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Mdulo 19 Text1. O excerto abaixo foi adaptado do conto True Love de

Isaac Asimov.

a) Do que Milton Davidson est cansado?b) Por que Milton Davidson no se casou e o que ele es pe ra

que Joe faa por ele?RESOLUO:a) Milton Davidson est cansado de aperfeioar o com -

putador (Joe) a fim de resolver os problemas do mundo.b) Milton Davidson no se casou por no ter encon trado a

mulher certa. Ele espera que Joe resolva seu problema,encontrando seu amor verdadeiro.

Mdulo 20 Text

Global Handwashing DayOctober 15, 2009

Although people around the world wash their hands withwater, very few wash their hands with soap at critical moments.Global Handwashing Day will be the centerpiece of a week ofactivities that will mobilize millions of people across fivecontinents to turn handwashing with soap before eating andafter using the toilet into an ingrained habit. This could savemore lives than any single vaccine or medical intervention,cutting deaths from diarrhea by almost half and deaths fromacute respiratory infections by about a quarter.

(Adaptado dehttp://www.globalhandwashingday.org/Global_Handwashing_

Day_2nd_Edition.pdf. Acessado em 16/07/2009.)

2.a) Que hbito a campanha descrita no texto pretende incentivar?b) Segundo o texto, em quanto esse hbito pode reduzir as

taxas de mortalidade?RESOLUO:a) A campanha pretende incentivar o hbito de se lavar as

mos com sabo (sabonete), antes de comer e depois deusar o toalete.

b) Esse hbito pode reduzir em quase 50% as mortes pordiarreia e em aproximadamente 25% as mor tes porinfeces respiratrias severas.

Mdulo 21 Text

(Adaptado de http://www.post-gazette.com/robrogers/Default.asp?m=5&d=31&y=2005.

Acessado em 21/09/2009.)

3.a) A terceirizao de empregos fonte de preocupao de um

dos personagens do cartum. Identifique dois outrosproblemas do mundo real apontados pelos persona gens.

b) Na quarta fala, a palavra real utilizada como umadvrbio para enfatizar a reao do personagem face aosproblemas apontados. Qual essa reao?

RESOLUO:a) Outros problemas apontados pelos personagens so: os

altos custos de moradia e planos de sade e a perda realdas aposentadorias.

b) O personagem reage afirmando que est real mentetentado a permanecer na escola, em vez de enfrentar omundo real.

My name is Joe. That is what my colleague, MiltonDavidson, calls me. He is a programmer and I am acomputer. I am Miltons experimental model. His Joe.Milton has never married, though he is nearly 40 years old.He has never found the right woman, he told me. One day hesaid, Ill find her yet, Joe. Im going to find the best. Imgoing to have true love and youre going to help me. Imtired of improving you in order to solve the problems of theworld. Solve my problem. Find me true love.s

(T. Kral (org.), Being People An Anthology. Washington, D.C.: USIA, s/d, p. 183.)

GRAMMAR AND TEXTS

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Mdulo 22 Text

4.a) A que fenmeno se refere o termo cocooning?b) A que se deve esse fenmeno, segundo o autor do tex to?RESOLUO:a) O termo cocooning refere-se ao fenmeno em que as

pessoas preferem permanecer na segurana e confortode seus lares em comunidades fechadas.

b) Esse fenmeno deve-se constante circulao de ima -gens assustadoras nos meios de comunicao de massa.

Mdulo 23 Grammar Passive Voice5. Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.

Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.

6. Jim is going to paint the wall.

The wall is going to be painted by Jim.

7. Mr. Dawson eats avocado with sugar.

Avocado is eaten with sugar by Mr. Dawson.

8. The police have arrested many thieves.

Many thieves have been arrested by the police.

9. People say that she is rich.

Its said that she is rich.

She is said to be rich.

10. John sent Sheila many flowers.

Many flowers were sent to Sheila.

Sheila was sent many flowers.

Mdulo 24 TextAID WITH LESS BAGGAGE

By Silvia Spring

Com base no texto I, responda s questes 11 e 12 em portuguse questo 13 em ingls.11. No que diz respeito maneira como a ajuda humanitria

internacional implementada, explicite:a) o procedimento convencional;b) o procedimento inovador.RESOLUO:a) O procedimento convencional a distribuio de bens

de primeira necessidade.b) O procedimento inovador a ajuda em dinheiro.

