingan tnnstofirer daldm Rejah 5.1 kepada sislem ddlamRalah 5.2.

Stab on9 adv8nbge.r{ lhe Natiorral Grid Notv,ork.Nyatokan salu kah&ll€h Ranglqlan Gdd Ndsional.

[2 ma.ks]12 ne*dhl

o

o

(i)

(ii)

(€)

[i mark]' 11 n'€'tehl

(a)

R€ason:.Because coil R is connected to the input voltage//power packAloson: Kerono gelung R disombungkon kepado vokoi input//beioton kuosa

Eulb Qis brighterthan butb p//Butb p is dimmer than butb eMentol.Qlebih tercng beftonding nentot p//Mentotp tebih molop berbondingmentolQOutp ut voltage//volta n output /keluaran//vo ltan mere nta s i eVoltan m€ntolQ

(b)

(c)

(d) (i)

(iil To increase thevoltage p1

U ntuk the n i ngk otko n votto nTo prcvent enerSy lost //to reduce the current p2

Untuk mengelokkon kehilongon tenoqo//untuk me ngurongkon arus elektrik

Any two answersMonoanona dud jowopon

Electrical energy supply can be planned acco.ding to specific needsEekolon tenogo elektik boleh diftncong nengikut kepe uon teftent!Or; Electrical energy supply is not lnte.rupted if anv oflhe sieri^^. h.. - (-^-r.r

(e)

Diagram 4 shows a lransformer.Rajah 4 menunjukkan sad! transforrner.

hpdwltageWhriqnd

{}tlqlrrtrsltrgeUotfr^oqtt

(o)

Diagram 4Rajah 4

What is the function of tra$forme,?A paka h fu n gs i, rcnsfo r m er ?

ll markjll narkahl

What is the type of transforuer shown?Apal.,ah jenb traasforner yang ditunjul*at?

ll narkl[1 markahl

On Oiugram l, tatet primary coil and secoodary coil.Pdda Rajah 4, labell@n gegelung primer dan gegelung selander.

12 marksl

12 natkohl

In Table 4, compare a step-up t'aDsfoader and a step-down transfodner,Dolomjadual di bawah, bandinglcan lranslomer injak naik dan rronsfomet iniak

(r)

G)

(d)

4 (a)

* any onc answer

Step-up (transformer)

lhnu.'r corl

lntd roltrgi

Step-upransfomrerTransforme r

injak naik

Step.do\^,ntransformer

$modrr.r coil(tglu1r{adcr

rolu$qd!'r o.lt!,

I.r ocrease the input voltagdii.OuFut voltagc is higher than the

input voltage/

nutnbcr of tums in lhc Primarycoil less than sccondarY coiV

iv.

number of turns in the secondarymorc coii

l.

.decrcase thc inpur voltagcy'll.

Dcvice for changing the voltagc ofart altcrnsting surn$t //lncreasc or dccrcasc the voltage of a'l lhemating curEnt

'a

Quc$tlon'Soolon

Mark SchcmcSkama Pznarkahai

MrrkrMa ah

l|1.

rr umbcr 0f tums in lhc primarycoil morc than secondary coil/

iv.t, umbcr of tums in the secondary

coil lcss than ffimary coil

'any oae ans'rcrtrtutt corrFre $i h thc samc chotoLteristic

TOT^L 6

SULIT s5n

Diagram 4.1 shows an electrical energy generator.

Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan san penjana lenaga elektrik-

dynamolurbinct''/,tbin clcctric

F|lsmi3sion

pcncdlrdt gclzttri*

tu€lbahanbakar

$4trCr SOUtCa

stmber airDiagram 4.1Rajah 4.1

(a) Name the type of el€ctrical €nergy generator a.s shown in Diagran 4.1.Na natanjents penjana tenrya elelarik yang diu4iukkan dalamRajah 4.1.

I I mark ][ | narkah ]

(b) Name the fuel used to operate the generator.

Ncmckan bahan api yang boleh digunakon untukjanakuasa tersebutberoperasi.

