inglês

Prof. Eduardo Folks

www.concursovirtual.com.br

Verb Fundamentals

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inglês

VERB FUNDAMENTALS

FORMAS VERBAIS

V1(Infinitivo)

V2(Passado)

V3(Part. Passado)

V4(Part. Presente)

Blame blamed blamed blaming

Dress dressed dressed dressing

Raise raised raised raising

Break broke broken breaking

AUXILIARY VERBS

Como sugere a denominação, são os verbos que funcionam como “assistentes”, “ajudantes” dos verbos convencionais/completos e ajudam a formar os tempos verbais. São eles:

1) TO BE (is, are, was, were, will be, has been, had been, etc.);

2) TO DO (do, does, did);

3) TO HAVE (have, has, had, will have);

4) MODAIS (will, shall, would, can, could, may, might, must, should)

ORDINARY (FULL) VERBS

Os verbos “convencionais” (comuns) são aqueles que possuem as formas verbais do infinitivo, passado, particípio passado e particípio presente (-ing). Também podem ocorrer em qualquer tempo verbal (present tenses, past tenses e future). São divididos em duas categorias: regulares e irregulares.

Play – played – played – playing

Demand – demanded – demanded – demanding Wear – wore – worn – wearing

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Take a look: AUXILIARY VERB / MAIN VERB

• Mike is being rude to her.

• We had been trying to open the door for five minutes when Jane found her key.

• This time next week I will be sunbathing in Bali.

• Did she do her homework?

• I will have been here for six months on November 6th .

• The promotion had had no effect on the outcome of his life.

• She could have done all on her own.

• Laurie may achieve her ambition.

• You should be resting.

REGULAR VERBS

Caracterizados pela terminação “–ed” no passado e no particípio passado (work, talk, love, rain, play, etc.). São a maioria dos verbos da Língua Inglesa.

Accomplish – accomplished – accomplished – accomplishing Manage – managed – managed – managing

Beg – begged – begged – begging Marry – married – married – marrying

IRREGULAR VERBS

São os verbos que não formam o passado e o particípio passado com a terminação –ed (eat, drink, speak, run, make, etc.). São minoria na classe dos verbos. Porém são os mais frequentes verbos da língua inglesa.

Tear – tore – torn – tearing Bleed – bled – bled – bleeding Split – split – Split – splitting Run – ran – run – running

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PRINCIPAIS VERBOS IRREGULARES AGRUPADOS POR AFINIDADE

Beset

Beset

Beset

Atacar, Recuar

Bet Bet Bet Apostar Burst Burst Burst Estourar Cast Cast Cast Arremessar Cost Cost Cost Custar Cut Cut Cut Cortar Hit Hit Hit Bater, Golpear Hurt Hurt Hurt Ferir, Machucar Let Let Let Deixar, Permitir Put Put Put Por, Colocar Quit Quit Quit Desistir, Parar Read Read Read Ler Set Set Set Ajustar, Estabelecer Shut Shut Shut Fechar Split Split Split Rachar, Partir Spread Spread Spread Espalhar, Difundir Wet Wet Wet Molhar, Umedecer (AS TRÊS COLUNAS SÃO IGUAIS: INFINITIVO = PASSADO = PARTICÍPIO PASSADO)

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Arise Arose Arisen Emergir, Originar

Drive Drove Driven Dirigir, Conduzir

Ride Rode Ridden Passear, CavalgarWrite

Rise

Smite

Strive

Wrote

Rose

Smote

Strove

Written

Risen

Smitten

Striven

Escrever

Ascender, subir

Punir, bater

Lutar, esforçar-se

(DINÂMICA _I-E / _O / _EN )

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VERB TENSES

SIMPLE PRESENT (I play / He sings)

SUJEITO + V1 (+”s” ou “-es” para “he/she/it”)

• We open every day from 9am to 7pm.

• The company accomplishes its annual goals.

DO/DOES(he/she/it) + SUJEITO + V1

• Do you open every day?

• Does the company accomplish its annual goals?

SUJEITO + DO/DOES NOT(don’t/doesn’t) + V1

• We don’t open every day.

• The company doesn’t accomplish its anual goals

• Ações ou eventos que ocorrem regularmente, habitualmente.

• That convenience store opens every day.

• Verdades universais, ações da natureza.

• Water boils at 100 degrees celsius.

• The sun rises in the east.