12. Cite dois problemas que esse novo procedimento visa evitar.RESOLUO:Dois dentre os seguintes: os custos de transporte de mercadorias corrupo por parte dos gestores roubo de mercadorias ineficincia das ONGs m gesto na conduo da ajuda

13. Transcreva do texto os termos que foram substitudos por:a) their (linha 5); b) them (linha 17).RESOLUO:a) (some) aid recipients (in this beleaguered African nation)b) (new) strategies

CocooningCocooning describes a phenomenon whereby people willwant to stay inside the safety and comfort of their homes ingated communities. This is partially due to the constantcirculation of frightening images in the mass media. Thus,people will do more from their homes; they will spend moremoney to make their homes comfortable and complete. As aresult, jobs related to home entertainment systems and homeremodeling will abound.

(Adaptado de http://www.careerplanner.com/Career-Articles/Hot_Jobs.cfm#HotJobs.

Acessado em 18/10/2009.)

The last thing youd probably expect to see aMalawian drought victim do is whip out her ATMcard and pull cash out of a machine. But thatsexactly how some aid recipients in this beleaguered Africannation now receive their monthly entitlements. []

Its a novel development idea thats catching onaround the world. Until recently, most of the worlds reliefaid came in the form of material goods like food, water,blankets, medicines or building materials, delivered byinternational staff that parachute into disaster areas, orlocal NGOs funded by rich donors. But in recent years, asthe nonprofit world increasingly come under fire forinefficiency, mismanagement and even corruption, therehas been a push for new strategies. Cash aid, which hasbeen delivered to about 100,000 aid recipients incountries like Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Ethiopia viapilot programs, is one of them.

The idea behind cash aid is to cut the cost of aiddelivery, reduce opportunities for corruption and theft ofgoods, and empower aid recipients by giving them morecontrol over their own well-being. []

(Newsweek, June 11, 2007: 35.)

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Mdulo 19 Text Losing Weight

Its all in the snacks

Most people see losing weight as a 24/7 battleagainst fat, calories and overeating in otherwords, a battle theyre sure to lose. But a newsurvey by Nutricise, an online weight-loss program

(nutricise.com), suggests that skirmishes may work better thanall-out war. Nearly all the 400 people surveyed said they usually

overate at the same time every day. Just under a third tended to

wolf down goodies in the afternoon; more than a third gorged

during prime-time television hours. Candies, cookies and

doughnuts were the main temptations, providing many noshers

with 300 to 500 calories per snack.

With a target that fat, you dont have to change your whole

diet to lose weight. Suppose you could shave just 100 caloriesout of the daily indulgence by forgoing a cookie or a third of

a candy bar, or by substituting frozen yogurt for premium

icecream. If you persevered, you would lose approximately 10

pounds over the course of a year, even while leaving the rest of

your diet alone. Small sacrifice, big return.(Newsweek)

1. The text is mainly abouta) the way the obese are losing weight.b) the ideal number of calories a person should intake a day.c) a daily indulgence.d) a new kind of diet.e) the benefits of being a couch-potato.

2. The survey mentioned in the text has found thata) its nearly impossible to lose weight if you eat too much in

the afternoon.b) you wont regain what you lost if you quit premium

icecream.c) by reducing 100 calories out of your daily diet, you may

lose about 5 kilos in a year.d) if you really want to lose weight, you have to reschedule all

your diet.e) you wont put on weight if you overeat at the same time

every day.

3. A synonym for to gorge isa) to squeeze. b) to fast. c) to eat greedily. d) to eat less. e) to chew.

Vocabulary

a 24/7 battle = uma batalha constante

skirmishes = conflitos

all-out war = guerra total

to wolf down = devorar

goodies = guloseimas

noshers = aqueles que gostam de beliscar

target = objetivo, alvo

to shave out = reduzir

to forgo = abrir mo de, renunciar a


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Mdulo 20 Text Vacation Homes

There's no Place like Home

There was a time when only royalty and the very richowned vacation homes abroad. That's changed. Though moneystill helps, in the last few years holidaying in your own overseasproperty has become much more common. There is no doubtthat the vacation-home market has recently increased inpopularity, says Piers Brunner, a managing director.

People are buying these secondary homes because, well,they can. More and more countries now allow foreigners to ownproperty at relatively affordable prices. Elsewhere, developersnow step in to take care of the legalities. And though expertssay that most people still buy real estate within a four-hour rideof their primary residence, improved travel routes have openedup new markets, especially in Asia and Europe. Among thehottest new destinations: Sri Lanka, Spain and Hungary. Buying a vacation home can also be a good investment.Henrietta Wheatman earned $50,000 last year by renting out herThai villa, more than offsetting the $24,000 it costs annually tomaintain and staff the house. All her vacation homes haveappreciated up to 100 percent, and practically pay forthemselves through rentals brought in by referrals and Websites.

