instructions for use± a ^ , mokun / muk Ìn >& ô n.) (1988: 501)>' k s @ w z ô n.) (1988) c Ô å...
TRANSCRIPT
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Instructions for use
Title ダグール語の語彙におけるツングース諸語との共通要素について
Author(s) 風間, 伸次郎
Citation 北方人文研究, 8, 1-23
Issue Date 2015-03-31
Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/58443
Type bulletin (article)
File Information 08_01_kazama.pdf
Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP
https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/about.en.jsp
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1
1
(2009)
1640
1 2010 13 1992
isolated languages
4 162017
10 1732 28 1763 (2013: 1, 10)
-
2
(2009: 244)
(1988)
1955 2,566 1,780 69.3%144 5.6% 2
150 5.8% 146 5.7%, 140/ 6169 6.6%
1956 2,000 46.1%3.15% 3.95% 46.8%
1988 5,439 2,502 46%
681 12.5% 457 8.4%1,791 32.9% 3 46-69.2%
3.15-12.5% 3.95-8.4%6.5-46.8%
50%10%
20% (1988: 485-486) 1 1955
1955 150 (1988)
2 (1996: 178),
(1989: 1059)
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3
/ bii / bi , šii / si , xulaan / fulgiyan , omul /omolo , aiš / aisi , ul / šolo , a / ah n , d u / deo (1988: 501)
ardii / akjan , xakur / fak ri, guu / gu , xal / hala , mokun / muk n
(1988: 501) (1988)
j k ~iik , barool , doo , r l ,
am’naan , n n , nannaak n , ab r (1988: 514)
n , nik aa , p ntuu, uurm n 2 , jal rmaan 3, aabkaat , bainaa aa (1988: 514)
(1988)
8 12 15 11
6 8 512 4
muk n || muxus n la || laxa p ntuum - || p ntum si- tooroo || 3.3.1. k gwr n~k gwr kw || 3.3.1.
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4
1.1.
- (1983) 3
(1983)
(1983) e > ,
q > , j > , x > š, y > j (1984)
(1984) (1983) (1984)
: :: :
6 A. (1984) B. (1984) C. (1984)
D. (1984)
E. (1984) F. (1984)
Tsintsius et al. (1975, 1977)
3
25
-
5
Tsintsius et al. (1975, 1977)
Tsintsius et al. (1975, 1977) I IV Ikegami 1974
1996
I (Ek) ; (Ew) ; (S) ; (N) ; (Na K-U)
; II (Oc) ; (U) ; (Hz) ; III (Ut) ; (Ul) ; (Na) ; (Na Bk); IV (Ma) ; (J)
Ag ; D ; E ; I; Nak
B ; Bnt ; Brg ; V ; V-L; N ; P-T ; S ; Tkm ; U
A ; Ald ; V-Am ; Vl ; Vtm ; Z
; Kch ; M ; Nrch ; Olkm ; Skh ; Tk; Tmt ; Tng ; Tp ; Tt ; Urm ; Uchr
; Khng ; Chlm ; Chmk
{P.Mo} ; {sr.Mo} ; {M} ; {Bur} ;
{K} ; {dr.Tjurk} ; {Jak} ;
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6
Tsintsius et al. (1975, 1977) Tsintsius et al.
(1975, 1977) Tsintsius et al. (1975, 1977) (Ek)
(1984) Tsintsius et al. (1975, 1977)
(Ek) (Ew) (S) (N) (Oc) (U) (Ul) (Ut) (Na) (Ma) (J) A. F. 3.1. 3.6.
:
a Tsintsius et al.(1975, 1977) aoši
(Ek: Ald, V-L, Z, S, Skh, Tng, Uchr, Khng, Chmk, Tit) awus, (N), (Oc), (U), (Ul), (Na) b n r (Ek: Brg, V-L, S-B, Urm, Khng) b n r, (Ew), (N), (Oc), (U), (Ul), (Na) {K} myeneuri rg l üker (Ek: Ald, Brg, Z, Kch, Tp, Uchr, Khng) hukur, o us < {Jak},
(S) uxur , gg l doo (Ew)(Ut)
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7
baar baaralb i4
baani (Ek) boona, (Ew)
aoši , b n r, baanirg l, doo, baar, baaralb i
(1984)
5
bainaa aa t rk n (Ek) tirk n
(Ek: Brg, Nrch, Urm) tirkuu , (S), (Ew), (N), (U) k , (Na) ks n (< tik n) , (Ma), {P.Mo} ig p ntuu (Ek: Z, M, S-B,
Urm, Uchr, Khg) p ntu (Oc), (Ul), (Na), (Ma) p ntuum b i(Na) puntum si- tatandaa (Ek: Ald, A, Z,
Skh, Tmt, Tt, Urm, Uchr, Chmk) tat- 6 tatkaam uu ikaamii(Ek: M, Z, S, Tt) ikaa- (Ew),
(N), (Ut) uurm n irmüsün irmüsün 2
(Ek) uur (Ek: Z, Skh, Tng, Urm, Uchr, Chmk) uurm n jalarmaan3 (Ek) ilan , (Ek: Ald, Z, Skh, Tng, Urm, Uchr, Chm)
ilarman jallaan p ntuu
(Ek) p ntuu panty
7
4 baaralbei baaral- -bei (1989: 602) (1984)
5 17
6 {M} dad- (1983: 122) 7
-
8
3.3.1. 3.3.2.
