india's development co-operation (hindi)

Hkkjr dk

fodkl lg;ksx

pkj ns’kksa dk v/;;u

Hkkjr dk fodkl lg;ksx% pkj ns’kksa dk v/;;uEkkpZ 2016

dkWihjkbV © okyaVjh ,D’ku usVodZ bafM;k bl iqLrd dh fo”k; oLrq dks iw.kZ ;k vkaf’kd :Ik ls] izdk’kd dk vkHkkj izdV djrs gq,] iqu% izdkf’kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

lgk;rk% gsufjd cksy QkmaMs’ku ¼,pch,Q½fMtkbu vkSj ysvkmV% jkt dqekj ‘kekZ

QksVks ØsfMV% ,axksjoV eafnj] lgk;rk Devata.orgMkxpq tyfo|qr la;a=% rqutk bdks tsujs’ku usiky&Hkkjr eS=h lHkkxkj] Hkkjrh; nwrkokl] dkBekaMw] Hkkjr baMksusf’k;k O;olk; Qksje] Hkkjrh; nwrkokl] tdkrkZ

fgUnh vuqokn% MkW- ;’k pkSgku

izdk’kd%okWyaVjh ,D’ku usVodZ bafM;k ¼ok.kh½chch&5] izFke ry xzsVj dSyk’k bUDyso 2]ubZ fnYyh 110 048Qksu% 011&29228127] 29226632VsfyQSDl% 011&41435535bZesy % [email protected]

osclkbV %www.vaniindia.org

eqnzd % fizaV oYMZ # 9810185402

bZesy % [email protected]

Hkkjr dk fodkl lg;ksx%pkj ns’kksa dk v/;;u

okyaVjh ,D’ku usVodZ bafM;k ¼ok.kh½chch&5] igyh eafty] xzsVj dSyk’k baDyso&2]

ubZ fnYyh & 110 048Qksu% 011&29228127] 29336632

QSDl% 011&41435535]bZesy% [email protected]

osclkbV% www.vaniindia.org

Hkkjr dk fodkl lg;ksx% pkj ns’kksa dk v/;;u

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fo”k; lwphvkeq[k .................................................................................................................................................. 04

la{ksi.k................................................................................................................................................. 06

izLrkouk.............................................................................................................................................. 08

v/;;u dk y{;] nk;jk] i)fr vkSj lhek,a.......................................................................................... 10

HkwVkulaf{kIr voyksdu.................................................................................................................................... 12

tyfo|qr ds laca/k esa lg;ksx.............................................................................................................. 13

Hkkjr vkSj HkwVku ds ikjLifjd ykHk..................................................................................................... 16

fu;ksftr tyfo|qr ifj;kstukvksa dk izHkko.......................................................................................... 17

fu”d”kZ .............................................................................................................................................. 20

usikylaf{kIr voyksdu.................................................................................................................................. 21

f}i{kh; lg;ksx ds {ks=....................................................................................................................... 23

ekuorkoknh vkSj foink jkgr lgk;rk.................................................................................................. 28

usiky ds lkFk Hkkjr ds tqM+ko ds j.kuhfrd vk;ke ........................................................................... 28

usiku esa Hkkjrh; lgk;rk dks ysdj lksp............................................................................................ 30

fu”d”kZ .............................................................................................................................................. 31

baMksusf’k;klaf{kIr voyksdu................................................................................................................................... 32

rduhdh vkSj ‘kSf{kd lg;ksx ............................................................................................................. 33

volajpuk fodkl ............................................................................................................................. 33

ekuorkoknh lgk;rk vkSj foink jkgr................................................................................................. 34

gky ds j.kuhfrd ?kVukØe ............................................................................................................... 35

fu”d”kZ ............................................................................................................................................... 36

dacksfM;klaf{kIr voyksdu.................................................................................................................................. 37

f}i{kh; lgk;rk.................................................................................................................................. 37

ekuorkoknh lgk;rk vkSj jkgr .......................................................................................................... 39

dacksfM;k vkSj Hkkjr dh iwoZ dh vksj ns[kks uhfr .................................................................................. 40

Hkkjr&dacksfM;k laca/k dk izHkko........................................................................................................... 41

fu”d”kZ................................................................................................................................................ 42

eq[; fVIif.k;ka..................................................................................................................................... 43

flQkfj’ksa vkSj fu”d”kZ........................................................................................................................... 47

lzanHkZ xzFkalwph ...................................................................................................................................... 51


vkeq[k

Hkkjr us ,sfrgkfld :Ik ls vU; fodkl’khy vkSj fuEure fodflr ns’kksa ds fodkllk>snkj ds :Ik esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA Lora=rk ds ckn Hkkjh fodkl laca/khpqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djus ds ckotwn mlus HkweaMyh; nf{k.k esa fodkl Lkk>snkfj;ka LFkkfirdjus dk iz;kl fd;k( og 1950 dh dksyEcks ;kstuk ds eq[; jpukdkjksa esa ls ,d FkkvkSj mlus rduhdh vkSj vkfFkZd vknku iznku dks lqxe cukus ds fy, 1964 esa vkbZVhbZlhdh LFkkiuk Hkh dh FkhA Hkkjr dh fodkl lgk;rk ges’kk ls nf{k.k&nf{k.k lg;ksx dsnk;js ds Hkhrj jgh gS ftlesa jk”Vªh; laizHkqrk vkSj LokfeRo dk lEeku ‘krZ u gksus vkSj?kjsyw ekeyksa esa n[ky u nsus rFkk leku lk>snkfj;ksa vkSj vkilh ykHk dh izksUufr dsizfr opuc)rk ‘kkfey gSA

fiNys ,d n’kd esa Hkkjr dh fodkl lgk;rk us dkQh izeq[krk gkfly dh gS] vkSj Hkkjrds ‘kkunkj vkfFkZd mHkkj rFkk u;s Hkw&jktuhfrd egRo ds dkj.k mldh igaqp vkSjek=k] nksuksa n`f”V;ksa ls egRoiw.kZ :Ik ls foLrkj gqvk gSA vc rduhdh lg;ksx vkSjizf’k{k.k ds ikjaifjd :iksa dks vf/kdkf/kd :Ik ls vuqnku lgk;rk] rduhdh ijke’kZ]foink jkgr] ekuorkoknh lgk;rk] ‘kSf{kd Nk=o`fÙk] _.k vkSj {kerk fuek.kZ dk;ZØe iwjs,f’k;k] ySfVu vesfjdk] iwohZ ;wjksi vkSj vÝhdk esa iwfjr dj jgs gSaA

fdUrq Hkkjrh; lgk;rk dks ysdj ns’k Hkhrj fnypLih vkSj laokn Hkkjhr; fodkl lgk;rkds cnys iSekus vkSj mldh HkweaMyh; izklafxdrk dks izdV ugha djrsA fodkl lg;ksxHkkjr dh fons’k uhfr dk ,d vfHkUu vax gS ftls dk;Zdkfj.kh dk gh eq[; vf/kdkjekuk tkrk gS] blfy, ukxfjd lekt dks bu fopkj&foe’kksZa ls ckgj j[kk x;k gSAfdUrq fodkl lk>snkjh iz’kklu vkSj mlds ckn Hkkjhr; fodkl lg;ksx Qksje us blLFkku dks [kksyus vkSj Hkkjr dh fodkl lg;ksx uhfr;ksa ij ,d ijke’kZiw.kZ n`f”Vdks.k dksiksf”kr djus ds fy, lgk;uh; igydneh dhA ukxfjd lekt ds fy, ;g vR;aregRoiw.kZ gS fd og ,sls eapksa ds lkFk dk;Z djs vkSj muds laoknksa esa fgLlk ysA

bl ifjn`’; esa ok.kh us HkweaMyh; dk;ksZa ds ckjs esa Hkkjr dh LoSfPNd laLFkkvksa dks lwfprdjus vksj mudk {kerk&o/kZu djus( vkSj bl rjg cM+s fodkl izfreku esa mUgsa layXu


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djus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA ,d fiNys v/;;u esa f+}i{kh; vkSj cgqi{kh; laca/kksa ds ek/;els Hkkjr dh c<+rh varjkZ”Vªh; mifLFkfr dh ekWMsfyVht vkSj fufgrkFkksZa dh Nkuchu dhxbZ FkhA ;g v/;;u HkwVku] usiky] baMksusf’k;k vkSj dacksfM;k tSls egRoiw.kZ nf{k.khlk>snkjksa ds lkFk Hkkjr ds fodkl lg;ksx ij utnhdh ls ,d utj Mkyrk gSA Hkkjrds bu pkjksa ns’kksa ds lkFk ?kfu”B laca/k gSa vkSj gky ds o”kksaZ esa f}i{kh; vkfFkZd vkSjjktuhfrd laca/kksa ds QyLo:Ik ;s etcwr gq, gSaA bl fjiksVZ esa bu ns’kksa dks Hkkjr dhvf/kdkfjd fodkl lgk;rk dh :ijs[kk dks izLrqr fd;k x;k gS vkSj Hkfo”; ds fy, bulaca/kksa dh ‘kfDr;ksa] dfe;ksa rFkk ldkjkRed lh[kksa dks crk;k x;k gSA

fo’ks”k :Ik ls bl fjiksVZ dk mn~ns’; Hkkjr dh fodkl lk>snkfj;ksa ds j.kuhfrd izsjdksadh Nkuchu djuk vkSj lkFk gh bu ns’kksa ds lanHkZ esa Hkkjr dh lgk;rk okyh ifj;kstukvksads lkekftd] vkfFkZd izHkkoksa dk fo’ys”k.k djuk gSA

eaS bl fjiksVZ dks fy[kus ds fy, fnfork ‘kkafMY; dks /kU;okn nsuk pkgwaxkA lkFk gh eSafiNys Mªk¶Vksa ij fVIi.kh ds fy, MkW- T;ksRluk eksgu vkSj fjiksVZ dh fMtkbu rFkkizdk’ku ds fy, Jh jktdqekj ‘kekZ dks Hkh /kU;okn nsuk pkgawxkA

eSa MkW- vkDlsy gjuhr&flolZ] gsufjd cksy ds Hkkjrh; dk;kZy; ds funsZ’kd] vkSj gsufjdcksy QkmaMs’ku dh dk;ZØe leUo;d] ‘kkfyuh ;ksx dk bl v/;;u esa :fp fn[kkus dsfy, vkSj bl ifj;kstuk dks lgk;rk iznku djus ds fy, gsufjd cksy QkmaMs’ku dk/kU;okn djuk pkgwaxkA

eSa vk’kk djrk gqa fd ;g ifj;kstuk Hkkjr ds fodkl lg;ksx ds laca/k esa LoSfPNd {ks=vkSj vU; fgr/kkjdksa esa fnypLih iSnk djsxh vkSj mls cuk;s j[ksxhA gesa ;g vk’kk HkhgS fd blls ,l,llh ds varxZr fodkl laca/kh lgk;rk dh iknf’kZrk vkSj izHkkodkfjrkij vko’;d fopkj&foe’kZ esa dqN ;ksxnku djus esa enn feysxhA

g”kZ tsryh¼eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkjh] ok.kh½


la{ksi.k ,,lbZ,,u nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f’k;kbZ ns’kksa dk laxBu,,lvkbZ Hkkjrh; iqjkrRo losZ{k.k foHkkxch,pbZ,y Hkkjr gSoh bysDVªkfud fyfeVsMfczDl czkthy] :l] Hkkjr] phu] nf{k.k vÝhdkchVhvkj cqDlk cka/k vH;kj.;lhlhlh dacksfM;k lg;ksx lfefrlhbZ, dsanzh; fo|qr izkf/kdkj.klhvkbZlhbZ,yVh dacksfM+;k&Hkkjr vaxszth Hkk”kk izf’k{k.k dsanzlhvkbZbZMhlh dacksfM;k&Hkkjr m|e fodkl dsanzlh,y,eoh dacksfM;k] ykvksl] E;kuekj vkSj fo;rukeMh,lh fodkl lgk;rk lfefrMhMhlh ftyk fodkl lfefr;kaMhthihlh nzqd xzhu ikoj dkiksZjs’kuMhih, fodkl lk>snkjh iz’kkluMhihvkj foLr`r ifj;kstuk fjiksVZMh;wMhchlh ‘kgjh fodkl vkSj Hkou fuekZ.k foHkkxbZvkbZ, i;kZoj.k izHkko vkadyubZvksvkbZ Hkkjrh; nwrkokl,QokbZih iapo”khZ; ;kstukth&20 xzqi vkWQ 20thlh,l,l lkekU; lkaLd`frd Nk=o`fÙk ;kstukthMhih ldy ?kjsyw mRiknth,yvks,Q XySf’k;y ysd vkmVcLVZ ¶yM~lth,evkj xza/kh efYydktqZu jko lewgthvksvkbZ Hkkjr ljdkj,plhlh fgUnqLrku daLVªD’ku daiuh fyfeVsM,pbZih tyfo|qr ifj;kstukvkbZ,vkbZ bfuf’k,fVo Qkj ,f’k;u baVhxzs’kuvkbZch,l, Hkkjr] czkthy] nf{k.k vÝhdkvkbZlhlhbZVhMh Hkkjr&dacksfM;k izfrHkk fodkl dsanzvkbZlhlhvkj Hkkjrh; lkaLd`frd laca/k ifj”knvkbZlh,QvkjbZ Hkkjhr; okfudh vuqla/kku ,oa f’k{kk ifj”knvkbZlhih baVhxzsfVM psd iksLV


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vkbZlhVh lwpuk ,oa lapkj VsDukykWthvkbZMh,l, izfrj{kk v/;;u ,oa fo’ys”k.k laLFkkuvkbZ,uvkj Hkkjrh; #i,vkbZvksvkj, bafM;u vks’ku fje ,lksfl,’kuvkbZVhbZlh Hkkjrh; rduhdh ,oa vkfFkZd lg;ksxvkbZ;wlh,u fuEurd fodflr ns’k,yMhlh U;wure fodflr ns’k,ybZih iwoZ dh vksj ns[kks uhfr,y,aMVh yklsZu ,aM VqcksZ,yvkslh ykbu vkWQ ØsfMV,ebZ, fons’k ea=ky;,ethlh esdksax & xaxk lg;ksx igydneh,evkbZbZ fefueyh buosflo ,twds’ku,evks;w eSeksjsaMe vkQ vaMjLVSafMax,uMhvkj,Q jk”Vªh; foink izR;qÙkj cy,uthvks xSj&ljdkjh laxBu,u,pihlh jk”Vªh; tyfo|qr ÅtkZ fuxe,u,uts,l usiky us= T;ksfr la?kvksbZlhMh vkfFkZd lg;ksx ,oa fodkl laxBuvkjlhbZih jhtuy dkafizgsaflo bDukfed ikVZujf’kivkjvkbZ,l fodkl’khy ns’kksa ds fy, ‘kks/k vkSj lwpuk iz.kkyhvkjohlh jhtuy oSY;w psUl,llh,,ih fo’ks”k jk”Vªdqy vÝhdk lgk;rk dk;ZØe,lMhth LFkkf;Roiw.kZ fodkl y{;,lMhih y?kq fodkl ifj;kstuk,a,ltsoh,u lryqt ty fo|qr fuxe fyfeVsM,l,llh nf{k.k&nf{k.k lg;ksxVhlhvkbZ,y VsfydE;wfuds’kal dalYVsaV~l bafM;k fyfeVsMVh,pMhlh fVgjh ty fodkl fuxe fyfeVsM;w,ubZ,llhvks jk”Vª la?k ‘kSf{kd] oSKkfud vkSj lkaLd`frd laxBu;w,u,llh jk”Vª eap lqj{kk ifj”knok.kh okyaVjh ,D’ku usVodZ bafM;kMC;w,ihlhvks,l ty ,oa fo|qr ijke’kZ lsok,a


izLrkoukfiNys ,d n’kd esa xjhch] vlekurk] c<+rs gq, mxzokn ¼,DVªhfeTe½] vkSj tyok;q cnyko us] vkSjlkFkh gh vkfFkZd fodkl vkSj le`f) ls tqM+s lk>s fopkjksa us fodkl’khy ns’kksa dks HkweaMyh; eapksa ijfodkl ds fy, lk>snkfj;ka cukus vkSj rkyesy djus ds fy, foo’k dj fn;k gSA bldh ctg lsHkkjr us nf{k.k&nf{k.k lg;ksx ds vk/kkj ij nwljs fodkl’khy ns’kksa ds lkFk laca/kksa ij tksj fn;k gSvkSj mUgsa etcwr cuk;k gSA Hkkjr uss fo’ks”k :Ik ls ,d vkSj nf{k.k ,f’k;kbZ ns’kksa ds chp vkSj vf/kdjktuhfrd leUo;u vkSj vkfFkZd ,dhdj.k dk vkSj nwljh vksj nf{k.k iwoZ ds ,f’k;kbZ ns’kksa ds lkFkikjLifjd :Ik ls ykHknk;d laidZ tksM+us dk vkg~oku fd;k gSA1

ij ;s iz;kl vR;ar /khes vkSj bu ns’kksa ds chp xgu ,sfrgkfld foHkktu vkSj vyx&vyx jktuhfrdfgrksa dh otg ls vDlj fujk’kkiw.kZ jgs gSaA

Hkkjr dk vius rkRdkfyd iM+kSlh ns’kksa ds lkFk fo’ks”k :Ik ls etcwr laca/k ugha jgk gSA Hkkjr dsvkdkj vkSj izeq[k] vkSj vulqy>s lhek fooknksa ds dkj.k bu ns’kksa ds chp mlds fgrksa vkSj bjknksa dksysdj lansg ekStwn jgs gSaA2 blds vykok Hkkjr dh vksj ls bl ekU;rk ds ckotwn fd ns’k ds fodkldks lqfuf’pr djus ds fy, {ks=h; fLFkjrk vkSj le`f) vko’;d gS] ;g rF; Hkkjr ds fy, ,d izeq[kpqukSrh cuk gqvk gS fd nf{k.k ,f’k;k fo’o ds lcls de ,dhd`r {ks=ksa esa ls ,d gSA3

blh izdkj Hkkjr vkSj ,flvku ¼nf{k.k&iwoZ½ ds chp laca/k Hkh ml rjg ls fodflr ugha gq, ftlrjg vis{kk dh tkrh FkhA ;g bl rF; ds ckotwn gS fd ,flvku ds lkFk Hkkjr dk O;kikj Bksl:Ik ls fodflr gks jgk gSA ;g vusd dkj.kksa dh otg ls gS tSls fd Hkkjr vkSj nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f’k;kds chp laidZ dh fLFkfr dk fuEu gksuk] Hkkjr esa phu dh izHkqRoiw.kZ mifLFkfr vkSj Hkkjr }kjk nf{k.kiwohZ,f’k;kbZ ns’kksa ds lkFk f}i{kh; laca/kksa esa deh gksukA4

1 Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ ¼chtsih½ bl le; ‘kkld lgesy dh lcls cM+h ikVhZ gS tks vius iM+kSlh {ks= esa Hkkjr ds f}i{kh;laca/kksa dks etcwr cukus ds fy, izfrc) gSA og lkdZ vkSj ,flvku tSls {ks=h; cgqi{kh; eapksa ij lfØ;rk ls dk;Z djjgh gSA ;g http://www.bjp.org/images/pdf_2014/full_manifesto_english_07.04.2014.pdf ij miyC/k gSA

2 Hkkjr dh vDlj {ks=h; Þfcx cznjÞ ;k rkuk’kkg cuus ds fy, vkykspuk dh tkrh gSA blds lkFk gh Hkkjr ds dbZ iM+kSlhns’k mls ÞfgpfdpkgV okyh ‘kfDrÞ Hkh dgrs gSa vkSj os {ks=h; vkdka{kkvksa ij Hkkjr ds izR;qÙkj ls fujk’k Hkh gksrs gSaA Hkkjrds ckjs esa {ks=h; lksp ds fy, d`Ik;k ÞHkkjr&nf{k.k ,f’k;k% {ks=h; lkspÞ] vkbZMh,l, ¼2015½ dks ns[ksaA

3 fo’o cSad ds vuqlkj nf{k.k ,f’k;k esa var% {ks=h; O;kikj dqy O;kikj dk 5 izfr’kr gSaA ns[ksa http://www.worldbank.org/

en/region/sar/brief/south-asia-regional-integration

4 Hkkjr dks vius nf{k.k ,f’k;k laca/k LFkkfir djus ds fy, vkSj dk;Z djuk iM+sxkA n us’kuy] vxLr 18] 2014http://www.thenational.ae/opinion/comment/india-has-to-do-more-to-fix-its-southeast-asian-relations ij miyC/k gSA


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viuh fons’k uhfr dh bu pqukSfr;ksa ls fucVus ds fy, Hkkjr us nks {ks=ksa esa vius nf”Vdks.k ij fQj lslq/kkj ykus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA mlus vkfFkZd fodkl5 vkSj vkardokn tSlh var% {ks=h; pqukSfr;ksa6 dkizkFkfedhdj.k fd;k gSA lkFk gh mlus vusd nf{k.k ,f’k;kbZ vkSj nf{k.k iwoZ ,f’k;kbZ ns’kksa esa fodkllg;ksx dk;ZØeksa dk mYys[kuh; :Ik ls lq/kkj fd;k gSA7

bl v/;;u esa HkwVku] usiky] baMksusf’k;k vkSj dacksfM;k dks Hkkjr dh lgk;rk ij /;ku dsafnzr fd;k x;kgS D;ksafd ;s Hkkjr ds lcls egRoiw.kZ fodkl lk>snkj ekus tkrs gSaA HkwVku Hkkjr ls vuqnku izkIr djusokyk lcls iqjkuk vkSj lcls vf/kd vuqnku izfIrdrkZ ns’k gSA Þfn bafM;u fMosyiesaV dksvkijs’kufjlpZß ds vkadyu ds vuqlkj Hkkjr ds dqy vuqnkuksa vkSj _.kksa dk yxHkx 49 izfr’kr HkwVku dks o”kZ2000&2001 vkSj o”kZ 2013&2014 ds nkSjku izkIr gqvk gSA8 blh rjg usiky ds lkFk Hkkjr dh fodkllk>snkjh 1950 ds n’kd ls py jgh gS vkSj dqN dfBu jktuf;d laca/kksa ds ckotwn Hkkjr ‘kk;n usikyesa lcls foLrr fodkl dk;ZØe pykrk gSA blds foijhr dacksfM;k vkSj baMksusf’k;k ds lkFk Hkkjr dhfodkl lk>snkfj;ka bruh cM+h ugha gSaA fdUrq iwoZ dh vksj ns[kks ds foLrkj ds izfr dh u;s fljs lsizfrc)rk ds vuqlkj mUgksaus b/kj rsth ls egRo /kkj.k fd;k gSA

bl fjiksVZ esa vyx&vyx ns’kksa ds laca/k esa vyx&vyx v/;k; gS tks mDr ns’kksa esa fofHkUu volajpukRedifj;kstukvksa vkSj izf’k{k.k dk;ZØeksa ds fy, Hkkjr ljdkj dh fodkl lgk;rk dh :ijs[kk izLrqr djrsgSa( Hkkjr vkSj gj lk>snkj ns’k dks blls gksus okys ykHkksa dk mYys[k djrs gSa vkSj mu izeq[k j.kuhfrddkj.kksa ij fopkj djrs gSa tks bu ns’kksa* dks Hkkjr dh lrr fodkl lgk;rk dks pkfyr djrs gSa A varesa ;g fjiksVZ cnyrh :ikRedrkvksa] Hkkjr dh cnyrh izkFkfedrkvksa vkSj mHkjrh pqukSfr;ksa dh nf”V lsizeq[k :>kuksa dk fo’ys”k.k djrh gS vkSj bl laca/k esa flQkfj’ksa izLrqr djrh gS fd Hkkjr ds fodkllg;ksx dks fdl rjg ls vf/kd ikjn’khZ vkSj izHkkodkjh cuk;k tk ldrk gSA

