İngİlİzce 8 - aok.meb.gov.traok.meb.gov.tr/pdf/ingilizce_8.pdf · ankara 2017 t.c. mİllÎ...

ANKARA 2017

T.C.MİLLÎ EĞİTİM BAKANLIĞIAÇIK ÖĞRETİM OKULLARI

AÇIK ÖĞRETİM LİSESİ – MESLEKİ AÇIK ÖĞRETİM LİSESİ

İNGİLİZCE8

DERS NOTU

YAZARLAR

KOMİSYON

MEB HAYAT BOYU ÖĞRENME GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ YAYINLARI

AÇIK ÖĞRETİM OKULLARI DERS NOTLARI DİZİSİ

Copyright © MEB Her hakkı saklıdır ve Millî Eğitim Bakanlığına aittir. Tümü ya da bölümleri izin

alınmadan hiçbir şekilde çoğaltılamaz, basılamaz ve dağıtılamaz.

Yazar

Grafik

: Komisyon

: Hatice DEMİRER

Resimleme : Sevgi MERT

Kapak : Güler ALTUNÖZ

İÇİNDEKİLER

1. ÜNİTE

EMOTIONS

Phobias (Fobiler) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11

Future Continuoust Tense _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15

Future Perfect Tense _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18

Test _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22

2. ÜNİTE

HABBITS

Nap _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29

Conditional Sentences _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33

Test _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42

3. ÜNİTE

SECURITY

Credit Cards (Kredi Kartları) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49

Adverbial Clauses (Zarf Cümlecikleri) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52

Test _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59

4. ÜNİTE

SCIENCE AND TECNOLOGY

Computer and Internet (Bilgisayar ve İnternet) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67

Passive Voice (Edilgen Çatı) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71

Test _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78

UNIT ONE

EMOTIONS

(DUYGULAR)

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ENGLISH EIGHT (İNGİLİZCE 8)

NELER ÖĞRENECEĞİZ?

Bu ünitenin sonunda;

1. Fabiler ile ilgili bir okuma parçasını okuyup anlayabilecek, konu ile ilgili sorula-rı cevaplandırabilecek,

2. Gelecekte belli bir süre devam edecek olan eylemleri anlatabilecek,

3. Gelecekte belli bir zamanda yapmış olacağımız eylemleri anlatabileceksiniz.

NASIL ÇALIŞMALIYIZ

– Konuyu dikkatlice okuyunuz.

– Konuda yeni geçen kelimeleri öğreniniz.

– Alıştırmaları yapmadan önce örnekleri dikkatle inceleyiniz.

– Alıştırmaları ve testleri çözdükten sonra kontrol edip yanlış yaptığınız alış-tırmaların ve testlerin konularını tekrar çalışınız.


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PART ONE

Phobias (Fobiler)According to the psychiatrists,

a phobia is an irrational and exces-sive fear of an object or situation. In most cases, the phobia involves a sense of endangerment or a fear of harm. Phobic symptoms can oc-cur through exposure to the fear object or situation, or sometimes simply thinking about the feared object. Common symptoms associ-ated with phobias include dizziness, breathlessness, and nausea, a sense of unreality and fear of dying.

There are many types of phobias. We are going to mention only some of them which are very common. The first one is social phobias which is the fear of social situations. The second one is agoraphobia which is the fear of being trapped in an inescapable place or situation. The third type of phobia is a specific phobia which comes from the fear of a specific object such as snakes, or spiders. Some people also fears from natural environment like lightning and storm. A great deal of people fear of blood, injections, doctor, etc. This kind of phobia is named medical phobia.

Phobias are actually quite common, affecting more than 10% of the adults. Phobias are the most common mental disorder for human, but far more women than men are affected by phobias. In many cases, people are able to recognize that their fear is irrational and therefore take steps to overcome their phobia. According to the researches only about 10 percent of reported cases become life-long pho-bias.

Psychiatrists are uncertain exactly what causes phobias. But certain factors increase the phobia. These factors include genetics. For example, twins who are raised separately, in different places, may have the same phobia.

Culture is also an important factor. Some phobias occur only in certain cul-tural groups. An example is taijin kyofusho, a social phobia that we can see only in Japan. This is a fear of offending or harming others in social situations. Culture also plays some role in phobia development.

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Many phobias are based in real-life events that may or may not be consciously remembered. A phobia of dogs may come from being attacked as a small child. A social phobia may develop from teenage awkwardness or childhood bullying.

It is likely that a combination of these factors must be in place for a phobia to develop. However, more research is necessary before a definitive conclusion can be reached.

Unknown words: (Bilinmeyen kelimeler)

psychiatrist : psikiyatrist

phobia : korku

irrational : mantıksız

excessive : aşırı

recognize : tanımak

case : durum

involve : içermek

sense : duyu

endangerment : tehlike

fear : korku

harm : zarar

symptom : belirti

exposure : maruz kalma

dizziness : baş dönmesi

breathlessness : nefes darlığı

nausea : bulantı

trapped : tuzağa düşmüş

inescapable : kaçınılamaz

lighting : yıldırım

affecting : etkileme

disorder : düzensizlik

research : araştırma

life-long : hayat boyu


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twin : ikiz

raise : artmak, yükselmek

separately : ayrı ayrı

offending : incitici

consciously : bilinçli olarak

awkwardness : beceriksizlik

bullying : zorbalık

1. Parçaya göre doğru olan kelimeyi işaretleyiniz.

1. According to the psychiatrists, a phobia is a rational / an irrational and ex-cessive fear of an object or situation.

2. Phobic symptoms can occur / disappear through exposure to the fear ob-ject or situation

3. The fear of spiders / blood is defined as medical phobia.

4. Researchers are certain / uncertain exactly what causes phobias.

5. Research has / hasn’t shown that certain phobias may run in families.

2. Parçayı okuyunuz ve cümlelerdeki boşlukları parçada geçen uygun keli-melerle doldurunuz.

1. Social phobias is the fear of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . is the fear of being trapped in an ines-capable place or situation.

3. It is commonly believed that . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . may increase the likelihood that a phobia will develop.

4. Many phobias are based in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . events.

5. It is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . that culture plays role in phobia development.

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3. Metni okuyunuz ve soruları cevaplandırınız.

1. What is a phobia?

2. When can phobic symptoms occur?

3. Are there many types of phobias?

4. Are phobias quite common?

5. Is culture an important factor for phobias?


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PART TWO

Future Continuous Tense Future Continuous Tense, gelecekte belli bir zamanda bir işin yapılıyor olaca-

ğını ifade etmek için kullanılır.

Olumlu

I / You / We / TheyHe / She / It

will be verb-ingI will be studying lesson.(Ders çalışıyor olacağım.)

Olumsuz


won’t be verb-ingI won’t be studying lesson.(Ders çalışmıyor olacağım.)

Soru

Will I / you / we / theyhe / she / it

verb-ingWill you be studying lesson?(Ders çalışıyor olacak mısın?)

– I will be waiting for you at the airport.

(Seni havaalanında bekliyor olacağım.)

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– We will still be driving at midnight.

(Gece yarısı hâlâ araba kullanıyor olacağız.)

– I won’t be sleeping at that time, you can call me.

(O saatte uyumuyor olacağım, beni arayabilirsin.)

– We won’t be speaking during the presentation.

(Sunum esnasında konuşmuyor olacağız.)

– What will you be doing when you finish your homework?

(Ödevini bitirdiğinde ne yapıyor olacaksın?)

– I will be watching a documentary on televisin.

(Televizyonda belgesel seyrediyor olacağım.)

– Will he still be sleeping in the afternoon?

(Öğleden sonra hâlâ uyuyor olacak mı?)


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Future Continuous Tense’te kullanılan zaman zarfları aşağıdaki verilmiştir:

– This time next year/month/tomorrow.

(Gelecek yıl/ay/yarın bu sıralar.)

– In a few minutes.

(Birkaç dakika içinde.)

– Soon.

(Yakında.)

4. Boşlukları Future Continuous Tense kullanarak doldurunuz.

1. The children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (watch) TV when we arrive home tonight.

2. He won’t go to the theatre because he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (study) for his exam.

3. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (work) tomorrow because it is Sunday.

4. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do) my homework while you are playing football.

5. Where . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (spend) your next summer holiday?

6. When . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (mend) the homework?

7. Where . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( stay) in Germany?

8. I wonder what we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (do) there.

9. Where do you think you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (live) in ten years ?

10. He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (work) as a policeman.

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Future Perfect Tense

Gelecekte belli bir zamanda yapmış olacağımız işleri anlatmak için kullanılır. Yani o zaman geldiğinde o iş bitmiş olacaktır.

– By the time we get there, they will have finished the meeting.