(adapted from Newsweek)

1. According to the passage, a) more and more people would rather spend their holidays in

their own countries.

b) people are increasingly buying vacation properties abroad.c) most people still buy vacation properties distant from

home.d) you have to be very wealthy to buy a holiday home since

prices have been increasing lately.e) holidaying overseas is surely cheaper than holidaying in

your own city.

2. Henrietta Wheatmana) intends to buy properties in Sri Lanka, Spain and Hungary.b) has paid around $24,000 for her Thai vacation property.c) 's houses have developed into a highly profitable business.d) has been living overseas since she decided to buy a house

in Thailand.e) regrets having bought so many holiday homes.

3. In: "Though money still helps, ..., the underlined word isclosest in meaning to:

a) Despite the fact. b) So. c) However.d) But. e) Because.

Vocabulary

to allow = permitir

affordable prices = preos acessveis

elsewhere = em outros lugares

though = embora

real estate = bens imobilirios

to rent out = alugar

to offset = compensar

rentals = aluguis

False Friends

experts = especialistas

estate = propriedades, bens

Ateno: estes tambm so false friends

to push = empurrar

to realize = compreender


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Mdulo 21 Text Pyramids

Synthetic stones clue tomystery of pyramids

A French industrial chemist says he has discovered howthe ancient Egyptians built the great pyramids of Giza with onlyprimitive toolsthey poured their own synthetic stones one ontop of another.

We have now studied the stones from a chemical and amicroscopic point of view and we have proof they aresynthetic, Dr Joseph Davidovits told the Miami Herald.

He said a strand of hair gave him the clue to the puzzle thathas baffled scholars for nearly 5,000 years.

Archaeologists have long wondered how a society withoutsophisticated machinery hauled millions of blocks of stone frompits that were miles away and then stacked them up to 40 storeyshigh.

Some have theorised that brute strength or pulleys were thekey. Others have even credited extra-terrestrial creatures withthe feat.

Davidovits said his tests on five small casing stones fromthe largest of the great pyramids showed they were composedof a limestone fossil-shell concrete. He said the substance wasbound together so well that it almost could not be distinguishedfrom natural stone.

He says his theory is proved by a two and a half centimetrelong strand of human hair found encased in one of the stones.The hair fell into the mixture when the pyramid was beingpoured, he said.

We think the mixture was transported in baskets thatweighed 20 or 30 pounds, said Davidovits, It wasnt easy forthe Egyptians but they did not need 50,000 or 100,000 workersas is assumed. We speculate there were 1,500 workers on site.

(Miami Herald)

1. How could the French chemist prove that the greatpyramids were built with synthetic stones?

a) He used primitive tools.b) He used a microscope.c) He discovered that the Egyptians had used strength or

pulleys.

d) He saw a long strand of human hair in a stone.e) He was aware that extra-terrestrial creatures had built the

pyramids.

2. Why were scholars baffled for nearly 5,000 years?a) Because they discovered the stones of the pyramids were

synthetic.b) Because there were 50,000 or 100,000 workers building

the pyramids.c) Because the substance was bound together so well it could

not be distinguished from natural stone.d) Because a long strand of human hair was found encased in

one of the stones.e) They couldn't explain how the workers could have

transported millions of blocks of stones to build the pyramids.

3. According to the chemist, how was the mixture of thestones transported?

a) With a system of pulleys.b) There were 50,000 or 100,000 workers to do this job.c) There were 1,500 workers to do this job.d) In baskets.e) With primitive tools.

Vocabulary

tools = ferramentas

to pour = descarregar

a strand of hair = um fio de cabelo

clue = dica

to baffle = intrigar

to haul = puxar

to stack up = empilhar

limestone = calcrio

Double Sense Words

chemist = { qumicofarmacuticoto wonder = maravilhar-se{querer saber, perguntar-seAteno

figure = figura{nmerofaint = desmaio{ levemajor = major{principalminute = minuto{mnimo


Mdulo 22 Text Birds

The extinction of many species of birds has undoubtedly been hastened by modern man; since 1600 it has been estimated that

approxi mately 100 bird species have become extinct over the world. In North America, the first species known to be annihilated was

the great auk, a flightless bird that served as an easy source of food and bait for Atlantic fishermen through the beginning of the

nineteenth century.

398

1. You may deduce from the passage that the great aukdisappeared

a) before 1600. b) in the 1600s.c) in the 1800s. d) in the 1900s.e) in the last fifty years.

2. It can be inferred from the passage that the great auk waskilled because

a) it was eating the fishermen's catch.b) fishermen used to eat it.c) it flew over fishing areas.d) it baited fishermen.e) it couldn't find anything to eat.

3. To be hastened, in the text, could be translated asa) ser liderada. b) ser concluda.c) ser prejudicada. d) ser interrompida.e) ser acelerada.

