insights on enterprise application architecture

© EAdirections 2010. All Rights Reserved.

Enterprise Application ArchitecturePractices and Perspectives

Tim Westbrock

Managing Director, EAdirections

August 2, 2010

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

© EAdirections 2010. All Rights Reserved. 2

My Premise

There is a difference between application

architecture and

Enterprise Application Architecture (EAA).

One is about architecting “an” application.

The other is about establishing the direction for

your entire application portfolio – both

functionally and technically.


Drivers for EAA

• Managing the complexity of the applications

– Focus is on identifying the gaps, weaknesses and overlaps in the

application portfolio

– Results in the PORTFOLIO view and practices

• Managing the complexity of application integration

– Designing standard integration methods and configurations of technology components to provide standard service capabilities(security, user interface, data interchange, directory, collaboration, etc.) to application types (packaged, BI, publishing, etc.)

– Associate patterns/examples with each application type

– Results in the PLATFORM view and practices

• EAA dependent on other areas of EA as well (business, data, and technology)

3


CISR EA Maturity Findings …


EA and Application Portfolio Assessment

HighLow

Excellent

PoorT

ech

nic

al

Con

dit

ion

Business Value

Reevaluate/Reposition

Maintain/Evolve

Phase Out/Replace

Develop Application

InfrastructureOperational Criteria:• Performance• Immediate Needs• Maintenance Limitations• Licensing Issues• Business User SatisfactionArchitecture Criteria:

• Principles• Standards• Capability Changes• Integration Approaches• Patterns• Roadmaps• Service Portfolio


Identifying gaps/overlaps of Application Functionality

• In the diagram below, the Application Systems are mapped to the FH. This can be very effective in understanding which applications support which functions as well as possible overlap.

1.1

P

ublic

Rela

tions &

Com

munic

ations

1.2

A

dvert

isin

g &

Bra

nd M

anagem

ent

1.3

M

ark

eting O

ps &

Lead G

enera

tion

2.1

P

rospecting &

Lead M

anagem

ent

2.2

Q

ualif

ication

2.3

S

ale

s P

roposals

2.4

S

ale

s N

egotiations &

Contr

acts

3.1

R

esearc

h &

Develo

pm

ent

3.2

P

roduct D

evelo

pm

ent &

Desig

n

3.3

P

roduct E

ngin

eering

4.1

P

rocure

ment

4.2

M

anufa

ctu

ring

4.3

In

vento

ry

4.4

S

hip

pin

g

4.5

C

usto

mer

Serv

ice

4.6

R

etu

rns

5.1

P

urc

hasin

g

5.2

A

ccounts

Recie

vable

5.3

A

ccounts

Payable

5.4

F

inancia

l R

eport

ing

5.5

In

tern

al A

udit

5.6

H

um

an R

esourc

es

5.7

In

form

ation S

yste

ms (

IT)

5.8

Legal

Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

Leads

Contacts

Accounts

Campaigns

Financial System

General Ledger

Cash Management

Accounts Payable

Accounts Receivable

Fixed Assets

Supply Chain Management

Order Entry

Purchasing

Inventory

Forecasting

Manufacturing

Bill of Materials

Scheduling

Cost Management

Quality Control

Capacity Planning

Freight Management & Shipping

Freight Management & Shippping

Human Resources

Personnel

Payroll

Benefits

Time & Attendance

Content Managent

Content Management

etc.

etc.

etc.

System function

Co

mp

an

y A

BC

's I

nfo

rma

tio

n S

yste

ms

LEGEND

Company ABC

High Level Functional Hierarchy

4.0 Operations 5.0 Finance & Administration3.0 Engineering1.0 Marketing 2.0 Sales


Data is just as big a factor in Integration Complexity

In the diagram below, the Information Artifacts are list down the left hand side and then mapped to the Functional Hierarchy. Over time some organizations refine this diagram to include information about which Functions can modify the Information Artifact as well as selected metrics (e.g. Number of Customer Orders, Processing Time).