3.3.3. 3.3.4.
sarmilt (Ek) sarimi- (Ek: P-T, Ald, Brg, N, Tk, Urm, Chlm) sarimikta, (J) {P.Mo} sormusun (S)
sammikta~sammitta~sarmilta
-kta
*sar(i)mikta (Ek) sarimi-
amaa aminaan (Ek) amaa(Ek: Skh, Urm) amnan , (Ew), (N), (Oc), (Ut), (Na) b n sul
2.1. b n r b n r
ukuk n (Ek) b k (Ew), (S)
(Ek) w k
, (Na) uk etc.
domol Sem (1976: 153) (Na Bk) domoliomol 2.5. : k mul
Sem (1976: 165) (Na Bk) komoli
šomol ui (Ma), (J)3
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9
domol k mul (Na Bk) (Na Bk) (1996: 134) (Na K-U) (Hz)
ui (1984) : M zee
P. Mo ige, (1983: 202) and (Ek) anda (Ew) (S) {P.Mo} anda
in (Ek) dii {P.Mo} e en(Ek: Ald, Brg, V-L, Btm, Z, Nrch, S-B, Skh,
Tng, Urm, Uchr, K) n kongoo (S) xo goo, (N), (Oc), (Ul), (Ut), (Na)(S) xo go ko go - g- I IIIII
{P.Mo} (Ma) (Ma)(Ma) dutu
and in
kongoo8
gaaran (Ek) gara gara n {P.Mo}
ar ataakii (Ek) atakii (U), (Ma), (J) uk n (Ek) uku n (S), (J)
(Ek) uku n~ uk n~ uk n~ uk sjonbaak aan (Ek) buka aan (S), (N), (Ma), (J)
(Ma) buksa(Ek: Uchr, E, S-B, Skh, Urm, Chmk, S) d r n (Ek) d r n
(Ma), (J) (Ek) d r n P-T, Ald, E, N, Skh, Tng, Urm, Uchr kakraa (S) xaxraa
gaaran kakraa
8 {M} dulij, {P. Mo} dülüi (1990: 244)ko goo {M} xongil, {P. Mo} qonggil
(1983: 474) (1990: 364)
1
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10
atirkaan (Ek) ati (Ek: Z) atirkaa aa (Ul), (Na), (J) I (Ek) atirkaan
k ngul n (Ek) ki l (S), (Ma), (J)(Ek) ki l P-T, Ald, Z, N, Nrch, Uchr, Chlm
gisoor (Ek) gis (U) (Ek: P-T) gisu, (S) gis , (Na) gisil (Ek: P-T, Ald, Z. N, Urm, Uchr, K, S, S-B, Tit, Nrch) tooroo (Ek) turu (Ew), (U)
{P.Mo} tura , {dr.Tjurk} tur- turu~tura moli b i
(Oc) m u-~m wu-, (Ul), (Ut), (Na)9
k ngul n
tooroo
madan (Ek) mudan (Oc), (Ut), (Ma), (J)
mudan kaltag (Ek) kaltaka {P.Mo} xaltas, {M} xaltas
madan
kaltag -g~-k || -s
a b i a inab i (Ek) ar a (J)I ar a- (N) al a-~at a- (Ma) a a-
b i b i (Ek) b juu- (Ma), (J) gu n b igu j (Ek) gu j (Ma)
(Ek) gu j (S) gu n- I(2011: 36) (S) gu jee
9 {M} bööl-, {P. Mo} bögele- (1983: 63)
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11
II III (Ma)
guuruub iguuruul (S)
p.c. ilaan (Ek) ila-(Ew), (J) (Ek), (S) ilan, ilãã
tatb i (Ek), (Oc), (Ul), (Na), (Ma), (J) (Ek)
{P.Mo} tata- aandaab i(Ek) aandaa-, (S) aandaa-, (Ew) oont -