(Biz oraya vardığımızda onlar toplantıyı bitirmiş olacaklar.)

– By the time you read this letter, I won’t be here anymore. I will have gone far away.

(Siz bu mektubu okuduğunuzda ben burada olmayacağım. Çok uzaklara gitmiş olacağım.)

– I will have competed writing my new book by the end of this summer.

(Yeni kitabımı bu yazın sonunda bitirmiş olacağım.)

Olumlu


will have verb 3

I will have finished my homework.

(Ev ödevimi bitirmiş olacağım.)

Olumsuz


will not have(won’t have)

verb 3

I won’t have finished my homework.

(Ev ödevimi bitirmemiş olacağım.)

Soru

Will I / You / We / They have verb 3He / She / It

Will you have finished your homework?

(Ev ödevimi bitirmiş olacak mısın?)


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– He will have washed the car by the time you arrive.

(Sen vardığında arabayı yıkamış olacak.)

– The police will have arrested the burglar by the time I go there.

(Oraya gittiğimde polis hırsızı tutuklamış olacak.)

– We won’t have moved to America next summer.

(Gelecek yaz Amerika’ya taşınmamış olacağız.)

– We won’t have arrived there before noon.

(Gece yarısından önce oraya ulaşmış olmayacağız.)

– Will you have finished doing your homework when I arrive home?

(Eve vardığımda ödevini bitirmiş olacak mısın?)

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– Will this jacket be old fashined by next summer.

(Gelecek yaz bu ceketin modası geçmiş olacak mı?)

5. Aşağıdaki boşlukları Future Perfect Tense kullanarak doldurunuz.

1. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (send) the e-mail by tomorrow morning.

2. The holiday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (f inish) by tomor-row.

3. Ayla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (make) the cake by the time we arrive home.

4. They . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (build) the 8.dam by 2023.

5. Next week, all my exams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (finish) so I will get a deep breathe.

6. We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) out. We will stay at home.

7. Will you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (f inish) university next year?

8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . your cousin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (got) married by the next month?

9. Emre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (repair) his motorbike by four o ‘clock.

10. We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (write) the report by tomor-row.

6. Aşağıdaki boşlukları “Future Continuous Tense” ya da “Future Perfect Tense” kullanarak doldurunuz.

1. Don’t come early in the morning, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (sleep).

2. You can come in the afternoon, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .


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(finish) working.

3. I think we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (live) in the same city in the future?

4. I’m visiting Egypt at the moment, at the end of my trip I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (travel) more than 3000 km.

5. By the time he comes we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (finish) the meeting.

6. Don’t phone at 9 o’clock. We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( watch ) “ Who Wants to be a Millionaire.”

7. Don’t phone grandma now, she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (sleep).

8. I promise I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (do) all my homework by the weekend.

9. This time next month she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( have) holiday in İzmir .

10. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (be) married for ten years by Octo-ber 25th.

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UNIT ONE (TEST)

1. She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the pyramids by the end of next year.

A) will visits B) are visit C) will have visited D) visit

2. Can you tell me how much I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for this painting when I finish it?

A) got B) gets C) is get D) will get

3. It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . probably . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . when I reach New York.

A) will/ be raining B) is/raining C) do/rain D) be/raining

4. My mother . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . cleaning the house by 6 o’clock.

A) will has finish B) will have finished C) will finishes D) does finish

5. She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . this with her mother tonight.

A) is discussed B) will discussed C) will have discussed D) discussing


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6. This time tomorrow he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to South America.

A) fly B) will flied C) flied D) will be flying

7. He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . his suitcase by tomorrow.

A) will have packed B) packing C) pack D) packed

8. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the letter by tomorrow.

A) send B) sending C) will have sent D) sends

9. We. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to the disco on Saturday.

A) goes B) will be going C) going D) go

10. By 2015 We. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . married for 19 years .

A) is B) been C) be D) will have been

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11. Ali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a film when I arrive tonight.

A) is watch

B) watched

C) will be watching

D) watch

12. When I come to school, the students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for me.

A) will be waiting

B) wait

C) waits

D) waited

13. We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .dinner by the time you join us.

A) eat

B) will eating

C) will be eating

D) is eat

14. She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . when you telephone her.

A) sleeping

B) sleep

C) will be sleeping

D) is sleep

15. He . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in my office when you arrive.

A) is works

B) will be working

C) will working

D) work


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16. In September, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . from the university.

A) will graduated B) is graduate C) graduate D) will have graduated

17. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for four hours by the time arrive home.

A) will be working B) will working C) will be worked D) will been working

18. Tomorrow at nine I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a test.

A) will solving B) is solve C) will have solving D) will be solving

19. Next year we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a new house.

A) have bought B) will have bought C) will be bought D) will buys

20. I am afraid but I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the project on time as I promised.

A) is finish B) finishing C) won’t have finished D) finish

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21. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English by the end of this year.

A) will have learnt B) will have learns C) will learning D) will has learnt

22. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the weekly reports before you go on holiday?

A) Will/completed B) Will/completes C) Will/ have completed D) Will/completing

23. We will be tired when we arrive. We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for a long time.

A) is sleep B) sleeping C) won’t have slept D) sleep

24. Mary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . at home when you arrive.

A) sleeps B) won’t be sleeping C) was sleep D) is slept

25. How many women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by the time the police catch him?

A) will/hurting B) is/hurt C) are/hurt D) will/have hurt

UNIT TWO

HABBITS

(ALIŞKANLIKLAR)

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1. Dünyanın değişik yerlerindeki uyku alışkanlıkları ile ilgili bir okuma parçasını okuyup anlayabilecek, konu ile ilgili soruları cevaplandırabilecek,

2. Şart cümleciklerini öğreneceksiniz.







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PART ONE

Nap (Öğle Uykusu)

Do you often have a nap? When is the last time you took a nap? Is nap “a sies-ta” as the Mexican says or is it “a kalule” as the Muslims says or is it just a part of your culture? Do you think naps are just for babies and very old people? Many people in the United States think naps are a waste of time. Recently, companies are seeing the benefits of a short afternoon nap.

In Muslim countries people take nap as it is a “sunnah” of the last prophet Mo-hammed (PBUH). Muslims take “kalule” because it is “sunnah”. Recent researches has shown that after a short nap, people wake up feeling more energetic so a short nap is beneficial for health. People who take a nap feel more alert and ready to go back to work. In Arabian countries, Spain and Latin America, most businesses close for a couple of hours in the afternoon. Workers go home for lunch and have a nap. In the late afternoon, they return to their jobs. But in most countries, an afternoon nap is very unusual. In the European countries and in the United States most people work 8 or 9 hours a day with a lunch break and one or two short coffee breaks. If you are sleepy in the afternoon, have another cup of coffee!

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Generally, naps are not acceptable in today’s work life. Most adults are getting much less sleep than they need. The average adult needs 9 hours of sleep per night. However, most adults get 6 or 7 hours of sleep. Scientists report that most people have less energy in the afternoon. During this time, workers and students think less clearly and get less done. The problem is even worse for workers who don’t get enough sleep.

Researches show that after a 30-45 minutes nap, workers feel more awake, more willing, and are better at solving problems. May be this is the reason why Prophet Mohammed (PBUH) advised Muslims to take a nap in the afternoon. Man-agers say that after a nap, workers work more effectively in less time. Napping is not unusual for some employees, including airline pilots, truckers, firefighters, and factory workers.

Some major companies are taking napping seriously. They see naps as a good idea, not a waste of company time. After a nap, employees are more productive. These companies are offering breaks for naps. Some companies even have nap rooms. In the future, a nap break may be as common as a coffee break. But until then, it’s still not a good idea to get caught “sleeping on the job.”

Unknown Words (Bilinmeyen Kelimeler)

nap : şekerleme, kısa uyku

Muslim : Müslüman

waste of time : zaman kaybı

recently : son zamanlarda

companies : şirketler

benefits : faydalar

prophet : peygamber

energetic : enerjik

beneficial : yararlı

alert : alarm vermek, uyarmak

business : iş

unusual : olağandışı

lunch break : öğle tatili, öğle arası

acceptable : kabul edilebilir


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adults : yetişkinler

average : ortalama

scientist : bilim adamları

worse : kötü

research : araştırma

awake : uyanık

willing : istekli

manager : yönetici

effectively : etkin biçimde

employees : çalışanlar

trucker : kamyoncu

firefighters : itfaiyeciler

productive : üretken

1. Doğru olan kelimeyi işaretleyiniz.

1. Many people in the United States think naps are / aren’t a waste of time.

2. Companies are seeing the harms / benefits of a short afternoon nap.

3. After a short nap, people sleep / wake up feeling more energetic.

4. Naps are / are not acceptable in today’s work life.

5. After a nap, employees are more productive / less productive.


1. In Arabian countries, Spain and Latin America, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . close for a couple of hours in the afternoon.