5 ,fylk vk;jsl] fons’k laca/k ifj”kn dh lhfu;j] QSyks ds vuqlkj Hkkjr ljdkj us gky gh esa ,d Þl’kDr {ks=h; okgdÞdh viuh fLFkfr dks etcwr cukus ds fy, viuh vkfFkZd ‘kfDr dks etcwr cukus dk n`f”Vdks.k viuk;k gSA vk;jsl,fylk] Þeksnh McYl Mkmu vkWu fn uscjgqMÞ] ;sy Xykscy vkuykbu] twu 2014 http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/modi-

doubles-down-neighborhood. ij miyC/k gSAHkkjr ds iM+kSfl;ksa ds izfr Hkkjrh; fons’k uhfr dk Þfy¶V vky cksV~l n`f”Vdks.k ;g gS fd Hkkjr ds mHkkj ls mu lHkh dksQk;nk gksxkA ,MlZu] v’khfyu vkSj vk;jsl] ÞbDukfeDl vkQ ba¶yw,al% pkbuk ,aM bafM;k bu lkmFk ,f’k;k]Þ ,DliVZczhQ] fons’kh laca/k ifj”kn] vxLr 2015 http://www.cfr.org/economics/economics-influence-china-india-south-

asia/p36862 ij myC/k gSA 6 Hkkjr us vius iM+kSfl;ksa ds chp vkardokn & fojks/kh lg;ksx ds fy, vkokgu vksj E;kuekj] ekynho vkSj caxykns’k lfgr

muesa ls dbZ ds lkFk vkradokn&fojks/kh le>kSrs gLrk{kfjr fd;s gSaA7 Hkkjr ds fons’kh lgk;rk O;; esa 2015&2016 esa yxHkx 26 izfr’kr dh o`f) gqbZ gS vkSj blesa ls 84 izfr’kr nf{k.k ,f’k;k

ds fy, fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k FkkA foLr`r fooj.k ds fy, ns[ksa https://www.devex.com/news/india-s-2015-16-foreign-

aid-budget-where-the-money-is-going-856668 vkbZMhlhvkj fjiksVZ% Hkkjrh; fodkl lg;ksx dh fLFkfr ¼2014

* gkykafd Hkkjr us fodkl lgk;rk ds vf/kdkfjd <kaps esa ekuorkoknh lgk;rk@foink jkgr dks ‘kkfey ugha fd;k gS]ij bldk laf{kIr vkdyu bl fjiksVZ esa fd;k x;k gS] vkSj bldk izca/ku vkSj iz’kklu Hkkjrh; fons’k ea=ky; dh fodkllk>snkjh lgk;rk ¼Mhih,½ }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA


v/;;u dk y{;] nk;jk] i)fr vkSj lhek,ay{;

Hkkjr us fiNys dqN o”kksZa esa viuh fodkl lgk;rk dk egRoiw.kZ :Ik ls foLrkj vkSj fofo/khdj.k fd;kgS vkSj og vusd ns’kksa ds fy, vf/kdkf/kd :Ik ls izklafxd fodkl lk>snkj cu x;k gSA fdUrq ,dvikjaifjd vuqnkudrkZ ds :Ik esa og viuh lgk;rk ds izokg ds ckjs esa vkfFkZd lg;ksx vkSj fodkl¼vksbZlhMh½ dh fodkl lgk;rk lfefr dks lwfpr ugha djrk vkSj mlds fodkl lg;ksx ds laca/k esalkoZtfud :Ik ls miyC/k MkVk vHkh Hkh fo”ke gSA blds lkFk gh tgka Hkkjrh; vuqnkuksa vkSj _.kksa}kjk foÙkiksf”kr dk;ZØe tgka izdV :Ik ls ekax&pkfyr gSa] ogka muds lkekftd&vkfFkZd izHkko dkIk;kZIr :Ik ls fo’ys”k.k ugha fd;k x;k gSA bl lanHkZ esa ;g v/;;u fuEu nks eq[; y{;ksa dh iwfrZdjus dk iz;kl djrk gSA

• bldk mn~ns’; lacaf/kr ns’kksa ds lkFk fodkl lk>snkfj;ka LFkkfir djus ds fy, Hkkjr ds jktuhfrdvkSj vkfFkZd iz;kstuksa dh Nkuchu djuk gSA

• blesa lkekftd&vkfFkZd izHkko <kaps ds ek/;e ls Hkkjr ds fodkl dk;ZØeksa dk ewY;kadu djusdk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA

nk;jk

bl v/;;u dk nk;jk pkj ns’kksa rd lhfer gS ftudk p;u mudh ljdkjksa ds izfr Hkkjr dhizfrc)rkvksa dh O;kidrk vkSj xgurk rFkk lkFk gh Hkkjr ljdkj dh j.kuhfr dh n`f”V ls mudhdsafnzdrk ds vk/kkj ij fd;k x;k gSA

i)fr

;g fjiksVZ f}rh;d MsLd & vk/kkfjr ‘kks/k ij vk/kkfjr gS vkSj bls ljdkjh fjiksVksZa( ctV nLrkostksa]vdknfed izdk’kuksa vkSj lekpkj i=ksa ds ys[kksa ds vk/kkj ij rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA lgk;rk ds forj.kls lacaf/kr MkVk eq[;r% fons’k ea=ky; dh okf”kZd fjiksVksaZ vkSj ctVksa rFkk LFkkuh; Hkkjrh; nwrkoklksa


Page 11

dh osclkbVl ls izkIr fd;k x;k gSA Hkkjrh; lgk;rk ls dk;kZfUor dh tkus okyh ifj;kstukvksa dsckjs esa LFkkuh; lksp vkSj fopkjksa dks izfrfcafcr djus okys dsl LVMht vkSj fjiksVZsa LFkkuh; vkSjvarjkZ”Vªh; v[kckjksa vkSj fMQsal LVMht ,aM ,usfyfll ¼vkbZMh,l,½ rFkk fodkl’khy ns’kksa ds fy,‘kks/k vkSj lwpuk iz.kkyh ¼vkjvkbZ,l½ tSlh ljdkj ls lac) laLFkkvksa ds v/;;uksa ds fu”d”kksZa ls izkIrdh xbZ gSA

bl fjiksVZ dks dksvkijs’ku dfeVh Qkj dacksfM;k ¼lhlhlh½] lh,lvks ikVZujf’ki Qkj fMosyiesaVbQsfDVousal ¼lhihMhbZ½ vkSj fj;sfyVh vkQ ,M usVodZ ,f’k;k isflfQd tSlh ok.kh dh lk>snkjlaLFkkvksa ds ;ksxnku ls ykHk izkIr gqvk gSA

lhek,a

Lora= laLFkkvksa }kjk ladfyr {ks=&MkVk miyC/k u gks ikus ds dkj.k ;g fjiksVZ eq[;r% Hkkjr ljdkjvkSj nwljs ns’kksa dh ljdkjksa }kjk lwfpr MkVk ij vk/kkfjr gSA lkexzh dh leh{kk dk >qdko HkhHkkjrh; laLFkkvksa }kjk fd;s x;s ‘kks/k dh vksj gS D;ksafd HkwVku vkSj dacksfM;k tSls ns’kksa esa ukxfjdlekt fodkl ds vkjafHkd pj.k esa gSa vkSj bl eqn~ns ij mUgkasus dksbZ foLr`r dk;Z ugah fd;k gSAblds vykok] dk;kZUo;u pj.k vkSj iwjh dh xbZ ifj;kstukvksa ds izHkko ls lacaf/kr nLrkosthdj.k dkvR;f/kd vHkko gS tks fd dsl LVMht ds laxzg esa ,d ck/kk fl) gqvkA


HkwVkuLkaf{kIr voyksdu HkwVku dk lcls cM+k O;kikj lk>snkj gksus ds lkFk&lkFk Hkkjr mldk eq[; fodkl lk>snkj Hkh gS vkSj1949 ls gh HkwVku dks ifj;kstuk vk/kkfjr fodkl lgk;rk iznku djrk jgk gSA9

1961 ds ckn tc HkwVku us fu;kstu dks viuk;k Fkk] Hkkjr us HkwVku dh nks igyh iapo”khZ; ;kstukvksa dsfy, foÙk iznku fd;k FkkA blds ckn dh lHkh ;kstukvksa ds fy, Hkkjr us ctV lgk;rk iznku dh]gkykafd muds foÙkiks”k.k esa Hkkjr dk fgLlk vkjaHk 100 izfr’kr ls ?kV dj gky ds o”kZ esa 23 izfr’kr gksx;k gSA10

gky esa Hkkjr us HkwVku dh X;kjgoha iapo”khZ; ;kstuk ¼2013&2017½ ds fy, 4500 djksM+ Hkkjrh; #i;s dhjkf’k dk opu fn;k ftls Hkkjrh; ctV ds xSj&;kstuk ifjO;;ksa ds ek/;e ls laforfjr fd;k tk;sxkAblesa ls 2800 djksM+ Hkkjrh; #i;s ifj;kstuk laca/kh lgk;rk ds fy, gksaxs( 850 djksM+ Hkkjrh; #i;s dkmi;ksx dk;ZØe vuqnkuksa vkSj fodkl lClhfM;ka nsus ds fy, fd;k tk;sxk vkSj 850 djksM+ #i;s fofHkUuNksVh fodkl ;kstukvksa ds fy, bLrseky fd;s tk;saxsA11 nksuksa ljdkjksa ds chp bl ckr dks ysdj lgefrgqbZ gS fd 850 ifj;kstukvksa dks ifj;kstuk&lEc) lgk;rk ls vkSj 485 ifj;kstukvksa dks y?kq fodklifj;kstuk Ldhe ds varxZr foÙkiksf”kr fd;k tk;sxkA12 Hkkjr us HkwVku ljdkj ds vkfFkZd ÞfLVeqYl iSdstßds fy, Hkh 500 djksM+ Hkkjrh; #i;s dk vuqnku nsus dh izfrc)rk dh gSA13 blds vykok] Hkkjr2015&2016 ds ctV ds ;kstuk ifjO;; ds ek/;e ls HkwVku ds ty fo|qr {ks= ds fodkl ds fy, Hkhlgk;rk iznku dj jgk gSA

vkbZVhbZlhHkwVku dks vkbZVhbZlh@,llh,,ih dk;ZØe ds varxZr 20 LykWV~l vkSj dksyEcks ;kstuk ds varxZr 60LykWV~l iznku fd;s x;s FksA blds vykok] o”kZ 2013&2014 ds nkSjku HkwVku ds Nk=ksa dks fofHkUu ikB~;Øeksads fy, 1100 Nk=ofÙk;ka Hkh iznku dh xbZ FkhaA ljdkj us HkwVku dh X;kjgoha iapo”khZ; ;kstuk esa HkwVkuhNk=ksa dks Lukrd Lrj dh Nk=ofÙk;ksa ds fy, 55 djksM+ Hkkjrh; #i;s nsus dh izfrc)rk Hkh dh FkhA14

9 vkbZMhlhvkj fjiksVZ Hkkjrh; fodkl lg;ksx dh fLFkfr ¼2014½10 ogh11 fons’k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj dh okf”kZd fjiksVZ ¼2014&15½12 Hkkjr] HkwVku leh{kk fodkl ifj;kstuk,a] bDukWfed VkbEl] 2 flarcj 2015A ns[ksa% http://articles.economictimes.

indiatimes.com/2015-09-02/news/66143980_1_developmental-projects-worth-crore-11th-five-year-plan

13 HkwVku ds lkFk vkfFkZd lg;ksx] Hkkjrh; nwrkokl] fFkaiw] ns[ksa : http://www.indianembassythimphu.bt/pages.php?id=33

14 Hkkjr&HkwVku laca/k] fons’k ea=ky;] vizSy 2014] http://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Bhutan_April_2014_eng.pdf

ij miyC/k gSA


Page 13

tyfo|qr ds laca/k esa lg;ksxHkwVku esa tyfo|qr {ks= dk fodkl nksuksa ns’kksa ds chp f}i{kh; fodkl lgk;rk dh vk/kkjf’kyk gSA Hkkjr usHkwVku dks 1988 esa 246 djksM+ #i;s dh dqy ykxr ls igyh tyfo|qr ifj;kstuk] pqD[kk ifj;kstuk dsfuekZ.k esa lgk;rk iznku dh FkhA blesa ls 60 izfr’kr ifj;kstuk dks ,d vuqnku }kjk foÙkiksf”kr fd;k x;kFkk vkSj 40 izfr’kr dks dkQh fjvk;rh nj ij fn;s x;s _.k }kjk foÙkiksf”kr fd;k x;k FkkA15

blds ckn Hkkjr us nks vkSj tyfo|qr ifj;kstukvksa ds fuekZ.k ds fy, lgk;rk iznku dh & dqfjpw ifj;kstuk¼560 djksM+ Hkkjrh; #i;ksa dh ykxr ls½ vkSj rkyk ifj;kstuk ¼yxHkx 4125 djksM+ Hkkjrh; #i;ksa dh ykxrls½A16 ;s rhuksa ifj;kstuk,a dqy 1416 eSxkokV fctyh iSnk djrh gSa ftlesa ls 90 izfr’kr dk Hkkjr dksfu;kZr fd;k tkrk gSA17

bl lk>snkjh dks 2006 esa rc vkSj cy feyk tc Hkkjr ljdkj us HkwVku ds tyfo|qr {ks= ds fodkl dsfy, izfrc)rk izdV djrs gq, ,d N=&le>kSrk gLrk{kfjr fd;kA ;g le>kSrk Hkfo”; esa nksuksa ns’kksa dschp f}i{kh; lg;ksx dk <kapk izLrqr djrk gS vkSj o”kZ 2020 rd HkwVku esa 10]000 eSxkokV fctyh dsmRiknu vkSj [kjhn ds mn~ns’; dks lkeus j[krk gSA18

lzksr % fons’k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj] vkmVde ctV 2013&2014] 2014&2015 vkSj 2015&2016

15 vkbZMhlhvkj fjiksVZ Hkkjr ds fodkl lg;ksx dh fLFkfr ¼2014½16 fodkl leUo; fjiksVZ] ,f’k;kbZ fodkl cSadAhttp://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/linked-documents/44444-013-

dc.pdf ij miyC/k gS17 ÞHkkjr] HkwVku fo|qr la;a= lg;ksx ladV esa Þfctusl LVsaMMZZ] 8 twu] 2013] ns[ksa% http://www.business-

standard.com/article/economy-policy/india-bhutan-power-plant-collaborations-in-limbo-113060800661_1.html18 Hkkjr&HkwVku laca/k] fons’k ea=ky;] Qjojh 2012 : http://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Bhutan-February-2012.pdf

ij miyC/k gSA

HkwVku dks fodkl lgk;rk


bl mn~ns’; ls HkwVku esa 10 tyfo|qr ifj;kstukvksa ds fuekZ.k dh ,d egRokdka{kh ifj;kstuk dksgkFk esa fy;k x;k gSA buesa ls rhu ifj;kstuk,a igys ls gh fuekZ.kk/khu gSa vkSj bUgsa 2017&18 rddeh’ku fd;s tkus dh vis{kk dh tkrh gSA

Hkkjr vkSj HkwVku us vizSy 2014 esa ,d var% ljdkjh le>kSrk Hkh gLrk{kfjr fd;k ftlesa pkj vkSj,pbZiht ds fuekZ.k dk <kapk LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA ;s bl izdkj gS & [kksyksaxNw ,pbZih] pedkjNw,pbZih] okaxNw ,pbZih vkSj cqu[kk tyk’k; ifj;kstukA bu ifj;kstukvksa dk fuekZ.k nksuksa ns’kksa dhlkoZtfud {ks= daifu;ksa }kjk fey dj fd;k tk;sxkA19 twu 2014 esa viuh HkwVku ;k=k ds nkSjku

ty fo|qr ifj;kstuk dk uke

fo|qr tuu {kerk fLFkfr ifj;kstuk foÙk dk;kZUo;u ,tsalh

dqy ykxrfoÙkiks”k.k dhdk;Zfof/k

iqurlkaxNw&1 1200 eSxkokV

fuekZ.kk/khu gS vkSjckj&ckj foyac dsckn 2019 esa deh’kufd;s tkus dh vis{kkdh tkrh gSA

9750 djksM+

,y ,aVh] xkeksubafM;k fyfeVsM] Hksy]g`;ksflax dkiksZajs’ku]T;ksfr LVªDplZfyfeVsM] lqndkcsy

40 izfr’krvuqnku] 60izfr’kr_.k¼10izfr’krizfro”kZ dhO;kt nj½

iqurlkaxNw&2 1020 eSxkokVfuekZ.kk/khu] 2017 esadeh’ku fd;k tk;sxk

3777 djksM++

t;izdk’k,lksfl,V~l] xkeksubafM;k] Hksy] ,y-,l-dscYl] g~;ksflaxdkiksZjs’ku

30 izfr’krvuqnku] 70izfr’kr _.k¼10 izfr’krizfro”kZ dhO;kt nj½

ekaxMsNw 720 eSxkokVfuekZ.kk/khu] 2017 esadeh’ku fd;k tk;sxk

3382 djksM+

t;izdk’k,slksfl,V~l] xkeksu¼bafM;k½] ihbZ,lbathfu;lZ izk- fy-]Hksy dYir# ikojVªkafLe’ku fy-

30 izfr’krvuqnku] 70izfr’kr _.k¼10 izfr’krizfro”kZ dhO;kt nj½

lzksr% Hkkjr vkSj HkwVku ds nwrkokl] eakxMssNw tyfo|qr ifj;kstuk izkf/kdj.k vkSj xsVos gkmlA ;g http://www.indianembassythimphu.bt/pages.php?id=37, ij miyC/k gSAhttp://www.indianembassythimphu.bt/pages.php?id=38, http://www.mhpa.gov.bt/page_complex.php?cid=6 and http://www.gatewayhouse.in/assessing-indias-infrastruc-ture-aid-diplomacy/

19 Þl;qDr ty&fo|qr ifj;kstukvksa ds fodkl ij HkwVku vkSj Hkkjr ds chp vr% ljdkjh le>kSrk] fons’k ea=ky;] Hkkjrljdkj] 22 vizSy 2014 http://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/23230/InterGovernmental+Agreement+between+Bhutan+and+India+on+development+of+Joint+Venture+Hydropower+Projects ij miyC/k gSA


Page 15

Hkkjr ds iz/kku ea=h us [kksyksaxNw ifj;kstuk dk f’kykU;kl fd;k Fkk vkSj mlds ckn fnlacj 2014 lsbl ifj;kstuk ij dke dh ‘kw:vkr gqbZA20

ckdh rhu ifj;kstukvksa ij vHkh dke fd;k tk jgk gSA ;s ikbiykbu esa gSaA ;s ifj;kstuk,a bl izdkjgSa & dqjh xksaxjh ,pbZih] veksNw ,pbZih vkSj ladks’k tyk’k; ,pbZih ij dbZ bl izdkj dh fjiksVZsalkeus vkbZ fd Hkkjr ladks’k vkSj dqjh xksaxjh ifj;kstuk dh foÙkh; l{kerk ds izfr fpafrr gS] blfy,bu ifj;kstukvksa esa dkQh foyac gqvkA21 veksNw tyfo|qr ifj;kstuk dk dke Hkh foyac ls gks jgk gSD;ksa fd blds Ik;kZoj.k izHkkoksa vkSj laHkkfor lqj{kk laca/kh eqn~nksa dks ysdj vk’kadk,a vkSj fpark,a trkbZtk jgh gSA22 gkykafd bl laca/k esa Hkkjr ds dsanzh; fo|qr izkf/kdj.k }kjk foLr`r ifj;kstuk fjiksVZ¼Mhihvkj½ eatwj dh tk pqdh gSA

Hkkjr dh fgpfdpkgV vkSj buds ifj.kke Lo:Ik gksus okys foyacksa ds ckotwn bu ifj;kstukvksa dsdk;kZfUor gksus dh vis{kk gS D;ksafd ;s ifj;kstuk,a 10]000 eSxkokV ds y{; dks gkfly djus ds fy,t:jh gSa] gkykafd 2020 rd dk;Z iwjk djus ds y{; dks gkfly djuk dfBu gSA

20 HkwVku esa 15&16 twu 2014 ds nkSjku Hkkjrh; iz/kku ea=h Jh ujsanz eksnh ds jktdh; nkSjs ij Hkkjr&HkwVku la;qDr izSloDrO;] HkwVku esa Hkkjrh; nwrkokl http://www.indianembassythimphu.bt/pages.php?id=96) ij miyC/k gSA

21 HkwVku esa fuos’k dks ysdj fo|qr ea=ky; esa vk’kadk]Þ Vkbel vkQ bafM;k] uoEcj 2009http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/biz/india-business/Power-ministry-jittery-on-Bhutan-investments/articleshow/

5221152.cms ij miyC/k gSA22 vekspw ifj;kstuk dh fLFkfr] dq,alsy] ebZ 2014A ns[ksa% http://kuenselonline.com/archive/amochu-project-status-down-

but-not-out/

tyfo|qr ifj;kstuk dk uke {kerk vuqekfur ykxr la;qDr dk;Z lk>snkj

[kksyksaxNw 600 eSxkokV 4076 djksM+Lkryqt ty fo|qr fuxe fyfeVsM] Hkkjr vkSjnzqd xzhu ikoj dkiksZjs’ku ¼Mhthihlh½] HkwVku

cqu[kk tyk’k; ifj;kstuk 180 eSxkokV 2950 djksMfVgjh ty fodkl fuxe ¼Vh,pihlh½] HkkjrvkSj Mhthihlh] HkwVku

okaxNw 570 eSxkokV 4060 djksM+ ,ltsoh,u fyfeVsM] Hkkjr vkSj Mhthihlh] HkwVku

pedkjNw 770 eSxkokV 3500 djksM+ ,u,pihlh] Hkkjr vkSj Mhthihlh] HkwVku

lzksr % ,f’k;k fodkl cSad vkSj dsanzh; fo|qr izkf/kdj.k] Hkkjr ns[ksa% : http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/linked-docu-ments/44444-013-dc.pdf and http://cea.nic.in/reports/monthly/hydro/2015/bhutan-08.pdf


Hkkjr vkSj HkwVku ds ikjLifjd ykHkHkwVku vkSj Hkkjr ds chp tyfo|qr lg;ksx dks nksuksa ns’kksa ds fy, ykHkdkjh lg;ksx crk;k tkrkgSA23 tgka blus Hkkjr dks LoPN fo|qr iznku dh gS] ogha blus HkwVku dks vius xzkeh.k fo|qrhdj.kdk;ZØe dk foLrkj djus vkSj fu;kZr ls vk; izkIr djus esa Hkh lgk;rk iznku dh gSA

vkdyuksa ds vuqlkj bl le; HkwVku esa dqN fo|qrtuu ds 75 izfr’kr dk Hkkjr dks fu;kZr fd;ktkrk gS vkSj bl rjg HkwVku tks jktLo ;k vk; izkIr djrk gS og mlesa 40 izfr’kr dk vkSj ldy?kjsyw mRikn ¼thMhih½ esa 20 izfr’kr ls dqN vf/kd dk ;ksxnku djrk gSA o”kZ 2020 rd bl ;ksxnkuds jktLo esa 75 izfr’kr rd vkSj ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ¼thMhih½ esa 50 izfr’kr rd c<+us dh vis{kkdh tkrh gSA24

HkwVku ,d Hkwfe ls f?kjk] d`f”k fuHkZj ns’k gS ftlds ikl lhfer lalk/ku vkSj ,slk Hkw {ks= gS tgkabaÝkLVªDpj dk fodkl cgqr egaxk iM+ ldrk gSA25 bl n`f”V ls ns[ksa rks HkwVku ljdkj us viusfo’kky Tky lalk/kuksa dk mi;ksx fd;k gSA blls bl ns’k dh fLFkfr esa Ik;kZIr lq/kkj vk;k gSA

gky ds o”kksZa esas HkwVku esa xjhch dkQh vf/kd ?kVh gSA 2007 vkSj 2012 ds chp HkwVku esa xjhcksa dhla[;k esa deh vkbZ gS vkSj 2007 esa 23 izfr’kr ls o”kZ 2012 esa mudh la[;k vk/kh gks pqdh gSA26 bldsvykok vR;f/kd xjhch dks yxHkx lekIr fd;k tk pqdk gSA27