tatb i guuruub itatb i
aandaab ichang4
guuruub i
t nn n (Ek) to no (Ew) to do~tondo (S) tondooxõ, (Ma) tondo
to no (Ek: P-T, E, Z, I, N, Nrch, K) nannaakan
(S) nandaaxan d n
baraan (Ek) baranI (Ut), (Ma) {Bur} baran, {dr.Tjurk} barïn, baru
(Ek: P-T, Ald, Z, Nak, Skh, Urm, Uchr, Chmk) lk(Ek) lk (Ew), (J)
(Ma) {P.Mo} engke
nannaakan (S) nandaxaan i(S), (Ew), (N), (Ul), (Ut)
(S) nandaaxan šak (1996: 134) (Hz) siakdu, xiaok,
(Na Bk) s’ææoxo{K}~s’oxo, (Na K-U) s’axu Tsintsius et al.(1975, 1977)
t nn n3.5. tond
t nn ntond
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12
baraan I
lk
nannaakan
šak
k p r k p r (N) k pur k pur, (Oc), (U), (Ut), (Na)saar saar (Ek) sarkama (Ew), (U), (J)
tiak tiak (N) tee tee , (Oc), (U), (Ul), (Ut), (Na)(Na) tiak tiak tee tee
3 k p r k p rtiak tiak
II III IV)
3.4.1. 3.4.2. 3.4.3.
3.4.4.
3.4.5.
b j bey-e (Ek) b j {P.Mo} beje(n)horoo quruGu (Ek) huru un {sr.Mo} heregei,
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13
{P.Mo} erekei 10 (Ek: Ald, Skh, Urm, Uchr, Chlm) huru un
huad quda (Ek) kuda, (N), (Oc), (Ul), (Na), (Ma), (J)
{P.Mo} xuda(Ek)
noon nuGun (Ek) n kuun {P.Mo} noko~noxo
m rg n mergen (Ek) m rg n ii (Ew), (J){P.Mo} mergen
mori mori (Ek) murin {P.Mo} morin mowo moGuisaa ig šaGa aGai (Ek) saksa (N), (Oc), (Ul),
(Ut), (Na), (Ma) I {P.Mo} sa a i ai saksa an (1989: 324)
mangi s manggir(Ek: Nrch, K) ma ehun {P.Mo} mangir, manggisu(n)
oloo ilaGu (Ek) olo (J){P.Mo} ilagun (2013: 7) 2
h in kei (Ek) din{P.Mo} 11 -d-
(1990: 591) kei k i, ki
antaa amta (Ek) amta {P.Mo} amtan etc. arag arG-a (Ek) arga (Ew), (N)
{P.Mo} ar a etc. duli düli(Ek) dulin
{P.Mo} duli 12 dur düri (Ek) durun(Ew), (J) {P.Mo} düri
10 Tsintsius et al. (1977) {P.Mo} erekei quruGu-n (1983: 499)
11 kei din 12 (1983: 146) dul(en)
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14
g g gege (Ek) rii {P.Mo} gegegen etc. oblon obalang (Ek) o or
(Ma) obolon etc. {P.Mo} oba-
kooli qauli (Ul) kaali, (Na), (Ma), (J) {P.Mo} xauligui1lie4
ku kücü(Ek) kusii- (Oc)
{P.Mo} kü ün šigi siGui (Ek) si ii(S), (J) {P.Mo} si uiw il üile (Ek) ul hit (Ek), (Ew), (Ul), (Ut), (Na), (Ma), (J)
(Ek), (Ew) {Jak} (Ul), (Ut), (Na) (Ma) (Mo) {P.Mo} üile konoo konoor qonoG (Ek) konuk , (S), (Ew) (S) (Mo) (Ek) (Ew) {Jak}