1.1

P

ublic

Rela

tions &

Com

munic

ations

1.2

A

dvert

isin

g &

Bra

nd M

anagem

ent

1.3

M

ark

eting O

ps &

Lead G

enera

tion

2.1

P

rospecting &

Lead M

anagem

ent

2.2

Q

ualif

ication

2.3

S

ale

s P

roposals

2.4

S

ale

s N

egotiations &

Contr

acts

3.1

R

esearc

h &

Develo

pm

ent

3.2

P

roduct

Develo

pm

ent

& D

esig

n

3.3

P

roduct

Engin

eering

4.1

P

rocure

ment

4.2

M

anufa

ctu

ring

4.3

In

vento

ry

4.4

S

hip

pin

g

4.5

C

usto

mer

Serv

ice

4.6

R

etu

rns

5.1

P

urc

hasin

g

5.2

A

ccounts

Recie

vable

5.3

A

ccounts

Payable

5.4

F

inancia

l R

eport

ing

5.5

In

tern

al A

udit

5.6

H

um

an R

esourc

es

5.7

In

form

ation S

yste

ms (

IT)

5.8

Legal

Prospect Information

Prospect Contact Information

Prospect Credit

Customer Information

Customer Contact Information

Customer Credit

Customer History

Product Information

Product Descriptions

Product Specifications

Product Pricing

Inventory

Product Inventory

Component Inventory

Repair Parts

Orders

Customer Order

Customer Invoice

Shipping

Shipping Notice

Product Returns

Return Information

etc.

etc.

etc.

Creates information artifact

Primary user of information artifact

Secondary user of information artifact

LEGEND

Co

mp

an

y A

BC

's H

igh

Le

ve

l In

form

atio

n C

om

po

ne

nts

Company ABC




Application Platforms

• Identify the needed platforms and capabilities

• Identify the needed services per platform

– TOGAF provides a pretty good starting point related to the TRM

• Identify existing service providers

– Including duplicates

• Declare standard (and alternate) service providers

– Use cases help when more than one alternative is available

• Use SQL Server data service provider for …

• Use Oracle data service provider for …

• Bundle services into Platform Configuration Document

• Identify missing services (no current provider)

• Identify candidate (and dependent) efforts to build platform

service

8


Application

Integration

Business Application

Deployment

Business Application

DevelopmentBusiness

Solution

Platforms

Collaboration

ERP

GIS

IDE

BI / Data Warehouse

Document Management

Content Management

Security

Data Management

Communications

Knowledge

ManagementTechnical

PlatformsWorkstation

Communications Publishing

Storage Management

Voice

Data

Example Platforms


Map Capabilities to Architectures

• BCC’s to functional hierarchy

• BCC’s to org structure

• ICC’s to Information entities

• ICC’s to application portfolio

• TCC’s to technology catalog

• SCC’s to application portfolio

101

.1

Pu

blic

Re

latio

ns &

Co

mm

un

ica

tio

ns

1.2

A

dve

rtis

ing

& B

ran

d M

an

ag

em

en

t

1.3

M

ark

eting O

ps &

Lead G

enera

tion

2.1

P

rosp

ectin

g &

Le

ad

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

2.2

Q

ua

lific

atio

n

2.3

S

ale

s P

rop

osa

ls

2.4

S

ale

s N

eg

otia

tio

ns &

Co

ntr

acts

3.1

R

ese

arc

h &

De

ve

lop

me

nt

3.2

P

rod

uct

De

ve

lop

me

nt

& D

esig

n

3.3

P

rod

uct

En

gin

ee

rin

g

4.1

P

rocu

rem

en

t

4.2

M

anufa

ctu

ring

4.3

In

vento

ry

4.4

S

hip

pin

g

4.5

C

usto

me

r S

erv

ice

4.6

R

etu

rns

5.1

P

urc

ha

sin

g

5.2

A

cco

un

ts R

ecie

va

ble

5.3

A

cco

un

ts P

aya

ble

5.4

F

ina

ncia

l R

ep

ort

ing

5.5

In

tern

al A

udit

5.6

H

um

an

Re

so

urc

es

5.7

In

form

ation S

yste

ms (

IT)

5.8

Legal

CEO

Sales & Marketing

Corporate Marketing

Sales

National Accounts

Sales Engineering

Research & Development

Engineering

Manufacturing

Operations

Procurement

Receiving

Inventory & Shipping

Customer Service

Finance & Administration

Purchasing

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Payable

Financial Management

Human Resources

Information Systems

General Counsel

Primary Responsibility

Secondary Responsibility

Co

mp

an

y A

BC

's O

rga

niz

atio

na

l S

tru

ctu

re

LEGEND

Company ABC



EBA

1.1

P

ublic

Rela

tions

& C

om

munic

atio

ns

1.2

A

dve

rtis

ing &

Bra

nd M

anagem

ent

1.3

M

ark

etin

g O

ps

& L

ead G

enera

tion

2.1

P

rosp

ect

ing &

Lead M

anagem

ent

2.2

Q

ualif

icatio

n

2.3

S

ale

s P

roposa

ls

2.4

S

ale

s N

egotia

tions

& C

ontr

act

s

3.1

R

ese

arc

h &

Deve

lopm

ent

3.2

P

roduct

Deve

lopm

ent &

Desi

gn

3.3

P

roduct

Engin

eering

4.1

P

rocu

rem

ent

4.2

M

anufa

cturing

4.3

In

vento

ry

4.4

S

hip

pin

g

4.5

C

ust

om

er

Serv

ice

4.6

R

etu

rns

5.1

P

urc

hasi

ng

5.2

A

ccounts

Reci

eva

ble

5.3

A

ccounts

Paya

ble

5.4

F

inanci

al R

eport

ing

5.5

In

tern

al A

udit

5.6

H

um

an R

eso

urc

es

5.7

In

form

atio

n S

yste

ms

(IT

)