(c) Name the part in the g€nerator that generates electricity.Nanalcan bahagian dolam penjana lersebul yang menjana tenaga elebrik

I I ma*][ | narkohl

I I mark J

[ | narlah I

I Lihat sebclah

SULITI

ssn,

ForExamincr's

Usc

Untu**eguaotpemiriksa

4{a)

E4(b)

tE

ForExemincr's

Usc

SULITi

5521

(d) Write thc encr5r changas involved in 6e generator.Tuliskan perubalan bennk rcnaga yang t*libat dalam penjana tersebut.

(c) Namc aaother clcctricsl eo€(gy gc,ncralfi vAich has the saure cnergychaages as wdttca in 4 (d).Berlkm, rurra solu penjana tenaga elefuik ),@tg )ung mempeVaiperubahan bentuL tetaga seperti 1rury ditullskan dalam 4(d).

Iltna*]1 l n afthl

Untuktzgonotpear,riksa

4(d) li

I

l*rtr,T

IiI!.iI

[2mds[2 nokah

5Sn STJLIT .

Utz

4(bxi)

m

4(a)

4(bxii)

SI'LIT

4 Diagram 4-l shows a type of transformer.

Rajah 4.I menunjukkan sejenis transformer.

55n

Power supplyBekalon kuasa

Bulb PMentol P Bulb Q

Mentol Q

Diagram 4.1

Rajah 4.1

(a) 'Niine the type of transformer shown in Diagram 4'I'

N'anakanjenis tranSformer yang ditunjukkan pada Rajah 4' I '

F tnatklfl narkahJ

(bXi) Based on i)iagram 4. i , which br:lb is brighter wben the switch is on?

Beriasarkan Rajah 4.1, mento! yang manakah lebih terang bila suis dihidupl"an?

(ii) Give one reason for the answer in 4(bXi).

. Beri saru sebab hagi jowapan di 4@(i).

I na*]I I norkahJ

I I in'ark]

I I markahJ

SULIT

Eozao

SULIT 55T2

(") Diagram 4.2 shoras a television set which is used for 8 hours every day for 30days.

Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan sebuoh televisyen yang digunaknn selama 8 jam sehariselama 30 hari.

Diagraro, 4.2

. .Rajah 4.2

Calculate the elecrical energy use{ by.the television set.

Hitung tenaga elebrit yang digunaknn oleh televisyen itu.

Use the formu'la : Energy (kS&) = Power ftW) x Time (hour)

Guna formula Tenaga (kWh) = Kuasa (kfl x Masa (jan)

I mark]

fl markohl

SIJLIT5sn

185 W, 240 V

a(cXi)

lJc -

a(cXii)

E4(d)

---l_iITotaI

A4E

SULIT't a\ . 5512

[i) calculate lhe total cost of electrical energy used if the cost of onc rmit is RM 0'21'

HitungkanjumlahkostenagaeleltikyangdigwakmjikakosseuniladalahRM 0.21.

I mark]p markahJ

-(d) State the first step to be taken when someone experiences an electric shock?

Nyataka'tlangkahpelanayangperludianbilapabilaseseorangmengalamirenjatan elefrtik-

-..'... ""r'.':"".''-""""'I ma*]

[] markahl

SI]LIT

Use

4(bxi)

m4(bxii)

[E

I

SULIT

4 Diagram 4.1 shows a tlpe of transformer.Rajah 4. I menunjukkan sejenis tlansformer.

Diagram 4.1Rajah 4.1

(a) Name the type of transformer shown in Diagram 4.1.

Namakan jenis transformer yang ditunjukkan pada Rajah 4. l.

(bXD

(ii) Give one reason for the answer in 4(b)(i).

Beri satu sebab bagi jrnuapan di 4(b)(i).

rstnnt r\1'[q{ h {t\t tn$q,q Oi[ .trr 1'nc hr\b Q.

-- rr\\UQt

.fu.\r..4..tr.qni.tnrr.ng..if..-bisr!s$..1;L.rt..nq:11. lq!,hr\,rl....)/

55/2

Power supplyBekalan kuasa

I mark]p markahJ

[1 mark]markahl

I mark]

fi markahl

STJLIT

Jozan

SULIT SsN

(c) Diagram 4.2 shows a television set which is used for g hours every day for 30days.

Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan sebuah televisyen yong digunakan serama B iam sehariselama 30 hari.

