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INFNBari, Bologna, Catania, Genova, LNF, LNS, Napoli, Pisa, RomaUniversitàBari, Bologna, Catania, Genova, Napoli, Pisa, Roma “La Sapienza”
CNRIstituto di Oceanografia Fisica, La SpeziaIstituto di Biologia del Mare, VeneziaIstituto Sperimentale Talassografico, Messina
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS)
Istituto Superiore delle Comunicazioni e delle Tecnologie dell’Informazione (ISCTI)
More than 70 researchers from INFN and other Italian institutes
Cherenkov photons
muon
Maurizio SpurioUniversity of Bologna and INFN
On behalf of the NEMO collaboration
The NEMO ProjectNeutrino Mediterranean Observatory
The NEMO Collaboration activities devoted to:• the search, characterization and long term monitoring of a deep sea site for the installation of the Mediterranean km3 -telescope• development and prototyping of technologies for the km3 (NEMO Phase-1 and Phase-2)• Montecarlo simulations
May 21-27, 2006
La Biodola
Isola d'Elba (Italy)
Double armed cable2.3 km lengthSingle armed cable 20.6 kmbranching
unitbranching
unit
SN-1Sismic
Observatory
Shore stationShore station
• 2005: deployment of a seismic and environmental observatory of INGV (SN1) and ODE (Ocean noise Detection Experiment)
• 2006: Deployment and connection of a junction box and a fully instrumented four storey tower
The Tower StructureThe Tower Structure
main EO cablemain Junction Box
secondary JB
“tower”
Detector architecture:• Detector modularity. •Towers with non homogeneous distribution of sensors; Full height 750 m.• Reduced number of towers to reduce the number of underwater connections and allow operation with a ROV.• The towers are composed by a sequence of 15 m long storeys interconnected by tensioning cables.• Power and data cables are kept separated from the tensioning ones.
Optical Modules
Electronics container
The NEMO Phase-1The NEMO Phase-1
Junction Box = Fibreglass container +
Pressure vessels
Junction Box = Fibreglass container +
Pressure vessels
OM = Hamamatsu 10" R7081 SEL
Front End Module (FEM) = 200 MHz , 8bit ADC (log compression).
NEMO Phase-1: Data NEMO Phase-1: Data Transmission and DAQ Transmission and DAQ
4 Mbps/OMFEB#0
FEB#1
FEB#2
FEB#3
Software Trigger
2nd Link: Data from offshore to onshore
• 40 km electro-optical cable. • from the off-shore FCM, to an on-shore FCM (de-multiplexing station)• Physical medium: totally passive Fiber Optics link• Use of the DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (frequency division in the optical domain) is a completely passive optical network used for the TCM.• System assessed by the Italian Ministry of Telecommunications • Existing Stardardized TLC Self-Synchronous Serial Protocol • Data rate up to 400 Mbps
South branchCable 5 km
NEMO Phase-2: The Capo Passero NEMO Phase-2: The Capo Passero SiteSite
• Optimal site location (flat seabed, far from the shelf break and rivers). • Regular and low-value (2-3 cm/s) sea currents. • Low sedimentation rate (50 mg m-2 day-1 )
1st
FEM#2FEM#3
FEM#0FEM#1
INFN LNS
Capo Passero
OBJECTIVES:• Realization of an underwater
infrastructure at 3500 m on the Capo Passero site.
• Test of the detector structure installation procedures at 3500 m
• Installation of a 16 storey tower• Long term monitoring of the siteINFRASTRUCTURE UNDER
CONSTRUCTION• Shore station in Portopalo di Capo
Passero• 100 km electro optical cable• Underwater infrastructuresSTATUS• Purchase of the electro-optical cable
(>50 kW) under way• A building (1000 m2) located inside
the harbor area of Portopalo has been acquired. It will be renovated to host the shore station
• Project completion planned in 2007
(Left scale) Optical background rate and (Right scale) percentage of dead time (on a 10” PMT) in the Capo Passero site (3000 m) vs. time.
Decay of radioactive elements (mainly 40K) stable frequency noise (≈30 kHz on a 10” PMT at 0.3 p.e.)Light produced by biological entities (bioluminescence) random bursts with very high counting rate
The NEMO Phase-2 100 km electro-optical cable.• Voltage= 10 kV• Power > 50 kW
CONCLUSIONS Site choiceThe site offshore Capo Passero shows optimal characteristics for a km3 -telescope
Proof of the technical and budgetary feasibility of a km3 -telescope
Validation of the proposed techologies for the km3Realization of Phase-1 (2006) and Phase-2 (2007) projects. Realization of shore and deep sea infrastructures at Capo Passero
Future developmentsR&D in the KM3NeT Design Study… towards the realization of a km3 . detector
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FCM
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.Mini Tower (4storeys)
• Realization of a subsystem of the km3 including all key elements of the detector
• Project funded by INFN and MIUR
• Shore and deep sea infrastructures at 2000 m.w.e. ready
1st Link: from each Optical Module (OM) of a storey to a Floor Control Module, FCM (x4) 2 MByte/s
DE
MU
X
One single optical fiber backbone per
tower
Floor 3
Floor 2
Floor 1
Floor 0
ADD
ADD
ADD
FCM3
FCM2
FCM 1
FCM0
One floor data is received on-shore by a twin FCM board, plugged on a host machine (FCM Interface)
DWDM: From offshore to onshore
On-Shore DWDM Transceivers
On-Shore Demux stage
3d link- At the FCMI, data are made available on memory buffers (Front End Buffers, or FEBs). Each FEB contains formatted data issued from the corresponding Front End Module