5.8

Legal

CEO

Sales & Marketing

Corporate Marketing

Sales

National Accounts

Sales Engineering


Engineering

Manufacturing

Operations

Procurement

Receiving


Customer Service


Purchasing

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Payable


Human Resources

Information Systems

General Counsel



Co

mp

an

y A

BC

's O

rga

niz

atio

na

l Str

uct

ure

LEGEND

Company ABC



ETA

Ship CM

Leads

Conta

cts

Acc

ounts

Cam

paig

ns

Genera

l Ledger

Cash

Managem

ent

Acc

ounts

Paya

ble

Acc

ounts

Rece

ivable

Fix

ed A

ssets

Ord

er

Entr

y

Purc

hasi

ng

Inve

nto

ry

Fore

cast

ing

Bill

of M

ate

rials

Sch

edulin

g

Cost

Managem

ent

Qualit

y C

ontr

ol

Capaci

ty P

lannin

g

Fre

ight M

anagem

ent &

Ship

pin

g

Pers

onnel

Payr

oll

Benefit

s

Tim

e &

Attendance

Conte

nt M

anagem

ent



Prospect Credit



Customer Credit

Customer History

Product Information



Product Pricing

Inventory

Product Inventory

Component Inventory

Repair Parts

Orders

Customer Order

Customer Invoice

Shipping

Shipping Notice

Product Returns

Return Information

etc.

etc.

etc.

Authoritative Source ('Corporate Record')



LEGEND

Co

mp

an

y A

BC

's H

igh

Le

vel I

nfo

rma

tion

Art

ifact

s

High Level View of Information Systems

Company ABC

CRM Financial System Supply Chain Human ResourcesManufacturing

EIA

1.1

P

ublic

Rela

tions

& C

om

munic

atio

ns

1.2

A

dve

rtis

ing &

Bra

nd M

anagem

ent

1.3

M

ark

etin

g O

ps

& L

ead G

enera

tion

2.1

P

rosp

ect

ing &

Lead M

anagem

ent

2.2

Q

ualif

icatio

n

2.3

S

ale

s P

roposa

ls

2.4

S

ale

s N

egotia

tions

& C

ontr

act

s

3.1

R

ese

arc

h &

Deve

lopm

ent

3.2

P

roduct

Deve

lopm

ent &

Desi

gn

3.3

P

roduct

Engin

eering

4.1

P

rocu

rem

ent

4.2

M

anufa

cturing

4.3

In

vento

ry

4.4

S

hip

pin

g

4.5

C

ust

om

er

Serv

ice

4.6

R

etu

rns

5.1

P

urc

hasi

ng

5.2

A

ccounts

Reci

eva

ble

5.3

A

ccounts

Paya

ble

5.4

F

inanci

al R

eport

ing

5.5

In

tern

al A

udit

5.6

H

um

an R

eso

urc

es

5.7

In

form

atio

n S

yste

ms

(IT

)

5.8

Legal


Leads

Contacts

Accounts

Campaigns

Financial System

General Ledger

Cash Management

Accounts Payable

Accounts Receivable

Fixed Assets


Order Entry

Purchasing

Inventory

Forecasting

Manufacturing

Bill of Materials

Scheduling

Cost Management

Quality Control

Capacity Planning



Human Resources

Personnel

Payroll

Benefits

Time & Attendance

Content Managent

Content Management

etc.

etc.

etc.