2. In the European countries and in the United States most people work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with a lunch break and one or two short coffee breaks.

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3. Most adults are getting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . than they need.

4. Managers say that after a nap, workers work more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . less time.

5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . even have nap rooms.

3. Sorular parçaya göre cevaplandırınız.

1. Do people who a take nap feel more alert?

2. Is an afternoon nap usual in most countries?

3. How do people feel after a 30-45 minutes nap?

4. Is napping unusual for pilots?

5. May a nap break be common in the future?


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PART TWO

Conditional Sentences (Şart Cümleleri) Şart cümleleri iki cümlecikten oluşur. Birinci cümle “if” (eğer) kelimesiyle baş-

layan cümleciktir ki buna “if clause” yani şart cümleciği denir. Diğer cümlecik ise bi-rinci cümlecikten yani if cümleciğinden etkilenen cümledir. Buna ise “main clause” yani ana cümlecik denir.

Bir olayın olmasının başka bir olaya bağlı olması durumunda şart cümleleri kullanılır.

Cümleye “if” li ifadeyle de başlasak, ana cümle ile de başlasak anlamda bir de-ğişiklik olmaz. Ancak cümleye “if” ile başlarsak bu cümleden sonra virgül kullanma-mız gerekir.

If kelimesinin Türkçe karşılğı “(eğer ), (şayet), veya (…se), (…sa)” şeklindedir.

Şart cümleciklerinde 3. tekil şahıslarda (he,she,it) için “was” yerine “were” kullanılır.

Şart Cümleciklerini dört grupta inceleyebiliriz:

Type “0”Genel doğrulardan bahsederken kullanılır. Bu tip şart bildirmekten çok, se-

bep-sonuç ifadesi bildirir.

If + Simple Present, Simple Present

– If you heat the iron, it expands.

(Eğer demiri ısıtırsan genişler.)

– If you heat ice, it melts.

(Eğer buzu ısıtırsan erir.)

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– If you boil water, it eva-porates.

(Eğer suyu kaynatırsan buharlaşır.)

– If you go round the world, you reach to the same point.

(Eğer dünyanın etrafında yürürsen aynı noktaya ulaşırsın.)

Emirler ve tavsiye için de type “0” kullanılabilir.

– If you have problems, talk to your mother.

(Eğer problemlerin varsa annenle konuş.)

– Don”t wait for us if we are late.

(Eğer geç kalırsak bizi bekleme.)

– Don’t get angry if someone shouts at you.

(Eğer biri sana bağırırsa sinirlenme.)

– If you feel sick, see the doctor. (tavsiye)

(Eğer hasta hissediyorsan doktora görün.)

– Stop smoking and take up a sport if you want to keep fit. (tavsiye)

(Formda kalmak istiyorsan sigarayı bırak ve spor yap.)


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4. Aşağıdaki boşlukları “If clause type 0” kullanarak doldurunuz.

1. Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (freeze) if the temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (fall) below zero.

2. The clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not work) if the battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (be) flat.

3. If the camera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (be) on, a green light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (appear).

4. If a balloon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (be) filled with hot air, it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (rise).

5. If water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (boil), it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (change) into steam.

6. If you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (have) a headache, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (take) an aspirin.

7. If you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (be) ill, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) to the doctor.

8. If it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (rain), the grass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (get) wet.

9. If you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not eat) for too long, you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(die).

10. If ice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (drop) in water, it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (float).

Type “1”

Type 1, konuşma anında ya da gelecekte gerçekleşme ihtimali yüksek bir olayı ifade etmek için kullanılır. “If clause” ile gerçekleşme ihtimali olan bir koşul verilir. Bu koşul gerçekleşirse, ana cümlecikteki “sonuç” eylem de gerçekleşmiş olacaktır.Bu tipte Present ve Future Tenseler kullanılır.

If + Simple Present Tense, Simple Future Tense

Gelecekte olması muhtemel, mümkün olayları anlatır.

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– If I go to İstanbul, I will visit Sultan Ahmet Mosque.

(Eğer İstanbul gidersem Sultan Ahmet Camisi’ni ziyaret edeceğim.)

– If you do exercise, you won’t get fat.

(Eğer egzersiz yaparsan kilo almazsın.)

– If you come early, I will make you a cake.

(Eğer erken gelirsen sana kek yapacağım.)

– If they come tomorrow, we will go on a picnic.

(Eğer yarın gelirlerse pikniğe gideceğiz.)

– If you work harder, you will be successful.

(Eğer daha çok çalışırsan başarılı olursun.)


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5. Aşağıdaki boşlukları “if clause type 1” kullanarak doldurunuz.

1. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (be) happy, if you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (visit) me.

2. The teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (get) angry if I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (for-get) to do my homework.

3. If I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) home late, my dad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (get) angry with me.

4. If you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (study) hard, you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (pass) the exam.

5. If you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (miss) the train, you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (have) to take the bus.

6. If Ayşe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (find) her cat, she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (take) it back home.

7. We will . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) swimming if the sun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (shine).

8. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( help) you if you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (be) in need.

9. You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (get) good marks if you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (work) regularly.

10. If it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (rain) tomorrow, we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( stay) at home.

Type “2”

If + Simple Past Tense, would verb 1/could verb 1/might verb 1

Type 2, gerçekleşme ihtimali çok zayıf olan veya hiç olmayan, gerçekleşmemiş olaylar için kullanılır. Type “2” mana olarak geniş zamanda olmasına rağmen, Simple Past Tense ile kullanılır. Ana cümlecik, olmayan bir koşuldan etkilendiği için “hayalî” durumdadır; bu yüzden de “would” ile kurulur. Bu tip genellikle dilek ve temennileri ifade etmek için kullanılır.

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– If I lived by the sea, I would go fishing.

(Eğer deniz kenarında ya-şasaydım balık tutmaya gi-derdim.)

– If I had enough money, I would buy a new car.

(Eğer yeterli param olsaydı yeni bir araba alırdım.)

– If I were a rich, I would help the poor.

(Eğer zengin olsam fakirlere yardım ederim.)

Bu tip “if clause” tavsiye de bulunmak için de kullanılabilir.

“If I were you.....”, yani “senin yerinde olsam......” anlamına gelir.

– If I were you, I wouldn’t wait for her any more.

(Senin yerinde olsam onu daha fazla beklemezdim.)

– If I were you, I would give up that job this immediately.

(Senin yerinde olsam bu işi hemen bırakırım.)


1. If we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (have) a yacht, we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (sail) all around the world.


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2. If I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (be) younger, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ( learn) karate.

3. If we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (told) this to the teacher, he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (get) very angry.

4. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (buy) a new car if I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (have) enough money.

5. If she ………………… (have) a mobile phone, she ………………… (phone) all her friends.

6. The engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not start) if I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not repair) it.

7. If I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (have) a lot of money, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not stay) in this city.

8. If I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (feel) better, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) to the theatre with you.

9. You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not suffer) so much if you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) to a doctor.

10. If I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (have) money, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (lend) it you.

Type “3”

If + Past Perfect Tense, would have verb 3

Type 3, gerçekleşmemiş olan bir olayı anlatır yani geçmişten bahseder “Eğer gerçekleşmiş olsaydı.” şeklinde bir anlam ifade eder. Bu yapıda “if clause” Past Perfect ile, ana cümlecik ise “would + Past Perfect” kullanılarak yapılır.

– If he hadn’t smoked, he wouldn’t have been so ill.

(Eğer sigara içmeseydi bu kadar hasta olmazdı.)

– If it had rained, we wouldn’t have gone to the stadium.

(Eğer yağmur yağsaydı stadyuma gitmezdik.)

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– If the weather had been nice, we would have played in the park.

(Eğer hava iyi olsaydı parkta oynayacaktık.)

– If we had found a better cook, we would have eaten good meals.

(Eğer daha iyi bir aşçı bulabilseydik daha iyi yemekler yerdik.)

– If we had taken a taxi, we would have arrived there on time.

(Eğer taksi ye binseydik oraya zamanında varırdık.)


1. If you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (eat) less chocolate, you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (be) healthier.

2. If we ………………….. (practice), we …………………………..(win) the mach.

3. If the referee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (see) the foul, he would have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (give) a penalty.


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4. If it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not start) to rain, we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (walk) together on the beach.

5. If we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go) to the cinema, we . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (see) the film.

6. If you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (take) a taxi, you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (arrive) on time to the meeting.

7. Linda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not hurt) her foot if she . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not fall) from the stairs.

8. If it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (be) warmer, we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (sit) in the garden.

9. If you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (tell) me the way correctly, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not arrive) so late.

10. If it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not rain) all the weekend, we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (go ) trekking.

