information ethics and policy adam d. moore department of philosophy & information school
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Information Ethics and Policy
Adam D. MooreDepartment of Philosophy
& Information School
http://www.aclu.org/pizza/
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https://www.privacyinternational.org/article/leading-surveillance-societies-eu-and-world-2007
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What’s wrong with WikiLeaks??
Nothing to hide… “just trust us” Why not trade privacy for security?…technology
makes it easy.
Power tends to corrupt….absolute power corrupts absolutely…
Wiki leaks on the government……and coming soon…
Wiki leaks on big business…
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WikiLeaks The Wikileaks movement has started a “wild west” of
information sharing where the playing field has been (or will be) leveled…perhaps this is a good place to start.
Two questions: First, in connection to other citizens, government
agencies, corporations, etc….what kinds of information do we have a right to access…what is an appropriate level of access?
Second, what do we owe each other in terms of
information sharing? I would argue that a fruitful starting place would be to begin with the notion of “self-government” and the information sharing necessary for promoting the stability of democratic institutions.
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Information Ethics
Ethical Theory Security Free Speech Intellectual Property Privacy Policy, Law Ethical IT design Etc.
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Ethical Theory A Theory of Moral Value: What is moral
value? What is good or bad? What has value in the realm of human experience?
Hedonsim, eudaimonism, desire satisfaction
A Theory of Moral Obligation: What makes an action right or wrong? Where do rights come from?
Consequentialism, deontology, virtue ethics?
Two test cases: Trapped in an Underwater Sea-Cave, The Case of Reluctant Donation
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Government and Corporate control of information
http://www.aclu.org/pizza/
Controlling data…• Choice Point, Axicom• Event Data Recorders (EDRs)• GPS, employee tracking• Google Search• Facial recognition technology• bio-implants, RIFDs Radio-frequency identification
• store loyalty cards• video surveillance
Ethical Dimension: Imposed or Chosen?
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Government Surveillance:The USA Patriot Act
FISA Courts Administrative subpoenas TIA – Total Info Awareness TIPS --Terrorism Information
and Prevention System Secret wire-taps Government
transparency Nothing to hide?
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Can you think of any ethical problems or issues related to this picture?
…or more recently the Craig's list experiment?
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Free Speech Justifications for Freedom of Speech
Check on power (government and corporations “truth” discovery Personal growth and individuality Anonymity protects privacy Necessary for stable democratic institutions
Accuracy – “I just said ‘thanks but no thanks to that bridge to no-where”
Spin – bias Yale cultural cognition project (more info does not help…an
individual’s world/cultural views largely determines what she believes….individualist, hierarchist, solidarist/communitarian, egalitarian)
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Intellectual Property
What is IP?Copyright, patent, trademark, trade secretTRIPS agreement
The Justification of IP rights? Incentives-based social progress argumentDeontological argumentsPersonality-based arguments
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Privacy
Defining privacy
The value of privacy
Justifying privacy rights
Privacy protections in the law. 4th Amendment, torts, etc.
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Tensions with Speech and IP
Privacy v. Free Speech If individuals have informational
privacy rights then these rights may restrict freedom of speech and freedom of the press.
Privacy v. Intellectual Property If individuals have informational
privacy rights then these rights may limit intellectual property rights.
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Discussion Case: Intellectual property v. Privacy v. Free Speech
Cape Publications, Inc. v. Bridges, Florida 1982: A women is kidnapped, taken to an apartment, stripped, and terrorized. The police — and the media — surround the apartment. The police eventually overcome the kidnapper and rush the woman, who clutches a dish towel in a futile attempt to conceal her nudity, to safety. A photograph of her escape is published in the next day's newspaper. She sued for invasion of privacy and eventually lost the case.
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More Cases
Suppose, for example, that Mr. Friday buys a painting at a garage sale—a long-lost Crusoe original. Friday takes the painting home and alters the painting with a marker, drawing horns and mustaches on the figures in the painting. The additions are so clever and fit so nicely into the painting that Friday hangs it in a window on a busy street.
Net NeutralityE-mail Monitoring
P1. It is morally permitted to trespass on the property of others as long as one’s motives are good and no harm is done.
P2. Many hackers have good intentions and do no damage.
C3. Some hacking should be permitted