System function

Co

mp

an

y A

BC

's I

nfo

rma

tion

Sys

tem

s

LEGEND

Company ABC



EAA


Bringing it all Together

11

1.1

Public

Rela

tions

& C

om

munic

atio

ns

1.2

Adve

rtis

ing &

Bra

nd M

anagem

ent

1.3

M

ark

eting O

ps &

Lead G

enera

tion

2.1

Pro

spect

ing &

Lead M

anagem

ent

2.2

Qualific

atio

n

2.3

Sale

s P

roposa

ls

2.4

Sale

s N

egotia

tions

& C

ontract

s

3.1

Rese

arc

h &

Deve

lopm

ent

3.2

Pro

duct

Deve

lopm

ent &

Desi

gn

3.3

Pro

duct

Engin

eerin

g

4.1

Pro

cure

ment

4.2

M

anufa

ctu

ring

4.3

In

vento

ry

4.4

Ship

pin

g

4.5

Cust

om

er S

erv

ice

4.6

Retu

rns

5.1

Purc

hasi

ng

5.2

Acc

ounts

Reci

eva

ble

5.3

Acc

ounts

Paya

ble

5.4

Fin

anci

al R

eportin

g

5.5

In

tern

al A

udit

5.6

Hum

an R

eso

urc

es

5.7

In

form

ation S

yste

ms (

IT)

5.8

Legal

CEO

Sales & Marketing

Corporate Marketing

Sales

National Accounts

Sales Engineering


Engineering

Manufacturing

Operations

Procurement

Receiving


Customer Service


Purchasing

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Payable


Human Resources

Information Systems

General Counsel



Com

pany

AB

C's

Org

aniz

atio

nal S

truct

ure

LEGEND

Company ABC



EBA

1.1

P

ublic

Rela

tions

& C

om

munic

atio

ns

1.2

A

dve

rtis

ing &

Bra

nd M

anagem

ent

1.3

M

ark

etin

g O

ps

& L

ead G

enera

tion

2.1

P

rosp

ect

ing &

Lead M

anagem

ent

2.2

Q

ualif

icatio

n

2.3

S

ale

s P

roposa

ls

2.4

S

ale

s N

egotia

tions

& C

ontr

act

s

3.1

R

ese

arc

h &

Deve

lopm

ent

3.2

P

roduct

Deve

lopm

ent &

Desi

gn

3.3

P

roduct

Engin

eering

4.1

P

rocu

rem

ent

4.2

M

anufa

cturing

4.3

In

vento

ry

4.4

S

hip

pin

g

4.5

C

ust

om

er

Serv

ice

4.6

R

etu

rns

5.1

P

urc

hasi

ng

5.2

A

ccounts

Reci

eva

ble

5.3

A

ccounts

Paya

ble

5.4

F

inanci

al R

eport

ing

5.5

In

tern

al A

udit

5.6

H

um

an R

eso

urc

es

5.7

In

form

atio

n S

yste

ms

(IT

)

5.8

Legal

CEO

Sales & Marketing

Corporate Marketing

Sales

National Accounts

Sales Engineering


Engineering

Manufacturing

Operations

Procurement

Receiving


Customer Service


Purchasing

Accounts Receivable

Accounts Payable


Human Resources

Information Systems

General Counsel



Co

mp

an

y A

BC

's O

rga

niz

atio

na

l Str

uct

ure

LEGEND

Company ABC



ETA

Ship CM

Leads

Conta

cts

Acc

ounts

Cam

paig

ns

Genera

l Ledger

Cash

Managem

ent

Acc

ounts

Paya

ble

Acc

ounts

Rece

ivable

Fix

ed A

ssets

Ord

er

Entr

y

Purc

hasi

ng

Inve

nto

ry

Fore

cast

ing

Bill

of M

ate

rials

Sch

edulin

g

Cost

Managem

ent

Qualit

y C

ontr

ol

Capaci

ty P

lannin

g

Fre

ight M

anagem

ent &

Ship

pin

g

Pers

onnel

Payr

oll

Benefit

s

Tim

e &

Attendance

Conte

nt M

anagem

ent



Prospect Credit



Customer Credit

Customer History

Product Information



Product Pricing

Inventory

Product Inventory

Component Inventory

Repair Parts

Orders

Customer Order

Customer Invoice

Shipping

Shipping Notice

Product Returns

Return Information

etc.

etc.

etc.

Authoritative Source ('Corporate Record')