• Timetable future

• The train leaves at 11:00.

• The game starts at 5:00.

Expressões e palavras que pedem o emprego do Simple Present:

Every morning – todas as manhãsEvery day – todos os diasEvery night – todas as noitesEvery week – todas as semanas Etc.Etc.

Always – sempreOften = frequently – frequentementeSometimes – às vezes / usually – geralmenteSeldom = rarely – raramenteNever – nunca

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PRESENT CONTINUOUS (I`m playing / He is singing)

• Mary is working now.

• The boys are playing at this moment.

• Is Mary working now?

• Are the boys playing at this moment?

• Mary isn’t working now.

• The boys aren’t playing at this moment.

• ação ou evento que está ocorrendo no momento em que se fala. É o presente real.

Smell it! Mum is cooking dinner.

• arrangement

• She’s getting married in the spring.

• Dad is travelling tomorrow at noon.

Palavras e expressões que pedem o uso do Present Continuous:

• Now – agora

• Right now – agora (mais enfático)

• At present – no presente

• At this moment – neste momento

PRESENT PERFECT (I have played / He has sung)

SUJEITO + (HAVE/HAS) + V3 (ED / Irregulares)

• I have worked hard.

• The company has cut some costs.

(HAVE/HAS) + SUJEITO + V3(ED /Irregulares)?

• Have you written the report?

• Has the company hired new employees?

SUJEITO + (HAVE/HAS NOT – HAVEN’T/HASN’T) + V3

• We haven’t talked to them for ages!

• The CEO hasn’t traveled to Malasya since 2013.

• Ações que ocorreram num passado indefinido, indeterminado.

• The team has played well.

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• Ações iniciadas no passado e que estendem-se até o presente (ações não finalizadas).

• Mr Ottis has worked here since 1993.

• Ações recém finalizadas.

• Mary has JUST arrived.

Palavras e expressões que pedem o uso do Present Perfect:

Since – desde

Once / Twice – Uma vez / Duas vezes

Just – recém, apenas

Several times – diversas vezes

For – por, há

Many times – muitas vezes

Yet – ainda, já

Today – hoje

Recently – recentemente

Already – já

Lately – ultimamente

Ever – já; alguma vez na vida

This week/month/year – esta semana/este mês/este ano

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS (I have been playing / He has been singing)

• I have been correcting tests since this morning.

• “Sorry I’m late.” “That’s ok. I haven’t been waiting long.”

• What have you been doing since we last met?

• Ações iniciadas no passado e que estendem-se até o presente (ações não finalizadas. Normalmente, as ações são mais temporárias).

• They have been waiting in line for 10 hours.

• Ação recentemente finalizada mas cujo efeito possa ser sentido no presente.

• Someone has been smoking in here.

• It has been raining heavily.

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SIMPLE PAST (I played / He sang)

SUJEITO + V2(-ED/ irregulares)

• They worked last night.

• The manager spoke to his team the day before yesterday.

DID + SUJEITO + V1?

• Did they work last night?

• Did the manager speak to his team the day before yesterday?

SUJEITO + DID NOT (didn’t) + V1

• They didn’t work last night.

• The manager didn’t speak to his team the day before yesterday.

• Ações ou eventos que ocorreram num momento DEFINIDO, DETERMINADO do passado.

• É fundamental que ocorra uma expressão de tempo que funcione como resposta para a pergunta “Quando?”.

• The company hired some workers last week.

• The boss went to London four days ago.

Palavras e expressões que pedem o uso do Simple Past

Yesterday – ontem Ago – atrás

Last night/week/month – noite passada/semana passada/ mês passado As if/as though – como se

Ed works as if/as though he knew the duties.

Used to

usado para falar de algo que acontecia regularmente no passado, mas não mais acontece.

• SUJ + USED TO + V1

• I used to rule the world, seas would rise when I gave the word.

• DID + SUJ + USE TO + V1?

• Did she use to work like that?

• SUJ + DIDN’T USE TO + V1

• He didn’t use to be that boring.

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PAST CONTINUOUS (I was playing / He was singing)

• Ações ou acontecimentos ocorrendo de forma contínua num momento definido do passado.

• Mary was walking alone yesterday morning.

• Ação longa interrompida por uma ação curta. (ambas no passado);

• They were playing soccer when the car crashed.

• Em orações conectadas com os verbos no Past Continuous descrevendo duas ações simultâneas.

