implementation and assemplingof a small wind turbine
TRANSCRIPT
Implementation And Assembling Of A Small
Wind Turbine
Senior Design Project (2)Academic Year 2015/2016
Team MembersRayan A. Hameed
Abdulrahman S. AlqahtaniFahad H. Almalki
Supervised byDr. Mohammed Salah
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Outlines Abstract Motivations and Importance Problem Statement and Objectives Challenges and Technical Problems System Description System Components Modeling and Simulation Conclusions
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Abstract
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Motivations and ImportanceA great demand has been increased recently for renewable energy in Saudi Arabia due to the environment damage caused by fossil fuels. Renewable energy is certainly safer for the environment has a great positive impact on economy.
Renewable Energy is (1) Sustainable, (2) Global, and (3) Essentially NON-polluting
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Environmental Impact
Economic Impact
Society Impact
Project Impacts
Motivations and Importance
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Problem Statement and Objects
ProblemComponents of wind turbine system were bought from China and currently available in the lab but their specifications are unknown (no manuals or any documents)
Solution and ObjectivesPerform scientific conclusion to:1. Assemble and integrate the components in order to operate the
system components in harmony2. Install appropriately the mechanical parts3. Wiring appropriately the components with the control panel and
other parts4. Understand how the wind energy is converted to electricity
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Challenges and Technical Problems
1. All components available in the lab are unlabeled and specifications are unknown. We had to deal with black boxes. No manuals, datasheets, specifications and instructions were available.
2. Mechanical installation was unknown since no instructions of assembly were ever existed.
3. Schematic of control circuit / panel was not available.
4. It was difficult to download the control program (not accessible).
5.Assembly of mechanical components (poles, generator and base) was difficult since components do not fit exactly with each other (made in china). Difficult in manufacturing the components.
6. Significant delay in getting the concrete base ready for turbine installations.
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Wind direction statistical data for the city of Tabuk
JANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDEC0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
WIND PREVAILING DIRECTION
2012 2013 2014 2015
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Wind direction statistical data for the city of Tabuk
JANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDEC0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Wind Mean Speed
2014 2015
MONTHS
KNOT
S
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Wind Turbine System – Description
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Wind Turbine System – Description
Preliminary block diagram of a wind turbine power system
θ ω
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Wind Turbine System – Description
Standard power curve for 15kW wind turbine
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Wind Turbine System – Components Tower and Foundations
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Nacelle and drivetrain
Wind Turbine System – Components
Spiral Bevel Gear
Side View 1 Side View 2 Side View 3
GeneratorYaw
Motor
Gear Box
Connection Box
Speed Sensor (Proximity Type)
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Nacelle and drivetrain – Yaw motor
Wind Turbine System – Components
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Nacelle and drivetrain – Wind SensorsWind Turbine System – Components
Output : 4 – 20 mAWind speed range : 0.5 – 50 m/s
Output : 4 – 20 mAWind direction range : 0 – 360
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Hub assembly and main shaft
Wind Turbine System – Components
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Battery and Electrical Load
Wind Turbine System – Components
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Control Panel Wind Turbine System – Components
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Wind Turbine System – Components Control Panel
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Control Panel – Preliminary CircuitWind Turbine System – Components
Very Nasty
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Modeling and SimulationWind Turbine Dynamic Model
The power in the wind is proportional to the area of windmill being swept by the wind, The cube of the wind speed, The air density - which varies with altitude, The formula used for calculating the power in the wind is shown below:
(1)
Where, P is power in watts (W), ρ is the air density in kilograms per cubic meter (kg⁄m^3 ), A is the swept rotor area in square meters (m^2), V is the wind speed in meters per second (m⁄s ).
𝑃=½ 𝜌 𝐴𝑉 3
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Modeling and SimulationWind Turbine Dynamic Model
The aerodynamic rotor power is dependent on the available wind power and the power coefficient. The power coefficient is a function of two variables: the tip-speed ratio () and the blade pitch angle (). The rotor power of the wind turbine, Paero (t)∈ R can be defined as
(2) Paero=½𝐶𝑝 ( λ , 𝛽)𝜌 𝐴𝑉 3
where ρ ∈ R is the air density, A ∈ R is the rotor swept area, V(t)∈ R is the wind speed, Cp (⋅) ∈ R denotes the power coefficient of the wind turbine, (t)∈ R is the trip-speed ratio and ( ) is the pitch angle and it’s 𝛽constant.
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Modeling and SimulationWind Turbine Dynamic Model [1]
The tip-speed ratio, λ(t), is defined as
(3)
The rotor power, Paero (t), can also be written as
(4)
Aerodynamic torque applied to the rotor by the wind. An expression for can be derived from (2)-(4) as
(5)
λ=𝜔 𝑅𝑉
Paero=τ𝑎𝑒𝑟𝑜𝜔
τ 𝑎𝑒𝑟𝑜=½ 𝜌 𝐴𝑅𝐶𝑝λ 𝑉 2
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Modeling and SimulationMechanical Subsystem Dynamics
f =
The mechanical subsystem that describes the rotor dynamics of the variable speed wind turbine can be of the following form:
(6)
where J ∈ R+ is the rotor moment of inertia, ω˙(t) ∈ R is the rotor acceleration, f (ω,va) ∈ R represents the system unknown nonlinearities and is defined as f =−τaero, and τem ∈ R+ is the electromagnetic torque and is considered as the torque control input for the generator. [1] J Control Theory Appl 2012
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Modeling and SimulationInduction Yaw Motor Modeling [2]
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
[2] stephen j. chapman electric machinery fundamentals
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Modeling and SimulationPreliminary Simulink Simulation
A preliminary simulation result has been obtained using MATLAB SIMULINK (version R2013a) to simulation the proposed wind turbine generation system using an Induction generation.
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Modeling and SimulationPreliminary Simulink Simulation - Results
Result of active power
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Conclusions
A preliminary study has been conducted during the current semester to understand how the wind turbine system operates and how the system components are integrated. The system in hand is definitely a tremendous asset to the University of Tabuk and a great educational and training facility for students and professionals to learn more about renewable and sustainable energy conversion. Unfortunately and due to some unaccepted challenges and technical problem, the project was not completely finical.
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Thanks for listening