8. Aşağıdaki boşlukları “if clause type 0,1,2 ya da” kullanarak doldurunuz.

1. If I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (be) stronger, I’d help you carry the piano.

2. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (travel) abroad if I find a cheap flight.

3. If I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (see) you, I would have said hello.

4. If you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (drop) the plate, it will break.

5. If she. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (study), she would not have passed the exam.

6. I would have come to your wedding ceremony if I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (not be) on holiday.

7. I would go to work by car if I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (have) a driving license.

8. If we. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (watch) the news, we would have heard it.

9. I will earn a lot of money if I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (get) that job.

10. If you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (heat) metal it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (expand).

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UNIT TWO (TEST)

1. If they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . carefully, they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the woodpecker.

A) listen/might hear B) listening/hear C) listened/ might hear D) listens/hear

2. If I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . down on the sofa, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . asleep.

A) had lain/ would have fallen B) lain/have fall C) lained/will fall D) lains/fallen

3. Sinan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . as a policeman if he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . taller.

A) works/be B) worked/was C) will work/been D) could have worked/ had been

4. If the cat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the tree, the dog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it.

A) hides/will not find B) hiding/find C) hides/would find D) hide/found

5. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the problem if I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . their textbooks.

A) could have solved/ had used B) have solved/ had used C) solved/ had used D) will solve/uses


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6. I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the newspaper if you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . one.

A) read/bought B) would have read/buys C) would read/ bought D) will read/bought

7. My brother . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the school orchestra if he. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the drum every day.

A) had play/practise B) could play/ practised C) plays/will practise D) played/practiced

8. If you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . more words, you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .a good report.

A) learned/ have written B) had learned/ would have written C) learn/ would have written D) will learned/ have written

9. If the teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the homework better, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it.

A) had explained/ solves B) explains/ solving C) explained/ had solved D) had explained/ would have solved

10. If you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . for another 10 minutes, you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .the prime minister.

A) waited/ have seen B) had wait/ would have seen C) had waited/ would have seen D) waits/ see

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11. If the police . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . earlier to the crime place they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the criminal.

A) come/arrest B) comes/arrest C) had come/ would have arrested D) coming/arrests

12. If you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . fresh vegetable, the meal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .better.

A) bought/ have tasted B) had bought/ would have tasted C) buy/ will have tasted D) bought/ has tasted

13. If you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . me, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the documents.

A) called/ helped B) call/will have helped C) called/would helping D) had called/would have helped

14. If you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . more slowly, Peggy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . you.

A) had spoken /would have understood B) speaks /would have understand C) spoke /would understood D) speak/understands

15. If I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . home earlier, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dinner.

A) came/ prepare B) came/ would prepare C) will came/ would prepare D) do came/ prepare


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16. If it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , Nina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . an umbrella with her.

A) rain/ take B) rain/ will take C) rained/ would take D) rained/ will take

17. If I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in Antalya, I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to swim every day.

A) live/ would go B) live/ would went C) live/ will goes D) lived/ would go

18. If you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . older, you. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in our hockey team.

A) are/play B) were/ would play C) do/played D) were/had been plays

19. If Ali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . his car, he . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a new motorbike.

A) sold/would buy B) sell/will bought C) sell/had bought D) will sell/buy

20. We . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to the meeting if it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . so late

A) had come/had started B) will come/started C) would come/ didn’t start D) comes/started

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21. If they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . old enough, they . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . with us.

A) are/comes B) were/will come C) is/come D) were/ could come

22. If you. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ice, it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

A) had heaten/melts B) heat/melts C) heat/will melt D) will heat/melted

23. If we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . these cans, we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . money.

A) recycled/ could earn B) recycle/earn C) recycle/will earned D) will recycle/ earn

24. You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the school team if you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . better.

A) would be/ plays B) would / played C) will be/ played D) would be/ played

25. If it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , we . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . skiing.

A) snow/go B) snows/goes C) snowed/ could go D) is snow/going

UNIT THREE

SECURITY

(GÜVENLİK)

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1. Kredi kartları ve güvenlik ile ilgili bir okuma parçası okuyup anlayabilecek, konu ile ilgili soruları cevaplandırabilecek,

2. Zarf cümlecikleriyle cümleler kurabileceksiniz.







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PART ONE

Credit Cards (Kredi Kartları)

Credit cards have become an important part of today’s life. We all use credit cards to make our lives easier. Credit cards give us extra buy-ing power when we need it. It allows reserving plane tickets, hotel rooms, rent cars etc. Credit cards make busi-ness or shopping transactions much easier. Also by using a credit card you will often find that your goods are likely to be protected if over a certain value. Also by having a credit card you don’t have to carry large amounts of cash around with you that can easily be lost or stolen.

Shopping online has become common for many people. It’s easier as you can do it at any time of the day anywhere if you want. You can usually get things for less money by purchasing goods online.

In theory, credit cards are designed to help us, but they can also hurt us. They can help us to buy anything we want, but they can also lead us down a path to-wards financial slavery.

Having a credit card can save you money when used properly. Using a credit card is also safe. If your wallet is stolen, don’t worry one quick phone call to your card issuer can cancel your cards and stop them from being used.

Many people complaint that the credit cards take them into debt. But the fact is they get themselves into debt by not using the credit card responsibly. Try to know the benefits that your credit card offers and take their advantage.

Credit cards can make life easier and be a great tool, but if they aren’t used wisely they can become a huge financial burden. If you decide to use credit cards, remember these simple rules: Keep track of all your purchases. Don’t spend outside your budget. Pay off your balance on all of your credit cards at the end of each month. Don’t loan your credit or give out your credit card information to anyone but reliable companies.

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easier : daha kolayextra : ek,ilavebuying power : satın alma gücüreserve : ayırtmakrent : kiralamakbusiness : iş, işletmetransaction : hareketprotect : korumakvalue : değeramounts : meblağcash : nakitlost : kayıpstolen : çalınmışcommon : alışılmış, sıradanpurchasing : satın almafinancial slavery : finansal kölelikproperly : düzenlisafe : güvenlicard issuer : kartı verencancel : iptalcomplaint : şikâyetdebt : borçresponsibly : sorumlu olarakbenefits : faydalaradvantage : avantajlarwisely : akıllıcahuge : çok büyük, devasafinancial burden : mali yüktrack : izlemekbudget : bütçeloan : borçreliable : güvenilircompanies : şirketler


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1. Credit cards have become an unimportant / important part of today’s life.

2. Credit cards give us the extra / less buying power when we need it.

3. By having a credit card you have to / don’t have to carry large amounts of cash around with you.

4. Having a credit card can spend / save you money when used properly.

5. If credit cards aren’t used wisely they can become a small / huge financial burden.


1. Credit cards give us extra buying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . when we need it.

2. You can usually get things for less money by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . goods online.

3. In theory, credit cards are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to help us.

4. Pay off your . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . on all of your credit cards at the end of each month.

5. Don’t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . your credit or give out your credit card in-formation to anyone.

3. Sorular parçaya göre cevaplandırınız.

1. What has become an important part of our daily life?

2. How can you get things for less money?

3. Is using credit card safe?

4. Can you cancel your cards if they are stolen?

5. What happens when credit cards aren’t used wisely?

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PART TWO

Adverbial Clauses (Zarf Cümlecikleri)Fiilleri tarz, neden, yer, zaman, koşul, amaç, sonuç gibi ögelerle destekleyen

cümleciklere zarf cümlecikleri denir. Zarf cümlecikleri cümleyi niteler ve zarf göre-vinde bulunur. Zarf cümlecikleri kullanıldıkları yere ve üstlendikleri göreve göre farklı zarflarla ve farklı yapılarda kurulur. Zarf cümlecikleri cümlenin başına ya da sonuna gelebilir. Yan cümlecik başa yerleştirildiğinde ana cümleden virgülle ayrılır.

Adverbial Clauses of Time (Zaman Belirten Zarf Cümlecikleri)

İki cümle arasındaki zaman ilişkisini belirtir.

“When, while, as soon as, by the time, after, whenever, before, as long as, until, as, since”

– When he came, we were eating dinner. (O geldiğinde biz akşam yemeği yiyorduk.)

– While I was cleaning the house, the children were playing in the garden. (Ben evi temizlerken, çocuklar bahçede oyun oynuyorlardı.)


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– I phoned him as soon as I finished my work.

(İşimi bitirir bitirmez onu aradım.)

– By the time he came, it was midnight.

(O geldiğinde gece yarısı idi.)

– You can ride your bicycle out after you help me.

(Bana yardım ettikten sonra bisiklet sürebilirsin.)

– Whenever I see him, I feel happy.

(Onu her ne zaman görsem kendimi mutlu hissediyorum.)

– Before you get on your car check your tires.

