informatika5 1dio.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
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{Informatika
5. razred
Marina Marega Selecki, prof.
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� Prvi koraci� Internet� Programiranje� Jezik računala� Strojna i programska oprema� Obrada teksta� Osnove crtanja
Plan i program
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� Strojna oprema� Programska oprema� Osnove pisanja teksta
Prvi koraci
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� Računalo (eng. Computer)� Prihvaća i izvršava različite programe, više programa
istovremeno� Najsavršeniji alat kojeg je čovjek dosad stvorio� Mogu izvršavati samo ono za što su programirana� Osobna računala (PC – Personal Computer) – dostupna
širokom krugu korisnika koji mogu izvoditi složene matematičke operacije i rješavati razne zadatke (obrada teksta, obrada slike, zvuka, znanstveni proračuni, animacije, programiranje…)
Strojna oprema
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� STROJNA OPREMA RAČUNALA (eng. HARDWARE) - fizički dijelovi koji sačinjavaju računalo
� Osnovna (standardna)� Dodatna
Podjela strojne opreme
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� Osnovna strojna oprema – bez nje računalo ne može u potpunosti ili pravilno raditi� Središnja jedinica� Monitor� Tipkovnica� Miš
� Dodatna strojna oprema – proširuje radne mogućnosti računala (npr. zvučnici, zvučna kartica, modem…)
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� Strojna oprema može se podijeliti i na � Središnju jedinicu� Okolne (periferne) jedinice
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� Računalni sustav možemo podijeliti obzirom na njegove� Vanjske dijelove� Unutarnje dijelove
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� Tipkovnica� Miš� Monitor� Pisač� Zvučnici� Mikrofon� Skener� Kamera� …
Vanjski dijelovi
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� Uređaji pomoću kojih računalo „predaje” podatke� Monitor� Pisač� zvučnici
Izlazne jedinice
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� Obrada -> spremanje podataka-> spremnik ili memorija� Disketa� Tvrdi disk� CD� DVD� USB stick …
Vanjski, pomoćni spremnici
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Računalo iznutra
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� Uređaji pomoću kojih unosimo podatke u računalo� Tipkovnica� Miš� Kamera� Mikrofon…
Ulazne jedinice
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� Tipka za uključivanje i isključivanje� Tipka za restart� Kontrolne lampice (uključenost, tvrdi disk)
Kućište
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� Središnji dio� Procesor, memorijske pločice,
dodatne kartice, priključak za napajanje, tvrdi diskovi, optički pogoni, ulazno-izlazni priključci za tipkovnicu, miš, usb…)
� Kartice za proširenje (grafička, mrežna, TV…)
Matična ploča
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� Središnja jedinica za obradu podataka (CPU) i upravljanje svim dijelovima sustava
Procesor
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� Trajni spremnik – ROM (Read Only Memory)� Privremeni spremnik – RAM (Random Access
Memory)
Glavni, središnji spremnik
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� Tijekom proizvodnje računala u njega se trajno upisuju programi i podaci potrebni za pravilan rad računala
ROM
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� Svaki program se pri pokretanju prvo učita s vanjskog spremnika (tvrdi disk, optički disk, …) u RAM i tamo se izvršava
� Radni spremnik� Privremeni spremnik
RAM
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� Eng. Software� Programi
Programska oprema
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Uključivanje/isključivanje računala