,sls esa dbZ ykHk esxk tyfo|qr ifj;kstukvksa ds fuekZ.k ls mRiUu gksrs gSa tSls dh LFkkuh; vkcknhds fy, jkstxkj] LFkkuh; vFkZO;oLFkk dks c<+kok feyuk D;ksafd bu ifj;kstukvksa esa fons’kh ewy dehZizkstsDV lkbV esa dke djrs djrs gSa vkSj baÝkLVªDpj l`tu tSls fd lM+d fuekZ.kA28

bl rjg ns[ksa rks tyfo|qr HkwVku dh vFkZO;oLFkk dk vk/kkj gSA ;g HkwVku dh orZeku ;kstuk vof/kesa 8 izfr’kr dh vkSlr nj ls fodkl djus vkSj o”kZ 2020 rd vkfFkZd vkRefuHkZjrk gkfly djusds fy, eq[; gS] rkfd og bl izfØ;k esa e/;e vk; okyk ns’k cu ldsA29

23 Hkkjrh; iz/kkuea=h ds HkwVku nkSjs ¼28 tuojh] 2015½ ds nkSjku tkjh la;qDr izSl&foKfIr esa ty fo|qr lg;ksx dks nksuksans’kksa ds fy, ykHknk;d fLFkfr crk;k x;k gSA ns[ksa% http://mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/24696/

Joint_Press_Release_on_the_Official_Visit_of_Prime_Minister_of_Bhutan_to_India24 yhu] gqbZgqbZ vkSj fLeFk jlsy] ÞHkwVku esa fo|qr mi;ksx] vkmViqV vkSj O;kikj]Þ fnlacj 2014

http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/152765/south-asia-wp-034.pdf ij ns[ksaA25 HkwVku vkSj Hkkjr ds chp tyfo|qr {ks= esa lg;ksx nzqd xzhu ikoj dkjiksjs’ku dk izLrqrhdj.k] ,l,,vkjlh 25] flracj

2010 26 HkwVku ns’k dh >yfd;ka] fo’o cSad] ekpZ 2014 http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/

Worldbank/document/SAR/bhutan-country-snapshot-spring-2014.pdf ij miyC/k gSA27 ogh28 ogh29 HkwVku vkfFkZd fLFkfr] fo’o cSad] flracj 2011 http://siteresources.worldbank.org/BHUTANEXTN/Resources/

BhutanEconomicUpdate.pdf ij miyC/k gSA


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fu;ksftr tyfo|qr ifj;kstukvksa dk izHkkobu fo’kky ifj;kstukvksa dh dkQh vkykspuk dh xbZ gS vkSj muds laHkkfor Ik;kZoj.k laca/kh] vkfFkZdvkSj lkekftd izHkkoksa dks ysdj vusd loky Hkh mBk;s x;s gSaA

Ik;kZoj.k laca/kh leL;k,a

bl ckr dks ysdj dkQh fpark ekStwn gS fd ;s ifj;kstuk,a ifj;kstuk {ks= ds isM+&ikS/kksa vkSj tho&tarqvksadks ges’kk ds fy, u”V dj nsaxhA mnkgj.k ds fy, iqurlkaxNw ifj;kstuk,a lQsn isV okys gsjksu vkSjlqugjh e’khj tSlh iztkfr;ksa ds Ik;kZokl dks u”V dj ldrh gSaA30 ;s nksuksa iztkfr;ka vkbZ;wlh,u dhÞjsM fyLVÞ esa gSa ¼;kfu fd egRoiw.kZ :Ik ls [krjs dh fLFkfr esa gSa½A31

iqurlkaxNw&1] HkwVku dk fuekZ.klzksr% https://www.bauer.de/en/bst/references/cutoffwalls/punatsangchu_ bhutan.html

30 esgrk] lehj] Þcka/k fuekZ.k us HkwVku dh gfjr Nfo dks fcxkM+kÞA fn FkMZ iksy] 15 ekpZ2013http://www.thethirdpole.net/2013/03/15/dam-building-spoils-bhutans-green-image-1/ ij miyC/k gSA

31 iwjh lwph izkIr djus ds fy, ns[ksa% http://www.iucnredlist.org/


ladks’k cka/k dks ysdj tks vk’kadk,a trkbZ tk jgh gSa os vkSj Hkh xaHkhj gSaA blds tyk’k; ds nfl;ksafdyksehVj esa QSyus dh vis{kk dh tkrh gSA Hkkjrh; ouu ‘kks/k vkSj f’k{kk ifj”kn }kjk rS;kj dh xbZIk;kZoj.k izHkko vkdyu ¼bZvkbZ,½ fjiksVZ ds vuqlkj ladks’k cka/k bl {ks= dh tSofofo/krk ij foijhrizHkko Mkysxk32 vkSj blls if’pe caxky ds cqDlk cka/k vH;kj.; ¼chVhvkj½ ds fy, Hkh [krjk [kM+kgks ldrk gSA cqDlk cka/k vH;kj.; ¼chVhvkj½ ladks’k unh ds fdukjs ij fLFkr gS vkSj bl unh dsizkd`frd cgko esa FkksM+k&lk cnyko ykus ls ou {ks= ds dbZ Hkkx Mwc ldrs gSaA33

blh rjg dh fpark,a ekul jk”Vªh; ikdZ ds laca/k esa ekaxMsNw cka/k dks ysdj izdV dh tk jgh gSaA o”kZ2012 esa HkwVku ljdkj dks ;qusLdks dh oYMZ gSfjVst lfefr esa vpkud vfrfjDr ikuh ds cgko dksysdj ftlls ck<+ vk ldrh gS & bZvkbZ, djus ds funsZ’k fn;s FksA34 ysfdu ljdkj us bl tkudkjhds ckjs esa T;knk c<+kok ugha fn;kA35 gky gh esa vle ds eq[;ea=h r#.k xksxksbZ us dksyksaNw cka/k dsÅij ls vkus ds laHkkfor izHkko dks ysdj iz’u mBk;s FksA36

HkwVku ,sls izeq[k fgeky;h {ks= esa fLFkr gS tgka dHkh Hkh Hkwdai vk ldrs gSaA HkwVku dh ifjfLFkfrddetksjh dh otg ls gky ds o”kksZa esa ;gka tyok;q laca/kh cnyko vk jgs gSaA37

HkwVku ds XySf’k;lZ rsth ls fi?kyrs tk jgs gSa vkSj ;gka XySf’k;jksa ls ck<+ vkus ¼th,yvks,Ql½ dhvf/kdkf/kd ?kVuk,a lekus vk ldrh gSaA38

;s ck<+sa vkSj ;s Hkwdai tyfo|qr ifj;kstukvksa dks [krjs esa Mky ldrs gSaA blds vykok] XySf’k;jksa dsfi?kyus] ekSle vkSj cQZ fxjus ds rjhdksa esa cnyko vkus ls unh ds Lrjksa esa deh vk;sxh vkSj cka/kksadk dk;Z laHko ugha gks ik;sxkA39

32 Þladks’k ifj;kstuk ds fy, xaHkhj fufgrkFkZ] ÞfctuSl HkwVku] fnlacj 2012: http://www.businessbhutan.bt/?p=11108 esans[ksaA

33 ÞizLrkfor 2560 esxkokn dh Hkkjr&HkwVku fo|qr ifj;kstuk ck/k vH;kj.; ds fy, laHkkfor [krjk] fn bDukWfed VkbEl]fnlacj 2012 : http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-12-10/news/35726584_1_2560 mw-btr-

hydropower-project ij miyC/k gSA34 Ekkuo oU; thou lsaDpqvjh lfefr }kjk rS;kj dh xbZ ,lvkslh fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS fd bl vk’k; dk ,d i= 18 ebZ]

2012 dks HkwVku dh jkT; ikVhZ dks Hkstk x;k FkkA 35 ifj;kstuk ds ckjs esa HkwVku dh pqIih] fn VsfyxzkQ] 12 ebZ 2014 http://www.telegraphindia.com/1140512/jsp/

northeast/story_18332018.jsp#.VtKZjH197Mw ij miyC/k gSA36 Þr#.k xksxksbZ HkwVku ifj;kstuk ls vkus okys ikuh ds izHkko ls fpafrr] fn bDukWfed VkbEl]

http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-06-19/news/50711060_1_dam-project-tarun-gogoi-bhutan ijmiyC/k gSA

37 nf{k.k ,f’k;k foink Kku usVodZ }kjk rS;kj dh xbZ fjiksVZ esa dgk x;k gS fd HkwVku fo’o ds Hkwdai dh n`f”V ls lclslaosnu’khy {ks= esa fLFkr gSA vfrfjDr tkudkjh ds fy, ns[ksa% http://www.saarc-sadkn.org/countries/

bhutan/hazard_profile.aspx38 D;k ;s cM+s cka/k HkwVku dh [kq’kh dks nq[k esa cny nsaxs] fn xkftZ;u] ebZ 2015 ns[ksa% http://www.theguardian.com/

sustainable-business/2015/may/20/will-mega-dams-turn-bhutans-happiness-sour39 ogh


Page 19

40 mnkgj.k ds fy, ty vkSj fo|qr ijke’kZ lsokvksa ¼MCY;w,ihlhvks,l½ dks HkwVku dh cM+h ifj;kstukvksa dk v/;;u djus dkdke lkSaik x;k] ij Hkkjrh; ifj;kstukvksa ds ckjs esa mlds dk;Z dh vkykspuk dh xbZA ns[ksahttp://www.internationalrivers.org/blogs/328-5 and https://sandrp.wordpress.com/2014/08/19/sach-khas-hydro-

project-in-chenab-basin-another-example-of-wapcoss-shoddy-eia/41 Þxksbax gkbij vkWu gkbMjks dq,alsy] 6 tuojh 2014] http://kuenselonline.com/archive/going-hyper-on-hydro/ ij

miyC/k gSA42 ogh43 izLrkfor 2560 esxkokV ifj;kstuk cka/k vH;kj.; ds fy, [krjk cu ldrh gS] fn bDukWfed VkbEl 10 fnlacj 2012

http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-12-10/news/35726584_1_2560mw-btr-hydropower-project ijmiyC/k gSA

44 veksNw tyk’k; dh otg ls lcls iqjkus leqnk; dk foLFkku] HkwVku izlkj.k lsok] 5 fnlacj 2012A ns[ksa:http://www.bbs.bt/news/?p=20340

Ik;kZoj.k izHkko v/;;uksa ls bu lgh vk’kadkvksa vkSj Mjksa dk FkksM+k gh irk py ikrk gSA vf/kdrjekeyksa esa Hkkjrh; lkoZtfud ,tsafl;ksa ;k ijke’kZnkrk daifu;ksa ds v/;;uksa dks lkoZtfud ugha fd;kx;k gS ftlls bl iwjh izfØ;k dks ysdj lansg izdV fd;s tkrs gSaA40

vkfFkZd eqn~ns

HkwVku dh ljdkj vlekuqikfrd ¼fMLiziks’kZuyh½ tyfo|qr {ks= ij fuHkZj gSA bl {ks= ij vR;f/kdfuHkZjrk dh otg ls HkwVku ds nwljs {ks=ksa ij izHkko iM+k gS D;ksafd tyfo|qr ifj;kstukvksa ij dkQhiSlk [kpZ djuk iM+rk gS vkSj nwljs {ks=ksa ds fy, _.k miyC/k ugha gks ikrkA41 HkwVku dk futh {ks=tks vHkh NksVh voLFkk esa gS] bldh otg ls fodflr ugha gks ik jgk gSA

bu ifj;kstukvksa ds iwjk u gks ikus ij HkwVku ljdkj ds fu;ksftr fodkl ds fy, xaHkhj ifj.kke gksaxsAbldk dkj.k tyfo|qr jktLo ij yxHkx iwjh rjg ls fuHkZjrk gSA42

lkekftd ljksdkj

HkwVku esa bu tyfo|qr ifj;kstukvksa ls LFkkuh; vkcknh dk foLFkkiu gksxkA ;g vkadyu fd;k tkrkgS fd vdsys ladks’k ifj;kstuk dh otg ls yxHkx 13 xkao ikuh esa Mwc tk;saxsA43

vkeksNw tyfo|qr ifj;kstuk ds fy, ÞyksiklÞ ;k Mks;kß tkfr;ksa ds foLFkkiu dk [krjk gSA ;s blns’k ds lcls iqjkus fuoklh gSaA veksNw tyk’k; ls ÞMks;kß tkfr ds ikap esa ls rhu xkao tyeXu gkstk;saxsA44


ns’k esa izoklh etnwjksa ds lrr :Ik ls vkus dh otg ls dqN vYidkfyd leL;k,a Hkh ekStwn gSaAigys rks ;g fd Hkkjrh; fuekZ.k daifu;ksa }kjk tyfo|qr ifj;kstukvksa ds dk;Z esa Hkkjrh; etnwjksadks dke ij j[kus dh otg ls HkwVkuh yksxksa ds chp vlarks”k dh Hkkouk iSnk gqbZ gSA45 nwljs] fonsf’k;ksads dkQh la[;k esa vkus dh otg ls lhfer lalk/kuksa ij dkQh ncko iM+k gS ftlls ifj;kstuk LFkyksads fudV jgus okys LFkkuh; leqnk;ksa ds lkFk izfr;ksfxrk us tUe fy;k gSA46

fu”d”kZ

HkwVku ds lkFk Hkkjr ds O;kikj vkSj fodkl laca/kksa esa etcwrh vkuk tkjh gSA HkwVku vius fu;kZrksa dkyxHkx 60 izfr’kr Hkkjr dks fu;kZr djrk gS vkSj Hkkjr ls vius dqYk vk;krksa dk 75 izfr’kr izkIrdjrk gSA47 gky esa HkwVku ds lgk;rk ctV esa yxHkx 50 izfr’kr dh o`f) dh xbZ gS( bl lgk;rkdh jkf’k 2014 esa 4100 djksM+ #i;s Fkh ftls 2015 esa c<+kdj 6160 djksM+ dj fn;k x;k gSA orZekuesa Hkkjr HkwVku ls 1-5 thMCY;w tyfo|qr vk;kr djrk gS vkSj ;g vkdyu fd;k x;k gS fd2017&2022 rd og eq[;r% HkwVku ls 8 thMCY;w ÅtkZ dk vk;kr djsxkA48

ÅtkZ vkRe&fuHkZjrk dh Hkkjr dh ;kstukvksa ds fy, HkwVku egRoiw.kZ gS] ij lkFk gh og Hkkjr ds fy,mldk j.kuhfrd ewY; Hkh gSA iwohZ HkwVku esa MksDyke iBkj ij & tks fd flfDde ds iwoZ esa flfyxqM+hdSjhMksj dh vksj gS & phu dk nkok Hkkjr ds fy, xgu fpark dk fo”k; jgk gS( vxj phu bl ijfu;a=.k dj ysrk gS rks og iwokZsÙkj jkT;ksa rd Hkkjr dh igaqp dks jksd ldrk gSA49 blfy, HkwVkudks Hkkjr dh fodkl lgk;rk volajpuk laca/kh lgk;rk iznku djus vkSj Hkkjr ds ÅtkZ vkSj lqj{kkfgr lqfuf’pr djus dh n`f”V ls] c<+rs tkus dh vis{kk dh tkrh gSA

45 HkwVku us Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa ds jkstxkj izLrko dks ukeatwj fd;k] fn bDukfed VkbEl] twu 2014A ns[ksa%http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2009-06-14/news/28416443_1_bhutan-and-india-bhutanese-head-

race-tunnel46 tSDc] fuR;] ÞizlUurk ds lkFk HkwVku dk vuqHko] Mkmu Vq vFkZ] vDVwcj] 2013A ns[ksa% http://www.downtoearth.org.in/

content/bhutan-s-experiments-happiness?page=0,147 HkwVku vkSj cM+h ‘kfDr;ksa dh jLlkd’kh] fn fMIyksesaV 2 vxLr 2014 http://thediplomat.com/2014/08/bhutan-and-the-

great-power-tussle/ ij miyC/k gSA48 jk”Vª ikjh; fo|qr O;kikj ¼vk;kr½] 2047] uhfr vk;ksxA ns[ksa http://indiaenergy.gov.in/supply_eleimport.php49 ÞHkwVku vkSj cM+h ‘kfDr;ksa dh jLlkd’khÞ] fn fMIyksesaV] 2 vxLr 2014A ns[ksa% http://thediplomat.com/2014/08/bhutan-

and-the-great-power-tussle/


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50 vf/kdkjh] eksukfylk] Þjktuhfr vksj usiky dks Hkkjrh; lgk;rk ds ckjs esa fopkj] LVsVSftd ,ukfyfll] ebZ 2014 38:3,

325-340, DOI: 10.1080/09700161.2014.89523651 ogh52 vkmVde ctV] fons’k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj

usikyLakf{kIr voyksduHkkjr ds usiky ds lkFk vR;f/kd ?kfu”B lkaLd`frd vkSj vkfFkZd laca/k jgs gSaA nksuksa ns’kksa ds chpyksxksa ls yksxksa ds chp laidZ dh ,d yach ijaijk jgh gS ftlesa [kqyh ljgnksa vkSj ,d ns’k esa nwljsns’k ds yksxksa dh egRoiw.kZ mifLFkfr lgk;d jgh gSA

Tkc usiky us viuh fodkl uhfr;ksa dks foÙkiksf”kr djus ds fy, fons’kh lgk;rk ysuk vkjaHk fd;k rksHkkjr mu igys ns’kksa esa ls Fkk ftUgksaus usiky dks lgk;rk iznku dhA mls lM+d] gokbZ vM~Ms] jsyos]tyfo|qr vkSj flapkbZ dk;ksZa ls lacaf/kr cM+h&cM+h ifj;kstukvksa dks lgk;rk iznku djus ds fy,1954 esa dkBekaMw esa Hkkjrh; lgk;rk fe’ku dh LFkkiuk dhA50 rF; ;g gS fd Hkkjr }kjk iznku dhxbZ lgk;rk dk 85 izfr’kr 1989 rd ifjogu] ÅtkZ vkSj lapkj ij O;; fd;k tkrk FkkA51 mldsckn ls Hkkjr dh lgk;rk NksVs iSekus dh vkSj LFkkuh; ifj;kstukvksa ds fy, iznku dh xbZ gSA ;stehuh Lrj dh igydnfe;ka eq[;r% LokLF;] f’k{kk vkSj lkeqnkf;d fodkl {ks=ksa esa dh xbZ gSaA

orZeku foÙk o”kZ ¼2015&2016½ esa Hkkjr us usiky dks xSj&ifj;kstuk O;; ds varxZr 420 djksM+Hkkjrh; #i;s vkoafVr fd;s gSaA52

la'kksf/kr vkdyu ¼Hkkjrh; #i;s½ chbZ ¼izLrkfor½ ¼Hkkjrh; #i;s½okLrfod laforj.k ¼Hkkjrh; #i;s½*2011-12 2012-13 2011-2012

150 djksM+ 270 djksM+ 303 djksM+2012-2013 2013-2014 2012-2013



300 djksM+ 420 djksM+ miyC/k ugha gS

*foÙk ea=ky;] usiky }kjk lwfpr fd;s vuqlkj lzksr% fons’k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj] vkmVde ctV ¼2012&2013] 2013&2014] 2014&2015 vkSj 2015&2016½ vkSj foÙkea=ky; usiky fodkl lg;ksx fjiksVZ ¼2012&2013] 2013&2014½

usiky dks fodkl foÙk ¼2011&2015½


Hkkjr us vxLr 2014 esa Hkkjrh; iz/kkuea=h dh usiky ;k=k ds nkSjku 6000 djksM+ Hkkjrh; #i;ksa dk_.k nsus dh ?kks”k.kk Hkh dh gSA53 blds varxZr ,d izfr’kr okf”kZd dh fjvk;rh nj ij _.k fn;ktk;sxk tks tyfo|qr] flapkbZ vkSj vU; ;kstukvksa ds fy, gksxkA54 Hkkjr us usiky dks 2007 esa _.kfn;k Fkk ftldk mi;ksx lM+d ifj;kstukvksa] xzkeh.k fo|qrdj.k ifj;kstukvksa] tyfo|qr ifj;kstukvksa]vkfn ds fy, fd;k x;kA55 o”kZ 2010 esa fQj ls Hkkjr us usiky dks 1500 djksM+ Hkkjrh; #i;ksa dk_.k fn;k ftldk mi;ksx vc rd fo|qr lapj.k vkSj lM+d ifj;kstukvksa ds fy, fd;k x;k gSA56

fons’kh vuqnku usiky dh thMhih ¼ldy ?kjsyw mRikn½ esa 6 izfr’kr dk ;ksxnku djrk gSA o”kZ2013&14 vkSj o”kZ 2014&15 esa ;g ldy jk”Vªh; ctV dk 22 izfr’kr vkSj 20 izfr’kr FkkA57 blns’k esa vf/kdrj fodkl dk;Z fons’kh enn ls gksrs gSa] blfy, usiky vusd cgqi{kh; vkSj f}i{kh;vuqnkudrkZvksa ij fuHkZj gSA

vejhdk ds lkFk Hkkjr vusd o”kksZa esa usiky dk izeq[k vuqnkudrkZ jgk gSA ij gky ds o”kksZa esa Hkkjrds ;ksxnku esa dkQh deh vk;h gSA ij blds ckotwn Hkh Hkkjr usiky ds fy, izeq[k vuqnkudrkZ cukjgk gSA

vkbZVhbZlhusiky vkbZVhbZlh dk;ZØeksa vkSj lkFk gh dksyacks ;kstuk ds ek/;e ls Hkkjr ds lkFk tqM+k jgk gSA1270 usikyh vkosndksa us vc rd dk;ZØeksa esa fgLlk fy;k gSA blds vykok o”kZ 2013&2014 esafofHkUu ;kstukvksa ds varxZr usikyh Nk=ksa dks 3000 Nk=o`fÙk;ka iznku dh xbZ gSaA58 usiky dh viuhgky dh ;k=k ds nkSjku Hkkjrh; iz/kkuea=h us usiky dks vkbZVhbZlh ds varxZr usiky ds LykV~l dksc<+kus dh ?kks”k.kk dh gSA igys usiky ds ikl 180 LYkkWV~l gksrs Fks ftUgsa vc c<+k dj 250 dj fn;kx;k gSA59

53 iz/kkuea=h eksnh us usiky dks ,d vjc vejhdh Mkyj dk _.k nsus dh ?kks”k.kk dh] ,uMhVhoh] 4 vxLr] 2014A ns[ksa%http://www.ndtv.com/india-news/pm-modi-announces-us-1-billion-concessional-line-of-credit-to-nepal-608329

54 Hkkjr usiky dks fn;s tkus okys _.k ij ,d izfr’kr O;kt nj yxk ldrk gS] fctuSl LVSaMMZ] 21 vxLr 2014A ns[ksa%http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/india-likely-to-charge-one-percent-interest-on-line-of-credit-

extended-to-nepal-114082100734_1.html55 Okkf”kZd fjiksVZ] fons’k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj56 ogh57 fodkl lg;ksx fjiksVZ 2013&2014] fons’k ea=ky;] usiky58 Hkkjr&usiky laca/k] Hkkjrh; nwrkokl] dkBekaMw] usiky ns[ksa% http://www.indianembassy.org.np/index1.php?