(Arabana binmeden önce tekerleri kontrol et.)

– He will be successful as long as he studies regularly.

(Düzenli çalıştığı sürece başarılı olur.)

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– You can’t go out until you finish your homework.

(Ödevini bitirene kadar dışarı çıkamazsın.)

– Since he left home, nobody has heard from him.

(O evi terk ettiğinden beri kimse ondan haber alamadı.)

– You can’t go there by yourself as you are too young.

(Çok genç olduğun için oraya tek başına gidemezsin.)

4. Aşağıdaki cümlelerdeki boşlukları içindeki uygun kelimeler ile dolduru-

nuz.

1. I will give you this compass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (as / so that) you can find your way in the forest.

2. We keep our vegetables in the fridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (in order to / so that) it doesn’t go bad.

3. Emin is going to an English course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (so that / in or-der to) learn English.

4. I have to wake up early . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (since / after) I won’t miss bus.


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5. Elif is putting on thick clothes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (because / in order to) she catches a cold.

6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Since / While) he was interested in books, Ayhan went to the library regularly.

7. I will phone you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (as soon as / until) I arrive there.

8. Students go to school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (whenever / in order to) learn new things.

9. Metin joined the music club . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (because / while) he wanted to play the guitar.

10. The film was boring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (because / so) some of us got bored and went out.

Adverbial Clauses of Reason (Neden Bildiren Zarf Cümlecikleri)

İki cümle birbirine neden-sonuç anlamıyla bağlanır.

“because, since, as, for, due to the fact that”

– Because she was young, she was very active.

(Genç olduğu için çok aktifti.)

– Since it is late, you cannot go out.

(Geç olduğu için dışarı çıkamazsın.)

– She came late because she overslept.

(Geç geldi çünkü uyuyakaldı.)

– You can’t go out since it is dangerous at nights.

(Geceleri tehlikeli olduğu için dışarı çıkamazsın.)

– He must study, for it is her last chance.

(Son şansı olduğu için çalışması gerekir.)

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– Due to the fact that he is jobless, he needs financial support from his family.

(İşsiz olduğu için ailesinin maddi desteğine ihtiyacı var.)

5. Aşağıdaki cümlelerdeki boşlukları parantez içindeki uygun kelimeler ile doldurunuz.

1. Meliha went shopping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (in order to / so) buy a pres-ent for his husband.

2. Zeynep went to the market . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (because / while) she wanted to buy some sugar.

3. It surprised us that Mine got a high mark from the exam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (since / as soon as) she was a hardworking student.

4. Mehmet got a present from his teacher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (because /so that) he behaved good.

5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Due to the fact that / To) Tom is innocent, he was not arrested by the police.

6. The fat lady is taking exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (because / in order to) she wants to lose weight.

7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Since / Until) I have not seen him, I will phone him.

8. We listened . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (for/ as soon as) he told very interest-ing things.

9. I did not buy it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (because / so) it was too expensive.

10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Because / Where) I spent all my money, I had to walk home.

Yer Belirten Zarf Cümlecikleri

Yer belirten zarf cümlecikleri “where, wherever, as . . . . . . . . . . . . . as” gibi yer ifade-leri kullanılarak kurulur.

– I have put the keys where nobody can find them.

(Anahtarları kimsenin bulamayacağı bir yere koydum.)


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– Don’t move! Stay where you are! I will bring help.

(Hareket etme! Olduğun yerde kal! Yardım çağıracağım.)– He cannot go wherever he wants.

(O istediği her yere gidemez.)

– I will run as fast as I can.

(Koşabildiğim kadar hızlı koşacağım.)

– We found the bicycle where I forgot it.

(Bisikleti unuttuğum yerde bulduk.)

– You should stand as near as you can.

(Olabildiğiniz kadar yakında durmalısınız.)

– I will catch you wherever you escape.

(Nereye kaçarsan kaç seni yakalarım.)

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4. Aşağıdaki cümlelerdeki boşlukları, parantez içindeki uygun kelimeler ile doldurunuz.

1. Put the key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (where / because) you can find it easily again.

2. He let his son . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (wherever / why) he wanted to go.

3. Let’s go to . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (where / until) they are waiting for us.

4. Don’t move it. It can stay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (where / in order to) it is.

5. If you are jobless you have to go . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (where / to) you can find a job.

6. Don’t forget to park your car . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (as near as / in order to) the pavement you can.

7. The dog follows her . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (wherever/in order to) she goes.

8. I try to visit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (wherever/why) I can.

9. You don’t need to take your son with you . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (wher-ever/in order to) you go.

10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Wherever/For) you hide, the police will find and arrest you because you are guilty.


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UNIT THREE (TEST)

1. Metin joined to army . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . he wanted to do his military sevice.

A) at B) since C) just D) already

2. The lesson was boring ………………. some of the students began to fall asleep.

A) why B) to C) at D) so

3. He couldn’t pass the class ………………. he didn’t study his lesson.

A) because B) as soon as C) so D) while

4. ………………………… I was a teenager; I enjoyed camping in the forest.

A) When B) So C) Whenever D) To

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5. …………………… they were feeding the birds in the park, the children were watching them.

A) In order to B) To C) So D) While

6. Ann ate an apple …………………she was hungry.

A) why

B) to

C) as

D) in

7. Take your umbrella …………………you won’t get wet in the rain.

A) as soon as

B) so that

C) because

D) until

8. The room was dark …………… we turned on the lamp.

A) in order to

B) as soon as

C) so

D) until

9. ……………….she was good at maths, she was enrolled to an advanced class.

A) Before

B) Until

C) When

D) Since


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10. I saw Tom ………………….he was getting off the bus.

A) as

B) to

C) in order to

D) so

11. . ………………………… that I live on my own, I have to cook my own food.

A) Because

B) Since

C) Due to the fact

D) For

12. I found my umbrella ………………….I had left it.

A) why

B) where

C) so

D) to

13. I’m studying hard …………………. I want to pass my exam.

A) to

B) as hard as

C) in order to

D) because

14. Sit ……………….. you like.

A) for

B) wherever

C) since

D) by

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15. We would like to live in a place ………………it never rains.

A) where

B) why

C) in order to

D) after

16. I did it ……………………………..my father wanted me to do it.

A) to

B) as soon

C) because

D) why

17. …………………………we have no money, we can’t buy the car.

A) Since

B) Why

C) So

D) To

18. …………………….she was 13, she had already achieved worlwide fame.

A) By the time

B) Whenever

C) To

D) In order to

19. I read ……………………..I like reading.

A) to

B) why

C) before

D) because


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20. I feel sad………………… I remember my grandfather.

D) why

B) to

C) whenever

D) in order to

21. All the students rushed out of the school ……………………..the bell rang.

A) to B) while C) as soon as D) so

22. You may visit us ………………………..you come to Istanbul.

A) where

B) for

C) as near as

D) whenever

23. I washed the dishes ……………….. I ate my meal.

A) to

B) after

C) when

D) as long as

24. He will let us know ………………. he decides.

A) as soon as

B) due to the fact

C) so

D) because

25. I have put the keys ………………. nobody can find them.

A) where B) why C) so D) to

UNIT FOUR

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

(BİLİM VE TEKNOLOJİ)

66




1. Bilgisayar ve internet ile ilgili bir okuma parçasını okuyup anlayabilecek, konu ile ilgili soruları cevaplandırabilecek,

2. Edilgen yapıda cümleler kurabileceksiniz.







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PART ONE

Computer and Internet (Bilgisayar ve İnternet)Computer and Internet is

everywhere, and it is loved and used by everyone for everything. Many of us get up in the morn-ing, and before saying hello to anyone or before having break-fast, we sit down, turn on our computer and use the internet. We got our news, receive our mail, do our shopping, and re-view all the knowledge in the universe. Most of us do it while we are sitting in a chair looking at the screen. Could life be any better and easier?

The 21th century is the age of improvements. Mankind made many inventions and developments in this century. Of course there were many developments made earlier but there are some developments which we even can’t imagine. Among oth-ers there is an invention that changed our lives completely; computers. Personal computers began to be a part of our lives in the 80’s. With the development of tech-nology computers become smaller, cheaper and portable. Later laptops came to our lives. They were portable. We carried them in bags. Now tablet pc’s appeared. They are smaller than laptops. They can even be carried in your pocket.

The history of the computer goes to 1940’s. The first computer ENIAC (Elec-tronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) was so big that you can’t imagine. It weight 30 tones. It was 167 square meters big. ENIAC needed 150 thousand watts energy to work. This computer was used first in the population census by Ameri-cans. The name of the computer was Mark-1.

In the year 1964 Douglas Engelbart invented the first mouse. Engelbart’s mouse could only go to one direction. The first today like computer was made in 1977. It had got a monitor and a keyboard. IBM made the first personal home com-puter in 1983. Its name was PX / XT.