Vocabulary

auk = alca (ave)

bait = isca

AtenoNo confunda

heatenergy

source of { light (= fonte) comfortpridedisappointmentmoney

resource of skills(= recurso) { uranium(= reservas) oil

coal


Mdulo 23 Grammar Passive Voice1. Change active to passive:

Someone is going to announce the results of the contest.The results of the contest ............................. .

a) were announced b) was announcedc) have been announced d) are going to announcee) are going to be announced

2. Change active to passive:The carpenter has fixed this chair several times.This chair ........................ by the carpenter several times.

a) was fixed b) had been fixedc) has been fixing d) had fixede) has been fixed

3. The active voice of The coffee was being made when Iwalked into the kitchen is:........................................ when I walked into the kitchen.

a) Someone made the coffeeb) They were made the coffeec) Somebody have made the coffeed) They were making the coffeee) Someone were making the coffee

4. Change active to passive:A bee stung Alice while she was sitting in the garden........................................ while she was sitting in the garden.

a) Alice was sting by a bee.b) Alice was stung by a bee.c) Alice has been stung by a bee.d) Alice stings a bee.e) Alice was stinging by a bee.

5. Change active to passive:People say that she sings well.

a) People is said that she sings well.b) She is said that she sings well.c) She is said to sing well.d) People are said that she sings well.e) She sings well is said.

6. The active voice of Peter should be told about his gradesis:

a) Someone should tell Peter about his grades.b) They should to tell Peter about his grades.c) They should have told Peter about his grades.

d) Peter should tell him about his grades.e) Somebody told Peter about his grades.

7. Change active to passive:Nobody told me that the teacher was in hospital........................ that the teacher was in hospital.

a) I have been told b) I wasnt toldc) I was told d) I hadnt been tolde) They didnt tell me

8. Change active to passive:Is Jack closing the windows?

a) The windows are being closed by Jack?b) Have the windows been closed by Jack?c) Are the windows closing Jack?d) Are the windows being closed by Jack?e) Are the windows been closed by Jack?

9. The active voice of The report wasnt written by theemployees is:

a) The employees havent written the report.b) The employees didnt wrote the report.c) The employees hadnt written the report.d) The employees werent writing the report.e) The employees didnt write the report.

10. Change active to passive:Drivers must obey certain rules. Certain rules ............... by drivers.

a) must have obeyed b) has to be obeyedc) must be obeyed d) must to be obeyede) must be obeying

11. Change active to passive: Someone has stolen his wallet.His wallet ....................... .

a) is stolen b) has been stolenc) was stolen d) had been stolene) stole

12. Change active to passive:Someone is considering Jennifer for that job.

a) Jennifer is considered for that job.b) Jennifer was considered for that job.c) Jennifer will be considered for that job.d) Jennifer is being considered for that job.e) Jennifer has been considered for that job.

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400

Mdulo 24 Text

NEVER AS GOOD AS AT HOME

Don't forget the Marmite, love

Its not unusual to pack a few home comforts when you jetoff on holiday but scores of Britons take black pudding,milk and bacon along with their swimwear and sun cream.They are just three bizarre items that holidaymakers admit totaking abroad with them, dismissing foreign alternatives asnever as good as at home. Other must-haves include real ale,English mustard, Marmite and quilted toilet paper, a surveyfound.

A 35-year-old legal expert told RAC researchers that herefused to travel without British condoms because he did nottrust dodgy Spanish ones, and a devoted husband said healways packed a 15ft extension cable so his wife could use herhairdryer anywhere. One 43-year-old woman took bleach andrubber gloves in her suitcase to give the bathroom a goodgoing-over when she arrived.

(Metro)

1. The survey, mentioned in the text, showed thata) most Britons prefer to spend their holidays in a foreign

country.

b) most Britons dont take their swimwear with them whenthey travel abroad.

c) beer is an item that British holidaymakers admit to takingabroad with them.

d) Britons usually feel uncomfortable when they are in aforeign country.

e) Britons are advised not to take black pudding with themwhen they travel abroad.

2. In:They are just three bizarre items that holidaymakers,the underlined word is closest in meaning to

a) strange. b) common.c) familiar. d) helpful.e) valuable.

3. In:He did not trust dodgy Spanish ones, the verb to trustcould be translated as

a) comprar. b) aceitar.c) usar. d) confiar.e) elogiar.

Vocabulary

ale = espcie de cerveja

toilet paper = papel higinico

condoms = preservativos

dodgy = no confiveis

bleach = alvejante

a good going-over = uma boa limpada

False Friendsexpert = especialista

Ateno:

Lembre-se destes importantes false friends

to record = gravar

to retire = aposentar-se


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