option=e6r5wlVM8od_u8Y0CdwsDiTfg0cohLLpEcNS8hphu0&id=uG6ODD6pDmyQZ2GVuAigr3dw3JsYiyXh

alcKLgM4KoQ59 4 vxLr] 2014 dks iz/kkuea=h ds usiky nkSjs ds le; la;qDr izSl oDrO; http://www.mea.gov.in/bilateral-

documents.htm?dtl/23807/Joint_Press_Statement_on_the_Visit_of_the_Prime_Minister_to_Nepal ij miyC/k gSA


Page 23

f}i{kh; lg;ksx ds {ks=Hkkjr }kjk usiky dks nh tkus okyh lgk;rk vc de foHkkftr gks xbZ gSA Hkkjrh; vuqnku vkSj _.kksadk mn~ns’; usiky dks tyfo|qr] lhek laidZ] flapkbZ vkSj ty lalk/kuksa vkSj NksVh fodkl ifj;kstukvksa¼,lMhih½ esa enn djuk gSA

volajpuk ¼baÝLVªDpj½ ifj;kstuk,a

¼1½ lhek&laidZ ifj;kstuk,a

Hkkjr vkSj usiky lM+d usVodZ] jsyos vkSj vkbZlhiht ds {ks= esa lg;ksx dj jgs gSaA ;g vk’kkdh tkrh gS fd bu ifj;kstukvksa dh lgk;rk ls lkekuksa] lsokvksa vkfn dks ,d nwljs ns’k rdigqapus esa enn feysxhA

bu nksuksa ns’kksa & ;kuh Hkkjr vkSj usiky us 2010 ds nkSjku usiky ds rjkbZ {ks= esa lM+dksa dsfuekZ.k ds fy, ,d le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj fd;s FksA60

lzksr% foÙk ea=ky; usiky ¼2012&2013 vkSj 2013&2014½

60 vkfFkZd lg;ksx ds ckjs esa] Hkkjrh; nwrkokl dkBekaMw] usikyA http://www.indianembassy.org.np/index1.php?

option=e6r5wlVM8od_u8Y0CdwsDiTfg0cohLLpEcNS8hphu-0&id=-EGHyaB

CD6junVNwzqyGwQbVOlMxRvkf7iSxvE3Ryk ij miyC/k gSA

igys ikap f}i{kh; vuqnkrk ¼Hkkjrh; #i;ksa esa½

bl ifj;kstuk ds igys pj.k dh‘kq:vkr gks pqdh gSA bl pj.kesa 700 djksM+ #i;s dh ykxr ls605 fd-eh- yach iksLVy lM+dksadk fuekZ.k fd;k tk;sxkA61

Hkkjr vkSj usiky us Hkkjr&usikylhek ds pkj izeq[k LFkkuksa ijvkbZlhiht ds fy, vuqca/k HkhgLrk{kfjr fd;k gSA ;s LFkku gSajDlkSy ] chjxat] lqukSyh HkSjgok]tksckuh&fcjrkuxj vkSjusikyxat ¼Hkkjr½&usikyxat¼usiky½62

Ifj;kstuk ds igys pj.k esa 270 djksM+ #i;s dh ykxr ls jDlkSy&chjxat vkSjtksxokuh&fcjrkuxj vkbZlhiht dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk;sxkA63

Ok”kZ 2010 esa gLrk{kfjr le>kSrk i= ds varxZr Hkkjr vkSj usiky Hkkjr&usiky lhek ij ikapLFkkuksa esa jsy laidZ fuekZ.k ij lger gq, FksA64

Page 24


lzksr % fn dkBekaMw iksLV] fizV ,Mh’ku] 30 uoEcj] 2014 http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/printedition/news/2014-11-29/work-on-two-railway-links-under-way.html esa miyC/k gS

rjkbZ lM+d ifj;kstuk vkHkkj% vkWctoZj fjlpZ QkmaMs’ku dh Hkkjr dsfodkl lg;ksx ij fo’ks”k fjiksVZ

61 vkfFkZd lg;ksx ds ckjs esa Hkkjrh; nwrkokl] dkBekaMw usikyA ns[ksa% http://www.indianembassy.org.np/index1.php?option=e6r5wlVM8od_u8Y0CdwsDiTfg0cohLLpEcNS8hphu-0&id=-EGHyaBCD6junVNwzqyGwQbVOlMxRvkf7iSxvE3Ryk

62 ogh63 ogh64 nks jsy laidkZa ij dk;Z] fn dkBekaMw iksLV] uoEcj 2014 http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/printedition/news/2014-

11-29/work-on-two-railway-links-under-way.html ij miyC/k gSA


Page 25

¼2½ tyfo|qr ifj;kstuk,a

Hkkjr us usiky esa tyfo|qr {ks= ds fodkl esa eq[; Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA dks’kh ugj esa drS;kikojgkml dk fuekZ.k Hkkjr dh lgk;rk ls fd;k x;k vkSj fQj f=’kqyh] nsoh?kkV vkSj Qsoktyfo|qr ifj;kstukvksa dk dke iwjk fd;k x;kA65 blds ckn Hkkjr vkSj usiky us 1971 esafo|qr vknku&iznku le>kSrk gLrk{kfjr fd;k ftlls lhekorhZ {ks=ksa esa VªkafLe’ku dscYl dsek/;e ls fo|qr vknku&iznku laHko gqvkA66

2014 esa nksuksa ns’kksa us fo|qr O;kikj le>kSrk gLrk{kfjr fd;kA blds varxZr usiky vkSj Hkkjrus ,d vkSipkfjd f}i{kh; dk;Zra= LFkkfir fd;k tks mUgsa VªkafLe’ku laidZ fodflr djus] fxzMlaidZ dks c<+kus vkSj lkoZtfud] futh rFkk la;qDr mn~;eksa ds ek/;e ls fo|qr O;kikj vkSjfuos’k dks lqxe cukus esa enn djrk gSA67

,d ,slk gh la;qDr iz;kl vij djukyh ifj;kstuk gSA blds varxZr 8750 djksM+ #i;s dhvuqekfur ykxr ls usiky ds MSys[k] lqj[ksr vkSj vNke ftyksa esa Hkkjr ds th,evkj xzqi }kjk900 eSxkokV {kerk okys cka/k dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk jgk gSA ;g vc rd usiky esa fd;k x;k lclscM+k fons’kh fuos’k gSA68

Tkyfo|qr la;a= dh vfrfjDr fo|qr 400 dsoh dh nksgjh VªkafLe’ku ykbu ds ek/;e ls & ftlsHkkjrh; ikoj fxzM fuxe ls tksM+k x;k gS & Hkkjr dks fu;kZr dh tk;sxhA69

¼3½ flapkbZ vkSj ty lalk/ku

bl le; Hkkjr usiky ds fofHkUu ftyksa esa 3700 V~;wc oSYl dk fuekZ.k dj jgk gSA bl ifj;kstukdh ykxr 22 djksM+ #i;s gSA70 Hkkjr us lqulkjh] >kik] lIrkjh vkSj fljgk ftyksa esa 22 xgjsV~;wc oSYl yxkus esa Hkh enn dh FkhA

65 fooj.k ;gka ls izkIr fd;s tk ldrs gSa http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/hydro/nepal.pdf

66 Hkkjr&usiky laca/k] fons’k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj] http://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Nepal_July_2014_.pdf

67 varr% usiky vksj Hkkjr us fo|qr O;kikj le>kSrk gLrk{kfjr fd;k] fctusl LVSMMZ] 21 vDVwcj] 2014A ns[ksa :

http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/finally-nepal-india-sign-power-trade-agreement-

114102101037_1.html

68 usiky us 900 eSxkokV dh Åij djukyh ifj;kstuk ds fy, ihMh, dks eatwjh nh] fgUnqLrku VkbEl] 18 fnlacj 2014http://www.hindustantimes.com/world/nepal-approves-pda-for-900mw-upper-karnali-project/story-wVSLx8jHO5jOwyjOid38jO.html ij miyC/k gSA

69 fo’o cSad us usiky dks VªkafLe’ku ykbu cukus ds fy, 222 djksM+ Hkkjrh; #i;ksa dk _.k fn;k gSA fctuSl LVSaMMZl] 8vxLr 2013A ns[ksa% http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/37-mn-world-bank-loan-for-india-nepal-transmission-line-113080800776_1.html

70 Hkkjr vkSj usiky vkfFkZd fodkl esa Lkk>snkjh] dkBekaMw fLFkr Hkkjrh; nwrkokl }kjk rS;kjA ns[ksa%http://www.indianembassy.org.np/uploaded/economic_cooperation/ Economic_Cooperation.ppt.

Tky lalk/kuksa esa lg;ksx dk nwljk egRoiw.kZ {ks= unh izf’k{k.k vkSj ck<+ izca/ku rFkk fu;a=.k gSAHkkjr ljdkj usiky dks 2008 ls deyk] ckxerh vkSj ykycds;k ufn;ksa ds rVca/kksa ds foLrkjds fy, foÙkh; lgk;rk iznku dj jgh gSA71 vc rd bl mn~ns’; ls 205 djksM+ #i;s iznkufd;s x;s FksA72 blds vykok Hkkjr us usiky esa xxu] frjtqxk] yx[kaMh] lqulkjh] dudbZ vkSjdkyhxaMdh ufn;ksa ls ck<+ cpko ds fy, 14 djksM+ #i;s dh vuqnku lgk;rk iznku djus dhizfrc)rk dh gSA73

Hkkjr dh lgk;rk ls fufeZr vU; ifj;kstuk,a bl izdkj gSa & dkBekaMw esa vkikRdkyhu&lg&VªkmekdsUnz ¼100 djksM+ Hkkjrh; #i;ksa dh ykxr ls½] fcjkVuxj esa ¼25 djksM+ Hkkjrh; #i;ksa dhvuqekfur ykxr ls½] vkSj gSrkSnk esa ¼38 djksM+ Hkkjrh; #i;ksa dh ykxr ls½ ikWyhVSDuhd laLFkkuA74

Yk?kq fodkl ifj;kstuk,a

Hkkjr vkSj usiky us y?kq fodkl dk;ZØe ;kstuk dh ‘kq:vkr 2003 esa dh FkhA blds ckn bl vuqca/ki= dks 2006] 2008 vkSj 2011 esa la’kksf/kr fd;k x;kA75

bu y?kq fodkl ifj;kstukvksa ij 3-12 djksM+ Hkkjrh #i;s ¼5 djksM+ usikyh #i;s½ dh ykxr vk jghgS vkSj ;s eq[;r% f’k{kk] LokLF; ns[kjs[k vkSj leqnk; vclajpuk ds {ks= esa gSaA buds varxZr Ldwyksa]iqLrdky;ksa] fo’ks”kK izf’k{k.k laLFkkuksa] izkFkfed LokLF; ns[kjs[k dsanzksa] vLirkyksa dh LFkkiuk] y?kqtyfo|qr ifj;kstuk,a] xzkeh.k is; ty ifj;kstuk,a vkfn ‘kkfey gSA bu ifj;kstukvksa ds ek/;e ls,cqysal] fpfdRlk midj.k iznku djus] vka[kksa dh eq¶r tkap ds f’kfojksa ds vk;kstu dh O;oLFkk Hkhdh tkrh gSA

;s ifj;kstuk,a izR;{k lkeqnkf;d Hkkxhnkjh ds ekWMy ij vk/kkfjr gSa ftuds varxZr ftyk fodkllfefr] uxjikfydk] ‘kgjh fodkl foHkkx ds izHkkxh; dk;kZy; tSls LFkkuh; fudk;ksa dks lh/ks&lh/ks

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71 Hkkjr&usiky laca/k] fons’k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj] tqykbZ 2014 ns[ksa % http://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Nepal_July_2014_.pdf

72 Ykycsfd;k] ckxerh vkSj deyk ufn;ksa ds rVca/kksa ds fuekZ.k ds fy, Hkkjrh; lgk;rk] Hkkjrh; nwrkokl }kjk tkjh izSlfjyht] 9 fnlacj 2013 http://www.indianembassy.org.np/index2.php?option=Ui3vzctxn5xHZVIBeyayl4Esp_mDrgNifomf1lhLMr4&id=szkN9TIHzHvuwU30tbxSNTOP9ynMAlcxdiB9QhiWOA4 ij miyC/k gSA

73 dkBekaMw fLFkr Hkkjrh; nwrkokl] bldk fooj.k bl ij Hkh miyC/k gSA ns[ksa% http://www.indianembassy.org.np/water-resources/Embankment.doc.

74 ogh75 vkfFkZd lg;ksx] usiky fLFkr Hkkjrh; nwrkokl] ns[ksa% http://www.indianembassy.org.np/index1.php?

option=e6r5wlVM8od_u8Y0CdwsDiTfg0cohLLpEcNS8hphu-0&id=-EGHyaBCD6junVNwzqyGwQbVOlMxRvkf7iSxvE3Ryk)

fuf/k;ka iznku dh tkrh gSaA budh fuxjkuh lfefr esa dk;Zdkjh ,tsalh] lacaf/kr ftyk dk;kZy; vkSjLFkkuh; leqnk; ds usrk ‘kkfey gksrs gSa tks ifj;kstukvksa ds dk;kZU;u ij utj j[krs gSaA76

fuf/k;ksa dh ekax D;ksafd lh/ks&lh/ks LFkkuh; fodkl vf/kdkfj;ksa ls vkrh gS] blfy, ;s ifj;kstuk,aLFkkuh; t:jrksa ij vk/kkfjr gksrh gSa vkSj lh/ks&lh/ks izeq[k ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks ‘kkfey djrh gSA bllsdk;ZØeksa dk LFkkuh; LokfeRo lqfuf’pr gksrk gS vkSj dk;kZUo;u dh izfØ;k Hkh ikjn’khZ vkSj mÙkjnk;hcu tkrh gSA bu ifj;kstukvksa ij de ykxr vkrh gS ftlls dke tYnh vkSj dk;Z{ke rjhds ls gksrs gSaA

;s lHkh NksVh ifj;kstuk,a usiky ds lHkh 75 ftyksa esa lapkfyr dh tk jgh gSaA bl le; 230,lMhiht dk dk;kZUo;u fd;k tk jgk gSA buesa ls 14 ifj;kstuk,a 34-57 djksM+ #i;s ds vuqca/ki= ds varxZr foÙkiksf”kr dh tk jgh gSa ftls o”kZ 2013&2014 esa gLrk{kfjr fd;k x;k FkkA77


Page 27

usiky us= T;ksfr la?k ¼,u,uts,l½ ;kuh Þus’kuy lkslk;Vh Qkj dkafizgSaflo vkbZ ds;jbu usikyß ifj;kstuk dks dkBekaMw esa fLFkr Hkkjrh; nwrkokl ls us= tkap ,oa mipkjf’kojksa ds vk;kstu ds fy, foÙkh; lgk;rk izkIr gks jgh gSA o”kZ 2014 esa usiky us=T;ksfr la?k ¼,u,uts,l½ us usiky ds 40 ftyksa esa 304 Mh,lVh f’kfojksa vkSj 13 lftZdyf’kfojksa dk vk;kstu fd;kA buds varxZr 97]701 yksxksa dh tkap dh xbZ vkSj 15]043yksxksa ds fy, fu%’kqYd dsVsjsDV ¼eksfr;kfca/k½ ltZjh dh O;oLFkk dh xbZA

vc ,u,uts,l }kjk ,lMhiht dk;ZØe }kjk foÙkiksf”kr Ldwy us= LokLF; dk;ZØevk;ksftr fd;k tk jgk gSA o”kZ 2014&15 rd ;g vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd bl dk;ZØedk foLrkj 575 Ldwyksa esa fd;k tk;sxk ftlls yxHkx 4]75]000 Ldwyh cPpksa dh tkapdh tk;sxh vkSj 9]300 cPpksa dks eq¶r p’es fn;s tk ldsaxsAlzksr: http://nnjs.org.np/index/page/national-eye-sight-progra

76 prqosZanh] lfpu] Hkkjr dh fodkl lk>snkjh mRifÙk vkSj fodkl ns[ksa% http://ris.org.in/images/RIS_images/pdf/

FIDC_Sachin_Jan_18_2014.pdf

77 vkfFkZd lg;ksx] usiky fLFkr Hkkjrh; nwrkoklA ns[ksa% http://www.indianembassy.org.np/index1.php?

option=e6r5wlVM8od_u8Y0CdwsDiTfg0cohLLpEcNS8hphu-0&id=-EGHyaB-

CD6junVNwzqyGwQbVOlMxRvkf7iSxvE3Ryk

ekuorkoknh vkSj foink jkgr lgk;rktc vizSy 2015 ds nkSjku usiky esa fouk’kdkjh Hkwdai vk;k rc Hkkjr us usiky esa O;kid jkgr dk;Zfd;k FkkA Hkkjr ljdkj us jk”Vªh; foink izR;qÙkj cy ¼,uvkjMh,Q½ dh Vheksa dks vkSj lkFk gh cpkolkexzh Hkh ogka Hkst nh FkhA ;g dke foink ds dqN ?kaVksa ds vanj gh dj fn;k x;k FkkA foink jkgrds :Ik esa Hkkjr us usiky dks yxHkx 400 djksM+ #i, iznku fd;s FksA78

Hkkjr us usiky dks 6000 Hkkjrh; #i;s iqufuZek.kZ dk;ZØe ds fy, nsus dh opuc)rk Hkh nh gSA blesa,d pkSFkkbZ jkf’k vuqnku ds :Ik esa gksxhA79

usiky ds lkFk Hkkjr ds tqM+ko ds j.kuhfrd vk;keHkkjr ds fy, usiky dk j.kuhfrd n`f”V ls dkQh vf/kd egRo gS D;ksafd ;g Hkkjr vkSj phu ds chpdk ,d ÞcQjÞ jkT; gSA vxj vlfyf;r esa ns[ksa rks Hkkjr usiky dks viuh iwohZ lqj{kk iz.kkyh dk,d vax ekurk gS vkSj usiky esa ckgjh rkdrksa dh mifLFkfr ls mls vlgtrk yxrh gSA80 ;g Hkkoukrc vkSj c<+ tkrh gS tc nksuksa ns’kksa ds chp dh ljgnsa [kqyh gqbZ gksaA igys Hkh bu [kqyh ljgnksa dkQk;nk Lexfyax] vkardokn] vkfn ds fy, fd;k tk pqdk gSA81

vius lqj{kk ra= dh otg ls Hkkjr us usiky dh vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd fLFkjrk ij fo’ks”k tksj fn;kgSA o”kZ 2014 esa usiky esa Hkkjr ds jktnwr jathr jk; us bl t:jr ij cy fn;k Fkk fd usiky esa‘kkafr] fLFkjrk] lqj{kk vkSj laiUurk dh t:jr gSA82 mUgksaus vius lk{kkRdkj esa ;g Hkh dgk fd D;ksafdHkkjr vkSj usiky [kqyh ljgnksa okys iM+kSlh gSa] blfy, mudh lqj{kk laca/kh fpark,a vkSj ljksdkj,d&nwljs ls tqM+s gSa vkSj f}i{kh; laca/kksa dks etcwr cukus ds fy, mUgsa ,d & nwljs ds lkFk vkSjvf/kd vkfFkZd lg;ksx djus dh t:jr gSA

Page 28


78 Hkwdai ls jkgr] Hkkjrh; nwrkokl usiky ns[ksa% http://indianembassy.org.np/index1.php?

option=e6r5wlVM8od_u8Y0CdwsDiTfg0cohLLpEcNS8hphu-0&id=WsFFLrVjbCB3dSlAo0uby5n-

OXtH6pvHftQ_jzuPvPM79 Hkkjr us usiky ds iqufuZekZ.k ds fy,,d vjc vejhdksa lgk;rk nsus dk opu fn;k bafM;u ,DlizSl] 25 twu 2015A ns[ksa%

http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/india-pledges-usd-1-billion-aid-for-nepals-reconstruction-

programme/#sthash.PRNo8plJ.dpuf80 uk;d] fugkj j.kuhfrd fgeky; {ks= usiky vkSj ckgjh rkdrsa] isaVkxu izSl] 201481 nkl iqf”irk dk ;g dguk gS fd [kqyh lhekvksa dk vkardokfn;ksa vkSj vijkf/k;ksa }kjk nq:I;ksx fd;k x;k gSA ns[ksa%

http://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/ ManagetheIndiaNepalBorder_pdas_19091382 lk{kkRdkj dk foLrr fooj.k ;gka ns[kk tk ldrk gS% ns[ksa% http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2014-02-18/nepals-

stability-prosperity-indias-strategic-objective.html


Page 29

83 Hkkjr us egRoiw.kZ ifj;kstukvksa vkSj {ks=ksa esa dke djrs gq, vius lgk;rk {ks=ksa dk foLrkj fd;k gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, &iwohZ&if’pe jktekxZ Hkkjr dh izkFkfedrk esa ugha Fkk] ij ckn esa phu us bl ifj;kstuk esa fnypLih fn[kkuh ‘kq: dj nhA

84 vf/kdkjh] eksukfylk] Þusiky dks Hkkjrh; lgk;rk dh jktuhfr vkSj n`f”Vdks.k]Þ LVªsVsftd ,ukfyfll] ebZ 2014 ns[ksa38:3, 325-340, DOI: 10.1080/09700161.2014.895236

85 ys[kdksa us ifj;kstukvksa dh bl vlekurk ds ckjs esa vkcknh ds vleku forj.k dks dkj.k crk;k gSA

;s j.kuhfrd y{; usiky ds laca/k esa Hkkjr dh fodkl lgk;rk laca/kh uhfr;ksa dks tkudkjh nsrs gSaA tSlkfd igys dgk tk pqdk gS] Hkkjr dh fodkl laca/kh foÙkh; lgk;rk ‘kq: esa ifjogu tSls egRoiw.kZ {ks=ksadks iznku dh tkrh FkhA ckn esa Hkkjr us viuh lgk;rk dk vU; {ks=ksa vkSj ifj;kstukvksa esa fofo/khdj.kfd;k ftls mlus j.kuhfrd :Ik ls egRoiw.kZ le>k vkSj tgka og vejhdk ;k phu dh lgk;rk dks ughapkgrk FkkA83

blh izdkj Hkkjr dh foÙkh; lgk;rk dk HkkSxksfyd vkPNknu ¼dojst½ ;g n’kkZrk gS fd Hkkjr ljdkj}kjk foÙkiksf”kr ifj;kstuk,a eq[;r% usiky ds rjkbZ {ks= esa gSa] ogha ioZrh; {ks=ksa ds usikyh vfHktu¼byhV~l½ bls ysdj fpark izdV djrs gSaA84 bu fparkvksa dk dkj.k ;g rF; gS fd NksVh fodkl ifj;kstukvksadk tc forj.k fd;k tkrk gS rks rjkbZ {ks= ds fgLls esa lcls vf/kd ifj;kstuk,a vkrh gSaA

o”kZ 2012 esa vkjvkbZ,l }kjk izdkf’kr fopkj&foe’kZ vkys[k ds vuqlkj rc rd ,lMhih dk;ZØe dsvarxZr iwjh gqbZ dqy ifj;kstukvksa esa ls 63 izfr’kr ifj;kstuk,a rjkbZ {ks= ds ikl FkhaA blds foijhrdqYk ifj;kstukvksa esa ls 29 izfr’kr iwjh dh xbZ ;kstuk,a ioZrksa vkSj 8 izfr’kr ioZrh; {ks=ksa ds fgLls esaFkhaA85

lzksr% fodkl lk>snkjh ifj;kstukvksa esa jkT; vkSj leqnk; dh Hkkxhnkjh dks larqfyr djuk] vkjvkbZ,lfopkj&foe’kZ vkys[k ¼2012½

fp= 6% iwjh dh xbZ y?kq fodkl ifj;kstukvksa dk HkkSxksfyd forj.k

usiky esa Hkkjrh; lgk;rk dks ysdj lkspusiky ds fodkl iz;klksa esa yacsa le; rd Hkkjr dh Hkkxhnkjh ds ckotwn usiky esa Hkkjr ds bjknksa dksysdj dkQh lansg vkSj ‘kd dh fLFkfr ekStwn jgh gSA ogka Hkkjr ds fodkl lgk;rk dk;ZØeksa dks ysdjudkjkRed lksp ekStwn jgh gSA