Turkey met with computer in 1960. ENIAC was brought to Turkey by the Gen-eral Directorate of Highways. In 1980 professor Abdullah Atalar made a computer by changing a black-white television into a computer screen.

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In 1989, the “world wide web” was presented to the world. Three “w” changed everything in the world. People began to get connected to the world easily by click-ing “www”. The “World Wide Web” also changed the way we trade. Everything be-came easier.

Among the years men have been investigating and developing new things for the benefit of human kind. It is obvious that many investigations will be made in the future which we can’t imagine. Our hope and duty is to use these inventions truly and effectively.


breakfast : kahvaltıreceive : almakshopping : alışverişreview : tekrarknowledge : bilgiuniverse : kainatchair : sandalyebetter : daha iyieasier : daha kolaycentury : yüzyılimprovement : gelişmemankind : insanlık, insanoğluinvention : icat, buluş development : gelişmeimagine : hayal etmekcomputer : bilgisayarportable : taşınabilirpocket : cepneed : ihtiyaçpopulation census : nüfüs sayımıdirection : yönmeet : buluşma


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General Directorate of Highways : Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğüchange : değişmecomputer screen : bilgisayar ekranıpresented : sunulmakconnected : bağlanmaktrade : ticaretinvestigating : araştırmakbenefit : faydaduty : göreveffectively : etkili


1. Computer and internet is loved and used by no one / everyone for every-thing.

2. The 20th century is the year / age of inventions.

3. Computers / automobiles began to be a part of our lives in the 80’s.

4. Engelbart’s mouse could only go to one / two direction(s).

5. The first computer / laptop had got 10 mb capacities.


1. Americans used the computer widely at the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the United States.

2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . met with ENIAC, the first computer in the year 1960.

3. Professor Abdullah Atalar made a computer at Bilkent University by changing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . into a computer screen.

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4. In 1989, the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . was presented to the world.

5. Among the years man is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . new things.

3. Metni okuyunuz ve soruları cevaplandırınız.

1. How big was the first computer?

2. When was the first mouse invented?

3. Who invented the first mouse?

4. When was the first personal computer made?

5. Did the world wide web change the why we trade?


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PART TWO

Passive Voice (Edilgen Çatı)Edilgen yapı cümlede eylemi yapan bilinmiyorsa, eylemi yapan önemsizse

veya eylemi yapan çok belirginse kullanılır.

– People grow the in Rize.

(İnsanlar Rize’de çay ye-tiştirirler.)

Cümlesinde eylemi yapan çok önemli değildir yapılan iş yapan kişi veya kişi-lerden daha önemlidir. Bu yüzden bu cümleyi “Passive” olarak yazmak daha doğru doğru olacaktır.

– Tea is grown in Rize. (Rize’de çay yetiştirilir.)

– Someone broke the vase. (Biri vazoyu kırmış.)

– The window is broken. (Pencere kırık.)

– Ancient Egyptians built the pyramids.

(Eski Mısırlılar piramitleri inşa etti.)

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Bu cümlede yapılan eylem daha önemli olduğu için “Passive Voice” kullanılabi-lir. Yapanları da belirtmek istersek cümlenin sonuna “by ancient Egyptians” getiririz.

– The pyramids were built by the ancient Egypts.

(Piramitler eski Mısırlılar tarafında inşa edildi.)

– They serve breakfast from 8 to10 in this hotel.

(Onlar bu otelde her sabah kahvaltıyı 8’den 10’a kadar servis ederler.)

Bu cümlede kahvaltıyı servis edenlerden ziyade kahvaltının servis edilmesi önemlidir. Bu yüzden cümle edilgen yapıda kullanılması daha doğrudur. Servis eden-ler önemli olmadığı için yazılmazlar. Cümle aşağıdaki gibi edilgen yapıda yazılır:

– Breakfast is served from 8 to 10 every morning in this hotel.

(Bu otelde kahvaltı her sabah 8’den 10’a kadar servis edilir.)

“Active” Cümleyi “Passive” Cümleye Çevirme

“Active” cümlenin nesnesi “passive” cümlenin öznesi konumuna getirilir, “to be” fiili uygun zamana göre yeniden yazılır.(Tabloya bakınız) Fiil 3. hâle getirilir.(Kita-bın sonundaki düzensiz fiil listesine bakınız.) Etken cümlenin öznesi cümle sonuna “by” ile birlikte eklenebilir.

– A stone breaks the glass.

(Bir taş camı kırar.)


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Edilgen cümlede (Passive Voice) ise cümleye nesne ile başlanır.Bu durum nes-nenin özneye göre daha önemli olduğunu ifade eder. Etken cümledeki özne de önemli ise cümle sonunda “by” ile biirlikte kullanılabir.

– The glass is broken by a stone.

(Cam taş ile kırılır.)

– Workers do the cleaning.

(İşçiler temizliği yaparlar.)

– The cleaning is done by the workers.

(Temizlik işçiler tarafından yapılır.)

– Students must wear school uniforms at school.

(Öğrenciler okulda okul üniforması giymek zorundalar.)

– School uniforms must be worn by students at school.

(Öğrenciler tarafından okulda okul üniforması giyilmelidir.)

TENSES ACTIVITE PASSIVE VERB

Present Continuous Tense

am / is / are V1 ing am / is / are being verb 3

Past Continuous Tense was / were V1 ing was / were being verb 3

Simple Present Tense V1 am / is / are verb 3

Simple Past Tense V2 was / were verb 3

Simple Future Tense will V1 will be verb 3

Near future am / is / are going to V1 am / is/ are going to be verb 3

Present perfect tense have / has V3 have / has been verb 3

Past perfect tenses had V3 had been verb 3

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– Ali can buy a car.

(Ali bir araba satın alabilir.)

– A car can be bought by Ali.

(Bir araba Ali tarafından alınabilir.)

“Passive” bir cümleyi olumsuz yapmak istersek “to be” fiilinden sonra “not” getiririz.

– The police couldn’t catch the thief.

(Polis hırsızı yakalayama-dı.)

– The thief couldn’t be ca-ught by the police.

(Hırsız polis tarafından yakalanamadı.)

– Ahmet hasn’t painted the door white. (Ahmet evi beyaza boyamadı.)

– The house hasn’t been painted white by Ahmet. (Ev Ahmet tarafından beyaza boyanmadı.)

must must V1 must be verb 3

can can V1 can be verb 3

may may may be verb 3

should should should be verb 3

could could could be verb 3


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– I haven’t seen such a nice garden before.

(Daha önce böyle güzel bir bahçe görmedim.)

– Such a nice garden hasn’t been seen by me before.

(Daha önce benim tarafımdan böyle güzel bir bahçe görülmedi.)

4. Aşağıdaki cümlelerin “Active Voice” ya da “Passive Voice” olduğunu yazınız.

1. They often listen to the classical music . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2. The car must be cleaned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3. His toys were broken in the garden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4. Mr. Anderson teaches English . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5. The house is being cleaned by the servants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6. Lots of houses were destroyed by the earthquake in 1999 in Gölcük . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

I haven’t seen such a nice garden before.

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7. The food is going to be served at 8, 00 pm ………………………….

8. The children were helped by the police . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9. You should study your lesson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10. Different vegetables were grown by a farmer in the south . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5. Aşağıdaki cümleleri “Passive Voice”a çeviriniz.

1. I have eaten döner.

Döner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by me.

2. She took my bike.

My bike . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by her.

3. Ali is washing the car.

The car . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by Ali.

4. Kerim had seen the thief.

The thief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by Kerim.

5. I was cleaning the house.

The house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by me.

6. We can help her.

She . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by us.

7. Someone had stolen the car.

The car . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by the child.

8. The child has broken the vase.

The vase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by the child.

9. Ayşe cleaned the window.

The window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by Ayşe.


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10. They ate the meal.

The meal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by them.

11. The home team won the game.

The game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by the home team.

12. Rita told me the whole story yesterday.

The whole story . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . me by Rita.

13. My teacher didn’t give me a good mark.

A good mark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . me by the teacher.

14. The publishing house hasn’t published my last book.

My last book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by the publishing house.

15. The gardener watered the flowers.

The flowers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by the gardener.

16. Şule had cleaned her room.

Her room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by Şule.

17. Fatih Sultan Mehmet conquered İstanbul in 1453.

İstanbul . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by Fatih Sultan Mehmet in 1453.

18. Teachers evaluated the papers.

The papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by the teachers.

19. The principle will make the arrangements tomorrow.

The arrangements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tomorrow by the principle.

20. My father takes medicine every day.

Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . by my father every day.