• The employees were working while the boss was taking the plane.

PAST PERFECT (I had played / He had sung)

• SUJEITO + HAD + particípio passado (-ED / irregulares)

• Tom had worked at home.

• Sue had gone to France.

• HAD + SUJEITO + particípio passado?

• Had Tom worked at home?

• Had Sue gone to France?

• SUJEITO + HAD NOT (HADN’T) + particípio passado

• Tom hadn’t worked at home.

• Sue had not gone to France.

• Ações ou acontecimentos no passado anteriores a outros acontecimentos também no passado. A ação mais recente deve trazer o verbo conjugado no “simple past”.

• When I GOT home, I found that someone HAD BROKEN into my flat and HAD STOLEN my TV set.

• Mrs Thompson was very nervous as the plane TOOK off because she HADN’T FLOWN before.

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PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS (I had been playing / He had been singing)

Usado para descrever uma ação que estava em progresso (normalmente apresentando a duração) antes de outra ação no passado.

Fred had been living for 10 years in London when he married Nikita. She had not been running long when the accident happened.

Had you been playing when you saw it?

FUTURE FORMS AND USES

WILL – Prediction or spontaneous intention.

S + WILL + I (Base form)

I think it`ll rain tomorrow. He`ll fetch your bag.

Palavras que pedem o uso do Simple Future:

Tonight – hoje à noite

Tomorrow – amanhã

Next (week, month) – próxima semana, próximo mês Soon – logo, breve

• BE GOING TO – Intention or `evidence now`

• S + am/is/are + going to + I (Base form)

• He’s going to be a pilot in the Air Force.

• Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain any minute.

• SHALL – In formal contexts, mostly with ‘I’ and ‘we’.

S + SHALL + I ( Base form)

• I shall send it to you tomorrow.

• We shall have to tell her what happened.

• The primary residence of the children shall remain with their mother.

• We can use the full form shall not in formal contexts or when we want to emphasis something:

• The management shall not be responsible for damage to personal property. [a public notice in a pub]

• OFFER (I/we)

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• Shall I carry your suitcase?

• SUGGESTION (I/we)

• Shall we eat out tonight?

• SEEKING ADVICE (I/we)

• What shall I do with this?

• COMMANDS / INSTRUCTIONS (very formal)

• This door shall be kept closed at all times.

• Future CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE)

S + WILL BE + verbo principal terminado em ING

Ações ou acontecimentos estarão ocorrendo em determinado momento no futuro.

• Kent and Alice will be celebrating their wedding anniversary next Sunday.

• I’ll be having dinner at 7:00.

• Future PERFECT

S + WILL + HAVE + III (Past Participle)

Ações ou acontecimentos já estarão finalizados em determinado momento no futuro.

• This time next year the president will have dismissed Chile’s ambassador.

• By the year 2050, newspapers will have died out.

TESTS ON VERBS

Which of the sentences below has a correct verb form?

a) I haven’t met my Chinese friends since July.b) The children have read a Chinese story yesterday.c) Have you learned Mandarin when you were in school?d) They have seen many Chinese films last year.e) His parents have lived in China in the 1960’s.

• Since the introduction of MP3 music player headphones many minor street accidents

a) Occursb) Is occurringc) Had occurredd) Have occurrede) Were occurring

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Choose the best alternative to complete the sentence below:

“Mexico _________ many difficult crises in history, but now it __________ its own future.”

a) has faced – is shapingb) faced – was shapedc) have faced – shapesd) have been facing – shapede) faces – has been shaped

ADJETIVOS

FORMAÇÃO PARTICÍPIO PASSADO (V3 -ED) E PELO PARTICÍPIO PRESENTE (V4 -ING)

-ING ADJECTIVES

(someone or something that generates a feeling.)

• An amazing number of people registered.

• She`s got a boring job in an office.

• That movie is very interesting.

• There is some shocking and disgusting stuff in this book.

• That was the most surprising discovery of the day.

-ED ADJECTIVES

(Someone’s state or feelings.)

• The singer was amazed by the number of people in the arena.

• She is bored with her job in an office.

• The viewers are very interested in that movie.

• The readers became shocked and disgusted by some stuff in this book.

• Researchers were surprised at that discovery.

• ED ADJECTIVES – Someone’s feelings or state.

• Amazed, bored, interested, shocked, surprised