(i)

Diagram 4.2Rajah 4.2

Calculate the electrical energy used by the television set.

l{itung tenaga elektrik yang digunakan oleh televisyen itu.

Use the formula :

Gunaformula

Energy (kWh) : Power (kW) x Time (hour)

Tenaga (kWh) = Kuasa 1kW) x Masa (jam)

Etrtrgg (kW\)

tntgg 11t151 -- lo,oer tV\N) x \trnt (hour)

= L\tI,\,.l i \o0o) x Lthoull \ lo')

E{\etq$ CLW\)= o'\&5YW * 1[o hourt

Enrgg tlw\) = 44'{ iWh',,

b\$g$ rrtgl ir +t. \ k\{\ . .,,'

I mark]p markahJ

185 W,240 V

55t2 SULII'

Use

a(cXi)r-l_t]j

lLl

Use

4(c)(ii)

4(d)

SULIT :1r 55t2

(iD Calculate the total cost of electrical energy used if the cost ofone unit is RM 0.21.

' Hitungkan jumlah kos tenaga elektik ydng digunaknn jika kos seunit adalahRM 0.21.

En*qq $e0 \s [t't ktNh

Entt0U [kWh) x Co{t ohg

r R\r\o't\

qntt (rN,ll

= 44-1kN\

lrtn\ crr{ , fqq.h

[1 mark]p markahl

(d) State the first step to be taken when someone experiences an electric shock?

Nyatakan langkah pertama yang perlu diambil apabila seseordng mengalamirenjatan elektrik.

Ihr frrsl ftet i0 !(' tqten b,Md\ {otnto$€ exlrtrer((t qn e\c(ttrc $'0& b

^i* tt* "tt *g. ru,O t*-fi$l ffi1.$(.q.r!!..jLq-utqrtqr..9r,-.r9t1........(.6, .. ri '".'r.tl-/ ll markahJ

Tolqt et\

To\ql co{\

5512 1: SULIT'

SULIT

Soft iron coreTeras besi lembur

55t2

I l'rnarks ]

Outpul voltageVoltan output

Wire coil S

Gelung wuy-a,

Lihat sebe l:r lr

SULIl'

6. Diagrarn 6.1 shows parts of the electrical power transmission system.

Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan sebahagian sisrem penghantaran renaga elektrik ,

275 kV or 500 kVTransmissionSystem

lr kv

S!vitch zoneand

tranformersrationPYlons

Diagrarn 6. I

( a ) Based on Diagram 6.1 , state the role of transfbnner station p.

Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1 , nyatakan peranana transhrnter p.

(b) Diagram 6.2 shows part of a rransformer

Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada transfornter.

lnput voltageVokan input

Wire coil RGelung wayar R

National Grid Network

132 kv

Porverstat ion

Transtbrmersta(ioo

Diagram 6.2

SULIT i,1 55,'7

Based on Diagram 6.2, explain how does the transformer shown above can be converted

into a step-dorvn transtbrmer and a step- up transformer respectively.

Btrda.sarkun llcjuh 6.2 , terangku bagaimana transformer yang ditunjukkan di atas boleh

diubah kepudu lransJbrmer injuk turun dan transformer injak naik.

a. Step-rrp trans{brnrer | 'franslbrmer injaknaik]

b. Step-down transformer f Transformer injak turun J

[ 2 marks ]

( c ) i. Ifone ofthe power stations is closed for repair, what will happen

to the elecrrical porver supply in this area ?

Jika salah satu stesenjanakuasa ditutup untukdibailEulih. Apakah yang akcn

berlaku kepada bekalan kuasa elektik di sekitar kawasan tersebut?

Ilmark]

ii. Explain your reason in c ( i )Terangkan jawapan anda di c ( i ).

! mark l

Lihat sebela h

SULIT

SU LIT55i l

Pnn)ary coil

d. Diagrarn 6 3 shows a transfornier bLrirr b1,a group ofsrudents in the laboratory.Rajah 6 3 menunjukkan sebuah trans{ornter yang dibina oreh sekttntpulan peLajar crinalonal.

sccondary

Diagram 6.3.

l'able l.l shorvs the results ofthe acriviries.

Jadual l. I menunjuk*an keputusan cluripatla ahivii mereka.