Hkkjr dh lwfpr fLFkfr ds ckotwn dbZ usikyh Hkkjr dh lgk;rk dks ns’k dh vkarfjd jktuhfrd vkSjfons’k uhfr;ksa esa ,d gLr{ksi ds :Ik esa ns[krs gSaA86 mnkgj.k ds fy, usiky ds rjkbZ {ks= esa Hkkjr iznkudh xbZ lgk;rk dks bl {ks= ds e/kslh vkanksyu dks etcwr cukus ds iz;kl ds :Ik esa ns[kk tkrk gSA87

bl laca/k esa 2000 ds n’kd esa ,slk vuqnku yxk;k tkrk Fkk fd Hkkjr usiky ds ekvksokfn;ksa dks rjkbZ{ks= esa iSj tekus ls jksdus ds fy, y?kq fodkl ;kstukvksa ¼,lMhiht½ ds fy, fuf/k;ka iznku dj jgk gSA,slk dgk tkrk gS fd Hkkjr usikyh vkSj Hkkjrh; ekvksokfn;ksa ds chp ds j.kuhfrd laca/kksa dh otg lsbl laca/k esa fpafrr FkkA88

usiky esa Hkkjrh; nwrkokl dh y?kq fodkl ifj;kstukvksa ds fy, foÙk iznku djus ds vf/kdkj dh otgls ckj&ckj mlls ysdj iz’u mBk;s x;s gSaA bl le; f}i{kh; le>kSrk nwrkokl dks usiky ljdkj89

dh vuqefr ds fcuk fuf/k;ka iznku djus dh vuqefr nsrk gSA ij nwrkokl ls laca/k j[kus vkSj mldsQSlyksa dks izHkkfor djus okys O;fDr;ksa dks ysdj fpark,a trkbZ tk jgh gSa tks fd yksxksa dh t:jrksa vkSjusikyh ljdkj dh izkFkfedrkvksa dk izfrfuf/kRo ugha djrsA90

ij bl i”BHkwfe ds ckotwn y?kq fodkl ifj;kstukvksa dh yxkrkj c<+rh yksdfiz;rk mudh izHkkodkfjrkdk ,d mYys[kuh; mnkgj.k gSA o”kZ 2004&2013 ds nkSjku y?kq fodkl ifj;kstukvksa ¼,lMhiht½ dsfodkl esa 44 izfr’kr dh of) gqbZ Fkh] tc fd cM+h vkSj e/;e izdkj dh ifj;kstukvksa esa dsoy 15

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86 Hkkjr dk nkok gS fd og usiky esa gLr{ksi ugha djuk pkgrk] ij mlds fodkl esa lgk;rk iznku djuk pkgrk gSA ns[ksa%http://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/modis-1-bn-loan-to-nepal-aimed-at-lessening-chinese-influence-

114080401017_1.html

87 vf/kdkjh] eksukfylk] Þusiky esa Hkkjrh; lgk;rk dh jktuhfr vkSj n`f”Vdks.k] Þ LVsªVsftd ,ukfyfll] ebZ 2014 38:3, 325-

340, DOI: 10.1080/09700161.2014.895236

88 uk;d] fugkj] j.kuhfrd fgeky; {ks=% usiky vkSj ckgjh rkdrsa]Þ isaVkxr izSl] 201489 Hkkjr usiky esa vius vxz.kh dk;ZØeksa dk foLrkj pkgrk gS]Þ fctusl LVsaMMZ] tqykbZ 2014A ns[ksa % http://www.business-

standard.com/article/news-ians/india-seeks-extension-of-its-flagship-projects-in-nepal-114070300586_1.html

90 ÞHkkjr NksVh fodkl ifj;kstukvksa dk foLrkj pkgrk gSÞ dkBekaMw iksLVA ns[ksa% http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/

news/2014-07-02/india-seeks-extension-of-small-dev-project-deal.html


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izfr’kr dh of) gqbZA ,lMhih ifj;kstukvksa ds varxZr ifj;kstukvksa dh la[;k 16 ls c<+dj 400 gqbZFkh] tcfd bl nkSjku cM+h vkSj e/;e izdkj dh ifj;kstukvksa dh la[;k dsoy 10 ls c<+dj 35 gqbZA91

dbZ ekeyksa esa rks bZvksvkbZ ls tqM+s LFkkuh; yksxksa us viuh t:jrksa ds ckjs esa fo’ks”k vkxzg fd;s gSaA92

fu”d”kZ

usiky vkSj Hkkjr ds chp dk laca/k vfLFkj lk jgk gS vkSj vius fgrksa dh j{kk vkSj usiky dh laizHkqrk

dk lEeku djus ds chp Hkkjr dks ,d vlgt larqyu dk lkeuk djuk iM+k gSA gky gh esa] vizSy

2015 esa vk;s Hkwdai ds ckn jkgr vkSj cpko dk;ksZa ds nkSjku Hkkjr ds lapkj ek/;eksa dh vR;f/kd

gLr{ksidkjh dojst ds fy, vkykspuk dh xbZ FkhA93 dbZ yksxksa us ;g eglwl fd;k fd Hkkjrh;

lapkj ek/;eksa us usiky dh lsuk] iqfyl vkSj LFkkuh; vf/kdkfj;ksa ds lgkldkjh iz;klksa dh dher ij

Hkkjr ds iz;klksa dks mtkxj djus dk iz;kl fd;kA ruko rc Hkh c<+ x;s Fks tc 20 flracj 2015

esa u;s usikyh lafo/kku ds cuus ds ckn Hkkjr us usiky ij bEckxksaZ yxk fn;k Fkk94] ftlls usiky esa

bZa/ku dk xaHkhj ladV mHkj dj lkeus vk;k FkkA bu ?kVukvksa dh otg ls Hkkjrh; ljdkj dh usiky

dh jktuhfr esa gLr{ksi djus ds fy, dbZ usikyh gydksa esa vkykspuk dh xbZ gSA blfy, Hkkjr ds

fy, ;g egRoiw.kZ gS fd usiky ds izfr vius uje n`f”Vdks.k dks cuk;s j[ks] usikyh yksxksa dh c<+rh

fparkvksa vkSj fojks/k ls fucVus dk iz;kl djsA

91 prqosZnh] lfpu] dqekj] lq’khy vkSj esagnhjÙkk] l’kkad] ÞjkT; vkSj leqnk; Hkkxhnkjh esa larqyu]Þ vkjvkbZ,l fopkj&foe’kZvkys[k] la[;k 183] vxLr 2013

92 ogh93 ÞHkkjr dks usiky ds lapkj ek/;eksa dh vkykspuk dk lkeuk D;ksa djuk iM+ jgk gSÞ chchlh U;wtA ns[ksa%

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-32579561

94 Ckjky fcLokl] ÞHkkjr ds CykdsM us phu vkSj usiky ds fy, njokts [kksys] fn ok;j] 2 ekpZ] 2016] ns[ksa%http://thewire.in/2016/03/02/indias-blockade-has-opened-the-door-for-china-in-nepal-23042/

baMksusf’k;k

Lakf{kIr voyksduHkkjr vkSj baMksusf’k;k ds chp ds f}i{kh; laca/k vPNs jgs gSa vkSj nksuksa fofHkUu jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd]rduhdh vkSj izfrj{kk laca/kh eqn~nksa ij ,d nwljs ds lkFk ?kfu”B lg;ksx djrs gSaA

bu nksuksa ns’kksa ds chp mifuos’kokn fojks/kh ,dtqVrk jgh gS vkSj ;s nksuksa ns’k xqV&fujis{k vkanksyuds laLFkkid lnL; jgs gSaA ij ‘khr ;q) ds nkSjku muds lqj{kk fgr vyx&vyx jgs vkSj blfy,f}i{kh; laca/kksa esa dqN fxjkoV vkbZA95

1990 ds n’kd dh ‘kq:vkr esa Hkkjr us viuh fons’k uhfr dh vfHkeq[krk dks cnyk vkSj ÞiwoZ dh vksjns[kksÞ uhfr viukbZ ftldk mn~ns’; nf{k.k&iwohZ ,f’k;kbZ ns’kksa ds lkFk laca/kksa dks c<+kuk FkkA Hkkjrdh Hkw&j.kuhfrd lksp esa bl cnyko dh n`f”V ls baMksusf’k;k cgqr egRoiw.kZ gS vkSj blfy, fiNysdqN n’kdksa esa nksuksa ns’kksa ds chp ds laca/kksa esa dkQh lq/kkj vk;k gSA96

Hkkjr vkSj baMksusf’k;k us baMksusf’k;kbZ jk”Vªifr ds Hkkjr nkSjs ds nkSjku 2005 esa ,d ubZ j.kuhfrdlk>snkjh gLrk{kfjr dh FkhA bl le>kSrs ds rgr nksuksa ns’kksa us izkS|ksfxdh; vkSj ‘kSf{kr lg;ksx dksc<+krs gq, vkSj etcwr lkaLd`frd laca/k izksRlkfgr djrs gq, ?kfu”B jktuf;d leUo;u ds fy, ,dO;kid f}i{kh; dk;Zra= LFkkfir fd;k gSA lcls egRoiw.kZ ckr ;g gS fd Hkkjr vkSj baMksusf’k;k usvius vkfFkZd laca/kksa dks bl gn rd etcwr cuk;k gS fd baMksusf’k;k ,flvku {ks= esa Hkkjr dk nwljklcls cM+k O;kikj lk>snkj cu x;k gSA

Ok”kZ 2011 esa nksuksa ns’kksa ds chp O;kikj vkSj fuos’kksa dks rc cy feyk tc Hkkjrh; iz/kkuea=h vkSjbaMksusf’k;k ds jk”Vªifr us yxHkx 90]000 djksM+ #i;s ds var% ljdkjh le>kSrs gLrk{kfjr fd;sAmUgksaus f}i{kh; O;kikj dks 2015 rd 150]000 djksM+ #i;s rd c<+kus dk y{; Hkh fu/kkZfjr fd;kA97

Ok”kZ 2013 esa Hkkjr baMksusf’k;k lk>snkjh dk rc vkSj foLrkj gqvk tc j.kuhfrd layXurk] izrh{kk vkSjlqj{kk lg;ksx] vkfFkZd lk>snkjh] lkaLd`frd vkSj yksxksa ls yksxksa ds chp laidZ rFkk lkekU; pqukSfr;ksaesa ,d nwljs dk lg;ksx djus dh ,d igy dh xbZA98

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95 ÞHkkjr & baMksusf’k;k dh j.kuhfrd Lkk>snkjh] dksftV ,f’k;k] 11 uoEcj] 2013 ns[ksa% http://cogitasia.com/enhancing-the-

india-indonesia-strategic-partnership/

96 ?kkslky ckynkl] ÞHkkjr baMksusf’k;k dh iwoZ dh vksj ns[kks Þj.kuhfr esa] vkbZMh,l, czhQ] tuojh 201197 eSuj] ,aMª;w] Þ/khjs&/khjs vkxs c<+uk 21oha ‘krkCnh esa Hkkjr vkSj baMksusf’k;k ds laca/k]Þ ¶;wpj baVjus’kuy Mk;sjsD’ku] ns[ksa%

http://www.futuredirections.org.au/files/sap/Moving_Forwards_Slowly_-_India

Indonesia_Relations_in_the_Twenty-First_Century.pdf

98 Hkkjr&baMksusf’k;k ds f}i{kh; laca/k] Hkkjr dk baMksusf’k;k&fLFkr nwrkoklA ns[ksa% http://www.indianembassyjakarta.com/

index.php/2013-05-20-10-02-04


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Rkduhdh vkSj ‘kSf{kd lg;ksxvkbZVhbZlh dk;ZØe ds varxZr baMksusf’k;k Hkkjr dh rduhdh lgk;rk dk ,d lcls cM+k izkfIrdrkZns’k gSA o”kZ 2014 esa baMksusf’k;k ds vkbZVhbZlh LykWV~l dks 75 ls c<+kdj 105 dj fn;k x;k FkkA99

baMksusf’k;k dksyEcks ;kstuk dk ,d lk>snkj ns’k gS vkSj mls 15 Nk=o`fÙk LykWV~l izkIr gSaA100 bldsvykok Hkkjrh; lkaLd`frd laca/k ifj”kn gj o”kZ baMksusf’k;kbZ Nk=ksa dks 20 Nk=o`fÙk;ka iznku djrk gSrkfd os Hkkjr esa mPprj f’k{kk izkIr dj ldsaA101

Hkkjr us tdkrkZ esa ,d O;kolkf;d izf’k{k.k dsanz Hkh LFkkfir fd;k gSA o”kZ 2010 esa ,slk gh ,d dsanz5-31 djksM+ #i;s dh ykxr ls vdsg esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k FkkA102 Hkkjrh; ljdkj us 2011 esa if’pehtkok ds exsyax esa ,d vkbZVh iz;ksx’kkyk Hkh LFkkfir dhA103

bl le; ckyh esa 0-50 djksM+ #i;s dh ykxr ls vkbZlhlhvkj ds Hkkjrh; lkaLd`frd dsanz dk fuekZ.kfd;k tk jgk gSA104

volajpuk fodklvHkh gky rd baMksusf’k;k dks Hkkjrh; lgk;rk eq[;r% VsDuksykWth vkSj f’k{kk ij dsafnzr FkhA ij bllaca/k esa vc fofo/krk vkbZ gS vkSj blesa vU; {ks=ksa ds vykok volajpuk fodkl Hkh tqM+ x;k gSA

Hkkjr ljdkj us baMksusf’k;k ljdkj dks o”kZ 2015 esa fo|qr {ks= ds fodkl ds fy, 3000 djksM+ dk_.k fn;k FkkA105

99 ÞHkkjr&baMksusf’k;k fodkl dk;ZØeksa dh ljkguk& vkbZVhbZlh lekjksg dh xksYMu tqcqyh]Þ iSzl foKfIr] baMksusf’k;k nwrkokl]fnlacj 2014A ns[ksa% http://indianembassyjakarta.com/index.php/25-news-and-events/343-press-release-india-

indonesia-development-programme-lauded-golden-jubilee-of-itec-celebration

100 Hkkjr&baMksusf’k;k laca/k] fons’k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj] tuojh 2014] ns[ksa% http://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/

Indonesia_January_2014.pdf

101 ogh102 fuekZ.k {ks= ds fy, O;kolkf;d izf’k{k.k ds lkFk midj.k nsuk & vkbZVhbZlh Lo.kZt;arh lekjksg]Þ daVªh U;wt] fons’k ea=ky;]

Hkkjr ljdkjA ns[ksa% http://mea.gov.in/Portal/CountryNews/1322_HANDING_OVER_ EQUIPMENTS

_WITH_VOCATIONAL_TRAINING_CENTRE_FOR_CONSTRUCTION_SECTOR.pdf

103 ogh104 ÞxSj&ctV ;kstuk ifjO;;] 2015&2015] fons’k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj105 Hkkjr vkSj baMksusf’k;k us vkfFkZd lg;ksx ds c<+kus ij lgefr ntZ o] Hkkjr dk nwrkokl] baMksusf’k;k] tuojh 12] 2015A ns[ksa%

http://mea.gov.in/Portal/CountryNews/3426_India_and_Indonesia_agree_to_expand_the_scope_ of_

economic_engagement_at_the_meeting_of_the_Ambassador_of_India_with_the_Vice_President_of_Indonesia.pdf

fiNys dqN o”kksZa esa baMksusf’k;k esa futh Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa dh la[;k dkQh vf/kd c<+hA o”kZ 2011 esagLrk{kfjr O;kolkf;d le>kSrksa ds vuqlkj vc cgqr lh Hkkjrh; daifu;k fuos’k dj ldrh gSa vkSjgokbZ vM~Ms] iksVZl] jsyos cukus dk dk;Z dj ldrh gSaA106 bu daifu;ksa esa bjdksu] foizks] VhlhvkbZ,y]iqat yksbM vkSj ,lVh;wih dalYVsalh bafM;k tSlh dbZ daifu;ka ‘kkfey gSaA107

ekuorkoknh lgk;rk vkSj foink jkgr

Hkkjr us fofHkUu izkd`frd foinkvksa ds le; baMksusf’k;k dks ekuorkoknh lgk;rk iznku dh gSA o”kZ2004 esa lqukeh vkus ds ckn Hkkjr baMksusf’k;k dks lgk;rk iznku djus okys igys ns’kksa esa ls ,d FkkAHkkjr dh tylsuk ;k usoh us ogka jkgr iznku djus ds fy, nks tgkt Hksts FksA buesa 3 Vu dhfpfdRlk lkexzh ‘kkfey FkhA bldh ykxr 6 djksM+ Hkkjrh; #i;s FkhA108

Hkkjr us mÙkjh lqek=k esa ,d cM+s Hkwdai ds ckn o”kZ 2005 esa baMksusf’k;k dks 12 djksM+ #i; dhlgk;rk Hkh iznku dh FkhA blds ckn baMksusf’k;k esa nwljk cM+k Hkwdai vk;k vkSj Hkkjr us fQj ls 12djksM+ #i;s dh lgk;rk iznku dhA109

foÙkh; lgk;rk vkSj jkgr lkexzh ds lkFk&lkFk Hkkjr us ekuo lalk/ku lgk;rk Hkh iznku dh ftlesafpfdRlk Vhesa Hkstuk] vkfn Hkh ‘kkfey gSaA110

vDVwcj 2010 esa Hkkjr us ekmaV esjkih vkSj esuVkoh }hiksa esa lqukeh vkus dh otg ls 60 yk[kHkkjrh; #i;ksa dh lgk;rk Hkh baMksusf’k;k dks iznku dh FkhA111

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106 Hkkjr&baMksusf’k;k laca/k] fons’k ea=ky;] Hkkjr] fnlacj 2012A ns[ksa http://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/

ForeignRelation/Indonesia-Brief_for_MEA_website_decem_2012.pdf

107 ?kkslky] ckyknkl] ÞHkkjr dh iwoZ dh vksj ns[kks j.kuhfr esa baMksusf’k;k]Þ tuojh 2011108 izkbl] xkjsFk] Þvuqnku esa LokfeRo% ljdkjh ekuorkoknh lgk;rk dk cnyrk ifjn`’; ,pihgh i`”BHkwfe vkys[k] ekuorkoknh

uhfr lewg] flrEcj 2012A ns[ksa% http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/416.pdf

109 Hkkjr&baMksusf’k;k laca/k] fons’k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj] tqykbZ 2013] ns[ksa http://www.mea.gov.in/

Portal/ForeignRelation/India-Indonesia_Relations.pdf

110 fons'k ea=h] ‘;ke lj.k vkSj okbl ,Mfejy] Jh jeu iqjh] lesfdr lsok daekM izeq[k }kjk la;qDr czhfQax] 5 tuojh]2015A ns[ksa http://www.mea.gov.in/media-briefings.htm?dtl/3470/Joint+Media+Briefing+by+Foreign+Secretary+

Shri+Shyam+Saran+and+Vice+Admiral+Shri+Raman+Puri+Chief+of+Integrated+Service+Command

111 ogh


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gky ds j.kuhfrd ?kVukØe,flvku dk lcls cM+k ns’k vkSj lcls rsth ls c<+rh vFkZO;oLFkk gksus ds ukrs baMksusf’k;k dk bl{ks= esa tcnZLr izHkko jgk gSA bl izdkj ,flvku ns’kksa ds lkFk ?kfu”Brj laca/k cukus dk Hkkjr dkiz;kl baMksusf’k;k ds lkFk etcwr f}i{kh; laca/k ij vkfJr gSA112

Hkkjr vkSj baMksusf’k;k us Hkkjrh; lkxj esa leqnzh lqj{kk esa viuh Hkkxhnkjh dks xgjk cuk;k gSA HkkjrbaMksusf’k;k dks phu dks larqfyr djus esa ,d eq[; lk>snkj ds :Ik esa ns[krk gSA gky esa nf{k.kh phuleqnz esa phu dh vktekb’k us u dsoy ,flvku ns’kksa dks ukjkt fd;k gS] cfYd Hkkjrh; lkxj esaphu ds bjknksa dks ysdj ,d vkSj vfuf’prrk Hkh iSnk dh gSA113

Hkkjr us eykdk tyMe:e/; esa vius fy, lqj{kk iznkrk dh Hkwfedk ij Hkh fopkj fd;k gS vkSj igysflaxkiqj] eysf’k;k vkSj baMksusf’k;k ds rVh; jkT;ksa dks lgk;rk iznku dh FkhA114 rF; ;g gS fd Hkkjreykdk tyMe#e/; dks j.kuhfrd xf.kr dk ,d vko’;d vax ekurk gSA115

ÞHkkjrh; lkxj {ks= esa ‘kkafr cuk;s j[kus esa Hkkjrh; ty lsuk dh HkwfedkÞ fo”k; ij vkbZMh,l, esafn;s x;s vius Hkk”k.k esa Hkkjrh; ty lsuk izeq[k] ,Mfejy Mh-ds- tks’kh us dgk Fkk fd] dqN rVh;ns’k Hkkjrh; ty lsuk dks ,d fo’kq) lqj{kk iznkrk ds :Ik esa vkbZvksvkj esa {ks=h; leqnzh lqj{kk dkslqxe cukus okyh mi;qDr ,tsalh ds :Ik esa ns[krs gSaA116 mUgksaus vkxs dgk fd] Þ,d fgrS”kh rkdrgksus ds ukrs Hkkjr ds ckjs esa ;g lksp lgh gS vkSj gesa {ks=h; lqj{kk ds fy, ilanhnk lk>snkj cukrhgSÞ fdUrq vHkh rd baMksusf’k;k esa tyMe:e/; esa Hkkjr dh vf/kd lfØ; lqj{kk Hkwfedk ds izfrnksgjsiu dh Hkkouk cuh gqbZ gSA117

112 ,flvku ds lkFk vkSj etcwr laLFkkxr laidZ cukus esa Hkkjr ds baMksusf’k;k egRoiw.kZ gSa rF; ;g gS fd mlus ,flvku{ks=h; Qksje ¼,vkj,Q½ esa Hkkjr dh lnL;rk dk leFkZu djus esa 1996 esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ FkhA bl laca/k esahttps://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/13065/2/Brewster,%20D.%20The%20Relationship%

20Between%20India%20and%20Indonesia%202011.pdf ij vkSj vf/kd i<+sA113 ogh114 twu 2006 esa rRdkyhu Hkkjrh; izfrj{kk ea=h] Jh iz.ko eq[kthZ us fyVksjy dh bPNk ds v/khu Hkkjr ds izLrko dh iqu%

iqf”V dh Fkh ns[ksa http://www.futuredirections.org.au/files/sap/Moving_Forwards_Slowly_-_India-

Indonesia_Relations_in_the_Twenty-First_Century.pdf

115 la;qDr dekaMj lEesyu esa vius vfHkHkk”k.k esa rRdkyhu Hkkjrh; iz/kku ea=h] MkW- eueksgu flag us dgk fd Hkkjr dsjktuhfrd xf.kr esa dkQh le; ls ,Mu [kkMh ls ysdj eydk tyMe:e/; ‘kkfey jgk gSA 19 vDVwcj 2012Ahttp://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=88528 ij miyC/k gSA

116 vkbZMh,l, esa 5 ekpZ dks fn;k x;k Hkk”k.k iwjs ikB ds fy, ns[ksa% http://www.idsa.in/keyspeeches/RoleofIndian

NavyinMaintainingPeaceinIndianOceanRegion_CNS

117 czwLVj] MsfoM] ÞHkkjr vkSj baMksusf’k;k ds chp laca/k] i`”B 240A ns[ksa https://digitalcollections.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/

