ingénierie système cycle de vie et environnement · •mbse (model-based systems engineering): a...

Ingénierie SystèmeCycle de Vie et Environnement

Agnes LANUSSE (CEA LIST)

Tony Hutinet (AFIS / CIMPA)

Ingénierie Système - Cycle de Vie & Environnement 17/09/191

System Engineering and Complexity ?

➢ Complexity• « Le Réel est infiniment complexe, tisse de faits et d’evenements en

interaction qui s’influencent, interagissent, interfèrent et se modifient les unsles autres a l’infini. » Edgar MORIN

• « La vie ne reside pas dans les molecules, mais dans les relations qui s’etablissent entre elles » Linus PAULING

➢ System Engineering• Systems are composed of interacting components or subsystems themselves

interacting with the environment

• Constraints and Environment are evolving as well

2Ingénierie Système - Cycle de Vie & Environnement 17/09/19

TRENDS within and cross Industries


From Mechanical … to … Cyber Physical Systems

4Ingenierie Système - Cycle de Vie & Environnement 17/09/19

System Engineering is About

➢ Building and Mastering Complex Systems


System Engineering

➢Complexity concerns: • The technical system being developed

• But also the problem space (including people and organizations) and the environment.

➢Complexity related to• Size, Diversity, Dynamism and with emergence.

➢It is a challenge to systems engineers • Not to over-simplify in pursuit of representations and capabilities that can be

understood and controlled;

• The Right Level of Abstraction is key.


Systems Complexity• Number of components (multiplication of

interactions)

• Number of services or functions

• Level of integration of these services or functions

• Number of functional & physical configurations

• Possibilities of use (variety of stakeholders and interfaces)

• Degree of innovation

• Number of evolutions…

Non integrated system

Juxtaposition of components

Each component is specific of a service or function

Each function is activated independently from others

Local impact in case of changes

Integrated system

High coupling between components

A component is not allocated to a specific service or function

The system coordinates the functions and manages the resources

Global impact of changes

Com

ple

xity incre

ase


System Engineering is About

➢ End to End Mastering of Design and Life-Cycle of Engineered Systems• From Needs Analysis• Taking excplicitely into account constraints coming from different stakeholders and context

(Operationnal, Economic, Environmental,…)• To deployment, operation and retirement

➢ Global approach & Principles• System viewed as interacting parts (or subsystems) and interacting with its environment• System considered from different ViewPoints and Various Scales• From Needs and Problem space to Solution space taking into account possible alternatives

➢ Proposes Process Methods and Tools to support design • Design the System of Interest• Implement system and Organization to Integrate it in its environment (Integration

Verificatiion Validation Qualification - IVVQ)

8

“[…] Enabling Organized Transition from Need to Product*”


SE current Tools to Handle Complexity

➢ System Thinking• A global approach Thinking about interacting entities

Models as a support for : ✓ Systems and entities representation✓ Capitalization and exchange of knowledge✓ Reasonning, computing , evaluation, verification

➢ Processes and tooling support• Methodological guidelines and process modeling frameworks:

• Standards: ISO 15288, ISO 42010, BPMN, …• And dedicated Frameworks TOGAF, NAF, …

• Model based Tools,• Process modelling (SysML, Modelica, ..)• Verification, Validation (Formal languages + Verification tools)• Generic transformation Tools to implement gateways between formalims


Systems Engineering - Models & Simulations

➢Models: These are abstract representations of the vision we have of the Real World, according to points of view.

• Examples: Physical Models, Functional Models and Economic Models.• MBSE (Model-based Systems Engineering): A strong trend in Systems Engineering

is to rely on models to Formalize, Capitalize and Exchange Information between stakeholders.

➢ Simulation: It is a means of substituting one entity (often real) with another, according to a finality and a Point of view in order to be able to predict its behaviours and its performances by virtual means.

• Examples: Environmental, Operational, Functional and Physical simulations.• Purposes: demonstration, test, exploration of concepts, stimulations for an existing

system/product, communication and sharing of concepts.


Challenge: Integrating Multiple Disciplines


➢ Integrating different disciplines has many consequences

• Increased number of constraints and inputs involved

• Increased complexity of modeling

• Disciplines may have competing goals (ex: Aerodynamic performance vs. Structural Efficiency)

Need for Trade-off Studies

➢ Strong incentive and value in moving modeling effort upstream in the design process, i.e. in the conceptualdesign phase

Challenge: Integrating Multiple Disciplines


• Rapidly explore hundreds or thousands of potenHal design points for muliple criteria

• Explore the design space by moving both the design point and the constraints

• Visualize active constraints and identify the ones that prevent the designer from obtaining the largest feasible Space possible

• Test a multitude of designs• Evaluate the sensibility and feasibility of the chosen concepts• Assess, in more detail, their corresponding design variables

Need for a parametric, dynamic and interactive environmentthat allows the user to:

System Design - TradeOff Analysis based on MBSE


It is also a matter of view points and Collaboration

➢From expertise in silos to Human interaction : a collaborative process• Interactions are not just specification of interfaces

• It is important to exchange not only Data but Meaning about Data

• Interactions should be human centered

➢The example of Risk analysis• Collaboration between System engineers and Safety analysts


Collaboration between SE Engineers & Safety Analysts


New challenges: Decentralized and Open organizations

➢Systems of Systems and the era of Systems as a Service• Open and dynamic systems

• Contracts between stakeholders

• New threats to Safety and Security (Difficult to maintain Defense in Depthprinciples)

• Non controlled environment

➢A new paradigm the blockchain• Resilience

• Integrity

• Tamper Resistant

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Blockchains applications typology

Présentation à la journée Complexité 17/09/19 17

Some challenges: Digital TrustFrom Requirements to contracts code

➢How to be sure that digitalization is secure and correct?An example about Shengen Visa procedure :

➔ Formalization through smart contracts formally proved and code correct by construction (JFLA’19)


Blockchains: Identified Technical Challenges


For further Information About SE & Complexity➢Complexity is not only in the System of Interest (SOI)

➢But also in the organizations

➢… and in the Organization of Activities to Handle System Engineering Full Life-Cycle

2 associations targetting Systems Engineering:

✓AFIS (Association Française d’Ingénierie Système) • http://afis.fr

✓INCOSE (International Concil of System Engineering)• A Complexity Primer for Systems Engineers July 2015 White Paper• https://www.incose.org/docs/default-source/ProductsPublications/a-complexity-

primer-for-systems-engineers.pdf• https://www.sebokwiki.org/wiki/Complexity

http://afis.fr/

https://www.incose.org/docs/default-source/ProductsPublications/a-complexity-primer-for-systems-engineers.pdf

https://www.sebokwiki.org/wiki/Complexity

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