Type of transformer

Jenis transformer

Number of tums

Bilangan lilitan

Priman coil Secondary coii

Gegelung printer I Gegelung sekuntler

Step-down transformer

Transfor mer i nj ak tur un

Srep - up transformer

Traruformer injak -naik

l-ai,le I.lBasedon the result inTabre l.l, *'rrich burb is brighrer if rhe nunrber ofrunrs i^the primary coil is morethan the number of turns in the secondary coil.?Berdasorkan Jadua! I . I , mentol manakah yang lebih cerah jika bilangan lilitandalam gegelung primer lebih besar berbanding bilangan lilitan dalam gegelungsekunder.?

Ilmar]i,l

Lihat sebe lahSULiT

s u Ll't'

rlllrl

It.

i5

Explain your answer in d ( ii ).

Terangkan jawapan anda di d ( ii ).

Ilmark]

iii. What rvill happen to the brightness of bulb Q ifthe number ofturns in

" the secondary coil increases ?

Apukah yang berlaku pada kecerahan mentol Qjika bilangan lilitan gegelung

sekunder bertambah ?

I mark ]

Lihat sebelahSULIT

Porf,xadlnaf't Ul!l;nt!* kg,ie,

$rul 5S/1

Thc time suggcsted m gtswcr lhi! scrtioa lr 30 &luul!t,Maw yong dtco,lang\an u^tuk MsnJawab balpglw lni ialah 3A nnhla,

Dihglm 7.1 showr r rimplifiod diE$lfi of thc componcnt! in lhc clccricitytranimirsion rnd digttibution !ysi.m. Tansformar P, Q R ald S arc concrcted

to rai5€ or Edu$ dr vohagc wpplicd in thc nationsl nctwo* lyrtcm.Rqjah 7 ,l nenuJ&kza rltgkatan konpncn tlrtcn lxngktnlant dan

paagcduua ulel,lrik Transfonw-tran{omvr P, Q, R daa S dkonbung unruk

nrnlngftatkan ular mcntwcngtrln wltan Sang dlbekalkan &l@fl rittonrangbian nuloaal.

Powvr StrtlonSta\cn larpkuala

r lkv)

(275kV)

(240v)

Grid NaworkRong'.al PencowangKeborytoal

Hlrvy kxlu3lricrIndurtrl berqt(31 l\4

Fd!5IE:E{l8

:!!IrQ'

i3'R.!Ell!0:l!

PcjaMt(240v1

Selool!&fo/otlcr{0v)

Diagnm 7,IRaJshl,l

SB*n lrrsrrolS

I Lthrt rbclebSULN

Light lndusrrics

a&II 55n

Bucd on yrur obrcnnrio[ in Disg$n ?. I idcnti$ thc type of tnmfonntrrcpnrattd by P, Q, & rnd S.

Benlatuhn Fdct*otion anfu dqlan Rcjoh 1,1, lcndl4tri j.nlsuoutornt yng divorbli a/eir f , Q, R, &a S.

TrrnfcmcrTranlmts

T1tro of ranrformcrJcnls mnsfornut

P

aR

s

[ 4 nartr I| 4mtuhl

Two rushmcl! n.tft .ct-up by r aNdont r! thown in Dirgrltn ?.2. Bolhtnrllfomcn havc thc mc numbcr of fimr ln ihc Drimary coil. thcsnd.nt ob{crurd ftlt thc bulb ln Shunion A i! bdghl6.Du toqlsrrw dsdlaln olch tcowrg pclaJn scpenl fulon nqJah 7.2,Ke&n4u ttstdomo ltu n.'|Pffir'tJl b

''Bon lillton )qng tema dalun

gsgchnt Ffna, Pelalar llu nrodapti nefltol daldtt ,ihcli A lebih cerahnyalaanryo.

Dir3ra[ ?,2Rqjsh 1.2

I llbtt r.b.httut{t

(r)

(b)

I,

Secondrry coll h$ nlny 7 tumrAcgphng tchndct n4E pnwt 7

nUnn

Stcondrry coil hrr 3 turarQcgchng sckuder n.npuryal IIutcn

FnrErmb.r't ur(U,,,tvt t tufiut

SULIT 53ll

What infcrcnce can be modc bescd on Diagram 7.2 ?