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UNIT FOUR (TEST)

1. All of the food in the kitchen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . eaten.

A) is be B) has been C) have been D) had be

2. The new worker …………………………..to a new neighborhood to work for two months.

A) has sent B) was send C) has been sent D) sending

3. The car ………………………… by the mechanic now.

A) is being repaired B) repair C) repairs D) was repair

4. The movie ………………… by Kerim before.

A) see B) sew C) had been seen D) is saw

5. All the meal …….……. by my brother.

A) are eats B) is eat C) was eaten D) do ate


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6. Another vehicle …………………….. by us.

A) will take B) takes C) is take D) should be taken

7. The money …………….by George.

A) stole B) was stolen C) is steal D) steals

8. The window …………………by the child.

A) is break B) breaks C) break D) was broken

9. Spanish ……………….. in Mexico.

A) is speak B) speaks C) is spoken D) was speak

10. The letter ……………..by the secretary.

A) writes B) was written C) is write D) was writing

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11. My money purse………….. .

A) was stolen B) are stolen C) do steal D) steals

12. The door ……………….. at nine o’clock.

A) are opened B) opens C) opening D) is opened

13. Be careful. You ………………. by him.

A) can be beaten B) can beat C) beats D) beaten

14-18. sorularda verilen cümlelerin “Passive Voice” a çevrilmiş şeklini bu-lunuz.

14. The postman delivers the letters.

A) The letters are delivered by the postman. B) The letters is delivered by the postman. C) The letters was deliver by the postman. D) The letter delivered by the postman.

15. I will mail the letters tomorrow.

A) The letters will be mail tomorrow. B) The letters mailed tomorrow. C) The letters will be mailed tomorrow. D) The letters is mailed tomorrow.


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16. We sold the last computer an hour ago.

A) The last computer were sold an hour ago. B) The last computer was sold an hour ago. C) The last computer selling an hour ago. D) The last computer was selled an hour ago.

17. They watered the flowers.

A) The water is the flowers. B) The flowers is watering. C) The house will water. D) The flowers were watered.

18-25. sorularda verilen cümlelerin “Active Voice” a çevrilmiş şeklini bu-lunuz.

18. The house is being painted now.

A) The house is painted now. B) Paintings are at home. C) Are the painters painting? D) They are painting he house now.

19. The message will be sent in two hours.

A) They send the message in two hours. B) They will sended the message. C) They will send the message in two hours. D) A message is being ready.

20. The ship was damaged by the storm.

A) The storm was damaged by the ship. B) The storm will not behave well. C) The storm damaged the ship. D) The ship is damaged by the storm.

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21. The room was tidied up by my mother.

A) My mother is very kind.B) My mother tidied up the room.C) The room tidied up my room.D) My room needs to be tidied.

22. The dictionary is always used by me.

A) I always use the dictionary.B) I always used to dictionary.C) The dictionary will be used.D) Dictionaries are widely used.

23. Litter mustn’t be dropped in the street.

A) The streets must be dropped.B) You mustn’t drop litter in the street.C) Nobody drops litter in this place.D) Put litters into garbage can.

24. Less money is being spent this year.

A) Less money people spend this year.B) People will spend less money.C) People money less spend this year.D) People are spending less money this year.

25. Five questions were solved by him.

A) They solving five questions so far.B) They questions so far five solving.C) Solving questions are easy.D) He solved five questions so far.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://www.turkeyhealthtourism.org/spa.htm

http://psychology.about.com/od/phobias/p/commonphobias.htm

http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/anxiety-disorders/complete-publi-cation.shtml#pub5

Baygül, İrfan; Sentence Structures in English and Syntax1, Engin Yayınevi, Ankara

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UNIT ONE CEVAP ANAHTARI

Part One 1. Parçaya göre doğru olan kelimeyi

işaretleyiniz. 1. According to the psychiatrists, a

phobia is a rational and excessivefear of an object or situation.

2. Phobic symptoms can occur through exposure to the fear object or situa-tion.

3. The fear of blood is defined as medi-cal phobia.

4. Researchers are uncertain exactlywhat causes phobias.

5. Research has shown that certainphobias may run in families.

2. Parçayı okuyunuz ve cümlelerde-ki boşlukları parçada geçen uygunkelimelerle doldurunuz.

1. Social phobias is the fear of socialsituations.

2. Agoraphobia is the fear of beingtrapped in an inescapable place orsituation.

3. It is commonly believed that certainfactors may increase the likelihoodthat a phobia will develop.

4. Many phobias are based in real-lifeevents.

5. It is possible that culture plays role inphobia development.

3. Metni okuyunuz ve soruları cevap-landırınız.

1. A phobia is an irrational and exces-sive fear of an object or situation.

2. Phobic symptoms can occur through exposure to the fear object or situa-

tion, or sometimes simply thinking about the feared object.

4. Yes, there are. / Yes there are manytypes of phobias?

4. Yes, they are. / Yes, phobias quitecommon.

5. Yes, it is. / Yes, culture is an impor-tant factor in phobias.

Part Two 4. Aşağıdaki boşlukları Future Conti-

nuous Tense kullanarak dolduru-nuz

1. The children will be watching TVwhen we arrive home tonight.

2. He won’t go to the theatre becausehe will be studying for his exam.

3. I won’t be working tomorrow be-cause it is Sunday.

4. I will be doing my homework whileyou are playing football.

5. Where will you be spending yournext summer holiday?

6. When will you be doing your home-work?

7. Where will she be staying in Germa-ny?

8. I wonder what we will be doing there.

9. Where do you think you will be livingin ten years ?

10. He will be working as a policeman.

5. Aşağıdaki boşlukları Future PerfectTense kullanarak doldurunuz

1. I will have sent the e-mail by tomor-row morning.


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2. The holiday will have finished by to-morrow.

3. Ayla will have made the cake by thetime we arrive home.

4. They will have built the 8. dam by2023.

5. Next week, all my exams will havefinished so I will get a deep breathe.

6. We won’t have gone out. We will stayat home.

7. Will you have finished university nextyear?

8. Will your cousin have gotton marriedby the month?

9. Emre will have repaired his motor-bike by four o ‘clock.

10. We will have written the report by to-morrow.

6. Aşağıdaki boşlukları “Future Conti-nuous Tense” ya da “Future PerfectTense” kullanarak doldurunuz.

1. Don’t come early in the morning, Iwill be sleeping.

2. You can come in the afternoon, I willhave finished working.

3. I think we will be living in the samecity in the future?

4. I’m visiting Egypt at the moment; atthe end of my trip I will have travelledmore than 3000 km.

5. By the time he comes we will havefinished the meeting.

6. Don’t phone at 9 o’clock. We will bewatching “Who Wants to be a Mil-lionaire.”

7. Don’t phone grandma now, she willbe sleeping.

8. I promise I will have done all myhomework by the weekend.

9. This time next month she will behaving holiday in İzmir.

10. I will have been married for ten yearsby October 25th.

TEST1. C2. D3. A4. B5. C6. D7. A8. C9. B

10. D 11. C 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. C 21. A 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. D

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UNIT TWO CEVAP ANAHTARI

Part One 1. Doğru olan kelimeyi işaretleyiniz. 1. Many people in the United States

think naps are a waste of time.

2. Companies are seeing the benefits of a short afternoon nap.

3. After a short nap, people wake up feeling more energetic.

4. Naps are not acceptable in today’s work life.

5. After a nap, employees are more pro-ductive.

2. Parçayı okuyunuz ve cümlelerdeki boşlukları parçada geçen uygun kelimelerle doldurunuz.

1. In Arabian countries, Spain and Latin America, most businesses close for a couple of hours in the afternoon.

2. In the European countries and in the United States most people work 8 or 9 hours a day with a lunch break and one or two short coffee breaks.

3. Most adults are getting less sleep than they need.

4. Managers say that after a nap, wor-kers work more effectively in less time.

5. Some companies even have nap ro-oms.

3. Sorular parçaya göre cevaplandırı-nız.

1. Yes, people who take a nap feel more alert.

2. No, it isn’t. / No, it is unusual. 3. They feel more awake, more willing,

and are better at solving problems. 4. No, it isn’t. / No, napping isn’t unusu-

al for pilots. 5. Yes, it may. / Yes, nap break may be

common in the future.

Part Two 4. Aşağıdaki boşlukları “If clause type

0” kullanarak doldurunuz. 1. Water freezes if the temperature falls

below zero. 2. The clock doesn’t work if the battery

is flat. 3. If the camera is on, a green light ap-

pears. 4. If balloon is filled with hot air, it rises. 5. If a water boils, it changes into steam. 6. If you have a headache, take an aspi-

rin. 7. If you are ill, go to the doctor. 8. If it rains, the grass gets wet. 9. If you do not eat for too long, you die.10. If ice drops in water, it floats.


