international relations (3) introduction to un 2009. 9. 15 김 병 구 [email protected]
TRANSCRIPT
Why UN was created?
• The First World War (1914 - 1918)– End of Hapsburg, Ottoman, Romanov empires– Bolshevik Revolution, birth of communism– League of Nations, Geneva – Reasons for failure
• The Second World War (1939 - 1945)– The war to end all wars– UN created (1946): The Allied Forces under US lead– 192 Member States– Permanent seat in Security Council with veto power
• P5: US, USSR, UK, FRA, CPR
UN Missions
• Regional disputes– Peace Keeping Force dispatch– Korean War (1950-1953): the first UN PKF
• Economic developments– Support Least Developed Country, poverty– Millennium Development Goals– World Bank, IMF long term financing
• International regulations, standards– Global issues: aerospace, maritime, nuclear,
health– Safety/operations/quality standards
UN Organizations
• UN headquarters– New York, Geneva, Vienna, Nairobi
• Reporting to UNSG– GA, SC, ECOSOG, Int’l Justice, etc.
• Special organizations– WHO, IAEA, UNESCO, IMF, etc.
• Statute, Member States• UNSC Board Members (15)– Election of SG, highest decision body
UN Secretaries-General
• 1946-52 Trigve Lie NOR• 1953-61 Dag Hammarskjold SWE• 1961-71 U Thant BUR• 1972-81 Kurt Waldheim AUS• 1982-91 Javier Perez PER• 1992-96 Boutros Boutros-Ghali EGY• 1997-06 Kofi Annan GHA• 2007- Ban Ki-moon ROK
Dag Hammarskjold
UN Secretaries-General
• Ban Ki Moon speech– Earth Day for UN, March 28, 2009
UN Budget & Finances
• Base rate– Proportional to GDP
US 25%, JPN 19%, GER 11%,…ROK 2.1%– Adjusted every 3 years
• Regular budget– Staff salary, overhead, baseload missions– Discretion of the Secretariat
• Extra-budgetary contribution– Donor specifies missions, recipient
• Voluntary contribution
UN Reform Proposals
• Simplified organizations– Needs to meet the changing demands
• Delivering-as-One– Integrated UN offices in the region
• Pilot country demonstration projects– Asia: BGL, LA: URG, AF: TAN, EU: ALB
• Reforming the Security Council– Expanding permanent P5– JPN, GER, BRA, INA
• Functional categories– P1 - P5 : professional, > BS/BA degrees– GS1 - GS6 : admin supports– Temporary : Intern, JPO
• Official languages(6)– English, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, Arabic– Formal meetings/publications : all 6 lang. simul.
Trans.– Working level meetings, reports : English only
• Qualifications– Language + professional knowledge + experience– Global open mind : curiosity, positive thinking,
fairness• Korean staffs in UN
UN Staffs
Global Mind
• Curiosity– Diverse culture, history, customs–Multiple languages (English +)
• Positive thinking– Ask ‘why not?’
• Fairness– Trans-national, racial, religions– Common interest over personal bias
Globalization and Global Mind
• Importance of communication– Conversations, listening, confidence
building– Speaking, reading, writing
• Global mind at KYU– Global Communication Center (E, C, J)– Essential to international
competitiveness–My level of global mind ???
Homework
• What is the best Korean international competitiveness?
• What is the KYU international competitiveness?