{P.Mo} xonu- sanaa sanaG-a(Ek) sanaa , (S) (Ek) {Jak} (S) (Mo)
{P.Mo} sana- {P.Mo}
dal dal i (Na), (Ma) {P.Mo}
argi ariki (Ek) arakii (J) {P.Mo} arakibarkan burqan (Ek) burkaan (S), (Oc), (Na) {P.Mo}
burxan budaa budaG-a (Ek) buda(N), (Oc), (Ul), (Ut), (Na), (Ma), (J) {P.Mo} buda a
gokoo goq-a (Ek) goko (S), (Ew), (U) {P.Mo} oxusarp sabq-a (S) sarpa (Ek), (Ew)
{P.Mo} sabxa (Ek), (Ew)
(J)toli
toli-n (Ek) tooleen~tole , (S), (N), (Ul), (Ut), (Na), (Ma)(Ek) {P.Mo} toli(n)
mungu mönggü (Ek) m un {P.Mo} mönggünaas aGasu (Ek) alban
{P.Mo} a alsu(n)~ a arsu(n)~ a asu(n) šil šölü (Ek) sil (J) {P.Mo} šilün t r g terge
(Ek) t rg (S), (Ma) {P.Mo} terge(n)
-
15
bodb i bodu- (Ek) bodo- (Ew), (N), (J){P.Mo} bodu- dawaa dabaG-a dawaab i daba-(Ek) dawa- (S), (J) {P.Mo}
daba- k r b i ker i- (Ek) k r i-, (N), (Ul), (Ut), (Na), (Ma) {P.Mo} k r i-
maltb i malta- (Ek) malta-, (S), (Ma) {P.Mo} malta- milkub i mölkü- (Ek) mirki-
{P.Mo} mo ai , mölkü- o b io u- (U) o o-, (Na), (Ma) o i-~o u- onob iunu- (Ek) u -/k- (Ew), (J) {P.Mo} unu-
tanib i tani- tanil tanil tanil b itanil a- (Ek) taa - (J) {P.Mo} ta a-
13 jadarb i yadara- (Ek) jadakuu (Ew), (Ut), (J) {P.Mo} jada-
14
bali balai (Ek) bali (S) {P.Mo} balai15 bajin bayan (Ek) bajan (Ew)
{P.Mo} bajan rd erte (Ek) rd, (S), (Ew), (Na), (Ma), (J) {P.Mo} erte hairan
qayir-a (Ek) kajree (N), (Ut), (J){P.Mo} xaira, xairalal katuu
qataGu katan qataGu(Ek) kataa- (U)
(Ek), (S), (Ma) {P.Mo}k uu ke egüü (Ek) k t , (Oc), (U)k tu,
(Ul), (Ut), (Na)k tu {P.Mo} ketü largi n narGiyan
(Ek) largii , (Ul), (Na), (Ma) {P.Mo} l
bonbor bömbüge-n (Ek) bumbuk , (U), (Na), (Ma)
13 tanibei {P.Mo} ta a- {M} tani- {P. Mo} tani- (1983: 360)
14 jadarbei {P.Mo} jada- {M} jadra- {P. Mo} yadara- (1983: 667)
15 {M} soxor {P. Mo} soqur (1983: 335) (1990: 608) {P. Mo} balai
-
16
{Bur} bümb g bümb g r
D.
Tsintsius et al. (1975, 1977) {P.Mo}
d rdb i degde- d gii takiy-a (Ek) d - (Ek) d ii
Tsintsius et al. (1975) d -d - {P.Mo} d gd -
16 d gii -gd- -rd-
d rd-daram daram-a (Ek) darama
{P.Mo} (1983: 128) daram (daruma)salaa salaG-a (Ek) halan
(Ew), (S), (J) {P.Mo} 17
(Ul) paala(n), (Na) paalaa, (Ma) fasalan, mataa mata-
(Ul) mataxa , (Na) {P.Mo}{Jak} batama~mata a etc.