1. I will be happy, if you visit me. 2. The teacher will get angry if I forget

to do my homework.


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3. If I go home late my dad will get angry with me.

4. If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

5. If you miss the train, you will have to take the bus.

6. If Ayşe find her cat, she will take it back home.

7. We will go swimming if the sun shine. 8. I will help you if you are in need. 9. You will get good marks if you will

work regularly.10. If it rain tomorrow, we stay at home.


1. If we had a yacht, we would sail all around the world.

2. If I were younger, I would learn kara-te.

3. If we told this to the teacher, he wo-uld get very angry.

4. I would buy a new car if I had enough money.

5. If she have had a mobile phone, she would phone all her friends.

6. The engine woold in start if I not re-pair it.

7. If I had a lot of money, I wouldn’t stay here.

8. If I felt better, I would go to the cine-ma with you

9. You wouldn’t suffer so much if you went to a doctor.

10. If I have money, I would lend it you.


1. If you had eaten less chocolate, you would have been healthier.

2. If we had practiced, we would have won the mach.

3. If the referee had seen the foul, he would have given a penalty

4. If it would start had not started to rain, we would have walked together on the beach.

5. If we had gone to the cinema, we wo-uld have seen the film.

6. If you had taken a taxi, you would have arrived on time to the meeting.

7. Linda would not have hurt her foot if she had not fallen from the stairs.

8. If it had been warmer, we would have sat in the garden.

9. If you had told me the way correctly, I would not have arrived so late.

10. If it had not rained all the weekend, we would have gone trekking

8. Aşağıdaki boşlukları “If clause type 0,1,2 ya da 3” kullanarak dolduru-nuz.

1. If I were stronger, I’d help you carry the piano.

2. I will travel to London if I find a cheap flight.

3. If I had seen you, I would have said

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hello.

4. If you drop the plate, it will break.

5. If she had studied, she would have passed her exam.

6. I would have come to your wedding ceremony if I hadn’t been on holiday.

7. I would go to work by car if I had a driving license.

8. If we had watched the news, we wo-uld have heard it.

9. I will earn a lot of money if I get that job.

10. If you heat metal it expands.

TEST 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. D10. C11. C12. B13. D14. A15. B16. B17. D

18. B19. A 20. C 21. D 22. B 23. A 24. D

25. C


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UNIT THREE CEVAP ANAHTARI


1. Credit cards have become an impor-tant part of today’s life.

2. Credit cards give us the extra buying power when we need it.

3. By having a credit card you don’t have to carry large amounts of cash around with you.

4. Having a credit card can save you money when used properly.

5. If credit cards aren’t used wisely they can become a huge financial burden

2. Parçayı okuyunuz ve cümlelerde-ki boşlukları parçada geçen uygun kelimelerle doldurunuz.

1. Credit cards give us the extra buying power when we need it.

2. You can usually get things for less money by purchasing goods online.

3. In theory, credit cards are designed to help us.

4. Pay off your balance on all of your credit cards at the end of each month.

5. Don’t loan your credit or give out your credit card information to an-yone

3. Sorular parçaya göre cevaplandırı-nız.

1. Credit cards have become an impor-tant part of our daily life.

2. You can usually get things for less money by purchasing goods online.

3. Yes, it is. / Yes, using a credit card is safe.

4. Yes, you can. / Yes, you cancel your cards if they are stolen.

5. They can become a huge financial burden if they aren’t used wisely.

4. Aşağıdaki cümlelerdeki boşlukları

içindeki uygun kelimeler ile doldu-runuz.

1. I will give you this compass so that you can find your way in the forest.

2. We keep our vegetables in the frid-ge so that it doesn’t go bad.

3. Emin is going to an English course in order to learn English.

4. I have to wake up early since I won’t miss bus.

5. Elif is putting on thick clothes becau-se she catches a cold.

6. Since he was interested in books, Ay-han went to the library regularly.

7. I will phone you as soon as I arrive there.

8. Students go to school in order to le-arn new things.

9. You can’t learn English because you study regularly.

10. The film was boring, so some of us got bored and went out.

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5. Aşağıdaki cümlelerdeki boşlukları içindeki uygun kelimeler ile doldu-runuz.

1. Meliha went to shopping in order to buy a present for his husband.

2. Zeynep went to the market because Sha wanted to buy same sugar

3. It surprised us that Mine got a high mark from the exam since she was not a hard working student.

4. Mehmet got a present from his teac-her because he behaved good.

5. Due to the fact that Tom is innocent, he was not arrested by the police.

6. The fat lady is taking exercises beca-use she wants to lose weight.

7. Since I have not seen him yet, I will phone him.

8. We listened for he told very interes-ting things.

9. I did not buy it because it was too ex-pensive.

10. Because I spent all my money, I had to walk home.

6. Aşağıdaki cümlelerdeki boşlukları içindeki uygun kelimeler ile doldu-runuz.

1. Put the key where you can find it ea-sily again.

2. He let his son wherever he wanted to go.

3. Let’s go to where they are waiting for us.

4. Don’t move it. It can stay where it is. 5. If you are jobless you have to go

where you can a find.

6. Don’t forget to park your car as near the pavement as you can.

7. The dog follows her wherever she goes.

8. I try to visit wherever I can. 9. You don’t need to take your son with

you wherever you go.10. Wherever you hide, the police will

find and arrest you because you are guilty

TEST 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. D10. A11. C12. B13. D14. B15. A16. C17. A18. A19. D20. C21. C22. D23. B24. A25. A


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UNIT FOUR CEVAP ANAHTARI


1. Computers and Internet is every-where, and it is loved and used by everyone for everything.

2. The 20th century is the age of chal-lenges.

3. Computers began to be a part of our lives in the 80’s.

4. Engelbart’s mouse could only go to one direction.

5. The first computer had got 10 mb capacities.

2. Parçayı okuyunuz ve cümlelerde-ki boşlukları parçada geçen uygun kelimelerle doldurunuz.

1. Americans used the computer wi-dely at the population census in The United States.

2. Turkey met with Eniac, the first com-puter in the year 1960

3. Professor Abdullah Atalar made a computer at Bilkent University by changing a black-white television into a computer screen.

4. In 1989, the world wide web was pre-sented to the world.

3. Soruları, parçaya göre cevaplandı-rınız.

1. It was 167 square meters big.

2. The first mouse was invented in

1964.

3. Douglas Engelbart invented the first mouse.

4. The first personal computer was made in 1983.

5. Yes, the world wide web changed the way we trade.

4. Aşağıdaki cümlelerin “active” ya da

“passive” olduğunu yazınız.

1. They often listen to classical music. Active

2. The car must be cleaned. Passive

3. His toys were broken in the garden. Passive

4. Mr. Anderson teaches English. Active

5. The house is being cleaned by the servant. Passive

6. Lots of houses were destroyed by the earthquake in 1999 in Gölcük. Passive

7. The food is going to be served at 8pm. Passive

8. The children were helped by the po-lice. Passive

9. You should study your lesson. Active

10. Different vegetables were grown by a farmer in the south. Passive

5. Aşağıdaki cümleleri “Passive Voice’ a çeviriniz.

1. Döner has been eaten by me.

92


2. My bike was taken by her. 3. The car is being washed by Ali. 4. The thief had been seen by Kerim. 5. The house was being cleaned by me. 6. She can be helped by us. 7. The car had been stolen by someone. 8. The vase has been broken by the

child. 9. The window was cleaned by Ayşe. 10. The meal was eaten.11. The game was won by the home

team.12. The whole story was told me by Rita.13. A good mark wasn’t given me by the

teacher.14. My last book hasn’t been published

by the publishing house.15. The flowers were watered by the gar-

dener. 16. Her room had been cleaned by Şule. 17. İstanbul was conquered by Fatih Sul-

tan Mehmet in 1453.18. The papers were evaluated by the te-

achers.19. The arrangements will be made to-

morrow by the principle.20. Medicine is taken by my father every

day.

TEST

1. B

2. C

3. A

4. C

5. C

6. D

7. B

8. D

9. C

10. B

11. A

12. D

13. A

14. A

15. C

16. B

17. D

18. D

19. C

20. C

21. B

22. A

23. B

24. D

25. D

N.Ö.C

NÖ

C:

Na

hc

iva

n Ö

zerk

Cu

mh

uri

ye

ti

(Aze

rba

yc

an

)

(AZERBAYCAN)

GÜ

NE

Y K

IBR

ISR

UM

YÖ

NE

T‹M

‹

Baş

kent

(A

nkar

a)

l mer

kezl

eri

İ

İngİlİzce 8 - aok.meb.gov.traok.meb.gov.tr/pdf/ingilizce_8.pdf · ankara 2017 t.c. mİllÎ...

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