13065/2/Brewster,%20D.%20The%20 Relationship%20Between%20India%20and%20Indonesia%202011.pdf

fu”d”kZ

gky ds o”kksZa esa baMksusf’k;k us vius vkidks ,d vuqnkudrkZ ns’k ds :Ik esa LFkkfir fd;k gS vkSj bldsQyLo:Ik nksuksa ds chp fodkl lk>snkjh vf/kdrj rduhdh lg;ksx rd lhfer gSA Hkkjr vkSjbaMksusf’k;k] nksuksa cM+s fodkl’khy ns’k gSa vkSj vius&vius {ks=ksa esa mudk dkQh vlj gS rFkk osth&20 vkSj vkbZvksvkj, tSls varjkZ”Vªh; eapksa ds lnL; Hkh gSaA bCY;wVhvks vkSj jk”Vª la?k tSlsvarjkZ”Vªh; laxBuksa esa lq/kkj ds ek/;e ls varjkZ”Vªh; O;oLFkk dks vf/kd lerkiw.kZ cukus dh mudhvkdka{kk,a leku gSaA118 blds vykok Hkkjr dh vkbZvksvkj esa {ks=h; lqj{kk iznkrk cuus dh bPNk &tks Hkkjr dh fgrS”kh {ks=h; rkdr dh Nfo ds fy, Ik;kZIr izfr”Bk vkSj oS/krk ykrh gS119 baMksusf’k;kdh lgk;rk ij vkfJr gSA blfy, laHkkouk bl ckr dh gS fd Hkkjr baMksusf’k;k ds lkFk ?kfu”Blaca/kksa dks tkjh j[ksxkA

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118 Hkkjr vkSj baMksusf’k;k dks jk”Vª la?k] fo’o O;kikj laxBu ¼MCY;wVhvks½ esa feykdjh dke djuk pkfg,] gkfen valkjh]vkbZch,u ykbo] 2 uoEcj 2015 ns[ksa% http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/india-indonesia-should-work-together-

at-un-wto-hamid-ansari-1159820.html

119 ogh


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dacksfM;k

Lakf{kIr voyksduHkkjr vkSj dacksfM;k ds ?kfu”B laca/k gSa vkSj nksuksa ns’kksa ds chp lfn;ksa igys ls /kkfeZd vkSj lkaLd`frdvknku&iznku gksrk jgk gSA Hkkjr mu igys ns’kksa esa ls Fkk ftUgksaus 1981 esa [kesj #t ds iru dsckn dacksfM;k dh ubZ ljdkj dks ekU;rk nh FkhA120

blds ckn ls nksuksa ns’kksa us vius jktuhfrd vkSj vkfFkZd tqM+ko dks xgjk cuk;k vkSj laLFkkxr {kerkfuekZ.k] ekuo lalk/ku fodkl] baÝkLVªDpj ifj;kstukvksa vkSj lqj{kk rFkk izfrj{kk tSls fofHkUu {ks=ksaesa vius vkfFkZd lg;ksx dk foLrkj fd;kA

f}i{h; lgk;rkHkkjr d`f”k] fo|qr lapj.k vkSj ty izca/ku ds {ks=ksa esa fofHkUu baÝkLVªDpj ifj;kstukvksa ds fy,dacksfM;k dks +f}i{kh; lgk;rk iznku djrk gSA mlus f’k{kk vkSj m|ferk ds {ks= esa {kerk fuekZ.kdk;ZØeksa ds fy, Hkh lgk;rk iznku dh gSA bu dk;ZØeksa dk foÙkiks”k.k vuqnkuksa vkSj _.kksa }kjkfd;k tkrk gSA

_.k&js[kk ¼,yvkslht½

Hkkjr us ty lalk/kuksa vkSj flapkbZ iz.kkfy;ksa ds fuekZ.k ds fy, dacksfM;k dks vusd ,yvkslht iznkudh gSaaA o”kZ 2002 esaa fl,e jhi esa if’peh csjs flapkbZ ifj;kstuk ds fy, 60 djksM+ Hkkjrh; #i;ksa dh,d ,yvkslh iznku dh xbZA 2007 eas 211 djksM+ #i;ksa dh nwljh ,yvkslh dacksfM;kbZ ljdkj vkSj,fXte cSad ds chp gLrk{kfjr dh xbZA bl ,yvkslh ds varxZr L=qax Vªsax ls ØsVh ds chp VªkafLe’kuvkSj LVqax rklky unh ij ty fodkl ifj;kstuk ds fy, fuf/k;ka iznku dh xbZaA121

blds vykok 2012 esa gLrk{kfjr ,d ,yvkslh ds ek/;e ls VªkafLe’ku ykbu ds fy, 90 djksM+Hkkjrh; #i;ksa dk vfrfjDr _.k fn;k x;kA dacksfM;k us LVqax rklky cka/k ds fy, Hkh vfrfjDrfuf/k;ka nsus dk vkxzg fd;k vkSj mls bl gsrq 90 djksM+ Hkkjrh; #i;s iznku fd;s x;sA bl ,yvkslhdks 2010 esa Hkkjrh; jk”Vªifr ds dacksfM;k nkSjs ds le; gLrk{kfjr fd;k x;kA122

120 dacksfM;k esa Hkkjrh; jktnwr dk lk{kkRdkj] ;wV~;wc ij https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nYg3_IbWn9w ns[ksa121 Hkkjr&dacksfM;k laca/k] fons’k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj] tuojh 2013 http://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/

Cambodian_Bilateral_Relations_-MEA_Website.pdf ij miyC/k gS122 ogh

vuqnku lgk;rk ifj;kstuk,a

Hkkjr us xzkeh.k dacksfM;k ds dkaiksax vkSj ckarh ehups izkarksa esas 1500 gSaMiai yxkus ds fy, 50 djksM+Hkkjrh; #i;s dh vuqnku jkf’k;ka iznku dhaA123

Ok”kZ 2014 esa dacksfM;k dks 18 djksM+ Hkkjrh; #i;ksa dk vfrfjDr vuqnku fn;k x;kA bl vuqnku dsvarxZr dkaiksax LisÅ izkar esa Hkwfexr ty lalk/kuksa dk vkSj fl,e jhi unh ?kkVh ds fy, ekLVj IykurS;kj djus gsrq v/;;u fd;k tk;sxkA

Hkkjr ljdkj rk izksge eafnj dsth.kkZs}kj dk;Z ds fy, Hkh foÙkh;lgk;rk iznku dj jgh gSA ;g dk;ZHkkjrh; iqjkrRo losZ{k.k ¼,,lvkbZ½}kjk 2003 ls fd;k tk jgk gS vkSjbl ifj;kstuk dk dqy ctV 34-16djksM+ Hkkjrh; #i;s gSA

Hkkjr ds iz/kkuea=h ds varxZr ikjaifjd,f’k;kbZ VSDlVkbYl dk ,d laxzgky;LFkkfir djus ds fy, 6 djksM+ Hkkjrh;#i;ksa dk foÙkh; vuqnku nsus dh?kks”k.kk dh FkhA var esa 2011 esa fl,ejhi esa 10 djksM+ Hkkjrh; #i;ksa dhykxr ls laxzgky; dk fuekZ.k fd;kx;kA124

{kerk&fuekZ.k dk;ZØe

dacksfM;k Hkkjr ds vkbZVhbZlh dk;ZØe dk ,d izeq[k izkfIrdrkZ ns’k gS vkSj mlus 1000 ukxfjdizf’k{k.k LykWV~l vkSj 100 izfrj{kk izf’k{k.k LykWV~l dk mi;ksx fd;k gSA o”kZ 2015&16 ds fy,dacksfM;k dks 80 ukxfjd izf’k{k.k LykWV~l vkSj 20 izfrj{kk LykWV~l ¼12 Fky lsuk ds ikB~;Øeksa dsfy,] 4 tylsuk ds ikB~;Øeksa ds fy, vkSj 4 ok;q lsuk ds ikB~;Øeksa ds fy,½ vkofVr fd;s x;sA125

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rk izksge eafnj esa iqfufuekZ.k dk dk;Z] vkHkkj% ÝaVykbu [kaM 29] vad 18

123 Hkkjr&dacksfM;k laca/k] fons’k ea=ky; tuojh 2013 http://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Cambodian_Bilateral_

Relations_-MEA_Website.pdf ij miyC/k gSA124 vkmVde ctV] 2015&2016] fons’k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj 125 Hkkjr dk rduhdh vkSj vkfFkZd lg;ksx dk;ZØe] Hkkjrh; nwrkokl] Qukse isUg] dacksfM;k]

http://www.indembassyphnompenh.org/projects/itec.html ns[ksaA


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vkbZVhbZlh ds lkFk&lkFk gj o”kZ ,ethlh vkSj thlh,l,l ds varxZr dacksfM;kbZ ukxfjdksa dks 15‘kSf{kd Nk=o`fÙk;ka iznku dh tkrh gSaA126

Hkkjrh; ljdkj us 2010 esa daiwfp;k Hkkjr eS=h Ldwy] [kqe [kulksj esa baÝkLVªDpj vkSj lqfo/kkvksa dksmUur djus ds fy, 1-47 djksM+ Hkkjrh; #i;ksa dh jkf’k iznku djus dh ?kks”k.kk dh FkhA127

Ok”kZ 2006 esa ,fl;ku lesdu igydneh ¼vkbZ,vkbZ½ ds varxZr Qukse isUg esa dacksfM;k & Hkkjrm|e fodkl dssanz dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA o”kZ 2007 esa ,d vU; {kerk&fuekZ.k dsanz & dacksfM;k Hkkjrvaxzsth Hkk”kk izf’k{k.k dsanz dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA128

Hkkjr us daI;wVj lk{kjrk dk izlkj djus vkSj lwpuk ,oa lapkj izkS|ksfxdh rd igaqp iznku djus esadacksfM;k ds lkFk lg;ksx fd;kA bl mn~ns’; ls fl,e jhi] danky] Vkds;ks vkSj Qukse isUg esa ikaplwpuk izkS|ksfxdh dsanz LFkkfir fd;s x;sA ;s dsanz vke yksxksa dks baVjusV lqfo/kk iznku djrs gSaA129

2007 esa Hkkjr ljdkj us vkbZlhVht ds mi;ksx esa yksxksa dks l{ke cukus ds fy, ,d izfrHkk fodkldsanz LFkkfir djuk izLrkfor fd;k FkkA var esa 2012 esa izfrHkk fodkl LFkkfir djus ds le>kSrs dksgLrk{kfjr fd;k x;k vkSj bl ifj;kstuk ij vHkh dk;Z py jgk gSA130

ekuorkoknh lgk;rk vkSj jkgr Hkkjr vDlj dacksfM;k dks foink jkgr vkSj ekuorkoknh lgk;rk iznku djrk jgk gSA o”kZ 2002 esaHkkjr us xaHkhj lw[ks ds nkSjku dacksfM;k dks nok,a vkSj 10]000 Vu pkoy HkstsA131

Tkc 2011 esa iwjs nf{k.k iwohZ {ks= esa Hk;kud ck<+sa vkbaZ rks Hkkjr us dacksfM;k dks foink jkgr ds :Ikesa 60 yk[k #i;ksa dk udn vuqnku fn;kA132

126 Hkkjr dk rduhdh vkSj vkfFkZd lg;ksx dk;ZØe] Qukse isUg] dacksfM;k http://www.indembassyphnompenh.org/

projects/itec.html ns[ksaA127 daiwfp;k&Hkkjr eS=h Ldwy] ifj;kstuk fooj.k] Hkkjrh; nwrkokl] dacksfM;k http://www.indembassyphnompenh.org/

projects/friendship-school.html ns[ksaA128 dacksfM;k&Hkkjr vaxszth Hkk”kk izf’k{k.k dsanz ¼lhvkbZlhbZ,yVh½] ifj;kstuk fooj.k] Hkkjrh; nwrkokl] dacksfM;k

http://www.indembassyphnompenh.org/projects/cicelt.html ns[kssaA129 U;wure bUosflo f’k{kk ¼,ebZvkbZ½] vkbZVh fdvksLd] ifj;kstuk fooj.k] Hkkjrh; nwrkokl] dacksfM;k

http://www.indembassyphnompenh.org/projects/it-kiosks.html ij miyC/k gSA130 Hkkjr&dacksfM;k mRd`”Vrk vkSj izfrHkk fodkl dsanz] ifj;kstuk fooj.k] Hkkjrh; nwrkokl dacksfM;k

http://www.indembassyphnompenh.org/projects/it-centre.html ns[ksaA131 Hkkjr&dacksfM;k laca/k] fons’k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj] tuojh 2013] http://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/

Cambodian_Bilateral_Relations_-MEA_Website.pdf ns[ksaA132 ogh

Hkkjr igyk ns’k Fkk ftlus [kesj #t U;k;kf/kdj.k ds u;k;ky; dh LFkkiuk ds fy, dacksfM;k dsjk”Vªh; fgLls esa udn ;ksxnku dk opu fn;k vkSj 2005 esa 60 djksM+ Hkkjrh; #i;ksa dk f}i{kh;;ksxnku fd;kA133

dacksfM;k vkSj Hkkjr dh ßiwoZ dh vksj ns[kksÞ uhfrdacksfM;k Hkkjr dh ÞiwoZ dh vksj ns[kksÞ uhfr esa ,d egRoiw.kZ lk>snkj jgk gSA vrhr esa mlus HkkjrvkSj ,flvku ds chp ds laca/kksa ds foLrkj esa eq[; Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA uoEcj 2002 esa Qukse isUg esaigyk Hkkjr&,flvku lEesyu gqvk vkSj bl izfØ;k dks laLFkkxr :Ik nsus esa dacksfM;k us izeq[kHkwfedk fuHkkbZA blds vykok] dacksfM;k us 2005 esa vk;ksftr igys iwohZ ,f’k;k lEesyu esa Hkkjr dhHkkxhnkjh dk leFkZu fd;kA134 o”kZ 2009 esa dacksfM;k rhu o”kksZa ds fy, ,flvku esa Hkkjr ds fy, ns’kleUo;d cuk vkSj bl nkSjku nksuksa ns’kksa ds chp laidZ dk Ik;kZIr foLrkj gqvkA135

lh,y,eoh ¼dacksfM;k] ykvksl] E;kuekj vkSj fo;ruke½ DyLVj ds vax ds :Ik esa Hkkjr ds ,ybZihesa dacksfM;k dk fo’ks”k LFkku gSA ;g ns[kk x;k gS fd ,flvku ds lcls u;s lnL;ksa ds :Ik esa,flvku vkSj lh,y,eoh ds chp mRiknu dk usVodZ vkSj {ks=h; ewY; J`a[kyk ¼vkjohlh½ ckdh,flvku {ks= dh rqyuk esa detksj gSA136 blh ds lkFk Hkkjr Hkh vius iM+kSl esa vkjohlht ds lkFkHkyh Hkakfr tqM+k ugha gSA blfy, ;g lq>k;k x;k fd Hkkjr vkSj lh,y,eoh ds chp vkSj vf/kdvkkfFkZd ,dhdj.k ls vkSj vf/kd O;kikj vkSj fodkl dh n`f”V ls vkilh ykHk izkIr gksaxs137 vkSj bldslkFk gh Þjhtuy dafizgsaflo bDukfed ikVZujf’ki vkWQ ,f’k;k ,aM isflfQd ¼vkjlhbZih½ tSlh {ks=h;vkfFkZd igydnfe;ksa esa Hkkjr dh eksyrksy dh fLFkfr csgrj gksxhA138

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133 lgk;rk ifj;kstuk,a] ifj;kstuk fooj.k] Hkkjrh; nwrkokl] dacksfM;k http://www.indembassyphnompenh.org/projects/aid-

projects.html ij miyC/k gSA134 Hkkjr&dacksfM;k] fons’k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj] tuojh 2013: http://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Cambodian_

Bilateral_Relations_-MEA_Website.pdf ij miyC/k gSA135 ogh136 nkl] jke misanz] Þlh,y,eoh ds lkFk vkfFkZd ,dhdj.k ds fy, Hkkjr dh j.kuhfr]Þ okf.kT; vkSj m|ksx ea=ky;] Hkkjr

ljdkj] 2015 137 ogh138 vkjlhbZih ij ,d ,QVh, okrkZyki gS ftls 16 ns’kksa ds chp fodflr fd;k x;k gSA blesa ,flvku ds 10 lnL; ¼czwusbZ]

dacksfM;k] baMksusf’k;k] ykvksl] eysf’k;k] E;kuekj] fQfyihUl] flaxkiqj] FkkbZysaM & vkSj fo;ruke½ vkSj 6 os ns’k ‘kkfey gSaftuds lkFk ,flvku ds eqDr O;kikj le>kSrs gSa & vkLVªsfy;k] phu] Hkkjr] tkiku] dksfj;k vkSj U;wthySaaM vkSj tkudkjhds fy, ns[ksa http://www.mfat.govt.nz/Trade-and-Economic-Relations/2-Trade-Relationships-and-

Agreements/RCEP/


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fiNys dqN o”kksZa es lh,y,eoh ij /;ku dasfnzr djus ds QyLo:Ik fons’k ea=ky; esa lh,y,eohMsLd dk xBu fd;k x;k tks bu ns’kksa esa fofHkUu {ks=ksa es lgk;rk vkSj lg;ksx ds fo’ks”k dk;ZØeksads fu”iknu ds fy, ftEesnkj gSA139

ubZ ljdkj ds varxZr ,bZih dks Þ,DV bZLV ikWfylhÞ ds :Ik esa lwf=r fd;k x;k gSA uoEcj 2014esa vk;ksftr ,flvku&Hkkjr lEesyu esa iz/kkuea=h ujsanz eksnh us bl {ks= ds lkFk O;kid layXurk dhfn’kk esa dk;Z mUeq[k uhfr ds lkeus j[kk FkkA140

bl uhfr ds y{;ksa dh iwfrZ ds fy, lh,y,eoh ns’kksa ds lkFk laca/kksa dks etcwr cukuk vkSj Hkhvfuok;Z gSA

Hkkjr ljdkj igys gh bl fn’kk esa dne mBk pqdh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, bl le; ljdkj lh,y,eohns’kksa esa fofuekZ.k dsanzksa esa futh Hkkjrh; fuos’k dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, ,d dk;Zra= dh LFkkiuk dksvafre :Ik nsus dh izfØ;k esa gSaA foÙk ea=h] v#.k tsryh us bl fu.kZ; dh ?kks”k.kk dsanzh; ctV¼2015&2016½ ds nkSjku dh vksj dgk fd Hkkjr ljdkj Þnf{k.k&iwoZ ,f’k;k esa foLr`r vkfFkZd vkSjj.kuhfrd laca/k cukus dk iz;kl dj jgh gSAß141

Hkkjr&dacksfM;k laca/k dk izHkkovkbZVhbZlh tSls Hkkjrh; izf’k{k.k dk;ZØeksa ij dacksfM;k esa vPNh izfØ;k gqbZ gSA fiNys dqN o”kksZa esabudh ekax mYys[kuh; :Ik ls c<+h gS% mnkgj.k ds fy, 2011&2012 esa dacksfM;k ds vkbZVhbZlh LykWVdh la[;k 85 ls c<+kdj 100142( vkSj fQj 2012&13 esa 120 dj nh xbZA143

Hkkjr ljdkj us dacksfM;kbZ ljdkj ds lkFk rhoz izHkko ifj;kstukvksa ds dk;kZUo;u ds fy, ,dle>kSrk Kkiu Hkh gLrk{kfjr fd;k gSA bu NksVh&NksVh ifj;kstukvksa dk & ftuesa ls izR;sd dkctV 30 yk[k Hkkjrh; :i;s gS & mn~ns’; LFkkuh; leqnk; dks rRdky ykHk iznku djuk gSA144

139 eqfu] ,l-Mh-] ÞHkkjr dh iwoZ dh vksj ns[kksÞ j.kuhfr% j.kuhfrd vk;ke] Qjojh 2011 140 eksnh us E;kuekj esa Hkkjr dh Þ,DV bZLV uhfrÞ dks mn~?kkfVr fd;kÞ] fn fMIyksessV] 17 uoEcj 2014]

http://thediplomat.com/2014/11/modi-unveils-indias-act-east-policy-to-asean-in-myanmar/ ij miyC/k gSA141 Þ,DV bZLV ikfylh% dsanz us lh,e,yoh ns’kksa esa fuos’k ds dk;Zra= dks vafre :i fn;k] Þ fctuSl ykbu] 23 ekpZ] 2015

http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/act-east-policy-centre-finalising-mechanism-to-invest-in-cmlv-

countries/article7024795.ece ij miyC/k gSA142 Hkkjr&dacksfM;k laca/k% fons’k ea=ky;] tuojh 2012] http://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Cambodia-

January-2012.pdf ij miyC/k gSA143 Hkkjr&dacksfM;k laca/k] fons’k ea=ky;] tqykbZ 2014 http://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Cambodia_July_2014.pdf

ij miyC/k gSA144 ÞHkkjr vkSj dacksfM;k }kjk nks le>kSrs Kkiu gLrk{kfjrÞ fn fgUnw] 17 flrEcj] 2015

http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-cambodia-sign-two-mous/article7660338.ece ij miyC/k gSA

buesa ls nks ifj;kstuk,a LokLF; ns[kjs[k ds {ks= esa] ,d d`f”k {ks= esa] ,d efgyk l’kDrhdj.k ds {ks=esa vkSj ,d m|e fodkl dsanz dk mUurhdj.k djus ds {ks= esa gSA

le>kSrk Kkiuksa ij gLrk{kj djus ds ckn Hkkjr ds mi jk”Vªifr] Jh gehn valkjh us dacksfM;k dheaf= ifj”kn dks lacksf/kr fd;k vkSj ;g vk’kk izdV dh fd ;s ifj;kstuk,a tu dY;k.k ds lq/kkj esa;ksxnku djsaxhA145

bu dk;ZØeksa }kjk dh xbZ izxfr ds ckotwn Hkkjrh; lgk;rk us vHkh rd dacksfM;k dh vis{kkvksa dksiwjk ugha fd;k gSA fodkl foÙk dh jkf’k FkksM+h gS vkSj ifj;kstukvksa dk dk;kZUo;u Hkh /kheh xfr lsgqvk gSA146

fu”d”kZ ;g vuqHko fd;k x;k gS fd lh,y,eoh ns’kksa ds lkFk csgrj laidZ vkSj c<+k gqvk vkfFkZd ,dhdj.knks&rjQk O;kikj vkSj of.kT; dks c<+kus ds mn~ns’; ls Hkkjr ds fy, cgqr egRoiw.kZ gSA147 ysfduHkwfe }kjk laidZ] cSafdax vkSj yksxksa rFkk lkekuksa vkSj lsokvksa dh lapyu ls lacaf/kr leL;k,a cuh gqbZgSaA buls fucVus ds fy, Hkkjr ljdkj bl {ks= esa Hkkjh fuos’kksa dh ;kstuk cuk jgh gSA148 bldsQyLo:Ik futh fuos’k dks lqxe cukus ds lkFk&lkFk dacksfM;k dks Hkkjr dh rduhdh vkSj foÙkh;lgk;rk ds c<+us dh vis{kk dh tkrh gSA

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145 ÞHkkjr vkSj dacksfM;k }kjk nks le>kSrs Kkiu gLrk{kfjrÞ fn fgUnw] 17 flrEcj] 2015http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-cambodia-sign-two-mous/article7660338.ece ij miyC/k gSA

146 lkVks] ftu( f’kxk] fgjksdkbZ] dksck;’kh] rdk’kh vkSj dksanksg] fglkfgjks] ÞizkfIrdrkZ ns’k ds n`f”Vdks.k ls mHkjrs vuqnkudrkZ%dacksfM;k esa fons’kh vuqnku dk laLFkkxr fo’ys”k.k] oYMZ MsoyiesaV] fnlacj 2011