Tsintsius et al. (1975, 1977) (2011)
16 d - {M} degdeexij {P. Mo} degdekei (1983: 151)
17 Tsintsius et al. (1977) {M} salaa(n), {P. Mo} salaG-a-n (1983: 322) V-aa / V-ee
dab-aa -aa id-ee -ee *s h halaan
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17
mangil mangnai ma g l (S) ma il (Mo) {P.Mo} manglai olor olus lar (S) olor~olur (Mo)
{P.Mo} ulus s r
k r g kereg x r g (Ek) k r {P.Mo} kereg gerek (1989: 146)
k g g bi i-g
p.c. aruunariGun ar kk n d edüge d gaibii
GayiGui go ori orui oreešurkul idkür šukk l ungu öngge u gu
(1984) :
bilgaar gaawu monio it n n n
suar koldoon orwoidaailgaa ardii uku giad
saran igaa ak anaku škomol s b amban g r n
hal gurun gürün niakan kotonqota bait banig durun
nduur rg n gašaanGa aG-a giaan ka in mugd n s b in
ta in ta ku mudaan rint ni uaart n ani ani bi jalanbi
ningunbi nadanbi akunbiujinbi uanbi nadarmaan
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18
7
aišilb i ban ibuub i ban inab itb i takurb i ta b i pan b i son b i
d ribuub i doolonku doo-batb i bataal bataa in
tond tondookon tulgi nn u al ban tii sardi
daa l wun s b intii i ilii n umai utkai
ardii sardi(Ek) agdii || (U) agdi || (Na) ag i || (Ma) ag an (Ek)
sagdii || (U) sagdi || (Na) sag i || (Ma) sakda -gd- -rd-
giad niakan (Ek) gida || (U) gida || (Na) gida || (Ma) gida (U) ni ka || (Na) nikan || (Ma) nikan
i{M} ad, {P. Mo} ida (1983: 162)
band n bandang bi nš bansi daajaan ang un
angoid k udii koo pi aanuidun üidêng giaa tunšilb i gan in
bai
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19
( )
5 10
Ag (0); D (0); E (3); I(1); Nak (1)
B (0); Bnt (0); Brg (5); V (0); V-L(3); N (4); P-T (7); S (4); Tkm
(0); U (0) A (1); Ald (11); V-Am (0); Vl (0); Vtm
(0); Z (12); Kch (1); M (2); Nrch (6); Olkm(0); Skh (10); Tk (1); Tmt (1); Tng (5); Tp
(1); Tt (2); Urm (14); Uchr (13); Khng (3); Chlm (3); Chmk (5)
-
20
0.
10 5 aošitatandaa jalarmaan 3
in baraan 5 4 d r ngisoor 2
solwoi solugai (Tr) sol (1989: 342)Öztopçu et al. (1996)
(1983) solgoi solu ai
t t r(Ut) taatari (1997: 197)
tereeter tertee
(Na K-U) (Hz) (Na B-K)
-
21
1983 : (DAOR NIAKAN BULKU BITEG).
1984 005 :
.
1988 004 :
.
Ikegami, J.
1979 Versuch einer Klassifikation der tungusischen Sprachen, Sprache, Geschichte und Kultur der altaischen Völker, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.
1989 2 , 1058-1083
.
1997 .
1996 109 117-139,
.
-
22
2011
.
1989 2 , 597-603 .
1983 .
2013 KOTONOHA 124. 1-13.
Öztopçu, Kurtulu , Zhoumagaly Abuov, Nasir Kambarov and Youssef Azemoun
1996 Dictionary of the Turkic languages. London and New York: Routledge. Sem, L. I.
1976 Ocherki dialektov Nanajskogo jazyka Bikinskij (ussurijskij) dialekt. Leningrad: Nauka.
1990 .
.
1989 .
Tsintsius, V. I. et al.
1975, 1977 Sravnitel’nyj slovar’ tunguso-man’chzhurskikh jazykov, Materily k etimologicheskomu slovarju, tom 1, 2. Leningrad: Nauka.
1996 110: 177-190.
2009 7.2
2 243-253, .
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23
On the common lexical elements between Tungusic and Dagur
Shinjiro KAZAMA
Tokyo University of Foreign Studies
Dagur is one of the Mongolic languages which had been in contact with Tungusic from the oldest period. In this paper I examine common lexical elements between Dagur and Tungusic, and try to decide whether these elements are 1. from Mongolic to Tungusic, or 2. from Tungusic to Mongolic. Through the examination on these elements I consider the homeland of Dagur and the history of the contacts between Mongolic and Tungusic.
First, I extract common lexical elements with Tungusic from Enhebatu (1983) and Enhebatu et al. (eds.) (1984) (Dagur dictionaries). And I divided those common lexical elements into the following 6 groups:
A. The words noted as from Solon; B. The words noted as from Ewenki; C. The words without any notes about the borrowing source and without the
corresponding Mongolian literary forms; D. The words without any notes about the borrowing source and with the
corresponding Mongolian literary forms; E. The words noted as from Manchu; F. The words noted as from Chinese
In conclusion, I point out the following points: (1) The words which Dagur borrowed from Tungusic are mainly found in the semantic
domains of body-parts, families, plants, animals, hunting and shamanism. (2) The words which Tungusic borrowed from Mongolic consist of words with abstract
meaning and of cultural elements. Onomatpeia is also borrowed. (3) Some words are obsereved which illustrate the contact of Dagur with ‘the Amur
middle-basin linguistic area’ (consisting of (Na K-U), (Hz) and (Na B-K), cf. Kazama (1996)).
(4) On the problem of the Dagur homeland, according to the distribution of Ewenki dialects which have common elements with Dagur, I estimate the homeland as the left shore of the Amur around the Zeya, the Bureya and the Urmi river.