International Relations (11)New Europe and European Union

2009. 11. 17김 병 구

bkkim9@gmail.com

How Far is Europe?• Geographic boundaries– N: Norway, Iceland– E: Russia Ural mountains, Kazakhstan – W: Portugal, Ireland– S: Turkey, Cyprus

• Population 7.3 억 , area ~1000 만 평방 km• Languages 31 , nations 52

• Political boundaries (Vienna line)– West Europe: UK, FRA, GER, ITA etc. 26- Eastern Europe: RUS plus ex-Soviet block 26

History of Europe• Home of Western Civilization

– Greece, Rome, Byzantine, Ottoman, Habsburg– Christian culture– Catholic, Orthodox( 정교회 ), Protestant( 개신교 , 1517)

• Columbus new world (1492) : colonization • Birth place of democracy

– French Revolution(1789)– From feudal kingdom to republic

• Birth place of communism– Bolshevik Revolution (1918, St. Petersburg )– 12 independent republics after Soviet collapse (1989) – 7 independent republics after Yugoslavia collapse(1990)

Colonial Imperialism : New World

• UK: USA, INA/PAK, AUL/NZL, KEN, SAF • ESP: Central/South America• POR: BRA, ANG• FRA: ALG, MOR, SEN• NET: MOZ, IND

Continent of Wars

• 100 Year War : 1337 – 1453 (FRA, Joan d’Ark)• 30 Year War : 1618 – 1648 (GER, Cat/Pro)• Napoleon War : 1803 - 1815• WW I : 1914 - 1918• Communism : 1918 - 1989• WW II : 1939 - 1945• Balkan War : 1991 - 2001• Chernobyl accident : 1986

Road to No Wars

• Military/security pacts – NATO :founded 1949, 26 members (US lead)– Warsaw Pact : 1955 – 1991, 7 member (USSR lead)

• Political pact– OSCE (Org. for Security and Co-operation in

Europe), founded 1973, 56 members• Economic alliance– European Union (EU)

Collapse of Communism

• 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident, Ukraine• 1988 Seoul Olympic• 1989 Collapse of Berlin Wall• 1990 E/W German reunification• 1991 Soviet collapse, 12 republics• 2004 7 ex-communist countries join EU

»LIT, LAT, EST, CZR, HUN, SLO, SLA, POL

Expansion of EU

• Founded coal/steel union with 6 MS (1957 Rome)• Expanded to 27 united states of Europe– 1995: 15 MS (western Europe)– 2004: 25 MS (10 eastern Europe; CZR, HUN, SLO)– 2007: 27 MS (ROM, BUL)

• Single currency Euro (2002)• No borders, Schengen Treaty (2007)• Remaining 20, EU admission process– Timing of TUR admission

EU Expansion Map

Prospect of New Silk Road

• Linking Europe and Asia (Eurasia)– Hyecho, 8 C. Shilla monk, first Korean to Europe

- Marco Polo, 13 C. first European to Asia

• TSR/TCR/TKR rail transports• Lessons learned from Europe– History of sufferings, wisdom to negotiate– Highest culture, prosperity– Balance from US domination

Small but Strong ( 强小國 )

• Superpowers: FRA(18C), UK(19C), GER(20C)• Small but strongs – Benelux-3: BEL, NET, LUX– Scandinavia-4: SWE, NOR, DEN, FIN– Alps-2: SWI, AUS

• Austria/Korea relations– WW I/II defeated with Nazi Germany– Land of music, culture, ski– First first lady Francesca Rhee (from Vienna)

Francesca Story

• 1900 Francesca Donner, born in Vienna • 1933 Meets Syngman Rhee, Geneve• 1934 Married to Dr. Rhee, New York• 1948-60 First first lady • 1965 Returned to Vienna after Dr. Rhee’s death• 1970 Returned back to Seoul, Ewha-jang• 1992 Died at Ewha-jang

Francesca at Syngman Rhee’s BD