147 Hkkjr & lh,y,eoh laidksZa] lg;ksx dks c<+kuk% fueZyk lhrkjeu] fn bDukfed VkbEl] 13 tuojh 2016http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2016-01-13/news/69735036_1_connectivity-countries-industry-

minister-nirmala-sitharaman ij miyC/k gSA148 ogh


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eq[; fVIif.k;ka1½ fiNys v/;k;ksa esa pkj ns’kksa dh leh{kk ds vk/kkj ij Hkkjr ds fodkl lg;ksx ds ihNs ekStwn

izeq[k vfHkizk;ksa dks lkjka’k esa fuEu izdkj ls izLrqr fd;k tk ldrk gS%

‘kfDr iz{ksi.k ¼ikoj izkstsD’ku½Hkkjr ds lgk;rk dk;ZØe ds fodkl dh Nkuchu ls ,slk lq>ko feyrk gS fd izfr”Bk Hkkjr dhuhfr;ksa dh ,d egRoiw.kZ mRizsjd jgh gSA vktknh ds le; ns’k ds Hkhrj ekStwn xaHkhj v/kksfodklds ckotwn Hkkjr us f}i{kh; lgk;rk izfrc)rk,a vkSj dksyEcks ;kstuk tSls cgqi{kh; dk;ZØe‘kq: fd;s] tc iz/kkuea=h usg# us mifuos’kokn ds ckn dh nqfu;k esa Hkkjr ds fy, usr`RodkjhHkwfedk dh ifjdYiuk dh FkhA149

rc ls bl fopkj us Hkkjr ds lgk;rk dk;ZØe dks :Ik iznku fd;kA fiNys nks n’kdksa esa Hkkjrds fons’kh lgk;rk dk;ZØe dk tks foLrkj gqvk mlesa ;g vkRefo’okl izfrfcafcr gqvk fd Hkkjru;s cgq/kqzoh; fo’o esa ,d egk’kfDr ds :Ik esa vfuok;Z :Ik esa mHkjsxkA150

uez ‘kfDr ¼lkW¶V ikoj½Hkkjr dk fodkl lgk;rk dk;ZØe uez ‘kfDr izHkkoksa ds ek/;e ls mlds fgrksa dks vkxs c<+krkgSA Hkkjr dks ;g vk’kk gS fd og viuh lk[k cuk;sxk vkSj vkilh ykHk tfur djsxk tSls fdcgqi{kh; eapksa ij vkSj cM+h Hkwfedk fuHkk;sxk vkSj fo’ks”kdj jk”Vª la?k lqj{kk ifj”kn esa LFkk;hlnL;rk ds fy, mls lgk;rk izkIr gksxhA151 ;g rF; fd vkbZVhbZlh dk;ZØeksa ds 40]000 ls Hkhvf/kd Lukrd ;k ,yqeuh gSa] Hkkjr dks dbZ ns’kksa esa fo’ks”kdj vf/kdkjh ra= esa ,d j.kuhfrdykHk iznku djrk gSA152 ;g vk’kk fd tkrh gS fd mldks ykHknk;d uhfr;ksa vkSj laca/kksa dk :Ikfn;k tk ldsxkA153

blds vykok Hkkjr vius iM+kSl esa vius izHkko dks cuk;s j[kus vkSj ;g lqfuf’pr djus dsfojks/kh ns’kksa dh vksj >qdko u gks] Li”V :Ik ls vius fodkl laca/kksa dks l’kDr cukrk gSA154

149 Hkkjrh; fons’k uhfr ij vkDlQksMZ gSaMcqd] jksgu eq[kthZ us usg: ds Hkk”k.k dk mYys[k fd;k gS i`”B 181] vks;wih] 2015150 i`”B 182] ogh151 QqPl] ,afnz;kl vkSj cnykeUufr d`”.kk lh] Þt:jrean vuqnkudrkZ% Hkkjr }kjk lgk;rk dk fo’ys”k.k]Þ twu 2012 152 jkepUnzu] fot;k] ÞvuqnkudrkZ ds :i esa Hkkjr dk mHkkj]Þ ebZ 2010 http://www.cgdev.org/blog/india-emerges-aid-

donor ns[ksaA153 ogh154 Jh/kj.k] bZ’oj.k] ÞHkkjr vkSj phu dh mHkjrh fons’k lgk;rk uhfr;ka]Þ ekpZ 2014

https://casi.sas.upenn.edu/sites/casi.sas.upenn.edu/files/upiasi/E.%20Sridharan%20-%20IDRC,%20India%20as%20an%20Emerging%20Donor,%20June%202014.pdf ns[ksaA

ÅtkZ lzksrksa vkSj cktkjksa rd igqapHkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk rhoz xfr ls fodflr gks jgh gS] ftlls ÅtkZ dh ekax c<+ jgh gS ftlsiwjk djus esa Hkkjr vHkh rS;kj ugha gSA ns’k ds Hkhrj lalk/kuksa dh miyC/krk vkSj {kerkvksa dsnksgu dh fLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, ,slk yxrk gS blfy, Hkkjr fo|qr {ks= ifj;kstukvksa dks lgk;rkiznku djds viuh ÅtkZ t:jrksa dh iwfrZ ds fy, fons’kksa dh vksj ns[k jgk gSA Hkkjr us 2004vkSj 2013 ds chp dqy _.kksa dk yxHkx 23 izfr’kr ¼yxHkx 13800 djksM+ Hkkjrh; :i;s½ vkSj2006 ls 2013 ds chp vius dqN vuqnkuksa dk 35 izfr’kr ¼yxHkx 3300 djksM+ :i;s½ ÅtkZ {ks=ds fy, fn;k FkkA155

Hkkjr ds lgk;rk dk;ZØe dk izeq[k tksj izkd`frd lalk/ku gkfly djus vkSj c<+rh Hkkjrh;vFkZO;oLFkk ds fy, cktkjksa rd igaqp gkfly djuk gSA156

phu ds lkFk izfr;ksfxrk Hkkjr dh fodkl lgk;rk ds ekxZ dks fu/kkZfjr djus esa ,d egRoiw.kZ dkjd phu ds lkFk mldhizfr;ksfxrk gSA ;g fLFkfr vktknh ds ckn ds vkjafHkd o”kksZa ls ekStwn jgh gS tc vU; fodkl’khyns’kksa ij phu ds c<+rs izHkko us Hkkjrh; usr`Ro ds fy, fpark iSnk dj nh FkhA157 ckn ds o”kksZa esa;g izfr;ksfxrk c<+rh xbZ D;ksafd phu us mu ns’kksa esa vius infpUg cukus ‘kq: dj fn;s tgkaHkkjr vius fy, LFkku pkgrk FkkA tc vius iM+kSfl;ksa dh ckr vkrh gS & tgka phu egRoiw.kZfons’kh fuos’kd vkSj lkFk gh baÝkLVªDpj ds fy, eq[; _.knkrk cu jgk gS & rc Hkkjr ds fy,;g fo’ks”k :Ik ls fparktud gks tkrk gSA158

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155 Hkkjr fodkl lg;ksx ‘kks/k igydneh] ÞÅtkZ {ks= esa Hkkjr dh fodkl lg;rk ds #>ku] Þ Hkkjr fodkl lg;ksx ‘kks/k¼vkbZMhlhvkj½ ifj;kstuk] czhQ la[;k 4] ,d Qjojh 2015 ¼,d Qjojh dks viMsfVM½ http://idcr.cprindia.org/blog/trends-

indian-development-assistance-energy-sector ij miyC/kA156 nf{k.k ,f’k;k esa fodkl lg;ksx% fj;sfyVh vkWQ ,M] uoEcj 2014 http://www.realityofaid.org/wp-

content/uploads/2015/01/RealityCheck-2014.pdf ij miyC/kA157 iz/kkuea=h usg: us 1950 esa usiky ds lkFk laca/kksa esa phu dh Hkwfedk dks rc mtkxj fd;k tc mUgksaus dgk fd] Þusiky

dh vkarfjd fLFkfr;ksa esa Hkkjh fnypLih fo’ks”kdj phu vkSj frCcr esa gks lds ?kVukØe dh otg ls vkSj Hkh xgu vkSjO;fDrxr gks xbZ gSAÞ Hkkjr dh fons’k uhfr ij vkDlQksMZ gSaMcqd] vks;wih] 2015

158 Þeksnh McYl Mkmu vkWu fn uscjgqM]Þ;sy Xykscy vkuykbu] 10 twu] 2014 http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/modi-

doubles-down-neighborhood ns[ksaA


Page 45

2½ Hkkjr Mh,lh dk vax ugha gS( u gh og viuh fodkl lgk;rk ds ckjs esa Mh,lh dks lwfpr djrkgS] tSls fd vU; xSj&Mh,lh vuqnkrk tSls fd rqdhZ vkSj nf{k.k vjc djrs gSaA blds vykokHkkjr vkf/kdkfjd fodkl lgk;rk ¼vksMh,½ ds vkdyu vkSj oxhZdj.k ds ckjs esa Mh,lh }kjklwf=r ekxZ funsZ’kksa dk ikyu ugha djrkA159 Hkkjr dk ekuuk gS fd D;ksafd og ,d fodkl’khyns’k gS] blfy, mldh fodkl lgk;rk dks mlds okf.kfT;d vkSj j.kuhfrd fgrksa ls tksM+ djns[kk tkuk pkfg,A160

Lke;≤ ij Hkkjr us lk>snkj ns’kksa esa vkSipkfjd izfØ;kvksa dks vLohd`r fd;k gSA mnkgj.kds fy, usiky vkSj dacksfM;k] nksuksa ns’kksa esa Hkkjr us vuqnkrkvksa dh cSBdksa esa ‘kkfey gksus vkSjvius lgk;rk dk;ZØeksa dh tkudkjh izdV djus ls badkj dj fn;k FkkA161

3½ lk>snkj ns’kksa esa O;kikj vkSj fuos’k Hkkjr ds fodkl lg;ksx dk vfHkUu vax cu x;s gSaA vrhresa Hkkjr ljdkj us vius lkekuksa dh ekax iSnk djus162 ;k fQj {ks=h; vkiwfrZ J`[kayk esa fofHkUufuth daifu;ksa ds izos’k dk jkLrk cukus ds fy, izkfIrdrkZ ns’k dh vFkZO;oLFkk dks lgk;d cukusds fy, fons’kh lgk;rk dk mi;ksx fd;k FkkA

Lkjdkj lkoZtfud&futh lk>snkjh ds ekWMy dk mi;ksx djrh gS vkSj blds varxZr og iwjdfuth fuos’k dks cy nsus ds fy, vkjafHkd fuos’k djrh gS ;k fQj ifj;kstukvksa dk LokfeRo vkSjizca/ku futh daifu;ksa dks ns nsrh gSA163

4½ vkt fjvk;rh ,yvkslht fodkl lgk;rk dk O;kid :Ik ls bLrseky fd;k tkus okyk midj.kcu pqds gSaA bUgha dh otg ls Hkkjr us viuh fodkl lk>snkfj;ksa dk foLrkj fd;k gS( ,fXtecSad varjkZ”Vªh; _.k cktkj ls ,yvkslht ds fy, fuf/k;ka ,d= djrk gS vkSj igys dh rjgHkkjrh; ctV }kjk lhfer ugha gSA164

159 eqysu] jkuh Mh] ÞHkkjr dh fodkl lgk;rk% D;k blls HkweaMyh; lgk;rk izfreku esa cnyko vk;sxk] vizSy 2013http://www.iilj.org/newsandevents/documents/mullen.pdf ns[ksaA

160 fodkl lk>snkjh iz’kklu ij Jh ih-,l- jk?kou] ,l,l ¼Mhih½ dh okrkZ] tqykbZ 2013] vkbZMh,l, 161 Hkkjr ds lgk;rk vf/kdkjh vDlj usiky ;kstuk vk;ksx dh cSBdksa dh mis{kk djrs gSaA ns[ksa vf/kdkjh] eksukfylk] Þusiky

dks Hkkjrh; lgk;rk dh jktuhfr vkSj n`f”Vdks.k] Þi`”B 334] j.kuhfrd fo’ys”k.k] ebZ 2014 38:3, 325-340, DOI:

10.1080/09700161.2014.895236. blh rjg Hkkjr dacksfM;k esa ikajifjd vuqnkrk cSBdksa esa Hkkx ugha ysrk] lkVks] ftu(f’kxk] fgjksdkbZ] dksck;’kh] rdk’kh vkSj dksanksg] fglkfgjks] ÞizkfIrdrkZ ns’k ds n`f”Vdks.k ls mHkjrs vuqnkudrkZ% dacksfM;k esafons’kh vuqnku dk laLFkkxr fo’ys”k.k] oYMZ MsoyiesaV] fnlacj 2011

162 vf/kdkjh] eksukfylk] Þusiky dks Hkkjrh; lgk;rk dh jktuhfrÞ j.kuhfrd fo’ys”k.k] ebZ 2014] 38:3, 325-340, DOI:

10.1080/09700161.2014.895236 esa ns[ksaA163 prqosZnh] lfpu] fpuks;] vuqjk/kk ,e] pksiMk+] nhIrk] tks’kh] vuqjk/kk vkSj yksx/;kuk] [kq’k gsy ,l ÞHkkjr dk fodkl lg;ksxÞ

,foMsal fjiksVZ ua- 95] baLVhV~;wV vkQ MsoyiesaV LVMht] flracj 2014 164 eqysu] jkuh Mh] Hkkjr dk fodkl lg;ksx D;k ;g HkweaMyh; lgk;rk izfreku cnysxk] vizSy 2013

http://www.iilj.org/newsandevents/documents/mullen.pdf esa ns[ksaA


,yvkslht O;kikj vkSj fuos’k ij Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk fn;s x;s cy ds vuqlkj Hkkjrh; lkekuksavkSj lsokvksa ds fy, cktkj <wa<us dk lk/ku Hkh gSA165 ,yvkslht dk foLrkj Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa lsde ls de 75 izfr’kr lkeku vkSj lsok,a vf/kizkIr djus ls lacaf/kr gSA166 ¼ljdkj dqN jkgriznku dj ldrh gSA½

5½ fons’kksa esa Hkkjrh; ifj;kstukvksa dks] fo’ks”kdj dk;kZUo;u ls tqM+h ifj;kstukvksa dks vusd pqukSfr;ksadk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA167 iwoZ fo’ks”k lfpo] fodkl lk>snkjh iz’kklu ¼Mhih,½] fons’k ea=ky;ds vuqlkj Hkkjr dks vusd ns’kksa esa ctV vkaoVu] ifj;kstukvksa ds ewY;kadu esa foyac] ifj;kstukds fy, de daifu;ksa ls lacaf/kr leL;vksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA168 O;kid :Ik ls ;g ekuktkrk gS fd Mhih, ds ikl deZpkfj;ksa dh deh gS ftldh otg ls ;s leL;k,a vkSj Hkh tfVygks tkrh gSaA169

6½ tgka Hkkjr }kjk dk;kZfUor dh tkus okyh ;k Hkkjrh; lgk;rk ls dk;kZfUor dh tkus okyh cM+hbaÝkLVªDpj ;kstukvksa dks fnDdrksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gS] ogha Hkkjr dh NksVh fodklifj;kstukvksa dk dk;kZUo;u vkSj izca/ku rqyukRed :Ik ls csgrj <ax ls fd;k tk jgk gSA170

Hkkjr ds iM+kSlh ns’kksa ds chp ;s ifj;kstuk,a dkQh yksdfiz; gSaA igys budk dk;kZUo;u usikyesa fd;k x;k vkSj fQj Jh yadk] HkwVku vkSj vQxkfuLrku esaA171

blh rjg vkbZVhbZlh dk;ZØe ds varxZr Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk lapkfyr rduhdh dk;ZØeksa vkSj{kerk fuekz.k izf’k{k.kksa dks lk>snkj ns’kksa esa csgrj izR;qÙkj izkIr gqvk gSA vkbZVhbZlh ds varxZrvc rd 50]000 ls vf/kd yksxksa dks izf’k{k.k iznku fd;k tk pqdk gSA o”kZ 1964&65 esa 80vf/kdkfj;ksa dks izf’k{k.k fn;k x;k Fkk vkSj vc 2014&15 esa 161 ns’kksa ds 10]000 yskxksa dksizf’k{k.k fn;k x;k gSA172

165 xkaxqyh] lqfer vkSj eqysu] jkuh Mh] ÞHkkjr dh uez ‘kfDr dk mHkkj] fons’k uhfr] 8 ebZ 2012A ns[ksa% .http://foreignpolicy.com/2012/05/08/the-rise-of-indias-soft-power/?wp_login_redirect=0. Ganguly and Mullennote that LoCs help create new markets for Indian goods and workers.

166 eqysu] jkuh Mh] ÞykbUl vkQ ØsfMV] Þ Hkkjr fodkl lg;ksx ‘kks/k] 28 vizSy 2013 http://idcr.cprindia.org/blog/lines-credit ij miyC/k gSA

167 fodkl lk>snkjh iz’kklu ¼Mhih,½ ij Jh ih-,l- jk?kou dh okrkZ tqykbZ 2013] vkbZMh,l,168 ogh169 ÞHkkjr dk fons’kh lgk;rk dk;ZØe HkweaMyh; vkdka{kkvksa ds le{k]Þ MsosDl] 10 ebZ] 2013A

https://www.devex.com/news/india-s-foreign-aid-program-catches-up-with-its-global-ambitions-80919 ns[ksa170 Jhfuoklu] ‘kjek/kk] ÞHkkjr ds baÝkLVªDpj vkSj jktu; dk vkadyu]Þ ekpZ 2015A http://www.gatewayhouse.in/assessing-

indias-infrastructure-aid-diplomacy/ ij miyC/k gSA171 prqosnhZ] lfpu] ÞHkkjr dh lgk;rk vkids iM+kSl ds ns’k es vk jgh gS] fn fgUnw] 5 flracj] 2012

http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/aid-from-india-coming-to-a-country-near-you/article3859607.ece esa ns[ksaA172 ÞHkkjr ds vkfFkZd vkSj rduhdh lg;ksx ds 50 o”kZ & ,d fjiksVZ] vkbZMhlhvkj] tuojh 2015


Page 47

flQkfj’ksa vkSj fu”d”kZ

Hkkjr ds fons’kh lgk;rk dk;ZØe dks ,l,llh <kaps ds varxZr lwf=r fd;k x;k FkkA Hkkjr dkekuuk gS fd mldh lgk;rk uhfr;ka fodkl’khy ns’kksa dh fodkl laca/k t:jrksa dh iwfrZ djrh gSavkSj mlds lkFk dksbZ ‘krsZa ugha tqM+h gqbZ gSa( Hkkjr ds fons’k ea=ky; us vkbZVhbZlht dk o.kZu blizdkj fd;k gS] ;g Hkkjr }kjk vius lkekftd&vkfFkZd fodkl vkSj izkS|ksfxdh; miyfC/k;ksa ds Qyksadks vU; fodkl’khy ns’kksa ds lkFk ckaVus dk ,d fouez iz;kl gSA

fQj Hkh Hkkjr ds fodkl lg;ksx ds izkFkfedrkiw.kZ ns’kksa vkSj {ks=ksa dk fuekZ.k Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd vkSjvkfFkZd y{;ksa esa gksrk gS tSlk fd fiNys o”kZ ds ctV vkoaVuksa ls Li”V gks tkrk gSA

mnkgj.k ds fy, fons’k ea=ky; ds o”kZ 2015&16 ds vkmVde ctV ds vuqlkj ea=ky; us o”kZ 2014ds foÙk o”kZ esa 7235 djksM+ #i;s lgk;rk laca/kh dk;Zdykiksa ds fy, vkoafVr fd;s vkSj buesa lsyxHkx 90 izfr’kr vuqnku vkSj _.k Ng lkdZ ns’kksa ds ikl x;sA ;s ns’k Fks & HkwVku] vQxkfuLrku]usiky] Jhyadk] caxykns’k vkSj ekynhoA173 blds vykok o”kZ 2005&2010 ds chp fons’k ea=ky;}kjk iznku fd;s x;s 12]000 djksM+ #i;s ds vuqnku dk rhu&pkSFkkbZ LokLF;] f’k{kk vkSj lkekftdlsok ds ctk;s ÅtkZ] ty] ifjogu] lapkj vkSj m|ksx ds {ks=ksa ij O;; fd;k x;kA174

Hkkjr dh fodkl lgk;rk dk vkdkj vkSj nk;jk vf/kdkf/kd c<+rk tk jgk gS vkSj blfy, ogmHkjrh gqbZ vFkZO;oLFkkvksa okys ns’kksa esa fodkl lgk;rk iznku djus okyk izeq[k ns’k cuk gSA Hkkjrdh fons’k uhfr ds y{;ksa dks iwjk djus ds vykok Hkkjr dh fodkl lgk;rk vU; ns’kksa ds fodkldks izHkkfor vkSj rhoz djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrh gSA blfy, ;g vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gS fdfodkl lg;ksx dh tks Hkh uhfr;ka vkSj jhfr;ka gksa os tu&dsafnzr gksaA Hkkjr tSls ns’kksa ds ekeys esa &tks Lo;a cM+h lgk;rk izkIr djus okys ns’k jg pqds gSa] muds fy, ;g ftEesnkjh vkSj Hkh c<+ tkrh gSA

173 vkmVde ctV ¼2015&16½] fons’k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk iznku fd;s x;s vkadM+ks ds vk/kkj ij vkadfyrA 174 Hkkjr fodkl lg;ksx ‘kks/k igydneh] ÞÅtkZ {ks= esa Hkkjrh; fodkl lgk;rk ds #>ku]Þ Hkkjr fodkl lg;ksx ‘kks/k

¼vkbZMhlhvkj½ ifj;kstuk] U;wt czhQ la[;k 4] ,d Qjojh 2015 ¼fiNyh ckj ,d Qjojh dks viMsfVM½http://idcr.cprindia.org/blog/trends-indian-development-assistance-energy-sector ij miyC/k gSA


Hkkjr dh fodkl lgk;rk dks vkSj vf/kd izHkkodkjh cukus ds fy, bl v/;;u esa fuEufyf[krflQkfj’ksa dh xbZ gSa%

1- izkfIrdrkZvksa ds lkFk Bksl laokn

Hkkjr fodkl lgk;rk ds izkfIrdrkZ lapkfyr ekWMy dk ikyu djrk gS rkfd LFkkuh; vkcknh

dh vkdka{kkvksa dh iwfrZ dh tk ldsA blfy, vuqnku izkIr djus okys ns’kksa ds lkFk laokn dks

laLFkkxr :Ik nsuk t:jh gSA blds lkFk ;g lqfuf’pr djuk Hkh vko’;d gS fd ykHkkFkhZ ns’k

fu;kstu izfØ;k esa ‘kkfey jgsa] fo’ks”kdj detksj vkSj Vdjkoksa ls f?kjs gq, ns’kA bu izfØ;kvksa

dk usr`Ro LFkkuh; Hkkjrh; nwrkokl dj ldrs gSa vkSj blesa xSj&ljdkjh laLFkkvksa dh enn ys

ldrs gSa D;ksafd bu laLFkkvksa dk LFkkuh; leqnk;ksa ls vPNk laidZ gksrk gSA blds vykok fodkl

dk;Z djus okys xSj&ljdkjh laLFkk,a LFkkuh; ljdkjksa dks tkap ij[k esa lgk;rk iznku dj

ldrh gSaA

2- csgrj uhfrxr leUo; vkSj dk;kZUo;u

Ok”kZ 2012 esa fons’k ea=ky; us Mhih, dh LFkkiuk dh Fkh vkSj bldk y{; bl izdkj Fkk &