LEGEND

Co

mp

an

y A

BC

's H

igh

Le

vel I

nfo

rma

tion

Art

ifact

s

High Level View of Information Systems

Company ABC

CRM Financial System Supply Chain Human ResourcesManufacturing

EIA

1.1

P

ublic

Rela

tions

& C

om

munic

atio

ns

1.2

A

dve

rtis

ing &

Bra

nd M

anagem

ent

1.3

M

ark

etin

g O

ps

& L

ead G

enera

tion

2.1

P

rosp

ect

ing &

Lead M

anagem

ent

2.2

Q

ualif

icatio

n

2.3

S

ale

s P

roposa

ls

2.4

S

ale

s N

egotia

tions

& C

ontr

act

s

3.1

R

ese

arc

h &

Deve

lopm

ent

3.2

P

roduct

Deve

lopm

ent &

Desi

gn

3.3

P

roduct

Engin

eering

4.1

P

rocu

rem

ent

4.2

M

anufa

cturing

4.3

In

vento

ry

4.4

S

hip

pin

g

4.5

C

ust

om

er

Serv

ice

4.6

R

etu

rns

5.1

P

urc

hasi

ng

5.2

A

ccounts

Reci

eva

ble

5.3

A

ccounts

Paya

ble

5.4

F

inanci

al R

eport

ing

5.5

In

tern

al A

udit

5.6

H

um

an R

eso

urc

es

5.7

In

form

atio

n S

yste

ms

(IT

)

5.8

Legal


Leads

Contacts

Accounts

Campaigns

Financial System

General Ledger

Cash Management

Accounts Payable

Accounts Receivable

Fixed Assets


Order Entry

Purchasing

Inventory

Forecasting

Manufacturing

Bill of Materials

Scheduling

Cost Management

Quality Control

Capacity Planning



Human Resources

Personnel

Payroll

Benefits

Time & Attendance

Content Managent

Content Management

etc.

etc.

etc.

System function

Co

mp

an

y A

BC

's I

nfo

rma

tion

Sys

tem

s

LEGEND

Company ABC



EAA

• New / Changed Processes & Functions• New / Changed Channels & Partnerships• New / Changed Products & Services• New / Changed Roles & Organization

• New / Changed Information Entities• New / Changed Information Sources and Consumers• New / Changed Information Flows• Data Management Policies and Data Standards• Data Services Portfolio

• New / Changed Infrastructure Components (Standards)• New / Changed Infrastructure Configurations & Patterns• New / Changed Infrastructure Lifecycle • Change Management Policies• Infrastructure Services Portfolio

• New / Changed Solution Portfolio• New / Changed Application Integration Approaches• New / Changed Application Patterns & Frameworks• Application Services Portfolio


ExecutiveManagement

ExistingOperations

EnterpriseArchitecture

BusinessStrategy

ProjectPortfolio

Mgt.

New/ChangedCapabilities

RequiredModels of theFuture StateEnterpriseModels of the

Current StateEnterprise

Object

ObjectObject

Object

Standard Service Request

Standard Service Response

CLIENT(Service

Requestor)

ServiceProviderWORK

Project B

Build &Integrate

Object

ObjectObject

Object



CLIENT(Service

Requestor)

ServiceProviderWORK

Object

ObjectObject

Object



CLIENT(Service

Requestor)

ServiceProviderWORK

Project C

Build &Integrate

Object

ObjectObject

Object



CLIENT(Service

Requestor)

ServiceProviderWORK

Project A

Build &Integrate

PopulateNew/Changed

Capabilities Delivered

TacticalProject

Requests

Input

GOVERNANCE

Annual, TacticalGoals, Objectives

& Targets

Represents

Transforms

EA Connects Strategy to Implementation

EA Roadmap• Project Requests• Adds/Changes to Applications,

Infrastructure, Information, &

Business Process Capabilities

• Timeline/Interdependencies


Concluding comments

• EAA cannot be done in a vacuum

– Collaborate, Communicate and

Coordinate with business,

info/data and infrastructure

architecture groups

• Identify the basis for prioritization

of activities

– Strategy, goals, objectives of the

enterprise

• Governance structures and

roles/resp. must be defined to

alleviate architects from

“policing” themselves and

eliminate the bias that is inherent

13

ExecutiveSteering

Committee

ArchitectureReviewBoard

IssueResolution

Groups

CIO

EACore Team

DomainTeam(s)(SMEs)

EPMO


About EAdirections

14

Tim Westbrock

George S. Paras

We Work WITH You To:• Improve the value of IT to your enterprise

• Improve Enterprise Architecture (EA) programs

• Refine/Tune Governance Mechanisms

• Create a Portfolio-Based Culture

• Integrate Management Disciplines

• Unify Business/IT Perspectives

• Operate a World-Class Office of the CIO

• Balance the Strategic with the Tactical

How We Do It:• Continuous Mentoring of IT Leaders

• CIO, EA Team, PMO, Office of the CIO, etc.

• Assess Org Structures, People, Teams

• Build Internal Support and Sponsorship

• Analyze and Drive Activity Plans

• Review and Improve Processes & Deliverables

• Contribute Relevant Examples & Research

• Provide Pragmatic, Objective, Unbiased and Prescriptive Feedback on Everything You Do

Thought Leaders. Mentors. Deep Relationships.