internet das coisas e o paradigma software-defined everything (sde)

© Antônio M. Alberti 2014

Internet of Things (IoT) e o Paradigma Software-Defined Everything (SDE)

Antônio Marcos Alberti Professor, Researcher, ICT Lab. Coordinator, NovaGenesis Project Architect, C++

Developer

[email protected] www.inatel.br/novagenesis/

‣ Current Scenario

‣ Overview of FIA Ingredients

‣ Software-Defined Everything (SDE)

‣ Internet of Everything (IoE)

‣ NovaGenesis: Convergent Information Architecture

Outline

‣ Since 2000, several initiatives to redesign the Internet appeared under the banner of the so called Future Internet Architecture (FIA) design. !

‣ Today, there are hundreds of initiatives overspread all over the world.

!‣ They can be classified as:

ú Clean slate - Aim at redesigning from “scratch" the Internet architecture using the state-of-the-art of contemporary information and communications technologies. !

ú Evolutionary - Aim at continuing evolving TCP/IP Internet. !‣ Since 2008, I am designing a new convergent information

architecture called NovaGenesis.

Current Scenario

Current Scenario‣ A branch of FIA design is the Internet of Things (IoT), or more

generally the Internet of Everything (IoE). !

‣ The IoE can be defined as to make everything belong to the Internet. !

‣ Another branch of FIA is the Software-Defined Networking (SDN), which can also be generalized to Software-Defined Everything (SDE). !

‣ The clean slate approaches wonder if the current Internet can support the challenge of scalability, naming, identification, mobility, manage and control of billions of nodes. !

‣ We are going to discuss the relationships of both branches in the context of the NovaGenesis clean-slate architecture.

(c) Antonio Alberti 2014, Inatel - All rights reserved.


Overview of FIA ingredients

IoTCapacity/Ubiquity/Scalability

Real-Virtual

Exposition/Service-centrism

SDN

Management/Autonomicity

Information-centrism

Naming/Identification/Mobility/Multihoming

Future Internet Ingredients

What is SDN?

• Networking can be defined as the act of establishing a network among equipment in order to exchange data and information.

• According to Shenker, “current networks are essentially designed to ‘master the complexity’ behind existing technologies, rather than to “extract simplicity” from the learned lessons”.

• Shenker defends the idea that abstractions play a big role on computer science, shielding high level software from the complexity existing in the lower levels.

• In this context, SDN means to rethink network architectures considering the important role of abstractions. Means to do networking as “software engineering”.

What is SDN?

• However, SDN can also mean that some functionality (the functionality of ‘something’) is defined by software, i.e. it works accordingly to some controlling software.

• Thus, SDN means to establish networks where physical/virtual equipment functionalities are controlled by software.

• The equipment could be everything that can be used to do networking, while functionalities could be any networking functionality.

• This definition raised on the scope of software-defined radio (SDR) and cognitive radio (CR), but this is a long story ;-)

Current Hardware Equipment

Fonte: Andrés F. M. Quezada, “Uma Visão Geral de Redes Definidas por Software e o Protocolo OpenFlow”, Trabalho de Conclusão, Pós-Graduação Inatel, 2014

Networking Plane’s Interaction


The Shenker’s et al. SDN

• It proposes four abstractions to simplify network control:

• Forwarding - It encompasses a flexible, software-controlled, frame forwarding model.

• State distribution - comprehends a centralized control program that operates over a summarized network view.

• Configuration - The output of the control program is a networking configuration map. To create the required network view a network operating system (NOS) is used.

• Specification - It enables the generation of abstract configurations for network devices. Such abstract configurations need to be mapped to the physical ones.

Decoupling Hardware from Software


The Four Abstractions


OpenFlow

• It is probably the best well-known SDN initiative.

• It is a standard that covers SDN forwarding and configuration abstractions.

• It covers the structure of an OpenFlow switch as well as the protocol used by the control program (controller) to generate the network view and to configure forwarding tables.

• A diversity of controllers can be used together with OpenFlow: NOX, HyperFlow, DevoFlow, Onix, etc.

‣ To make an Internet build of physical “Things”.

‣ To bring the Internet to the “Things”.

‣ To put the “Things” on the Internet.

‣ How many “Things”?

What is Internet of Things?