Þ’kq:vkr] fu”iknu vkSj iwjk gksus rd Hkkjr dh lgk;rk ifj;kstukvksa dk lgh izdkj ls dk;kZUo;u

djukAÞ Ikj bl dne ds ckotwn vusd ifj;kstukvksa ds dk;kZUo;u esa ck/kk,a mifLFkr gks jgh

gSaA buls ifj;kstukvksa dh ykxr c<+ ldrh gSaA blls lcls de fodflr izkfIrdrkZ ns’k lcls

vf/kd izHkkfor gq, gSa D;ksafd os dHkh&dHkh vius fodkl ds fy, Hkkjrh; lgk;rk ij gh fuHkZj

gksrs gSaA ljdkj dks ,slh ck/kkvksa ds nwj djuk pkfg,A

3- futh fgr/kkjdksa ¼LVsdgksYMlZ½ dh tokcnsgh dks c<+kuk

tSlk fd igys Li”V fd;k tk pqdk gS] O;kikj Hkkjr ds fodkl lg;ksx ij fuHkZj gS vkSj ljdkj

vDlj O;kikj lkSnksa vkSj fuos’kksa ds :Ik esa fodkl lgk;rk iznku djrh gSA ij Hkkjr ds fodkl

lg;ksx ds laca/k esa dqN daifu;ka Hkwfe & vf/kxzg.k vkfn djus dk dk;Z dj jgh gSa tks fd


Page 49

vuSfrd gSA blfy, Hkkjr ljdkj vkSj futh {ks= rFkk LoSfPNd laxBuksa dks uSfrd O;ogkjksa ds

fy, vkpkj lafgrk cukuh pkfg,A ljdkj dks Hkh vf/kd [kqyh izfØ;k vkSj lerkiw.kZ izfØ;k

viukus dh t:jr gSA

4- ukxfjd lekt dh vf/kd Hkkxhnkjh

Lkjdkj viuh fodkl lk>snkfj;ksa ds ckjs esa vke yksxksa dh tkudkjh nsus ds fy, vf/kd rRij

ugha gS vkSj nwljh vkSj lapkj ek/;eksa rFkk ukxfjd lekt us Hkh bl eqn~ns esa vf/kd fnypLih

ugha fn[kkbZ ij ,d ,sls le; esa tc fodkl ij ifjppkZ [kqyh ljdkjksa vkSj MkVk] Økafr;ksa ds

ek/;e ls fodkl izHkkodkfjrk dh fn’kk esa c<+ jgh gS] ljdkjksa ds fy, ;g vko’;d gS fd os

Hkkjr fodkl lg;ksx Qksje ¼,QvkbZMhlh½ tSls eapksa ds ek/;e ls LoSfPNd laLFkkvksa dks blesa

‘kkfey djsA blls Hkkjr ds fodkl lgk;rk dk;ZØeksa dks vf/kd oS/krk izkIr gksxhA

Hkkjrh; LoSfPNd laLFkkvksa ds ikl ,slh Ik;kZIr fo’ks”kKrk vkSj Kku gS ftldk mi;ksx leku

fodkl lanHkkZsa okys vU; ns’kksa esa cnykodkjh] Bksl cnyko ykus ds fy, fd;k tk ldsA Hkkjrh;

laLFkk,a lk>snkj ns’kksa esa LFkkuh; LoSfPNd laLFkkvksa ds {kerk fuekZ.k esa lgk;rk dj ldrh gSa

vkSj bl rjg Hkz”Vkpkj esa deh yk ldrh gSaA

5- fodkl lg;ksx dks HkweaMyh; ,tsaMk ls tksM+uk

HkweaMyh; fodkl laokn eqDr fodkl ij cy nsus ls vc fodkl ds izfr vf/kd fLFkjrkiw.kZ vkSj

lexzrkiw.kZ n`f”Vdks.k dh fn’kk esa vkxs c<+k gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, u;s viuk;s x;s fLFkjrkiw.kZ

fodkl y{;ksa dk mn~ns’; fu/kZurk&mUewyu] lekos’kiw.kZ lao`f)] fLFkjrkiw.kZ laLFkk,a vkSj ‘kkafriw.kZ

rFkk U;k;iw.kZ leku gSA Hkkjr dks ;g lqfuf’pr djuk pkfg, fd u;s fodkl cSad tSlh cgqi{kh;

laLFkkvksa ds ek/;e ls vkSj f}i{kh; fodkl foÙk ls fodkl’khy ns’kksa dks ;s y{; gkfly djus

esa l{ke cuk;saA mnkgj.k ds fy, Hkkjr dks ;g lqfuf’pr djuk pkfg, fd ,yvkslht vkSj

vuqnkuksa }kjk foÙkiksf”kr baÝkLVªDpj vkSj LoPN ÅtkZ fufeZr djus ij /;ku dsafnzr fd;k tk;sA


6- lhek fodkl ,tsaMk dks :i iznku djuk

Hkkjr vkbZch,l,] fczDl vkSj th&20 tSls vusd egRoiw.kZ cgqi{kh; lewgksa dk vax gSA vkt ;s

lewg fodkl foÙk ds izokg dks fu/kkZfjr djus dh fLFkfr esa gSaA ;g ckr rc vkSj Hkh egRo /kkj.k

dj ysrh gS tc ge ;g fopkj djrs gSa fd fodkl’khy ns’kksa esa baÝkDVªpj dk vko’;d Lrj

vxys 20 o”kksZa ds fy, yxHkx 1&1-5 fVªfy;u izfr o”kZ gS175 vkSj ;g fd fodkl’khy ns’k]

fo’ks”kdj de vk; okys ns’k viuh fodkl t:jrksa ds fy, foÙk izkIr djus gsrq vf/kdkf/kd :Ik

ls nf{k.k ds vanj ds vuqnkudrkZvksa dh vksj mUeq[k gksaxsA

blds vykok ;g vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd ;s eap djk/kku vkSj izoklu tSls vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd

eqn~nksa ij uhfr;ka cukus esa fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk fuHkk;saxs ftlls vkxkeh ihf<+;ksa dk Hkfo”; izHkkfor

gks ldrk gSA Hkkjr dks ,l,llh ds fl)karksa ds vk/kkj ij bu eapksa ij fopkj&foe’kksZa dks lwfpr

djus vksj :Ik iznku djus dk iz;kl djuk pkfg,A

175 panz’ks[kj] lh- ih-] ÞrqyukRed n`f”V ls fodkl cSafdax]Þ fczDl ns’kksa esa fodkl foÙk] ,pch,Q


Page 1Page 51

lanHkZ xzaFklwph

vf/kdkjh] eksukfylk] Þusiky dks Hkkjrh; lgk;rk dh jktuhfr vkSj vocks/ku]Þ LVªsVsftd ,ukfyfll] ebZ 2014] 38:3, 325-340,

DOI: 10.1080/09700161.2014.895236.

,aMlZu v’kfyu vkSj vk;jsl ,fylk] ÞizHkko dk vFkZ’kkL=% nf{k.k ,f’k;k esa phu vkSj Hkkjr]Þ ,DliVZ czhQ] dkSafly vkWu Qkfjufjys’ku] vxLr 2015

,f’k;u MsoyiesaV cSad dh fodkl leUo; fjiksVZ] ¼vkjvkjih ch,p;w 44444½- http://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/linked-

documents/44444-013-dc.pdf.

vk;jsl ,fylk] ßeksnh McYl Mkmu vkWu fn uscjgwMÞ] Fksy Xykscy vkuykbu] twu 2014. http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/modi-

doubles-down-neighborhood.

cszsoLVj MsfoM] ÞHkkjr vkSj baMksusf’k;k ds chp laca/kÞ% ,d mHkjrh lqj{kk lk>snkjh] ,f’k;u losZ] [kaM 51] i- 221&244] vkbZ,l,l,u0004&4687] bysDVªkWfud vkbZ,l,l,u 1533&838,Dl-

panz’ks[kj] lh-ih-] rqyukRed n`f”Vdks.k ls fodkl cSafdax MsoyiesaV QkbuSal bu n fczDl dUVªht] gsufjd cksy QkmaMs’ku

prqosZnh] lfpu( fpuks; vuqjk/kk ,e( pksiM+k] nhIrk] tks’kh] vuqjk/kk ,oa yX/;ku] [kq’k gky ,l-] ÞHkkjr dk fodkl lg;ksxÞ,foMsal fjiksVZ ua 95] baLVhV~;wV vkWQ MsoyiesaV LVMht] flrEcj 2014

prqosZnh] lfpu( dqekj] lq’khy vkSj esanhjrk] ‘k’kkad] Þfodkl lk>snkjh ifj;kstukvksa esa jkT; vkSj leqnk; dh Hkkxhnkjh dklarqyu( usiky esa Hkkjrh; ,lMhiht ds mHkjs izek.kÞ] vkjvkbZ,l fopkj&foe’kZ vkys[k la[;k 183] vxLr 2013

nkl] jke misanz] Þlh,y,eoh ds lkFk vkfFkZd ,dhdj.k dh Hkkjr dh j.kuhfrÞ] okf.kT; ,oa m|ksx ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj, 2015ISBN: 81-7122-109-2.

Hkkjrh; nwrkokl] fFkaiw] Hkkjr&HkwVku laca/k] fnlEcj 2015- http://www.indianembassythimphu.bt/pages.php?id=83.

Hkkjrh; nwrkokl] Qukse isUg] lgk;rk ifj;kstuk,a http://www.indembassyphnompenh.org/projects/aid-projects.html.

,afnz;kl vkSj cnykeUufr d`”.kk lh] Þt:jrean vuqnkudrkZ% Hkkjr ds lgk;rk vfHkizk;ksa dk fo’ys”k.kÞ] twu 2012

Xkaxqyh] lqfer vkSj eqysu jkuh Mh] ÞHkkjr dh uez ‘kfDr ¼lk¶V ikoj½ dk mHkkj] Qkfju ikfylh] 8 ebZ 2012-

?kkslky ckynkl] ÞHkkjr baMksusf’k;k dh iwoZ dh vksj ns[kks Þj.kuhfr esa] vkbZMh,l, czhQ] tuojh 2011

Hkkjr fodkl lg;ksx ‘kks/k] ßHkkjrh; fodkl lg;ksx dh fLFkfrÞ lsaVj Qkj ikfylh fjlpZ] o”kZ 2014

Hkkjr fodkl lg;ksx ‘kks/k] ßHkkjr ds rduhdh vkSj vkfFkZd lg;ksx ds 50 o”kZ] lsaVj Qkj ikfylh fjlpZ] tuojh 2015

yhu] gqbZ gqbZ vkSj fLeFk jlsy] ÞHkwVku esa fo|qr mi;ksx] vkmViqV vkSj O;kikj]Þ ,Mhch lkmFk ,fl;k cfdaZx isij lhjht] fnlacj2014

ekuslZ] ,aMª;w] Þ/khehxfr ls vkxs c<+rs gq,% bDDhloh ‘krkCnh esa Hkkjr&baMksusf’k;k laca/kÞ] ¶;wpj Mk;jsD’kal baVjus’kuy] vxLr2014

fons’k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj] Hkkjr&HkwVku laca/k] vizSy 2014- http://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/

Bhutan_April_2014_eng.pdf

fons’k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj] Hkkjr dacksfM;k laca/k] tqykbZ 2014] http://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/

Cambodia_July_2014.pdf

fons’k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj] Hkkjr&baMksusf’k;k laca/k] tuojh 2014- http://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/

Indonesia_January_2014.pdf

fons’k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj] Hkkjr&usiky laca/k tqykbZ 2014- http://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/

Nepal_July_2014_.pdf

fons’k ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj] okf”kZd fjiksVZ ¼2013&14] 2014&15½ http://mea.gov.in/annual-reports.htm?57/Annual_Reports

fons’k ea=ky; Hkkjr ljdkj] vkmVde ctV ¼2013&14] 2014&15] 2015&16½ http://www.mea.gov.in/budget.htm?59/Budget

Hkkjr vkSj nf{k.k ,f’k;k% {ks=h; nf”Vdks.kksa dh Nkuchu] vkbZMh,l,] ubZ fnYyh] fo’kky panz }kjk laikfnr] isaVkxu izSl] vkbZ,lch,u978-81-8274-812-5, 2015.

Ekq[kthZ] jksgu] ßHkkjr dk varjkZ”Vªh; fodkl dk;ZØeß vkDlQksMZ gSaMcqd vkWQ bafM;u Qkfju] ikfylh] vkDlQksMZ ;qfuoflZVh izSl2015

eqysu] jkuh Mh] ßHkkjr dh fodkl lgk;rk% D;k blls HkweaMyh; lgk;rk izfreku esa cnyko vk;sxkÞ] vizSy 2013http://www.iilj.org/newsandevents/documents/mullen.pdf. ij miyC/k gSA

eqfu] ,l-Mh] Hkkjr dh ßiwoZ dh vksj ns[kksÞ uhfr% j.kuhfrd vk;ke] vkbZ,l,,l dk;Z vkys[k] la[;k 121] Qjojh 2011

uk;d] uhgkj vkj] Þj.kuhfrd fgeky; {ks=% usiky x.kra= vkSj ckgjh rkdrsaÞ] vkbZMh,l,] ubZ fnYyh] isaVkxr izSl] vkbZ,lch,u978-81-8274-761-6, 2014.

uhfr vk;ksx] Þlhekvksa ds ikj fo|qr O;kikj ¼vk;kr½Þ India Energy Security Scenarios 2047,

http://indiaenergy.gov.in/supply_eleimport.php.

izkbl] xjsFk] Þvuqnku dk;Z esa fofo/krk% cnyrk gqvk vkf/kdkfjd ekuork lgk;rk ifjn`’;Þ] g~;weu ikfylh xzqi] flracj 2005

jkepanzu] fot;k] ÞvuqnkudrkZ ds :Ik esa Hkkjr dk mHkkj]Þ ebZ 2010 Accessed at: http://www.cgdev.org/blog/india-emerges-

aid-donor.

lkVks] ftu] f’kxk] fgjksdkbZ] dksck;k’kh] rdk’kh vkSj dksanksg] fglkfgjk] ÞizkfIrdrkZvksa dh n`f”V ls mHkjrs gq, vuqnkudrkZ% dacksfM;kesa fons’kh lgk;rk dk laLFkkxr fo’ys”k.k]Þ oYMZ MoyiesaV] fnlacj 2011

Jh/kju] bZ’oju] ÞHkkjr vkSj phu dh mHkjrh gqbZ fons’kh lgk;rk uhfr;ka% fodkl lk>snkj ds :Ik esa HkkjrÞ] Hkkjr ds laca/k esaifulsYosfu;k] fo’ofo|ky; dh fjiksVZ] ekpZ 2014

Jhfuoklu] ‘kjek/kk] ÞHkkjr dh baÝkLVªDpj lgk;rk dwVuhfrÞ] xsVos gkml] ekpZ 2015] http://www.gatewayhouse.in/assessing-

indias-infrastructure-aid-diplomacy/

fo’o cSad] HkwVku ns’k dh >yfd;ka ekpZ 2014]http://www.worldbank.org/ content/dam/Worldbank/document/SAR/bhutan-

country-snapshot-spring-2014.pdf

lgk;rk dh okLrfodrk fj;sfyVh psd] Þnf{k.k ,f’k;k esa fodkl lg;ksx% mHkjrs vuqnkrkvksa dh dgkuh]Þ }kjk vkbZchvks,ubaVjus’kuy and the fj;sfyVh vkWQ ,M&,f’k;k isflfQd] uoEcj] 2014a


Page 52

ok.kh ds izdk’kuksa dh lwph• Ukkxfjd lekt dh tokcnsgh ds fl)kar vkSj O;ogkj ¼vaxszth½

• LoSfPNd {ks= ds fy, leFkZdkjh okrkoj.k & ,d HkweaMyh; vfHk;ku ¼vaxszth½

• LoSfPNd laxBuksa esa varjkZ"Vªh; lq'kklu ds fy, ekWMy uhfr;ka

• LoSfPNd {ks= ds fy, lq'kklu ij ,d gSaMcqd

• Hkkjr esa LoSfPNd {ks= dh fLFkfr ¼izkbej½ ¼fganh vkSj vaxszth½

• lgk;rk izHkkodkfjrk ppkZ esa ukxfjd lekt dh layXurk

• LoSfPNd laLFkkvksa vkSj futh {ks= ds chp cnyrh xfr'khyrk

• ljdkjh ;kstukvksa vkSj ifj;kstukvksa esa LoSfPNd laLFkkvksa dks 'kkfey djuk

• Hkkjr ds HkweaMyh; infpUg

• Hkkjr dh fodkl lg;krk% #>ku] pqukSfr;ka vkSj lh,lvkst ds fy, fufgrkFkZ

• th 20 esa Hkkjr dh Hkwfedk% ,d ukxfjd lekt n`f"Vdks.k

• /kkfeZd vYila[;dksa dks ysdj dke djus okyh LoSfPNd laLFkkvksa dk ;ksxnku vkSj pqukSfr;ka ¼vaxszth vkSj fganh½

• efgykvksa ds lkFk dke djus okyh LoSfPNd laLFkkvksa dk ;ksxnku vkSj pqukSfr;ka ¼vaxszth vkSj fganh½

• LokLF; vkSj iks"k.k ds {ks= esa dke djus okyh LoSfPNd laLFkkvksa dh Hkwfedk vkSj ;ksxnku ¼vaxszth vkSj fganh½

• tehuh Lrj dh LoSfPNd laLFkkvksa dh pqukSfr;ka & v/;;u fjiksVZ dk izkbej ¼vaxszth vkSj fganh½

• ty vkSj LoPNrk ds laca/k esa LoSfPNd {ks= dh laLFkkvksa dh Hkwfedk vkSj ;ksxnku ¼vaxzsth vkSj fganh½

• nfyrksa dks ysdj dk;Z djus okyh LoSfPNd laLFkkvksa dk ;ksxnku vkSj pqukSfr;ka

• f'k{kk] LokLF; vkSj iks"k.k] ty vkSj LoPNrk ds fo"k;xr eqn~nksa dks ysdj dke djus esa lh,lvkj dk ;ksxnku ¼vaxszth vkSj

fganh½

• jk"Vªh; LoSfPNd {ks= uhfr ij iqufoZpkj vkSj jk"Vªh; LoSfPNd dk;Z uhfr dh t:jr ¼vaxszth vkSj fganh½

• jk"Vªh; LoSfPNd {ks= uhfr ij iqufoZpkj vkSj jk"Vªh; LoSfPNd dk;Z uhfr dk uhfrxr lkj ¼vaxszth vkSj fganh½

• Hkkjr esa LoSfPNd {ks= ds fy, leFkZdkjh okrkoj.k & ,d v/;;u fjiksVZ ¼vaxszth½

• Hkkjr esa lrr fodkl & leh{kk vkSj vkxs dh izfØ;k uhfrxr lkj ¼vaxzsth vkSj fgUnh½

• foÙkh; lekos’k dh vkyspukRed leh{kk & Hkkjr ij /;ku dsafnzr djrs gq, th 20 ds ns’k uhfrxr lkj ¼vaxzsth vkSj fgUnh½

• cfg”d`r yksxksa dks ‘kkfey djuk & Hkkjr esa lekos’kiw.kZ lao`f) lqfuf’pr djuk uhfrxr lkj ¼vaxzsth vkSj fgUnh½

• Hkkjr esa Hkz”Vkpkj vkSj vfHk’kklu & orZeku fLFkfr vkSj vkxs dh izfØ;k uhfrxr lkj ¼vaxzsth vkSj fgUnh½

• bafM;k&vQzhdk ikVZujf’ki% , flfoy lkslkbVh ijLiSfDVc ¼vaxzsth½

• minzoxzLr jkT;ksa esa LoSfPNd laLFkkvksa dh fLFkfr & ,d v/;;u fjiksVZ ¼vaxzsth vkSj fgUnh½

• Hkkjr ij fo’ks”k /;ku dsafnzr djrs gq, ,l,llh esa fodkl foÙk vkSj lg;ksx ¼vaxzsth vkSj fgUnh½

• bUde VSDl ,DV Qkj nh okyaVjh lSDVj & , LVMh fjiksVZ ¼vaxzsth½

• ekWMy ikWfylh jftLVªs’ku & , LVMh fjiksVZ ¼vaxzsth½

ok.kh dk ifjp;

okyaVjh ,D'ku usVodZ bafM;k ¼ok.kh½ LoSfPNd laLFkkvksa dk ,d 'kh"kZ fudk; gSA o"kZ 1988 esaLFkkfir ;g laLFkk LoSfPNd {ks= ds izksUufrdrkZ@laj{kjd vkSj mldh lkewfgd vkokt ds :iesa dk;Z djrh gSA

ok.kh dk vk/kkj • Hkkjr ds 25 jkT;ksa esa QSyh 10000 LoSfPNd laLFkk,a gSaA• ;g LoSfPNd {ks= ds laca/k esa izdk'kuksa] 'kks/k] ys[kksa vkSj tkudkjh dk ,d lalk/ku

dsanz gSAy{;• ,d eap ds :i esa LoSfPNdokn dks c<+kok nsuk vkSj LoSfPNd dkjZokbZ ds fy, txg cukukA • ,d usVodZ ds :i esa Hkkjr esa LoSfPNd dkjZokbZ dk ,d lpeqp jk"Vªh; ,tsaMk rS;kj djus

ds fy, {ks= ds lk>s eqn~nksa vkSj ljksdkjksa dks ,dhd`r djukA blds vykok ok.kh cnykods ,dtqV vkSj fVdkÅ vkanksyu dks etcwr cukus dh fn'kk esa Hkkjrh; LoSfPNd {ks= dsfofHkUu iz;klksa vkSj igydnfe;ksa ds chp laidZ cukrh gSA

• ,d ,lksfl,'ku ds :i esa( ewY; vk/kkfjr LoSfPNd dkjZokbZ vkSj fo'ks"kdj vius lnL;ksa dschp nh?kZdkfyd fVdkÅiu dks iksf"kr dh fn'kk esa dk;Z djukA

dk;Z ds {ks=• LoSfPNd {ks= esa lq'kklu ds rkSj&rjhdksa dks c<+kok nsuk• usVodksZa dks etcwr cukuk• LoSfPNd {ks= dh Lora= vkokt dks :i iznku djuk• LoSfPNd {ks= dks izHkkfor djus okyh uhfr;ksa vkSj dkuwuksa ds laca/k esa 'kks/k vkSj iSjoh djukA

Þgsufjd cksy QkmaMs'ku ¼,pch,Q½ teZuh dh ,d i;kZoj.k&mUeq[k jktuhfrd QkmaMs'ku gStks xzhUl@,yk,al ls tqM+h gSA bldk eq[;ky; cfyZu esa gSA vkt vius 30 varjkZ"Vªh; dk;kZy;ksads ek/;e ls gsufjd cksy QkmaMs'ku fo'o Hkj esa ukxfjd f'k{kk dk;Zdyki vkSj ifj;kstuk,apykrh gS vkSj mUgsa lgk;rk iznku djrh gSA

,pch,Q vius dks ,d i;kZoj.k mUeq[k fopkj&laLFkk vkSj varjkZ"Vªh; uhfr usVodZ ds :i esans[krh gS tks fd ljdkjh vkSj xSj&ljdkjh dk;Z&i{kksa ds lkFk dk;Z djrk gS vkSj tsaMjlekurk] fVdkÅ fodkl vkSj tura= rFkk ekuo vf/kdkjksa ij /;ku dsafnzr djrk gSA

Hkkjr esa o"kZ 2002 ls viuh mifLFkfr ds lkFk ,pch,Q dk Hkkjr dk;kZy; ns'k esa fgr/kkjdksavkSj lk>snkjksa ds lkFk ikjLifjd laidZ dk leUo;u djrk gSA blds dk;ZØe ds eq[; {ks=ksaesa tyok;q vkSj lalk/ku uhfr] tsaMj ifjizs{; ls lkekftd&vkfFkZd uhfr] tura= dh xfr'khyrkvkSj u;h HkweaMyh; O;oLFkk esa Hkkjr dh Hkwfedk 'kkfey gSaAß

okyaVjh ,D’ku usVodZ bafM;k ¼ok.kh½chch&5] izFke ry] xzsVj dSyk’k 2] ubZ fnYyh 110 048

Qksu % 01129228127] 29226632] VsfyQSDl% 011&41435535bZesy% [email protected], osclkbV% www.vaniindia.org

gsufjd cksy QkmaMs'ku dk ifjp;

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