instructions for use...began in 2002 as demonstration project. biodiesel is used 1.5% in 2009, and...
TRANSCRIPT
Instructions for use
Title Bioenergy : Key tool for Sustainable Society (Korean Experiences)
Author(s) Lee, Jin-Suk
Issue Date 2013-11-05
Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/54001
Type conference presentation
Note 環境・エネルギー国際シンポジウム : 持続可能な未来へ 低炭素社会と再生可能エネルギー. 2013年11月5日(火). 北海道大学学術交流会館講堂. 札幌.
File Information 02_Sustainable-energy-symposium-Sapporo-Dr.-Lee).pdf
Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP
Agenda
I. Introduction
II. Bioenergy Experiences in Korea
- Biogas
- Biodiesel
- Wood Pellets
III. Other Issues
IV. Summary
Energy Situation in Korea (MKE, 2008)
Coa 27.4%
LNG 14.8%
Nuclear 13.5%
Oil 41.6%
Other 2.2% Hydro
0.5%
KIER_ 巴弓011叶羽コ|畠包平包田園圃 KOREAINSTITUTE OF ENERGY RESEARCH
Optimum Energy Mix
1. Optimum energy mix
(consideration factors)
Environmental factor
Economic factor
Coal
Petroleum
LNG
Nuclear
Renewable
Economic & Environmental
596
109 393
174
811
0.8 1.1
0.6 0.0 0.2
Coal Petr- oleum
Renew- able
LNG Nuclear Coal Petr- oleum
Renew- able
Nuclear LNG
$ / TOE $ / TOE $ / TOE
Carbon Ton / TOE
Consideration factors: Economy and Environment
Key Barriers for Realization of Sustainable Society in Korea
• Climate Change
• Energy (Oil) Crisis
• Rural Development
Bio-Energy
Targets for Renewable Energy (National Energy Roadmap, 2008)
x 5.1
Renewable energy : 6.24 x 106 TOE ------------ 31.63 x 106 TOE
x 14.8 Bioenergy : 0.68 x 106 TOE ------------ 10.16 x 106 TOE
Targets for Bioenergy (National Energy Roadmap, 2008)
Transport Biofuels
Bio-Heat
Bio-Power
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
2008 2010 2015 2020 2030
X10
3 t
oe
Possible Supply with available biomass
2994
Target for bioenergy supply in 2030
Priority for Bioenergy in Korea
• Utilization of Organic Wastes (Biogas, Waste fats)
• Transport Biofuels
• Unutilized Resources (Agricultural and Forest Residues)
Current Status of Bioenergy Supply (KEMCO, 2009)
ー+ーBioaas.......LFG (Power) 戸長 LFG(Heat}
ー+ーBiiodiesellー~Sol jd Biofuel
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
凶
O」F
円。FM
2008
KIER_ 巴弓011Lll:Jコ|畠包平包田園圃 KOREAINSTITUTE OF EN印GYRESEARCH
2007 2006 2005
。
Challenges for Bioenergy Supply
• High cost of bioenergy
• Limited biomass resources in Korea
• Low stakeholder-group acceptance of transport biofuels
Feed-in tariffs for Biopower
Maximum Capacity Capacity
Compensation rates, $/kWh Remarks
Minimum Baseline Compensation
Feed-in Tariffs
Fossil fuel lower than 30%
LFG
≤ 50MW
20MW ≤ 0.052 SMP+0.004
≤ 20MW 0.058 SMP+0.008
Biogas 150kW ≤ 0.056 SMP+ 0.008
≤ 150kW 0.066 SMP+0.011
Biopower Wood 0.053 SMP+0.004
• Korean food waste takes about 30% of total organic wastes (6.6million ton/year). The water content of food waste is about 90%. Because of the characteristics, it is difficult to treat the waste by conventional technologies like land filling or incineration.
• KIER developed a two-phase anaerobic digestion process in which acidic fermentation and methane formation were done in separate reactors. The technology was found to be quite effective for the treatment of Korean food waste.
• After a series of test runs, the technology was commercialized. Two full scale commercial plants have been constructed to treat food waste and produce methane. The research for the electricity generation using methane was finished in 2008.
Biogas from Food Wastes
Two-phase Anaerobic Digestion
中間て
「ILeachatヨ
骨肉ter I
~Compost I ~唾圃e:.4‘圃 唾
Aerobic disestion
令(盟国ぶ℃負]QJ...
し+ lii?足以iinSOlid/liquid Separator
Maturing
d fZEntera
Anaerobic disestion
Heat I
4 噌圃 4唾ーSolid Waste
Generation
Gas reservior Landfilll
Incineration Acidic
Fermentor
Maturing
4・Compost. ....唾-b 4唾・ 4唾・ 4J:ト暦r亡IRec笠!.5!water.,.・旦笠坦!ge.砂"Solid/Uquid'
Separator
灯r=r'E弓011叶工{コ|畠包平包園田町 民OREAINSTITUTE OF ENERGY RESEARCH
Paju Biogas Plant (110 tons/day) - 1996 : 30 (tons/day) food waste - 2004 : 50/60 (tons/day) food waste/ manure
- 4,800 m3/day
- 600kW E.G.