NASA


Real-Virtual


SDN






Capacity, Ubiquity, and Scalability


Capacity, Ubiquity, and Scalabilityü The accelerated evolution of capacities allows the

implementation of small devices capable of sensing the real world and transmitting the obtained data to services on the Internet. !

ü Those devices can also act over the real world. !

ü Sensing and actuating capabilities can become ubiquitous, allowing unprecedented scenarios of interaction between the real and the virtual worlds. !

ü This army of devices will push architectures’ scalability requirements to new limits.


Real-Virtual Worlds Integration


Real-Virtual


SDN






Real-Virtual Worlds Integrationü New “smart” embedded devices are emerging and becoming

connected to the Internet. !

ü This will create a flood of real world information, considerably enriching our applications, making them more aware of what happens in the real world, in real time, everywhere. !

ü To transform this huge amount of raw data on knowledge is one of the biggest challenges behind the IoT. !!!

ü There is an entire cycle of data processing up to the generation of cooperative knowledge networks.

Data Information Knowledge Wisdom


Real-Virtual Worlds Integrationü These knowledge networks can feed complex hierarchical

feedback control loops, since sensorial data is very important for decision making.

ü Therefore, we do need to avoid blind autopilots.

Some issues in this context are the stability, performance, and sensitivity of this control loops.


Real-Virtual Worlds Integrationü New applications are emerging to take advantage of this

situational information, e.g. like augment reality, ambient intelligence, social appliances, networked cars, etc. !!!!!!!

ü In addition, decisions made on the virtual side can be reflected on the real environment. This will help us to save energy, to better use our resources.

Google GlassTM


Resources Exposition and Service-Centrism


Real-Virtual


SDN





ü IoT and FI resources need be exposed to software orchestration frameworks, allowing the dynamic and integrated composition of real and virtual existences.


Resources Exposition and Service-Centrism

Software Orchestration


Resources Exposition and Service-Centrismü Entire services’ life-cycles can be orchestrated involving such

exposed resources. !

ü The life-cycle can include devices description, search, selection, negotiation, admission, installation, monitoring, failure handling, and all the other management functionalities. !

ü In short, IoT capabilities can be seen as a service (IoT-as-a-service). !

ü This view approximates the IoT to the so-called Internet of Services (IoS).


Resources Exposition and Service-Centrismü Some open challenges on IoT + IoS are:

ú How to design a service-oriented IoT? ú How to enable the joint orchestration of non-IoT and IoT substrate

resources and services? ú How small sensors and actuators will expose their capabilities, or

establish dynamic contracts? ú How to share IoT resources among several orchestration

frameworks? ú How to describe the device capabilities? ú How to format the contracts? ú How to provide the adequate search mechanisms? ú Which circumstances can cause a contract revocation? ú How to provide energy-awareness?


Software-Defined Networking


Real-Virtual


SDN






Software-Defined Networkingü The SDN paradigm could be applied to the IoT devices:

ú T. Luo, H. Tan; T.Q.S. Quek, Sensor OpenFlow: Enabling Software-Defined Wireless Sensor Networks, IEEE Communications Letters, vol.16, no.11, pp.1896,1899, (2012). !

ü IoT can be used to collect real-world information that is relevant for networking control, as well as to reflect software decisions on network hardware.

!ü Some open issues are:

ú How the well-known limitations of WSANs will shape the application of the SDN paradigm on this networks?

ú How to design networking control and management systems that take advantage of the IoT?


Management and Autonomicity


Real-Virtual


SDN






Management and Autonomicityü IoT will manage itself or at least reduce considerably the degree

of the human intervention required.

We already have self-driven cars. Why not to have a self-driven FI?

ü We cannot expect that the IoT will be managed in the same way as the telecom operator’s networks today.


Management and Autonomicityü Among the proposals to reduce human interference on ICT,

there is the so-called autonomic technology, or self-*. !

ü Many of the IoT roles overlap with the functionalities advocated by the autonomic cycle, e.g. monitoring, analysis, acting. !

ü Thus, the autonomic technology appears to be a natural candidate for the IoT management. !

ü However, the IoT provides the information necessary to feed the autonomic cycle of other FI architectural components. !

ü Thus, IoT appears to be a natural candidate to implement some of the phases of the autonomic cycle for FI components.