Apakah inferens yang bolth dibuat krdosarkqn Ralah 1 ,2?

I lmuklI Lra.,lni ]

(tl) Ststc thr conrrsnr varlablc in thir *pcrimcnt.Nyualaa pembolehufuh dlnalarkan dalan chpcrinen ini.

'ii;;;kll1 na*ahl

FotExlniiaa't Ur!llnn| hgloloar

7(sXi)

(ili) B.tcd on tho Diagrsm ?.?, ld.nti0 rho r'"c ottlan3hrmcr in ujedin siluation A and 8.Rerdasmhn Rajth 7.2, k nalpla jenls trauforneryvngdlgxaakan dalan sltuasl Adan E.

Situation,illo.ri

Tlpc of tranrformrJent lmnslonner

B

l2ns*sll2 nqrkuh)

I Llhat rcbchhSULIT

?(a[ii)

S Ut,IT

(r) Disgnn 8.1 shows tlE EppcBtus scFup to study lhe function ofa sGp up

lrsnsformcr,Raj<rh 8.I nenuiukhn susuan radas untul mengkaJi .fungti trawfornet injak

prirwy coil ( t0 runtr)gegelxnt pnnrct l l0l in|t)

lo$ \'oltoge powrr packsuubcr tualo rokat rcndoh

DUIb Pmetrol P

lccondul' coil ( :i tums)gegtlulg tekundu t]3 lilftdnt

BLred on Diagrqm 8.1, slale rhe ditferencc ot rhc brieh(ness betwcen Bulb P

snd Bulb Q.Eerduotkan Rqiah 8. I nyarolon perbe:aun kegerohat anara mentol P danentol Q.

;i) whEt inflnnc€ crn b€ made brscd on Di{gram 8.IApakoh infercn yang boleh dibuot bardarcrlan Raiah 8.I

Bulb Qnnntol Q

i)

C, shrped i!o[ corc

55n

Uatu\

t,ihut SehclahSULIT

SULIT

iii) Baicd on Diagram E,2, rcc!.d the resdings ofthc voltmetcr.Berdasarton RoJoh &.2, catothan bacoon vollmetet.

DiagBm 8.2

Rujah 8.2

Numbcr oftumJ on second&.y coil = 23Bllonpn lil an llodo Eegelung sekunder = 23

Bacadn vohmetcr =,.,...... .. ....-... ....VBacoan voltneter r , ,,,..,,., I'

'l ablc E.) shows thc voltmeler reading of d;llerent number of runrs on the

secondary coil.,ladual 8.2 acnunjuktan bu(uan |olheter wtuk bilongan lilitd^ ttctbeza padoge ge lung! stkurder.

Tablc 8.2Jadwl 8.2

Numbcr of tumr on thcprimlry coil

Bilangon lilitan padogegelung primer

Number oftums on lhcsccsodary coil

Bilangan lilitan padagegelutg sekunder

Volrmeter reading

Bacoon volrmeter

l0 20 4

t0 40 6

l0 60 l2

t0 80

Lihat ScbclalrSIJI-IT

SULIT

Based on Trble t.4, pndict lhc voltmctr rclding for numbcr ot tums on thesccondlry coil is 80.

Budanrkan Rojah 8.1, ronollon fucoan lolinet$ unru* bilangan lilitan pwlo .

C.gelurlg sckunder ialsh t0

llms*l(o Shte dre vulsblcs thot inrolve in this cxpciimenl

Nyotobtn pzabolchubah yang tetllbat dalon cbry aen !ni.

i) Manlpulst.! varilblcP en bolehubah yng dinani pulas i

Xespondrng variableP e n b o I c h uLtt h yang b er gera lbal as

iii) Controlledvariablepen bol ehuboh yang dlma larLan

I I msrlc I

Bascdon fable 8.2 draw a graph ol voltrnetar rerding againlt numberoftuntson rhe seccndrry coil.Betalarat kDl Jadtol 8.1, lulais gaI hacaan vott,heter melhtan bilangan lilita

pooo gegeluag sehtnder

ii)

('j )

55n

exsmin.r's

8(b)

m

iJ(c)

[;]L l'l

Lihrr ScbcluhSULIT