Biogas from Waste Manure (Demo)
- Location : Mojun, Kyunggido, Korea - Swine manure : 20 tons/day - Process : 2 stage UASB treatment after solid removal - Biogas : 250m3/day max. (30kW micro-gas engine) - Fund : $1 mil.
Transport Biofuels from Waste
<CHP>
<Transport Biofuel>
Food waste, Cattle
manure, Sludge
Anaerobic Digestion Energy Use Organic
wastes
Biogas CO2
<Cattle Manure>
<Co-digestion>
Began in 2002 as demonstration project.
Biodiesel is used 1.5% in 2009, and 3.0% in 2012 of total diesel consumption.
- 0.5% increases in each year
BD5 is commercialized in Korea in 2006, marked as the first country in Asia.
BD20 is limited on the vehicles enabling to repair in their own facilities due
to the technological problems.
Long Term 5.0% Mix Target
Tax Incentives
Feedstock Infrastructure
Quality & Technology
0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0%
Exemption Support
Demo Plantation of Rapeseed
Feasibility Study of
Multi- feedstock
0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0%
Tax Exemption
Standard Reinforcement
The development of low-cost high-efficient biodiesel production technology
Review of Dissemination
2013 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
- 10 -
Tax Exemption on Biodiesel
BD5 is subject to diesel fuel specification, and supplied only by refiners. Bus and truck company can use BD20 with their own accord.
Biodiesel Distribution in Korea
BD100 BD5 BD5
BD20 1)
Biodiesel Suppliers (21 companies in 2009)
* 900,000kL/yr
Refiners (4 refiners )
Gas Station Customer
Bus, truck and construction equipment operators who are equipped with ‘certified storage tank’ and ‘self-repair shop’
1) 10% during winter season(11/1~3/13)
Feedstocks for Biodiesel in Korea (Korea Bioenergy Association, 2013)
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
wco
Palm oil
Soybean oil
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
KIER_ 巴弓011Lll:Jコ|畠包平包田園圃 KOREAINSTITUTE OF EN印GYRESEARCH
Solid Biomass Utilization in Korea ー、ζγ 、、
一、一 一、一一、一 一、一一、一 一、一、一 一、、一 一、‘一一、一 一、一 一、一一、一 一、一 一、一一、一 一、一 一‘一一、一 一、一 一、一一、- 一、一 一、一一、一 一一 一~ 一 、 一 、ー、~‘也‘、司、
ー』一、‘
KIER_ 巴弓011Lll:Jコ|畠包平包田園圃 KOREAINSTITUTE OF EN印GYRESEARCH
Demand for wood pellets in Korea
Institutional 40/0
Greenhou 670/0
Residentia 290/0
2012 7 .5x105 tons
Generation 570/0
170/0
Greenhou 260/0
2020 SOxl05 t10ns
KIER_ 巴弓011Lll:Jコ|畠包平包田園圃 KOREAINSTITUTE OF EN印GYRESEARCH
Strategy for Securing Stable Supply of Feedstocks
Utilization of Available Biomass
(Organic wastes, Agricultural/Forest residues)
Identification and New Biomass
(Aquatic biomass, Energy crops
Utilization of Foreign Biomass
(Plantation residues)
Stable Supply of Feedstocks for Transport biofuels
Map of Renewable Energy Resources (New & Renewable Energy Data Center, http://www.kredc.net/)
RE Potential, x 106
Solar Thermal 22,054 Gcal/yr
PV 2560 GW/yr
Biomass 12.6 Gcal/yr
Geothermal 11.4 kTOE
Map of Biomass Resources (New & Renewable Energy Data Center, http://www.kredc.net/)
d̂、、λ1-¥)/....,,
~ ~ ~
を1畠 ~9吻庄が
、T 守・
tII0120Hごと-Z警告(Ioe)
...
MtkzfE弓011Lll:Jコ|畠包平包田園圃 KOREAINSTITUTE OF EN印GYRESEARCH
RPS
• Effective in Korea from 2012
• Accelerates the implementation of renewable enrgy
• Impose quota for each renewable energy
• Total installed capacity – 1,914 MW
RFS in Korea
Scenario 1
Scenario 2
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
BD2.5 BD2.5 BD3.0 BD3.5 BD4 BD4.5 BD5
E3 E3 E4 E5
BD2.5 BD2.5 BD2.5 BD3 BD3 BD3.5 BD4
E3 E3 E3 E4
Demonstration supply of E3
Demonstration supply of E3
BD7
E7
BD5
E5
2013
[BD2]
[BD2]
START REVIEWⅠ REVIEWⅡ
- Introduction of E3 - Biogas?
- Introduction of biogas
Scenario 1 is effective from September, 2015!
• Korean supporting policy for renewable energy implementation is changed from “Subsidy” to “Mandatory” (RPS (2012), RFS (2015) and RHO (2016))
• Bioenergy will play a key role for realizing the sustainable society in Korea
• Securing stable supply of the feedstocks will be the most challenging issue
• Organic wastes and energy crops may be the promising candidates as the feedstocks for bioenergy production
IV. Summary