Naming, Identification, Mobility, and Multihoming


Real-Virtual


SDN






Naming, Identification, Mobility, and Multihomingü People like to attribute natural language names to devices,

networks, services, and even for information. !

ü Current Internet naming is very limited: hosts, domains, URLs. !

ü What are the things that deserve a name on the Internet? !

ü Names can be used as identifiers (IDs) and locators (LOCs). !

ü An important problem is the dual role of IP addresses, even in IPv6. !

ü How to move “Things” without losing their IDs?


Naming, Identification, Mobility, and Multihomingü Additionally, new architectures need to support simultaneous

connectivity and multipath routing, fully enabling multihoming. !

ü The ubiquitous connectivity needs to be explored in design, as well as new routing approaches.




Real-Virtual


SDN






Information-centrismü Node-centrism is perhaps the most common approach for

designing WSANs. !

ü However, IoT can take great advantage of the precepts behind the Internet of Information (IoI). !

ü Self-certifying names (SCNs) can be used to name data in a persistent and verifiable way, i.e. SCN = H(m)

mensagem (longa)

m

função “Hash”

H(m)

MD5, SHA-1, Whirlpool


Information-centrismü The integrity, provenance, and non-repudiation of sensing and

actuating data can be checked based on SCNs. !

ü Name-based search and discovery of network-enabled devices and information helps on IoT services’ life-cycle: the idea of social devices. !

ü Information is secured per se – it do not depend anymore only on secured connections.

NOVAGENESIS COMO É? QUAIS OS BENEFÍCIOS?

Nomes únicos gerados a partir de padrões imutáveis das existências.

Nomes em linguagem natural: Português, Inglês, etc.

NOMEAÇÃO

Wilfredor

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Nomes conectados para criar uma rede de relacionamentos.

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Meu Smartphone

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NOMEAÇÃO


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Meu Smartphone

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IDENTIFICAÇÃO E LOCALIZAÇÃO


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Meu Repositório de Fotos

DESCOBERTA

Eu tenho fotos do Antônio!

Eu guardo fotos do Antônio!

Eu tenho fotos do Antônio!


NEGOCIAÇÃO

Vamos trabalhar juntos?



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TROCA DE INFORMAÇÃO

Ai vão as minhas fotos!

Ok!Ai vão as minhas fotos!

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RASTREABILIDADE

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Confiável!

Não confiável!

CONFIANÇA E REPUTAÇÃO

"Collaboration logo V2" by Berdea - Own work. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Collaboration_logo_V2.svg#mediaviewer/File:Collaboration_logo_V2.svg

Rede Local 2

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Hoje

Rede Local 1

MOBILIDADE


Futuro

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MOBILIDADE

Rede Local 2Rede Local 1


Dispositivos Sociais

Representantes

DISPOSITIVOS SOCIAIS

INTERAGEM UNS COM OS OUTROS USANDO REPRESENTANTES DE SOFTWARE.


Developing a NovaGenesis IoT


Social Devices

Window Sensor

Storm

Nobody at home

Towards a Trustable Fellowship of Self-Organizing “Things”

Open windowPresence Sensors

Weather Sensors

Close the window

Window !Representative

Presence Sensors !Representative

Weather Sensors !Representative

Smart !Assistant

From “H”RoF RoF

Splitter

Access Point

Spectrum Analyzer

Antenna Control Link

From “H”

To “E” To “E”

Optical Switch

Throughtput (Mbps)CINR (dB)

RF

Sa Freque

NovaGenesis Services for Proxy/Gateway/Control of: !ü Spectrum Sensing ü Optically

Controlled Antenna

ü Access Point ü Wi-Fi VLAN !!


Convergência IoE, SDE, Rádio Cognitivo e Sobre Fibra

Developing a NovaGenesis IoT Smart Future Internet Architecture

Physical World

Self-Organizing !Physical World Representatives

People!Policies, Rules, Regulations, etc.

Self-Organizing!Assistants, Controllers, Managers, etc.


NovaGenesis in the Media

TEDxInatelTV UnisinosG1Engenharia ÉTecMundoBNAméricas

The NovaGenesis Team

2014

2013

Obrigado!Antônio Marcos Alberti

!www.inatel.br/novagenesis

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