Implement a Image Evaluation System of Gait Analysis for Spinal

Cord Injury Rats

建立脊髓損傷大白鼠 步態分析的影像評估系統

Presenter : Shiao – Chen Wang Advisor : Pei – Jarn Chen

2012.05.16

Outline• Introduction

• Purpose

• Papers Review

• Material and Methods

• Results and Discussion

• Conclusion

• Future works

• References

Introduction ( 1 / 7 )

• Spinal Cord Injury

• Incidence of 40 new cases per million people

throughout the world each year

• Mean age : 28.6 years old

• Sensory and autonomic dysfunctions, the degree of

which is characteristic for the severity of the SCI

Pictures form " http://www.firstthings.com/blogs/secondhandsmoke/2008/05/05/exercise-machine-trains-brain-of-paralyzed-woman-to-walk/ "

Introduction ( 2 / 7 )

• Use Aneurysm-clip with spinal cord damage

• Destruction of  parts : T7 、 T8

Cervical VertebraeThoracic Vertebrae

Lumbar VertebraeSacral Vertebrae

Pictures form " http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray_111_-_Vertebral_column-coloured.png “ & "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gray_111_-_Vertebral_column-coloured.png"

Introduction ( 3 / 7 )

• Experimental studies of pharmacology, neuropathology and pathophysiology commonly measure the motor function of rats.

• The behavioural performance can be used as an index for neural disease process or therapy efficiency.

Introduction ( 4 / 7 )

Measurement methods

Locomotor tests

Sensory tests

Sensory motor tests

Motor tests

Primary open-field tests BBB test Automated walkway test Footprint analysis test

Inclined plane Limb hanging test Limb grip strength test

Cold sensitivity-based tests Withdrawal reflexes Rope walk testing Narrow beam test Foot slip test

Primary open-field tests BBB test Automated walkway test Footprint analysis test

Pictures form " Methods for behavioral testing of spinal cord injured rats "Pictures form " An inclined plane system with microcontroller to determine limb motor function of laboratory animals"Pictures form " Methods for behavioral testing of spinal cord injured rats "

Introduction ( 5 / 7 )

• BBB test• Basso, Beatie and Bresnahan Test

• Two or three researchers as a group and

record score, then average theses cores

• BBB Score

Introduction ( 6 / 7 )

• BBB Score

Scores from 0 to 7( Indicate the return of isolated movements in the

hip 、 knee and ankle joints )

Scores from 8 to 13 ( Indicate the return of paw placement and

coordinated movements with the forelimbs )

Scores from 14 to 21 ( Show the return of toe clearance during stepping, predominant paw position , trunk stability and tail position )

Introduction ( 7 / 7 )

Pictures form "http://sunpointworld.com/products.php?csn=3&sn=13"

Papers Review ( 1 / 2 )

• Length : 42 cm

Wide : 8.2 cm

Form : Functional evaluation of peripheral nerve regeneration in the rat : walking track analysis , Journal of Neuroscience Methods 108 (2001) 1-9

Papers Review ( 1 / 2 )

PL : distance from the heel to the third toe

TS : distance from the first to the fifth toe

ITS : distance from the second to the fourth toe

Papers Review ( 1 / 2 )

Print Length Factor

Sciatic Function Index-formula

Toe Spread Factor

Intermediary Toe spread Factor

(EIT - NIT)/NIT(EPL –NPL)/NPL (ETS–NTS)/NTS

ExperimentalPrint Length

Normal Print Length

ExperimentalToe Spread

NormalToe Spread

ExperimentalIntermediary Toe

NormalIntermediary Toe

0 Normal-100 Transection of the sciatic nerve

Papers Review ( 2 / 2 )

Form : Automatic analysis of altered gait in arylsulphatase A-deficient mice in the open field , Behavior Research Methods , 2009, 41 (3), 787-794

Papers Review ( 2 / 2 )

• From three color bands , the following grayscale image was calculated , enhancing the pixels with a strong red color

Papers Review ( 2 / 2 )

• Distinguish footprint

errorcorrect

Pictures form "Automatic analysis of altered gait in arylsulphatase A-deficient mice in the open field"

Papers Review ( 2 / 2 )

Forelimb distance

Hindlimb distane

Right limb distance

Left limb distance

Left Fore limb Stride

Right Fore limb Stride

Left Hindlimb limb Stride

Right Hindlimb limb Stride Pictures form "Automatic analysis of altered gait inarylsulphatase A-deficient mice in the open field"

Purpose• Use a camera to analyze animal behavior

• Combination of the BBB scores and gait parameters to measure the rat activity behavior

• Provide an objective scoring and high reliability by designed computer assistant system

Material and Methods

Material and Methods

Material and Methods

• Analysis of side scan

Convet RGB to YCbCr

Material and Methods

• Analysis of side scan

Find center of mark

Material and Methods

• Analysis of side scan

Calculate the angle

Material and Methods

• Analysis of bottom scan

Find body and limbs

Material and Methods

• Analysis of bottom scan

Median filter

18 19 18 20 21

19 155 20 21 21

20 19 21 20 19

19 20 21 160 18

17 19 22 20 19

18 18 19 19 19 20 20 21 155

中值

18 19 18 20 21

19 19 20 21 21

20 19 21 20 19

19 20 21 160 18

17 19 22 20 19

胡椒鹽式雜訊

Material and Methods

• Analysis of bottom scan

Otus

Material and Methods

• Analysis of bottom scan

Find center of body and limbs

Results and Discussion

Results and Discussion

Results and Discussion

Results and Discussion

Results and Discussion

Results and Discussion

Results and Discussion

Results and Discussion

Conclusion• The developed system

• Advantage Low cost Use a camera that can analyze all the

patterns of behavior  images for rats Reduce the effect of subjective

consciousness and human factors

• Defect Frames / sec is not enough Marker in the error order while big

movement

Future works• More data Collection

• To improve the hardware

• Annular animal cage

References• Methods for behavioral testing of spinal cord injured rats , Jirˇı´ Sˇ edy´ a,b, Lucia Urdzı´kova´ a,b, Pavla

Jendelova´ a,b, Eva Sykova´ a,b , Received 15 March 2007; received in revised form 9 August 2007; accepted 3 October 2007

• Automatic analysis of altered gait inarylsulphatase A-deficient mice in the open field , Toon Leroy, Stijn Stroobants , Jean-Marie Aerts , Rudi D’Hooge, and Daniel Berckmans , Behavior Research Methods , 2009, 41 (3), 787-794

• Functional evaluation of peripheral nerve regeneration in the rat : walking track analysis , Artur S.P. Varejfio a,* Marcel F. Meek b Antdnio J.A. Ferreira °, JoS.o A.B. Patricio d Antdnio M.S. Cabrita e , Journal of Neuroscience Methods 108 (2001) 1-9

• An inclined plane system with microcontroller to determine limb motor function of laboratory animals, Ming-Wen Chang, Ming-Shing Young, and Mao-Tsun Lin, Journal of Neuroscience Methods., 168: 186–194, 2008.

• Robotic Assessment of Locomotor Recovery in Spinal Contused Rats , J.A.Nessler,D.J.Reinkensmeyer,

K.Sharp,E.Kwak1,K.Minakata,R.D.DeLeon,26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS

• Robot Applied Stance Loading Increases Hindlimb Muscle Mass and Stepping Kinetics in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury, Jeff A.Nessler, Moustafa Moustafa-Bayoumi, Dalziel Soto, Jessica E. Duhon, Ryan Schmitt, 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS

Thank you for your attention !!